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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ftATKINS'S IE&ACY TO THE CHABTISTS . LSCTT 7 E . E IIL CONCLUDED . Aj Christianity has been perverted , polluted—&g it jj ^ s been reversed by those -who « ' profess and call thernjeJyee Ckristians , " there is much need of s revival of g of a restoration of it to its first principles—of a KBe-sral of it , and -what ia to do this?—what but Charfcjgm ? Politics led religion astray , and politics mnst j ^ ng her back again . By the Charter alone can the £ efozmed be transformed . It la necessary therefore jjjat ve should show the analogy between Chartism ^ _
ggji Christianity—list we should compare the two . jjg first , there ia tkia one rreat prevailing and pervading principle common to both—they are both essentially democratic Nothing can be more opposed to ^ js-leg klstJon , class-distinctions , usurpations and ^ pjesa ons thd Christianity is . There are numerous pasusgea in th 8 Heir Testament that proTe this . Were Ito qnote them , tbey -troafcl fill up a sermon of themgelTes . —I "wiil . therefore , leave tliat part of the subject jo yourselves , and hasten to some minor points of resembliince or coincidence" which are not so obvious .
The Rtform Bill was the precursor of the Charter , e ven as John the Baptist ¦ was of Jesus Christ The said Jo-ha ttss no " finality Jack "—he always modestly represented himself as one "wbo ¦ was merely preparing { be way , making the path straight—as an inefficient beiald or harbinger of a mighly reformer and 8 avlour to come , " wbose fan , " said he , " is in his band , and be Trill thoroughly purge his floor , and gather his wheat into the garner , but the chaff he 'will burn up -with unquenchable fire . " Will not the Charter do this with the present despotic form of government and the accursed system "Which it tss brought forth—even as death was born of sin ? Yes , the Charter is the axe laid to the root , and every tree tbit bringeth not forth good fiuit will be hewn down and cast into the fire .
Among the poor tbe gospel -was first preached . The Jjigher classes did not come forward to set an example , except a bad one , but were compelled to follow the examp ' . s set by the lower classes . Christianity took its seat at the lower end of the room , but -was presently Hd to w&llt up higher , and in the end shB sat at the bead of the table . So will it be with Chartism . Bat let Chartism in prosperity not forget -what it -was in adversity ; not-forget its true end and intent Christianity began in the villages—it flourished most in the eountry . So with Chartism . Jesus Christ could make tmt little impression in the cities ; ia the hellow and rotten capital , in Jerusalem , he could make none at bIL
The doctrines taught by Christ were not bis ownthey ^ srere not new ; they -w « e founded on truth , and truth is old , old es 6 k ? d himself ; but his manner was something new ; it was something new to see a poor jn&n , a carpenter , a vf Diking man , out of an obscure city to see hiss coma foith , and in the teeth of prejudice , privilege , and power , in spite of general corruption and degradation to hear him preach reform , and with a fearless disregard of all personal consequences , not caring Trhat friends he lost , what enemies he found , boldly tell the truth , fearlessly denounce the inhuman rich , enter the very places of pablie worship , places which he told them they had made dens cf thieves { themselves beingihethieves ) , enter into the solemn temples and tear off the veil of hypocrisy from those who deluded
to oppress the people , give a trne exposition of those doctrines ¦ which they had wrested and perrerted to serve their own sinister purposes , and not only minister to mind's disease , but to diseased bodies also , for the Jewish priests "were physicians as welL All this be did unpaid ; be did it though he suffered for it . Now no one in modern times has had the daringness to do this , Bnl >» g « we except George Fox , the Quaker . He went inte what he called the " steeple-booses , " and rebuked the parsons in the face of their congregations . They ¦ who saw and heard those things thought them strange —thought them the tricks of a madman , for " truth is ttrange , stranger than fiction . " A good man "was to them a treat novelty , but , as I said before , there was nothing new in the doctrines taughl by Christ , nor in the principles which we Chartists teach . They are not the creations of ear own fancy , the inventions of our own imagination . No . We take them from God and nature , ts best suited to the welfare and happiness of man ,
both here and hereafter . They are the wisdom of the pa » t experience cf aU ages , stamped with the simplicity cf truth , "with thB sublimity of all time ; they have the impress cf divinity itself to give them currency ; they are nn new-fangled notions ; they were in forte in ancient Greece aad Rtme , and mado those republics so famous that they , are still quoted as exemplars to all nations . Many heroes , many martyrs have fonjht and died for them ; America owns them ; England once owned them—yes , our Constitution was founded on them— "was formed cf them ; for , like Christ , we come not to destroy but to build np—to fulfil the law -which tu been turned aside , made a tool of , a destroyer of justice and humanity—those sacred principles which it was mea-t to preserve . As Chrirt entered into the labours of the ancient prophets to continue and conclude them , so are tre perfecting the labours of the good men and true btfore us , tbe Painta , the Cartwrigbts , the Huata . the Cobbetta .
Those who ter > ch for doctrines the commandments of men , in opposition to G m 2—who , having possession of tbe vineyard , beat the messengers jsent to them , and vould kill the heirs , the rightful oimers—those Unjust judges and wicked stewards say that wa blaspheme wbtn we Jell tbe truth—that we are madmen , liars , spoilers , destroyers ; but "wisdom is justified in her children . We care not for their misrepresentation , their calumny , their abuse ; vre know that we are in the light ; they know it too , and therefore they avoid discussions with as ; they dare not ask us questions , for they dread our answers ; they harden their hearts ; but va tike Christ' 8 advice respecting ail such— " Love your enemies , fcisss them that curse you , do good to them that bata you , and pray for them -which despitefully BS 8 you and persecute yon . "
Christ ' s cfcletrated senncn on the mount—what is it bu : a manual of Chartism—a munnal for Chartists ?—of comfoit to all in tribulation , cf encouragement to all ¦ who agitate , of exhortation to leave oSVworldliness , and to bb-ware of false jropbets . " Many false prophets shall arise , and shall deceive many . " Has it not been so with us ? " Bacausa iniquity shall abound , the lore of many shall wax cold . " Has it not been so with us ? Have not some been seduced from us , others been alienated * « ' But he that endures to the end the same shall be saved " There vrtre many -who believed in the doctrines taught by Carist , who acknowledged them to be jast , and yet -would not confess so much openly , lest they should bfccoa . e marked men . and be pnt out of their
synagogues . So with us . Chartists have been turned out ef Tt' tigiocs societies , and cut of empiojment tor no other crime but Chartists . And ou the other hand , there are others -who follew , not for the sake of the cause , but for the loaves and fhhp * . Again , a farther point of comparison . I own a point not mush to the credit of either Ciiartkm or Christianity , bnt cases of defect are stronger proofs than even cases of excellence . An additional cxampk i ? , that there was a Etrife among the disciples of Christ aa to who should be greatest "Ltt him , tsaid Christ ) -who wculd be greatest among you > & tfcd least . " He himself was 8 a He was their sena . it as "well as master . He stooped to -wash their Vcr ; - fret ; but in thus humbling himself , he exalted himslf—he sliovred himself the greatest .
Ciiris * . wished for more labourers in the field—he employed all who offered their j * Tvices , whether at the firsi or at the eleventh hour—he wished none te be driven oct—he -wished zsot that the usefulness of any ose fchuu ' u be lessened , but rather increased . He sctisht not to &Egrcs 3 al ! the honour , all the merit , of tie good work to himself—frhether done by himself or by others—he sonsht only taa advancement of tbe tsas * . liEd he sent forth his disciples into everj town and -vui ^ ge to pTomcta its progress . We have miEEOLaiiea who meet vriib a similar reception to those of Christ—thiit i 3 , they are better received in seme places than in Others .
