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INQUEST AT NOTTINGHAM WORKHOUSE . In consequence of several children haying died in a tb' jti space « f time in the Union Workhouse , and information being conveyed to tbe Coroner , Mr . M . Browne , that there were reasons for believin * their deaths had been caused or accelerated by tbe crowded state of tbe rooms , that gentleman summoned a jory on Monday afternoon , to hold an Inquest on tbe body of one , a child named Porter . Some difficulty was occasioned on the jury entering the ^ eai-house , in consequence of "the bodies of three -chndren being there , and it not being knewa which was the right one . On their retnm to the boird room , the following evidence wag beard : —
E )' -ribeth Porter , en inmate of tie poor bouse , single-W > nan , said , I hare lived in the workhouse going for eight months , and I am the mother of Robert Porter , the deceased . He waa lii months old last Saturday , and had pretty good health- last Wednesday bnt one he r > egan to be ill . fie had s very bad cough and a staffing at bis chest I applied to Mr . 8 tanger , the doe * or , on tbe day the child waa taken ilL The child m ° under Mr . 8 tsnger * s e&re until la-t Monday night , whrn he died at ten o ' clock . I perceived tbe child to be ill first in the night time . I was sleeping in tbe top £ fB £ iewGmaB " B room in a little hospital bed . That is a narrow bed . No one slept in the same bed bnt I and my hafcy . There were more beds in the room , gsven big ones , and two little ones . In the big beds four
persons slept in each , and in the little oneB two . When I Bay four persons in a bed , I mem two -women and two children . 1 was ordtred into ' whe children ' s sick hospital , and remained there from the day the child waa laken ill nntil it died . I ha 3 slept in the top single woman ' s room ever since I came ent of the lyingin room until the child was taken ill I had been in the bottom room in tbe day time ; that is at the bottom of the steps leading up to the bedroem . Tbera have bees 107 and 1 , 0 8 women and children in that room at once- I think there were 100 persons in that room the morning Biy child waa taken ill . That was the room in which 1 gecerally passed my time ¦ when not at trork . That was the only room I had a right to be in dnring the nay time . When I was at work a woman nursed
the child in the room until it was taken ilL I have no eomj . iaint to make of the medical attendant I have been allowed to be with tbe child constantly since it was t iken ill The numbers have varied very considerably m the bottom room , sometimes twice as many as at liber times . I can give no idea at all aa to the average numbers in the room . We were generally pretty thick in the room . Semetimes many of us had not room to sit down . That was not a very common thins . The room waa cleaned every morning , and kept sweet and clt-an . The windows are always open , and the air I think was pretty good in the room . The child has sever been absent from me a minute since it was born except when I was at work . The child had had a ban ciiuEh and hoarseness about a month .
George Eaton Stanger , of Nottingham , raid , I am one of the surgeons attending the Nottingham Union . I attena Trp * n the children ' s hospital in the Union Poor House . Robert Porter was under my rcre . The earliest dale I find of his being nnder my care is Friday , the I 5 th of November . I brlieve firm tbe entry I matfe in toe book that be was labouring under some affection of the cheat I ordered him to have an emetic , and to be removed into a separate apartment with a fire in it There were several children attacked at the Bame time . I am nvt sere that he was removed on the Friday . I believe that he was on ths Sunday . He has been under my care ever Eicce . He has been labouring nnder inflammation of the hues , and I believe from that he has died . I occasionally so into the sinxlewomcn ' s d » y
room . I believe ins carldren ( inXartJ of sluglewomenj are kept there . That room has been a goed deal crowded of late . The per * ons in that rooji op * n the Windows to counteract the effects of the confined air , and the drafts from those windows 1 think very likely to originate inflammatory affections . I should not say that the air ia that room is particularly bad . I belieTe it it habitable . I have been in the singlewomen ' s sleep i ng rooms . If as many as thirty women and children were sleeping in that room , I conceive it would not be in a healthful state . I do not recollect ever beta * in that room during- the night A child nrgat be labouring nnder an ir . flamma . tory action of the bronchial tabes for some time without any particular notice being taken of it by the parent Supposing a
child to be labouring under such inftimmatery action , and living in the low room during the . day ana tbe sing !* women ' s room daring the night , I tMntr it - would make it worse . I may stit > , that 1 think is this case , u well m others I bad at the time , the weather hai 3 great deal to do with producing disease . Dr . Davidson , the honorary physician for the week , aaw the child on Sunday week . Ttt hospital to which the child was removed is a very fit place for the reception of a limited samber of sick persons . It was inside as comfortable as circumstances would allow . We had niore in it than w « ought to have had . We bad several persons tbere dnring the day who slept in the other rooms during tbe eight . Sop posing the child had been labouring nnder low jefl imtrmvcry action of the Inngs for a
month before I saw it , I believe tbe iiSummation would have been increased by tbe vitiated air of the lower room dnring the day , and the Bleeping room during the night I conceive the vitiated- air of the roams , and the stste of the weather , -were both concerned in producing disease in the child . I do not know that it had been exposed to tbe atmosphere . I ksow that the child Las been in the lower and upper rooms , asd the state of the atmosphere would affect the nrr in those rooms . Daring the unfavourable state of the weather for ssveral weeks past , I think a month , 2 era most confiriei ty state my opinion , that the upper room , the single-woman ' s sleeping room , and the lower or day room , were not fit for the number of persons who were in them . I was not in Nottingham a month
ago" . I returned on the 22 nd of . November . I know the rooms welL I do not know the dimensions of the rooms . For the lost week or ten days I consider they have been in a very unhealthy state . 1 have mentioned to the Board of Guardian * that the house was not in a healthy state before the child died . That -sras more particularly as to the children ' s apaitments , where this child was not There has been a very considerable diminution in the numbers since then , which is about ten days ago , and a great improvement in the healthy state of fie house . The lowtr room I have ipoken of is appropriated to single women who have children , and I believe a great portion of them ^ o out of that room to werk in different pai tj of the house . I consider that tbe latter part of the year , since the number of inxiates has been increased , the house has been unhealthy ; but considering th « number of persona in the house in the eatlier part of the year , I consider the houso was very healthy . I consider the house was in a very healthy
state fo * a gnat many months ; I considered it very healthy . Diseases of the chest are very prevalent at this time of the year . It is not uncommon for children o die of the same disease who are not in tbe house . I think that twenty-five persons might be in the lower room and healthy ; it would depend on tircamstances . If it were well washed ar , d clean , as it is , it would be heaithy , I think . I certainly should hesitate to give an opinion , that the -state of the air in the boose produced the disease or death of the child . I think the opening tbe windows of the room would make the air in it more pure . I do not know that any death has been the result of the state of the house . I think tbe necessity for opening the windows in this wither is a proof that the air In the room was not good . It u rather remarkable , that I have bad , I thick , eighteen cases of disease similar to what this child has died from , in the house , whilst in the district to which 1 attend out of the house , during tbe same time , I have not had mere than two or three . I cannot account foi
