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mtrg PKOBLEM SOLVED ; OR AN ANSWER - TO THE QUESTION ,
« WHO WAS THE MURDERER V * 50 ISB BBITOS O ? THE KOSTSKRK STAB . CTt—In row valuable p » p « » f Saturday last , I J * article copied ft « n the Satirist , and beaded ? rta abuse * o * tteNeTT Poor !»» , * bat trojM tbe Ita-of tbe drcunateacet therein detailed , I ihoald 5 ak that the aildert tarns that could haTebeen USLd u an heading to tfca article ought to have been raTcfSSKS of tbe New Poor Law ; - tor the melaaiSrJnnt therein recorded , independent of the molti-Si ™ , etil * berfetofore published , Bad whfcb . are , 5 ^ abtrTta » effects « f inatjiistiy execrated law , JJfSSlr Sain that language lada the power of TfiHn , tbs horrors inseparably connected with that
. £ « than avsge enactment xne mow nncmuaea * ° IiLbar 0 os people on the surfaced the globe would SlTm ** sivsr an indelible disgrace on their charac-^ ^ TaT sJr , the " nntntored Indian" will not stand t - » ., « i ¦» the helpless and destitute periab—it has fi 2 iiSttofl »«* Tfll * * tJ » reflaed , tbe college-bred jSJf ka v « d » tar » of Eugiaad—to tt » " coUeCtlTB SSfmof tto empire , " to concoct , enact , and enforce a Tz ^ oxb , to starve , and murder the poor of the land y-. —A , jjjcfifl JA . » cmnot , for » memenl , be supposed that the poo * - «^ L 6 Bri » , wssdeTDidDfmatenal feeling . She had
XTtent beMMkinj child , tat on ttoeontrary , aba Had * l p Samjpaatbecffig « Bg of b « r womb , which was *^ talrt <> l » er ** & « pampered child of ro yal ty is to its JLjffed well elad , and too well paid mother . The ^ rd . d poor Longley jesrned o ' er her perishing ££ «? she coaid ' w * so ?? 5 * ita waAta—the means of Z ^ jM i ts life were do : in her power : " shehadno Crimea * for her own insten&ace "—want had dried . Jl 7 hjjkrea st flat ongh ; to bare given nourishment and ILoort to her child . What amid she do ? Could jT loei upon her little innocent suffering all the Wars o ! hungei—dying the most cruel of all deaths , id be unmoved thereby ? No , ah # felt as a motherj j _ ,, 33 ( iiiyen to madness and desperation ; and , in a » « odi of her soul , she terminated the nnspeakable tf&nn of her he lpless babe , but not before ahe had -ed f or aid and asked in Tail . forhe * __
, B » writer of tbe article I hav « i referred to say » : — Ihe wretched mother was committed , cf coarse , and * Il probabJy behsiiE « aV __ . _ BeaK ° ado— " Who -was the murderer ? Wu it f tjtxwi ftenried creatnre who Bat upon the cold stones irth aa eopty breast and a foodless body , listening to hs baby GT-zzf 07 bwrs for food ? or was it the agents o £ th < ¦" »' e * PoOT Ij " sr » ^ o i ^" 15 * heT tortil ^^ the ¦ jreejs , * with the moral certainty that she must perish * we » flTsftwas the real muiderer , we ask ? tha men ¦ rto doomed the chad to die of starvation , o ? the mother ybo tanasatea its lufferings a little before they would fcjre beat terminated by the natural operation of the ¥ iw Poor Law ? " _ _ .
For , Sir , in taking up this subject , I hare twe objects iBTisw . Jirst , to arouse tbe people to a sense of their ggtj ; to persuade them to use their utmost efforts to rifr nn in immediate abrogation of that most accursed b » aua , secondly , to teach tie Tiring generation an fegrkl of tjTaaBj and an abhorrence of every act of fi » poven that be , " that mmtates against the common voL I desire to see an army of young and sterling p « jnot 5 , who will far outstrip us , their predecessors , in gxnj a nd deitnaicsuon . We , in osr childhood , haTe been taught manynn-BeBssf things , ret still a meaning might be given icme rf diem and profit be deriYed tneretrom ; and as ¦ cst Cfcartift parents baTe heard of " Tbe House that Jttk boiit , " I TTould request tbem to turn their attenfeB to tbe following Teision , and I imagine they will fisd it better calculated to instruct their children than the dd Taaon .
Bai , before I commeaoe , allow me to state that I haT € » a kacaon cf treating tba mbject -with , levity . I wish to KOTsy instniaiion on * nch sabjects to tbe jvong , arid teMtcttplish this purpose it is needful to be plain in h » iaw and somewhat al ^ uiing to the tender mind . 8 » , liihout further proem , here is the answer to the «» 7 > " WHO WA 3 THE MTTRDEBER ? - Iiii is ihe Hoa « e that J ^ ck boilt . ( a ) This is the purge ( b ) That was made in the House that Jaei built . This is the child ( c ) That died of the purge , That wm made in the House that Jack btilt Tha " a the mother ( d ) That bad ne home , That drown'd the child Teat died of the purge That was made in the House that Jack built .
TMs is the breast ( t ) As cold lj & stone , 01 the mother TLbA had no hcane , That drowned the child , That died uf the purge , Thai was made in tbe House that Jack built . This is tbe ffuardian (/) Of ilary-le-bone , Ihitsia- th < j breast , As coli as a stone , 01 the moitt That had no home , That drown'd the child That dkd of the purge , That ra made in the House ihat Jack built
This is the land ( g ) Qt freedom * . own , "Wbere lires the Gnardian Of Msry-5 e-btme , That saw tbe breast , At cold as a stone , Of the mother That had no home , That drowned the child , Tnst died of the purge , 3 Sai trsa madtin t £ ie House that Jack bull !
This is the deep ( h ) And feeaTy moan , That ' s heard in the had Of freedom ' s own , Where lrres the Gn&rdian Ofilary-Ie-bsne , That saw the breast As cold as a stone , Of tbe mother Teat csd eo home , Tha : drowned the child That died of the purge , Tfcit was made in the House tfcat Jack built .
These are the men , Who ask for a loan , ( ij To ra-ell the deep And hsaTj- moao , That ' s heard in the land Of freedom ' s own , Where lives the Guardian Of ilary 4 e-bone , That Eaw the breart , As cold as a stone . Of the mether That had no home , That drowned the child , That died of the purge , « at w » made in the House that Jack built .
