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OXMlVUIVPUlin^JV f'fJii^ '¦•¦¦•• ¦>*i'/PMBfOi»*'»«-*xr^«•" TrtfrKT''W^ia^u^t^^ f iArPOiti^M 1 10 EVEitY MaiS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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T % itD ay is Pab'ishtd , front , a utat CvppzrfliU E' / gruving , Price Fuurpeucey A SECRET SYSTEM OF WRITING . ^ L which is ca pable of ENDLESS VARIATIONS , and is sv simple that it may be uuderworf by aay inaa in FIVE MINUTES ! In tbe present turbulest timea , when no man ia safe , eren in hi * correspondence , the present plan of Private Comtaunication is invaluable , aatl o u ^ tt * to be in the possemion of every man . It ia eo staple tbatanj person may leirn ic in five rnioutes , whtiaer be can write in tbe ordinary way or not . Published soleiy by Abel Hey wood , CO , Oldaam Street , Maucheater , and may be aad at the Norther Star Oftce .
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Wk INSOLVENT'S STOCK , bov , g ^ t by W . » . Gbeooby , « f 60 , Bnggate , whieii he is now SELLING OFF , at 20 per C « nt . b « lov » cost lv * 5 \\ fT " LAcE » HOSIERY . BA . BERi ) ASHERY , &c , &c ., ic . W . GBEG 0 BY take * this Opportunity of nturnrag bin sincere Thanks f ) hw Friends and th » Public , for tbe very liberal Support he has reesived , an 4 hopes , by keeping good Articles and 3 eUjD K at the Very lowe t Price , , he shall insure a Continuance of thfarkind Favour * .
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\/ BLINDNESsT MR . CHILD , Jun ., who has been performiB * such extraordinary cures in Halif « , Manchtster , a » d tho North of England , b * gs to announw ^ u Intention of ^ gaJB visiriD ^ the following Towm viz . Hull , 10 , Ma . on Street , Monday , Tuesday Wetnesday , Thursday , &th , tkb , ? tb , »; h AukqM Ooaeaater , Kara Idb , Friday , 9 th August Sheffield , Yellow Lioa , Haymarfce- , Saturday , MonJ » x 10 th , 12 tb August . Barnsley , Kiug'n Heid , Tueik day , Thursday , 13 th , 15 th August . \ Yaktfi-lcL New Elephant Ibn , Friday , lgih ' Ausjusi ; . Ler-daT Gnftin Ian , West Bar , Monday , Tuesday , IDih , Mr : C . will renew his visits erery Eight "We ? k » Adviceffratis . Hours of Attendance from 10 to 4 .
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JfUS C PUBLISHED , THE PEOPLE'S CRY F BECAUSE OF OPPRESSION , bein-c tfa » bub * tauce of a SERMON preached by the Ber WiLL'AM E = Si . ER , of Stockp ^ at the L Opeaiug of a Chapel ir . Stalybridge , in Connec-i >» wi ' . h thd Rev . J . B . STEPHENS , June 3 a , 1839-as Imported by William Griffin , an Operative Painter . Stockport : Pablisljed and Ssld by Wm , Gripfiw ,. Arden Pool . Ail Bookseller * nsay be supplied by sendiua ^ e him .
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p ^ 2 a K 3 Hl » E IDIST&XCi 1 BiUSX . THE . 6 « ner « l BOARD ot DIRECTORS baying declared a D 1 V 1 D £ NJD for th * Half Yea * ending the 30 ch June la . « , at ths Rate of Eight per Ont . per Annum , the same will be payable ob . MOXXIAY , the 18 : h In-t ., m the Head Office ot Branches , as nuy be most convenient fur the SbaM > - uolder * . In order to prepare the Rvidend Warr . ' . nts , tb » Tra'ifcfer Book-t will be . closed from this Date uutfl tho Dividend \* pay aVu * . By Order of tbe Board , JAMES SCARTH , General Manager . Leeds * . August 2 , 1839 .
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adensioe Sute «/ VuluubU Woslien Machinery Dyeing Vessels , Finishing Utensil * , Power Looms-T Farming S ( ucA , tye . TO BE SOLD BY AUuTION , B 7 ME . JOBS UNCA 6 TEB , On tb © Premises , at Spring Head , in SaddWortk , in tbe County of York , lately occupied by Mwsr * . Taylor , Son , and Gihs » n , Mtrc-h-ints and Manul faeturers , on WEDNtsaAY , Thursday , Fjhdat ,. ami Saturday , the 14 ta , 15 th . 16 ih , a n * 1 T& © 'ava of Auguat , L 83 D , At Tsh o'C'lock in the Morning of * a « & Day prccitiefyi
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the onui of disproof on the defeodwit . Authorities were referred to , and the Judge robmitttd hi * opilioa to that of tbe It arced counsel . Mr . Lorett—Then , my Lord ,, I will address tbe jorr . In presuming to defend my concoct in my owa person , nod taiisg upon ayaelf . the rt-spaiwiirilitf of those trrors t ^ &t iasy possibly arise froni aj ignorance of che f ^ -rms and technicalities of i&w I iha . U rely on the juries of your Loid > h \ p and . the iniulgwice of this Court , For , jb Uking this ntpp , I Am influenced by & cons dera . t 5 on of tbe dutr I ore to timge I have been acting with , especially after whit to- * place on my examination before the azgis rates of Birmingham , snd not to any feeling * of perwnal vanity , or want of resp ^ ct ' to the gentle , t een of tb- _ pWrM ? ion I see around me . Thuf situated , acd wi : b every Oe ^ ire to av oid" offence , 1 tras : yoa will orerlesk any little irregularities in the manner of rtraung my case , or in defenainR whai I t itfOBUiofiispraofonihe ^ fcndMit . fmthnririni
conceive to tre pnbic right and peblic justice . L there is asj princi ple of justice * till left , which wa . * wont to duno gasii our forefather * , it it the loud ad f uneral express-on of public opinion against public ntragt aid public wrong . It had eter bete the bosst , and I trust will ever remain the areat eha .. T » cteru-t 5 c of English freedom , tc « all must sub mil to tae who l esome scrutiny and ehandscmeBt ' public opuuon , whether lie offerer be Prince or peasant , whether he be armrd wii wealth , or invests with power . Pubbc opinion u the great " tribunal oi jnstic- to which tfe ? poor and the oppressed appeai when wealth and power have denied them jnsdee ; and , my L ^ rd , it i * far directing public attention to flagr&n : and u-vpu attacs- * upon public liberty , for calling the public opinion of the country to witness the fact of consti .-jtional rig X * asd public liberty hiring be « i outraged by ' men , or under tbe t aniaan or
iBthoHrr or r— t-n . who sro rvresn ^ -iwd « k , ^ - = enj w 30 are pregti-nt-d to b * the guardians and protector * of our libertie * . tiiat I am bro-j ^ -i " . is a . orient sd befor < - yon . ( ilr . Lorett he-e r < rad the re « slclion < and eommeDted en them , cjctcciiag tbit under tbe circumstances of tbe ca- * e be w : « warra-it ^ ia using vhe taogusge , it Iteicg eon * j «* -i : t with truth , and therefore according to law . ) Bar in order , p ? n : le : nen , to put the fac \> of the c : l « s . before ; oa , as clearly as po-eible , which led to th * per » l ^ g of those re-oiation ? whicn in tbe in ^ ictcienr are i-sa'ged as iibellons and sedinou-( and previous to directing your attention to what J eoTseeitt ! to He tbe liw of rh eu ? O > it will be ncce * - rarj to TpTtr ; : o f : e fact that duriej : tbe last t <* eive mentis ihr af . eztion of ihc- people , a ^ d more ewpeci&iiy of tbe wo-kinc clas ?? s , bu more than at
