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THE NOBTHEM STAR. SATURDAY , APRIL 28, 1838.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" "— - _ m - -. IMPORTANT TRIAL UNDER THE NEW POOR LAW ACT . —CONVICTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THREE OVERSEERS . " On Tuesday last , Mr , Feaigus O'Connor appeared before the Huddersfield Magistrates , as counsel in . a prosecution against Thomas Brooke , Esq ., John MeDor , and James Lancaster , orerseers of the township of Honley . Our readers are aware that cpon the previous Tnesday , the bench yras divided tipon the above case , " and that upon Mr . O'Connor * * applitation fresh summonsed -wore granted . One o ' clock -was the htrar appointed for the hearing , and """ ' ^ rSsi ^ rifpT t \ '
long before that time the court , all the a ? en _ ues , the staircase , and the large space in fiiaat of the building , ptesented one dense mass of anxious enquirers . The , Magistrates present were J . Waflrer , - . Esq . - * Chairman , J . Aimitage , £ ? q-, R- N . Battye , Esq ., W ^ W . Battye , Esq ., W . Bweke , Esq .., J . Starkey , Esq ., and J . Sutdifie , Esq . When the case was called on , Mr . Floyd , Clerk toihe Guardians , rose to object to Mr . O'Connor acting as counsel , inasmuch as that learned gentleman -was not an English barrister . He produced a red book , which , he said , was the last published , and -which purported to be a list of the names of English barristers , and Mr . O'Connor ' s mane .-tras
not in it . The Court . —We once before -were given to understand that Mr . O'Connor had been retained in an important cas * .-and were anxious to hear him . " Mr . Aemitage . —Do yon nn an that Mr . O'Connor has not a right to be heard . Mr . O'Coxxor . —Gentlemen , as to the red bopk . I do not suppose the gentleman has read all the names and perhaps I may find mine , or bring an action against tue printer . However , I am not yet an English barrister , and it is not just the tun ? for me to say what court I am entitled to plead in , and what court I am not . Of course you are aware that I may pracdse in appeal * before the Lords , before election and other Parliamentarr committees ; and I-did
establish ( after Ion ? argument ) my right to plead before the revising barrister for the Soroush of Marylebone . That is a court of record ; and I shall , vhen occasion presents itself , be prepared to estab ^ lish my right to practise before any court in this iingdoxn . However , you are not competent to try the question . The question was then put separately to the Bench , when it was unanimously agreed that Mr . O'Connor should be heard , two of their Worsloips granting the privilege upon courtesy . The Learned Gentleman then proceeded as follows : — Gentlemen , —Although , the postponement of this case has entailed considerable trouble upon you , and bo small inconvenience upon me , yet I do not resrret the occurrence , as the importance outwe i ghs even *
personal consideration . Gentlemen , when 1 appeared before you upon the last occasion , I do conit-ss tiiaf having been lurried into court , I was not so veil prepared either with facts or evidence , as was necessary for yonr satisfaction ; and , therefore , I have the l « s reason to quarrel -with the difficulty in which the bench -was placed , and the consequent division ; bat noT , continued Mr . O'Connor , j have so fortified myself with facts evidence , and law , as . to considerably abridge my labour and . your trouble . The defendants , Thomas Brooke , John 31 ellor . and James Lancaster , appear before Ton to answer the complaint of James iJrook and I a ' ppear as counsel for the rate-payers ef the township of Honlev .
Mr . iuojias Bkooke : no tread-mill this time if you please Mr . O'Connor . That gentlemen , said Mi . O'Cosxor , " is the only regret which I feel in the matter ; there shall be no tre ^ J-iuill , because since Tuesday last 1 have had an opportunity of learning the character of Mr . Brooke , and I feel a mixture of pleasure and sorrow in stating that all the virtues which can adorn man . belong to the defendant . He is a man of almost unbounded wealth , and Tet his acts of beneficence , chanty , and kindness , hold pace with his treasure . He is kind to the poor , affable to the rich , courteous te all , and beloved by alL These facts 1 have pleasure in stating , while I mourn that his moral character and wealth are
calculated to make bis example , even in error , worthy of b ^ ing followed , and that the ignorant who err in following so virtuous an example , may jnstly pleaa eicnse in having done what TiionaajTB . ook ' e had thought right ; therefore-, gentlemen , in this case rood character is rather an aggravation than a palliation of the offence , and all that I regrei is , that so much , -vrorrh -honid liave besi : sacrificed and mnde a tool of bv an artfal and designing factiun . Gentlemen , I " Lave before stated the act of Parliament under which 1 mean to proceed , namely , tise £ 3 sectien of an Act entitled the Poor Law Amendment Act . This is a penal Etatnte , and it will be my duty to show bow its provisions have been violated by ihe defendant * , and so
important do 1 consider the hasty but not iujn . ' adens settlement of this case , that I shall not only abandon the tread-mill , but I pray the B > . nch to convict in a men : nominal amount of penalrv ; such an amount as will leave no power of appeal which may leave the question open to anxiety and ccrabt . Yes . Gentlemen , I askyou ; if you areindeed the coruerva ors of the peace and the administrators of law , io put a stop to unconnected and expensive agitation , by teaching the people that -when rights sre gramed by law , no act ol a designing govera-Efiii can trample -upon and overcome those rislits hr
"the appointment of manufactured . JZx-Ojpuio officers to nullify popular elections , ( Great cheering m court . ) Chairman . —You must keep ordrr . Teach the people that there is yet one court of appeal , and that the arm of the law is stronger and inure curable than tLe declamation of the oeniagogw . —let them understand that there may be some Intent sparks of charity and humanity * in this B 3 , which may be extracted and brought to light , by a _ jn ^ t exercise of popular right , governed oy a vigibnt popular contronl . Do not allow thv-m to substitute wild demonstrations ef rankling discontent for that protection which the constiratrou ought to render . Do not mock them bv the
concession of a boon which you -ha-re the power to change into an engine of oppression . Do you suppose that the people of this country have not sufficient discrimmanon to distinguish / between the right and power to exercise a right ; and do you suppose that power to be jnst which is used for no other purpose than the destruction of rights Are not the people to be commended for thus seeking protection from the law , rather than from violence .- If . the law is good , ihe keen eye of povertr , JJl spee 43 y discover its value . If the law is bad ' J oefyyon to force it upon us even at the point of the bayonet . ( Great cheering . ) Court . —( Y \ ' e cannot allow this interruption . ) Gentlemen
. —I am nothing loath to hear it ; it manifests no disrespect for you , but on the contrary bears frank testimony to the anxious and panting taare to substircte legal protection for coiifusitm . sad strife , ( hear , hear ^ hear , from the bench ); but inasmuch as a Court of Justice should be silent and * ole-iun , 1 trust that those feelings will be repressed . ( Hear , hear . ) How does your account stand with the law r It says to the people you shall have the appointment of those who aTe to administer " to your "K-anto and your comforts , but in the event of J ^ et not doing it our way -we will do it for you . ( Laug hter . ) You shallappor&t Guardians ; bnt should « iar vi « w of tlielawdifl ' er from onrview of thelaw ^ e * nl nullify your elections , and set Tour authority at cefiance