J « us CliriBt said a man ' s foes should be of his own , bou ^ rh ^ ld , but he also said that he who -was not ¦ y uan * : to leave father and mother , or son or daughter , ' to fuJluw the coed canse , and to snffer all manner of evii for it -was not -worthy cf it . Taey were to leave ; ¦ wealvis for poverty—a home for a wilderness—to take up the Charter , and meet all adversaries and all ad- j rezmy in carrying it forward . Christ ' s sayings and i doings it ere misrepresented—his motives misrepresented j and Lis character maligned , as onrs have bten—Li 3 ; prinrp ' ta were hid from , that is , they -were not re- ; ceivta r . y the -worlsly wise , but were revealed -unto ! babes—unto the siHiple-miDde ^ and the single hearted . VTt Cis-^ rissts do noi scruple to do CbartisJ barin t& 3 nn the Sabbath-fisy . and -we have been rpprehtnded for this by the platrer-scraping scribes and Pharisees uf car ; day . Christ "was an enemy to all bumbne and Ljpn-: cisy . If he trere living , would he rot iash our ctiitf , priestb ?—aot with a whip of small cords . Bui :
' Our weapon is the whip of words , ^ nd train's all-teaching ire . " T WLa * Christ most lamented , -what he found the ; barot " - - to remove , the moit difficult to overcome , - ma \ the ap 3 ihy , the deluiions , the pn-judices of the people \ thcKse ^ es . There -was not only the difficulty of getting ; ie en to receive the tniih ; but when they receiveQ it , ; ihere -was the greater difficulty of getting them to retain . it ; inc . the still greater cifiiculty of getting them toj jmstr \ e it pure from all admixture of error , for ene- j mif-s came after Mm and sowed tares . He saw- that prearhicg plain doctores -was dry work ; tbat abstract truths were not easDy understood or relished ; that j they reeded familiar images to render them intelligible ; the ser-Be to be siowa by sensible examples . He
therefore preached in parables , and his Christian parables ere as applicable to cur times ; as suitable for our pnrprsvE- as well adapted for Chartism as for Chris- j taanhy Witness tbe parable of the sower . Have we j rot > -d t £ r >? e who received the seed , by the v * ay side , f and the f .- > wis if the air , Com Law Repealers , hare come acd ttngfct a-way the seed ? Again , have we not had others -who beard the word , and understood it , and j lored it , £ 3 -Al who have any lovs of truth mnst do ; j fe * - > 7 beked persistive crnstancy , for when tribu- 1 fetion 'i rer-secntion cace because cf the word , they ' *" ere trvi . ccd . ard havirg do root , -withered away . I AgaiE , i > i ; tc tttre tot been otbera 'who received tfce seed , u . i the cares of this ^ rorld and deceitfulness of rictti , t . h irQ it like meds , and it became unfruitful » i laetiy , t-Tt net ethers , and , thank God , they sre the j grfst Jr 3 jcritj . the rest are but exceptions ; sire there j not E-iilioua -who have ifcccired the seed isto Jgc-ca j
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ground , -who hare heard Chartism , understood it , borne fruit , and brought forth seme an hundredfold , some sixty , some thirty ? " He who hath esra to hear , let him bear . " There is also tho parable of the mustard seed , -which is said to be tbe smallest of all aeed ; fent growa into a giant tree : so it is with tbe seed of truth , when sown into the heart , it is a mere word , an idea , invisible ; yet , let it take root , let it be nonrished , and it will " grow , it will expand , it will enlarge itself , it ¦ will become too great for what contains it ; it will burst forth and scatter its seeds abroad into other bosoms .
To-whom shall we liken the Tories—they are like old bottles in which it you put new wine , the strong and vigorous -wine of Chartism , wine made from the very vine of Christ , it will be too much for them , they will crack—they -will fly—and the . Whi $ s are liie those old-worn-out clothes , those tsttered garments that if yon pateh them with the stoat broadeloth of Chartism , the new tears away the old , so that there is not much difference between tbe tec Both travel in the highway of the -world , they go through the wide gate—we have entered the straight gate o ? principle—we have taken the cross of Chritt lor oar guide-post—it points not to Buckingham Palace , nor to Lambeth Palace , but to Heaven , and the Charter is nailed to it , an everlasting scroll , in which is written our title to freedom here and to happiness hereafter .
There are more parallel cases in the parables ; but I am afraid of taking up too much of your time , of Uring your patience ; I will , therefore proceed with the other points of comparison . Have not the Chartists as many and as heavy complaints to make against the Bishop * and Archbishops as Jesus Christ had against ths scribeB and phsrisets . He boldly reproved them in their Tery presence , and some of our brstbren have done this at Norwich and other places . Bat Christ bowed to existing laws , and so do we , not that we revere thwn , but thst by law we may mend the law . We have been tempted by Corn Lstv Repealers , and -we have resisted their temptation as Christ was tempted by the devil in the offset of his ministry . The devil took him fasting , and it is when ¦ we are hungered , when thera is a famine in the land
that the Corn-Law Repealers come to us and tell us -cf the cheap bread , the cheap sugar , the cheap timber , tbe cheap everything that shall be onrs , if only we will yield to their proposals , if only we -will agitate for them ; bnt we bid them get behind us , for they savour not the Charter . ¦ Ami now tha rich are subscribing to giva alms to the poor whom they have beggared ; but we tell thtm that the widow's mite is worth all in our eyes , and more than all when given for the Charter . The same kind of enemies that conspired against Christ conspire against us , and for the same reasons ,
because -we are opposed to their class-robberiea and classcajoleries , and as the chief priests and elders tronUl have taken him long before they did take him , had they not feared the people , so it is their wholesome dread of the people and that alone that k&epsthe hands of our . oppressors off us . Christ was betrayed by one of his own disciples , and it -was a disciple of the Charter—they are professing Chartists that seek to betray u « A robber was loosed and pardoned in preference to Christ , and our Government is more inclined to favour the worst felons and insSeed actually doe . » .
Now these are a few of the parallel coses or points of resemblance between Chartism and Christianity . I could adduce many more , but let these suffice . They are sufficient to show that a Btrong , a close analogy exists between the two , and that no man can be a Christian , unless he be a Chartist , and v \ ce versa Ought not this to be matter of comfort to us—cf consolation—yea , of exultation . Does it not shew that in working out our political redemption , we are actually at the same time working out our spiritual salvation . The bishops may tell us differently bnt we know that they , are not Christians—their lawn sleeves and silk gowns , their bnshy wigs are not the wedding garments
of Christ—all -who are not Chartist j are not Christians . It is the evil we are striving to lesson—the good that we wish to put in its plr . ee that entitles us to the appellation of Christian Chartists . We are doing the work of God on eartb—we are instruments in his bands , and thiDk ye net that the afflictions we endure in-endeavouring t » r-move affliction from others will not be rewarded hereafter ? If we wipe away the tears of injured excellence , of innocent distress , wil ] not God wipe away the tears from our eyes ? Yes , and were it not eo , there is surely sufficient reward for doing good in the satisfaction of our own consciences—for virtue rewards itself , compensates itself .
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m ADBRES 3 OF TBE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO SrP £ ItT > -TEJiD THE ERECTION Or THE MO > rilE > T IS HEJIOKY OF 1 HE i-AZE \ HErmy . mi . vr . To the Charlisls of Manchester and district , and all those j in the United Kingdom tcho support those principles , ! namely the right $ and liberties of the wholepeop'e . oj ' . which thai dUtini / uished patriot teas the unsirtiTing ¦ mitxmquerab ' . e , arni persevering advocate till death . \ Bbother Democrats and Co-workers in tdb ! RIGHTEOUS CAUSE OF TfiCTH AND JUSTICE , —You , ! who -with us , ara striving to redeem yourselves from [ political bondage , and for the sa . vation of your country from impending , and if judicious steps are not rpetdily ! taken to avert it . inavitdble ruin .
The ten 3 of thousands ef you who assembled at Manchester on Good Friday last to witness tbe ceremony ef the laying of the foundation stone , and our ' numerous friends who resided at a distance who re id irom the ne-srepapers the proceedings of that day , and : cf the grand and numerous demonstrations en that occasion , will , tre feel assured , be anxious to ascertain ! what progress we have made in our patriotic and : responsible undertaking . It is therefore with feeiingi > ; of pleasura atd gratification that we hereby inform you ¦ that we are getting on with it rapidly . Th 9 monument i is already raised twelve feet , from the ground , aud will ! be considerably higher by the time this appears in f print There are four stone masons constantly em-! ployed at it , and will be until it is finished , the architect , ! their employer , having guaranteed to have it completed i by the 16 th of August next , tbe same date on which : the tTer-memorable but cruel and atrocious Pcterloo ¦ Massacre took place in the year 1819
To form a striking contrast befvrixt the two days in the two separate years , and to show the onward march of democracy and the omnipotence of public opinion , we have exerted ourselves on behalf of its completion , and it is our intention to loose no time , spare neither pains nor expense so far as ia consistent ¦ with our duty as public servants , in preparing at ones for a national demonstration , to be held on the ICth of August next , to celebrate its completion , and thus hand it down to poste ity as a national token of respect for virtue and integrity .