it any other way than that the state of the house must : have a « rood deal to do with it John Mitchell Dividson , M . D , Nottingham , said , I am one of tbe honorary physicians to the Nottingham \ Poor Law Union . Last Snnday -week , I sa-sr se-reral ; children in the children ' s hospitai ; it is a room lately ; appropriated for that purpose . I must . say , that I ' never , in tie coarse of my professional life , saw a more ' distressing sight—bo many infante mnder twelve months old ; sick , congregated together . I found ths room ! close and offensive . I cannot say the present number 1 of children in the room . I think I Lave nevrr attended i an institution where there were so many children as id : this house . I think decidedly that ten mothers and children in that room t > o many ,- all the children to ¦
¦ my attention was directed - « rere labouring under ' jnflzmmatory action of the chest , especially of tbe bron- ; chial mucus membranes , accompanied in every case with greaj general prostration of strength , so as to preclude at that time the use of active remedies . 1 consulted ' -with Mr . St&nger u to the treat men ; advisable under the circumstances . I expressed an opinion ^ Lhat the . disease which I saw was increased by the ilremnstances under which the children had bees pl | cedirefcering it more intractable . Children living in an iipuft atmos- > pbere , bear disease worse , and beir remedies worse . I then told Mr . Stanger , that I considered the medical ' treatment admissible in their state was of a very limited extent-, that a purer atmosphere was the best msdicine for them . I have seen some of the children since . I
know the single women's day room ; I have frequently ' , been in it I think I never was in it without finding too many persona there ; it was ao to-day , when a Bomber of women were out , and at the workhouse . 1 know the single women * sleeping room- I have been in it repeatedly . I think fifteen women and fifteen children too many to sleep in thai room , for it to be in a healthy ; state , I never have known that room whea there have been ao few sleeping in it as to reader it safe . I kave been a honorary medical officer about a year and . ¦ n \ n * months . I have frequently been in tb . 9 rooms of . aha house—I mean the two rooms , the single women ' s day and sleeping rooms . Latterly , I bare not con- sidered them healthy ; sometimes I have considered ;
them remarkably healthy , considering the circumstances . ' If a child of six menthi old or under , were to spend j its tif » &ri&g the day in tbe single women's day-room , ; OuX Bleeping at night in tbe single women's sleeping-: root * , I doaot consider it likely that it would be is a j health ? atate . I consider it owing , is a great mesrare , to the pea * care and clesaliness , that they have bees so heaaasae ^ l ^ y bar * . A child living is tba * s rooms w 9 H | Hvad sum susceptible of disease from expaiilaBjHfedden changes of temperature , because its IWM ^ HK would be impaired . F » m what 11 nw ^^ Hf ^ Hs Sunday week , I waa net at all ¦ iiiliiiiMW ^ Mf lliii deaths ef those -who have died ; **** * "lHBHi p * PiBt fOI fereaih . I do not say ti ^ lHii sfwHMBf fee oomjB produced the disease ,
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but 1 think the children would be more liable to be acted upon by atmospheric changes , as well as less able to bear tbe disease , and on that account I suppose the state of the atmosphere tn these rooms may have had some operation in the child's death . I think several circumstances have lakly contributed to render those roams unhealthy ; tbe crowded state of tbe house ; the state of the weather , confining tbe people to tbe rooms , and tending to keep the windows and other means of ventilation closed . I am decidedly of opinion that ibese causes have had an effect , aa I am enabled to pee from my professional friends , there has not been anything like the same proportion of cases , similar to these , amoEgst children at the breast ' in privste practice . It has always been my opinion that I have found the rooms in too crewded a state . I sin a * are the number in the house has been considerably reduced , and 1 certainly consider the room leas unhealthy .
Absalom Barnet , master of the Nottingham Union poor-house , said , I have just measured the single woman ' s day-room ; it is eighteen feet long , by sixteea feet wide , and abont Un feet high ; the sleeping ' room is sixteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet bigfc . . Verdict— " Died in tbe said Union poor-house , from inflammation of the chest ; and that the Bald Robert Porter appears to have been rendered more susceptible of disease , and less able to bear the application of active remedies , when under disease , from having lived in certain rooms in the said Union poor-house not adapted to the reception of tbe number of persons required to live and sleep therein ; and this inquest strougly recommend immediate steps ti be taken , to prevent a recurrence of death from the causes which have accelerated the death of the saiu Robeit Poitsr . "
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STATE OF THE COUNTRY . We select the following examples of the growing destitution of " merrie England" from the papers which have reached us since Saturday last The first is a memento of the " distress" exiting " at Court , " and -will be read with peculiar interest at the present time : —
THE ROYAL CHRISTENING . It has been determined that the christening of his Royal Highness the P / ince of Wales shall take place at Windsor ; and from the armegemeuts in contemplation and in progress , there is no doubt that this ceremony will be celebrated in the chapel of St . George , with great pomp and magnificence . There is also very little doubt that h will take place on Thursday , the 10 th of February , the anniversary of her Hsjeaty ' a union with his Royal Highness Prince Albert The day , hewever , has not yet been fixed upon by her Majesty . St George ' s Chapel was on Tuesday moraing minutely inspected by Mr . Saundera , accompanied by Dr . Reid , who superintended the ventilation and lighting of tbe House of Commons , for tbe purpose of adopting some
plan to warm , by means of numerous air-stoves , the whole of the interior of that txtensive edifice during the time occupied by the performance of the ceremony . Earl Delawarr , the Lord Chamberlain , was engaged for some time in the chapel on Siturday , suggesting various arrangements for the ceremony . A covered platform will be erected , leading from ths Castle , along which the procession will pass to the chapeL It is expected that the whole of tbe Knights of the Guter will be present in their robes , with tbe Military KiiighU of Windsor , and the several officers ef the order . lu the evening there will be a grand banquet in St George ' s Hall , and covers will be laid for upwards of one hundred and fifty of her Majesty ' s distinguished guests . A magnificent carpet , to b « used expressly upon
the occasion of tbe christening , has been ordered for St George ' s Hall . It will be studded with various appropriate heraldic devices , in keeping with theembelluhments of this spendid apartment , and in connexion with the Order of the Garter . In tbe centre will be woven a beautiful representation of St George and the Dragon . In order that the whole of her Majesty ' s guests upon this occasion may be accommodated during their stay at Windsor , Irogmore-lodge will be entirely appropriated to tbeir use , orders having been given to the different tradesmen to make tbe necessary preparations for that purpose . A large house on Cattle-hill , at present empt / , lately in the occupstion of Colonel Millmsn . belonging to tbe Crown , is . likewise to be
furnished for the use of the Queen ' s visitors . Several of the State apartments at the Castle , which are usually exhibited to the public , have been ordered to be closed for tbe purpose of enabling the authorities at the Cutle to proceed with the necessary arrangements . Amongs : the spartmtnta tbus cWawt are the Ball and Thronerooms . Tbe whole of tbe internal arrangements connected with this important ceremony have been confided to the skilful superintendence of Mr , Saunders , the Inspector of Palaces . The sponsors invited f > answer at ths font for tie future Monarch are—the King of Prussia ; the Duke of Cambridge ; Ferdinand , Duke of Saxe Coburg , uncle of Prince Albert ; the Princess Sophia ; and the Duchess of Suxe Cobourg .