anprtViOus penoa Dees Oirerred to ike iroportaace of a Reform in the Comawps' House of PirViamcLt . Tnr «* abli « h « i c- ^ avictio'I that t ' aeif wroce * will n ? t ~ r be rtdre .-Sfd by that House a * at pr ^ ent Don * riact-i , hsj caused them to red"uDte their energies towardtbe attaiBne : ; : of : bat Reform . I wi-h not t « inform you , ' -t-CiO-e I pr * - > uine yon are ac ^ ua ^ tcd with tb- far- . ; ba : : b-y ' fcav- -mV . dird tb ^ ir w- > bt > in ths forsi of a- Ac : of Papinnirnt , eutuird a ^ Cv Peopl-VCia-ter . " cn : ? rr ihe t : tj ^ of " Cuarri . Ts , " arc ; ha : tbt .-v hr . d t > erit : o ! : ed for tha : mfasuie , v ee in
j ^ n : iDer » urpreitJ-Btec m t . ie ar . na . L cf oar cona ' - 'r . N ^ r a « rd I Uboar to ¦ wrove * . q i b- ? dy of S ; ' ^ ! ' /!! _ - »• -:. ersen that tb- CocKtiruriuu a ^ : d e * : abiisb ) r 2 s-ije of ocr country eieirH- rtcon ^ 2 e th e ri ^ bt , » f . "hassics our ! & «¦« and ame'ii n ^ oar la t tu ion * t-rcu ;' s acd hy tne inst-cmenrih' -i of public opic ' . on . " P-Vlii- opinion , " xaid L' > t ' t . John Ru 5 * eii rae other day in hi * p apcin ^ Pari . i 3 .-3 " , c % : s a- ' u-isipDrta ^ t ; for ' thf jatVes of the ' . ^ r . ri in de " . ; v > -r : ; , £ th- 'ir gJeran j ^ a ^ tneat * , thv H- ? t- * of Parliament in tb >; : 7 ceaare- , efe-: ibe 6--erpi ^ B—as the r bad oa a lutr OCCiii ^ H Sfan . in O 3-: of iDo * e rare oyportcfcii . twhei !; t- Sc erci ^ n w ^« called on to ex ^ reiie an isiiaeriee wber- there waj a re < pcvr < ihle mas ? r—
eT-n tse - < -. i * ic- -l cor . cact of tbe Sovereign wv * ina . 3 e tbt « cij' -c : of canvas . *—the raV . ec : of uibStopiaroE . ana oy -hi : uubni- o ;; nir . n—by t . - . e re-i ! t o : tbar f -b ; c op ::- ; a ; , every oce of tbeni- the Jia ^ - t > of th- iaud . tfc- >; e 33 ber , j of tb ? Hon * es of Pa-BaEfjL , -tie Sovrrei ^ n ker < e ! f wa < coc teated , ani woald rv e >! itt ? Eted , to abide . " Scch Was tbclacg ^ agr = .-f tre ^ rc-e : ary of State ; and , GciU-rmtu t >* . thr Jnrv , I vv ? i rot inform yoa rba r , in Qrd-r : u eh : t :: ic air : K'f ! ar-r ? c ? r'nbii . ? opinion in ! avo « r rt a ' - ' - pubuc nirr- 'jr ? . : c ? isec : n > t tatiois of ocr c < . EE * r \ recosrsi- < e : b ^ riebt of pohlic rceeticg , of free r .-c- ^ --« ic ^ , of p ; --rc ve-irion := t , a ~ d all our peactf .. ; inoj ^ rf ^ iri- -.--oj . Ii ; fac ^ r , one of ths liwtvvi : i » -j ou G « verr : 3—n : { Mr . Bf-utbaCTi ) ha ? poie " ^ rt . ' i-r : , a ^ 4 u-i s «' i - tj : r . \ t the t .-r . i - pf ibis fo .: c : rr rs ; ¦
nrvrr o ' . t' -ii-. ed or , ? p lnk-a . 1 ri ^ h ; or pr : v : n - ^ , b _ - by mikir . j thr rcsi " - ; frw rsct ^ j . At- \ , iiv . r- rr ei «» riy the r'trh : - > f powe-ful agita'icn mav > e > -. \ - ki ^ itirJ . thert can b-= no doubt bat ih& ! ai ! aatatiuL iikr ly tob- pr rr << avr of yuhiic beiit- 'lu—Wa ' , } : ¦ Otpnv . -j j-. - ..: -j ^ -7 c- it- * aisot , or e ? r- \ i -rj r . v :. 1 ** : ~ of : rr p-err ^ ii r : « rr , vri . i v » oe » sj ^ D th .-: S "; , "• iTr : nxifa ^ : r . e ^ - ; -and wiri , a * tbr p resent ac--it :. i hcdons , stir cp isers in p ^ gp'jj'on of scch ' j . 'ju ^ f in n-r U > p-sve ^ t , by er -tj n : ean < : it ihe : r a :.-p-os . < ., : bfrr ^ ajid con » ii :.::-r : > . ! expr ?«? i-3 n of th pub . i < win . Tbe Ltan'ed Cr-j ^ .-et hs * aiiadtd to the Ja 5 croij < .
tenaeney of iq :.- a . n : au « c ; but , Geadcnj " , J"t me mpTes * u--oa your niud * that ths people were co 3 Te- ; t with the crder ' : y . > e < n . ribia , and public espre * rio 3 of trs ^ Jr new f 8 Cd opicios . s . till the authorities in fiwe . - , fe * iine aneiKj at their gatb-riEg 5 tk-E ( j : b , asd iDcr * - £ . «! 3 u krowleige , wajiht t » prevmt thfr . edom of ouiiion , and put down the rignt o ' pubi'c mbedzis . I * i = tree that tae alirm cctftsited :-t
the attempt to deprive rbera o' these grea * ( Dnititjtioaal ricnt . * , d ; d , in one or ts ? o in * ts . cces , lead to breacii ?^ of toe i > t 3 . ee . Bat , S-entienien , cs ¦ srbo . Mr side i- th * greater culpability ? In it on tbupar of fbose * jo , in scmproiis Jnst&cee * , to ^ eccn urju « : po « se *?} on of v > o *~ r , ^ eek to restrain tbe ffrmt ct :: ifPtuaocal n » Li * cf tte rxopie—tb * s&fe an < « ecart : mean * for pr ^ n- v-s ; :: * in ktio ^ rledg-e and liotrty ; o : on Sat o iri- iitor .-. tr . i ft-w who may be foundajnon ^ t £ e maititade , -sr ho . * eein ^ erery avence to a le ^ -aj redreas of gr ' ^ v ^ 'H ^^ i « hat agamtt tbec ^ rebel xs * i- * t > such c ^ jn * : ac : hc-itT ? kz d ber ? . G ' -itleme " . I v » onid rfirect tour attention to the fact , hat
tbpeoul * of B rsi ' . ^ nwn continued their psic < fji agitation till ihe aat 2 oritie « . by placing wh-. t me peop le b-il '^ Ted to be a fa ; . * e constntcoa oi a locai Ac ; oi Pariia-: ent , soujbt to put down that agitation by nzn and iaipri-jonment , Nay , fu' ^ her , while the me of the poouc haii * cd p ^ r . te oSce- w-re opened freeiy to otb * r uia-se * , tbe aiibsriues aCOea to the outrAiTtd feei ; n « i . < of the Eiulcitud « by aen \ -,: i >; Biein the u * r of : fto * e places . Bur vt are toid , —a " Jeaa : sne-n wiw to be the rational co ^ ytrJcrior ., — that rbe vjotfHt iiE ^ uage , or condut ; of inoiviauaN ,
shall be madrf the prete&ce ; or rwtric : intf the frrt expression * of op aion , and pctticg down ccs mtct' mzi of iha mi'iion- * . Thw has « ver b ? ea the canducrt of dtspcri-m ia ai ! Kge *; thff excSf ths few to violence by thi-ir . y .-teB of espioiagt ; and fraud . ai : d tt-en , by the pretrEce aSbrdcd , imposs additional chiles on ]\' r , iri \ -rs ct tee people . Aod , singuis . ri \ escugb , Gentlemen , wwle the nolent expresiion < r ' wcrcins niK ar » nsjJe t ^ e select of enru : nai tr : <* e eatio-. " , the more >; o ! tat expesi ^ w of th *; r ; ci , to » erve tni iartre *' . v-f na r . are rcwirne'i vruu
honours and emo : n » a 3 ts . N « ed I rtfer to pr . r-y jrp ^ echc * t na e cutiit the Rtfcrm But , and f ' . iii stronger iancc ^ t ;^ man ' . bat has gubsr-qa-.-Btiy b = e : i made in CLrr ; torsion of iais opinioa . But to recurs t . i : fce proc ^ eriiass a : Birmingbaai . V < hi : r , a * I b- ; o : t- « La : « M , tae people and tneir De ^ ly appointed au : r , or ] : i . s were ? qoabb : ine respfctinir 'he proper e .- > E . « trcct : ^ n of a local act of Parliaineat , an . d were , s . * they hs . d been accu « torBfd to do , mc-t in pauiic to read the / Oew > -p » pers . and tslk of tti-ir ^ riev ; . ncfii , : htse Rschnnte ^ , having been supplier wita a cin / : on of the poHce force from Lon ( iOr-,-cid . without caoron or warning ( such as the reading c : ths Siot Ac , ana oth = r prelircinarie * of Liw . ) r 3 ii . e , whit I am Mi . l MLBd to consider a f . aurait ar-. o