To enable us to perform the task which we have set ourselves o ? getting it finished , aad , if possible , paid for , we take this , the first favourable opportunity , to make an humble , but urgent appeal , to our brother Chartists , and the Diicocrat 3 generally throughout the empire , -who wish to £ how their respect for , and attachment to , those principles cf ¦ which Henry Hunt , Esq . -sra 3 decidedly one of the bravest , most faithful , aDd unflinching advocates that t 7 er livsd in any age , or any country , for a contribution of their mitB for so worthy an cM ^ it .
Any dGnvt 0 LS or . subscriptions , however small , will be UianfcfaiJy received , and tluly acknowledged , whtu we publish our balance-sheet of ths income and txpencUture . Onr desire ia to rnake it a plain , neat , and cleg-int token of efctee'n ; such a one as will be worthy the life , character , conduct , and principles , of tbe man whom it i * intended to hpnonr—to haiid it down as a personification cf gre :: tprinciples , which will be cre-ditabla to oars-.-iTts , -s » fco have been entrusted with its erection , ana ^ e trusi will rifleci a neyer-dying honour and aumiration on the heads and hearts of those who shall coiitribiKe towards carrying the intention of the conmvaue iuio full tff = ct .
We htreby b .-g most sincsrely to acknowledge the pecuniary aid rendered us bo far , likewise to tende .- our grateful thcrks to tbe Chartists and Trades of Maiichefcterand district , for their assistance , and the prompt and enthusiastic minner in -which they responded , in their acclaiming thousands , to our last appeal for a demonstration cf public opinion , Vrten thu foundation stene vns ; aid . In an especial manner do we thank Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., for his kind and punctual attention , for his vahui )! tj exertions , friiTch vrere properly appreciated , and for coining to accoHimo ^ ato Vhe connnittfce upwards cf two hundred milts , at his rn * n expense , and , at that tire * , great iriC ' - > n"renience to himself , to make good his promi ; ? , and perform a public i . uty . We be ? likewise that the Rtv . William Hill , Editr-r of the Sorihei-n Star will aeoeDt our thanks for the
long , excellent , atd f lithiul repr-rt -which te gave of the processings c > i tbe pefple on that day . We pay the same compiirsej . t to Mr . Joshua Hubson for his liberal donation of the printed circulars ; and all those frieuds who honoured us with their prrs ; sDC 9 from a liistance—> 2 es £ rs . Cooper , of Leicrs ^ r , Harney , cf ShefHdicl , acl Jon ^ s , of Liverpool , & ¦ :. We desire thus puV . icly to acknowledge the serviees of the excellent mnsisians ; the ladies and youths whoso EU : iierou 8 . y graced the procession -with their pitserxs , and in short , ail who before , then , and since , have taken an active part in connsction with us in so laudable an undertaking . We hope they -will not think ua presumptuous—and asking
for too much by makirsr another call upon them collectively—and by t ? ius telling them that we rely upon their support and presence , if possib-e , at tbe forthcoming demonstration . We fwl assured that we shall receive their patronage in getting it up , and cheering us on in our arduons duties . The committee have passed a reflation authorising the Kcrttiry to forthwith specially Invite the successor of Henry Hunt , Esq ., the man of the people , Feargus O'Connor—hoping that &f : er this has met the eye of that patriot he will make no other engagement for that day , bet ¦ wlH hold himself in readiness , and free ; so that , if pcfsible , as he laid tbe foundation stone , he may ts £ . 3 his proper position when the top stone is
laid-The last procesrien , as allowed by competent judges , ontri 7 s !! ed anything of the kind in Manchester for " nmsbers , order , and grandeur . Snch a oije as the gold of the factions , their press , and exmiocs combined couUI not ccr . xene . Still we flitter ourselves that the dor . ia of tfce imperishable , industrious portion of the community to see ths splendid monumeM—and a whole tia : a c-. ' eirturastaucca which ieider it r . ? cc ; $ S 3 ry to give a ^ -j ;> : r Irrvfa ' ah ' . c * argument of tte unanimity and
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power of the many to the tyranical and monopolising few , will tend to make the coming one even outstrip the latter , and by such testimony of ear unity , numbers , sobriety , and good order , strengthen the agitation for liberty , and hasten the popular ( and never to be stopped by all the powers combined ) movement for the natural and immutable rights of the now excluded and consequently enslaved millions . . Brother Democrats , —To more widely and universally extend public opinion in favour of the principles contained in the People ' B CharteT , to show that we do not wish to take all the credit to ourselves , that we in
Manchester and district do not vrish to monopolise all the glory , bat rather make it a national subject , we humbly but emphatically call upon the Chartists and friends in every large town and district in Great Britain to send a delegate "who shaU be present to represent them at the demonstration ; so that the active , good , and true , from all parts , might witness the honour paid to virtue , and by that means stimulate them to step out of the routine of their former energies for the salvation of themselves and country , —always bearing in mind that tho most prominent feature in the life of a public man is , that he prove faithful till death .
We crAl upon the good men of London , Bath , Birmingham . Lseds , Sheffield , Liverpool , Glasgew , Edinburgh , Sunderland , Newcastle , dec , to send delegates , because by so doing it ¦ will give ait impetus to the agitation for liberty by sending the democratic fire which will be then kindled in every breast through tbe length and breadth of the land , to Inrn up the embers of apathy and indifference now lurking in any patriotic bosom , and plant in their stead a motive and stimulant which must urge them forward resolutely and determinedly jd ths gigantic £ truirj ? le , until their labours are crowned ¦ with success , by arriving at the wishful goal of freedom , namely , mental , religious , and virtuous political regeneration .
To carry out effectually the preceding recommendation , we advise and request thB sub-Secretaries o £ the National Charter Association to lay the suggestions before the members of tbe General Council in their respective localities , for their approval , or stherwiso . If tho former , as early as convenient , discuss tha propriety of electing sober , talented , and judicious staightfarward men as delegates , and forthwith collect funds to give their quota towards tha monument , and bear expences . We also make the same appeal to the county delegate meetings , hoping they , likewise , in their collective capacity , -will give the matter a due consideration ; and if they agree with , our project to exert themselves in its favonr . The Committee held a long and proper discussion as to -whether we have the power , without being considered to have ontstepped the power delegated-to us , by offe ; ing a suggestion to the members of the New ' Executive , which ended in a
resolve—•• That in ordftr to make tho gathering of good men from various parts of the country to be doubly uueful to the movement , and answer two purpoees , we most lespectfully suggest that they , tbe members of the Executive , discuss the propriety of calling a National conference of delegates to be held on the following day , August 17 th , in the Carpenter's Hall . Manchester , when perhaps a friendly understanding could be established , all ill-feeling aud bickering amongst leaders put an eud to , the plan of organization read , discussed , and il necessary , revised , and all jealousy for ever
banished from our ranks . Differences arise frequently through misunderstanding—man -who havo done wrong unintentionally are denounced and looked shy uponwho if remonstrated with could be made acquainted ¦ with their , error and have some chance of reform , and for tbe want of which the cause sometimes loses both their talents and influence . If this desirable end cou d be achieved it would give an opportunity for the delegates when assembled to adopt other meatures which they in their wisdom might deem necessary and prudent for the advancement of the cause . "
To the trades of Manchester we say that wo are right glad once more to have an opportunity of giving them a chance of coming out and identifying themselves with the popular movement for the rights of labour , and by their joining as traces , to set an example to those who have hitherto let rtason slumber , and in consequence have been apathetic . We rejoice to have it to record that the bricklayers , carpenters , painters , mechanics , fustian cutters , smiths , and spinners have already made a move in the right direction , and we hope and trust that others betwixt now and then , ¦ will see it thsir duty ( every other scheme bavins failed ) to go and do likewise .
