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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TO THE POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS JOB . ENGLAND AND WALES . TO THE POOR LAW COMMISSIONERS FOU ? KflT ATfD AND WALES .
The Memorial of the undersigned Guardians and persons elected as Guardians for the townships or places set opposite our respective names , hereunto ¦ written , comprised in the Hudderafield Union , in the West Biding of ihe County of Tori : Shbweth , That your Memorialists were respectively duly proposed as persons fit and eligible to be appointed ¦ to act as Guardians of the Poor for the respective townships or places set opposite their _ name 3 , hereunder written , ^ br the present year , commencing from the 25 th day of March last That Thursday , the 29 th day of March last , was appointed for the day of election , and j our Memorialists -were on that day declared respectively elected .
That your Memorialists and others , elected as Guardians for the said Union , attended at the Court House , in Huddersfield , on Monday the 9 th day of April , instant , pursuant to notice sent by Mr . Floyd , the Clerk to the Guardians , of which the following is a copy : — "" Sib , —This is to give you notice , than an adjourned meeting of the Guardians of the Poor of the Huddersfield Union , will be held at the Court House , in Huddersfield , on Monday the 9 th day of April , 1838 , which meeting you are hereby requested to -attend . I am , Sir , Your obedient servant , C . S . FLOYD , Clerk to the Board of Guardians of the Huddersfield Union . "
That William Brooke , Josephfitarkey , Thomas Startey , and John Sutciiffe Esqs ., four Ex Officio Guardians , -were present at such last-mentioned meeting . That at such meeting it was proposed and moved that one of the elected Guardians should take the chair ; but Mr . Floyd , the Clerk-, insisted that Tioue of the persons present were Guardians , except the Ex Ojficios , one of whom ( Mr . Sutcliife ) in consequence , assumed the office of Chairman , although snch a proceeding was protested against by many of
the Guardians . present , and the said Mr . Suteliffe declared that he should merely occupy . the chair pro teniporg j and -whilst the objections to " any of the returns were decided ; and that , when the Guardian * came to elect a Chairman for the ensuing year , he would vacate the chair , and the majority of the Guardians present should elect their own Chairman ; which arrangement was agreed to and fully understood by all the Guardians present , - and the said Mr . Sateliffe declared that he should not be possessed of any advantage or privilege beyond any other individual Guardian present .
That a number of objections were then urged against the rerurn of some of the candidates for " the office of Guardian ? , amongst others , that Mr . Sehwann was not returned for the township oi HtdcersSeld , the overseers of that township ' having , on Thursday evening , the 29 th of Match last ( the " day of election , ) after easting up the votes , declared that William Cooke , Joseph Chadwiek , John Moxon , Stephen Dk-3 rin . * on , and Thomas Haley , were duly elected ; bat on the nexvday , being " the 30 i of March , without auy adjom-Ement'being made from the previous day , the overseers made a fresh return , s&sritntJng tie name of Mr . Schwann for that ol Mr . Diekirisoi ! .
That the return of Mr . Parkin for the township of Linthwsite , was objected to on the ground of the churchwarden who nominated . him , not having delivered such nomination to the other overseers within the prescribed time , whilst the facts of the case were proved , that the churchwarden , Mr . Qcarmhy , nominated Mr . Parkin , as « -i fit and eligible person , to be appointed to act as a Guardian for the said township of Linthwaite , within the time directed by the Poor Law Commissioners , and kept such nomination in his possession , as churchwarden
and overseer of the said township , until the twenty-Third of March , on which day a meeting of the said churchwarden aad overseers was held , for the purpose of ascertaining the number of persons nominated for the office of Guardian , when it appeared that five persons were so nominated ; three of whom resigned . Thatprinted voting papers were delivered out , including the names of Mr . Parkin and Mr . Eastwood , the two remaining candidates 5 the former "being elected by a majority of 153 votes , and his retain signed by the churchwarden a . xd one other of tee overseers .
That the return of Mr . G . Crosskud , fbrtbe township of Lockwood , was objected to on the grounds , that the same individual who delkered out the voting papers , canvassed the votes , whilst on . duty in favour of Mr . Crosslaud ; that many persons endtied ro ^ rote , tad received second voting papers on promising to vote for Mr . Grassland , and destroying the first voting paper ; that the poor rates due from several rate payers had been paid bv one of the overseers , on condition of their voting for Mr . Crossland , and that several voting papers filled no for Mr . Stocks , the other person nominated , had been destroyed , and others substituted in their place filled up in favour of Mr . Crossland , and that several votiug papers delivered to rate payers had not been called : or by the collector , because they were supposed to be in favour of Mr . Stocks .
That the return of Mr . Redfern for the township of Meltham , was protested against in writing , bv a ratepayer of thai township , and that the wri ; er of that protest and the candidate for the office ol Guardian , who was desirous to state his case , were refused admittance to the meeting by _ tbe constables stationed at the entrance of the court house . That after some di ^ -nssion had taken place in reference to these objections , it was ag . eed that thev should be decided at an adjourned ineeting to be held on the 16 th instant ; but in defiance of this arrangement , Mr . Sntcliffe afterward re-opened tte tiisensaon , and himself decided upon every case ( except Linthwaite ) without putting one single ease to the vote , and adjourned the decision on the Linthwaite ease for a week .
That it was then moved and seconded that Mr . Brooie be Chairman for the Board of Guardians for the year ensuing , to which an amendment was moved and seconded that Mr Cooke be the Chairman , which wien pat to the vote twenty two elected Guardians voted for ilr . Coote , but the Clerk reduced this number by refusing the votes of Mr . James Brccke who claimed to be elected for Honley , Mr . Stephen Dickinson who claimed to be elected for Huddersfield . " Mr . Parkin , whose case had been adjourned to the week following , and Mr . William Thornton , elected Guardian for ¦ die township of Scammonden without opposition , and who had been summoned to attend
the meeting by the notice copied above and speciallv directed to him by name , and as " Guardian of the poor of Scammonden , near Huddersfield , " in the hand writing of the Clerk , but who on bein g requested by the Clerk to produce the certiscate of bis eleetioSn had inadvertantly lef t it at his residence ie , however , offered to depose upon oath that he had such certificate , and offered to send for . the same if time would be allowed him . This , howe-rer , was refused , and although he had heen specially and by name summoned "b y the Clerk to attend such meeting , his vote was refused , thus reducing the number of the freely elected Guardians who voted for Mr . Cooke , as Chairman to eighteen , the names of
whom were wrote down by the Clerk-That the rotes of those Guardians who were in £ i . vour of Mr . Brooie being the Chairman wpre then taken , when FIFTEEN elected Guardians , including in that number the votes of Mr . George Crossland , for Lock-wood ; Mr . JameB-Hedfern , for Meltham ; and Mr . Schwann , for Huddersfield ; all of whose * lt-ctions -were disputed—besides snch fifteen , Messieurs Joseph and Thomas Starkey , two Ex-OJicio Guardians also voted for Mr . Brooke , thus increasing the number in favour of Mr . Brooke to
seventeen , when to the great surprise of . a majority of the Guardians present , the Clerk advised Mr . Sntcliffe , who had at the commencement of the ineeting assumed the chair pro tempore . that he had two votes-one as Ex-Ojich Guardian , and another as Chairman pro tempore , -wno under the direction of the Clerk gave two votes for Mr . Brooke attempting by that means to give a colourable majority of one vote to Mr . Brooke . The names of ;<« iardiaiis and Ex-Officio Guardians voting for Mr Brooke , -were taken down in writing b y the Clerk * » h © declared Mr . Brook duly elected , '
That the election of a vice-chairman was made under precisely similar circumstances . That yoor Memorialist * protested against such an nnjuBMable decision of the Clerk investing Mr . SateMe with two votes , and the assumption by . . die latter of the power of giving two Votes , and » w > ntended , and still do contend , that Mr . Cooke was properly and duly elected Chairman . ; That ybar Memorialists further contend that the Board of Guardians 01 the Huddersfield Union has nerer yet been elected smd constituted according to the 33 m section of thePeor Law Amendment Act , wMe-ij says , " taatoue or more Guardians shall he electedibr each parish included in Buch Union , " —that Cumberworth half and Cumberwortb lower ire included in the said Union , "but have not lad . notice to elect one Guardian each .
