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DAKIEL O'CONNELL , THE FRIEND OP THE POOR . ; DAirTEI , O'COT ^ ELL , THE EETILER OF THE > WIYE 5 ASD DAUGHTERS OF THE ' ENGLISH PEOPLE . i ( Concluded from our last . ) ! "So-w , Sir , to be sericus for a little ; though & ' laayer , it -vras no duty incumbent on you to ino-s * the lairs of the United States of America ; but , as a genii * \ nan and a man of learning , it might be expected of y » u ; that yon understood something of the laws of a country j of bo much importance ; and , as a legislator of this i kingdom , so very extensively , in various ways , con-. nected -aita that republic , give me leave to thick that ! it "was your duty to know something of the principal .
laws in force In a country , the freedom and prosperity j of 'which have become subjects of so much admiration ' Uaoughout the civilized ^ roild . Tet , that you know nothing of those laws , more than you do of the la-ws ef • the Cherokee nation of savages , is certain ; otherwise it i is impossible that you could have put forth , even in ; 2 > ablln , this sireeping reprobation of the English poor larva ; seeing that the famous act of the i 3 d year of j Elizabeth is in full force in every state of that republic , and that it is acted upon in the most kind and attentive manner . I cinnot speak positively , but I think , that ire could not pay less than fitly thousand dollars a year in poor-rates , in the city of Philadelphia , thirty-two years ago . I dare say that the poor-rates of the city of
Jfe-sr York now amount to more than a hundred thousand dollars a year . Both cities have jx > or-houses of prodigious dimensions ; and , which -trill doubtless fill you ¦ with indignation , the youths of " xrild-mcrrimeni" are the most nuiiierons and the most permanent inmates ef tlie " Rated cells" of those poor-houses ! Many a rcore dollars have I myself paid for tlie relief of the merry lads and lasses , in both cities , and never jrrudged SO to do ; and many a pound have I paid for the relief of similar merry persons at 3 £ exsi > 'GTgs ; but not without grudgiug , knowing ¦ well , that what I pay , in this "way , is , in reality , given to the crafty and hard-hearted landlords of Ireland . 1 never lived in any place in Amtrica without paying the T > oor-rata . And it even happened , -when I lived in
Long Island , tfce overseer of cur township North HempsteaD ) came and took a servant girl away to her township ; FLrsBl > G , she being in a state which the delicacy demanded by Irish ears forbids me to name . "We being greatly in want of the services of the girl , I bested feard fsr a respite for a few days ; but thsts-emcio guardian of the morals and the money of the township V ; is inexorable : " Mr . Chawbnt comes from oM England : Mr . dnwbat must know the laic , and Mr . Chawbut nrast fcuow that the law ir . usi be obeyed ; " and , vrith that , he put her into his cart , and away he took iier and married her , I hope , to a very good husband . So , you see , Sir , that you have , in this memorable piece of intense eloquence , -wasted a great deal of very line indignation upon a very common-placs subject .
However , to give you something beyond thsse assertions of mine , 1 st me first inform you , ttiat , some ye ^ rs ago , several pariih ' . s , in the east of Sussex , sent cnt , at their own expeEce , to Sew York , divers ftmilit-s , who , from tfceir maieronsness , were greatly tanier .-Bome to Hioss parishes ; and , some years before iLat , Borne £ arroer 3 -went out , from the same neighbourhood , also from New Yoik . They sent some letters to their relations , giving an account of thtir country , and cf their atuation , end , generally , beseechin ; their fathtrs
and mothers and brethren and friends to follow them . I , hearing of this , and -wishing to dissuade English people from going , if they did go abroad , from goirg to any other country but the United Stites , "weni down into Sussex , &rw the parties -who had received in ? letters got from them ( I have them now ) , and p-jblishrd them in my little work called " The Emigt . am ' s Guide , " which every member of both Houses of Pirlismeni , and especially my Lord Geet , ought to read , and particularly the letters of these excellent people , the . labourers of Sassar . It I had Hover carerl a"bont
Eaglisj . labourers feefore , thesa letters would have rivetted them to my heart . Affectionate parents , dutiful children , lovers of their country : there are all tbe virtues here I And those are the people -whom the garre :-lodged prigs of the London newspapers call " iffaorazl peasantry , " acd Mr . Sheil called " iTc 72 . ' : ri boors ! ' Bat , ths interesting thing at present is , what did ihise people say about poor-lairs in America . Now , Sir , do , pray , look at the little book . If I were hi hsme , I -would tend you a copy . Look first in page 92 , at a letter from farmer Besjamix Fowle , addressed to his cousin , Daniel FowiJE , of Sroardec , in Kent , and dated from Ttica in the State of New York . He i 3 describing to his cousin the happy state of the country ; and he thus speaks of the poor-laws : —
«• I have beea poor-master of this town for many years , and I find it a rare thing for & resident to became an anrMal town-charge . " But strangers and temporary poor te had freqtientiy . Then he adds , that he knows cf no one vrho t-xkes the trouble to lock his doors by ni < jhL So , you see , honesty and virtue can co-exist with ol . ! Betty ' s law , -which , you say , degrades people and destroys their cbsr ^ ter , and makes them slaves ! But "What the labourers say on the subject , in their letters , ia still more interesting , and more to the point . Look at pages 55 and 35 . The -writer is STEPHEN W ^ T 50 >" , jun ., of Seddltscomb , near Bittle , in Sussex ; and I got the letter from his father , -who no-w lives at
Scddlesccmb , and-whose nan-e is also Stephen WaTSOS . In his letter , dated at Albany , 5 th Oct ., 1823 , he tells his father this : — " Do not make yourselves unaisy about ns ; for if we cannet yJ . a living here , here is a poos-HorsE , j ust the sajie as i >; Esgla > d . " Oh ! " ihe jiars of tee poor-laws . '" Then , on the 29 th of March , he , beginning his letter -with " Honoured father snd mother , " -writes thus : — " The laics of this country are as good as in England : the poor are well taken care of : there is a large houss in this place for the accommoda tion of the old and infirm that are not able to work . " The Aa / e -wanted none , for the -work -was always plenty .
How different , Sir , the American patriots and legislators are from you . ' Tou will , by no means , have a provision for toe aged , lest it shoal j cause laziness and improvidence in youth , and lest it should deprive parents of the aid and the ailsctionate attachment of their children J How wide the difference between the American and the Irish philosophy ! Siephen Wat-SOS , -who calls his father and mother " honoured , " and "who , I'll be bound for him never said " yGiir banner " to any man in all hi 3 life , does not , yon see , seem to
think that poor-laws make " slaves ' He saja , " tie lairs cf this country are as good , as in England . " And ¦ why ? Because ihe poor are well iaktn care of , and because there is ^ poor-house . Now , Sir , -will you acknowledge that you have done Now , Sir , -will you acknowledge that you have done
• wrong to English poor-laws and English labourers ? Tou will cDt ? Very well , then , I will proceed , and g « right forward into your comparative estimate of thd cKa'aclcr and condition of the English and the Irish TForkirg people . And , in the way of pr = faea , l = t na have ycur era description of Ireland , and of iU people , & 3 published in your address to the Irish nation , dated at Dublin , on the 6 th of this month . " I begin -with calling your attention to these truths : — " First—That there Is not , on the fa&a of the globe , a more fertile country than ours , nor any one that producer , for its extent , such a superabundance of ah the prime , netxis&ries for it * food , clothing , and oomjori of its inhabitants .