We wish rmst respectfully to say to the aristocratical portion of the Trades , who have hitherto stood aloof and treated us with indifference , suspicion , or contempt , that hi our opinion , judging rati . oralJy from passing events , that the same circumstances are at work still which have brought down the wages of , end impoverished other trades , and 'will continue , if not checked , and operate alike upon theirs also . Let us seriously impress upon you tho necessity of beho ' . ding the signs of tha times . Remember that the system is like unto a round ball set going from the top of a hill , every tnrn it receives icciensts its velocity . Remember that while Nero was &ddlinx Itnme was
burning . Bead , we bestech yon , the history of the rise and fall of other great nations , ami compare it With your own ; and if you are determined that politics shall not be discussed in your assemblies as trades—if you have not yet begun to study or penetrate into the state cf the country in all its minute aud inward workings —if you still persist in excluding the mott essential ingredient from youc deliberatioLS , de for once take a more general an 4 outward view , and then ask yourse . ves , any of you , whether the black cloud wh'cb ' r . ovir hangs over thousands of your fellow-creatures , who were once in tolerably good circumstances , will not overshn&o w you with its dreary and gloomy despair ?
Do you not know that every scheme -which genius ecu d discover has been scatchud at by capitalists , for the purpose of obviating the necessity for manual labour ? Has not this been done , and is it not now being done , both at home and abroad ? Yc-s , thousands are being thrown out of employment , to wander in despair in the sti-eets , creating poverty and hunger in their domestic circles . Encroachments are daily made upon the rights of labour , and wages ate reduced . In twelve mocShs no fewer than 118 . 000 have been compelled to leave th « -ir country to seek a living in another , not been able to obtain one in their own ; and it must ba evident to every sound thinking mind that in proportion as every industrious labourer leaves this country and joins with its competitors , it must , in the same ratio , impoverish us , and strengthen our rivals .
We are now in an unnatural , artificial , ruinous competition of nation against nation , of master against master , and of artisan against artisan . The word competition means neither more nor less than blood , sorrow , groans , and tears : it means if you do not beat us out of the market—if you do not starve us to death , wo will beat you out of the market—we will starve you to death . Money is bciDg taken out of circulation , which injures shoj kc < pers , dvitroys tho best m .-. tket , namely , home consumption ; cottage property is sinking in va ue , in const que : ice of tenants not Win : ; aMo to pay reats , or are compelled to leave them to live three or four famil ) t 3 in a house . Poor-rates are rising almost evtry -. Tttk . In one town , not more than six miles
from Manchester , there wa ? a discussion in t-ia Court Room , in the year 1836 , as to whether the rate should ba Is . Cd . or Is . It was resolved by tho ratepayers to try the latter , and if found in-uffbieMfc , to mats another grant . It was tntd ; it met the demand . n ; id lsft a surplus . But now , in tha same town iStockport ) the same rate amounts to the extraordinary sum of eL-ht shillings , and nvaii tint is notEufficient to meet the demands . Churches aro beins ; buiit on almost every hill , for a full-beliied and wetf-ciad backed parson , to preach cor . tentruent and submission to an almost empty belly and naked back . The industrious millions who wish employment and food as a riijht . ara insulted and degra iinciy mocked by bogging letters . J 3 jstiJt ; s are-beiiig Luiit » nd fitted with the
system-nuulu victims . The pawnbroktw' shop shelves are actually bending beneath the clothing of tho miserable and starving working c ! a = sp . s . The furniture brokers' warehouses aro crammed with articles of furnitura , 'Which people out of frnployintnt have been driven to sell to obtain money to purchase sonic tVing to eat , arid keep theiu from eitbtr going to a hxstila , to cut to beg , or be iittrallj starved to death . We read of numbers of poor mvn in one part of the country bang ylad to get np a co ^ v which had d : ed of a fs vor , on purpose to eat to stop the cravings of iiunser . We read of another poor man vrho was in the act of boiling a dog to ent . Can an all wise , merciful , omnipotent Creater and Ruler of the universe , the G . tci of nature , of truth , justice , and purity , who has sent abundance
for all , were it net ior misrule and setSabness of men , look down with his irrespective and impartial eye upon such a wicked and atrocious system us this with hia divine approbation ? No ; perish ¦ tbe thought ! it would be direct blasphemy , having revelation aud the imiEutaole and eternal book of nature to gaz-t upon , to suppose HK-h a thing . To carry this black catalogue a little further , we hear complaints -justly made from every quarter . Tbe dissenting religious societies are cripple . 1 , and cannot many of them carry on for want of funds . l > eneflt societits are goiDgtorack ; one of the best lodges amongst tha 0 id Fellows sunk £ 60 in two qu-irters only . The bankrupt list filling more and more every week . The land of the country monopolised by the few . and locked up by class-made law froni the many . We see the Wbigs and Teries only carrying on a faciions Sght ; we have a Government which will not listen to , nor remove the miseries under whieh the
people are groaning ; we are pestered with a corrupt and factious press , whose apparent object is to keep the people divided while those whose interest they are paid to serve , is robbing them daily ; in fact , nothing but ruin and misery stare the industrious * people ih the face , and ? lr . very and wretchedness of every desorirtion will be tho lot of their offspring and posterity . Lot the trades only view this but faintly-drawn picture of the system which is sending crime , poverty , murder , disease , an 3 prostitution , with their conccmitant evils , through the land . ¦ L = t thpm reflect seriously upoa the position in -which ttey st < m < 1—lit them remember that another dark divaiy winter ¦ will coma and increase the stagnation in trade , f . ni that ewplujeis nosy can take almost any advantage , and they will net only respond to cur call and the t ; vl of mihiofjs of thsis-reilow-creatnrcs , but they will come forward in v , tcaio aud spirit oi ivpeiitance for liicir i-ini of orLission . : a not cjiftiaj ; to cur staudard tefore . Tbe Chatter is not the object
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of a party , it gives to all alike , if virtuous . It is a righteous Instrument ; and bad as oar condition is , we believe there are sufficient elements in Great Britain to giye plenty to all , both of food and clothing and shelter . We bate examined all projects put forth by faction to benefit us . and have conscientiously come to the conclusion that the Charter and that alone , will be a lever to lift us out ef oar difflcuHieg . We entreat , mosturgently but respectfully , the Editors of the NorthernStar , British Statesman , Common wealthsman , and Chartist Circular , to assist us by inserting this address in their current publications , as they axe devoted to the interests of the people , and gite us their help in every way which to them shall appear best calculated to forward the object We vtrtuatly appoint and empower them to open boofca for subscriptlons from friends in their district . If Hunt bad been a general , he -Would be honoured with either a marble
or » copper monument We also appoint Mr . George White of Birmingham , to receive money in that town and district _ Mr . G . J . Harney of Sheffield , Messrs . WiL hams and Burns of Sunderland ,,: Mr . Sinclair ' . of Newcastle , Mr . Bartlettof Bath , and Mr . M'Cartnoy , Liverpool . ¦ .. * ¦ ¦ ¦ •;¦ ¦ .. - ¦ . - !¦¦ '¦ : ¦ . ¦ : . - ¦ . - *' v ; v ¦ All monies for the monument to be sent to our treasurer , Mr . T . Schqlefield , Every-street , Manchester ; ¦ ttiafc gentleman having , on the good faith of the resolution passed at the last demonstration , which promised to render him . support , paid part towards the monument . and pledged himself to see that the 6 th « is paid when -finished ; unless , therefore , we receive some assistance from the . thousands' who voted on that occasion , pledging themselves to contribute their mite , he will nave to make a serious sacrifice ^ in addition to what he has done already . Ha has given the ground and all hia labours , and many pounds besides . need ret
We say that this is aa act which but few , moving , as he does , in society , that few parsons , at any rate , would be guilty of towards the Hiiicb calumniatod and persecuted by the fuctions , but revered and esteemed by the working classes , Henry Hunt , Esq . Those fiora the surrounding towns ate Hereby informed , that tho procession will assemble at half-past ten o clock , in the chupel-yard belonging to Mr . Sttolefield , where the monument is erected . A large platform will be provided for the committee , the press , and speakers . The chair will . be taken at eleven o ' clock . When the monument has been viewed , and the speaking over , the procession y ? iil form in : Every-street , and march , accompanied" with bands of music , fligs , and banners , through the streets , a ' -route which . .. wilfb ? laid ont Cavriagt s will be provided for the delegates from a distance . .