aiooa .- . . upon tnt pec-pie . Ani . p-ncLetncn , penr ; rnu to exjjliin lae c . \ jre « -io 3 in i tt ^ alleged iia-i ^ l " uacoa ? ntutij-al power . '" i Frota reading s . nd reflection I am Ld to conceive ! that there ; are c = ruin gr .-at fucdan-. tntal rigt . u and ! priv ; ir « ei whie ' a belong to Zn ^ ii-nr . ; en , certiic ; grvat con » : ituticnal roandaries wh'ica ou ^ ht lobs n ' sacrtu l r ora tn ^ ir . n- " atinn of cic . ^ -, c- \ hv itfri / gc- ' ment » of is . ' * , aj if En ^ laiirf kad had i wrir :-: ^ eo-i ' ftirut ' . oa . Tee rkst cf trial by jury , the r ^ -ht a ! public meeUng , tr , e light ef petitionrag , the tree ' dota . of the pre « j > , the freedom of di * e 3 *» : os , t ' ce richt of commonage , and noraeron- * ocben- ' , aru f-. i ! ao irttfrirovea with oar liberties that all . vho , by t > y lr-gisiiricn , or otherwise , trespi . « # on tbt * f boandaries are ¦ anconi titBtir > n&l aggre « sor < on tbc
rigat" and liberties of Engluaines . > ow cradeaies , It Hiu ^ t b- ? -well kDowB to yon ( aijd I wish to refer to it wirh re-p ^ et ) that oar legislature hare on too aany ecex .-jons yielded to tbe rsg-gesrions f . f Wfl Him andst-ifv-b inter « f ? , aad have framed lawx and devised measures calculated to infrmge on those « on » 'itation * l and ratiocd priTilege * , and many Jaw * of intern eDaetment re ? pectiBg the rigbt of public msetiDj and the liberry of the press may be referred to . And if the police forca is to be a pfrioibuktiEg body , to be placed at the < Jinpo .-al of aay iuterexied nr exclnriTe efcsa , theiDoree £ Fectual ! y to enable that cla > s to keep "back public liberty , i " . b * ery properly designated »« aa Ti = ja « t and aueon-^ tariosal force . A ^ d I Ira ^ e iagh sathftrity whith ears out this designatityj j do lew than Lord Jobn fiaswll himself , a * w £ mg to this extract from one
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• f bis speeches :- « . I 8 p « k &cc ,, t 0 th . lZTT l " *** *> that ** liberty \ , f and W , T" v ab J are 8 ^ ecoantea au ceof fo rtrfs » e . » ? U i lJ f ° rCe aDd terTor- " ADd wkat , I cr ^ itn ¦ * i V * »*» g "my rf the wor 8 : a ' -, enpnon w th « police forcr , „ beiaif &Qd M now LTTh ^ *** b ]] 8 b * > The uC con S- . itunonal lorce , then , hanng , „ I before described , m ^ de an « ui »> cnminire attack upon men , Women , and childr ^ n , ana hanng , it would appear , T * loat « m-d tirir ^ rncej , aii « constquentl y looktd Jorward to promonon , sought ; o earn k by » wanna and , Ian prep-iTeo to sdow in evidem-e , a blood-thirsty dis . charge of their duties . Tbe mormu * after th : a I attack a C 03 » : dcrable n « mber if the working-clashes of Bumia ^ km ca ' . led on me , ana wtre a ^»» tbat ^ cme public txpie ^ ion of opinion * bou ) d be mad . » Tilni 'I
rfgarcing tae outrage , &Ld some adyice given ro mem a , to what was best to be do ^ e re ^ pecin ^ their public nueriags . Nt-ver having attended one of co ? nrreua ^ in the Bull R np , and conceiving m ; T ' - lhttt the 5 » beiiig iuhabitanto of the to # n , * nd , knowing their tariouj custoaas and usa ^ i .- ? , must be by far better juo K es of their right to meet tnere than strange--n ctmli be , 1 so far complied vritn their requ . # t as to pt-a and pio r o ? - ta the Cobventic-n the resolutions which are denned lihei-1- ^ Ui . Ao . v , bad I bern ntgaizr in » tron ^ l > fxp-e ^ iug my feelings regardn $ the unjust attack " upon tbe people , it would afford some argunitnt on ih ; ide of
» tne prosecatiou ; but , whcn much rtron ^ t-: wuguajie has bren used in ino .-t uf the new . xpapeis o ! tbe _ day respecting it- « rhtn it has btea made the subjeer of reprehem-r . i-a ar . d i-en-iur < J from Oue extreajity of the kingdom to the o-her—it would Stein a « : f a fictira -iom the ra ^ k- of labour was preferred , * iere iaes of wea ; th would bwt ensure a triumph , it ^ late Lord Chancellor , and we should presume be \ $ co _ -mall aathority regarding tbe Uw : n thi * . case , * aid the ouirr day in bi « fra : ia Pa / kmei . t , taat "He hid seen tbe liW , f ^ -. vhit- ' n thtse pe / - snns were ^ . rred ( Mr . Ccl : ; n ~ ar . d mv- » -f ) and asj'dly a day passed thar be dia ust sre a ' worre case m the new .-piper . , . " I vri . l rear , to ^ on the resc
iun « r : s referred : o b y bi ^ Lor-isbip . " Tna ' . this ro ; 5 renu > n is of oj , ruion ihat a w ' arton , fla-rasr , AadurjuM outrage ha ..- l- ^<> ra-. re upoa ui = peoi . lt of Bjrai ? E ? ; , 3 tn by a bl . i . rf . h : . ' >• and u » t-. ^ t i'unontl f ^ r t- 3 from London , -lCrir ,: ' ur : Uer the au : ho'ity of ir-tn who , when out uf n ^ w , ^ acct ontd and : ook pir : in the m-eriLgf of :. t , pL-o } . U-. anJ now , ' . ara zh "J * " Dare in tnr- public p unar ; , -eck io keep t * e p-o ? le ie ..-c . ^ aCr ; pKHiua ; c ^ a . di : iui ' . That ! be proplt otB-imn ^ baniHrL' ; h-.- bfs : jud . e .- cf iheir « * a ri-h : to mTe : iu t :. e Dui . : i _^ or ti-ew t : erdaxTtf ; h- - . r uwn feeling , to contuse re » pn-tiu , z the
- lutr . ts ? p-vea . a :. d arc the bt-t j ari . es -il tucir o « power , bu rf-surcen : o obtii- j-j . tiee . That the -urnrnary -. mj cV-pD ' ic arrc-.-t o ; 1 ) : Taylor , our re--yt-sirn c- oiw ^ ur-, a . l ]' vc » ano - ' ocr i-oaviLcii : g proof . ; : fic ,. b ,-i . . _ - -f ii . ja « rieei 3 E ; ijj 5 . v . d . ar . d clr-rlv ^ h ^« -s : it i ; . . re is - o -o-uritv fv 1 ; vL , , liberty , or pro " - perty , ; : ;; t . - .-p-c . p :-h . ^ ve « , uv .- CvC--. ) l .-. ve r ' tDe iaws they arr c . 1-d up-. n to Gb ,-s . " Gt-rt ' vir . en , in m \ . r .-v ) , . ,. - TUti , ns f . ; .. _ . i . ariJU , i ) :. ^ - > - v r i ; n , . r-V . . iy t 0 . how y ^ u : h .-. ; * har i * here ar-j . i . > o a li&t-l wa « written ' u-d-r cirtunirUiu-tn -iud rn ^ n-t-ntdry frtiitii * i : ^ ;; :-eJ x-. \ xl : x ? bt ' . icf th . itd
: rr £ t ^ .- -t r ^ hid iiren co ::: iui :: ^ d on tic v u « ut 4-r ! onai / fuct « < l Er : ^ l :.-. n : nr-n , a : ; d A ); h uo ^ . ¦^ i ^ . i I . i ;• . ^^ ¦ : rjirnr . I : i ^ t ^ cr- 'mitaii'v of i ; . r-nt that con-• tru : fit-e iiori , -vnj law aut " c i'ie .- are ?" . t * an :-¦ nj 10 e * -abl : > h th ^ p-. i-r ; f . r Mr S ' . a . s : e s » t o , -j E-. « - * =. rk na i : bt " ^ thai ' u i « ico ^ nb ^^ t upoa :.-. <¦ Qcr- . r . idTt , if he st -k- U di-eharge hiiu * eif from a ? coT ^ rqor ^ iei of tne pubi'cation . ' . o .-h > w tt . aii i : wa « mid- uu-ier cirrum' . tdr . cM which ju ^ cifi i :. " H-. " ai .-s > ta ' t * thit > l it i ^ i tre unoi-u ' -: ed rifrtit of -Ttr \ ir-m '^ -r of the cr > ni : nur : i : y r . > publi . h hi . * own "_ d : «! ' : » - > n h-1 « cV : juct * of-uilii ; an-j ^ nmraon : ntrre-r , i » j ! cne a « hv exerei-- * ih s pnvii # - i-aui . Mj , T -Ld .- -i-.-CTe !} with a vieu t-, Wr . tfi : > r . i-: e : y , be U !¦¦< : aic-n > L 1 ? a « a critnip . hl , " Abd Lwd trsihit- , ; tie- triaiof Mr Fro-t in l"J ) d , st ? . t-s that " Nc i ; : an C 2 n be cri : i : iDil without a criimi ^ l ir . teoiuin .