" Secondly—That no country is so well circumstanced for general commerce as ours ; we are at the Western Extreme of Ecrop ^ , with a direct rnf % ation to tTery maritime state in Europe , -whilst our connexion with Aaia and Africa is b 7 open ocean space ; and with the free American Re-publics our intercourse may be the most direct , rapid , acd unconfined . " Thirdly— -Oar green island is indented by spacious roadsteads , magnificent bays and estuaries , and capacious harbours—harbours open at every hour of every tide ., aad sheltered from every tcind , and Becure from every tempest . "Fourthly—Oar fertile island , too , is extensively intersected by navigable rivers ; and the hard and durable materials of which eur roads are , or may be formed , ¦ would easily affyrd the means of ready communication and speedy intercourse -with every part of our productive soil .
" Fifthly—The streams th . at rnsh from our maja ' . ic mo-MiSxins , or S 7 rt * ep with abundaui and rapid course through our greet and g l orious valleys , g : ve a superabundant multitude qZjtAU sites , and afford the cheapest and most heaUTifu ! poicer for the rrcrrkijrj of manufaciories in the known -world . "Sixthly—Our climat * is genial , and conducive to lonj life and mosly vigmr . 2 \ o parching suns scorch , oar plains into aridity , or our people into decrepitude J « o chilling frosts destroy the power of vegetation , or thin our population by the pinehing blight of excessive cold .
" Ssventlily—This Ixe ^ y land is inhabited by a people brave as they are patievi , generous as they are hardy , good-humturtd as they are laborious , intelligent , numerous almost beyond the ncmber of the oppressions they ara made to endure . Suffering -woes themselves , they are full of active and prodigal compassion for Vie poor and ths needy ; and , above all , they ^ re s people deeply impressed vith all the nneerity of religious belief , and with the incalculable valee oi religious practices . Differing , as many of them do with each other upon various point * of faith , they one aad all scorn and dtksi infidelity ; and ths infidel or the btheist , if he were to rear his detested head amongst us , would find that spee-jy punishment from universal opinion YiuclJ would render the inflictions of law needless , and "woald anticipate and rvptrssde aU legal pvni&hmeni .
" 2 dj countrymen , these truths are undatable . Such is a faint sketch of Ireland aad her population . Why are the blessings of God perverted ? How are the generous and noble impulses of man blighted ! Why is Ireland in a stats of decrepitude and decay 1 Why are her fcowas la general dwindling into villages ? Why are ha villages »' frequently disappearing 1 Why are far farmers emigrating , or sinking into labourers ? Why are her labourers almost unemployed , or wholly starving ?" "Well , then , as fn as the sev = n heads of description go , here is a Aftzqj * upon earth ; and these are sli " tni ^ tvndatia ^ . - So that , if we do not fled the Irish-iabooreo setter , in character and condition than the Bngftah , m 9 ^ hail-her ! nnd no argnmeat against" the Poor Law « . B& before I enter on the c » rnpari £ Qn , I feel p » attaetaoe forcibly . arrested by a sc / ilinvrJ in tii «
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. peventh paragraph , and by an assertion in the last of all ; and on tteso I must remark before I go an inch further . In the seventh paragraph , you , in the excess of your religious zeal , condemn the " infidel" to a popular punishmsnt , superseding the operations of the laic ( th 3 t is to siy , to knocking on ( he head ) , it he dare to raise that " detested head" in the " green island ;'' and yit , only about two yeara ago , you xcere perfectly clamorous for putting the worst of all ivfidels , the Jews , upon the bench and in the King ' s Council ; infidels who not only raise their " detested heaii , " but -who raise tfceir horrible voices also , to declare Jesus Christ to have been " an impostor , " and who , amongst the biasphemous rites of their synagogues , are Baid to crucify him in effigy twice in the year ! In short , two yesrs ago , you were for unchristianizivg the country by law , and now yon are for knocking the infidel on the head , without Judge or Jury ! Now , could this subject have had your " daily thoughts , nightly musings , and moraing meditations . " in both cases ?
\ The assertion to -which 1 have alluJed , and -which is in the last paragraph , is this^— " that the towns of Ireland are dwindling into villages , and that its villages am frequently disappearing . " Compare this assertion ¦ with tfce oath that you made before the Committees of the House of I / ords in l ? 25—namely , that the popula'> tion of Ireland had been , and still was , prodigiously increasing , and that a surplus population was one ef the causes of ihe misery of ihe people I That -was your j oath , oi words , I pledge myself , fully to that effect i Which statement are -we , then , to believe 1 Will you I say that this dismal decay of towns and villages has I taten place since 1 S 25 ? Hardly 5 for , then , we shall , a ? k you what are become of your splendid promises of I prosj-erity to Ireland -which Emancipation was to give ? And ; more serious still !) where are those " nine millions , " that " groicing importance , " which you put forward as the ground of Ireland ' s claisi io an equality with Englani ?
; And now , Sir , let your Dablin sndience remain clap bands and hvizzi , -while you and I enier on that 1 comparison which you have provoked , ) of the relative j character and condition and winners of the Irish lads I of " wild merriment , " and the " English sulky slaves of \ the poor laws . " I First of all . it is of importance to observe that , as to \ the means -which are the gift of God , -the Irish have , ! from your own accourit , greatly the advantage over the I English . IVr , -while you assert that there is not on the ; face of tlv . Globe , a country more fertile than Ireland , it - is well known that there are many more fertile than ! England ; for , though , by incessantly scratching and ' tumbling it about , we do make it produce a good deal ; i still , when you come to your " majtstic mountains , '
! pouring down streams into "gloricua TaJieys , there to •; set endless mills and manufacturies" into motion , aud ; that , too , in promoting of " health" at the same time ; ; when yoa come to these , you make us feel our inferiority , ' and , above all , on the scere of greenness , in which rej spect you appear to surpass us beyond all comparison . i There are , indetd , persons not sa devcttdiy and ex-! clusivi-ly attached to this p . irt : cular colour ; and , for instance , 1 have nool jeetion , r . ay , 1 like , to see a part { and a great part of a country broicn ; and , at Che time ; of the yenr , white . Tou , however , deem greer . ucss the I mirk cf perfection ; and you have it : the " English people'' have not robbed tbe Irish ' of that , at any rate . Again , we have indeed " harbours" too ; but not , like von , harbours " open at every huur of every tide , and
sheltered from every jrisd , and secure from every " innpc- ' . " We are obliged to wait for ths tidea , whether coming in or going oat : and with all oar moorings au . l doabie moorings , rur ships are frequ-. ntly driven on the beach , or out to sea . These toils and dangers are , it seems , unknown to Ireland , to the p ? ople of'Which " lovely land" the proverb of " time and tide waiting for no man ' , must ha -wholly without a meaning . But , Sir , now c : nies your great difficulty ; f jr , if these , which you have given us here , be " tru'y undeniable ; " if such be the natural resources and advantages of Ireland ; if no spot of the globe exceed her in fertility ; if she be favoured in the manner that you describe -. anti yet , if as you say is the case , " the bleiEinss of God are there so perverted , that she is in a