Taisisthe law , ( jj That win change the tone , Of ihe men , That ask for a loan , To Bwell the deep And hearymoaa , Thai ' s heard in the land Of freedom ' s own , Where lrres the Guardian Of ilary-le-bone , Thai aa » the breast , Aa cold as a stone , Of the mother Thai had no home , That drowned the child , - That died of the purge , 44 *« » ai made in the Housa that Jack ballt
Thess iw the mm , { It ) From Bat h to Colne , To earry the law , That will change the tone , Of tbe men , That ask for a loan , To swel l the deep And heavy laosn , That ' s beard in the land Of freedom * own , Where lires the Guardian Of Mary-le-bone , T ^ awth e breast , As cola ai a stone Of the mother That had no home That drenraed the child , j ^ Thaidi ^ ot tbe p ^ pge , ** » wai made in the House that Jack built .
it ^ S % " T * XrTn ^ " * e-i ? okeeb b 7 Finality J % ^ "P * repair at an enonnoui expence by 2 tS !! - S MIMffl * - s—uiti ln&nt child of poor tangly , which , in ««« or dMperation . produced by ihe S ^® ^ » b « Deril Bong I * w , ahe ca » t ^^ unforUnaU Loagley vho waa « tamed ( ' ) - " B » T Ci * treet" to ¦« rauder and to die . " ^^ ast was dried up for want of noni-BBfc
f / l y —— - ^ frf , " * hmna »* V « oia " &e Hi not ieU S \ t ! 2 ? ^ anin 9 ' o *** 3 *! relinedher P ^ yp ^ ^^ becomt chargeailt to On ' ^" fi !? *? Bible 8 ' " 1 "Mt& bo « k tefla « s to teA ^ . 3 e 2 inn « rJ-an < i clothe the naked , " raU ^ Tt 06 d 0 e not Ter 3 " frequently quad-ZlT 1 " 1 Profasrion ia this eamgelised a wCf ^ f ™ •¦ fra . bon BriiuuW
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( ij—The VfhigB—The Chancellor of the Exchequer has bomtted , or rather Tisi . v tbe money of the workies that was deposited in Sarings' Banks . What next ? ( j )—The Charter . ( k )~ The " whole-hog- » ad-briBUe » -and-aJl" CharU ista . Hel-retina , truly says , that " the erila of a State are the effects of its legislation , " and it is no difficult task to prore that the maladministration of public affiurs in this country is the cause ot the complicated
grievances bo muck and ao justly complained of b J the labour . in ^ classfes . It Is the iraat of a TeriUble Hottse of Commons that has brought death into tbe state and ail oar woes ; zni , though those who fatten on the preseat system may ridicule the Charter and look with contempt upon , yea , and persecute its advocates , yet no other remedy can tfii&ct a complete cure of the body politic . TTniTersal Suffrage must be obtained . It must be the foundation on which the temple of freedom must be erected , otherwise the superstructure cannot ' stand , nor the destitute find an asylum within its portals . W . RiDEH . Leeds , April 7 th , 1841 .
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THE NEW SCHEME FOR A NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . THE SECRET MOVE . We hare received the following letter , with its somewhat euriotts incloaure , which we proceed , of course , to lay before our readers : — " " to ihe editob of tub kobthkrn she . "SIR , —It being the wish of most of the members that the enclosed circu ' ar of Mr . Lovett , should be sent to the Northern Star , yon are at f nil liberty to make what me of it you like . Yours , respectfully , " T . TAYLoa , ' London , 183 . Totbenham-couH Road , 1 March 1841 .
' Deab Sib , —The following address is intended to be submitted to all the leading Chartists throughout the kingdom that we can bare access to , in ordtr to obtain their signatures , when it will be printed and pnblished as their joint address ; previous to xchich it tciJi be C 9 J 1-sidered a bnach of honour for any individual to cause its pubticaiwn . It is also intended that the persons signing it shall form a proTisional board of management for six or twelre months , ( as may be deemed adrisable , ) to aid in forming the association by the sale of cards ,
or other win , after which the board of management is to b « elected by tbe members according to the rules and regulAtioDi * By retarding this to Mr . Lorett , 183 , Tottenham-court Bo * d , signed or otherwise , by return of post , you will oblige , yonra respectfully , 4 William Lovett , 'John Collins , ¦ H ENBT HETHHfclKGIOS , JOHN CLKATE , Geor « e RooKrwS , « HE >» T MJTCHELL .
• • Th » rules and regulations , as set farth in the pau » phl « t entitled " Chartism , " will shortly b « printed , with such alterations or additions as the parties signing this address may hereafter suggest . TO THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORMERS
'OF THE CXITED KINGDOM . 1 Brethren , —In addressing you as fellow-labourers in the great cause of human liberty , we would wish to rirfct this important truth on your mind : You must become your on social and political regtnerators , or you will neTer enjoy freedom . For true liberty cannot be conferred by acta of Parliament or decrees of princes , bnt must spring np from th » knowledge , morality , acd public virtue cf out population . Be assured , fellowcountrymen , that those who har » hitherto been permitted to rule the destinies ot nations—who in their
madness or folly have cursed the land with ware , cruelty , oppression , and crime—will erer maintain their power and ascendancy while they hare ignoraut and demo-Kvlised slayes to approve and execute their mandate * . Though T £ 7 olution were to follow revelation , anil tiiangcs were to be coatiouaUy effected in our constitution , laws , and goYernmesjj , unless the fjcial and political superstructure Were based upon the intelligence and morality of the people , they wodM only have exchanged despotism for deapotisa , and one set of oppressors for another .
• If , therefore , you would escape your prestnt social and political bondage , anJ benelt your race , you must bests * yourselves , aad make every sacriSce to hjuld up the szcred temple of your own liberties , OT by your neglect and apathy bequeath to your offspring an increzsa ot degradation and wrong . You cannot suppose tbst thtse who revel in the spoils of labour , aid lire by the wretchedness they have created , will b » instrumental in promoting the political and social improvement of the people . They may talk of liberty -while they are forging your fetters , may profess sympathy while they are adding insult to wrong , and may talk of instructing you while they are devising the most efficient means for moulding you into passiv * slaves ; but they will contemptuously spurn every proposal for establishing equality of politic&l rights and social obligations—the enduring basis of liberty , prosperity , and happiness .