it - 'tacc- n - r : Jr r ^ p of lne crrwi' .-a par *; ihrootriou a , ! tr ; - vo u . nr- of our la ** -. " N . 'W , Grnil-m-.., in tnis country , -. me .-t the f-t ? i :. vt-i i .: ; -tion ot } , uh-! -e n 2 ' . 'i « -j r ! r-, anH . cen .- 'j .-f of f -u ^ : < .- op . r . inn , ar . u tne ¦ ree j : n of atr . < con . * t 'uie a l ';« j . ^ o ! s ; in ttis c j-j r . TTj j -rhrTe tr e fr i : do :-: j rf t .-. t- prrs ^ . » Ei . uiJ h <; at •^ rwiie vi-n ? i .-e- and e « a-iiirtn- of iib .-rry , and > - ^ v -t- j-is-. r . fjuc ^ nj .- !• ex :-- .-i--d bj n " - . ov . ; .-, : r , dr-= _ -: ? o : i ^ r a- ; - ¦ : ; -, :. o- ; o nn . ija , ! . ui : - > retc- ni a . n : ; B ; -r , Tf . m-i , s- " isy c ; i * -, l . y cei ^ arir-g : &t aa , prevent sm ^ r ^ . - rtfioai i " i future . Bu : we Kr ^ cf-. en toii tr . it the la . v " » -, ¦ '! - * . f—rn the f . ic : of pv .- 'l ; c- !¦•• ¦ - ' a f .-imin ] ¦ ¦> - " . ivro . < . - > n « l ^ " -i . _ \ . " ; h- ; i " i-ir ir . » - ir-. i . . in- ± T- ? . ; rr ; h » i lKi / - Bu ' , G- / M'i 3 'D . tL . fo ,--tz :-- : o :. OT [ Ic J :- ^ H ! ; . ; o- ^ lt-:: ti '; .-T > . <) - > r i : e- i > -
.-jr . u . iy aKM :- - » t irrefo . i a < i- ti ^ . r < V ti : iujoa i-i liberty , wb-n thr ^ d-rineu t > ^ e i ' .- .-i' r ^ h- whieb i « mt prohibited bv luvr . Yi \ . \ Ge ; ::: erLcn , thi wtolv ; a * of iioel . unhke c ; r-r imvy , s nased uju : a . rotrcn foar . 'iatioD , tha : f--j-.: ) aii ,-. n kit- the re-< -o ; a * ( .-, tr . e S : ar C-a ? .: V ) trr ; hv . g rn . « t fa'ai tu i - . or-rty nas u o ~ : er . bee : that e ' er th-.-y vs-tr , * pr ^ - « : ttd ' : on oHh-sicr . , or that wn-: i ' . ' & *; oilous ' in-. « L : j- . cii vr&i at . oi . < r . rri it 1 G 51 , 1 - liifuujna rhcorc * wt-re ec ; eouinaned to Kece .-Jil txtc .- itiuu alo :. g ^ nb it . B-i i r . « , the-e ir-rc pres-rv .-d , ; -. e-c fo- med p rt-c- fden :.- for cnrruj . t * t ; it ^ . n--T : - o pun : » h ; . oii ; ivai Tic- ; ira-, an-- * on tHs ba ^ is ih-. 3 have been buil ^ iup
opiLmn on ep-. nrn , and case on ca « e , : iU the whole oi what B . rEttam was des ^ cxted ' Juri ^ -made ia . w , " £ a * btcoce a ? perplnipj ; to cr . raprthtr . d as 1 : ) . - cv . iiciith u .. jGft ; o puLi ^ h b / . Th ,- . iud : c : mert caaryej ;^ » wi : h having puh ! i » fceJ a fh . l > r , Bcanaairii .-, r £ i . ; c' . n ' - « , and ^ d ' . - . io'j * lib-1 . A :. d h' -re , Gc-st-iemrrj , let me premise . : ha ; Mr . F <; x ' . < An eiiipoAerf jurymen to determine , hoth by law avd ;< iL- ^ tnec-i ^ e r > efo-e thtji ; thati .-, you are , ii . vnu .-capacity , judv * of « : »( ; h- _ - law ef iibr-. l is , as w » li a-jUU < t * oi the f < ic 1 ? of the ca « e . 1 -nder .-tai .-c : nat pre' -. ou . " to tie i ; u . v > iL / of ilr . I ' -jx ' - Apr , tb-. luG ji-. ' a . iw aji * p' ? x « ed upon i !? e a : t'iiioa of the J .. ry that ihtrv hr .-J L-,: hir £ t- > Co with the i .-iw of :
hic-jl < --, out o : ly w . rs ; r , e : * c '« . Ar . c ; even now the Jurt-vs a . re too apt to take the t vision i , f the Jujg-. r *« -ptc : ; -g the : a « - . vj-. h ut epr .-ideririg .-ulT ; c ; t-ii-T y the trea : ef' : HQi . cBn-s ir . voivt-d in i ' , fur he 1 : nrnerribered , ti ; ere i * * . o -tacute law , ro W shtive et-actjnmt to rtfet t » - , t-ut o .. i \ the op i- ui- ^ ft cf fo . 'EJtr Judges , basrd upon tbs rt-c-o .- dn of the Star ChviBD :, '; De it remembered . And thu- > , bv Ju ort taking tht- m-re npin :-. r ^ uf Ju- ' jrfs nn law ILey «> tAD i .-h pr , ct aer .-t . * m jet fa ^ l ro i : b £ -r : \ , for , : a = tehri of m < -ki : t ; hiin the Jt'V of evidtnee , ? . r : d tn-eipnunder of i . iw , the < piac him in the addu t : onai c-ipacitj of a it'pi « la : or . Froui his Lc-rdshi p on ths hr-cb , no «? tr , I ant :.-ipate r .-bKr p-ii ) t- ; plt > i . ; jjecr . G-t-r . tir . T . pn , you hems ihtn bo . n jaa ^ - » - < s .-t ! iw atd ia * - ; , the point * 1 v .-ruld parrii-uinrlv pre £ ? Uyon y . iur a ' . 'cijrior : ar > ' the-e : —1 st . D : d I Cibua ibt r ^ olu-i i . b ati . tfd 10 he lib . l ! ous ? 2 r .- ! .
1 « uie Con < rr-jeLi' ; n put upon thfie revo , utions . bv in- it-rmi of tte iccictiDeDt , aid the ^ ju-u .-h of eoun-><¦ ' ., : iue or ' i . Br ? 3 d . A'e the risiiiition ? in your opia . oa fai > r , tni ! cio-J 5 , fua-idalru * , ai ; ^ se-ditiou ^ ? ¦ ivQ . Do you bel . eve that . 1 pub' : i > htd them wirh critnina .: in :- nrisn .- * , a ? » -ittJi in tbe iLdictment ? ^ s r - j iiT-j * tiie rirj * - , did I u- h ' - ' ^ h th- r >' . * - lutior . * ? J nave adraitted ' hat I aid , and viih ibe itnpreg-ioa on my mind : ha : an ; l ! t-gdl ind usconsti-u ' -ional itt 2 t-k had brcn inade rn the ticht of puhhe inietinsj ; und , be is rememb-rtd , 'his ri ^ ht is broadly adr . / . f . td and gf-vtr ^' Ar e ^ rabiK-he- 'i bv the fact 01
p-t ' . riOLis crn : nat . Bg frein !< Lch cenirgs o" -ingrecogiiis-d bv the Lc ^ -uia ' . ure A .- rf-u \ T * the . 'ec-ond pjia % is thr cunstrucion pet u ^ on ih ^ se Te !! o ' : ut or . 8 . * t the ttrjr . s of the irdu-rme :::, correc : ? Have thev a teLGencv ro excite di » : » fftrct ; pn and discontent towsrf ? . » h-. -r . Mj-jf < tT n person ai : d Govtrnnent , and to cau > e a breath of tbe peace ? Gentltm&i > , if u bo co ; . iidrrcd ci-aiTri-tion t ^ . d di-co-it-nt 10 txp'e * s an opinion reading tb- conduct of men iu effive , who shall escape whit ' pirjg ? Ana il the v . ticirjomr ; ccQ > ure of puDhc Oiinun , regarcir ^ anA infrineernent en vur ri ^ bt * , is to he made the * ur jeut if state Dro * ecution , wbut pr -ofj have wt- t > f the
ibt-r .- . e- cf Ln ^ iaiid , what sei-v-n : ;> a ^! -. 5-2 "t tee pe--r-lc-sdai caim of i-e * pn .- > -ui r But it bs-. s be ^ n urced l-y the Le ^ rutC G-e-ntleiiian or , the r > th- ; r side of the pr < v-. cGiba , that these priured r , pin ! o . : »< had a teucency to lead to bresches of tbe jjfiKv , and fubs- ? - uaen : events have Ve < -n insisted oIj as conseq : j > -i ) ci > resu -iiig fr-ra th-ir publication . Kow , b ^ .- it remeir . bered , Gentlemen , that thu las'St {' agrant fire-th of tbe peace was raade previous to their pubiii-a ; : ca b ~ the unco-. stirational act o \ tbe authorities
LL 5 r : iii = ? : re « , arjd the notorious fact is a Pe » 'n recorded thrnncBout the length acd breadth of the land . Acd fere let me arce you to mike a t-lfcar distinction b * - : v 7 ? en ih » exeitfrment in the town of Birm ingham j j-e'ious to and subsequent to tbe attack . Previoc tf > the attao ' s , there wu a Terr great political e \ - cilsmeEt among tbe -working clashes in favour of tie political measures they , in common with millions of their countrymen , a ~ e intent on obtsii ' . 'ag , and snch t xcitement , s-n excitement go extensive and so infl-jential as to effect * . political change , is , 1 costend , of