SP 1 TALFIELDS WEAVERS . If ever it were imperative to act upoa tbe motto that " charity begins at home , " U is at this truly awful crisis , when misery , destitution , and despair are at onr very doors . It is true that poverty in ifit most frightful forms , is spread through the length and breadth of the land —that our agriculturists are steeped to the lips in misery , and our manufacturers are insolvent , while the general trade of the country is at a " dead still ; " and it is equally tzue that it is the duty of all to do every thing to alleviate and avert , if possible , this scene of general calamity and national bankruptcy . Still , Ttason , justice , and policy , demand that we should first attend to the wants of cur own homes before we look Abroad . Hence , although we are most anxious to
extend tbe hand of mercy to ths starving working classes of England , Ireland , and Scotland , we must be first satisfied that we have discharged the great and paramount duty of charity towards the destitute poor of our own neighbourhood . With tais coinmun sense and Christian view of the dictates of Christian benevolent © and humaBiiy , it is but right that we should , in the first instance , direct the streams of national philanthropy to now to those appalling scenes of woe , misery , and destitution which our metropolis presents , and which are no where to be found ia a more frightful form than as they exist in the neighbourhood and the dwellings of the Spitalfields wtavers . Sa dreadful are the privations of those wretched men and their families , that nature is daily sinking under them , and numbers are fondly looking to the grave as a release
from their overpowering Bankings . It is impossible for the most obdurate to hear even a recital of their miseries without shedding a tear of compassion over the heart-rending catalogue . The greatest distress prevails at Bstbnel Green . In its workhouse there are 1 , 060 inmates , - while 1 , 350 are receiving out-door relief . There is not one person in Bethnal Green who keeps his carriage , and but very few independent , considering that the parish contains 75 , 000 souls . There are in it 13 , 000 looms , each loom , when at -work in its various ramifications , namely , dying , winiirg , warping , entering , and weaving , employs three persons , making 39 , 000 persons immediately dependant on the silk branch of this trade . Half these looas are now out of employ . There are , therefore , 19 500 operatives idle , the half of whom have large families pining in penu-y and most excrcciatmg distress .
f j 1 ; l - DUNDEE . The distress among tbe labouring population of oar own locality at this moment ib row more alarming than many of our readers are aware of . Every description of manual labour is now beginning to feel the effects ef a restrictive duty . Though some of oar standing machinery has been put into operation , a proportionate extra quantity of weavers have not been employed . The finer fabric , which is principally woven by machinery , no doubt has increased ; but , generally speaking , the greater quantity of spun-yarn has been exported to be Bpun by the foreigner . While the manufacturing interests feel tbe effects of the prohibitory system , those branches of industry more Immediately connected with our home trade , though they too have an interest
: i : i ' , in tbe foreign , have now caught the mama , and tbe consequence is , that many of the families of our best artisans have now to depend on human sympathy for existence . Our dockyards are emptying daily , and house-carpenters are equally helpless ; we know one joiner -who ia May last had upwards of fifty men in his employment , -whilst at this moment he can only boast of being able to procure labour for three . Cabinetmakers , too , are complaining , not unjustly . It is now an undeniable fact , that almost every branch of industry in our country is suffering more or less from the fetters which entwine it ; and that if some salutary plan be not immediately adopted , the acknowledged ingenuity and skill of our nierhariics , as well as our capital , must bid us a long and it may be a lasting farewelL
UOCHDALE . Ths following official report was read at a meeting at Manchester the other day : — Cabinet-Makers' Furniture . —Minute inquiries show that from fifteen years previous to 1828 , there were twenty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet-makers and a few boys regularly and fully employed in Rocfcdale . At this time there are only twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in the trade , and these have not bad full and regular employment for a long time past The population of the town and neighbourhood has greatly increased ( luring tbe past fifteen or twenty years ; but there has been no increase of furniture , clearly proving that the condition of tbe people is much worse , and their comforts greatly abridged .
Thavbllixg Scotchmen . —1 . Travels Todmorden , Saddlewortb , Shaw , Lees , Oldham , Middleton , Hey . wood , Wardle , and neighbourhood of Rochdale . Has travelled put of this district for twenty veara , dealing with ramyfamilies throughout this period ; bis cus tomers have gradually become poorer , and are bow mostfy ruined , and unable to buy clothing , tea , coffee , ic ., as formerly . Six years ago tbeir condition was much better . Todmorden was then his best districtnow very much worse , mills there having worked short time many montk * In hisjonmeyshe finds maay houses which he has known well furnished almost atripped , the furniture having gradually been disposed of to pro-Tide food . Has given np tbe Wardle JUtrict , toe people being reduced to poverty so abject that they can pay for nothing . Most customers are ashamed to meet him , and skulk away to avoid him when they know he is coming , as they have nothing to pay for what they
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have had from him . This is a common occurrence about Middleton and tbe nelghbourbod . Many travel lers have given up tbe trade—their once good cuatomera now impoverished , their purchases very small , and bad debts rendering the trade a ruinous one to those engaged in it Shopkeepers and Paovrsiojc Dealbbs . —l . The quantity of meal sold in proportion to the flour is much greater than it used to be half a do »» n or three or four years ago . Sells much less of cheese and sugar , and not more than two-thirds of his former sale ; and not more than half the tobacce . The quantity of malt is reduced to one-third of his sale in better times . Debts cannot be paid ; many honest asd industrious customers have debts standing over till times mend .
2 . More meal in proportion to the flour sold now than a few years ago . His customers buy half a pound or a pound of meal at once , a « they are able . . Much less tea sold ' : sugar one-half less ; tobacco one third less . New'butter not much bought ; old cheaper ; often none used . In cheese the reduction is one-half . Bread sold in pennyworths commonly ; all the common articles of food sold now in very small quantities . Debts standing over till better times . Only sells one load of malt where he used to sell four . Boy came tor three halfpenny worths of meal in rags ; family of seven , sober and industrious ; at most wages with full w « rk 11 s . to 12 s per week ; father 7 s . or 8 s ., two boys earn 4 s , with setting cards . Only one bed for ssven persons ; no hope of improvement .