' Let every man among you , then , who is ^ desirvus of seeing the beunties ol heaven stade subservient to hnxuui feDjoyment—who w » u ' . d bless our land with peace and hum mi brotherhood , and ciuse the intellectual and morn capabilities man is endowed with to spring forth in all their usefulness and excellence , anxiously inquire how he can best aid the holy cause ot man ' s social regeneration snd politic&l freedom . 1 Tracing m » st of our social grievances to class legislation , we have proposed a political reform npon the principles of the People ' s Charter : we have made it the polar star of our agitation , and have resolved , by all just and peaceful means , to cause it to become the law of " our country . Believing it to Lave truth f » r its basis , and the happiness of all for its end , we conceive that it needs not the violence of passion , the bitterness of party spirit , nor the arms of aggressive warfare for its support ; its principles need only to be nnfolded to be appreciated , and being appreciated by the majority will be established in peace .
' Bnt while we would implore you to direct your undivided attention to the attainmeat of that just political measure , we would urge you to make your agitation in favour of it more efficient and productive of social benefit than it has been hitherto . We hate wasted glorious means of usefulness in foolish displays and gaudy trappings , seeking to captivate the sense rather than inform the mind , and aping the proceedings of a tinselled and corrupt aristocracy rather than aspiring to the mental and moral dignity of a pure democracy . ' Our publie meetings have , on too many . occasions , been arenas of passionate invective , party spirit , and personal idolatry , rather than public assemblies for C&lml ; deliberating and Creety discerning national or local grievances , or as schools for the advancement of our glorious cause by the dissemination of facts and inculcation of principles ; as it is by such teachings tbat our population will be prep&retl * to use , wisely , the political power they are now seeking to o » taio .
' We are , therefore , desirous ef seeing these means applied to a hi gher and nobler purpose—that Of developing the ment&l and moral ensrgies of the population , to the great end of their political freedom and social happiness . As no earthly power can prevent an intelligent people from obtaining their rights , nor all the appliances of corruption permanently enslave them , we are anxious , above all things , of seeing them instructed ia their political rights and social dutita . Though the attainment of political power is essential
to enable them to improve , to any extent , their physical condition , yet we believe that a vast increase of social enjoyment might be effected , ( despite a corrupt and degraded government , ) if sobriety and moral culture were more generally diffused . And , therefore , ' we are desirous of seeing our political teachers disseminating unpahtable truths against druakennesi and immorality of every description , and by precept and example , endeavouring to rescue our brethren from the thraldom of their own vices , and from servilely Imitating the corruptions and vices of those above them .
• A » the children of to-day will , m a few years , be called upon to exercise the righto and duties of men it becomes oar paramount duty to qualify them for their future station , and not permit them to be moulded to the several purpose * of priestcraft , sectarianism , and charity-mengen ; but to devise , maintain , and execute a wise and just system of education , calculated to develops all tbe powen and energies God baa given them , to the end that they may enjoy their own existence , and extend the greatest amount of happiness U all mankind . - ' With no disposition to oppose the associations , already formed , but with an anxious desire to see all those interested in tbe social sad political improve , ment of their fellow-men united in one general body to It , we propose tbat such an association be established , and that the following be its objects : — NATIOKAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UJTITED
KINGDOM , For Pro-motimg the Political axd Social Improvement of thePeopU . 1 . To establish in one general body persona of all creeds , classes , and opinions , wha are desirous to pro-
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mote the political and social improvement of the people . 2 . To reate and extend an enlightened puhlio opinion in favour of the People ' s Charter , and by every juat means secure its enactment , so that the induatzious classes may be placed in ' possession of the franchisethe most important step to all political and social reformation . 3 . To appoint as many Missionaries as may be deemed necessary to visit jhe 4 in % rent districts of the kingdom , for the purpose pf explaining the views of tbe association , for promoting ita efficient organization , foe lecturing on its different objects , and otherwise seeing that the intentions of the general body are carried into tffect in the several localities , according to the instructions they may receive from the general board .
4 . To establish Circulating Libraries from a hundred to two hundred volumes eacn , containing the most useful works on politics , morals , the sciences , history , and such instructive and entertaining works a 3 may be generally approved of . Suoh libraries to vary as much as possible from each other , and be sent in rotation from one town or village in the district to another , and to be lent freely to the members . . ..,, 5 . To print from time to time such Tracts and Pamphlets as the association may consider hecesfary fpr promoting its oljeota ; and when ltd orgauisttiosMa complete , to publish a monthly or quarterly national periodical . ¦* ¦ ¦ ..
6 . To erect Public Halls , or Schools for the People , throughout the kingdom , upon the moat approved principles , and in Buck districts as may be necessary . Such halls to be used during ( hs day as Infant , Preparatory , and High Schools , in which the children shall be educated on the meat approved plans the association can devise ; embracing physical , mental , mbrai , and political instruction : and used of an evening by adults for public lectures on physical , moral , and political science—for readings , discussions , musical
entertainments , dancing , and such other healthful and rational recreations as may serve to instruct and-cheer the industrious classes after their hours of toil , aud prevent tha formation of vicious and intoxicating habits . Such balls to have two commodious playgroundB , and , where practicable , a pleasure-garden attached to each ; apartments for toe teachers , rooms for hot aud cold baths , for a small museum , a laboratory and general workshop , where the members and their children may be taught experiments in science , as well as the first principles of tbe most useful trades .
7 . To establish , in euch towns or districts as may be found necessary . Normal or Teachers' Schools , for tbe purpose of instructing Bihool-m&sters and mistresses in the most approved systems of physical , mental , and political training . 8 . To establish , on tbe most approved system , such Agricultural and Industrial Schools as may be required for tbe education and support of the Orphan Children of the Association , and for instructing them in some useful trade or occupation . 9 . To offer premiums , whenever it may be considered advisable , for tbe best essays on the instruction of children and adnlts , tor tbe best description of schoolbooks , or for any other object promotive of tbe social and political welfare of the people .