e ^ Eetioned 05 tte cccstittdonil uaatw England . And IE this opinion I am again boroeoat ey th « tt ? . tiraony of the Secretary of Stite , for in & epeeeh be r . elivertd in Ocf- "ber last , he expre ^ d himielf to th ' u tffi'Ct , S peaiicg of tbt Chartigts , be said— -
Untitled Article
There vrer * - » ome , pethap * , wbo would put dowa ! -uch meetings , but men wa » not his opinion , nor that of the Gorernment with which he acted . He thought the people bad a right to free discussion-n wa # - free fecumioa waieh eliuittd trute . They Hid a rigot tb meet ; if thev had grievaHc ? 8 , they had' a right to declare thwn tear , they might be known and redressed . If they bad no grievance * , eommoa sense would « peeuih come to the rwcoe , aud put M end to these mettiD ) j 8 . It was not from free di-euasion -it was not from the unchecked deolaraien of puWic opiniontbrtt GoTtrnraent bad am thing to fear . There waa tear when men were driven b y fear to form secret combinations . " In another speech he said— " It is the nature of the peeple to pnsh ob « di « nce almost to a fault . Noohifij- e * n W more false than
me opinion of those who maintain that agitator * can easily and without cause excite tlie people to tumultuous and seditious practices . So far from this bemg tbe ewe , the disposition of every people ia hostile to agitauon ; indeed , it i * so strongly in f « vour of Government , that the general maw of the country can never be induced to see abu * e until it become * intaltrable . ^ ay , now they will frequently even cuban to tbe greatest enl * of mi-goTeromeut oetore they venture to utter oa « word in their ber-al ; . " It is my perxua > ion that the liberties (> J r-agusha ^ u , beiiig fouuded upon tee geaeral consent o : all , must re . niiu upon that baoix . "We mun altogether cease to have uny existence- we cannot
confine libi ? rfv in rtiia / tr \ i ^ n « .. w *« «^ .. -1-... ~ e . _ confine liberty in th > s country to one class of menwe cannot erect he / e a Senate of Veuice , by which a Mhail pan of th « community is enabled te l . » rd it over the majority - we eaonoc , at this time , and in this land , iaak . 8 libtrty the inheritance of a caste . Tbe public excittmtnt that subsequentl y followed , a ;; d which had led to such disastrous consequent-en , was occasioned by the conduct of the police from London , and ample Uutimeny can be afforded to > ho . v that there was no rioting , no destruction of property , till nearly a fortnight after their attack upon the people in tea Bull King , and also to * bow thu manner in which that force ceudueteii
them--elves Their wanton attack upou womou and chil drtB j rich and poor , while they were pe&cedbh proceeding through the sireet , and to their avoca'ton-, led to the riotous disposition , and thdre is no doubt leJ to the un brtonate lonsrquei . eei that followed . But , gentlemen , is it right that these re--u ;* j > should be thrown upon us when * e were lock ' , d up in prison , and could neither directly norindireciiji . avc au ^ hi ia do with them ? For you mu > t be a-. v .. re mat we wer-- in couriuemeat wrieu the rioting t-jok p : ace , aud when released , and ou our w : iy aome , benriug of what had transpired , ro aniioas were , we to guard ag < wn-t aoding to the excite went , that we took a circuitous tante of several milen
in orJer to get inn Birmingham by the opposite end of the town , and ihus peaceably get to our homes , lc « , bi-n . g recugniscd , evil constqaer . c * ' * nii ^ ht io ( . lnvr . Bu : let me direct your attention to the third point I have referred 10 , as it i < of paramount imporaace—tha : i > , that the rest . Iu ; ioc < referred to are Idl < r , malicious , sc-itDdaloun , ai , d s-.-ditious ; and remeniber , gi-utlvmta , you have s * orn to give your \ ernict ac-.- ^ rd ng to the evicenc-e t . ef-irt you . Now . you have evidmue before jou to prore ttiat tjese reroiutions were written by me , 1 have admitted it myself ; but what evidence liuve you to prove that triev urt- tdi- < e * aa malicious ? Is u false tha : aa urjn-t outrage was maire u > . ou she people of Birmir ^ tjam by the p ? iier * from Londuu ? Is ir
'• JlUk tna-. the ¦ . uira . ic was rande undvr ihe authority of Hit-:: wao , wt . eti out of nfike , took pirt in similar ineerh . g * of the peopV ? It it i ' sUe that ihe . e .- ^ ie of Birminghatn wtre better juil ^ e-i oi their ruiii to meec in the Bull-rin ^ ' than we strAn ^ er * * e : e ? I < it fa ; r * that Dr . Tax lor whs urre ^ ied ? I believe itisuoub : fui wheihtr I shili b pertuitteJ ro bring e » iatcce to preve the truth of this ; inK ' . ) how t-su you C ' _ -nyu-icriuiou » i y give your rtrdict ( tf ^ jjeciAliy nftt-r its common ne : oriet \ J that it U f ' dl .-c ? ThYse resolutions are alsostateo 11 . the indiciinetit to be uiai . ci . us , ha : what . roll ' s have jou befure vol- jj ; - litieiiK n , of my malice in the drawing up of these
re- <> So * ions ? None ! Then I presume you will nut ri ^ Tfi" thi : I way actuated by malice , ar . d gire y . » ur v « : t-ict tu trial elieLt , without auy proof .- of that mime- before yoa in sviilerice . Kut iiia Lordshi p may probab y tell jou , that by soure lv b'al ! iet : oa , -ne iaci of tne iibvi ha / ing b ? en written pr ^ umt-• hat the writer wa > . actuatw by thtsu mvlk-iivj - * aud fcandal ui motives . But , Gui ! th > nie ; s , I feel p # r Kji . ied that \ cu never will permit it to be recorded : 1 history that si Il .- iiish Jury of the l » : h ecntary , on tikiDg . tht" -c- rerrfln-. ions in tVfir ha ^ d * , and bav-11 . ^ no , > t . e : ev . di . ucv- btfore them thin thw fact of t .. eir h . iv ; c ^ K-en written by a certdiu p-ison , did ; rrsuine a : ; d « : \ e -ht-ir verdict on a fnvz that tb ,-
^;; : cr * . * * L-: 'i .: < n i >\ f «; pe , ID illCJOUS , a . ll S dtidH-; > u « m .. ive , d .: ia ; ha ; -. irhouc evjilriicu oi ! ji .- < m » - ' ives . > -w tfje ntxt j . o . ti . f' -r wur CiU ' -. d-ratiun i . ' : h' » , do jou ; ie . ir \ e i'n--i 1 pct-ii-hed taece r » oiulioBs with L-r : in ) .. ai motiv- am ! criminal intentions V be ; -uu « .- huvh is r . ecvssar \ to con-titute them libel-!>)' ... s . Gcrutltnien , it i- < not in the province of m .-, n "o read the motivr !; oi aroih-r ' s in nci—we can o . Jv j ' - : fC froj . i act . "' Hti . i rhe tenour of hi « cnuduct . And 1 t .-u : j a ; . j )^ ai w ih c . L , iitit-u ( . e to ^ he t-vidt-neu of T . C , ^ ait ; I .-ppeal to a ! i who kr , ow nu ' , ? .. well as to my fpei-i-hrs .. ni wiitiag ^ , to te tily that v \ hile I have uU-u'ed ( a- 1 coaceive it my du ' y to do ) pv >! it call ; , ai : d socially lo : rnpro \ e ihf . condition » f my vjflVrirg couutrymt ^ , 1 nave uniform y condemned violent and criminal mode . " of addres-t . Mv arivit :..