3 . Double quantity of meal and coarse flour sold in proportion to tbe whole quantity for bread . Customers who used to buy a pound of sugar now buy a pennyworth , or a quarter of a pound for twopenee . Tea sold in quantities as small aa half a quarter of au ounce , for a halfpenny . Butter as low as a halfpenny ; or a penny ; bacon a penny , or a quarter of a pound for twopence . Feur or five in a family send for half an oatcake , worth one halfpenny , with bits and scraps of bacon , worth a halfpenny or a penny more . Meal sells most in quantities of one pound each . Only sells half as much cheese as formerly , and of a lower quality At breakfast and dinner hours many come in for a halfpenny or a penny worth of bread . Debts cannot be collected . Knows that many of his customers are short of food ; hears many a curse as tbe destitute pait with their last coin for half a meal for themselves and their children . Wishes Sir Robeit Peel might stand in bis shop for one day , and will gladly let any gentleman do so who doubts any part of this statement
Butchers , Skinners , and Tannbrs . —Estimate that four yean ago 180 beasts were killed w&kly in tbe parish of Rochdale ; now not more than o& to 70 are killed . Sbeep and . pigs much fewer . Poor pieces eagerly bought ; good joints difficult of sale . Customers buy a pennyworth or two-penny worth of bits of suet or steak . Cannet buy more . The condition » f the population very much worse than four years ago . -I Dispensary . —The reports of the Dispensary exhibit a very serious increase of the number of applicants for medical assistance . In 1835 the applicants
were 1 , 809 , and in 1810 not less than 2 , 441 . The Good Samaritan Society exhibited the same symptoms of distress . In the three years ending 1837 , the numbers relieved were 607 , while in the three years ending 18-iO they had increased to 983 , and the increase of expenditure in 1841 over that of 1835 , was £ 1 , 322 , or 115 per cent The Poor-rates in Scotland township in 1835 were £ 4 , 638 , while in 184 » they amounted to £ 6 . 332 . The committals by the Magistrates had increased in the three dear years , as compared with the three cheap years , by 502 cases , or 67 per cent
The wages in the cotton trade are now coming down , and the decline is already from 12 to 15 per cent within a few months . Many perrons are unemployed , and there is no prospect of any change for the better . Surgeon ' s Opinion . —We , the undersigned , areof opinion that , owing to the high price of food and want of employment , the labouring classes in the borough of Rochdale and ^ ts neighbourhood are now suflering great and increasing privations . That they are in great Bumbers unable to obtain wholesome food sufficient quantity to maintain them in health , and thus they are predisposed to disease and rendered unable to resist its attacks . That affections and diseases of the skin , with
many others , are caused by a poor supply of food , and by innutritions food , and that many cases of appalling distress and suffering come alruoitdaily under our notice . In these tespects the population amongst whom we practice are in a much worse position now that they were five or six years ago ; and that , for three years past , their condition has been gradually sinking , and -we never knew them in so bad a state at aay former period . T . H . WaRDLEWOBTH , Robert Byker . George Morris , Walter Dunlop . Rochdale , Dec 13 th , 1841 .
PRESTON . Although Preston has not suffered to the same extent aa many other manufacturing towns , yet , as evidences of the deterioration of its trade and the sufferings of tbe people , I present you with the following statement on which yen may rely . Last year the collectors of poors' -ratea returned the unoccupied houses aa 1 , 230 . Although they have not quite finished the delivery of Vie tickets for the present half-year , they stated that there will be at least an additional 400 houses empty , so that we nave now upwds of 1 , 600 houses without tenants . It would be difficult to state with certainty the number of persens out of work . Last spring an anti-Corn Law petition waa signed by 1200 of this class . The nnmber I am certain is now more than doubled .
Last year tbe cost of maintaining the poor was higher than in the previous years , but tbe out-relief is now 55 per cent and tbe in-door relief 41 per cent more than at this time last year . Even young men , skilled artisans , are begging every week for admission into the workhouse . The number of patients admitted into the Preston Dispensary not only shows tbe increase of sickness among tbe poor , but plainly points out the periods of cheap food as decidedly favourable to health : — Number of cases : —In 1832 , 2 . 481 ; 1833 , 2 , 267 ; 1834 , 2 , 400 ; 1835 , 2 308 ; 1836 , 1 . 910 ; 1837 , 2374 ; 1838 , 2 , 293 ; 1839 , 2 , 431 ; 1840 , 3 , 072 ; 1841 , 3 , 878 .
The bills of mortality for the parish show , that while the baptisms have increased in abont the same ratio aa the population , the burials are more than double the number in 1840 compared with 1841 . The increase of mortality is seen from the following returns for Preston for the four years since the new registration was introduced : —Number of deaths—1838 , 1 , 26 a ; 1839 , 1 , 277 ; 1840 , 1 , 739 ; 1841 , 1 , 729 . Tbe following account of the number of ca 6 as tried for felony at the Preston sessions from 1831 to 1841 , clearly mark the cheap and dear years in their influence uuon crime : — In the year 1831 , 248 cases ; in 1832 , 224 cases ; in 1833 , 198 cases ; in 1834 , 249 cast-s ; in 1835 , 168 cases ; in 1836 , 187 cases ; in 1837 , 277 cases ; in 1838 , 308 cases ; in 1835 , 328 cases ; in 1840 , 366 cases ; in 183 d , 3 G 6 casea ; in 1841 , 421 cases .
This increase has been principally from those residing in the town , as will appear from the following : — Cases of Felony from Preston . In the year 1835 , 18 ; 1836 , 27 ; in 1837 , 84 ; in 1838 , 108 ; in 1839 , 112 ; in 1840 , 160 ; in 1841 , 144 . This alarming inert ase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops , concert-rooms , &c , but when I consider the great increaso of cb . urcb . eB , chapels , schools , and moral in .-titutfis , which ought to be in their counteracting influence , I cannot help attributing much oi this increase to the want of employment caused by the pressure of the times , and which always falls first upon the idle and dissolute .
The wages of spinners have been reduced this year about ten per cent , with a probability of a atill greater reduction . The wages of the weaver fell twenty-five per cent , during the present yew . Some manufacturers have closed , and many others are regularly reducing the number of their hands . Weavers are wandering about and trilling to take work at any price . Every body ' s spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly , and the small farms in the neighbourhood , owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes , are fast sinking into ruin . A subscription has been raised ,
eenp , meal , clothing , and bedding are being given to the poor . I visit the houses of the poor every week , bnt to give you a description of the poor living and the miserable furniture \ it &uch it can be called ) , of thfc wretched bedding , of tbe amount of human wretchedness and misery -which * I find amongst them , would exceed all belief unless it were witnessed . I took the Rev . Mr . Spencer and J . Curtis , Esq ., when here , to see some of these cases , and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery , as well aa Christian patience exhibited by these poor people .