; and should you find shelter among those to Wuom you have been accustomed ( nnder the consti-RiGua ) to . look to for succour and relief , -we t £ [ 1 overcoaue ' the power of your natural guardians , who are tag magistrates , by an accession of our supporters , * ren though it extend w the poQndon of the bench and the frustration of justice . ( Great sensation . . ) Is this a course calculated to commend even a less obnoxious law : Gentlemen , take heed lest that bench which the people have been accustomed to revere , to honour , and respect , sLould b y acts of palpable injustice lose that confidence which it has hitherto so justly Reserved and so usefully maintained You will not allow yourselves to be prejudiced by any feelings or desires expressed , or acts committed "to destroy your power , you wall view any such ^ m pt as an insult to justice and a violation " of law . nThat right has anv bodv of men to interfere with sn
^ cred a privilege , and in so nnconstitutional a banner as the poilnoon of the judgment seat , for the accomp lishment of a design ? As well may an electioiieering committee 3 sitting , at Stroud , for the F ° niotion of iord J . Russell ^ election , nominate , ^ nrongh that noble lord , the magistrates who -were to s-t and deliberate > dth the jastices of Huddersfield . J * n mdiscribable sensation Tipon the bench , and ^ ghont the court . ) - - Air . BRoo apnagistrate . Mr ^ O'Connor , before f ° fc proceed I Eftg to say fiiat you are insulting the «^ ch ; -weknow tery veil to whom you allnde ; you I rail 864 * " o ^ chTri lh injostice , and therefore * m ; ^ o ^ ^ letract those expressions . f ; - . . Losxoa . —I snail not retract , neither -sill a 7 wa ^ ^ from o ^ nng any jnsult to ment ^ S FS ^ - ^^ ^ i ^ ^^'
O'Connors ob ^ S ^ roiIstrocfio 11 ^ . ^' ^ o ^ " ^^^ O'ConBor retracte ne-* T&to £% i ** '* & ? F ** *« ig nited l ^ w . w ionnerry contended thatjea . actmajt bt irafcl
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to come under the cognisance of tht statute . If so j if such a monstrous notion is for a moment to be entertained ; I shall even then show yon th « t'ererT act of which the defendants stand charged was wi £ inland done writh a perfect knowledge of the penalty to which they were subject . But yon gentlemen are aware that when an act koom past , the law supposes every one , eren the most ignorant , to be aware of it ^ provisons , and also supposes that every violation of it , is a " wilful violation . It was not a want of knowledge ol the consequences which the defendants should truly plead , bat it imsthe fact ^ that they supposed that this case would never come before a legal tribnnal ; and , in Ae' hepe of fighting the people with the treasure of the State , tocomennder the cognizance of thb 8 tatnte . Ifso :
they dreaded no expence , in the event of a moreMexpensive inquiry . It was matter capable of proot that the treasurer of the Halifax Union told a poor law officer , that it was vain to contend against . the law , as the commissioners would spend thousands in its establishment . Again , as to overseers improperly influencing the election of Guardians , will any man tell me that the fact of Mr . Brooke ( a very popular gentleman ) Dffering himself , did not materially effect the election of others ; and yethis majority was only obtained by the rejection of a sufficient number of legal votes upon the other side , to p lace him by three at the head of the poll , he acting in his capacity of overseer , by taking the poll and scrnrinizing the votes . Was this not an unjust interference ? Jf not .
what Would be ? WiHanyone say , that from Mr . Brooke ' s extensive connection , none were influenced by bis having offered himself , and' then mark the manner in which the farce was concluded—one day ' s poll and two day ' s scrutiny , —whereas the law is imperative as to the duration of time for closing the election , —a day for the poll , and sufficient time , if required , for •' calculation ^ " but not for scrutiny . Nearly two hundred votes were rejected , without any power upon tLe part of the voter to defend bis right , his-presence not being required , as the voting paper was his title , and confirmed his right . At the foot of onp o : the forms prescribed by the act , they wonld find tLr . t it was expressly stated that in the event of non-compliance tho voter would lose his vote . This was in the event of any informality b » the mod ? of filling up the paper ; but not a word with regard-to the non-payment of rates , which was aprevious question for the consideration of overseers
beore delivery of voting papers ; and even in this instance , though the law admits of an excuse for the non-payment of certain rates , nrr . ny who were legally eicused even so far back as 1825 and 1826 , during the panic , and have punctually paid since , have been rejected . 1 care not , gentlemen , whether a "arg » in was made for the convergence of both sides ; I am not here to establish the election of this Guardian or of that Guardian , but to protect the rights of the rate-payers , even though they might have been objected to by the popular candidates . ( Hear , hear . ) What power had the absent voter , though with a good case to defend his vote . In this extraordinary election we find one overseer a candidate and taking tha poll for himself , while another holds the parish doenments and is the authority to whom appeals for disqualification are made and successfully made . ilr . Las caster , is the Court of Appeal , boltiing the books and ileciuing upon the rights o the voters ; and thus we have a chairman and three
overseers : ! cui . g « s a purdzau tiibuual , to eilect lae retnm of a certain candidate , while we have the churchwarden of the township , turned into an apparent partiznn -upon the other side , by his disinclination to jom ' in frustrating the election of Guardians . The nnthority of the churchwarden is set at nought although he t-nters his protest against die mode , of election , and declares Mr . James -Lrooke duly elected ; and upon the summing up of votes upon the first day , being the only day which the law allows , Mr . ' James Brook stood much above Mr . Thomas Brooke upon the poll , the churchwarden , in compliance with the instructions , very properly declared James Brook duly fleeted , a . id legally noticed the same . Nott , Gentlemen , said Mr . O'Connor , for mv own gratification and for yonr satisfaction , I beg , ' in conclusion , to
assure you tnat no vorj of disrespect has escaped my lips ; but , oa tLe contrary , I think I have conferred dignity upon , and shown respect for , the bench , by . thus snbmittins to it a question , the judgement upon which will form a whnlesoine precedent for ail future elections for Gnardirtns in this country ; and 1 confidently submit the case of my clients , assuring you that if tV . ts act is to be carried and executed , and administered contrary to law , popular power ana popular discontent will strangle tj . e incnsier , to which the law has ascribed no limits . Gentlemen , your lives , your liberties , and yoar properties depruj upon the due execution ol " the law , and if you cease to respect the rights of the poor , they will cease \ o respect your privileges and yor . r estates ; but I look -with confidence to your judgra-nt and shall now proceed to snpport mv several uilrgations . bv incontrovertible evidence
Mr . O ' Conxor then examined several of the ratepayers of Honley , in support oj the several charges , and fory supported his case . Upontheexaminationof Mr . W llkinsun , churchwarden , Mr . O'C . asked hmi if he had declared Mr . James Brooke to be duly elected , to which Mr . Flotd objecreJ , inasmuch as a declaration pay not have been heard . Ask him said Mr . Flovd , if be announced it . Mr . O'Conxoh . —Is there any difference . Mr . Floyd . —Certainly .