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That Cumberworth Lower has not had notice toelect a Guardian , and no Guardian has been elected , and consequently Cumberworth Lower is unrepresented , and your Memorialists are at a loss to discover in what manner ibe Board of Guardians are to ascertain and assess the value of the property in the several parishes of such Union , or cause tote made the necessary : surveys or valuations , nor whether the expenses of forming and atteudantnpon such Union are to be divided amongst thirty-four townships or places included in the Union , or amongst the thirty-three who hare had notice to -elect Guardians . ThatCnmberworthLowerhaanothadnodcetoelect a Guardian , and no Guardian has been elected ,
That although .- Justices of the Peace are , under certain circumstances , directed to receive and carry into effect the rules , orders , and regulations of the Poor Law CommiKsioners , your Memorialists contend that such Justices « of the Peace nave no authority , as members of the Board of Guardians , UDtil such Board shall be elected and constituted " according to the directions of the Act and the orders of the Poor Law Commissioners , which was not case on the 9 th instant , and the conduct of Mr . Sutcliffe , the Ex-Officio Chairman , on that occasion , who took upon himself individually to decide all matters in dispute , contrary to the decision of a
majority of the Guardians present , was illegal and contrary to the order of the Poor Law Commissioners , contained in the second annual report , page 81 , No . 2 ; and your Memorialists must express their entire concurrence in the sentiments contained in such report , page 555 , that " it would be extremely unfitting to submit men , freely elected by their fellow-citizens , to the controul of individual magistrates— a feeling of independence is absolutel y Hec-essary to the manly discharge of public duty ; any system of interference , is a mockery of freedom , childish in conception , arbitrary and debasing in effect . "
That the meeting held on the 9 th of April instant , was the first meeting of the Board of Guardians , and ought to have been summoned as such ; nevertheless it was called an adjourned meeting , and was summoned as such by the Clerk , and was declared to be adjourned from the 26 th March . That your Memorialists have read wvth-surpr ise a copy of a Memorial , dated second of April instant , presented to you by six of the inhabitants of Huddersfield , reflecting upon the conduct of some of of your Memorialists , and your Memorialists declare that such reflections are unfounded aspersions upon the persons referred to . And no class of men are more anxious to assist in raising the moral and social condition of the labouring classes , and in reducing the burthens of the rate-payers , than your Memorialists .
Your Memorialists therfore pray that instruction may be given to your Memorialists , how to act in reference to Cumberworth Lower , and whether the Union can be considered as properly formed until notice be giren to that place to elect one Guardian , and in the event of no notice being given , how ere the expenses of forming the Union , &c , to be appointed , and amongst what town > hips ; also whether or not tbe elected Guardians ought to have been summoned to attend their fir ^ t meeting on the 9 th instant , instead of an adjourned meeting , from tbe -26 th day of March ; also , whether tbe disputed cases of election of Guardians for
Huddersfield , Lockwood , Linthwaite , Meltham , &c , are to be elecided by a majority of the elected Guardians , or by tbe ex-officio Guardians onivj and also whether or not , under the circurasiant-es detailed in this Memorial , the election of Mr . Wjllijna Brooke , as chairman , anc Mr . Sidney Jloorhou ?? , as vicechairman , was Ieg 3 l , and whether . Mr . SutcMi ? had the power of giving two vores , as detailed . Aho , whether Mr . Parkin ' s and Mr . Thornfcer ' s votes , or which of them ought not to have been taken ; and such general instructions and directions , us your Beard may deem requisite upon the various points mentioned .
( Signed ) James HinsT , Kirkburton . Charlks Senior , Ki .-kheatnn . "William IIaigh , Shelly . Joseph Matthews , Sh \ - ! ley . Joseph Hi&st , Tburstonlund . Jox . Senior , Farnley Tya * . CHARLESS-TOGE . Wi ; LL , \ VllitleyUppei " William Wright , BonJ Daltoa . Joseph Senior , Lepton . John Melloe , AlaionJbury . Hiram Hauling , Aldinoudbury . John Taylor , Mc-ltliam .
"William V&rlet , Linrards . "William Thoisnber , Sc-amuionaen John Rhodes , Liudhy . James Pav . six , Liurhwaite . J . T . Fisher , Marsck-n . William Cooke , Huddersfield . Steves Dickinson , Hndrersfield . Hexry Littlewgod , Honley . "William Hoebuck , Austerlry . James Brook * , for Huddersfield and Honley . Robert Wkigly , South Cropland . Joseph Chadwick , Fell Grove . Johx Moxox , Huddunsfield .