A tea-party and ball will be held in the evening . Every anaugement the committee promise to attend to . In conclusion , we intend to do our duty , and . -believe that you , to whom this humble appeal is made , will do yours ; and may you and we work harmoniously together , until every man possesses his rights and liberties , and may the Ruler of tho Creation stamp your and our exertions with the seal of his divine approbation . Until then , We remain .
In th 6 bonds of Friendship and Brotherhood , Your humble Servants . Signed , on behalf of the Monument Committee , William Griffin , Secretary . Every-street , Manchester , June 8 tb , 1842 .
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, CHARTISM , JOHN COMPANY , AND CABOUL . " It is the height ofvirtue in HinUostan or AfFi » hani&tan never to feeep faith with a Feringhee !"— A Woolwich Cadet .- Northern Star , 27 ( fiMu >' ch , 1842 . Tho accounts lately received of our position in Affghanistan are anything but satisfactory , and we rriuat point to our motto for the truth of what we have hitherto asserted . Ghuznee has surrendered , and the Commandant , Colonial Pa mer , with his regiment of Sipahees , 1000 men * laid down their arms , ou condition of being marched in safety to Ciibjul . But the terms were not adhered to ; the natives mre massacred , and the European officers , were kept for ransom . Great encouragement , this for our native troops to . " prosecute this deadlj strife , this vrar of extermination ! Anothei body of our troops under General England suffered a check with some loss at Quytta , en the march to Candahar , to ' receive General Nott , and were obliged to retreat and wait for reinforeementF .
MaTk howniceiy they miuce their ' words-in the various despatches ! and people here at home talk of a ganio at war as a schoolboy or sick girl would talk of a game at chesa . or some old doTvager recount , her triumphs or disasters and fight over the battles of the last night ' s rubber-Sale has again made a paHaut sortie from Jellalabad , and burnt Akbar Kuans' . " . cainp and re-captured four guns . -lost at Caboul , ; but Colonel Demire with a number of brave inen were iillec ' . Wo fear much that ' General Pollock .. ' will , find immense difficulties in hia way in marching to Salu ' s relief ; as the road ( ?_ ) . from the Khyber pass to JellaJabad , within fifteen milea of the latter , is very rough aud stony , " leading over an undulating hilly country , which is
cut by deep ravines , having a descent of 2400 feet before reaching the plain in which Jellelabad stands . " From the Khyber Puss to Jellala'bad the distance would be about seventy or eighty miles , ; consiflting of barren and stony plains , and also through narrow gorges and high hills , and through the L-iiidi Klmni Pass , where there is an elevation of 3400 f . et . Tho Kbyber Pass is a narrow ravine between steep bills , and twelve miles in length ! The elevation at the top is about 3000 feet , and four miles : from tho top , on a conical liill , which rises up in the centre of tho pass , is tho foit of Ali-Musjid . It appears that G- 'neral Pollock with the Bengal division , haB gained possession of tt'e entrance of the pass , and taken the forts commanding , it , but the question now eeem 3 very pertinent , has he fought his
way through the twelvo miles , has ; ho carried the fort of Ali-Mufjk 1 in the centro , and has he got out of the pass ? We fear the difficulties he will have to encounter . will-begreat , aud ; his iosa already has been very con-8 i ' . ie . rable ; and once more , with the aid of the Duke of Wellington , we call imme'liately on Ministers for a coinproniiso , and an lionpurab ' e withdrawaL The Commons Hou ^ e of Parliament has shewu- us many adepts lately in the - . former , and ifc would be a fine opportunity for' Shoy-Hoys * to descant upon and inundate the reading public with Bpeci ' mans of their oratory , liberality , feelings for the oppressed , disinterestedness , and patriotism . The opportunity should not be lost , and their power of eloqatnce , now at such a grievous di count , mi ^ ht find creticiuco evau at a Lord Mayor ' s feast , or : amoug the
saints cf Excttr Hal ! . It is stated that forged orders wtvo brought to Cul . Palmer at Ghuz-nce , by-Rutiilta Kuau . -ffoui Gen , Elphinstoneand Maj : ir Pottinger , and that the people of India have a renittrfeable facility in imitating writing , cents of amis , &c , aud that thoy make a com ruon practice-cf forging such ofefora aid cominunicitirna as £ erv « their purpeses . To . corroborate this wa \ vill rtco ' uut ah-anecdote which wo heard from Sir Charles Metcilfe soino years 11 ^ 0 , himself . When be was resident at I Du hi , the capital of the once-famed Mogul E'lipire , he was one < by ¦ undergoing the operation of shaving , and notice : ! , after a time , that his hiij i&m , or barber , ( commonly . calK'din Bsiyal a Nappy , ) waa rliiijuttinfr about him in an extriordiaury manner , smirking , grinning , and big with some portentous eveiifs , whicii he seamed burning to " relate to-the Barra Sahib . Tho Nappy has invariably a two fold
eaiployr . itnt ; a chrpnicler of daily events , aa well aa tonsor , iu tho former of which he 5 s co . i ; pletely at home ! Presently , ha asked Sir Cliark-s if bo . . . ramo . mbercda cjae which he had ( itcWed a faw tlnys : igo , bstween two Mohamme . ian merchants , respecting u large sum of money , one of whoni claiined the wliole from the other , for which he produced in Court a bond duly executed and attested , : ind legally witoesaeor . Sir CL : ixl ? s raid he-li .-id « 'H forgotten it , as it was a voi-y extraordinary aftair ; but t . ho other merchant also , although he bad formerly dtnicd any knowlertKo whatbVui ' ofsacb . a bond , ni ;\ v cdmiUed his rival ' s claim , feut produced in Court a , receipt in fall for tbe wftele amou-t ! The receipt in full was found ty be perfectly correct ; the several piiriifs withdrew forthwith , and the case terminated , api ; arp : n ] y to the S 2 &isfiictii ><] . of the Court .
But Sir CJwrI . es was yot to be enlightened , and through tho liwdlam of ois "N'ippy . " Those merchants Wure at variance ; each was ( i'btiving to ciriuaiveht the other > and ruin him in his -pyoptrty . and tlie eetiihation of the world . By means , oi a turgyrt bond be thought to efftct this ; and in its . oprratiuri skewed such a complicition of cairUmv ttvl cunning that the world thought him ft perfect ruart > T , ami the other a swindling villain . Tiia poor browfie-iteii wretch in vain declared he f ? y ? ed him nothing—that tlia bond was a forgery : jtiitics dcnii : ; : ie . ; i a spetiiy settlement , and he wjjs ori ' icro'l to p . iy the wbole sum into Gourt tho next dsy f The creditor and debtor made their respective appearances' fit the time
appointed with their truin of fri-jnda and acqu : iintanccs . The bond was produced aud uli v / : « in order , anil payment was inini : diately to take jilaco by order o £ the Court . All seemed to go on sniiiini'ly , and , like Shylocfc , the holder qf . th-i bond deiuauitid nothing hue his due . A change can ; e o'er ths spirit of h's dream , and lo ! to his astonished vision a receipt iti full was produced To dispute it-would have bc ^ n worse than useless ; tbe adversary had foiigbfc him with hia own weapons , and " Non mi ricordp" was the order of tbe day . In the words of the D ^ Ihi Nappy , after acquainting : Sir Charles with the whole of the circumstances and making him laugh at the result , " White man may beat black man in tbe field of battle , but devil biuiseif can't beat black man in justice court !"
Fur . the sake of the hostages , for the sake of Generals Sale and Nott at JeilaTabad and Caadftbar , and ail the brave / . men belongiiig to us ; for the sake of our honour , safety , and moral superiority in India , let us for once show an example tO | the woria , , aud itt civiiizition put a stumbling bJ 9 ek in o : u- uttholy-paths , and ahow that we aro capable in re . sfity of being ~ f > tha-envy , and admira * , ion" of nations at homa a : ' iil abroad . Lat Sir Robert Peel < iwall amply on the D , « ke of Wellington ' s statssn : aa-lii'o avawal , auii let him urdsr forthwith an bonourablo VTithdrawal .
But we must have men o £ another stamp t \ aa Elleaborough to effect this , and no ttine inasit bo loati Shall we mention oua who wirutl bu peuuliarly a ^ aptscl for such a Bvnice ' I-f al . l ' v&i ? Colonel Scudainore Wiadd
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Steel , formerly Quarter Master General of the Madras army , and latterly Secretary to ^ yehunent in tha political department at Madras . We have had tbe happiness of being personally acquainted with him , and we can attest his merits and capabilities . A Wootwica Cadet . Chlcbester , June 9 th , 1842 .