Mr . O'Coxsor . —Then will yon have the kindness to state uie ^ iaerencf , and 1 am snrethat the followers of Johnson , &wa Sberislan , thrjConrt . the pnblic , and myself will feel duly obliged . Primps he whispered the declaration ; did * you Mr . Wilkinson . ( Great laughter . ) When the evidence fur the prosecution had closed . Mr . Flotp stated tl ^ t . Mr , O'Connor had closed just where Le .-hould hr . ve commenced ; and atlhoueh he had sued under the 98 section , yet Le had kept tht-93 section out of sight , which should be taken in connexion with the <) 5 ih , in , -upport of which he read an extract from a commentary of Mr . Justice Coleridge , in which that Learned Judge laid down the manner in which , oue Act of Parliament mar serve
eitherto explain or re , eal another statute . He also read an extract from Blaoksione explanatory of the elements of the British Constitution , which he contended bore minutely upon the case , and although Ids clients had iniringed the law it was an innocent ofience , and therefore the bench was bound to dismiss the complaint . He paid a high compliment to our young and virtuous J uet ? n Victoria , and ably explained in what true patriori : ni consisted , a . < -nell in respect of Englishmen and hishmrn , as als" ) onr "brethren over the borders . He had no apprehensions as to the Tesult , because his clients Were respectable , and had merely transgressed the l-. iw i " r > Jia ignorance , and not with anv malicious motive . He , therefore , would not call any witnesses , tuough he had many .
Mr . O'Coxsor—then , Gentlemen , I shall no farther trouble you , for what 1 have left undone has been supplied by Mr . Floyd . 1 must beg to say that were the defendants the Government of the country , 1 might entertain the quotation from Mr . Coleridge , as his judgment has reference wholly to the intentions ol tue legislature ; and really J did not consider it necessary to trouble you with a recital of the 95 th section , inasmuch as it has reference to workhouse discipline . I , therefore , place in your hands , the Act of Parliament , together with tite instructions , and it will be for you to say whether the evidence has supported the charge .
The Bench retired , and alter a deliberation of an hour , returned , when the Chairman delivered the following judgment , which appeared to be . unanimous ;—The Conrt having attentively considered this case , is of opinion that the defendants have violated the law and the instructions ; and , therefore , the judgment is , that they stand severally fined in the mitigated penalty ol five shillings each and costs . * . Mr . O'Connor instantly leftthu Court , which was crowded to suffocation during tie whole trial , but was left quite empty upon the judgment being delivered ; and the only regret expressed by all was , that se amiable and estimable a gentleman as Mr . Thomas Brooke should have been the victim of a rnthless and lawless fiction .
W e trust that the signal victory gained under the law will change fruitless agitation into legal investigation . —Ed . ~ . . - -i - -
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- ™«^^ " - — XETT P 00 B LAW PAUPERISM . TO TEE EDITORS OF ; THE . NORTHERN STAR . Gestlemen , Pity tie sorrfrwB of a famishing man , "Whose trembling hand has "borne this to ycrai press , Whose days are dwindled to the shortest span—0 list a -wiiDe , and he the press wDl bless . Yes , I entreat you to commiserate my lot , for a few passing moments , even if my matter lack yonr approval . Coming from a panpeT , it cannot ibe expected to yieldfood for amusement , but I fain hope , —for co-ordinate circumstances sometimes
generate fellow-feeling or appreciation , —for ihe sympathy of a few , who either totter in , or , like my-? elf , nave-been reduced from middle classcomfort to -abject parertf , ^ -ahd , Mtterer than all , " New Poor Law-pauperism . - . ' : _ ¦¦ ¦ My tale , or rather my communication , might be long , for the subject is prolific ; but it shall be comparatively 8 short cut . ; Having had to appear , at the Dar ; of a I 5 oar £ of Gnaxdiajis- on a few trying calls , . when chilling poverty "was met by cold rebuke , and complaint stifled or rebuffed , into apparent cowering duphcity , lt ^ has often-Struct , me that the gentlemen presiding on such" occasions" should be moie antlv
ctyled * Guardians of the rich " in . place' of -fhose Jf ihe Ppoor" for the jealous care they manifest to "' pro * tectthe pockets of the-wealthy . Perhaps if the Poor-Layr BiH shonld fce amended ^ but that may : be donbtral as it'is , of couwej ' intended to lasr in its pristine vigoor- lot vrnf j > erbsg 8 i Gentlemets , jon niay then oblige me , and : myjorder to submit this suggestion to our bennwlent legislatowi-ibr it will , I presume , be admitted ,, that official cfesignations should best accent witfc prewaibed duties , \
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I am about shprfly M * ~ take the tour of a fewi parishes , toascertaM how ' far they are relieved by jtsnnmane operations , on " the score of reduction o { popHlatiot » andWr % tei * , which , if it be so ^ VooJcl U two points gamed at one throw ; It is notudlikelyi W rf 8 | jP >» . «> ut that I may afterwards have to sojonfit « w ** fow -wintef montta iiy a poor Bonsei latd ^ ln strong perspective , before me , when I would en-^ eatour to gam afaiowjedge . of the dietary laid down ^; S ^ 5 » 5 * . ^ SL'd ^ enM , toth in regard to Qtlanti ^ and quahtT . ' A presentiment of coming misfortune once betook nfe when I saw better days ¦ and [ . that is not long since , and I was induced to nat Ane of thl Union Workhouses . I cannot soon forget the scene : there I saw rim lnK ™™ .. ^ o . « * .. i . and I «*^ ~ v—x -t- . .--, ¦ ,-: ^ - ^ - ¦ . -. _ - - > -. > ' ^
, ^^ enc ^ ^ ater-porriage wasting hL health aod Strength , a , way-Mbtced to desert his humble hotwtortQ ^ pensh-r-hffl vife ,, n 6 twitflstanding what ne was earl y taught were sacred injunctiohsTsepar ated from him , and cooped np in one place , his chili aren in another—tbere was an admixture of the oU and young—the fatherless and the widow , of squalid mothers and paling infanfs-the careless and the taonghtfni—the disaolnte andthemoralr-sorrew Was unheeded and pain unattended to , save where reluctant duty required it , —in short , the sullen , the ignorant , the renecting , the unfortunate , and the wretched , the industrious , ¦ and the idly disposed , were huddled together ; all wearing an ill-suppressed aspect of surly apathy , or of reckless vindictiveness Mueiriate
< , « . ; merciless inflictions had evidently implanted sensations of most vicious tendency , and tnatthe deeper in proportion as the parties appeared cruick or lntelligent-the dull and the stupid seemed the least discontented ; if ignorance was not bliss , it served , at " all events , to save them from mental anguish . No distinction prevailed—no exceptions were made—the worth y and the worthless treated mi \ e ~ Malthusw 7 i severity—cold calculating sordid severity—seemed the pervading indiscriminate inflexible rule to scare misery away at all sacrifices . Mammon , under the guise of stinting economy , seemed the very God . Even their last solace was denied them—their accustomed house of prayer was forbidden to them .