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MEETING AT HUDDERSFIELD . —FACTORY QUESTION . On Saturday evening last , a Vsrge mefithis : was convened in the Ph : Wi > -iiic ; : l ilail , IlnJ ^ rsHeio , for the purpose of peiitioiiLair-and remonstrating v . ill : Parliament mi the Factory Bill now hLfo- v tin-House of Commons . " The Iiail was well filled with attent ive listeners , who were chu-ily oi those who feel an interest in the question . Ihe meriting was called by the constable , at tlie instance of a numerously signed requisition . Mr . Haley wasjjnanimonsiy called to the chair , and commenced tne business * <>! the i-vening bv reading the placard annouiiriug the nuvtiujr
Mr . Stocks moved the first resolution . " He said he had hoped they would not bii under ihe necPSjity of again consider ! g this qnestion . H , * bad hoped that the old act would by this time have worked out its own cure , as the very people who obtained that act obtained it v . ith the express "hope th ; it it would not work at all , and that the people , of the manufacturing districts wonld soonbt ? tired of its workings . But in this they had found themselves mistaken ; for not only had that bill been acted upon , aua agitation ceased as the consequence of it , but it was now . attempted to bring forward another bill certainly the oddest bill that was ever exhibited in the world—a bill without a head . ( Laughter . ) It was tbe most absurd and complicated measure
irua'nimble . Not one of his acquaintance , so far as he had yet conversed with them , could at all understand it-Some of the manufacturers in Lauras ire affected to understand this measure , for they thought that some of its clauses would be more " str ingent than those nftbe last bill ; and they were therefore endeavouring to introduce-clauses to repeal the restrictions of Lord AlthorpeV Act , and thus to restrict the duties of the inspectors so that they ( the manufacturers ) might be allowed to go on as they liked . ( Hear , bear . ) They did not approve of the present act because it was too severe upon them , and they were de » irous of ha yiug the restrictions done away with , so that they might proceed as they pleased , and in such a way that the public will not know of their
y illany ^ ind oppression to hal f the extent to which it is now known . ( Hear , hear . ) He would say also that if this bill was at all understood , it went to take away the education of the children , which was now partially , and only partially imparted ;¦ if , therefore , the proposed bill were carried the people would remain m a state of greater ignorance than they are at present ; and it was his opinion , that every man who wishes well to society mnst desire a system of education for the factory children superior * that which they now enjoy . Jt was well known that it was impossible for a nation to be virtuous without education . It became therefore a duty to maku known their sentiments to the Government , that tlie opportunities of education now enioved bv th *
cMdrPn might not be taken away but increased ( Hear , hear . ) But as this odd bill had come from tne oddest house that ever existed in the world or ever made laws for a nation—for they have always to repeal either a whole or a part of their measures when they are brought into operation , and thus with their amenumeuls and re-amendment tuev puzzle both the peop > and-the lawyers , —we should endeavour to make an amendment in the system so as to enable us to . get those men into that house who would make laws so that the people could understand them and put them into practice . ( Hear . ) He said that at present we were in a most critical situation Never was there a country in any former period of of tune in the same situation as our country . The present was the stillness and calm that usuall y precedes the storm . He then proceeded to enter at length into the causes of the present distressed state of trade , and observed that a ten nours' bill was thi »
only remedy , because it was ontof the nature of things , and apart from the intention of providence that they should be subjected to such exce ^ Te labor as that to which they were at present obliged to submit . ( Hear , hear . ) Policy dictated the folly of manufacturing such large stocks of goods that our foreign customers could not take them off our hands ; and the consequence of this was a continual lessening of wages . The reduction of wages of course reduced the consuming powers of our own nation since the people were not in a condition , in consequence of their low wages , to purchase the goods which they themselves had manufactured . If , therefore , we had a Ten Hours' Bill , foreign nations wonld be better enstomers , and -we should get more by them than , we do at present ; for it was a fact , tha ' t we were now producing goods cheaperthan any other nation in the world . He then entered into the history of the yarn trade , especially witii reference
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to France £ nd Germany , and adverted to the fact that the members of the linen trade had memorializedEl Government to interfere with respect to France . He th > n referred to the great improvements in science , in consequence of whicli :-lve was of opinion : that the happiness of mankind should Ithereby be greafly increased . Instead of this , however , the advantages of science seemed only to be enjoyed by a very limited number . He said that a . great qut-intity of gold was weekl y being exported from the country , and unless the professors of chemistry could find out a scheme for turning every thing to gold v as ihe alchymists of old thought they wonld be able to do , we should still be more wretchedly poor than ever . A great deal was said by the opponents of the to Fraa (^ ^ nd Gennauy , and adverted to thelacttha ^ the members of the linen trade had' mem 6 r » lizedr
Ten Hours'Bill about spoiling our foreign trade j it was his opinion , however , that , whatever might be the advantages of the foreign trade , no goodi should be exported until every man , woman , and child was well fed , well housed , and \ vell clothed . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Such was : onnerly the case ; and the reason why it was not so now was the long and complex and unmeaning acts of Parliament which were now made only to make fools of the people . He would mention to them an act of Par- , liament which was passed in the year 1359 . It was simply this : — "Be enacted that there shall be assembled a Parliament once a year or oftener if need be . " There was no mystery in this Act of Parliamen-t ; and he would recommend the people to endeavour to obtain acts of this kind ; or it they had no prospect
of having them from the present Parliament , to see if they could not obtain representatives that would pass acts of this description . He need not say however , that legislation at-present was entirely for the protection ol the rich , and that whenever they wanted a bill proposing favourable to the poor , they were treated with the most sovereign contempt . Did they , for example , want the Poor Law Amendment Act repealing ? they were treated with the greatest indignities . Did they want the factory question amiably settled , —they were despised us fools and agitators . In short , whenever the people wished even"to prevent the passing of a bad law , they could scarcely obtain a hearing even in what was called their own house . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) Formerly
when , a member of Parliament had a petition to prestnt , it could be done at any time or under any circumstances , but it was u » t sonow ; they must be presented before a certain hour of the day when few , very few of those who called themselves representatives were present . ( Hear , hear . ) He then adverted in strong and expressive terms to the disgraceful conduct of some of the members of the Upper House as mentioned in our last week ' s paper . He said shame on His senators of Great Britain , that 'they ' should laugh at the calamity of the people and the pour . Could they ever expect the blessing of the . Almighty to rest upon them while they conducted themselves in such a disgraceful manner ? ( No , no . ) Had these men ever been in the habit of reading
their bibles they would have found that the Almighty irom one end of that book to the other , condemns and denounces the oppressor . ( Hear , l \ euf . ) lie di < J hope that such an expression of popular feeling would be . raised throughout the country in reference lo these laughing Lords , that they " would never l « indr . ced 10 laugh a ^ ain . ( lle . ir , hear . ) - ( Butin reti ! rui :. ! £ to the ohjectof the present meeting , he would state it to be " either that tun present Act of Parlitmuiit should <> tand as it is , without nivy altvr-: H- > oi ) ,-or that it be changed for an eineieijt Ten Hours' Bill . " ( Loud cheers . ) That was what they thouttlit would be the best course . A Ten Hours' Bill would doubtless be the best tiling for the country . He concluded his address by exhorting the middle