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THE NEW PATENE COMPOSING MACHINE . Hitherto in spite of some abortive experiments , the compositor branch of the printing bus mess has been deemed secure from the operation of machinery in diminishing the demand for manual labour . This security , is now , we suspect , at an end , for we think that no practical printer can examine the new-patent " Conir posing machine . " now at worfe , and exhibiting at 110 ^ Chancery-lane , without being satisfied that it will lead to a greater change in the compositor-department than the stoam-press has done in the branch technically called press-work .
/ Although the public are generally tolerably familiar with tbe art and mystery of putting types together , we would require to begin in some sort ab initio , in order to render a ¦ verbal description inteHigible . Not that the machine itself is complicated . It combines in its construction , beauty , precision , and simplicity . 7 Any compositor may understand its action iu ten minutes , Biay work it after an hour ' s practice , and should be able to do so with facility in a . day . But jet us remind the general reader of what is the business of a compositor .
A compositor ^ in " setting up , * ' as it is called , stands at a frame , supporting his Cases , which contain the typo , tach letter haying its separate box or compartment . Holding the composing-stick iu his left band , he picks up tho types with the thumb and fare-fiuger of the right , conveying them with a rapid motion to the composing-jitick . which is adjusted to the exact breadth of the particular work he is engaged on , be it quarto , octavo , or the coluran-siz-i of a newspaper . Each line must be justiaedi , that is , ;¦' . -extended to tfee full breadth and rendered tight , which ia ' effected by placing more or less space between the woriis , and by dividing words where an entire word cannot-be introduced at the end of a line . When the cbnip-birigstick is full , the mass is ] : f « ed out ( an operation cf some dexterity ) and placed on a galley , the coinpositox re-tilting bin " stick" as before .
The lubour of putting typed toeether doss not require much of absoluta inuscuiar exertion , but ' it requires great activity , considerable dexterity and facility of hanii , with no small portion of endurance . A . clover compositor will put together as many as 2 , 000 types in an hour , but the average is about 1 500 . In thia calculation the spaces which divide the words aro include ;} , for though' of courBe , they do not appear in print , they must be picked up by the compositor as well as the letters . Now , the new . ' ¦ ' composing machins" enables two
individuals , with the subsidiary aid of two or three boys , to put as many types together in an hour as ca : i be done by four clever cduipositors , ani that , too , without a tithe of tho physical power required by- the p ' T-gaeutmode of composition . Htnce , too boys , or two inteiiig , * nt girls , may perform the work cf four men ; and the type by this process is put together in a continuous series , without-the necessity of dividing the copy as it is called—a necessity which frequently causts inconvenience when work is in a hurry , by reason of one man having his portion of copy don * before another .
The * ' composing machine" is a patented invention , by Messrs , Youpg and Dalcambre , who have now triumphed over former obstacles , - and produced a felicitous contrivance . On entering the room yrhttk the machine is at work ( 110 , Chuncory-lane , ) the visitor perceives what 0119 of our contemporaries has termed " something cf the appearance , viewed in front , of the interior of a cottage piano forte . " At the instrument sits a youii ^ lady ; the copy before her , precisely in the at-itude of one about to charm a drawing room . Suppose she . is about to compose the words Northern Star , she / touches the key which communicates with the letter N , and immediately the letter flies down au inclined planu ,
through an open channel cut in a brass plate , and straight way / it will bo found in its pro per place . The other letters foliosvj and the completed words are propelled by a wheel , along a basa slide , towarda the person who justifies —that , is , whose bubineas it ia to divide the continuous streaiii of metal worrt 3 into lines of tho requisite length . For this purpose tbe justifler is provided with a box , divided into compartments , containing spaces of different thicknesses , with hyphens , the marks indicating divided words . But we do not know that we can better describe the instrument than by quoting a portion of the dtscription already given to the public : —
"The macWne itself has something of the appearance , viewed in front , of the interior cf a cottage piano , and has stvenly-two keys , precisely of the shape cf the keys of that instrument . To these keys are attached upright steel ioQS ; " which communicate with the same number of " brass channtsls at the top of . the machine . Thesechannels contain a complete fount of type , each channel having its proper letter . At t&e bank of the machine is an inclined plane , with thirty-six _ cuived channels , all of equal length , into which the letters are ' made to fall , nn ^ l through which they proceed . to , ftsprt of spout , down which tht > y ara gontly forced , by au ingenious eccentric movement , tuwarOs the person who justifles . ' .-. ' . ' . ' . " .,
•• The key , when struck , njovea a smallleyer , whicb , as it were , cuts off a letter from the coluoin ia the brass channel . The lever instantaneoualy reauniea ifci position , and the column of letter , by its own weigjit , as instantimeoutly descends , the . b . vttora . letter baicg resdy fjr the level to let it . out ininieJiateJy it ; is requjTed ; and so on till the whole column o £ that particular letter may be exhausted . The letter , ; f ; il ! ing into the curved channel or the inclined plr . ne at the hack of the machine , descends into the spout before spoken of . This spout is very little wider than the type which fails into it , letter by letter , with its face towards the person playing tho machine . This spout
is curved downwards , from its month for ten or twelvo inches , and , when the machine couini 8 ucts work , is filled with quidrats the wbele length of such curve , as a support for the letters to fall on . The eccentric movement alluded to tguches the letters abova one-third up aa t ' wy fall into the ppout , and g ( utly forces them through the curve , ami . thence aiobg a horzjatal chaisnt ) pf brass towards the justifying box . Here the typo is drawn into what the compositor would call a stick ; and when the proper Bumbpf of lines have been justified , they are taken out and placed in a galley precisely as the composing stick is ( -mi » tied . Any process more simple to effect such a purpose it would seem impossible to nccornpUfch . "
The person playing the machine runst possess ths ordinary intelligence necessary for compos : ny . ; and tho type thus composed ia as liable to be filled with blunders as by the jiresent mode of composition . The player may omit to touch a key—may misspell a word —may omit a sentence ; or , if the copy ¦ ¦ he- ' manuscript , commit some of those mistakes which occasionally irfict " agony-oif . agonies" on the ssuls of sensitive suth ? r . 'i . But the facility With which the niodus operandi may be acquired is evinced by the circumstance that tiie macliina is \ Torked by young women , with the assistance of bcye ,
who are thu 3 occupied : —Tho young women are alternately , for two hours each , employed in playing tlie machine , In justifying , and correcting . Two of the boys are engaged in filling ; the . . seventy-two channels -with their mpt-ctiva . letters , two iu distributing tho type , andthe nttu buy in giving motion to the wheel by wbi . the type is pushed forwards . into and along , the spoat towards the justifying . line . The " worl ? done at present is at -least tqual to that v hich could be accomplished by four able ci ) n » pt ; sitors , at abuut a thiid of . the .-exiwnce , while the machine occupies no more space than a piano .
The maker of the machine is Mr . J . O . Wilson , of 10 , "Fercttval-iitreet , Ciurkmvweii . Its txpei' -ce is about ^ 100 . and the one now in operation waa made in about five weeks . .