Never should they enter the house of God , — But they wept and they wail'd and ther told their woes , And they bent beneath the chastening rod ! The discipline how enforced , and how supposed infractions are arbitrarily and summarily punished is another affair , which it were then of corirse presumptuous in me to enquire into , but on which 1 may unhappily have to trouble you again . It is at present , time I should begin to finish , for poverty like wit should be sometimes bief to tell . All , however , that I may ia my next visit see or hear worth mentioning shall be submitted to you , with all due deference to my prospective grave masters the Board of Guardians . I would not , at the same time disturb their self-esteem or that of the gentiTou ! - triumvirate who most feelingly direcL their labours .
As I am to go in . quest of voluntary aid , which is lawful for a monarch , and unlawful ' for a mendicant to receive , and so avoid that sort of compulsory relicl which strangely enough , when put in immediate juxtaposition , that same law enforces and allows , permit me to invoke the benign visitings of fell adversity : gently on thy suppliant ' s head Suffice to lay thy chastening hand ; Not in angry terrors clad—Nor to yon vVorkhouse let me wn . d , — Where norror reigns with funeral cry And vran disease and ghastly poverty .
As the exterior of these modern pandemoniums denotes abodes of comfort rather than hovels , I forget—I should say mansions of irre / cJieduess , I have bethought myself of a suitable inscription to be cast in leaden letters on black grounding over-head the grand entrances . It might arrest attention and give rise to reflections in those who would pause to read it , -which might probably . save the Boards of Guardians infinite pain , and the devil-masters who preside and coerce the inmates a world of trouble , — here _ it is , and if you will , 1 beseech you to recommend its speedy adoption—All hope araxdox , you w-iro evtek heiie—Uespaib and want must close yolr sad career !
Come what may , I could neither command circumstances nor health , —poverty with me is therefore no crime , while its punishment may be . Accept , Gentlemen , the re ^ jectfu ] salute of ? A Houseless Wandered
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HLDDERSFIELD POOR-LAW GUARDIANS . The following are the documents referred to in our last as having been read by Mr . Floyd at the meeting ot Guardians ; they appeared in n " few of our last week ' s impression , but were unavoidably taken out to make room for other matter . At the request of our HuddersJield friends we again iu ^ ert them . To the Poor Law Commissioners for England and Wales . The Memorial of the undersigned inhabitants of the township of Huddersfield , in the West-Riding oi the Countr of York . b
bHEWETH—That your memorialists , and others proposed Thomas Starkey , Esq ., "William Jacomb , Esq ., John Haigh , E * q ., ~ Thomus Haley , Esq ., and John Frederick Schwann , Esq ., as persons lit and eligible to be appointed to act as Guardians of the Poor for the said Township of Huddersfield , for the present year , commencing from the 25 th day of March last . That Thursday , the 29 th day of March last , was appointed for the dav of election .
That William Cooke , Joseph Chadwick , John Moxon , and the said Thomas Haley , and John Frederick Schwann , were on that day elected . That the said William Cooke ^ J-Chadwick , and John Moxon , have heretofore shewn themselves opposed to , and inclined to obstruct the putting into execution of the recent act for the amendment of the Poor Law , and from anything vour memorialists know to the contrary they are still opposed to the said law .
That great irregularity occurred in taking the votes of persons entitled to vote at the said election , and that several of the Toting papers which had been improperly filled up , were admitted by the Overseers and reckoned by them in the number of votes given at the said election . That ; a great number of voting papers were improperly obtained at the workhouse , filled up and delivered to the Overseers , by whom they were received and allowed as proper votes . That 17 voting papers duly filled up , and properly delivered to the Overseers were misplaced by them , and entirely omitted to be reckoned in the number of votes , and have since been admitted to have keen found by the Overseers in their possession , and your memorialists believe that many others have been misplaced and omitted in lite
manner . That many other votes have been placed by the Overseers opposite the names of candidates , in whose favour they were not given by the parties tendering the same . That in taking the votes of persons entitled to vote as occupiers , one vote onl y has been allowed by the Overseers without reference to the amount of the value of the property occupied .
That if a scrutiny were made , your memorialists believe , and are firmly persuaded that one or more of the persons proposed as candidates for the said office of Guardian of the Poor , and who are favourable to the said Act for the Amendment of the Poor Laws being put into operation , would be found to have been duly elected . Your memorialists , therefore pray that a scrutiny maybe made into the said election , and the manner of voting thereat .