Owners ti cottage propeity can scarcely get any rent , and distress sales are frequent I asked one of the collectors to give me the returns of the amounts of some of kia distress sales . He banded me the following statement of the gross sums received at thirteen different sales within tbe last two months : — 1 st , £ 1 lls . ; 2 nd , lls . 2 ^> l ; 3 rd , £ 2 8 s . ; 4 th , 35 . 4 ^ d . ; 5 th , 14 s . 2 d . ; 6 th , 8 s . 3 jd . ; 7 th , 12 a . 6 id . ; 8 th , 7 s . 4 d . j 8 th , 2 a . 8 d . ; 10 th , 12 a . 5 d . j 11 th , 7 s . 10 £ d . ; 12 th , 13 s . Id . ; 13 th , 6 s . 3 d . It may be necessary to explain that the sale which produced £ 2 8 s ., waa in tbe case of a small shopkeeper When it is considered that the miserable beddiBg and furniture of a whole family will not fetch more than £ 3 8 a , 2 * . 8 d- » or 3 s . 4 d ., or scarcely in amount to more than 20 s . can we wonder at the paprnrioax of the bom * Market ? . - - ;
Indeed we arc m a dreadfaj atate , « n 4 altboagh apparextly as quiet as death , toe feeling . of dlsaffettoon is rapidly progressing . Our sinking la motala ia not leas rapid than that in reference to our physical condition . J . LlVESBT . Preston , Dec 15 , 1841 . OSWALDTWISTLE , IN THE PARISH OP WBALLET . Population 6 , 500 . There are 1 , 177 individuals , constituting 243 families , whose average earniags per wtek are Is . 3 id . No account was tiken of any family where
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the earnings amounted to or exceeded 2 s . per week for each individual , and a great number were just over that limit . Toe general destitution is great In some cases the visitors found only one bed for ten persona , without a particle ot covering , « u » din nwnj inttiacM , four , five , and six had to occupy one bed , with nothing to throw over them , A great many whose earnings are more than 23 . are almost entirely destitute of beds and clothing . ¦ •' , ' ¦ .-..- . The scenes of misery , destitution , and wretchedness which the visitors have witnessed , they would hope are without a parallel , and there appears at present bo prospect of any amendment , but fear tbat even the small pittance which many are enabled to obtain will be yet further reduced .
About £ 280 have been collected in aid of the suffering poor of the district Sir Robert Peel owns land in the parish from whioh he draws in rent about £ 2 , 000 a-year . I understand that he bas given the " princely " donation , from the above sum « f £ 20 towards the relief of the poor . December 15 th , 1841 . Glossop . —Since 1836 the , redaction in wages has been on spinning 25 per cent ., on card-room hands 12 percent , on . power-loejn weaving 14 per cent .- With regard to the numbers employed , only one part of the
neighbourhood has as yet been taken . But , judging from the one that has been taken , I should say that the number of unemployed in the manor is about 700 . The number of mills not working is 13 . On account of the badness of trade there is no building going on , and all masons , joiners , Me , in the neighbourhood are out of work . But now there is a great number of houses uninhabited , and the depression of all kinds of property kas been very great I think I may safely say that there is not a single spinner ' or manufacturer -who is not carrying on his business at a loss , and in many cases a very great one .
HYDE . A reduction of the wagea of factory bands to the amount of 12 per cent , has taken place in the last two years . In and adjoining Hyde , factories heretofore employing 1 , 700 hands are entirely stopped , and others employing 4 , 000 hands are working only four days a week . Almost all tee carpenters , masons , bricklayers , machine-makers , and many other artixuns and common labourers are suffering from want of employment . There are six cotton factories and one print works not working . Crime has considerably increased . All the manufacturers have been obliged to work their machinery
with fewer hands , and have discharged every person with whom they coold possibly dispense . Many workpeople who had built cottages have been obliged to sell them . Emigration is going on snore extensively from this neighbourhood than at any former period . Many of the steadiest and most skilful operatives are included amongst the emigrants . Hyde , until lately , has been remarkable for being one of tbe most prosperous manufacturing districts ; but there is now a marked difference in the comforts and appearance of the inhabitants , and the distress among the working classes ia rapidly increasing .
HAMLET AND SUBURBS OF MOSSLEY . Populati on ^ , 000 ; bouses , 1 , 650 ; unoccupied houses , 140 ; mills working , 37 ; partially working , 6 ; entirely stopped , 8 ; working full time , 7 ; working short time , 22 ; hands employed , 2 . 800 ; bands unemployed , 450 . Wages . —The decrease in the wagea of cotton hands during the last ten years is 25 per cent . The decrease in the wages of woollen hands for the same time ia 45 per cent Condition . —The want of employment , and the general working of short time , cause the district to be in a very deplorable state . There are many families in the deepest distress . Shopkeepers and tradesmen of all kinds cry out most bitterly ; complaints are universally prevalent , and prospects for the future exceedingly dark and gloomy , and altogether things seem to be on a fearful system of the downward " sliding scale . "
bury . Wagea paid by Wagea paid by R . Walker , Smith , Walker & Brother , and Co ., ma- engineers and iron chine-makers . founders . Total . 1836 £ 22 . 039 £ 23 414 £ 45 , 5 t 3 1837 . 16 774 19 , 914 3 C . 687 1 MS 20 , 3 C « 27 , 200 47 , 565 1839 14 219 25 784 40 . 003 1840 11 , 124 17 , 709 28 . 833 1841 .... 10 . 546 13 258 23 . 804
The wagea for the lost few weeks have only averaged £ 350 a week , with every prospect of a still further failing off . The only iteration in the rate of wages is amongst the mechanics , but that will not amount to more than five per cent , upon the present gross payments . The machine-making establishment has been almost entirely employed in making self-act kg mules , or altering old mules so as to work upon that principle . LEIGH . Tbe greater part of tbe working population is employed in silk weaving , and the wages paid are nominally the same as in 1836 , but since that period the trade baa experienced numerous and great depressions , during which heavy deductions have been made
from the wages of weavers . The cotton weavers employed have had tbeir wages reduced abeut 20 to 25 per oeut since 1836 , and they now receive 5 s . for weaving a description of cloth for which 30 s . were regularly . paid to 1816 . An able-bodied and clever workman does not earn more than 5 s . per week in this branch . It is calculated that there are 3 , 000 looms out of employment during the last three months , and perhaps about 4 , 000 employed in the silk trade . The cotton weavers of tbe district have been little more than half employed for tbe two years previous te last October , since when they have been somewhat better employed , though not fully , and great numbers have given it up altogether . The hands in fo « r factories are fully employed , and in the remaining five about half employed .
The following are the amounts paid on account of the poor's-ratss since the formation of the Leigh Union : — The last three months in 1838 £ 1 , 415 1839 8 , 772 1840 4 674 The first nine months in 1841 3 . 597 There are two cotton factories unemployed . In consequence of the scarcity of work , the low rate of wages , and the high price of provisions , a subscription to the amount of £ 400 has been raised in the township for the relief of the most destitute ; and from the reports of the vMora employed , it appears that the people ate in a state of greater wretchedness than they have been in since the year 1826 .