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THE GOLD COINAGE . BY THE QUEEN—A PROCLAMATION . Victoria It . —Whereas it ha « been represented unto us that great quantities of tho gold coin of this realm deficient in weight are now in circulation , contrary to tti < 3 tuuur of two Prqc . amation 3 isbiied , one ty his lat « j Royal Hfghuesa George Prince Regent , in the namt ; aud on behhlf of his late Mpjf&ly Kini ; ( luoTge the Third , bearing date the 1 st of July , 1817 , aud the other issued by his late Majesty K ng George tho Fourth , bear j rig date the sixth of February , one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one ; and there being reason to believe that due attention is not paid to the weighing of the said gold coin , and the directions given in tbij Acts of Parliament now in force : with reapact to tht
cutting , ; breaking , cr defacing such pieces . thereof as art found t » be of hsa \« efght tbaa those dec ] a > ed by tho last of the aforesaid Proclamations to be current , and to pa-s and bb received in payment ; we d ' o- by this our Royal Proclamution ^ sclwe and couimar . d that from anq after the d « -ite hereof every gold sovereign of ka » weight than five peunyweights two grains imd a half , and every gold half sovereign of less weight than two penny-weights thirteen grains and one- eighth , be not allowed to be current or pass in any payment whataoever ; and we do hereby strictly require and command all our loving subjects , and particularly all tha efficors , collectors , and receivets of 6 xn jevenuea , strictly to conform to the orders hereby given , and to the
directions and regulations enacted aad . established in the several Acts of Parliament now ia force withrespec : to the cutting , breaking , and dufasiHg wich pieces of the said gold coin as shall be found deficient in weight t and we do hereby further ordain , declare , and commaiiU that the said gold sovereigns and half sovereigns of the weights last above described suali pass and ba received as current and lawful money of the United Kiflgdom of Great Britain aud Irejand , every lush sovereign as cf the value of twevty ¦ shillings , and every auch half sovereign as ot the value cf ten BhiHing 9 , in all payments whatsoever . :., - : „ / . Given at onr Court at Buckin ^ bata Paln . ce ,. this ih ' . nV day of June , in the ye * r pf ou ? JLord one thousand eifeKt bundveu aud fotty-two , ia the fifth , year of
cur rtigc . GOD SAVE THE QUEEN . Oa the aroTo prrclan alkn , the Chronicle obs € rvcs—The operation cf tins Tiivy Coiincila'w will bo attinr ^^
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with j ^ eat injustice to the public , miny of whom never he 3 . rd of the Acts of ParlLirneat or prochmationa on whicli the present order " i ? founded . About onethird , perhaps , of the gold circulation is tnder weight , and yet passing current without 1 st or challenge . A large proportion of light gold has been issued frcrn tha Bank of England , who have refused to issue sovereigns of full weight when th 8 exebanues were unfavourable , and their bullion stores at a low ebb , to prevent farther expottatioh for profit According to coinage weight , 1 , 000 sovereigns should be tqual to 2 libs . ; 4 cz . 18 dwts . 10 grains ; According to the Queen ' s proclamation , they will be allowecl to pass curieEt , if equal to 5 dwts . 24 Rrains , or 21 lbs . 3 cz . 4 dwts . 4 grains ,
making a difference of 1 tz 12 dwts . C jcralns , which , at £ 3 17 b . lCid . pe » i . z ., is equal to £ 8 53 . Gd . ; os 12 a . 61 J . ' per Jit ,, or i ^ rf . per pieca . Many of the sovereigns now cuirerit , and half sovorGians , will be found below the new standard weight , and the holders must , inthatcase , sell th « m to a bullion dciler , or present them for exchinsiei at the Mint The reception which the holc ' or of a light sovereign would receive from the officer of the Mint we can eaaily imagine , but no information or guide to the public on this subject has , as yet ; come under our observation . Eve ? y sovereign rnuat now . be weighed before it 13 taken in payment , and much confusion and delay will prcbabJy arise inconsequence . .
The Gold Coinage . —The measure of the Government , in calling' iu the light coin * ia likely to give more currency , to Back notes , and esper , i : d \ y to > those of the Bank of England , as these when < fsiiinll denominations are far more readily pjssed , and without the incouvenienco of weighing . It is unquestionably the duty of Government to appoint the Dank of Epglatid its receiver-general of light coin , at Hie actual Talus by weight , in order to get the currency in a sou mi stito as soon as possible , A notice has been postad ac the Bank of Eucland , partly meetirg tae o ' jVo ions abova urged ,
hut still beir . g of rdief co the lHrgo holoers rathtr than the smaller arid more '' . defenceless ones , e > :: 1 v . e must reppftt .- as : we havj said abova , that the only inst ! idd of witbilr . iwing the light coin ia b 7 establiahins Governmtnt receiviiuc ofScss and for the very smallest sums . There is in fact , no other security against the re-circulation of light sovereigns for which tho -holders' may only have received the actual valuo in weight . In the Country districts the branches of the B . vnk of Er . gland shoald ba directed to exchange , and at once deface the deficient coin . The novica . is as follows : —' ¦ . - '•• .-
. .- ¦ " Bv . ik of England , Jane 8 1842 . " At th ' .-request of the R ^ ht Honourable the Lords Commissioners . of ber .-. M'ijt 8 t > V Trtssury , and for the reVut < f those who have in th = i ? pcssctslon tho gold coin of tins kingdom below tho lesal current weight , " Notice is herebygivtn , thatfrmn '« nd . sfcerthisrfay , nny quantity of such gold , iri aniounts cf not less than £ 50 , will be taken at th . i publicefh ' se of the Baak of Bn 'Iand at £ 3 17 a . 10 % d . pi . roaoce , from the huur ? of nine o ' clock in the morniag to thi-ee in the afternoon , until further notice . "
Light SoVfiKEiGAS —It is alnsoft impossible ^ to describe the inconvcnicixcs , annojauce , . and confusion created throughout the metropolis by the publication of He ? Majesty ' a proclamation relative to the piesent gold currerscy . Tiiwe have been felt more or !< -s 3 every day since that document was published ; bat on Saturday list they wera at their height . It is h : u-diy necessary to obseive that most of the working classes in London are - paid ' on Saturdays ; too many of them not . till a very lats hour . Upon these classes the rumours which had been in circulation for t '; ie ; two or three days previously hadno practical effect until they eaiae into the markets on Saturday to purchase ' tliei ' r . aectssaries for the coming week . They then foutstl' to their surprise and annoyance that most of the shops refused to takei
any gold whatever , aud ethers vroulvl only thange a sovereign upon a deduction of a shitting '" or" axptnee , whether the coin was hdavy or light . -We aliuoo particularly to tha populous districts of Lambeth , the Loridcn , Bosrough , and Kent roads , ar . d down to Bermondsey . ¦ " ' A report was circa ' ated , and obtained very extensive credence , that the Q ; . u : en had calltd in blithe old sovereigns at 19 s , and that after ne-xs m « nth : they would not be rtcdved for mere , than-15 « . This tended greatly to in-rease the prcs . * ure oa the vorking ciasse ? , and Bovereigna vrero ifca . dily parted with , in Kiany instances , for 18 ? . How far the evil here noticed waa occasioned by the Bome-. vbat ambiBUouB readirig of tha
proclamation it . is nut necessary to inquire , but certain it is , that m . cst txtrava ^ ant notion ' s ¦» ere circulated and belioved as to the actual loss ttmt would accrue on a sovereign which h * ad been rejected as iiglit . This waa vuritd irom sispsneo to live shillii > i ; s , ¦ and will suSU cientiy accoutt for the panic which prevailed genf . rally arnongst . the poorer holders of gold coin . It 53 probable { iowever , that the worst is now past , iraft that before tha next rnarkdt . day the grcat mass of the working classes will have a more correci noticn of what the proclamation is intended to convey ; if not , scime means will pro ^ sHJy be devised for preventing a repetition 0 ! the cresHura of last Saturday .- —27 » 2 < :-s .
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LORD ASHLEX' 5 BILL . ' A nsv ? meMurehas been introduoe ^ to , tha CoiMdona tn : s Weck ^ with 1 every pxospeot : of fcting cai-ripd by acclamation—a bill / to prev « Bit ( ' the * vii& jteceniiy ,. < iiacloszd in tho laines and collierits . Tiiis Is a striking instance cf thQ pracUeal advantagei of : U ? quir >; vaud ¦ ¦ tUtf'Ia . « J Govc-ruuieut , much / as it was twitU-ii with its c / miuiisKuns , i 3 entitled to suaiQfiiiai'e gS approbation fjr . the freedom autl readiness with whicii n inquired into . anything aad everything . Soi ^ e tinio sgw ' tbtre was aa invest : gatioa inso the ehiplovnisat of tue children in -f ictoriss ; and it was ciicov-jred tiir . t hhsnianagetuen . t and mercenary ; fcruta . 'ity hud ' gr . ; cUniiy builfc up a system ¦ whicJi Was r . istovtinj ; o-cl crippling the rising . y ; ri ! sration of our most imporuni di . itrricts . A law was passed to prt vent-the c . oi . tlr . uirica of -tliut eviL It was then nUered that tha cwirtitien of ' cl .