( Signed ) DAVID SHAW , WILLIAM WILKS , BENJAMIN BRADSHAW , JOHN ILLINGWORTH , I I'll » TTt ¦ ¦ ? - » TT ^ I ^ - n . n ^~ . - *
HENRY NELSON , EDWARD W 00 DHEAD . Huddersfield , April 2 nd , 1838 . Poor Law Commissioners' Office , Somerset House , 14 th April , 1838 . SiR , —The Poor Law Commissioners for England and "Wales , enclose a copy of a memorial which they have received relative to the proceedings at the late election of Guardians , for the township of Huddersfield , and they request the attention of the Board of Guardians . of the Huddergfield- Union , to the return made b y the Overseers of that township . . - : . :-. ¦ .. "• . ::
Xhe Commissioners desire to point out that it is competent to the Guardians to determine in the first instance vfhat persons are entitled to take their place and act at their Board , and they have further to acquaint you that they -will readily assist the Guardians with their advice upon any state of facts which the Guardians may think proper to report to them in reference to tins case . i ( Signed ) E . CHADWICK .
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A . Lawyer ' s Bill . —The Nottingham Review of last week has a verbatim copy of a lawyer ' s bill in an nndefend « d action in a Court called" -the Peveral Coort , in that county , for £ 2 ; and the costs ( even « a tsxed by the protbonotary ) amount to £ 12 4 s . 8 cL What-would the * -costs nave amounted to , vif : thisitiro ptmnd aetio * of debt had been delendtsl ? And * hat wiit Hie ^ pJaintiff have to pay his lawyer foT txtra costs ? TaTf of " the gloHJouB uncertainty of the few . ^ in&eed ? Why , it is certain tiat if yon go i # W > f ay you mast , witt or
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iJ $ ^ ti 4 $ ?! !*~ -W Commerce . - ~ We are "S ^ th a ^ rchantirom the bontinent As now ^ n | ng a ^ nnesley ; Nottinghamshire , *> f the ? WPO of Procwhigafreightof donkeys ; : , ; ^ J ^ BECK OP THE SHIP fATiAB 4 K ^ AND LOSS ^ r £ i & £ * V *> &c —? bis shjp , connnanded & ? ^ eld . failed , ^ Saturday week , for g ^ J w ^ The " wiBu which Was then Nrw- with a i « gnt breeze , freshened , itf the course of the night , and prevented ; her and the vesseli » that sailed with fer ; from , making much vv ay . It Was high all Sunday , lDcrea sedduring . the nightj and on Monday Uew a , gale . Ihe Scocia , for Demerara , oue ofi ; he vessels that sailed with the Athabaska , sunk , -on - Sunday night , in atteinptinff to run into Beaumaris Bav
her crew escaping , fortunately , to the land . La i * oi Hamedon , French barque , for Natites , jras dnyen ^ on Aore , on Monday morning , near Lythaa ihe Kesolution , for Quebec , kept out , during the day , and ran m <; o Liverpool on Monday night . The Athabaska which had been seen , we believe , by the Resolution , m the course of the afternoon , in want we understand , of a pilot , must have been attempt-Z W ? n , aU r' When s ^ e unf ortunately struck on West Hoyle . Her perilous situation was not discovered
nntil near eight o ' clock , on Tuesday morning . Shes was tht « n dismasted , and the sea which ran very high , was making a complete breach over her Ihe crew wen * seen clinging to the 4 eck , in momentary danger Of being swept oflf by the angrv surge . The life-boats from Hoylake and Point ' -of Air , immediately put off , in the hope of being able to rescue th rill-fated crew from from their perilous situation ,- ^ Ihey d . d not however , succeed , notwithstanding the . r crews made the most resolute and courageous exertions to reach the wreck
The Nobthem Star. Saturday , April 28, 1838.
THE NOBTHEM STAR . SATURDAY , APRIL 28 , 1838 .
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THE IN AND THE OUT TORIES : THE OUT-TORY MESS . The Out-Tories , by their recent Quixotic gormandizing excursion to our territories , have not much served their cause , neither have they evinced much political tact . Their position ... should have been that of perfect , quiescence , and neutrality . They should have allowed In-Tory , perfidy to have created a disgust even more strong than the . bitter reminis cence of Out-Tory rule has . imprinted upon every heart , which bleeds at the recollection of Orange
sway and Church . " massacre . in Ireland , Tory domination in England ,, and Tory usurpation and tyranny in Scotland . Doubtless the jiistdissatisraetion so strongly maniiWted against In-Tory rule , in the North ; induced the champions of backward motion to select our ground as the fitting field whereon to fight the battle of reaction ; but how miserabl y must they have mistaken both our principle and their own strength , if for a moment they calculated for Radical support upon the forlorn hope , They came —they saw—but they did not conquer ; and the onl y
triumph of which they can boast , is , that the plunder of the people has added to the magnificence of their banquet . They doubtless supposed that a sprinkling of Radicalism would have graced their processions and added majesty to thevv festivities ; but in this they wt-re disappointed , for they stood alene in their glory , and , after all , what have they done ? Their object was doubtless to add to that disgust which the people-feel-for In-Tory policy ; and how do they u » e their force ? . Do they , place themselves in a less odious light ? Do they in the
event of regaining power , promise us better days , or hold out the hope of placing us in a better political position . No , but they trumpet in cur ears the glories of a State Church , and Unnecessary ascendancy of hereditary legislation . That State Church , which has been , planted in- our land like the Upas in the desar ' t , and which like the plant , has there sprung up , blasting and destroying all that comes within its pestiferous influence ; that State Church , which is a memorial of -he lust , the tyranny , the inconstancy , the cruelty , and the brutality of the monster
Haurvthat Church which is based upm the fascination of Anala Boleyn executed foradultery ; that Church whose arms are the sword and the bayonet , iiar . ' tered on the Bible ; that Church , whose base is blood , whose temple is money , and whose idol is power ; that Church , whose motto is ill will among men , ami salvation to those who worshi p at the shrine- of Mammon with political devotion to the rule of terror . They preach the glory of hereditary lgislation : well they may ; for it has served as an impassable barrier on their behalf . Did they suppo < e that because the Radicals would not devote
any unnecessary time to a Reform of the Lords , while the Common's remained unreformed ; that we were , therefore , satisfied with the course of hereditary legislation ? They mistook our silence for consent , and have miscalculated upon public opinion on the question of hereditary legislation . "W e have but postponed , we have not forgotten it . Wo before observed that their gorgeous eatinghouses were no proof of political strength : —that
the circumstance of being fed at Leeds or elsewhere , was no proof of local Tory power ; inasmuch as the display wasa national one , and the mustered squad of raw recruits came from afar to the battle of the knife . Those who were less acquainted than ourselves with Tory policy were ercctis auribus , anxiously awaiting the declaration of repentance , and the announcement of a disposition to govern according to the necessity of the times ; but the confident have been disapoihted , and the resolute