c-ass to join tue people in their cluinus for justice , because , as he said , it must be evident , to tlierii that in proportion as tl . e labouring population were in pood circumstances in -the same , proportion would they be in bettor circumstances ; for the more that ihe labouring population had to spend , the greater would be __ th . j _ profits and advantages of the middle class . Feeling therefore the importance of the subjecthe she-uR conclude by moving the . following resolution : —" That as , in . consequence of many years incessant agitation on ihe \ r . \ it of the Factory Workers and their friends to secure , efficient legisl ; * - ti \ e protection , Parliament did , at the iiiS'igntinn of auumher of mill-ovau-rs , eiiMot a Statute , commonly known by the name of Lord Althorpe ' Act ,
e-. iJeutiy to thwart the advocates . of r . ten hours ' Lill ; liiis meeting , —conscious that the attempt . now made to repeal the Factories' Ite ' nnlation . Act of lb ' 33 , and r . ubstitutv . in its place 11 bill which gives do security for tin . education of the young children , and which provides no time for the instruction of the younirer pe ^ oiis above thirteen years of age , do ar ^ ut diiihonesty as well as inconsistency on the part of the authors and nbcitovs of the present schf me who pretend , to settle the question in 18 : > : i , —resolves that the present attempt culls for the opposition of all the Iriends of the factory operatives who are desirous of protecting tue moral -iiid intellectual character , as well as tlie physical health of the children . "
Mr . James " Brooke seconded the resolution . lie sai-J this \ v ; is 110 new subject to the men of lluddensiiclJ , and iis neighbourhood . It was one which had long heeu under . their consideration , and with which they were all well acquainted , it appeared that tliu manufacturers were sick of their own measure , ' . and v . t-re anxious to get rid of it ad suon as they could . The present Factory Act w ; : s pnssed with the view of wearying the country out of the Factory Question ahc' -ethcr ; the orieinutors of it thought it would be wholly im ] iracticaUe ; and that ihe people , becoming tired ofits i-fl ^ cts upon them , would join in a call iur its repeal , and that tLu ? , in a very few years , the > ystem would be alloweJ to go on as it had hitherto done . ^ H ; - \ ever , the manufacturers had been caught
" ; n their own trap : raid they were now calling uiion P : irli : « nent to l > we them " at-liberty to-do as tliey inense . ( Hoar , hear . ) They wore all wtll aware tiiat unless some restrictions wit . ' pl . - ieeU upon tbe liniirs of l . ibi . iir . with our present ii-. j , roved mnchim-ry . the wi . ole fabric of society would crumble into ruins , by which we ' should he involved in the ' most complete v . retcliedneis . ( IVenr , hear . ) It was as plainly evident a .- ; that two and two make four , that if the hours of labour were not restricted , over production would be tlie consequence ; over produrtion would glut the innrkets ; and tlie necessary consequence of-irlutted Tiiarliets would be a reduction in tbd amount of wages ; for tlie manufacturer not being able to _ get a remunerating price for hid goods , he must consider huhe
' w can L'el the sauvj goods produced for less money , and he then invariably thinks of doing so by lowering the wages of tlie workman . Wages being reduced , the workman is less able to purchase the productions of manufacture , while the same productions are considerabl y increased ; and thus the system was cutting two ways . Thousands of work people would , in consequence , starve to death ; and , in the end , it would work upon the vitals of capitalists themselves , and a general bankruptcy would be the consequence . Now , if the manufr . cturjrs and the aristocracy were at all alive to their own interests , they would come forward and assist the people in putting the system of manufacturers upon snch a basis as would ensure the prosperity and the good of the community at
large . Instead of doing this , however , government was about to alter the present bill . A combination was formed among the manufacturers of Lancashire to destroy every thing- valuable , "both in the present act and in the draft now before Parliament . This combination was established ch efly at Manchester , and the parties had their committees in different parts of the two counties . Their object was to send a deputation to London , to state the case ; and , it the working people were not alive to their own interests , the manufacturers . would succeed in . accomplishing their own purposes , uhd in destroying even the educational clause of the present draft , lie regretted that in consequence of the expense it would incnr , the poor people could not also have their
deputations in London , as well as the manufacturers ; and if the factory labourers were thrown in the ciise , that , he believed , would principally bn the cause . If such were the fnte of their applications for redress , it would only afford an additional proof that the present legislature legislates only for the wealthier classes of society , while they entirely f 6 r * get the poor . ( Hear , hear , " and cheers . ) The * resolution was unanimously carried . Mr . R . Buchanan then proposed the second resolut ion , in the absence of Mr . Oast ! er , wlio was to have proposed it , but was prevented from l . ein ^ present in consequence of severe illness . He snia this question had been reasoned so often , and the advocates of a Ten Ilunrs * Bill had brou gh t the question so often before the public , prothicTn" - the estoi
D ^ reasons on the grounds of political economy mortality , and justice , which bad Lever been refuted ' that it was unnecessary for him to ' enter ' iiito the question . Ten hours labour per day were more than sufficient for any human being ; espaeiauy consideri-ig the improvements of machinery , which ought to Lave materially diminished fae " hours ol labour . Instead , however , of this being the case , the hours of labour had been increased ; and therefore the only means which could by any possibility secure to the productive classes of society any amount of profit ,, was by restricting the hours oj labour . By this restriction , competition iu labour would be reduced ; ani wages . would cons ^ quen tly be raised . A Ten Hours' Bill ought , therefore , to be
passed to the laboururs , and the country at large derive some profit frommacbinery . 11 Vasb y . nomenrts fair that the great manufacturers should gain ail the profits arising from mechanical discoveries , g nd make slaves of the thousands that labour , ilacuinPr raade goods cheaper ; then competition ennueJ , and the cons-quence of this was that the rood manufacturer , in order to prevent hinlselffrum oein " rained , was obliged to oppress as well as the ha f . It had been calculated that it" the population of this CTeat empire spent but one balfpeuny each per clav , it would be equal to nil the foreign trad- wfech poubca . 1 economists make so miich r . oisH about . ( Hear , hear . ) Dr . Chalmers , one of the greatWt political economists known in the . . present dfty had said that if England were surrounded with a wall of adamant , she would be pcrf .-cUy aUe to liVtf upon her ov ? n resources . ( Hear , hear . ) There was quite
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sufficient 10 the kingdom to support all and make all comfortable .. . Mr . Buchanan then adverted to the question of Negro Slayerjyin comparison with . What inight be terme 4 ; - 'tfjUte ; $ Iw ^ y . ^ d ' ''' ^ 4 ' i ! ; ^ '* many manafacturers looked in . the inirrpr by jwhicli theyjudged of the planter ?;^ many bfikhem Would find a good reflection oil their own image . ( Hear , " 'hear , and loud cheera . ) He was as much opposed to . slavery ^ asanyvain ; but he hated that one-sided , view of human nature which oould shed crocodile tears at the horrors of the poer Negro , while from Monday morning till Saturday ^ night they could exercise and perpetuate a aystem of , slavery little , short of that perpetrated in the W ^ st Iftdies . V YHear . and ldnd officieiit ldp ^ lOTa ^ upSrTp ^ n ^ <»™ o !» We ^ - ^
cheers . ) He would recommend then that no alteration of the present act be sanctioned , except it were for a ten hours'bill ; and he therefore proposed his resolution , wbfch Was to the effec ( t"That an efficient ten hours '; biU Was too only means of restoring peace to the country , and that Uie present act be enforced until a ten hours'bill can be obtained . The ReViWitLiisi > YpoD seconded . -the fesolutian . He made an excellent speech in which he adverted to the questions of Negro Slaverj' , contrasted with the population of our mannfapturine districts , the boasted reform bill , and the disappointment it had caused . He advocated in the wannest possible manner the necessity for a ten hours' bill . He stated
that he had for sohie years had ppportunities of gaining information ^ respecting factories , and he knew it to be a fact that aman got more wages Wlien he worked with whit they called " Tommies and Billies" which did not usually contain more than 50 spindles , than he could now : earn with machines containing above 100 apindles . ( Hear , hear , and shame , shame . ) He cordially Seconded the resolution . The petition and * remonstrance were then r , ead to and approved by the meeting ; that to the Lords to De . pws « nfed by Earl Stanhope , and that to the Commons by Mr . Fieldeh . After a few words from Mr . Pitkethley , who read some important extracts from the factory reports , the meeting separated , about ten o ' clock .