to then ; anu my yeiitimeMts hi > e beeu of the following character , which I havo extracted from addre . « i-s I b « vt- givea w . thin the la ; t few months . The first is from an address which was adapted f ' j- mo-: of the associations in the kingdom , and - ~« : to th « s In ^ h peoj . lt- , wishing them to unite with us for the uhvunicg of the People ' s Charter . " We art-i ; , flu-. ru . fi by no oih » -r feedug « tVn-m ade . < ireto -j-e our i :-: stitutiut : s peaceably aLd orde : l y based upen priljc ; pus it ju-tk-e . Vi ' e bciie \ e that a Par-:: iniciit fOMipo-i-d of the wise and the ^ ood of all c-ia-r-es v . t .-aiii devise all nie . au * of impT «> vnig » be conanio !; of 'he millions wirhout iDJurj t >) the just mtt-res : s of the feu-. We feel that ubj > kc in 1 fcre ^ t kavi- " ' . ic ^ ni ' osif rrtd under an c : just sj-icm ; that it wou'd be equally u-jc «! to remove without ilun precaution , a-jj , whir-- due , injividual indemn > ficatioQ . We ate i--.-: r 3 us as scrupulous Ccnserrativ-js of
prott-ctm-ill th . it \ ii gnoj , wj .-e , acd just is Ou . - ii s'itutions , a- ^ ii to hold as cacred aud secure the domain of tD . rich atii iLl- c-: ta ^ e of the poor . Bat w- rcpfat lij- . it wefieeK to effect our object , in peace with no other iorce tbav ; argument or prrsuaxion , and we call upon jou , a < we do upon thy w » e a&d tbe good if every cU-s , touni e witn us ia thin our ru e * ; , holy ' i : ; ir . jact , ; he ultimate oiiject of which is tha freedom . nd p . appine-sof Brit ain , and , throu ^ b htr example , trji > t (; i fie v ?( i ; ld . " The next is f r ^ > ia an address to ' . ; e Poll- h ' ,. i-. vil « ir . tejaK to the onii which was seu . to the Working Men ' s As-oeiation- " And though tne perversion of " ruth and iusuc * him cu . lk-dfoTi \ i t-f- cst-iuyive fr ' .-l-ngg of the few to eo& * t , 're aci
rt-Du ! o :, in « t the huupiness of the muny , yt-t whvu tnowlvdge fhall Uave expanded the ; aieilect of rri ^ Elicd , tbej will « -uredVy yerceive Uia aii the nations of tbe e . arth have in rrality but one brotherl y iutere- ' . Po ^ -. ef > wu ; . - -. !) - . *< u > nv ;' .-: ion , we feel pt . - iuacWd tiiit every oUo / t ti ^ a . t can be mdde towards eradicititij ?; tho > o- naiioii-il pr-jr . dices and bigoted feeiu ^ s whidt tht > ie . ' tijh aa ) de ?} . ov . c nilt > rso-fm ' 'Ui kwt . . iiavoi : r ^> l « oU" ] ; md p-rp ; tua : eii ; rr their adva . Dtag-, will teu < i tow ^ r- ' s liiat gre / it consunimation of nati ; m « l au- . iii . iver ? al hr . ppin- «« . when equnlity of po ' aticai rights shall be established , ana when ' iiueQ shall 1-jve on ; - unoth-r . ' And we kuow iio batter raean-s
•{ 1 lL-cting tb ' . s nKbte ^ ns object thai nvniliia / ourj-eivc- of tause ri & fct * uud v > jinlei : es ofki . niafiity our CM-. iiTryriieu hnve achirvt ^ A th-ouxh vermcnui . n ano lieatr-, aad which yoar oppressors lirt ' .. a Uiiji . slly 'Jeprived you of , or prewuted you from ohtajaii g—we a * .-an the right of i&vesugatirg acd inqiiiriujr ,. ta . ou ? ^ tbr racKns of public nu-ftiiegis "pen clis-< -u . vi r . : > nd ih- » pres *( ita'jiped and truamelled t > - > v . is ) , which U t ^ e awst desirable foras of Govern ; neat ; the be ^ t mide of iusUccUu- ^ the pei )< . j ! & ; t ., e most "corK inical mode of pro < iuci » K wt ' tkitb . 2 nd tha he > t menus of its jest distribution ; uati oi o » iu >) i ! g allthi ! C ' . rruptioiis ur . d aaoaaaii . s 01 cli ^ icli , slate , and mcivLiuauF , to pst ? d ui rt ,-vi--w be ' e ^ r *
tbiferand tribunal oi public upuii ^ D , from win :.-k all pow ; r should eraftii-d'e , and to which Rlone ic -iculd Ds resnon . s ; bl ? . " The othe » exiraxl from tis ^ rvAo of the Working Ml-u ' s Associaticn - ' -bicV . h-ive bff / i udoptedjjy muitof tbe W 01 king Mon ' s A-ip .-ciR . ' . oi : s io the K'ogdo : r ; t and by whic ^ i y "u m « y . judge <>(' the ten ral leelings ol the- Chartists :- ^ Lee not > r , owrvur , thv vzc : i of waalth imaj ; in « that wh havo ul-* eriur designs L ^ i-xical to their righuvr vjew . < op ;> csi'd to ih ^ ¦ peacv au-i hansifuiy cf society . Oa th « con > triry , we saek to r «> ii < l « r property mxte socure , 113 mo : c ! szcred , aad to prwserve itiviola » every instivatiou that can be made to contribnteto th ' . ' happi ^ M o ; Ttian . Wv ouiv so . k that s ' aaro ia thrt iusiitniioii
and Government of th : * country which our industry aad TJsefulD&ss sd greatly merit . " Such , is the language of ratJoaal Cnartiiiu , and such . wiiH a fr w violeu * . exeeptions , we their only object , d ntlemen of the J ury , in cirroboration of th « view I have taken eu four material point * in this indictment , 1 beg to quote from " Deacon ' s Dite * t ef tfee CrinainfA Lftn - , " the iollowiag obnervstions : — "It is , undoubtedly , tho rgh ? of every subject iu the l « nd of freedom to enter into a lair Bad reasonable discssnioD of puh' . ic affairs ; nay , fojthet , he bag a right , it i * conceived , to exhibit the folly orimbecility of mem . bem oi the Govcramoat , aa connected with pnblio
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ixieasures , if ie honestly believe * those measnres to be unconstitutional , or fraught with mischief to the lntemrtuofthenPtion . " Nay , a still higher a-itoomy , Mr . , now Sir Joha Campbell , her iMajesty ' s Attorney-General , iu Us defence of Mr . Sainut 1 Cook , -a 1827 expre « k » d himself as follow / : — Gentlemen , hngluhmeD have a right to entenaiu aad wprew their rtroag aai decisvo opiaiom with > * ap * et to aU public offie&n . Tb * t is a right which we hare inherited from onr aoee-tom bougbt , among : other thiugg , at the price of their bjwd . 1 h » pe we shall pm . erve that ngut pure , and I hope we uhall transmit it to pos-UJ . ny unbroken . " And , Lord Tent ^ rden also , in Sis charge to the jury , in the trial of Rmt
vMan-. deA , said— " The moot humble individual ha * a rieht to dwcaw political objects freely anri f «» ly—tbB Uo » d ai-n > which are coinmeated on ou ^ ht to b << true for it his fact * nre false , that will be ure ^ nant evidence of naalice—the qut-duon , in » uch a cas-j . dees not s . em to be entirely tis it has sometimfts beea put , nitmely , whather the pnblicadonhaa a tendency to cre 4 te « . general dwaatislaction towar , ts Governmentj for il Mioiatew are incompetent , and their measures prejudicial to the country , it wouM tlse » surely-be justifiable both to avow aud inculcate suck dissatisfaction . But the graad poin : s for cou-> iderabon are . the truth of the facts and the cbj « cr . of the author ; h * ikUfaongb troth does not jnstify a libel on private character , it se ^ ms reasonable that 11 H&ottJd
De admitted-a * a full justification for auy tftnciur . -j » oa tkfl public conduct of pubiic men " 80 Myntli 8 t « KaiUw authority of the Court 01 Kint's Bench , Loid feuter . ien . Gentlemen , I aeed not axuin repeat ihat the fact * coatained in these resolations are notoriousl y true , and that the object i < * writm » ikem was tot from any maliciouii leeling uiit to ltjare individual .- ) , but io express an opiuiou ot what 1 conc'ive to be au act ot injustice , with a view to roJorm or prevent such aggressions in future It may be that I have express .-ct mysslf striiusly 011 the subject of these resolutions , and more mi iu mv examination subsequently on the right of resistance to injustice . Bot , Gentlemen , I might quoto a himh authonty , whose justitic ition of such WuaK ?
—an authority whose legal knowledge a ' id public spirit wiil be-iniy appreciated by you—I m ^ aii xMr . now Baron Guruey , on the trial of Daniel Isaac Cafc . n , who stated that u the fir .-it political truth tiint is engraved on the soul of man is , that ull po -er ( lows trom t ! ie people , and k atru = t fortlieirben fit : aud wheu that trust is abused , resistance is not > uly a right , but a duty . " Gentlemen , 1 have now , in the best m . aausr my abilities will permit , placed before you my viovra on this question . I Lave endeavoured briefly to detail tho circumstances winch kid to the writiuK ani phblishiog the alleged libd , aud Ian iao \ i \\ a wbtch actuated me a . t tlie time . I have hlso laboured to 8 . » o » you that , according to admitted legal authorities these resolution . * ouL'ht iu > t to com- , wiilau the m-ianu . g of tho law of libel 1 i . ave sliown you the origin ot that law , and how iid
:. hnile it ii , and how cautious gentlemen in your exuk-c station as jarvm < n oa ^ ht to be in addixl" to us power ugamst public iib-rty . 1 kn , w the t . ractico of the pros- ; cutor is to reply to That I have urged in my 1 lc 1 e 1 . ee , which s ^ ein * , however , tohuveno loun- ation in j .-stice . liutsoit is ; and he douht-1-ssly will oppose to my huinbl ¦ statt'mnrits irsuci legal tdt'tit « -. nd ability . But I trust , Gentlemen , tuiit . iu nadiiiou to what 1 c nc sive to br the area . ' . poiuin m my favour , namtly , the truth of the rohoiuu ..-us . aud the abeauc « ot malicu in my motivwi t ; iat yuu will t-. k ^ iuto account tliat U-is beii : « h public coiS'AK-. of a public net , your drcisioa will h either pr » jn-. ) iive oi liberty or ot the ubjast ( xercise uf pjwer . You Kuve all , iu your capaciy o ; c ti-¦ / . ? iii , ngbts to protect , aad grievaucts to complain ot . You may be opposvd to m « ' iu my p ... htical feelings and opiiii . > m ; b-.: i , upa't from these , von hav ..