10 . To devise , from time to time , the best means by -which the members , in their several localities , may collect subscriptions and donation * in aid of the above object * , * mar manage the superintendence of the halls and schools of their respective districts—may have due control over all the affairs of the Association , and share iu all its advantages , without incurring personal risk , or violating the laws of tbe country . * if the numbers who signed the National Petition belonged to such an association , by paying a less sum than even a penny pe * week each person , they would be able to effect the following important objects every year : — £ To erect eighty District Halls , or Normal or Industrial Schools , at £ 3 , 000 eiich ... 24 O , oeo To establish seven hundred and ten
Circulating Libraries , at £ 2 « each 14 , 200 To employ four Missionaries ( travelling expences included ) at £ 260 per annum ... 800 To circulate twenty thousand Tracts per week , » t 15 s . per thousand 780 For printing , postages , salaries , Ate . ... 700 £ 256 , iSQ Leaving for incidental expences ... ... 120 £ 256 , 000 Submitting the above objects for your serious consideration , and resolving to make ertiry possible effort to establish fcuch an Association , we remain your devoted servants in the cause of human liberty and social happiness . .
We kn » w not what the concoetora of this document will g ay to onr ** breach of honour , " but , as the guardians of the people ' s cause , we know no breach of honour equal to that of sacrificing it ourselves , or allowing others to do so , without protest . We believe this secret movement to be fraught with mischief , and vre therefore hesitate not to brave all the displeasure of its authors by exposing it . There is already a National Association in existence , embracing all the objects of the proposed scheme . This Association , if legally constituted and honestly conducted , supersedes the necessity for another ; if not , it is requisite that its illegality , or its corruption , or the incapability of the means it
proposes to attain the end sought , should be demonstrated , that the necessity for another and more effective association may be shown . But the subscribers I ? this document , do not affect to find fault with the Association new in existence ; on the contrary , they say that they have " no disposition to oppose" it . This admission at once cuts the throat of the new movement ; for these parties must know that it is impossible to organise another "National Association" without crippling the energies of that which ia already in existence .
Ia fact , nope know better than those at the head of this " new move , " that its effect ,, if successful , must be so to divide the forces of the advocates of right as to neutralise and destroy the operation of their power . We have no Buch fear , however ; the peeple have too much sense to be diverted from their plain path , as we fancy that % good many of the replies receired by Mr . Lgfbtt , to hia communication , must hare conrinced him . Out of several of these replies , which have been sent to us , we give the following one , as a sample of the people ' s keen * ness of discernment : —
" Sib , —I am directed to inform you that the circular containing what may be termed , The Prospectus of the National Association of the United Kingdom , ' and which was directed to Mr . Joseph Hibbert , was by that gentleman handed over to the Association . It came very opportunely , aa we were' holding a Delegate Meeting when wo received it , and after canvassing its content * very minutely and strictly , we submitted it to a meeting it the members of tbe Association , who instructed me to inform you that they were extremely sorry to find that you , Sir , in whom the oountry placed so much confidence , should give your countenance and support to a scheme which is calculated to cause
division and distrust among tbe working classes . Tour acheme is a second edition ot Socialism ; our motto is , " The Charter and no Surrender . " You apeak of our public meetings as arenas " of passionate invective , party spirit , and personal idolatry . " Our " pasionate invective" is tbe honest outbreak of a suffering and oppressed people ; our "party spirit" is our determination not to be led astray by any who would divert us from our just and honoct purposes ; and ear " personal idolater * is our gratitude te our atedfut and unflinching friends . We know who tbat waa intended for ; but no ; principle ia our idol—of which you have a proof hi the fact that you and others of tbe people ' s idols now cease to command their adoration . "
We bare no fear fer the bamboozling of such people ! they are wide awake J They will therefore not need our assistance—or we might find it somewhat eaay to show " up this , attempt M one which Is eapakie of being made a flimsy eorer for as palpable an effort to " gull the natives" as we have aeen for some time . Let as not be misunderstood . We miko no charge against tbe six gentlemen whose names are appended to the document . We know bobjo of them to be men incapable of any thing dishonest or dishonourable ; and w « know nothing to the contrary of any of the »; but we say that the so ' neme is capable of being thus perverted ; an'd that , therefore , it is not one which th « people ought to take any steps for bringing into operatiop .. We say further , that the concoctors themselves have admitted it to be unnecessary , and jbAt that is another reason why the
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people should reject it . And the crowning reason of afi is , thai the attempt to establish it would necessarily fail , while it would as necessarily jeopardise tho whole strength and vigour of the movement , by dividing bur forces , and frittering away bur strength . Let the people stick to the National Charter Association of Great Britain—let them strengthen the present Executive—let them get the new Executive . eleoied—l « k the clasps be regularly visited and the funds collected and placed at the disposal of their own accredited and chosen officers : let a oneness of feeling and purpose be manifested by a . U , &nd our successes certain . Let : ns suffer ourselves to be thus split , and chopped , and divided , and onr defeat is certain .
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— i ^^) ROCHDALE . —Dr . M'Douall lectured h&re on Wednesday night , at the request of the Chartists , - on the evu alliance of Church and State , and the Old and New Poor Laws . The lecture was of the highest order—amusing , intelligent , and instructive , and was listened to with delight . CONGLBTON .-Oa Saturday evening last , about six o ' clock , the . Congleton Chartists proceeded to the junction of the Manchester and Maec } es . field roads , a short distance from the town , to meet Dr . ATDouall . On his arrival , such shouts were raised as made tbe welkin ring . A procession was tken formed as follows : Sevtral niembe » with staves—band—the Doctor in an open cab , accompanied by Messrs . Naseby , Swain , Liuney , and Burgess—members followed with rosettes . Several splendid flags wato visible in the procession , gently w&vipg in the bretite . At seven
o ' clock , the precession entered the town and proceeded through the principal streets , raising shouts of acclamation in different parts ; tbe concourse was immense . On their arrival at the room , which is situated near the Market-place , great numbers returned without gaining admission . Air . Naseby introduced tho Doctor . Mr . Burgesa read on address congratulating the Doctor on hia liberation from prison , and also on . his appearance a «» ong them . The Doctor then rose and expressed bis most sincere thanks for so kind a reception . He then expatiated upon the Suffrage , which he condemned as being too much contracted . Unity , he contended , was requisite in all their movements , and those victims who hAd been recently liberated , were prosecuting their plans with renewed vigour , and , lio had no doubt but , eventually , by perseverance , the whole Charter would be obtained , lie then sat down in the midst of applause .