Untitled Article
HUDDERSFIELD . WHIG METHOD OF CAKRYING THE POOR LAW AMEND
• MENT ACT . . On Monday last , a meeting of the Guardians of the Huddersneld Union was held in the Court-house , and , as far as laiiguage can describe the scene which occurred , we shall place the proceedings before our readers . Eleven o ' clock was the hour appointed for commencing business . The unconstitutional Guardians ( for by that name we must d _ esignate tlie Whigs ) took their places before the tiinp . The . constitutional Guardians arrived in a body at eleven o ' clock precisely . Upon the appearance of the latter , the unconstitutionaliflts saw that defeat was inevitable . A Mr . Sydney Moorhouse was hastily thrust into the chair ; when he instantly proceeded to read from a book the names of the
Guardians in a tone inaudible even to those who g ( . ool within twoyardspfhiin . He ran through the list as quick as n goose could gabble , not waiting for a single answer . Thia . cereinony being over , he , or some of the -unconstitutio'nalists , moved that the ineeting stand adjourned to that day fortnight . He never attempted to put the question to the vote , but was about to leave the bench with the minute -book , when one of the constitutional Guardians seized ir . Hereupon a scene which cannot well be described took place . TlieAVhigs were dragf-ing one way , with a saintly looking person like a reporter assisting them ; whik the Radicals held their ground , iitsisUiig , not that they . . should have thebook , but that Mr . Moorhouse
should not leave the court with it . Previously to the book being seized , we should observe , that Mr . Cpolte was unaiiimpusly voted to the chair , and Mr . Moorhouse was ejected ; and the Constitutional Guardians insisted upon proceeding with the husiue * s , for vvhich many had come a long distance . After the scuffle-hatllasted for a short time , the spectators became enraged , and with one general rush were proceeding to take the bench by stormy when M r . l'Vargus OTounor made his way through the crowd , rushed to the thickest part of the fight , and succeeded in rescuing the boPK from the hands of the belligerents ,: and restoring perfect order . A ioug unpnifitHble , and angry discussion now took place , which ended in a proposition to reiustafe Air .
Moorhouse in the chair , and to proceed with the business ; the offer was indignantly rejected , however , but the reader muat understand why . It was rejected , then , because the Ex-Oj / icios were absent , and the Whigs saw the certainty of defeat . And thus , by as insolent , mean , shabby , and illegal an attempt , as ever wan practised , they endeavoured to cfiectby stratagem , What they failed to acccornplish by legal means . After some idle boasting , the " discomfited Guardians left the bench iu dudgeon ;" when the constitutionalists proceedfd to the business of the dny with much propriety , decotum , aud impartiality . It was their business to decide upon all the disputed elections , which they did by disposing of those cases which were supported by documentary
evidence , and the evidence of the parish officers ; and whenever this evidence wasinsufneient , they appointed a coinun ' ttee of seven , according to the Commissioners' instructions , to hear evidence , and to decide uccordingly . In order to prove that the cpns'titu'tiounl Guardians had muck the advantage of their opponents , it is only necessary to siiy , that instead ot seating three of their own friends ( which in our opinion they might with justice have done ) they reservod the cases for tLe committee in order that the opposing parties should have an opportunity of meeting the several charges . Kay , more , they appointed a committee which consistedof fourwho said the cases were doubtful and of three who would seat the Devil to carry the
law . The board then proceeded to dispose of the remaining business . 1 hey rescinded a ' former resolution making the Leeds mercury and the Halifax Exi / wss the eniy advertising mediums of the board ; and substituted the Leeds . Intelligencer , Leeds Times , and Northern Star in their stead . When the business of the day was concluded , Mr . Hurst , ( one of the Guardians . ) submitted an able and powerfully convincing pet ition to the Houses of Lords and Commons , showing the defects of the whole Poor Law measure , and praying for its repeal ; ' Which petition was signed by twenty threu Guardians present . This fact will best illustrate the shabby attempt of the Whigs to adjourn , harrass and disgust the workin ^ -men-Guardians , who cam& from a distance .
The Board consists of forty Guardians , and four Government Ex-OJ / ido tools . One of the constitutional Guardians was absent ; three have not yet been seated ; making , with the twenty-three who signed the petition , twenty-seven opposed to the act , and only seventeen , with rubbish and all , supporting it ; So great was the indignation of the Guardians of the out-townships , that they met at the New Inn immediately after the business was over , and entered into a subscription , and paid their monies down , to cover all expenses likely to Occur in support of their cause ; and they bound themselves solemnly to attend when called . / upon , in order to meet the machinations of the enemy . As a proof that the Whigs , have disgusted those who were waver ing , two Guardians who were before friendly
to the Bill joined the Radicals , saying that there must be " mcm ' ui wrong when men would do like that to carry it . " We now thr ? w d . own the gauntlet , and we defy all the" bloody , Whigs " and shuffling journalists , to throw the odiuin off their party . The Whigs were loud and copious in their expressions < sf trratitude to Mr . O'Connor for having saved their lives . Mr . O'Connor did express himself warmly in disapprobation of the inpde in which the business was conducted ; he restored the book to Mr . Moorhouse ; but not wishing to shrink : from responsibility , he hereby declares , that had lie been a guardian , he would have lost his life , ratter than allow so insulting and overbearing an indignity to be pllered to tlie poor of the township , as was attempted by the uucondtitutioriaiists .