or laay haw , j ; ri « vaact > s to fee redound . You will most prob-ibiy avml yours ^ lv- s 0 / tbe right of public uii-etiug ami pwbac ai » . cu 8 siou as a m- an * to obtain Uiat reurj-s ; and tli « same power that to-day send * ; in arm d force to dUp : rbe the Chartists , may s-nd 1 ; to disperse you on the nurrow . You wou . d , doubt-. i'ss , ffil indignant at th < - wucragf , aud might youru-Wes censure the act , us 1 have done . A state pros-cutioa at once assails jou n-: libellers , aijd you , who to-day , iu your hououfable situation of jurytaeu , a-e my judges , maj , at no tiweact day . b * de-Vud-ut ; , as 1 ate , your constitutional rig \ i to protest again-st pubhc outrnge ami puolic .
wrong 1 liHuk ycii , Gentlemen , for your attention . I shali m , w c « tll wiine . ^ es to prove tc > you the t : urb of thr sMteuunto : the uniustiria-ble cou'tunt of thi ! police ; thin ^ . n our rerum troio VVa .-wick ( Collins aud m . Vf-elf ) we took il circuitous route c 1 many milt s , in order te avoid , by our pre ^ eaoe , giving any chance of « disturbiiuce in Binninyliam ; and , motvover , that "o tar from bcisg ot that violent and miiiciou < rtisp : sn ; oa imputed to mi 1 , I wtd-Kvourei to eftVct n n-conciliauon between the parties ; and tliat I dr * w -par quisiticu , which will be real to jou , and eu->» vour d . b y every meaus in my power , to eft ' . xt ! htf <> njt > c . [ ot pence , law , aui order .
Several vtitn-sscB were th ^ -n examined by Mr . Lovetr , who prov «; i that there was no rioc nor di v - ' urb :. u . ce iu ti . e Bull Ring on tW night iu qn-M . nsi ¦ : l ! t . ' ie people w . * . bruc . i : iy atrackea r > y tc » - l \ nitp , * hc . u thu . xviiig of rvueijtni » nt , ei . gead . red by tae unpr .. 'v (; lu ? d attack , produced thiir natural rWlt . Mr . Ui - . Ruy replies . Mr . Justice LsUledale summed up , nai n ^ t > rrfA it to th- > Jury whether the resolutions were published hy Lo-. ett ; aud if su , whether tli- y were libellous and wdiuous , and calculated to t-x . iLe lumulu and 'ilri ^ oult-nts . His Lordship concluded his charge at a T ? ry late TO . ir .
lho Jary consulted for a f * w minutes , and returuei n . verdict of Guilty . 'lae prisouer wasiast . ntly removed into the prison . Wednesday , August 7 th . This mornii \ g , Air . Ii . linnctie , delegate for Birmi »« liaia , was called up to plead to three in die :-meuis . He wHs out ou bail , but sirr -ndered , ap-( "fared in trie dock , and traversed , liail rvquiwd-! . ims-lf £ Bf > , aid two gureti-s of £ 40 each . He was . remold inciwtorly for tu « production of bail .
. lolm DrtHtitvith . James Rhodes . Eleazar Hughes , Vwmus tetter , Mm Smi / i , ( I'Miuiu CliJjL , and ' Ihoinas ki / ig , sev / rally pleaded guilty to indictmi'urs charj .: ji > : them with riot . Mr . MilW a - irt- ^ -d the Court in mitigation of punishuwmt on t «? hnif <^ ^« 1 ut and Hughes . Saker was . also reemmended to mercy by Mr . Bag ;; y , oH behalf o ! theCrjwn . Uift and King received t xjd . lent characters .
Dn . Jon . v Tatlou was then put to the bar , < -IIAl ' . U-F . » WITH Hll / TING ON THE FOUnTH , &F JULY . No EVIDENCE WA 3 OFI-EKEI ) , AKO HIi WAS D 18-L-IMR . WED .
y ' ames Ingram . \ x boy eleven years of nge > was also riisct . argrd , t . e Crown adducing no evidence . John Tajiluw pleaded gnilty to a charge of riot . ( a ' torge Jtttiou Hartley svitrendtied aud travrsrttsd . —Bail Bau . f as for Browne . iit : orjfe lluksr was then charged with riot on the Sell o ! . 1 uly . The witnesses against him , were three policemen . The prisoner , in his defence paid that oh Friday hi' had b ^ ea invited to a friond ' * - h « B * e , which he Wt at twelw o'clock at night . He h « , i to pufs tbe Bull Ring fm bis way honu ? . O / i reaching the Ball IUuk . one oi tno p ( iiics s-nid—* Tjhero goas one of tht- b ; now we will have him . " Another po-Hcpman » Hi <]— D n his ey ^ s ^ murder him . " Another sai!—" Don't kiil hiaa ; . " ~ tako hina to i . ri .-ou . " borne other persoti thwv » aitl— "Doa ' t '¦ till hi ir * " But for the Hiterfwpiiceol ' tho last , individ'inl ,, he was satisfied that he would have boen killed .
ThoJndire summed up the-evideaice , and the Jary * fd'r A fe ^ - Tniu ' i'i' ? s r-. iTurned a verdict of Giiltyfa Joutph Frer : dits John Fnasati was iudictod on a cliarjje of seditious language , \ , \ xt the Cro ^ n offered k- * eridenc . , and he w /^ s acq ^' . itu-d . r j $ enri / fi'ilkes , indicted fora misdemeanor , waallowed , on his own security of £ 80 , to traverse to tb . 4 ! Huxt A .-t-ize- . Mr . \ y " a ( Jdiiic , ton , on t ^< - part of tho Own , saiii SJiat as it appearea thsrf Wilkes ba ; l itilut <» ce ^ itk iiin order , it tierpemled raach on his conduct whether be would be brought to tna , \ next A . ssuea * ffilliam Janus n . uJ George Bett wer ® placed nt the bar , chnrgerl with riot ou tho 5 'h of July . No evidence was . unVe . it , aua they were diticharjftd .
Henry snikes was indicted for breaking into th » - hcn > e oi'Mes .-rs . Bourne , on the 15 £ h of July , and feloniously stealing prop rty thf-r&out . No evideuce- v » a » prodactfd , and the prisoner was the * acqu ' .-i'ed . Jahn Craven * a boy elevf w ^ psjsj old . was chnrgt *! wicii br . akin ^; into and robbing Mr . Martin's fce-ese ca riie loti ) . IS ' o evidenje was adduced , and the-pri-¦ oier was ilischareed .
THURSDAY . « EK"TE 2 fC 2 iS OF THE CONVICTZIB CHARTISTS . ( FroiH our < f » n Reporter . ) This ninrr . ing , the ^ . risonors convicted of being : conivrned in the Birrnms ; tain riot ? , were pinced at tl \(> bar of the common proi « ocTitor for the pnrp ^* , of receiving sont ^ iice for what they were ci-nvicte" " . under zsoit di&uni Liberal , alias , Russell-Whig Admm \ Rtration . The Court was crowded to excess with Tories anxious to witness their triumph over Wb / stgery .
At nine 0 clock , Jeremiah Ho ^ ell , a poor creature with one leg , w \ o * ith dimuuity could reach tbe bar in front of the dock , Frauci 9 Roberts , aud Joliu Joaes , convicted of . ^ emrvishing the bouse of Messrs Boiirijes- -, wore pin , ?* ' ' in 'he dock . Mr . Coliuon , Clerk ' Arraignc , enquired of the prisoners whether lhej had anything to sa ? why sentenqa of death , nccorling to law , should not be pawed against thusi ?
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A solenia silence peivaded tky Cuurt for a lew minutes , tbe \ jr , - Mneit remaining q . ke unmoored . After a short tiniH , Mr . Justice Littledftle pnt oo hi * bead the awful symbul of death .-a& < J , ad ^ r ^ ssing the piisonew , said — 1 ou have b *« au convicted , bj a jory of your countrymen , of demoli-luug tae n « us « of Jane * and Henry Bourne , ot Birmingham . By -tae poHoy 01 cue laws of tho country , several otteaces , hic ^ erto capital , have been viewrd in a mitigated lbrm . 1 ngret to siiy , that your off nice is nut of thU description . It , is not of tlw d . ^ j . -i ^ t . on whick , in thi djjchar ^ e of my dat » I could recamineni to mercy . iTi ? . oirmifiijhatn has been fora considerftble time in a vrtry eacited stite . Riixty havs from utae to time taken pine -, which it was foend Uiffi uuk x , r suppress . CVa the losh of July ttw-y reached the Highest pitch : houses had bwn burne . i
aua dem . Mishtd ; propertr , to a considerable extent , sacrificed ; « . nd , but f ..-r the iuterpr . < siiion of a superior fjree , much , greater amount of property ai ! g n » hav 8 beoa deMroTed . and many lives * acnncep aud tbe uio !) woulj have p >« essed theaiselves or tae town . I . i that act of demolition th > prisoners bad unforennatoly ens-aged thems 3 lved , and began tae devasUtion . I liad it a * far-as lies in my poorer my dut ,- to make an example of thoso ttat h % v « be-u coavictid , in order to preveat » itailar outragwi in Birtuin « h ini or other paru of the c- onntry wiiere they m-ty be perpetrated . I hope that benefit may result to society from such eximpW r aua tnat those way have , been * uilty of those Iaitwmtable outrages , wiil be warned bj th « sad cxampk * . tHU although 1 cannot hold oat " any hope of mercy liere , there is soma hope that mercy will not bs dr . oi « d iu another world oy the Almighty Gad , who knows tLe hearts of « 11 . He will # nut it where true repentance , will be found ; Your tim » i * fast approaching , a : ul you man piepa . e to m . el j— cuuctu 01 10
« wu « . x you saipiuy your time in true rej eatance , and to endeavour tj obtain through th » m rita of your Saviour , Jesus Christ ti « , c mercy from God which you cannot hope for ironi man . It now only remaius-for ni'j to pror . ouic : > onyou the awful seat ^ nce of tho law , that you Jeremiah Ho > v ,, ll , Francis Kooerts raud Joiia Jui . e ,-, o « tiken trom thj place you staud to the p ' . ace wh ence you came , a , d be ievorully . hangel by the week till you are dead . Aad may the Lord have marcy on yo » r ^ ouls . A pia couldv be heard drop duncg tbi » awf . lCirfniony . The prL-oaeru duriug titi wuoju dme remain d uamoved and lefc thy deck like men determine J to await their fate with nrir . nes * .