state of decrepitude and decay , her towns dwindling ir . to villages , he * vi' ! -ijts disappearing , and her labourers almost unemployed , or wholly starving ; ' and , if , as we know to be tie case , her p = opleare Been wandering orer this our country snot so blessed by Go .-l ) in search of food , and in a state nearly approaching to tiat of actual nakecless ; and if , as yuu insist , Poor Laws , to secure thtm food and clothing at heme icou- 'd not belter their lot : if all this be so ; or rather , if all this were so , we should , like tbe English Grenadierof the Guards , Klea he landed in Virg inia , be tempted to exclaim , ' ¦ Tbe A'lamand Eve of this people surely came out of Sercjate . lz will not do for ven in this case to say that the
" b ; ess : ngs of God have been p-rverted" by the English , until , at least , you have rtpUcd to my answer to your charfra ; ainst us on that score ; ami besules , the public have not alres'iy furg « Uen that you represented that " tm-juicipition" which you obtaintd even beyond the extent of your petitions , as ail that Ireland wanted tu make her conuntc-. l and hir . py and everlastingly grateful to England : and that you pledged you ; self that the adoption of that measure would enable the Government to draw additional millions of revenue from Ireland . We have not so soon forgotten those your a-tliousandtimes repeated declarations ; and , therefore , we deny you the right to impute to us this " perversion of the blessings of God . "
You must , then , impute it to yoursslves ; or you must confess that your country calls for that very institution ; tLat great English institution , which we are about te tender yon , and which you are endeavouring to prepare y&ur miserable countrymen to reject as a scourge . Look at the difference in the working people of the two countries . You have , if you Co speak the truth , the advantage over us in climate and soil ; and you have , you say , a people , " hrure , patient , generous , hardy , good-humou ^ td , labor ious , and intelligent . " Yet look at ihe d' jfereirce ir . ihe people , and particularly the vcork
ing people , of the two countries ! Look at it : consider it well : here , indeed , is matter for an Irish legislator to think , muse , and meditate upon . When did you , or anybody else , evcr ses or hear of Englishmen prowling about in binds cf half-naked beggars , io any country upon earth : when did you ever hear of the necessity of taking ll . cm up by force , and carrying them like malefactors anil tossing them back upon their native shores : when r'id voj ever bear of ( hem being an inenmbrance to any peopia amoegst -whom they Went : when , since yoa talk of thtir hove ' s , did you see
, or hear of English labourers being in hovels , in company-with the pig , the flesh < f which they weTe ries' lined never to taste , both feeding pn the same board , warmed by the same ehimneylass fire , and both blackened by the same smoke : when , since you
talk of the " naked cells" of the poar house , did you ever hear of thousands of ihe : n living on stinking shell-fish , sea-weed , an . 1 ne . t ' . t-s , and of thousands at a time receiving the last efficts of religion as preparatory to death from starvation : when , s : nce you call them slaves , did you ever see or hear of one oiihem applying tae cringing and fivmir . g appeHfttion of " your hanreer" to any human being , much less to any thing , though groom or footman , from whom tht-y expected to co-x a farthing or a mouthful of bread : whtn did you ever hear of English labourers "who needed , er Who would contentedly svjfer , an employer to stand over them at their work ; when did you ever hear ( f their dsreil ' wgs being destitute of eYery mark cf dtaaUness and of decent restrve , having about them no traces of human existence within , except the feculent-heap at the door , which nature herself would call upon them to hid-: -when did you ever see or ever hear talk of one of Vieir rural habitations , not having about it
! nr .: ess rendered impossible by local circumstances ; gooseberry aDd currant bushes , beds of parsley aud ether i > -jrb 3 , plants of wall-flower and biennial stock , clumps of I'ulyanthusfcs , daisies , and bulbs , and other flowers , and , where possible , plants of roses and hi'neysnciles , trained round their -windows , or over their doors , with the greatest care and the greatest taste , of ail which , together with apple trees grafted by their own hands , and together also with stalls of bees , the resuli of their own care ; there are more in a circuit , embracing ten rural parishes of England , than there are to be found in possession of all the millions of labourers that inhabit the " lore ' y land .- " -when , lastJy ( not to suffer the provocation to urge me further ) , did you ever see or hear of an " E ' - "jlish slave" disowning llie constry of his birth , aad -wherever found , and under whatever circumstances , not forward to proclaim himself an Englishman , and to boast of the honour of the tiaz&B 2
Kow , Sir , avoiding , as something too painfnl to encounter , a detailed exhibition of the other side , do I ascribe the dijrerence to the nature of the Irish people , to any inherent vice in them ? By no means . I ascribe it to the diff-rence in the treatment received by the two people from their rulers . Not to any thing done by England to Ireland 4 but to the former not having compelled the domestic rulvrs of the latter to treat the Irish working people as thj English working people have been treated , during the last two centuries and a half ; and particular !} - to its not having compelled the owners of the land in Ireland to leave enough of its produce in the several parishes , to provide for the wants of the destitute ; its 13 effectually done in Ecgland and America by these famous poor-laws , which
Blackstone truly says , are " founded in the very ' principles of cirU society ; " but the unspeakable benefit of which you are now labouring , though I trust in vain , to prevent your ill-treated , unhappy , and ever-troubled country from receiving . I allow , that , as to this mat-. ter , your efforts have received but too much countenance from those of persons in tbis country , who have , ' long , and particular ) y « u 3 ce the publication of the boot j of the foolish md unfeeling M altiivs , been esdeavour-; ing to chip away the meaning , intention , and effect of the poor-laws . Siu . bg . es Borssi ' s Birrs were a bold stroke ; but , the inventors , when they look at the avrfu ] cxnsequtHxs , will find little reason to congratulate
, themselves on their success Those bills have already cost them ten thousand times more than the bills would have saved them in a hundred years . In 1819 , the present Lord Chancellor said , that he -was " prepaied to defend , to their utmost extent , the principles of Maithus . " He has pledged himss ' f to bring in a poor-lafr bill this session , to sur plant , I suppose , the bill of Lord Tsr . VH . tJi , which would in effect have repealed the hutcd bills of Stueges Eourne , and have restored peace to the villages and hamlets . If tbe Lord Chancellor ' s Bill do not lessen the extent of ihe claim on the poor-rates , it vr ; ll be a lacit giving up of ilALTHCS ; aid , if it do , & till to alter the '
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succession to the down -would no * be more td / dj / Oh , no ! This law is immortal ; it has lived un der all changes of dynasty , and changes of forms of government , in England and in America ; It ia -written in tbe hearts of the people , it is " founded in the first principles cf civil society ; " it makes , if duly administered , even the poorest man feel that he has an interest in all the property around him ; it is the ground , the good ground , tbe solid ground , but the sole ground , upon which tbe poor man is called upon to take up arms in defence of the rich -, it is , as I said before , the bond of peace , and the cement of society ; woe be unto those who shall attempt to destroy or enfeeble it in England , and the just reproach of mankind -will in the end , be the inevitable lot of all who shall attempt to prevent its adoption in Ireland .