Sunday EvENi ? iG , seven o ' clock . —The Doctor commenced by saying Ii 9 had read tbe Bible , and he would not state delusions , but facts . He found at the beginning of Genesis , that man originally was placed in Eden , but was driven out by God , cursed , arid told he should eat his bread by the sweat of bis brow ; but still was allowed the land to Hvo upon ; the woman was not cursed ; be then quoted from tbo New Testament to the same effect . But , usrfer the present system , both she and her offspring were cursed , and doomed to slavery , both by the Now Poor Law and others equally pernicious . He ( the Doctor ) had visited tbe houses of tbe poor , and found their means Mrere scanty in the extreme ; he bad also made inquiries into tho circumstances of royalty , and found them to be extravagant and highly injurious to the labourer . He said tbo cnarter waa tbe only means tbot would render to every
man bis own ; it undoubtedly would produce a great and serious change , but the sufferings would affect comparatively few . Although a many divisions existed , minor differences , both in politics and religion , ought to be superseded by reason and common sense ; he only wanted them to be Chartists ; their little differences were immaterial . The middle classes bad proved the most bos tile to them ; they would not only rob them , but their own . friends , if they had an opportunity . If tbe trades would , unite the Charter would soon be obtained ; It was them who gained the Reform BUL He wished them to be united , judge for themselves , and stand np for their equitable and just rights , and then he had no doubt but that , at no distant period , the Chartfer -wonM be gained . Tbemoeting , which was very large , separated In tho best possible order . He lectured on Monday evening to a largo audience , and was much applauded .
BARNSXiEY , —A public meeting was holden in the Odd Fellows' Halt , to petition and memorialise both Houses of Parliament for the restoration of all the imprisoned and exiled patriots . Mr . George .. Utley was called to the chair . Ho called on Mr . Francis Mirfleld to move this first resolution , who took a review of tbe proceedings which led to the prosecution and subsequent imprisonment of our brethren , and vindicated the character of the victims from the foul aspersions tbat had been cast upon them . He stated that persecution could not change men ' s principles , as every victim , as he emerged from bis dungeon , -took the earliest opportunity of demonstrating , both t » his tyrant persecutors and his fellow workmen , that nothing could make them afraid of defending the
oppressed from tbe tyrant oppressors . He moved the first resolution : — " That we , the people of Bamsley , deem it to be our duty to petition the Commons House of Parliament , to move an address to the Queen , requesting her Majesty to cause the immediate liberation , from tbo various goola of this country , of tbe whole of the individuals wlio have been Imprisoned for what bave been deotned political offencGs , and that & 4 soon as p » ssibl « , after tbe Honourable House has performed that duty , they will introduce into their Honourable House a bill to make the People ' s Charter the . law of the land . " Mr . Peter Hoey ,-who was received with the most enthusiastic demonstrations , which prevented him for several minutea from addressing the meeting , next addressed them . He spoke of his probation in prison , and adverted to the unholy junction between the Barnsley Whigs and Tories , in swearing against him at York , and conclnded amid the same demonstrations with which he was
received when ha commenced . Mr . David Pilmore pressed the adoption of the National Petition , which was seconded by Mr . Widdan , who spoke at great length ; after which Mr . Arran , the West-Biding Chartist missionary , came forward to support its adoption , and spoke for at least an hour , to the entire satisfaction of tbe meeting . The second resolution , as follows : — " Tbat it is the opinion of this meeting , that it is our duty to memorialise the House of lords to more an humble address to tbe Queen , requesting her Majesty to grant the same measure of justice to John Frost , Zuphaniah Williams , and William Jones , as bas been awarded to one Lord Cardigan , " was proposed by Mr . William Bygate , and seconded by Mr . Joseph Wilkin . son , each of whom addressed tbe meeting . The third resolution waa proposed by Mr . James Noble , and seconded by Mr . T . Crofts . It was to this effect : — " That tbe petition be sent to the Political Prisoner ' s Release and Chartist Petition Convention . "
The Babkslxt Chartists met at the house of Mr . Peter Hoey , on Monday evening , April the 5 th , Mr . John Armitage in the chair . The propriety of sending a delegate to tbe West-Biding Delegate Meeting , to take place April J 8 tb , was discussed , and was ultimately postponed till next Monday night derbt . —We have bad Mr . Vincent iu Derby , and the pretended sympathising factions bave shown the cloven foot We bave been driven from three rooms which we had taken for him to lecture in , on account of the interference of the faction * in disguise . Tbe last room we took we actually paid the money for it , and even then were not allowed the use ef it The landlord , Mr . Cantrill , Nag's Head Inn , St . Peter'sstreet , stated tbat be dare n » t let us bave the room
without the sanction of tbe mayor . We got hia worship ' s verbal sanction , but could not obtain a written one ; consequently , we were floored there also . The room we took previous to the Nag's Head above * named , waa arranged for to far tbat we posted tbe town with bills , ! and even then , the landlord , Mr . Glue , Talbot Inn , Iron Gate , stated that he dare not let us have the room according to promise , therefore the expence ot the bills and posting turned out to be of no avail . But we were determined not to be humbugged altogether . We borrowed a large band bell , and went round the town and cried—that on account « f the base conduct of the factions , in preventing the Chartists from holding their meeting , as announced by bills
now posted , that Mr . Vincent weuld deliver a lecture in the Marketplace , at seven o'clock that evening . We obtained an open haiae , and attended the marketplace , according to announcement , and Mr . Joseph Turner waa eleoted to take the chair . He arose to introduce Mr . Tlnoent to the meeting , when we were ordered to disperse . The crowd shouted out , " to Chester Green , to Cheater Green . " There we went , and Mr . Vincent addressed the meeting in an able and energetic style . Chester Green ia not within the predncU at tho borough . At the close ol the lecture , some young urchin area a pistol j luekily one Of our members seiaed the young desperado , and gave htm in custody of a policeman there present , or very likely we should have been charged with a breach of the peace .