Sameuce of d > t th was recorded against a boy named Aftou , who w -s tried aud connoted under i fiicilar inuictnifxit to that of the preceding convicts . Mr . \ Viil-am Lovut ; , Secretary to tbe General Convention , aud Mr . J .. na Collins delegate JorBirniiDi , 'bara , wet « tn-i . placed at the bar , aDd aske . i wiiy sentence . should uot be passed on them ? ¦ Los ^ iuaia . uily toue said my Lord , I object to sentence bein , ; passed ou me in pursnance , of the the verdict of tne j-iry who tried' me , beciiuse certain persons of tfrni . jury declhred chat all tie LrijirtMU ought to be hung . " This , my Ljr . i , is MiflL-ient tj rov . 5 th it the men who trie . i tue w « ro ! - ' ivj ; : diccd . That cot ; si < i > T < vtiou should weigh with your Lordship ia the sentence which you will pass on me .
Hi < Lordship said— You , John Collins , have beeu rtwomm « aded to ro-rcy by the jury , which « il , much atl ' ect th sentence that wouli otherwise hav » J ) eea passe . ; ag . ddst y u . Iu your ca-j « , Wiliiim Ij > vetr , tha . t rt-cuiniU' -ndition h ' . s not been ottered . Ujwevur , witiiHtis-s have appeared , aud have givei . you nn . xcellent c .-aract « r , which induces r ; ie to lutke no difference iu the sewt-ncaa 1 will pass , wi . ich is , rat yon , John Collins ind Wiliiun 1 ^ vett , be itapriro ' eri twelve calendar months ia tUe common gac . 1 of Warwick . Mr . Colliiis ap \ i « d to h * placed in the debtors ' , lUftlea-i of the 1-. Ions' side ; aad adduced several lufltuucesof n similar c « mei . cy baviiig been extended to otinrra .
His L'udsbip , on in ; uiry , found that he could not make this ntW , and recouna-nded tbe prisoners to aapiy t . the Secretary of trie Home Departm .-nt , with t very assurance Uiat tbe application would be successtui . Ths prisoners left tlie dock , apparently wnmoved by the sentence passed oa tuem . John Tatlow , for riot , was sentenced to one month . Several otb ^ r pri « cr . ers wore sentenced to oighleea taoutliff , tiat ; muciiw , and six . iJOtitiiH .
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COUNCIL OF THE GENERAL CONVENTION , At m-Hi \ nps of this Council , he \ d at the Arundtl Cnttee H ) use , Stranr ) , on Monday and T ^ esd-y , ih- 'Oih « nd 6 h Au ^ ij . sr , the following resoliit-ons have bet .-n UBat . iraou > ly a / ree-. i tot — Moved hy M-. Brouterre O'Brien , seconded by "dr . Fi-argutiO'Connor :--1 . Resolvt-d , - That from the evidence which has reached thi * Council from Tarious parts of the country , vre are unanimousl y ot opinion , that The fv .-pie ar < - Hot prepared to carry out the " Sacred Mouth" oaths 12 rti of August . Thesaniw etidence , however , convinces us ihat tbe great body of
theworhiua ; p « -iple , including iwo « t of the Tr ^ ties , may ne ind \/( -td to eea-e work on the 12 th instant , for two or three days , in order to devo e the whole of ( hat time to Solemn Prc « ts . < ion 8 and Solemn iMretingi * ,. for deiibei-. itiD < r . on the present awful suie of the country , and cievi . 'in * ' trie best means of averting she hideous despotism with which the industrious ordtiM are ni-Tiaeei ) by the murderous majority » f the ipper and middle classes , who prey up an their labour . We , at tbe same time , be ^ to rtiiMeunce to the country that it is the deliberate opinion of thin Council that un . ess tbe Trades ot Great Britain shall co-op » rate , as united kodiiv , witn their more d' -trcased brethren , in makirjg a
Grand Naional Moral Pemonstration , on the turellth instant , it will be impossible to save the country from a TeTolutiBn of Wood , which , after tnormoa * sacrifices of life and progeny , will terminate in the utter Kubjeetion of the working people t » the moniea murderers of society . Under the ^ e . circumstance * we implore all our brother Cnarti « ts to abandon the projt-w of a Sacred Mouth , as bsingior the present utterly im . practieible , a . d to pn-pare tht-mselves Urthwuh to carry into effete the aforesaid constitutional objtct « on the 12 th in * t . We ali < o implore the United Trades if they would save the country from convulsion , and themselves and familiesiroro ruin , to render their distrts ^ edi biethren all the aid in theis
power , on or befo ; e the 12 th inst ., towards realising thv great and benefrt « iit object . of the holiday , ftlen of the Tradta ! the salvation of the empirs it » in your hamis ! 2 . Resolved , —That at tbe af :. rf said nae « tiog » &e people bd recomrat-nded to nddres * the-Queen , ( to be » igned by tbe Chairman on b « hft ] f <> 5 the m « - tinx- ) representing to Vit-r Majesty the illegality , and arnitfary conduct of'yariou » 1 -, cal nuthorities—insojet-d nnd encouniged tb-. TCo by thit Gofp ^ nment—ia diepersiux t » OuceHbly-condocted nieeiinas , coa * ened >>> .: \ y for tho discussion of the people ' s undoubted grievances , aa / 1 in arresting and imprisoning ttnRe who took part in the ur . iu ^; and aalling upon her iVlftje » iy todismiss the Ministerstfnilty of thaseatrocious infrHottpus of * people ' s right- )—to dissolve the •¦ xiHing FiU'tiamt-nt , whose um 1 i . -gnised hostility to
the people < jaivuot . tail toiu'volv ^ thft country in all thv con * quea ^ -es of a bioody revolatiou . ; a » d to « : ail together a House of Commons , to whom her Majesty suould re ^ um ^ at'tid the u < i »> ption oi Universal S-otlr : igJi . aad a R-peal oi" the Li > Ki » latm Union between © reat Britain and kvbnd , as Cabinet mea « tuiw : —and furiher , that tho people at thj a ' ore 3 ai « l meetings b « recoinic » ud- > d t » adopt resoliiiioiii-n-xprMssive of tht-ir a-. lhe «; nceta tbe principles f th »> Peo- > la ' s Chart t . aod- pledging themselves nevor to deMit ir .: m iheir nxortixjns to establish those principles , and ») to organic their several localities , m . « he appoiniment of commit-tee-a and otherwise , taat we may speedily obtain , th / ough the united find detf'rrained vtjice * ot tne people of the Ujiited Kingdom , the enactmeiit of the aforesaid measures , as essential to tho salvaticu of the country .
Moved by Mr . Carpesteu , and second « d by Mr . J . M'Rea . 3 . ResolvpJ—That tfo » various Radical Associatioas and Trades' Us > io » s throughout the country are her-by n-qnusted by this Council to reprint the above resolutions from the Sun newBpxper , and to circulate und placard tbe tsatn * as speedily and extensively as possible , in order that tho whole country may prepare for the 12 th of August . Moved by Mb-. O'Brien , and seconded by Dr 7 I . ETCHER .
4 . Resolved Unanimously—That Fearsrui O'Conpor be reqaft-itei to nttecd the great Dogate meoting to bo held at Glnsenw on taa Htli instaoT fer the purpose of laying before th * Scotch poopln the real vwws , motives , an i object * of tbe English . Radicals , in the hop < of creating such a feeling of unanimity a * mny shortly lead to the estublishx&ent ol Universal Suffrage . M . Fletcher , Cnawroaa . R . T . Shaht , Saoratary .
5 . Resolved—That . the Contention ba conrenpd nnd do meet in London npon tho 26 : h of Ar . gv . tt , and that each Delegate ho requested to bring witVi him the Addresses and Rarsoluciona which shall ba pasted at 8 'ich Moetinsjs ^ tiiey have jitfnded , and that thosft dislrsot * not re pr united in the Coavention b « reques ^ d to trrt . n » nr , it their Addresses : and Resolotions to the SaoreU-ry of the Convention . W . <» . Burns , Cimihman . T . R . Shirt , Secretary .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 10, 1839, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1069/page/5/
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