Untitled Article
Hidden Treasure . ——On Friday , as some workmen Were employed in pulling down an old house in St . Margaret ' s-streetj Rochester , belonging to- Mr . tdgcoci ; , grocer , one of them found in the brickwork of the chimney a Wash-leather bag , containing 153 pieces of silver coin , of various sizes and thickness , some of them no bigger than a sixpence , and others as broad as a half-crewn . Some of them are of . the reigri of Philip and Mary , bearing the date 1554 ; others bear the names of Elizabeth ,
James , Edward VI ., and Charles ; and the weight of the whole is one pound and a half . The bag is as fresh in colour and appearance as when it was first deposited in the place in which it must have been concealed for near tw «> hundred years . Inside the bag 13 a small pocket , probably intended as a receptacle for gold . The workman who found it very honestly delivered it to Mr . Hedgcock , who , as soon aS he has ascertained the value of the coin intends rewarding : him accordinslv . —— TCenfixh intends rewarding him accordingl . ——Kentish
y Observer . , ' CuiiiQTJS , CiBCtJMSTANCE . — -The following curious circumstance happened to i person named Lennard , a journeyman smith , in the employ of Mr . Green , coach-builaer , of Hawkhurst : —JEarly in the month of January , 1837 , while Lerinard was walking and smoking apipe of , tobacco , he had occasion to jump over a hedge arid ditch , and in doing so he fell backwards and broke his pipe , a piece of which w ^ ent down his threats ;• He , in consequence , immediately went to a medical man , who used his utmost
skill to remove it , but without success . Curious enough , however , on Monday , while LennardI' was ' y ' ng . on his back under acarriage , screwing up some wopk , he commenced couching , and brought up the piece of pipe into his mouth , which he has now in his possession . It is about half 'an " inch long , with a sharp edge at one end ; During the time it has been in his thi-oat he has notfelt any pain , but had a continual sensation of noise , like the buzzingv of a bee , which caused him much anxiety , as he was under an impression that death " would ensue from it . —Sussex Exuress .
Untitled Article
THE DEATH O F LU C Y AS HT O N ; . ¦ ¦ .- ; . ,,., ¦; . ; . " ¦; . . ¦' ; . . v ; : pji , \ . " . . ¦;¦ ; \ - - , . ' - ^ . v ' . ' THE FACTOBY GIRL'S LAST HOUR . Respectfully inscribed to the Rev . J . R . Stephens , ByBxfcrlDibb , WharfdaleFoet .: Oh ! mother , { dear mother , what bright scenes h * re crept , O ' er my young stricken heart , as I tranquilly slept : . . But now , all seems dark , and with sadness o ' eicast , Oh ! I sigh for the visions afpiin that are past ! Those sweet strains of music , still faintly do fall , And methinkjj that I hear a bright seraph now call ! I come ! from the darknesjs and silence ofnight ; And will join the glad chorus with heav ' nljr delight . Oh t mother , dear motheT , smile , smile on your child , Though my poor eyes are sunk , and my aspect is wild ; For I teel the deep anguish , of me is now past , ¦ And a mantle of glory aronud me is cast !
' Tis true , I have snffer'd from tyranny rf stroke . And tttQtVvet , -tive Ivtast o ? ¦ pwsi \ jaty is bToke -. But their crnelty ' spass'd , and in youth ' s earljr bloom , Oh ! calmly 1 sink m my premature tomb ! Oh . ! mother , dear mother , in me ' rey forbear , ¦ And cast from your eye-lids the sorrowful tear ; My flight is to Heav ' n , —but a fainthess cornea on , And soon will the spirit of Lucy be gone ! List , list , ' tis the . music of Heav ' n that I hear , And angela in all their bright splendour appear ; See ! they beckon poor Lucy to mansions abore Where all is encircled with heav ' nly love 1
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Coijj , aih > Qnxvix .-T-frj , cbltep ^ the' ^ i money « rf a ; natibav wdjgwxuj ^ a ^ r itrffi ^ S ' t we haTe shows kmMsiiy £ . raoaarch xcay ^ i ^^ Br ; Collectingia 13 LA 9 iqoney . is the ftate arid i ^ r notes , it may be easy for a tank to do « T ^ thing . ; By collecting but juM , and ; iss ^ g S e « joal to ^ wiqe ihe other hal ^ it will render' tfittSS currency of less active . ^ yalue-by one-fourth ' : ^ pure metal , in this case / is the com ; tie sIUt ' - * t credit of the ban ^ , ; whether ^ feu ' ndea upon Bnblin ^ prirate f ^'—Smite &iefestf ^ ty ™^ i <* Satisf ^ ctok ^ An § wers .- ; a gentleman w u was at Idle a few days ago , a stranger to th ^ phW accosted a . labounag jnan , and pointing tC ^ yv | where four meet , ask ^ : him ' where it led to ? a ^ was answered « why d . own there . " He then inb ^ red where the opposite one went to ? and tho Jr ?" was " upthere . ^ . : : anct ^ f ^ Singular ADyEBTisEMENT . —From th * n hama Gazette ( of ) 8 tlx June , 1826 . - ( Th 6 originator ; itmaybe , of Tee-to-tai . ; am v - s ;
1 . -S ?^ S subscriber , . thrpngh . the pernioL habit of dnnkmg , has greatly hurt himself , in x ^ and person—and rendered . himself odious to aUbi acquaintance ; and finding there is nb po ^ ihuitv 7 breaking ^ off frpro . the said practice , but through th impossibility to find liquor , he , therefore bf »? and prays , that no persoawill sell him , for ' moniT ° . ° * t ™ ft , anysort of spirituous" ( or other ^ inebS ting ) hquors ; as he will not in future pay for it but will prosecute any one for action of damages against the Temporal , and Eternal interests of& Public ' s humble , serious , and sober servant ^
JAMES QHAlMER ^ . Witness—William Andrews Nassau , 8 th June , 1826 . ; ¦ National Munificence— The receipt ( ai stated several years ago ) of the various llelieioos institutions at their several anniversaries , held h London ; viz . by the Bible , Missionary , and Tract Societies , for a single year , amounted to £ 259 967 lls . 6 d . ' Jerusalem . —Among , various ceremonies ol
served here at Easter , is one on the evening of Good Friday , in the church Of the Holy Sepulchre , buUt on _ Mount Cflyary ; when the lights are extia . gui 8 hed the image of our Saviour is represented pn the cross , taken down , laid in a sheet , and anointed - after which each monk holds in his hand a lighted torch , and all of them singing proceed in proeessibn with the body , and deposit it in the sepulchre , whU is m the middle of the church . —Rae Wilsm's Boh Land . "
• Distinguishing Features oe the Aristo . cracy . —Some time since wehreatrastedat an hotel * and were honoured with the company of a youh ? nobleman , who from his extraordinary method of feeding himself , excited our curiosity , so far as to induce us to ask what his name was , and were foU that he was my Lord M—— . Five other pas ^ en-i en breakfasted at another table , three of whom hadieft the room when we put our question , and one of tie remaining two upon hearing the name of a lord tur
ned swiftly round , and said—TrVhat he whu sat heref to which he nodded assent . "Whereupuii our inquisi . tive friend immediately slapped his friend smartlr upon the shoulder , observing , " I ) idn ' t I tell yon that he was a nobleman Or some distinguished , person . '' And then turning to the waiter , observed " " waiter , you mean the person " who sat at my right . " u No , " replied the waiter , '' that was ' to lord ' s servanf , my lord sat at this table . " It wai a sickener .