WrGAN . The bandloom weavers have been reduced since the year 1835 from 7 s . to 5 s . per piece . The power loom weavers have been reduced in a similar proportion to tbe mule spinners and reelers , aa will be explained below . The cotton spinners' rate of wages has not varied much for the last six years , except among reelers and mule spinners , whose wages have been reduced one-fifth . With four exceptions , the mills in the town are now working only four days a week ; consequently , reducing the operatives one-third for want of full employment . The colliers in Wigan and the neighbourhood , in the year 1835 , got 6 s . 8 d . for getting three tons of coals . In tbe present year 1841 , they get 7 a . foi gttting seven tons sixteen cwt of
coals , and there is now more difficulty in getting the coats than there was in 1835 , owing to the depth , of tbe pits , and tbe accumulation of water and infhmmable gas . 795 families have been visited , comprising 3 , 780 individuals ; of these I / 23 are under twelve years of age ; of the remainder , at least , one-third are entirely unemployed , another one-third wholly employed , and the other one-third only partially employed . At a fair computation by persona competent to form an opinion , at least , one-half of the population consists of labouring persons , of whom one half are wholly unemployed . The amount of poor ' s-rates for the last six years : — Upon an assessment of £ 34 , 930 , the annual average rate levied for the years 183 G , 1837 , and 1838 , was £ 3 , 493 15 s . Cd . In 1839 , a new assessment waa
made , and apen the new assessment of £ 47 , 712 , tbe rate levied for the year 1839 was £ 4 , 771 15 s 6 d : in 1840 it w-8 £ 5 , 464 ; and in 1841 it has already been at £ 8 , 742 . There are seven mills ut present not working and notice has been given this week for the stoppage of another in a fortnight The largest engineering establishment in the town has commenced partially working four days per week . There are upwards of 260 persons em ploy ed at this establishment . The people , although in great distress , and in too many instances , positively starving to de&tU , appeared to enjoy momentary consolation from the very fact of persons being appointed to inquire into and sympathise with their suffering . The persons vltited consisted of hand-loom weavers , factory operatives . coal-miners , artisans , and others , all of whom ,
with the exception of a trifling few , obligingly gave tbe required information . The number of families visited were 795 , comprising 3 , 780 individuals , 1423 of vrhem are under twelve years of age , about one-third of the remainder are without employment ; the other twothirds , some of them wholly , and others partially employed , unitedly , average in their weekly earnings , with parochial relief included , and rent deducted , £ 279 7 a 7 d . which divided , will give each individual the sum of Is . 5 £ d per week for food , clothing , candies , fuel , Hoap , Sec , or which / laid out in good bread at its now exorbitant price , would purchase only 7 $ l '* a . per week , or scarcely lib . 2 c & per day for each individual , leaving nothing foe other food , clothing , fuel , tea , coffee , or any ether article necessary . This skm per head ia not equal in amount to - the average cost of
each pauper throughout the Poor Law Unions . Oat of the whole number there are 1 , 158 whose average income varies from . sixpence to on * shilling per head per week , and not more , Deairpui of eliciting every information connected with the manner ta which tt » working people , live both by nigbt and by day , it WM found that 1 , 104 persona slept three in a bed ( if such it could be called ) , 712 four ia i bed , SOD five , 15 « six , and 66 even and eight in a bed , while a very many poor creatures were met with who had neither bed nor bedding , nor anything but the bare floor to lie down upon when nature became exhausted . Nineteen-twentietha of the materials termed " beds" and "bedding" cannot properly be said to have claim to such like terms , being nothing mere in tbe majority of cases than old straw , chaff , shavings , or some other such like materials , held
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together by coarse wrappering , withont either blankets , sheets , or coverings of any kind , and in many instances where there was covering , it was only a piece of coarse calico pieces . Some had sold , and others pawned all they could spare , even to tbeir beds and bedding , to procure food for themselves and famishing children . However unnatural it may appear * it is nevertheless true , that in some dwellings old age , youth , and infancy , b 5 x , seven , and eight in number , of both sexes , are obliged to huddle Indiscriminately together in ene bed , for want of means to provide better accommodation . Several hundreds of families , both parents and . children , have no change ot ctethes of any description , the linen of both ; men , women , and children , has to be washed on the Saturday
night , the parties having to remain entirely destitute until it ia dried . Hundreds also complain of their inability to attend their respective places of worship on the Sabbath day , for want of decent clothes to appear in ; while many , after relating the appalling difficulties under iwhlch they laboured , wished "The Almighty might terminate their sufferings before morning . " In several houses , during our visit in the afternoon , the children were crying most piteously , and in reply to a question for their , so doing , it was stated they were crying for bread , not having tasted any . kind of food that day . Some of the dwellings contained scarcely anything but the bare walls ; in many of this description , there being no Beats or any kind of furniture , we were obliged to write standing with our books upon our knees . ' '
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. ^ BEAUTIES OF ENGLISH LAW . On the 5 th of February last , there was published in the Shrewsbury Chronicle a , paragraph , in which Mr . Fauntleroy . a wool-merchant of Bermondsey , was stated to have suffered a heavy loss , from having been induced to give goods to a person named Ho well , engaged in the woollen trade at Llanidioes , which were afterwards obtained by the party by whom the character was given . The name of the individual who gave the character waa not stated in the paragraph , but on the 12 th February the attorney of Mr . Jones , a banker at Llanidioes , aent an affidavit to tbe Shrewsbury Chronicti , to the effect that his client waa the party-alluded to in the paragraph . On the 4 th of March , Jones , through Mb attorney , demanded the name of the person who forwarded the original paragraph for publication , accompanied by a suggestion that if a statement were inserted to the effect that the editor " bad inquired into the accusation against Jones , and found it false" this might end all farther proceedinga . After some correspondence , tbe
name of the writer of the paragraph was communicated to Jones , asd in the Shrewsbury Chronicle of the 12 th of March appeared the following retractation : — " As some persons seemed to imagine that the statements in the paragraph of tbe 5 th of February apply to Benjamin Jones , Esq ., banker , Llanidioes , we have made inquiry , and are authorised to state that not the slightest imputation rebts on that gentleman . We axe glad to give this decided contradiction . " On the day that this contradiction appeared , the writ in the action was issued . The trial was appointed to take place in Iiondon in June last , and for eighteen days the plaintiff and his attorney and witnesses , and the witnesses of the defendant , were , kept there at enormous expence , and dismissed without the cause being tried . The plaintiff then caused a special jnry . to be summoned to try the cause , and all the witnesses on both aides had again to be taken to London , where , on Friday , the 3 rd instant , the cause was tried , and one farthing damages were given .