have to mourn over the accuracy of their predictions . We remain where we were , while the Tories have disturbed their only hope , which was repose ; and festered those church and hereditary wounds which were becoming numbed by fresh and itching sores inflicted by our present rulers . At Leeds especially has the bubble hurst . In what consists a triuinpb if no benefit is gleaned from it ? And , while on Monday we hear the strength of mother Church trumpetted in our ears , on Thursday we behold the incompeteney of its supporters to appoint more of its
officers than the single one , whose nomination rests with the vicar . Mr . Baines , a , dissenter , proposes and carries , with the vicar in the chair , the , entire number of church-wardens , whose every feeling is diametricall y opposed to the usurpation Of a State Church . If such be victory , Oh , kind and beneficent fate , multi ply our defeats , we beseech thee ! The party must have drunk deeply from the cup of delusion , or they must have been intoxicated with
the dregs of faction , if they supposed that ten thousand such exhibitions could gain them a recruit , or seduce a single veteran from our ranks . Their minds must be as narrow as their system of representation , if they supposed that a wooden house , full of dogmas , could turn an oppressed people from their onward course ! The , effect of the whole tramping commission has been to lessen Tory power , and to expose Tory weakness . In their over-zeal for self
gratulation and exposition , they forgot , or . they were ignorant of the fact , that many , very many , of those Tories upon whose countenance .: and support they calculated , are perfectly { satisfied rwith' that prd- ^ tection which In-Tory policy gives to their orders The victims to union and labour protection ^ and the ascendancy ifhioh is allowed to Capital- ' and mono : polyy « e iraffiwe ^ Tones and , perfectly flitiBfiedwittitW ^ who only claim the loaves :, and fishes ^ hicK parfy
protection yield , and ; who desire no shareiii politic cal power , do not join in disfarlbingihe present ol ^ er of things . vVthat more could their oxtt . friend ^ do ^ for them than their im crgiiies hare ^ donePvNay , if out , the presehjt men wuk ^ ponents to cany / a tingle iaeasnreiuppn " yf hich : 4 ey now rest iheir claim ^ general approval . "> ¦ V- , ! It iswellfe talkof 'tt ^ ^ ^ fc ^^ bucket ^ in a w « ll . It ir wdl to fip ^^^ tory ^ V etuni to
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ofi ^ ce , as a means of whetting the Whig apBetite *?*? e * tensH ^« Palar rights ; but letus remem-^ ffi- * ^™«^^ P ^ afymm iitrati ^ ^ W ^ * cted ^ *!* rstrraj ^ hfngti * hands of the P ^ thatV reqmred for th ¥ ^ complisament P f ttwr views , moreover , it i « chiiaish ' to iest bW •^™ - . ?; . * W ^^ - - ^ the assumptiotuj f a fabe position or even to ground it upon the false position of bur opponents . : The veteran Wharncli ^ e , and the ; unfledgedscjon pf theHouse ofWiNCHELSEA , arencit strong guarantees ^ for an extension of popular rights ; and , thank God , their general national muster in the great cook shop , at Leeds , did not much outnumber a small parish meeting to transact the most
unimportant local business of the parish . Arouse ye , arouse ye then freemen , and while you nobly contend againstpresent Whig misrule , fight your battle upon princi ple , and allow not a single foot of resting ground in the land to that faction , who have crimsoned the green fields of Ireland , with innocent Catholic blood in support of a political Church ;
Set no faith upon the prorJses of that party , who having in their proper person laid the foundation of your misery , would now coward-like , persuade you that they are your friends . What they have not been able to effect , to insure the completion of their power and your subjugation , they recklessl y join their own enemies in accomplishing . Can you then rest your hope of political salvation on men who
are bound together by the strongest ties of monopol y , usurpation and injustice , and who would gather round them in support of their government , those whose best qualification to office would bean unconquerable aversion to all who live upon their labour , and demand protection for its support . ? Radicals , your strength is in your union , your power in your voice , and your success in your perseverance . But above all , pray take heed that in avoiding Scylla you fall not upon Charybdis . God and Union be
with you , and preserve you from the whole host of your enemies . No Tory Union ! As well may the lamb with the tiger unite , The mouse with the cat , or the lark with the kite . . .... in .
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POOR LAW COMMITTEE . Twenty-two reports have been made to the House of Commons of the evidencexgiven before this Committee , by various individuals , as to the operation of the New Poor Law Amendment Act . Through some mismanagement of our London agent , we have notreceived thefirstfive of these reports . Seventeen of them , however , now lie upnn our table—as many as would make a very large folio volume . We shall have less trouble in doing full justice to this huge mass of documents in a very short space than might
have been expected . One would naturall y have supposed that a Committee , appointed to inquire into the operation , and working , and practical effect of this Act , would have found it both necessary and convenient to direct their inquiries , in the first instance , to the parties for whose benefit the Act purports to have been passed . We were told that this Act was to do great things for the poor , —it was to elevate their social and moral condition , —it was to make them more industrious and more "independent , " —it was to relieve them from all the hardships and oppressions practised upon them under the old
system , —and introduce them to an entirely new state of existence , in which they should enjoy a feeling of comfort and "independence , " arid , ( by necessary consequence , ) of content and happiness , of which they had no previous conception . We , and others , knowing the principle of the measure to be pure despotism and heartless tyranny , denied the possibility of the corrupt tree ' s bringing good fruit . We read , villany , and fraud , and robbery , ( and murder , whenever it might be thought expedient , ) in iivery form and lineament of the Hell-monster , and therefore our protestations , long , loud , and incessant , against the introduction of this" aboini
nation of desolation , " were continued until the country was aroused , in pome slight degree , from the torpor into which it had been lulled by the stupifyi . ng angel of Whiggery . The outcry for Repeal became so vehement that it reached the adder-ear of Government . They were boldly accused of having attempted to cheat a confirHng people by givini > them poison under the name of medicine , and destruction in the guise of " amendment . " With a serpent-like conniDg which is essentially characteristic of their faction , the crawling Whigs when they
perceived the expression of . public opinion becoming too powerful to be borne down , parried the blow , which must otherwise have annihilated them , by the wriggle of enquiry , " A committee should be appointed to enquire into the effects and operations of the New Poor Law Act , and to see whether it merited the abuse which had been heaped upon it , or whether it had not caused all the poor of the respective neighbourhoods into which it had been introduced , in all the efficiency of its sanatory influence , and the fulness of its