Sheridan ' s last Guinea . —In Sheridan ' i latter days he was rather pushed for resources , and upon one occasion he left London for Dunstable , ia quest of a country manager , in the hope of effecting the sale of a little piece . He had supplied the placi of . his watch with the proceeds , which was one guinea , and having slept at Dunstable , after break fast he called for his -hill and on putting his finger and thumb into his fob in search of his last friend
he discovervd that though the watch was gone , then was still symptoms of tick , as the guinea was al « gone . He immediately recollected that the boots had taken his trowsers to brush , when , he ordered the waiter to send him in , and thus accosted hin with a knowing wink , " Bbpt s / N 0 . 4 bedrooni . light grey trowsers , small fob , and guinea at the bottom \ take my bill , pay it , and bring me the changf , The boots obeyed the order .
Husband Hunting , - ^ " Now Jane" said Mn Colonel "Wrigsby , turning te one of her girls , " What w ' -. it ?" - _ " I came to ask , Ma , whether I migti dance with the youngest Mr . Cra-. vley , " Whispered the prettier and younger of the two . ' :- ¦ " Jane , hor can you think of such a thing ! " replied the mamma , indignantly . " Haven ' t you heard that he has oulj eight hundred a-yeaT , which dies with him ? l ^ a
ashamed of you . Not on any account . " ^ Ma . " whisperedthe other , who was much older than h sister , and very insipid and artificial . . ' .. " Lord Mt tanhead has been introduced to me , I . said I i / iou ^ t I wasn ' t engaged , ; Ma . " " You ; are a sweet ps , my love , " replied Mrs . Colonel Wriuisby , tappuj her daughter's cheek with her fan , ^ and are a ) wa n ; to be trusted . He ' s immensely rich , my dear , Wh you . " :
Domestic Economy . — The Boston He ' ra ' l has the following infallible recipes : —To Make ft —Play at'blindman's buff in a printing-office . Id have Music at Dinner—Tell your wi . fe ^ he is M so handsome as the lady who lives across the war . To save Butter—Make it so salt that nobody ci eat it . . '¦ Cost of a "Watch . —During the war of 17 % a sailor went into a watchmaker's shop in-the d % and handing out a small French watch to the inm
nious artist , demanded how much the repairs wonli come to . The watchmaker looking at it , said itvr oul cost him more in repairs than the original purchase "ph . ! if that is all , I don ' t mind that , " replied til sailor , "I will even give double the " originalcKt , for I have a veneration for the watch . " : Wtai might you have given for it ? ' ! inquired the watct maker . " Why , " said Jack , twitching his .. trou ' seis , I'' I gave a French fellow a knock on the headfoi it 5 and if you'll repair it , I !! give you two . "
Jack Vincent and Jack Tar . —On one occasion , he ( Lord St . Vincent ) found a sailor lying drunk in the street in Gibraltar , and endeavoured very good humouredly to rouse him . " What sbip do you belong to , sailor ? " said the admiral ^ What ^ s that to you ? replied the tar , without rauing his eyes to see who it was that addressed him .-¦ " Come get up , and go on board your ship . " " Xo , I shan ' t , for if I goes on board drunk that -old rnsd will hang me . " ¦ " What old rascal do you mean ?" said the admiral . " Why , old Jack to be sure . " Lord St . Vincent well knew this was , his soubritjvt in the Fleet , and he went ^ ^ away highly aniusti y giving orders that the poor sailor should be taken care of . —Memoirs of Lord St . Vincent .
The American . Ladies . —At the ladies' celfbfation of the 4 th of July , at-Barre , Mas . saebu . sseB , there were 900 of the fairest portion of Heareni creation present . Among the toasts were— "OU bachelors—may they lie alone , on a bed of nettle , sit alone , on a wooden stbolj eat alone , on a woodes trencher , and be their Own kitchen-maids . " ' . V'li * dustry to the young ladips of Barre , who . alwajs want to be engaged . " " Matrimoiiy—the triith ana essence of life . " " Love at horne , utility abroad , and consistency afc all times , and in all conditions . ' ¦ " The old bachelor , like the thornhedge , neither blossoms nor fruits , to rendtr it useful or ornamental , but a « courge to all creatures . "
Sermonising . —The Rev . Sydney Smith , . in the pf ^ face to . / a volume of sermons , condemning the prosy nature of sermons in general , says , " they ^* written as if sin was to be taken put of a man * lit * Eve out of Adam , by putting him into a slumber . Description of a Gentleman . —A provifl ' cial journal thvisdesfcribesi .. " a swindler who' ^ M imposing upon persons in its heig hbonfhood : — :. ^ is a man of gentlemanly address , about five »« eleven inches . in hei ght , has a peculiar castin g left eye , of a forbidding countenance , and shabDiij dressed in black . ' -
'¦ A , SMAiL : MlSTAki ! . ^ A ; genaeroan who hadj * go to hi" wine-eellarj lit a candlfr for tbat , pT ^«| f > and walked down his own throat . He . did n ^ -T cover his error idU the candle was blown ont 0 / v » wind on his stomach ., ; > V A Dif ^ icultt . — " Dick . " said a master tojbtf servant , « hare you fed the pigs ? ' ^ " tes >^! me fed um . M " Did you count thevt ^ iflf ^ u , raas 8 a , me count ' em , all hut oie- ' V but one ?? «< Yes , massa , all hut one—dare $ ? , « " httile : speckled pig , he frjsk about so mwo ^ eouWn't couBit hirfl . ' ^ -- Jy « p ; Jfor& ; J ^ per ^ H ^ . A JoNATHANiSM ^—A cat , beiongi ^ to * 1 ?* J sat lately upon half-a-dozen duck eggs , ^ n 4 ^ ,.