BBXGHTOJ * . —A public meeting , at tbe Bed Cap , Portland-street , was held in this town , which was called by placard , and was very numerously ' attended . Mr . F . Page Was called to the chair . Mr . Flowers rose to propose , that Mr . William Woodward be elected by this Keeting aa a delegate to the National Petition Co * verntion ; be , concluded a very neat and appropriate speech , in which he , spoke of tbe past conduct of Uurt
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• -1-V .. ¦ . ¦• . ¦ ' - '" . li ' - . r " ' . ¦' ' •¦'¦ . ¦'¦"• . - ;¦ gentleman , and assured , h . ' m . that h « possessed his entire . conficlenoe . , fMr > i Thtunas , Reed rose next , and said he wished it to be underfctood that he bad not the slightest disrespect for , or die . trust in , Mr . Woodward , but on the contrary , be held a Y ery high opinion of that gentleman ; but still be had a person in bis eye whom be would much rather send to that Convention , on account of his age , longstanding in our ranks , his zeal and integrity , and therefore he be&'ged leave to propose Mr . Flowers . After tbe tremendous cheering had subsided , -which followed this proposition , Mr . Flowers rose and thanked- them for their kindness , but at the same time the duties of that Convention were too much for a man of his years , ( upwards of aeyenty . ) Mr . Woodward was a young man , and could attend to
those duties much better than he could ; he therefore begged leave to decline , and thought they , could not do better than elect that gsntleinan , M * Woodward . Mr . John Page next rose , and expressed bis sincere regret that Mr . Flowers had declined , for although he had the highest opinion of Mr . Woodward , he thoHght that those who bad been persecuted tb » jposfc . and longest , as they knew Mr . Flowers had , ought to-have konours conferred on . them , if they were about t » be conferred ; beides , Mr . F . bad given no sound reason why he could not act in that Contention . A person bad that day told him ( Mr . P ^ J that they bad seen our frie » d Mr . Elowersi workinglilteo bof « e , for this week part , in obtaining signatures t » the National Petition . H * therefore thought bis age could not be any excuse , aud
he was sure that the presence of that venerable gentleman would impart a grandeur to that assembly . Mr . Ellis begged leave to move that Mr . Allen be elected asa delegate to the National Petition Convention . Air . Allen declined t his circumstances would not allow him to accept that office , iodeed he had no desire to do so ; he hod seen enough of it . He concluded a short speech by stating that he thought Mr . W . a very proper person to sit in tbat Convention . Mr . Colling seconded the nomination of Mr . W . If Mr . Flowws and Mr . Allen hud stood , he should scarcely know to which to give the preference . He held the highest opinion of the whole of these gentlemen , but etill , if Mr . Flowers bad been willing to have gone' to that Convention , he certainly must say , that he thought he should Lave liked that tbe best ; but as it was , every gentleman would be satisfied with , and would elect Mr ,
Woodward . Mr . Flowers again rose , and said his friend Mr . P . had talked ef honours . He ( Mr . F . ) looked upon them as bubbles that soon burst and were gone . He thanked his friend and the rest of the gentlemen present ; for the high opinion , they always had , and still had of him . The only honour he wanted Was the glorious Charter of-our rights . He had lately bad a journey to London , and be was sure that that journey bad shortened hia days ; he had felt hi& health Impaired ever since , but still though he could not respond to their wish on this occasion , it always was , and ever would be , bis desire to do his duty to his family and emancipate the working classes . He concluded by declining , and recommending Mr . Woodward . : The motion was unanimously adopted . Mr . Woodward thanked the meeting in an excellent speech , and promised to do all in his power to forward his mission . Several new members were enrolled .
We understand the Chartist boys of Brighton intend to present our nmch-eat « emed friend Mr . Flowers with a token of tbeir esteem ; we have not beard what it ii to be , but we are sure it will not be a trifle . HALIFAX . —The Chartists of this place meet every Saturday night , for the purpose of reading the various Democratic publications , discussion , Ice , in their room , back of Waterhouse-street , over I-ynch ' s Coach Office . BATtEY . —A public meeting was held on Monday , tbe 29 th nit ., in the New Connexion Schoolroom , BatJey , to petition both Houses of Parliament for a total repeal of the Corn Laws , and Mr . A . Stewart , the anti-Corn Law lecturer , from Leeds , was invited to lecture on the subject . At the
commencement of the meeting , John Nussey , Esq ., the chaiaman , stated that he was highly gratified to seo and meet each an assembly on the present occasion , he thinking they had got the working men of Bailey once more linked in the chain of ruin ; but , while he was thus addressing them , Mr . Smith , a Chartist lecturer , from Bradford , rose and asked the chairman if they would accept a discussion upon the subject . The immediate answer wa ** Midi . " They had not called a public meeting for that , but merely to get the sanction of that meeting to petition both Houses of Parliament , for a total repeal of the Corn Laws . Mr . Clayton , a Chartist lecturer from Hudderefield , then stated that he would have a hearing on the subject . It was agreed by the party assembled , tbat the anti-Corn Law lecturer Bhould have one hour to deliver his address , vand then the Chartists might have a heariug . The anti-Corn Law lecturer had delivered his acUreSB , without
» ny interruption ; then eno ot the Corn Law repealers wanted the motions putting to the meeting before the Chartists had said anything , either for or against , what the anti-Corn Law lecturer had stated ; however , he was put down by Mr . Clayton , the Chartist lecturer , and part of the assembly . Mr . Clayton , then delivered an address in reply , showing the many evils which would be brought upon the labouring class if the Corn Laws were repealed without other accompanying measures . He was asked some questions by tbe chairman , which he answered . Mr . Smith , the Chartist lecturer , from Bradford , delivered a short address . The motions were then put , which had bean moved and seconded at the commencement of the meeting . The first that was put was , "That 1 Jthe petitions sent from that meeting should be for Uuivercal Suffrage . " The second was , " That the petitions sent from the meeting to botii Houses of Parliament , should be fora total repeal of the Corn Laws . " The former was carried .
NANTW 1 CH . —On Thursday evening week , Mr . Linney , of Manchester , leotured here in the Market Hall . Mr . Linney explained and defended the principles of the Charter , proving , in a spirited manner , the right of every man to the franchise . The Poor Law , and other bad laws , were well exposed by him . He gave the parsons a tremendous flogging for preaching contentment and non-resistance to empty stomach ' s . He concluded by advising the people to join the Charter Association , and erect Trades' Halls ; and he explained tbe plan of cooperation adopted by the Manchester Chartists . H « was listened to with the greatest attention for rather more than an hour .