Tbe plaintiff applied t » his Lordship to certify , in order to have his costs ; but Lord Dinman said be did not consider this a case which required a certificate . The Shrewsbury Chronicle gives the following estimate of the plaintiff * s costs : — EXPEN 8 ESOF WITNESSES , &C , ON THE FIRST TRIAL ,
IK JUNE . JONES V . WATTON . Owens , solicitor , 18 days , at two guineas a-day ... ... 37 16 o Travelling expenses , 186 miles , at Is . a mile up ... 9 6 0 Ditto , down . 9 6 0 Pryce , manufacturer . 15 s . a-day for 18 days 13 10 0 Travelling expenses , up and dewn Is . a miles , from Llanidioes to London , 200 miles ... ... ... 20 0 0 Morris , stitloner , 15 s . a-day for 18 days ... 13 10 0 Travelling expencta , up and down , 200 miles 20 0 0 Star key , 18 days , at a gutaea a-day ... 18 18 0 Travelling expenoea , 186 miles , up
and down ... 18 18 0 Hayward , 18 day 8 at two guineas a-day ... 37 16 p Travelling expencea 20 0 0 Jones , 18 days , at 15 s . a-day 13 10 0 Travelling « xpences 20 0 0 Fee to the counsel 21 0 0 Briefs 15 0
SECOND IRIAL . Owens , 5 days 10 10 0 Travelling expenses , up and down 18 12 0 Sturkey , 5 daya ... ... 5 5 0 Travelling expenses 20 t 0 Hayward , 5 days ... 10 10 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Fish , 6 days ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Davies , 5 daya ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 . 0 0 Jones , 5 days ... 3 15 6 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Refreshers to three counsel 6 6 0 Fees to their clerks 110 Special jury 21 0 0 Court Fees 4 0 0 Other costs of the cause 35 6 0
£ 511 13 0 These are independent of the defendant ' s costs , the greater party of which , as it turns out , the plaintiff will have to pay , and also independent of all the costs between himself and bis attorney . The Welsh have the character of being a very litigious ' people , and no stronger proof could be given of their peculiar propensity tban this brief narrative . Mr . Jones , however , must be convinced now that a man may " pay too much for his whistle . "
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RULES AND OBJECTS OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That this Association be denominated the Anti-Tobacco Temperance Association . 2 . That the affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Committee of six persons , with power to add to their number . 3 . That the Members of the Committee shall be elected every six months , one half to be re-elected . 4 . That the Committee shall meet once a week , er of tener if necessary . 5 . That there be a general met ting of the Association every for the admission of members , to receive reports , and the transaction of general business . 6 . That no rule or article be altered without the consent of a majority of members , all of whom shall receive a week ' s notice of the same . 7 . That e . ich member subscribe one penny per week , to defray the expenees of the Association .
8 . That it be the duty of this Association to advance the moral and intellectual welfare of the members , by lectures and other means . 9 . That aa early as the funds will allow , a convenient place Bhall be hired for tbe use of the Association , and a library of useful books be established , in order that the members may Spend their leisure hours grofi Ably , and set a good example . . 10 . That the members of the Association are earnestly recommended to take an interest in the welfare of each other , by trading with , and endeavouring to procure employment for any of the members who are in want of the same ; and in order to facilitate this object , a record of each member ' s trade , or occupation be kept by the secretary , and read over at the general monthly meetings .
11 . That the members of this Association adopt , as their motto , the following beautiful rale of justice , "Do unto others as ye wonld they should do unto you . 12 . In order that harmony of sentiment , and unanimity of action , may characterise the Association , all discussion on questions of Theology is exoreaaly forbidden . *^' 13 . That in order to prevent embarrassment in the pecuniary affairs of the Association , the Committee shall not allow the debts of the Association to exceed , at anytime , the sum of 10 a , 14 . Tbat persons desirous of becoming members of this Association must abstain from tobacco , snuff . cigars , asd all intoxicating drinks for one week previous to their admission , in order to toy the principle and prevent a relapse .
15 . That a prize be given for the beet essay on the bad effects of tobacco , as soon as the funds can award the same ; the amount of prize to be decided by a majority of membera . 16 . That the following be the pledge aud qualification of membership ; We , the undersigned , agree to abntalu from tobaboo , anuff , cigars , and all intoxicating liquors , fermented ; or distilled , and in every suitable way diacoantenance the causes aad practises of intamperatvoe . . - . ' . ' . ; ¦ - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ > ; - ¦ : . . /¦ . . ¦" ¦; - . .- ¦; ¦¦ ¦¦ 17 . That viators be chosen to , distribute tracks , visit members , eoU « ct sontritatioBs , and to make , a « eb ststiatteali j * tanuf as may fca eaJled toe . Also that a Saperinttedeatbe appointed to « v « ry ten TiaitetK 18 . Th * V an mnual meeting of the Association I * held at rasb tlaa * and place as the commute * may appoint , at which meeting a General Report of the Association ' s proceedings daring tho put year « haU be
19 . Tbat there be open Committee on Tuesday even ings , at Mr . DorreUa Coffee Honse , » , West Smith field . Chair taken at eight precisely . 2 ft All communications may sect , post-paid , to Mr Christie , I . O . R ., 7 , Duke-atreet , Smithfield .
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From the London Gazette of Friday , Dec . 17 . BANKRUPTS . John Walker , Wardour-street , Oxford-street , ap . praiser , to surrender Dec . 24 , at half-past one . Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Couit of Bankruptcy , Basinghallstreet Solicitors , Messrs . Cranch and Wright , Londonstreet , Fenchurch-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . John Griffiths , Leicester-Street , Regent street , milliner , Dec . 24 , at half-past two , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Bell , Craven-street , Strand ; official assignee , Mr . Peanell . William Amoa , Walbrook , City , sponge-merchant , Dec- 24 , at eleven , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court of B tnkruptcy , Basin ^ haU-street . Solicitor , Mr . Rutherford , Lombard-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . Charles Daniell , Oxford-street , jeweller , Doc . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghallstreet . Solicitor , Mr . Spyer , Broad-street-bnildings ; official assignee , Mr . Whitmore , Basinghall-street .
Augustus Frederick Hemming , Chiswell-street , Finsbury , elastic surgical instrument-maker , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall street . Solicitor , Mr . Teague , Crown-court , Cheapside ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Copthall-hnildings . John William Horend , Paradise-street , Lambeth , builder , Dec . 28 , at one , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitors , Messrs , Thompson and Co ., Bucklersbury ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basingoail-street . Robert Bacon and Robert Wayman , Barbican , wireworkers , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Messra . Crosby and Co ., Church-passage , Old Jewry ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street . .
William Blain , St . Andrew ' s-road . Southwark , draper , Dec- 27 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitor , Mr . Catkin , Ely-place , Holborn ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Copthallbuildinga . Robert Scott , William Fairlie , and Joseph Hare , Union-conrt , City , merchants . Deo . 29 , at twelve , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Couit of Bankruptcy , B-singhallatreet Solicitor , Mr . Gordon , Old Broad-street ; official assignee , Mr . Johnson , Basinghall-street . John Colnett , Gravesend , hotel-keeper , Dec . 28 , at half-past one , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Baainghall-street Solicitors , Mr . Shoubridge , Bedford-row ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , Basinghallstreet Elihn Wilson , King-street , St Giles , stationer , Jan . 8 , atone , 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Gale , Basinghallstreet ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchurch-Iane .