It was my intention to make some remarks on that part of your speech where you speak of the sort of reform which yon demand for Ireland , and Where you clearly enough hint at the attempts which yon shall make to cause a separation , if the intended reform be not such a * you shall deem "just ; " but , not having time ta do justice to this subject now , and extremely anxious to act justly towards you , I must defer it till another opportunity ; and , in the meanwhile , offering you , if you deem it worth your while to use them for the purpose , the columns of my Register as a vehiclo for any rep'y that you may choose to give to this letter , I remain , Sir , Your most humble At » d most obedient servant , Wm . Cobdett .
[ We have now given the entire of Cobbett ' s most admirable reply to O'Connell's infamous libels upon the English working people ; and the reading of it must call forth ono universal feeling of regret that the wieldcr of such a powerful pen in defence of the rights of the poor has been removed from , the stage of esUtence , and not permitted to take a part in the fight just now waging between right and might . It is needless to say , that O'Connell never attempted t 9 answer tbe reasonings of Cobbett upon the questions discussed in tue letter here ended . He contented himself with following out his crooked policy , and " the just reproach sf mankind" for the part he has played , is now being heaped upon h s head ! while the name and memory of Cobbett are held in universal reverence and . esteem 1
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THE GOVERNMENT AND THE COUNTRY . The election has given to Sir Robert Peel a majority of from seventy to eighty votes . For Conservative objects , or for practical measures of general good , he can form a btrong Government ; but for evil , opposed to opinion , he is powerless . We do not say that bad measures cannot be carried , for bad messurea are often not unpopular : but no measure adverse to public opinion can be passed in the teeth of an Opposition 2 ' JO strong , exasperated by defeat , active , nDscrupulous , nnd backed by the returning spirit of the country . Tbe attempt , indeed , would be destructive to liis power
It would deprive him of the prestige of success ; it would cause misgiving in his own party and raise the hopes oi his opponents ; and though it might not lead to his early expulsion from office , unless unpopular enough to encourage the Queen to dismiss him , it would reduce him to the state of the Whig Ministry during the last five year 3 . The fears of those , honest perhnps , brit certainly most mischievous Reformers , who have ever shaped their conduct in order " to keep out the Tories , " and concluded by " letting them in ' in strength , may therefore be blown aside . Active evil we are not likely to receive from Sir Robert Peel . Are we likely to get any good ? Yes , */ he understands his oicn position .
It is pretended by Whig writers that the Orangemen and the High Churchmen will destroy Peel . This is possible , but scarely probable . The Conservative strength has grown to be such that the leaders can now actually afford to offend . A dozin votes are of no consequence : the soldiers who are mutinous may be drummed out of the camp , with a greater gain from a " move in the right direction" than loss from the dismissal of some dissatisfied follo-wers . But , as far aa appearances go , there seems little ground for anticipating Conservative disunion . The violence of an Irishman , whether orange or green , is always mollified with a place in prospect which can only be gotten by good behaviour ; and the speeches of the Irish Prottstant leaders have of late been rather tolerant or coriciJatory
in religious matters—certainly more so than those of tno Catholics . Any " dual number" that might be named , if disposed to run -wild , may new be dismissed ; and the- rabid Churchman can scarcely be said to have a voice in Parliament ; we doubt whether the true Church-militant has an organised party in tho country with followers as well as leaders . Their public existence , we apprehend , is limited to an irregular press , and that press not the organ of a circle of opinion , but only representing the individual writers , and only upheld by their individual ability . Of course , if Sir Robert Peel chooses , he can very soon destroy himself . Tho delicate question of morale of his ministry is under daily discussion ; a poiat of most consequence in the show-offices about the parson of the Sovereign , -where there is no excuse of business , which goes a long way in England . But should Sir Robert introduce known or Buspected libertinism into the Palace , he will excite against him
the feeling of tbe respectable part of the country , which , not habitually regarding public politics , is jealous of private conduct , and will make no allowances for personal conveniences which it does not apprehend . If he select violent or distasteful colleagues , or men of honest but extreme and foolish netions , he will rouse against his Ministry , as the case may be , the millions of Ireland , the Dissenters of Great Britain , or the Free-traders of the United Kingdom , including those of his own party . And should he be inclined to lay the flittering unction to his soul that he has got his majority , let him remember , what the Liberal party seem always to have forgotten , the power of moral force . Devoid of character , a majority is useless whilst it hangs together , and soon crumbles away . In June 1836 , a majority of eighty-six reaffirmed the Irish Corporation Bill in opposition to tbe Lords : in Juno 1837 , the House of Commons was the sas ' . ie , but where was the majority ?
In looking at Sir Robert Peel ' s pssition , the composition of his adversaries' force must not be forgotten ; and in that the elements of disunion are as rife as in his own . . Lord John Russell's address to his censtituents breathes the sentiments of a measured an . l moderate Opposition , whose strategy is to be based upon Free Trade . But on the great point of this question , the Cern Laws , several Whigs will support Sir Robert Peel ; and will Mr . Roebuck , with some other ultra-Radicals , consent to be muzzled upon their questions , in obedience to the tactics of one of -whom they are not bound to acknowledge for their leader ? Unless the country be disappointed by his weakness , or exasperated by an attempt at the old Tory strong-hand method of
rule , so as to animate the hopes of the Opposition , that Opposition is just as likely to break up into section as the Conservatives . Many old Whigs will at first offer no " factious opposition" to Sir Robert Jfeel , —coming down only upon field-nights , and not always then ; and at last , as they get disgusted—so they will say—with the insolent language of O'Connell and his tail , and offended by the " extreme opinions" of Mr . Roebuck and his followers , they will quietly drop into the Conservative ranks , —with which , indeed , their opinions now more naturally ally them . It is quite as much upon the cards that Sir Robert Peel should increase his majority from tbe differences among the Opposition , as that the Opposition should break up the Ministrythrough Conservative dissension .
Lnder average circumstances , therefore , Sir Robert might calculate upon a certain tenure of ofSce fur the next Parliament , if he confined himself to little more tLan to carry on the Government : if he actively applied himself to mature aud carry those practical measures whieh have no relation to party politics , hia tenure of office might endure for his life . But he is beset Vy difficulties , and compelled to action , through two cireuBiitances—the distress of the country , and the deficiency in the revenue . " Distress" is a word often and easily used without eTidence of its existence ; nor can evidence readily be addsced , Bince no individual has sufficient knowledge of facts to pronounce upon national distress . But on this occasion we have the strongest reasons for
believing that very gTeat and general distress does exist in the country ; that millions are subjected to hardships and privations , tho nature of which many of our readers cannot even imagine ; and that numbers of persons throughout the entire triding body cannot live upon their income , but muust encroach upon their capital , if they have any , and if not , must run into debt Nor is this surprising . Not to mention the high price of the secondary necessaries , sugar , &c , wo have had for some years past a succession of bad harvests , almost doubling the price of corn , compelling the poor to do without many things , and to stint themselves in all to procure bread , without being always able to obtain even it in sufiident quantity . This limitation of the general means of purchasing among the millions , to almost one article , must have affected tho dealers in every other commodity they usually consume , and distressed those trades ; the exportation of gold further the whole
deranged commercial system , and brought many to bankruptcy : the "little wars "that have boen waj / ed , cr are waging , in Canada , South America , Syria , and China , lessened , as Sir Robert Peel troly observe d , the demand for goods in those markets : at home , the unsettled state of p-jlitics , coapled with the opei * tion of the other causes , limited the | axurious expendi " aire of the upper classes ; and from the action and reac . ^ on of all these circumstances , the existence of diitrc&s might fee theoretically pronounced . If sir Robert 1 ' ' eel cannot relieve this distress , or rather cannot hoi i out hopes of relief , he will have to bear the odium ° f its existence ; though so far as Government is con , ' « ned , his predecessors oaght to be tho responsible pt . tons . It is useless to clamour against the justice of tL < s—& is a fact , which cannot be altered by railing ; it is part of the price of Place .