fined her attentiona wtil -ihe « ggs W « re ^ »^ ^ and there is now to be eeeai fine T > foo 3 , © f g * I _ & , ones , half duck : and half eat , having duel ? - « T »> and cat ' s tails and , what is aiisre Wl ** *^ 7 mew and quack alternately . . : ¦ ¦ ¦ :- ¦ ¦ : / : / : '' - _ i * ¦ ¦ AUTHQRS AND PuBLISHEJlS .- ^ Asthe ^ gC *!^ nothing but the smo \ e of their ejfierfngs , ^ ^ pr iesHis the meat , so anthdra * ffct Jh <* fa * * r ° ^ # «| ia booksellers the profit of their works ; theB «*» . % , oue are tickled , and the stomachs of the othew ** rr
Untitled Article
Rationale of Advertising . — "We copy the following from that popular periodical Chambers ' Journal , which , as it does not devote any portion of its columns to advertisements , m ^ iy be considered as unbiased in its opinions on the subject r ^— Advertising is an expedient for obtaining business by no means generally practised . Many tradesmen are deterred by the expense ; some have no faith in
its efficacy ; others think it a mark of second-rate status in business , and therefore more apt- to be injurious than otherwise . On the other hand , some Tradesmen make a system of advertising , planting every kind of periodical , from the daily newspaper to the quarterly review , with specifications of their anxiety to serve the public , and of the merita of the articles in which they deal , and evidently spending a considerable sum of money yearly in this way The unconcerned reader and the less acute
tradesman , struck by the frequency of these appeals for business , are apt to suppose that he who makes them must be less under the infiuence of wisdom than of folly , and a good deal of a pretender or a quack into the bargain . There may even be" a class who make a principle of disbelieving and . disregarding all such appeals , and , like the Irishman , when much entreated to come , the more they won't come . Yet the regular discharge of advertisements keeps up nevertheless , and the trader mu < t evidently find it serviceable uporf the whole . It may be -worth while to communicate to young tradesmen the ideas of an old one on this subject—they are simply and
briefly as follows : —The first utility of frequent and regular advertising consists in this : th ^ re is at all times a large class of persons , both in country and town , who have no fixed places for the purchase of certain necessary articles , and are ready to be swayed and drawn towards any particular place which is earnestly brought undtr their notice . Indifferent to all , they yield without hesitation to the first who asks . Then , in the country , a considerable number of persons , * who wish a supply of the article advertised , and do not know of any particular place where it is to be got , being thus furnished with the address of a person who can supply them ,
naturally open a communication with that address , which perhaps leads to much ulterior business . People in the country are also liable to be favourably impressed by the frequent sight of a name . in the newspaper . The advertising party acquires distinction in their eyes , and thus they are lied , jn making a choice , to prefer-Aim .- But by far the most important effect of advertising is one of an indirect nature . It conveys the impression that the party—pretending or not pretending , quackish or not (| uackish—is anxious for' \ business . One who is anxious for business is unavoidably supposed to be an industrious , attentive , civil person , who keeps the best of articles , at the cheapest rate , does every thing in the neatest and most tradesman-like
manner , and in general uses every expedient to gratify and attach customers . People of course like to purcliase under those circumstances , and the system of advertising assuring them that such circumstances exist at this particular shop , they select accordingly . Such are opinions of the old tradesman alluded to , and they are certainly supported by facts ; for wherever an extensive and regular system of advertising is practised , and no back-drawing or uncon ^ querable circumstances exist , it is usually seen to be attended With a considerable share of success , One feature in the philosophy of the subject must be carefully attended to . A faint and unfrequent system of advertising does not succeed , not even in proportion . ' Drink deep or taste notthe . Peirian spring . '" ¦ ' ¦ ' - . ¦ ¦ '¦
The Barn Owl . —If this useful bird caught its food by day , instead of hunting for it by night , mankind would have oceular demonstration of its utility iu thinning the country of mice ; and it would be with us what the ibis was with the Egyptians . When it has young , it will bring a mouse to the nest about every twelve or fifteen minutes . But , in order to have a proper idea of the enormous " quantity of mice which this bird destroys , we must examine the pellets which it ejects from its stomach in the place of its retreat . Every pellet contains from four to seven skeletons of mice . In sixteen months from the time that the apartment of tbe owl on . the old gate-way was cleaned out , there has been a deposit of above a bushel of pellets . — Waterton's Essays .
The Use of a Hat . —It ought to be known as generally as possible , that a man ' s hat will serve in most cases as a temporary life-preserver , to persons in hazard of drowning , by attending to the following directions : —When a person finds- himself in or about to be in , the water , let him lay hold of his hat between his hands , laying the crown close under his chin , and the mouth under the water . By this means the quantity of air contained in the cavity of , the hat will be sufficient to keep the h ^ ad above water for several hours , or until assistance can be rendered .
The Northamptonshire Poet . —Thomas Miller was a basket-maker , in Elliott ' s-row , Whitechapel , for a long time living in the most abject state of poverty . Sitting between an apple-stall woman and an oyster-stall , did he offer his wicker baskets for sale ; yet there , amidst the grossness of accumulated masses of ignorance and vice , ' did the indwelling spark silently work through his blood and brain , and the unquenchable fire of genius blaze Out laughingly . The first man who took him by the hand was the then proprietor of the Monthly Muguzine , in which he wrote , and received a few shillings for his contributions . One day , as he was
cowering over the small embers of his d ying fire , without a penny in the house , working at a job of two baskets , for which he was to receive five shilings a gentleman entered the room ( it was the editor of Friendship's Offering , ) and asked him if his name was Miller . " Then , " said he , ^ ' 1 want you . to write something for me , I can't promise to accept it ; but if you will send it to me I will see what can he done . " Miller rather hesitated ; but he asked him if he was not in great distress , and threw down half-a-crown to relieve him . On his departure Miller sent hvs wife out for a pennyworth of paper , a pennyworth of ink , and a peni and
two pounds of rump steaks . The paper was brought , and , by the light of the fire , he wrote the beautiful poem of the " Fountain . " " Here * , " said Miller , " is a beautiful poem , but dang it if I . think that ere chap can appreciate it . " He folded the poem , however , and wafered it with apiece of bread . We forgot to say that , when he sat down to the poem , the two baskets he had to finish , and for which he should get five shillings , occurred to him . " Wicker against Literature ^ " said he , and finished the baskets first . The next day the gentleman called , told him he thought the pOem beautiful , and threw down two guineas on the table . Miller had never before possessed such a sum , and his delight aiid astonishment may well be conceived ; H « actually
barred the door that night , lest he should be robbed . Th& gentleman engaged him to write another and another . Poems were written , and guineas flowed in ; Fortune seemed , at last , to smile upon thepoet . Hi « rise upwards has been very great . The Countess of Blessington , of whom he speaks in the highest terms , used to send for him ; and there , after sitting with herj Bulwer , DTsraeli , and with his feet on the Turkey carpet , he had to fun down to Waterloo-bridge , or some suoli place , to :-sell baskets ! -The coiinttiss ( bless her heart for it !) used to endeavour to make him accept money , which te steadily refused ; but one day she- "backed him to the door , and , as she got him outeide , extended her hand , ^ Good bye , Miller ; when she relinquished her grasp he foun'd three sovereigns in his hand . Mr . Miller is justly proud of his rise , and does not now ape the gentleman , or despise his former \ ovr \\ n 683 .--Natbnal Magazine .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 12, 1838, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1005/page/6/
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