Edward Hale Hughes , Wraxham , Denbighshire , licensed victualler , Dec . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Wynnstay Arms Inn , Wrexham . Solicitors , Messrs . Philpot and Son , Southampton-street , Bloomsburysquare ; and Mr . Hughes , Wrexham . Timothy Bourne , Liverpool , cotton-broker , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at one , ' at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Mr . Howard , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Jeaings , Bolton , and Jenfngs , Elm-court , Temple . Joseph Rogers , Shrewsbury , hop-dealer , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Guildhall , Shrewsbury . Solicitors , Messrs . Ponall and Cross , Staple Inn ; and Mr . Cooper , Shrewsbury . John Righton , Hebburn , Durham , brewer , Jan . 18 , at one , 28 , at eleven , at the Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyue . Solicitors , Mr . Hoyle , Newca * tle-upon-Tyne : and Messrs . Crosby and Compton , Church-court , Old Jewry .
Thomas Eskrigge , Warrlngton , Lancashire , cottonmannfacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at twelve , at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Adlingt m , Gre-Kory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row ; and Messrs Nicholson and Sons , WarringtoB . Joseph Peel , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , picture-dealer , Jan . 13 , at eleven , 28 , at one , at the Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Mr . Piumptre , Lamb-building , Temple ; and Mr . Cram , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . James lngham . Halifax , Yorkshire , stonemason , Dec 29 , at nine , Jan . 28 , at the Shakespeare Inn , Halifax . Solicitors , Messra Jaques , Battye , and Edwards , Elyplace ; add Mr . Edwards , Halifax . Charles Carr , Heaton Norris , Lancashire , cotton manufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at three , at the Commissioners ' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Coppock and Woollara , Stockpoit ; and Mr . Coppock , Clevelandrow , Saint James ' s .
Richard Coleman , Manchester , mercer , Jan . 1 , atone 28 , at eleven , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Sale and WorthiBgton , Manchester ; and Messra Baxter , Loacoln ' B Inn-fields . Michael Potter and John Lever , Manchester , commission agents , Jan . 7 , 28 , at two , at the Commissioners ' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Slater and Heelis , Manchester ; and MeSJTS . Milne , Parry , Milne , and Morris , Harconrt-buildings , Temple . Alexander Wynne Pollock , Liverpool , commission merchant , Jan . I , 28 , at two . at the Clarendon Rooms . Liverpool . Solicitor , Messrs . Sharpe , Field , and Jackson , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Harvey and Filcon , Liverpool .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . G . P . Jennings and A . L . Saul , Mancheater , letterpress print .-rs—H . Lord and J . Nicholson , Lee-head , Yorkshire , painters—J . Bsttersby and H . A . Dnckworth . Liverpool—D . BroadhuMt , J . Broadhurst , and H . R . Broadhurst , Manchester , merchants ; as far as regards J . BroarihUTst— G . H . Matterson and F . B . Cooler , York , linen-drapers—T . 8 . Eddowes , J . Betteltyand F . J . Bury , Liverpool , chain-cable-manufacturer—R . Scotson and J . Miller , Wheelton , Lancaster , ateers—J . 8 . Reid and J . R . Crisp , Liverpool , commission-merebants —H . Waterhouse , J . Thompson , and W . Booltofc Manchester , cotton-spinners .
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Fashions for the Month . —Coats are very much wora , particularly at the elbows , and are trimmd with » Bhining sub * twice , which gives them a very glossy appearance . ' . A rnn of white rnns down tho seame , and the covering « f tbe buttons is slightly opened , so as to-show the woodea nufe ^ rial under it . aateiwevTO ^ rtgbtlrindsirted rt thd top , and ire hare torn toner&i inwfcioh part of the brimis sloped off without any particular regard to- the quantity abstracted . - Walking-dresses mre very nmoh dotted just now with brown spots of a mud colour , thrown on quite irregularly , and the heels of the stocking may sometimes be seen trimmed with the sain * material . A soit of basket-work ia now * g «* t deal seen as a head-dress , and in these cases it » ftrewed over with little silver fish , something like » common sprat , whioh gives it a light and graeefiu character . —Punch .
90anfcvttj≫T& #C.
90 anfcvttj > t& # c .
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PROSECUTION FOR " SEDITION" IN ^ IRELAND . In the Leinaler Express , (» Tory journal , ) publish ** on Saturday , there is a report of an application , maS on the previous Monday to the magistrates at the P # m Sessions of Mountmelick , Queen ' s County , to receive to formation for sedition against Mr . William Connor . respectable landholder , who resides at Inch , i * thT neighbourhood ot Stradb&Myv , ^ V Mr . Browne , from the office of the Crown Solicitor of the Home CircuSt , attended by direction of the Attor . ney-Geneial to prosecute the case . The flrat witness examined was George Stewait Bjll , Sab-Inspector of Police ; who read bia own information— ,:
V Recollects Sunday , the nth November bti Aft » Divine service on tbat day , aaw about one Hundred pw . sons assembled in the Market-so . uare ot Mwintmelick and saw William Connor addressing them in a ^ violent and exciting tone of language , Heard Connor say thai thoMembers of PaHiainent were al * zy , scurvy , set ol rascals , useless servants , and forgot themselves like other rascals ; tbat tyrant landlords would be murdered and that it was not U wondred at , for It was hothiaj but the reward of tyranny , and the fanlt lay nowhere but at their own doors . And Connor further added—I
tell Sir Robert Peel and the Government that there never will be peace in Ireland till these grievances art remedied . Connor was frequently cheered bythepeopleand witness has no doubt that snch language , addressed to persons in the rank of life of those assembled , woalfl be calculated to hold up landlords to hatred , and produce public discontent and hostility to the laws of toe country . " Mr . Hill further stated , that Ke had been handed two printed papers by Sub-Constable Donally , with the name of William Connor attached to one of them ; and that the paper contained the folio wing passages : — : ' '
"That every man having the possession of any portion of the soil as a tenant-at-will , or on a lease shall havt a fair valuation of bis land by a jury of sworn men . " " That neither tithe , rent-charge , county-oess poor-rate , nor any other acreabte assessment , shall be charged to the tenant , in addition to the valued rent " Mr . Hill said he believed that such words were caV culated to create discontent and disaffection among net Majesty ' s subjects . Mr . Samuel Sheano , a Magistrate , and Policeman gave evidence of a similar kind . Mr . Connor said that ha urged the people not to violate the Jaws ; though he could " predict" murder from the present state of the
laws" My address on that and thirty or forty other occasions was not of a political tendency—it related to political economy : therefore , I thiaK the whole matter harmless , and not a crime against the laws of the country . If I am allowed to examine witnesses , I shall satisfy the Magistrates of my innocence : my arguments are against the rackrent system of the country , founded on the law of the land ; and I told the people in my address , that nothing could justify * them to raise their hands against their landlords or the laws of the country . I am a landlord myself . " Mr . Connor afterwards added , that his object was to show the people the way to redress their grievances by their undoubted right to petition . Many speeches much stronger than his had been delivered in Parliament .
Captain Tibaudo , one of the Magistrates on the bench , said that he considered such language calculated to inflame'an excitable mob ; and Mr . Connor wa 9 held to bail to answer the charge at the next Assizes .
Untitled Article
g THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1141/page/6/
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