The deficiency in the revenue is * direct difficulty , which must be grappled with ; for it k the uoint which brougbt on the battle with the Wfc . < S S > ' ^ d it in in reality the ground on which they inte . ^ to b ^ so their future operations . If Sir Robert Petl , ' » ou 'd resort to temporary evasions , they will not permit ^^ . ' and the deficiency he has to deal with may be ia ; * i ai nearly
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— iiithree millions ; it may possibly approach fo \ McmUUon 8 . Thia the Whigs may point blank deny ; the Tories will hope against hope : hero are the data . Mr . Baring , in bis Budget , estimited the actual deficiency at £ 2 , 400 , 000 ; but part of hts statement waa founded on a confessedly conjectural account of the East India Company , as to the expenses of the China war ; the actual cost of which , at the time spoken of , would probably raise the deficiency nearer to three millions than to any other figure , besides the additional expences which may yet become necessary . Since then , tbe revenue baa gone on declining : sugar , whose consumption the Tories , in the Budg 6 t debate , reckoned would increase , exhibits ,
according to the Globe , » decline of £ 580 , 000 on the year ending in July . Should the harvest be plentiful , the pressure of the public distress will be lessened , and some stimulus will be given to consumption : on the other hand , corn , which last year yielded nearly £ 1 , 200 , 000 , will produce much less . Should the harvest fail , the general prospect will be lowering enough ; but the importations may still not yield as much revenue as last year . The Corn Law averages would be " worked , " and the bulk of the imports pushed in at tha shilling duty . Sir Robert Peel may therefore , we repeat , make up his mind to deal with a deficiency of some three millions , which a series of unlucky circumstances may carry on towards four millions .
How can he meet it ? The chatterers of his party went about saying he would r « impose tha Postageduties : the Whigs could desire nothing better . The attempt would excite one-half of the country and unite the Opposition to a man . The Tory Members for London , ' Liverpool , and Leeds , with some other commercial towns , viust gather under t their banner ; other members would probably absent themselves ; and it is possible the Conservative Premier would be defeated . But if he managed to force the odious measure through the House , what would it give him ? One million ; nay , not that , for the expences of the Post-office have increased by nearly £ 200 , 000 , and could not immediately be reduced . If ho try to reimpose the Hou&e-duty , there is the same risk of defeat , and the . same deficiency in result ?; for dear postage and the old house-duty both togethtr would yield little more than two millions ,
being short by one-third of the sum he requires ; and every Opposition speech would contain the assertion that the Whig Free Trade Budget would have rendered new taxea needless . "What fiscal ingenuity may devise to take money pleasantly out of people ' s pockets , we do not know : wo can see but two modes of supplying the deficiency of the revenue , —a Property-tax , with a . revision of the Tariff ; a revision of the Tariff , broad , bold , but well-considered in itself , and considerate towards existing interests , with the reserve of a Property-tax should it not succeed in making np the deficiency after a few years' trial . For , pledged as Sir Robert Peel is to protection and the sliding- ? cile , he cannot deal with many duties aa matters of revenue only ; and the critical state of our West Indian Colonies , with the nascent speculations in India , called into existence by an act of tardy justice in equalizing all the revenue that could be raised if we threw our Colonies and India
overboard , and admitted every article from every pluce at one uniform rate . To effect a masterly reform of our Tariff , with a due regard to fair dealing and the interest of all parties , is a matter requiring great practical information , and much consideration on each item ; but there are certain broad principles to be steadily kept in view . There should be l . Duties for revenue , not for mere taxing—none of those petty taxes which cause useless expence in the collection , great trouble and inconvenience to the
importers , very often enhanc ng ttt « price of materials to the manufacturer , and taking money from the trading classes without any public gain . According to Mr . Porter ' s evidence before the Committee on Import-Duties , forty-six articles produced £ 22 , 598 , 000 oat of a revenue of £ 22 , 900 , 000 . the other £ 362 , 600 being drawn from 1 , 100 articles , some yielding nothing , and 147 yielding , so to speak , a I 033 ; £ 5 , 398 Of drawback being repaid over end ahava the duty they produced . All these minor articles should be subject to a careful revision , to abolish the duty on all but those which cogent circumstances require to be retained .
2 . No prohibitions and no encouragement to any tiring but the general industry of the country . Many agricultural productions are now prohibited by express lawthey are forfeited if imported , whilst oorn till at nearly famine prices is subjected to a prohibitive duty : many foreign colonial commodities , and some manufactures , are subject to so high a tax as to be practically prohibited . All articles of this class must be revised , and a fair rate of duty imposed . If a peculiar burden is placed upon a peculiar class of producers , or if legislative encouragement has fosterei an interest which it is unfair suddenly to abandon , all that can bo claimed is a reasonable protection for a reasonable time , till they can adapt themselves to their new circumstances , or their peculiar burden is removed ; but no article should be kept out of the market by the duty alone . 3 . Kaw materials should be admitted duty-free wherever it is possible without a considerable sacrifice of revenue .
4 . The Colonial trade should be placed upon tbe footing of a coasting trade , and all articles admitted duty free , so far as our financial necessities will permit . 5 . A bold and well-considered reduction of duties should be effected where there is a well-grounded proba > bility of an equal or an increased revenue , as in wine , brandy , sugar , Umber , &c . 6 . , after two or three years' trial , and the practice of a rigid economy , the income should still continue below the expenditure , recourse must be had to a Property Tax .
In dealing with these financial questions , we believe the country—that is , the majority of all classes apart frsnx mere partisans—are prepared to accept of a fair offer , and do not expecs impossibilities . Tiiey do not expect Sir Robert Peel to come forward with a proposal for a perfectly free trade in corn ; or that the revenue is to rise to the required amount the moment his measures are propounded . Mere party excitement , or agitation for political changes , has been so prostituted to factious uses , that the thing is worn out . What the country really desires , is a Government that knows its business , and -will set about doing it—a Government that wilt attend to our economical condition , and give free play to the industry of the people , and the enterprise of the capitalist . If Sir Robert Peel shall grapple thoroughly aad fairly with the great question of
Import Dutits , the country will not contend for trifles , and will be perfectly willing to give him time to await tbe result of his measures . If , however , he shall attempt to evade the subject of Tariff-revision , or be to ill-advised as to peddle with it—to produce a measure which fails to satisfy by the breadth of its general plan , and by the considerate skill of its details—he and his party are lost Wo do not say that he will be immediately driven from office : his numbtrs are too strong , and the leaders of the party opposed to him are too much distrusted , for t ! : at . But hia Government will become a ucak Government ; the country will shrink from him with disappointment ; his followers will have no confidence in him even whilst he deems that he is lending himself to their purposes ; and his opponents will be emboldened to attack him with pertiuncity aud lower him by contempt—Spectator .