powers of renovation , to realise all the visionary prospects of Eldoradad . " Loud and confident were the appeals of the Whig Candidates at the late elections , ro the expected labours of this Committee , which had been recently appointed . We were confidently assured that it would be proved by the result of investigation to have been " a great boon to the poor . " It was reasonable , the- efore , to suppose that the poor , who had been made to enjoy the benefit of the "boon , " would be the first to whom the donors would appeal in support of their patriotic measure . It was natural to expect that
the mouths of "brawling demagogues , " and " moral incendiaries" would have been stopped at once , by bringing before the committee numV . er , -: of thepoorwho had felt the blessed effects of the law , and to whom it had proved the means of domestic comfort and social salvation . We had a right to expect that honest countrymen from the agricultural districts would be brought before the Committee to state the amount of their increased comforts in consequence of its operation . This would , at least , have given to the enquiry an air of seriousness . Instead ^ however of this , we find no fewer than seventeen out » f the
twenty-two reports occupied with the evidence , of sundry tramping pauper-locusts , in the shape of Assistant Commissioners . Atleast we have no doubt that this is the case . We have already stated that the first five we cannot refer to . We find the sixth to begin with the evidence of " Edvfard Gulson , Esq ., again called in , and further examined . " Now we fancy that our readers need no great siretoh of intuitioii to find out what the evidence of these gentlemen is rikely to be . They are receiving out of the rates salaries to the tune of some £ 1 , 500 a
year each , besides extravagant travelling charges , Whenever their predatory occupation leads them to ^ tramp : from : one parish toanbther . They , of course , find- ^ the = N ' pV Poor Law' a pretty gbodsort of thing . Of coiir $ e MK Hall is of opinion that * ' a virtuous , industrious , good labourer , who , from sheer neces ^ sity ^ and frotti cir cumstances over which he had no ipontrbl , is ^ driven to accept of the workhouse , 'is a means df relief , has no just ground of complaint
&hAMJ $ \ b the 'only alternative of starvation , ' ? | He founds this opinion on the fact that " there is an eniire- suppli / of all his phypical ' tvarits : ;¦ provided fofVhim aVthe expense of other persons . ?^ ' W hy ; yhat an nnblushing front this ; DeVil ^ Kingljas I l * o talk" of ^ the physie ^ wanis tfith ^ ieirig ^^^ * KRp / fei ^ unde ^ a ' system wiidh affords so admiraple : " an ; illnstrition * # this mbdje of ' supplying pebp'lS ^ 'pliysi yrktiii XJnibnj w |( ere , according t ^ the testimonT-of
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Mr ; Bowbn , almost 40 persons were deubera&ljand wilftaiyy | j ! r clled out of eristenc ^ that is t » ? y > In plain English , poisoned—murdered in a fewweeks . ' If this he the way in whicli Mr . ^ HiLt Intends us to understand " the entire suppiy ; of all the * paupers' physical wants ' Vwe c ^ rea ^ Hy see thilt his complaints might soon cease , but must stilt recognize their justice . This iellow goes on ] afi ^ some more enlargement on tite special virtues of the Act , especially as to the Bastard y Clausea , fe say that "both in the manufacturing and agricuitural districts , where the ; law been introduced , & abpunng classes are decidedl y more satisfied with .
the newlawthan the oldl-lhat theyfind the ^ coif . ditioii on the whole betterl and that they wbu& rather that the present system should gb on than that they should revert to the state of things which existed immediately previous to his going ^ nto Berkshire and Oxfordshire ; ( that is , immediatel y after the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act i ) that tb ^ ey get more work , and their employers are more kind to them . " Now , why , if these things Be •* o , did not the supporters of this lying measure bring sonie-oi these ' ¦ " labouring classes" to tell their own story ? What satisfactory reason can be assigned for neglecting to secure to this great national "Booh" so signal a triumph as would have been thus afforded it ? ' Was it from a principle of
economy ? Were the cheese-parers afraid to put the country to the expense of bringing up a few agricultural labourers to London , and a few weavers and woolcpmbers to bear them company , in order that they mignt confoUj , a the "incendiaries , " by estaohshing the , humane and benevolent character of the New Poor Law ? Why , fifty of them ; would h ^ ye been conveyed for Itss expense than the one single suspicious-looting witness in the shape of an Assis tant-Commissioner ! The triith is , they dare not send for an intelligent , honest , working man on whom the fell terrors of this dire ^ Boon" have been allowed to fall . Thus is insult added to tyranny , and the country is asked to believe that the labouring classes are deli ghted with this infernal laW " , because , a creature who receives an enormous
consideration for his trouble in doing so " , chusesi to say that-some of them have told him something of the sort . : This testimony of Mr . Hall , as to the improvement of the condition of the labouring classes , in consequence of the introduction of the New Poor Law , is . admirabl y supported by that of another locust , named Daniel Goodson AdeV ,. ' " . ' Esq ; This being , in whose district the Ampthill Union is
situated , gives his evidence before the Committee j especially in answer to the queries of Mr . Fielden , with all the careless ease and sang frohl of one whose cake is of a large size , and well buttered . Speaking of the dietary in the Ampthill Union , which" amounts to 90 ounces of bread , 10 J . pints of gruel , 12 ounces of meat , 4 ^ pints of broth , 4 | pints of soup , 14 ounces of pudding , 31 bs ' . of potatoes , and 4 ounces of cheese , for an ame-bodied man , for the whole week , Mr . Fielden
asks—5 / 09- Have you heard any complaints by the able-bbdiei labourers of the dietary given in the Ampthill workhouse being insufficient for their . maintenance ?—No , I have nut - 1 was there , I think , just before Christmas , and there were then some aDle-Taodied labourers in the workhouse , and they knew ' me , and they made no complaints tome , and I did not seek for them . ' 5770 . Do you think the dietary there described is sufficient loralabounnjf man to be supported on ? As a magistrate I have been in the hiibit of visiting the gaol of St . Alban ' s , and i
nave tnere Been able-bodied labourers live upon ljlbs < of bread it day , withwuter , anil I have found them , attheeM of twa years , m perfect good , health . I have ho doubt that taat _ dn ; tury is Buflicient , _ 5772 . Th ' en have you thought it to be necessary to make inquiry as to wha t the amount of food should be to be Tarnished to an able-bodied labourer ? --In looking at those dietaries genRTiillv , 1 tind the . whole quantity of food amounting to so many ounces , and tbat it is higher than ia allowed in the . gaol at St . Albun ' s , where I had always seen the inmates in perfect good health . 5 .