ALEXANDRIA ( YALE OF Levkn . )—A public meeting was held here , on the 3 rd inst ., to take into consideration the National Petition , as set forth in the Northei n Star— when Mi . Tiwmason delivered a vary spirited and appropriate address upon the occasion ; after which the petition was unanimously adopted . It was then resolved to divide tho place into districts , and a committee of six men were appointed to wait on each district , in order to get as many signatures as possible . A committee was likewise elected , to look after the building of a large Hall , and getting up a public library , Mr . Thomasou being eleeted a member © f both committees . DUNPERMMSE . —Dnnfermline , so long asleep in the sacred cause of tbo people , appears to be
gaining new life . A ' better feeling is gradually pervading the working men , approaching to something like peace and unanimity . We bad a public meeting on Monday evening , 29 th March , to consider whether we should adopt the National Petition , Mr . W . Gib , journeyman baker , in the chair . In a pithy and concise manner , he enforced upen the meeting , the necessity of following this national plan , as a constitutional measure in which every Chartist would join . Mr . O'Connor ' s letter and the petition were then read , and appeared to give great satisfaction to the . meeting , who adopted the petition without a dissentient voice . Circulars were then read from Collins and O'Neil , and the London Chartists , after which the meeting broke up . Sheet * are in the course of signature , and will be sent in due coarse : the signing goes on with spirit . We send these IDs . for the Convention .
OU » BBUHN— PCBLIC MkETINO TO ABOrT THK National Petition . —A public meeting of ihe inhabitants of this place was neld in the Byker Building Sohwl-room , on Wednesday evening , the 31 st ult ., for th « purpose of adopting the National Petition for the return of Frost , Williams , and Jones , the release of all political prisoners , and making the People ' s Charter the law of the land . Mr . J . Hall in the chair . Tfce following resolution waa adapted : — "That this meeting is fully convinced that anything short of Universal Suffrage ean never raise th © induttrioui classes of this country to that position in
society to which they are entitled . We Hereby f kdfce ourselves never to cease agitatm * until V » ' eople ' s Charter is made the law of the land ; the return of Frost , Williams , and Jones to the boaoajs of their families , and tho release of all politwal prisoners . " The Chaiwaan read the petition te the meeting , which was uuanimonsly agreed to- A VOW of thtaka waa given to the Chairman , who acknowledged the compliment , after which * cneenr were given for the Charter , Frost , Williams , and Jones , FearguB O'Connor , O'Brien , and the rest of the incarcerated Chartists ; the meeting separated , after signing the petition .
WANDSWOR . TH . —A funeral address for John Clayton was delivered here on Monday last , by Mr . Charles Weaterton , of London . Eight hillings were cellected for Mrs . Clayton and the General Victim Fund , which has been paid to Mr . Cleavefour shillings for Mrs . Clayton , and four shillings for tbe Victim fund .
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_ s ^^ BRADFORiJ . ^ WlC Man-mo . - ! jrablfc meeting waabeldLi . n the Chapel . Long Croft Place , on Saturday eTemng last , for the pnrpoise of adopU ing the . Natuajal Petition , and . taking into consider * tioa the propriety of nominating a > : person to sit ia the _ Convention . Mr . ^^ Alderson was called to the chair . He dpeued the busjnesa of tho meeting bystating the objects , for which they bad mti , and introduced Mr . H ; Burnett to move the firat resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Hodgson , and anaaimoualy carrfed .: — " Thatin con of
, sequence the cruel treatment political offenders are subjected t-o is the several , dungeons of this country , we con * sider it our baunden duty to petition gthjr Members of the Commons Houseiof Parliament , praying them to address her Majesty , Qneen Yictori * , tor the liberation of all political prisoner ; also , to cause ihe People ' s Charter to be made the law of tbe land . ' The petition was then : read from the Stan xad ita adoption moved by Mr ^ . Robinson seconded iji Mr . W arrener and earned without one disseatienf / Ihei Chairm » a then informed the meeting theirflext business was to nominate a fit person to sit ia the Convention , if they thought croner . Mr . Hod « R * m
rose and moved , and Mr . Barnett seconded— " That , as the men of Hudde ^ sSeld have nominated Sfe . Pitteibly , we , the Chartists » f Bradford , conaide * ae ib as eomMteat * fQtmu as could have bee » nominated m the . Weat Hiding ; and , consequently-, will cooperate with tbe men of Huddersfield indefrayin # theexpences , flf Mr . Pitfcethly to and from London . " Carried UBanimously . The chairman then retjuested the ofcuncilmen present to exert themaelvea in their various localities to raise the , necessairy contribution ; after which a vote of thanks , was given to the chairman , and the meeting broke op , '
Chariot Tempkbance Meeting . —The members of the Chartist Temperance Stoieiy held their weeklr aeeting , on Sunday last , at the house of Mr . H . Barnett , No . 1 $ lieform-street . Mr . Bishop , president , in the chair . After reading O'Connor / s letters in tbo Star ; and tho English and Scotch Cireniur , the following resolutions were unanimously carried , after being moved by Mr . J . Whitehead , and seconded by Mrv eroft-- " That we , tbe members of the Chartiet Temperance Society , cannot be too grateful to Mr . Hill , Mr . Vincent , Mr . Cleave , disc ., as it is to thenrwe are indebted for the extraordinary progress the cause of temperance has made amongst the Chartists of England , Scotland , and Wales . " 2 ad , Moved by Mr . Burnett ,
and seconded by Mr . Alderson ~ ""That , notwith-8 tandinf ; tho assertion of Mr . O'Connor , in his letter on Church Chartism , Teetotal Chartism , Knowledge Chartism , and Household Chartism , that he objects to Teetotal Chartiem ,- because all who do not join it will be considered as unworthy their civil rights , we believe that the deep and prevailing diBtress which now exists amongst the' labouring classes of this country , is caused through the efSeets of intemperance and exclusive legialaiion , and coneider it is a duty imperative upon all ChartiBts to become total ' abstainers , for the more speedily and effectually removing the evils under which we labour : and do .
therefore , respectfully request the co-operation of ^ 11 our brother Chartists , in the tovmand district of Bradford , to carry out the gloTions eause of total ' abstinence , and , consequently , secure the acquisition of the People ' s Charter . " 3 rd . Mov « d by Mr . Servant , and seconded by Mr . D . Whiteheau—** That tbe thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby given , to Mr . Hill , Editor-of tho Northern Star , fot publishing our proceedings in the people ' s luminary ; also , to Mr . Cleave , publisher of the English Charlist Circular , and Temperance Record , for his kind offer to insert , any Chartist Temperance intelligence vrs may think proper to furnish him with , in that invaluable periodical , the English Circular .