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THE THREE RIVAL PARTY POLITICIANS . Three manifestoes are now before the public-, —Lord Joim Russell ' s address to the London electors , which waa issued last week ; Sir Robert Peel ' s eouutei-mai \\ - festo , delivered orally at a dinner-party of his own to soni 8 Tuniworth electors ; and Mr . O'Connell ' s declaration of tho rigtks and grievances of the people of Ireland . Sir Robert Peel ' s declaration is a more unpretending and also a less tangible affair than his rival ' s . It is almost limited to negation : with his customary frankness , Sir Robert confines himself to saying that lie slia . lt say nothing . He will not prescribe , he says , for tho ills of Iho nation , while ho is excluded from administering the remedies—he does not add , though some
of hia followers might , while auotber practitioner touches the fee . Hetlid not say much at this dinner about what he expatiated upon in the House of Commons , the want of official information for forming a judgment upon the national affairs : he now stood upon the matter of choice and etiquette—not as one who could not pronounce an opiuion , but as one who weuld not compromise his position by doing so . I wiil " not unsought be won" is the moral of this part of Sir Robert ' s speech . Another section of his address was directed to demolishing tbe effect of Lord John ' s manifesto ; and the retrospective or Ministerial part of that manifesto can scarcely stand the test of the expectant Premier ' s light ridicule : Lord John ' s enumeration of victories is met by a sort of deprecation of ungenerous
triumph over the vanquished , and then by an appeal from the individual victories to tho wholesale defeat of the late election . A third portion of the Tamworth speech is adroitly enough addressed to Royal eyes : taking for his text an impertinent on dil , that he had boasted that ho would make the Queen a Tory in six weeks , Sir Robert insinuatingly repudiates every sort of presumption on his part ; he does not assume that he is to be Minister ; he is shocked at the insolence of attempting to pronounce what may be tho personal feelings of Royalty ; ho shares the indignation which the Queen must feal if such contemptible impertinences come before her . Sir llobeit would have his Royal Mistress understand , that , if he is forced upon her acceptance by the general eourse of events which coerces him as well aa others , be is still the genteele&t and most considerate of compulsory servants , incapable cf vulgar triumph or o !< strusive
confidence . The gist of his insinuations directed to that high quarter is , that Satan is uot so black as he has beea painted . Sir Robert ' s speech—a Parliamentary " statement" delivered from the head of his own table at a convivial meeting—elaborately easy , saying nothing and hinting much—is well calculated , not to produce the conviolion , but to convey tbe impression , that , while ho will be a more vigorous Minister than any which we have had for ten yearo , and able to put Lord John ' s " victories" to the blush , be will by no means be a harsh counsellor , or a disagreeable man at Court , or anywhere else . There is one point in Lord John ' s manifesto which Sir Robert leaves untouched—the f atura tactics cf tne Whig Opposition : he does not laugh at that . Whigs out of tffi . o are not perhaps quite so laughable as Whigs in ; nor Tories quite so free to laugh in as they -were out , especially when they go in to der . l with a deficiency and a declining rtVtnue , Sir Rubert Peel's manifesto leaves matters just where
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^— ¦ ; ; they stood before : it only intimates that it has not been necewarr * ° modify tho new " Conservative " policy—whatever that may be—in order to enable the incoming Ministers to compete With Lord John Russell ' s showy Opposition programme . The liberator ' s declaration ia a very different sart of composition from Lord John ' s quasi-royal speech or Sir Roberta convivial statecraft : it looks as though the aspiring patriot had in his eye the Petition of Rights or the American Declaration of Independence , but could not for the life of him struggle out of the beaten " Hereditary-bondsmen" track : it is an old Corn-Exchange letter laboured into a state paper . To give credit to the first paragraph , the author set out with an earnest desire to deliver a round unvarnished tale of
•• facts , " and the first of the facts enumerated is English hostility to Ireland ! and , as usual ; Lord Morpeth is dragged in as king ' s evidence , to prove , by his vote © n tue motion to extend the Irish franchise , the hostility in which he ia an accomplice . If Mr . O'Connell deals with past Jaota so freely , it is no wonder that future facts claim a still greater license : and accordingly , the mostextravagantassumptions of the reignof horror which the Tories will restore are put forward in so many words , a 3 the express and declared intention " of the Peel-Stanley party . " Mr . O'Connell may mean the assertion , that that party intend to appoint partisan judges , as a sort of ihethorical figure ; but the figure is io disguised that the words read like the grave statement of a proclaimed fact . Now all this bombast would be very
harmless in England ; but Mr . O'Connell ' s influence < in Ireland received some very dangerous illustration in the tearful , phrensied vehemence of tho people in Carlow ; and it is a just apprehension , that his desire to increase Sir Robert Peel's " difiiculty with Ireland " may be only too successful . His present conduct seems to be the beginning of a systematic attempt of that kind . It remains to bo seen whether the Whigs will countenance their half-diiivowed ally in this his last and most desperate expedient for fulfilling their behest to " keep out the Tories" at all cost ; or whether they will repair some omissions by a deathbed repentance and a well-timed admonition to their indiscreet friend . And if the Whigs do not remember their duty , will the independent English Liberals , if there are such , remember , the irs ?— Spectator .