A few other of this worthy's answers are well worth noting : — . ; 5776 . : Do the aged and infirm prefer living in the woTkhouae to living at home?—I have never asked them their opinion , outl sliuuldsay the bulk of them haveno homeat all . andno friends . ,. 5760 .. Have you in your travels in that union visited thfc crittagesof the poor , in order to see in what state they are aa to tlvwr iTirniture and bedding ?—I visited a great many of the cottages before I formed the unions ; and 1 am quite aware that they are in a most wretched and deplorable state : they were then , and 1 have no doubt that they are now . " . - 5781 . Have any of them been obliged to sell their furniture murder that they might subsist since the union was formed ?
—1 am not aware of such cases , but I understand that the pawnbrokers shops have a guod inany articles in them . _ 0 / ij 2 . But if you haa been in the habit of frequenting those houaes , would not -jo-ii be told b y the inhabitanU o ? those houses what their state was , arid be able to see with your Syes what the condition was?— If you mean to ask me whether I have iisked poor people whether they were inastate of distreas , 1 never have , becuuse I NEVER SEEK OUT FOR DISTRESS . but / want distress to seek me out , aud therefore I have not , ought out them . '
Here , then , is proof as strong as the riiost fastidious can desire , that this pet law was intended ; to raise-the character , and elevate the condition kni . increase the csmforts of ¦ the poor . Here / is / the proof . One of the most haughty and best pai 1 of the myrmidons by whose infamovis labours this Act is carried out , laughs evidently in the face of thedommittee , When they talk of his seeking out distress , f He seek out distress I T \ 6 , no , he has other businjess . His business is to pocket £ 700 or £ 800 a year , which is-wrung from the bowels of that distress , and leave the distress to seek him ! "
Let us ; for a moment leave this haughty ani insolent functionary of " the Devil ' s own" to pay some little attention to one who did go to seek ^ oufc distress . Our readers recollect a letter from Mr . James Turner , who , at the instance of that , true Patriot , Mr . John FiELDEN , hasbeen in the Ampfrhill Union for the purpose of affording to the Committee , of which Mr . Fielden is -a member , the information which though it is first ;; Of ' . all necessary , is mostof all feared by those ' who were most forward to prate about the enquiry . Mr . Turner , being questioned by the Chairman ,.. gives the following statement of the result of his . ' enquiries in this Union . * ¦ ' ¦ ¦* ¦ ¦¦ ... '¦
58 a 3 . But you describe 30 or 40 in the parish of Ampthill , that were entirely out of employment fora period of from three to six weeks ; did those people apply for relief to the Board of Gnardiana ? - ^ Npt . to a vpry great extent . 5854 . Why did they not?—Because it was of no use whatever to apply . ¦¦ ¦ . ' : ¦ ¦ . :. ' - ' -:-- " ^ . , > 5 S 55 . Why was it not ? -rThe impression : cn their minds was , " ! We have no parish now ^ it is- of no use to apply for relief now , though we are out ofwork ; " sp that , though-ther were suffering the distress which I have now liamed , they dio not' choose to go to the Board at all , because they did not lik « to go to the workhouse , and it was a well nnderatood thing that it Avt « either the workhouse , orno : relief at alhy J 58 afi ; \ Yaa their . distress very great ?—In some instances it was very great , worse than I ever saw in my life . .. ¦ *" -. ' 5857 . Were you in the workhouse ? - ^! was ; ; - '
5858 . pid you observe , whether the people appealed to be healthy oi . unheaHhy in the workhouse , or wh . etner there was a sufficiency of food ? - ^ Not a sufficiency of food ; . thai ; children of nine or ten years of age certainly looked the hest ^ beca use the childrenof nine ^ feare of age had the same allowance as the gtown-uppersons . -. ; . - - ¦ . - ¦ ¦; : ' - ' -. ¦ ¦ ¦ ..:. ¦• .:-, . •¦ , . . ' : ' •¦; , ' j , 5661 . Supposing them to nave been few or jnanyy what was the appearance 6 T their health ? --Theii appearance was not good . . ; ¦ . : - ¦ ¦¦ . . ' . .- /¦ ¦¦ : ¦ ' - 'j-y . - . -- ; ; r v . '¦ ¦ ; - . '" . " > - ¦¦'¦ - ' ¦ . ' .. 5862 : Did yon hear complaints of the insufficiency of the food?—Not wbfle they . were in , butialwaya when tb ^^ tame oat ; every ^ ujdiTianal that I ;« aw ,. wheathe 7 ; came ^ ut , yhett I asked them about their food , always said that . ' the solid food was good ; they aid nof finiTanlt with' die quality of it , but the quantity ;/ but eiFery individual that I saw said that the wqrstday _ waB Fnday , when theyfiad only 14 onhcesof pudding . for diiineT .,, ; - ¦ .., ; : ;; , ¦ .... .- ; , ' . ... -. ¦ .. ' : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ,,-: '" .- ,.
So niuch fer . the confirmation which the ' spoor paiipeiuof thecAmpthill Union a'fibrd to Mrt A « - sistant Qoinnus 8 ionet Hall ' s statement of > f an entire Supply of all the ' p hysical ' wantsot the pauper . " Some folks ; and v ? e amongst the ; restj : have aupposed food to be a : p hysical' want Vr jconunin to ordinary paupers in a wdrkhouse ^ as -iweit Fai ' . the fcrampiiig paupers livings & splendour ' cix& JS . the
wSges of ifaiquity . It seemsljj however , 'thd [ t the New Poor Law has introduced ^ a' new-s ^ steia of physics , r . nd we are somewhat behind the niarch of the-age . ' ¦ -. We nad : | ui Tp <) se& tb $ f ^ giie cidioir ^ le extraV : ts ft 6 m 1 ffie > e % id »^ ^ c itjXb ut n ^ o ' efeFfeia ^ l ^ i' ^ ife ^ naye not aione ' M ^^ M ^^^^\^^ J ^ i % deUcious aisn | ioP ^ m ^^ H ^ Tiel ^ olr *^ r » fc a ^ taste no # j ^ i ^^^ v }( f -vK •^^ -. vr ., U . ^ - ^ -. % ¦^ V
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April s 1838 . TH | NGRTH ^^ : UiJ ¦ ii - < ¦ -::- ^ - ^^^^ 3 g £ SBSS ££ SB £ BBBB * B'immHMaSmammmiiim *^^ . -. ...,: . ¦ ¦ ; ' - . " ¦ ,. .- : -- ,. ¦ ' ¦ ; N 3
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 28, 1838, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1003/page/3/
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