Notice . —The Chartists of Bradford are informed tbat . Mr . George Ellis is no longer the nevys-sgent of the Chartist Co-operative Society , neither does he any longer pay one halfpenny per paper to the Victim Fund , The above Society has appointed Mr . Henry Hodgson to deliver out their papers , by whom all orders will be attended to . WIGAN , —Dr . M'Douali lectured three times in our Cominerciaal Hall , to crowded audiences . On Sunday afternoon , . for nearly one hour and a half , and on Monday evening , the Doctor lectured in his usual able manner , contrasting what labour was about 850 years ago and what it is now , and when he had done , a stranger disputed the Doctor ' s statements , and begged to ba heard next night , which
was granted ; on which occasion , Wm . Dickson was called to the chair . The Doctor stated and defended the six points of the charter in an able , convincing , and masterly manner , and thensat down , being Uulversally cheered ; and then the Irishman , Henry , got up and spoke like a sanctified Tory and uu principled Whig for nearl y ; forty minutes ; then the little Doctor conquered him in his short but pointed reply . The numerous body of Whigs and Tories who came to hear the Doctor defeated , heard our principles fully Btated and defended , _ and their champion floored . — Ou Satmrday ;» i&ht , . Mr . Butterwonh from Man » Chester , lectured in our Bear ' s paw large room , stating the right of labour over power , patronage , and plunder . James Hyslop made some shrewd and sensible remnrks ,
8 HEFP 1 B 1 . 1 > . —The Tories here thought they could gammon the people and the Chartists , to whom they sent an invitation to discuss with them the questions brought forward in a . work by Mr . Samuel Roberfc , * of Park Grange , whertsin he states thai * Chartism ia the offspring of the jfew Poor Law . Tho meeting were determined not ib be humbugged , so they elected their own Chairman ; but the " respectables" would not permit him to take the chair , and one of them , who Used the most disgraceful language , was a prcaeher of the Gospel ,
who insulted every one who dared to think or speak differently from himself . It was then put to the meeting , and carried unanimously , that an adjournment take place . The Chartists then gave three cheers for the Gharter , and left the meeting , and proceeded to their own room to transact their own business . Mr . Ottley , and two others , were appointed to go to Chesterfield on Eester Tuesday , to assist in a public meeting for the purpose of petitioning for tho release of the Cbartiit prisoners . The Corn Law repealers will hold a public meeting shortly in Sheffield ; but the Chartists are prepared to meet them .
WILTSHIRE . —On Sunday morning , tke 4 th instant , a delegate meeting was held at the Chartists ' chapel , Bradford ; delegates wera present from the following places , via ., Trowbridge , Bradford , Holt , Westbury , Warmmster , Kinstou , and Moakton Deverel . Mr . John Haswell was elected ODe of the delegates for Bradford . Letters were read from Mere , and one from Mr . Hipwood , near Devises , stating their devotion to the Chartists' cause . All gave a cheering account of the progress of Chartism
in their different localities , more particularly by Mr . Tudgey , who Baid since he beeame age&t for the Northern Star , tbe men ot Shaftssbury had begun to rouse tkemselres from their lethargy , and he hoped to have the pleasure of informing the delegates at their next meeting , that an Association had been formed in that benighted place . Arrangements were then made for Mr . Bolwell ' s services as lecturer for » week . It was also agreed that fhe next delegate meeting for the county be held at Ember-on-Down . near Salisbury Plain .
WSRTHYB TYDVlIi —It has been unanimously agreed npon here that Dr . M'Douali and James Leech , of Manchester , are fit and proper persons to serve on . the Executive Committee of the { National Charter Association of Great Britain . STAPLEFORD * neab Nottingham . —The black cloth gentry are doing their best to injure Chartism here . The hand-bills which were posted ai the recent visit of Mr . Bairatow were very kindly torn , off by one of these sprigs of piety . An ignorant fellow called a preacher among the Primitive Methodists was deputed to the quarter-day a few weeks ago , at Nottingham , at which meeting our talented
friend Mr . Dorman was to be ** tried" ft > r being » Chartist 1 ! This ignorant fellow brought us Mr . DormanV recantation in the following form : — OHm turry o'ive preech'd the devil ' swurla «» a Sunday but ot tuon' f no more I" Of course we have had the " nine days ' wonder , " but Mr . Dormaa was not to be gagged in the cause of justice ? and being appointed to preaoh in the Primitive Methodist Chapel , on Snnday last , and fearing the exposition of their base falsehoods , they suffered Mr . Dorman to come over from Nottingham , a distance of six miles , and then looked the doors of the Chapel and would net suffer him to go in ! Thia is taking a prop from their cause to support ours , for which we thank them . ¦ ¦ " ¦ . ¦•' ¦ . .. ' '" . ¦ ¦ ¦"'
NOTTINGHAM . —On Wedn « adaj ; night week , Mr . Henry Vincent Jectnred in the Theatre of this place , to a ' hig&lT gratified audience . Oa the Thursday night . tbe Theatre was quite fuUjand on Friday it wae crammed almott to snffocatwn . At tbeconetasion , he administered the ChartMt ToUl . Abstinence pUd * e to about fifty perronaj he bat , Kewite , at the refuest of » large pertion rf the mid « e and working classes who were disawwated ffl £ «* " * him , owing to theirnot being able to leav * tb « lrl « - sinesB , kindly oonsented t « give two wore lectuns on Easter rfonday and TuesJav ; and M . £ n « M «
Wednesday , and Sutton-in-Asanera on 'Aaarway when he depart * tor aelte ^ mt j ftr tte enaoinV wetk . Ab our theatre was engaged for the whole 3 Easter week , we applied fox theConiervativi > Hatt ; but w « re told by the person in charceof it , tha ^ he durst not let uUnit to pwach Ch * rta » aa in . . Had it been for any other pnrpose , wa ¦ honld kavenad it with pleasure ; bo v ? e are eompelled to have out owu chapel . The plan of Mr . Yinsent for individual petitions is about bein ^ adopted in this place , and we hbpe , says our correspondent , it will be followed throughout all the kingdom .
BBBXSOMSSBT , —At a special meeting of the Chartists , on Monday evening luifc , it waa onanimonsly agreed that the commodious room beknging ^ to Mr . Wrftae , landlord of the Horna Taverni CrtMnfix-lane , be engaged fox the vurpose of holding their weeklv meetings , on the Tuesday reaiBg , at eigjit o ' clock .
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AND LEEDS GEHEftAL ADVERTISli ,
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YOL . IV . ] N 0 . 178 . SATURDAY , APRIL 10 , 1841 . . ^^^ ff ,, ^ S " -
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1104/page/1/
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