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BRUTAL MURDER AT EXETER . Tbe most intense anxiety was excited in this city , en Saturday last , in consequence of a hat and stick being found ia the lane leading from the Deaf and Dumb Institution to the water-side , and which were found to belong to a gentleman ( Mr . Nathaniel Bennett ) , -who was missing from his residence , at No . 7 , Colletonterrace . From certain information which transpired , the most diligent search was shortly instituted in the river neaT Trew ' s Weir , and at about five o ' clock in the afternoon , the body of the unfortunate gentleman was found among the rushes on the opposite side of the water to the lano where tbe hat and stick had been found in the early part of the morning . The
appearance of tbe deceased's face dispelled in a moment a'l doubts as to his having come to his death by foul means ; there were the marks of a very hea 7 y blow on the bridge of the noae , which had produced a slight excoriation , and blackened both his eyes . In the pockets were found only one shilling , aud the watch bad been torn away , leaving part of the guard-chain about the neck of the deceased . The body was at once removed to the Custom Housa Inn , by the Quay , where it was inspected by Mr . Edye , surgeon , —at night it was agaia removed to the late residenco of the deceased at Colleton-terrace . The deceased , who moved iii a respectable sphere of life , and was universally held in high estimation , was engaged as clerk in the office of the West of England Fire and Life Insurance
Company , and resided with a maiden sister and servant in the house before-named , but for some days past tbe sister and servant have been absent from home , on a journey to London . Unfortunately , on Friday evening , very contrary to his usual habits , the deceased went down to the neighbourhood of the fair , in the Bonhay , and subsequently entered tho Cattle Market Inn , where there was tbat description of miscellaneous assemblage of males aud females which are to be found at the public-house evening convivial meetings of fairs . In the course of the night the deceased very imprudently made a display of money he had about him , and got into conversation with two girls of the town , who lodge in one of the small houses on the bank of the river , opposite to where tho body
was found . At about half-past twelve o'clock on Saturday morning , the deceased left the Cattle Market Inn , and it having been observed that be was followed by three men , suspicious characters , who had apparently been watching him and overhearing hia conversation with the two girls , two respectable individuals , belonging to Exeter , went after the deceased , told him their suspicions , and voluuteered to accompany him home . Tho deceased , -who did not at this time appear to be in the slightest degree intoxicated , proceeded in their company towards Colleton-terrace , and when within view of his house , said to them— " There , that is my house opposite the lamp . I am sure I need not trouble you to go any further with me , so 1 will wish y « u a good night , and am much obliged by your
company . " Upon this , tne two gentlemen who accompanied him returned towards the direction of Southstreet , but hearing footsteps apparently proceeding from beyond the house which the deceased had pointed out as his , they looked back , but could not see any one , and at once proceeded to their own homes . We have had a long conversation with ono of the gentlemen who accompanied the deceased near to bis beuse , and who happened to be at the Cattle Market Inn , on the Friday night , which is kept by a relation of his , and from this individual we learn that the strong impression on his miud is that tho three persons whom he had seen followed tho deceased out of the house had overheard an assignation which he had made with tho two girls , and the deceased parted with him and his
mend before ho had reached the house in Colleton-ttrraw in order to proceed forward to the lane where his hat and stick were found , and which was in a direct line to the house where the girls lodge , and that he was there way-laid by the men who had come from the Cattle Market Inn . Several persons have been taken into custody on suspicion of the murder . We have since ascertained that the Jury have returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder by drowning" against persons unknown . The case is therefore left to be sifted by the magistrates . There are seven or eight in custody , all young men under twenty-one , resident in Exeter , who have been long leading profligate and dissolute lives . One of them is a young man named Pitts , Who appears to have been at the Cattle Market Inn the night of the murder . He is about eighteen years of age , son of a
washerwoman in Bonhay , and by business a tailor . The other is a young man of indifferent character , named Brinsmead , son of respectable parents on St . David ' shill . Suspicion had fallen upon Pitts , he having been seen in the house on Friday night . He kept out of the way until Sunday morning , when he was niet by a person who told him the officers wore looking for him . He made off , and was lost sight of for hours . In the meantime , Stukcs , one of the nightly watch , made an examination of Pitt ' s bed-room , in which he found his jacket , the shoulder aud sleeve of which were very much stained with fresh blood . Pitts was not found until the evening , when he was seen in Alphintonstreet by one of the persons looking for him . He immediately made off in the direction of Oakhamptonstreet , but was pursued and taken after running a considerable distance .
BBLNSHEAD'S CONFESSION . The following confession was made on Wednesday last by Brinsmead : — He stated that ho was about to go homo after leaving the Cattle Market Inn , on Friday night , immediately after Mr . Bennett , and that Pitts came up to him , aud asked him to go along with him , and that they would have some more beer by-and-bye . This he at first refused , but ultimately agreed to do so . They then doiged Mr . Bennett towards hi 8 house , through Southstreet and Holioway-street , at the lower end of Culleton Terrace . Here they met Mr . Bennett , and Pitts said to him that he ( Mr . Bennett ) had been with one of their sis era , and that they -would wake it known if bo did not treat them to somo beer . Mr . Uennett agreed to give them some , and went to Ugler ' s publichouse for that purpose , but it was shut np . Pitts then persuaded him to go on further , and when in the lane between the Deaf and Dumb Institution , Pitts asked Mr . Bennett for some money . The latter gave him sixpence , but Pitts swore that he would have some more , and not such a trumpery sum , aud added that Brinsmead might have it . Brinsmead said he would , and took it from Pitta Pitts then clasped Mr . Bennett round the body from behind , grasping both his arms , and pressing him against some rails at the side of the lane . He called out to Brinsmead to strike him , which the latter refused to do . Pitts then struck Mr . Bennett a tremendous blow in the face with his right hand from behind , and the latter called for mercy . Brinsmead then said to Pitts , " You have done it ; I shall not stay here , I shall ge home . " Pitts begged of him not to do so , but he went to some distance , and from there observed that a tremendous struggle was going on between the two , who gradually advanced to the path by the Bide of the river . Some heavy blows were struck , and he at last heard a " Blouse" into the water , and cries of " Mercy 1 mercy . '" Immediately after he heard the sound of a person as if in the act of swimming . Be then left the spot , aud proceeded to near the Custom House , where in a short time he was joined by Pitta , who said , " The man ' s in the -water ; he attempted to cut my throat , and has nearly cut my finger off . " The finger was theu wrapped round with a handkerchief . Pitts added tbat he had got Mr . Bennett ' s watch and a sovereign , and that if he ever wanted a shilling he ( Brinsmead ) should have it from him . Brinsmead pesitively declares that to his knowledge no women were at all concerned in the matter , and that he had none of the money except the sixpence given him by Pitts . He also said that a third party went with them when they first set out , but that he did not know his name . On Wednesday morning , the walch of the deceased was discovered in the possession of Mrs . Meringo , wife of Caspar Meringo , who keeps a cider-shop and " lodging . Louse" in tho Butcher Row . -
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POLITICAL BANKRUPTCIES EXTRAORDINARY . Joseph Hume , dealer in brass , late of Middlesex then of Kilkenny , then of Leeds , and last of all of Dundee . —Solicitors , Tottle and Co ., Aberdeen . Tho two last places Mr . Joseph Hume quitted in a very great hurry ; in short , to speak troth , he was regularly turned out of them . The stock of Scotch brass which he always had on hand was well kuown to be considerable , and if Ms brass 19 appreciated by any parly , there is no doabt of Mr . Hume ' s large stock becoming a very saleable article .
J . Walter , dealer in tin , late of Nottingham — Solicitors , Bluster , Boast , and Co ., Printing-hous& . square , Blackfriars . Theiirst time this recently-failed trader set up in Nottingham , baring a very large stock of tin . he did remarkably well , and carried all before him ; but the failure and dispersion of every ' number concerned in a gTeat house in town obliged him to quid London and when ho returned to Nottingham again , possess ^ ing but a small stock of tin , he was unceremonioasly turned out is infatuated old
. He a very tr- 'der and it would not surprise us if he attempted to set us somewhere else , or bought a concern by private coZ tract . Poor old Walter may be seen every evening wearing out the pavement near St . Stephen ' s Chapel and trying hard to get into the House of Commons although he is well award that the doors are closed against him . De Lact Evans , dealer in sashes , epaulettes , military orders , and cat-o \ nine-tails . late of Irun , then of Westminster . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , aad Co ., Downing-street .
The failure of this trader in military trappings and honours is not greatly to be regretted ; the wellknown fact that he had dealt extensively in that revolting instrument of torture , for the use of which ho was an advocate , and which continues to disgrace the British army , completely annihilated every kindly ieeling of sympathy which otherwise would have been exhibited in his behalf , and De Lacy lace-coaled Evans was soon left to shew the romarkablo coin , cidence there was between the past aud present scene of his adventures , for truly might he exclaim as ha fled , "l-run . " Fitzroy Kelly , silk mcrcer-narvAite oi Ipswich .
—boJicitors , Diabolus aud Co ., Westminster Hall . This Ipswich hreal : dcicn has been productive of present ruin to Mr . Kelly ' s very agreeable prospects , and is supposed to have been occasioned by great want of foresight on his part . Having been bred to " the law , " he , of course , finds nothing come amiss to him , and it mast bo extremely comforting to him to know that the solicitors to his estate , Diabolus nud Co ., feel a warm affection , and look upon him as thrir own chi'd , superintending and directing all his affairs , and watching over him like a parent . Robert Stkuart dealer in game , late of Maddington , North Britain . —Solicitors , Pigeon , Piuck , and Co ., St . James ' s-street .
Ihis failure , we are inclined to think , will turn out a very bad affair for Bob Steuart , -who is a bankrupt in every sense of the word . He has , it roust be coafessed , brought his ruin on himself , by pursuing in tho most , reckless and untiring manner the pernic > oas rice of pi . at in its various destructive branches , Sj proverbial was he for his addiction to this criminal infatuation , that he has long been well known to the public by the nick-name of "Gambling-table Steuart . / ' What is eventually to become of this unfbriunato individual we can only conjecture ; he must , wo suppose , cither consent to expatriate himself , or take up his residence in ong of those receptacles kept at the public exponce , and used as a refuge by his congenial associates in vice and infamy , Daxiel O'Con . vell , drawing master and collector of rents , lato of Dublin , and now of Mcatlu—Solicitors , Flatman and Co ., Ireland .
This wholesale trader has beea set up in Dublin for some years past , where his recsut failure baa created tho most astounding amazement to his numerous pitrons and partizans . He attributes his breaking down to the foul-play of his rivals , who certainly belong to a most detestable party , fully capable of doing" any work , however dirty or dishonest , to gaia their own ends , and turn their old and inveterate enemy , Dan O'Connell owfof Dublin . Dan has at present set up in Meath , but we have no doubt thai hip-powerful aud influential friends at Westminster will form themselves into a committee ? , and soon set Dan up in Dublin again , to the discomfiture of the faction that has so unexpectedly ousted him . ErnvAUD John Stanley , dealer in money , late of Treasury Chamber , U hitehall , and of North Cheshire . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., Downingstreet .
This youthful trader ' s failure at North Cheshire has occasioned great surprise to those connected with the firm of Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., aait was well known that he procured the valuable Treasury appointment through them , and for which he has been gazetted so very prematurely . The duties of this office , it is now pretty clear , he will never be called upon to perform . As his father has considerable landed property in Cheshire , we think he cannot do better than solicit from his parent the first cowA-eeper ' s situation that may fall vacant on one of his numerous estates .
Fitzwilltam Milton , corn-dealer , late of Mallm , and then of the West Riding pf Yorkshire—Solicitors , Whig and Co ., St . Stephen ' s , Westminster . This very promising commercial man's failure in this great agricultural district , is much to be regretted , as , although the eldest son of one of tha most extensive dealers in corn in this country , and , consequently , peculiarly interested to a very large amount in keeping up the present high prices and pernicious monopoly , Mr . Milten was prepared to deal in . the most liberal manner , not only by adTOeating , on all occasions , the most popular side of tho question , but by rendering all the service in his power towards the speedy abolition of those brutal laws , framed for tho double purpose of crippling commerce and starving the poor . Howard Morpeth , dealer in views and measures , late of the Castle , Dublin , and the West Riding of Yorkshire . —Solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and O * Downing-street .
This was an extremely upright tradesman , who conducted his business on extremely liberal principles , all his measures ; being fair and just . His failure will occasion much inconvenience to his solicitors , Melbourne , Russell , and Co ., who did not calculate on his icing obliged to leave the West Riding of Yorkshire . That untoward event having occurred , renders his Irhh establishment a very tottering concern ; the writing icork which ho waa in the habit of doing therefor the Goverment will , we should suppose , be soon transferred to other hands , ia which case , as Mr . Howard Morpeth will be completely thrown out of employ , he nad batter locate himself with his venerable parent , who resides aot far from Carlisle .
Edward Ltttow Bulwer , dealer in figures ana images , late of Lincoln . —Solicitors , Colburn , Beatley , Webster , and Macready . This ingenious tradesman ' s stock , being verylargfl and general , although , not of a , very solid or intrinsically valuable description , we are greatly surprised at his failure , especially in Lincoln , whero fffl thought he was infinitely more regarded and re spected than he turned out to be . Notwithstanding the flimsy articles ho dealt in , he most assuredly was infinitely more entitled to patronage than a rival trader ^ an old , ill-looking , black-whiskered fellow , of the name of Sibthorp , who looks as if ho belonged to a hair manufactory . Bulwer ' s present si ' . uatioa must be more novel than agreeable to him . We hops he will set up somewhere else , and meet with a good return for his trouble .
William Holmes , ral-catcJier and ichipptr-M f late of fierwick-upou-Tweed , aud then of Stafford . —Solicitor , Nick , senior , Carlton Club . Thia bankrupt has , we regret to say , displayed * lamentable want of principle , or ho i 3 greatly calumniated by his backers and acquaintances , as " is stated that hs left Berwick-upon-Tweed greatly in debt , although they had furnished him witt ainple means of payment . Notwithstanding this disgraceful conduct , he had the assurance to ask his friends-to furnish him with a fresh supply of casfli
when he went to set up ai Stafford ; this , notwithstanding his most specious representations , thty very properly refused him , and his credit being very ozfi , his notorious character having preceded him , n ^ race was soon run , and he was turnedout of Staffow with every expression of disgust and contempt-Holmes is now suffering the reward of hia unprincipled conduct by walking about the metropolis pennyless , looking in vain for a job , with his wwp M his hand , and his emptv rat-trap slung over US shoulder .
Horace Twiss , sweep and seavenger , late of Burf St . Edmunds , residing at present—where he can . " Solicitor , Nick , senor , Carlton Club . This insolvent elderly trader had the gross assurance to set up in Bury St . Edmunds , without a penw in his pocket , and was very properly kicked out 01 the town with railroad rapidity . All his affai" *™ managed by Nick , senior , who is Twiss'a chief aaviser aud instigator on all occasions ; but even o ' Nick is beginning to get tired of the impudent Wo «" hea'd , and from his present dilapidated appearance , we thiuk Nick will soon put him in a snuy cerwt whero he can lay his hands upon him whenever jw wants a playfellow .
BANKRUPTCT SUPEBSEDED . Cctid Palmerston , hair dresser , dealer in w- ^ j stays , false collars , and calves , late of Tiverton , tnen of Liverpool , and at present at Tiverton . —Soli 6 » " » Cowper , Carlton-terrace . The ancient and highly reputable firm of Cpwp 5 whi . ch is looked on pretty much in the light of « n «<» woman , has kept Cupid Palmcrston ' s affairs to ^ aer for him for several years past , and he wjh well to put every thiDg he has into Cowper a nano » - —Satirist .
Untitled Article
Physical Force . — A Tumour , and something more , prevails , that Lord Francis Egerton is aoon * to raise a troop of yeomanry from among his num » ous tenants , and that the example will be «» " by the other Tory aristocracy . If they insist upo « this mode of keeping down tho people , red » submit , for tho bread'taxors are his maslers , *» their name is legion .
Spirit Of Fye 3$Ve&.
spirit of fye 3 $ ve& .
Untitled Article
Herri . vq Fishery . —Tho accounts of the herring fishery along the coast of Scotland , from Orb ey to Berwick are , on the whole , favourable . In several places the fishermen have km apre successful than lor tome Beasons .
Untitled Article
a THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 7, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1121/page/6/
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