nldren in-other , emplojmeata wa 3 evtn' ' -Toree /; . and the exertions of L » i \ i Ashley procur .-id ths sppciutiEunt of tha Childreu ' d Empiojinerit Connuu-siouei-s . They have examined into the state of / -J'ciiag . p .-rsvns in on a branch of indnetry , miaea' acd colUs ,, ' iea ; and in the CGurSii of their inquiry they have disclosed more than the sufferings of tb / i cJiildron alono , fjrrthey fouad . the case cf the women in many places no . less pHiable . Tha frequent coincidonca of -BveRii iurtivuluul wealth with gfitiona ! distress has been Ttrnaikml ua one of the characteristics of Eaghiid : the Report of tUd Gommisaipners . exposes , in coajunction with the hiirhoat civUlzvtipn in the world , wiiole et-ctioiw of tLe people sunk in i-he lowest Uirfcwsm . In some distriets infaata ' arc coiultmned by their varcuts to perpetual
labour , at a work—to ' cuil it bejon-. l their slreDgth ia Buying nothhig , f-.: v it domiia tbvni to premature E . dole £ C § nce , ( liaeaso , and misery ; is is so conducted that tLe Infant is ca : rU-d almost from the cradle to that mcval , degradationaul physical suflferlug iu which he is to pi .-ris . h ; and it is partormed in places so st ait nnd ' noisome , ami- so r . criiouii , that tia very bsu ?!? in thtm is a . ijitrs-tsuui \ 7 liicu bru ' . ea would ba Bh ' iei'led . F-&ruiii&riiy wl . ii danger a ; id misery , and . setiujiua from meral <«• ctvil-control ; fuitet i : s tha grown « nea feuliiigs cf -fcr-vcily und rccbltesaeos , cf wnicU tho deur . coKsa ehiluren uud women nr-j . tha victims ; arid tho Litier are 'Irivtn from ; -tli * .-ir liomtsvic duties to bedr . iritoJ 6 ra . Uo Icacd .. T ; . e t-liild 01 " t . L « . moht refined civilisation has rolieel in his ' cuiriagcs , ^ t ; rchanc 8 reaiiing . to . x guU « tlio v ; ay-, cf dib ' . aut . iann « undftavagq races , 07 er " those inutky . Jabyrifitin ^ yhtro too Kritith trpslodyUs- cf tha' vir . tt-c \; th c > lituiy lead ft . . '' . ii ' .
frtegraded fry the traits o ; eavaee ' iy ' c : ttj :. i'ietu : . iug- . tha ¦ worst ct all , thij sutjoction oi t " iwvf ' .- ' . v , ; i \ e c-ex . 'l&the condition of a-bcavt of burden , We / l ; n <> w ail that 23 endured by the" Inciar . ^ q- . vtw ; ai-y cV / . Ul c < iu . d ^ tell yt . u' that thu wexnen-of . PoiyncfSJa ptiif ;! n * ; O i ' .: U ; lgery of lifo ; fcut . it . corned uj ' . oii most of us 'With the tffuct cf -painful surp . ise , that n vh : 1 ? c-b . s of the couutrywotuen of Q ; ttn Victoiia uautiso am-. : ; J fat . rrible aud degraded i " a » .-tlrin ' any which s- va ^ a lif e entails upon ifce eix . Ex : st-rce ii ; ic-ii ^ ' ? tii- "' - i ! iine 3 appears to ciiiTt-r fror ;; tbit < . f savai- ^ s cliifflv U , that it ia buric-il fior « i the sun / tu ' , . aii-. V tbi \ t t ! i * J toil i . tver ends . . Utw : s a Sud for the tx . rctso of V : o r-nperabunclant--CGri ? r , rr . ' . e philantlirc-py of " G-w-st B > itiin ! Soiiifcties 'fiir * ths tmaiicipatioh—ay , evtu of B ' acksneed-not EfcSk for .. objacta cf syusp- ; ti . y hi cUaUnt quartuTs . bf the globe : they have them here . , UMSer-. sh . tir v&ry- 'fciiif ; . ' ' - ¦ - ' . - . .... ; ' . ¦ ... . ¦ .:
Tci fcaow these things , and not t . o li ! -i : i a CMnsre at onc « , Wera scaiC 8 > y po ^ sibk ; ard Lnl A'Uiey ' s bill wiil insian-Jy extinguish .-tlis-mest Ll . ^ uis e-5 i ; s It will totally : prohibit the eUipijy i » c- i .-t of it ms ' t s ui the rnincs and coliierks ; . boys iMj . / tJ- lliut ' iii j < : flrs i . f ; iga wiil . t > e < -X'iHvVf . rt ; taa cane :. lU » s ? < .-. i tx . io-. issg avv ' rct > ticeehip-hiothtures , and tbe '" fothiiifi-jiis ; * i . a . ji :- # ' u ; : ft ; . ppr .. 'ntlceship for tha future , wi . 5 ci !> : « : ; viif-n . »; ; i c :. iM of white- slaves ; and . children will no it ^ ukvb \>~ iK « v .: iid ^ vith the duties of engineer!— a . prmt ' ca ¦ wi-tH . produces Bofr . o rf the . moit vholeSciU Uisi :-U-ss » rfrt reckless ncaa of . the present system . To this ms . i&ur . ! little ' objection ; - ' , ia hinttcl . SonieThiny . is suut-si ' tu : the liiiiitatiou of age for boys ; I ; r it is- * up |; psed itos they
canttot-after -twelve y < T . rs of nse coiitr ;; i . i " tlit ^ . t-cuiiar beud -of-the bask ' which / btfics a , ' wi . jt-r—« i : j . * ii nisn , ifc-miijht'ce said , do r . os cripple , so rt ? . 'iil-y . ad ' -iL-fmts ! Tl ; e instant -withdrawal of all feiiip-lt ia . oar ;" clu « s not appear to cause . iny a ppehe-ision ou c ' - - ' -ji .-: nJi ; a : { i : ' .. unds . Cisunting on tbe ' cccuranca . 01 -ihtir ; . t : yit ; r-3 litpt-i dents the men lead a very irrVgular iifo . : i :. u . ruat . i ; 5 ? ti' -sof debauchery witli fiia of iadustr ; •' : A-. i » rr y . « thtm » f the aid ^? hich tlifey tsow &xact froni tbt :: Jstbis ,, end ' . key must divide ainoasi-t tbcaiidws th-t work' whicii will not be altogfethbr sup ' oistced- by ; ii ; ; . ? uvemtnt 3 in the mines ; cad it setma to have been JVjjkI , in practical experiments , that the fauiiliea . are no poorer , and of coaifse iEC-ilculably huppier , whtra the -wonteii arcs excluded from . the iniatii and left to . 'their domestic duties above ground . It is very seldom tnat a measure receives such apj-roval froni ali . Beet ions of Oppcsitiinists and Ministerialists as Lord Ashley ' s b : Ll ^ - Speet < zji > r * L - ' ;¦; "¦ ¦ ¦ >¦ - \ . ¦ . ¦ '¦ ¦ "¦' . ' " : - / . ' . : ¦
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. ¦ " -. Ii'isi ' .- ' -. wEtic ^ . ' in Wjirwioksl ' . uc , a your' ; : tnan nstcaed ; ilillst \ rho . was / engaged aa utidtrk-. c-per ia VVrigbt ' s- Viiid hi . asc . \ fibow , ui ^ S bis dca-h m the f « ii . oyfiBK- -. " 3 hBckii : K niaTiiifer : —It ? , vsiih ' -. 'J . ho- ' head- ' keeper , wpnt ^ riio ^ h $ upnoft 6 blioi : e ? i ) fosr ij ^ t /^ rposo cf cieauiDs ^ ri-epa ^ rujg H » vr-b't-n / tbo ' supeyiur i-avios ooc ^ i ^ . iu ' - !^ Tc ; tbA ; derjftfi -.. a ' 6 hoxMK ^/^^ . " ' --T T ^ laft-slotfc vrith Uig . ui . iaial , ¦ wb . ich Pt'Tasij ' u ^ oa him . ¦ satl laosia-ted . lvini / ia tho . moot trcaJ . fci " ciaEficr . Aitee ; , iiiisttiug . / ia , ^ tcat a ^ W- ' ^ V- - ' ; tlrc . ' -iii- . S'i <^ ay , deaUt igl-jiiinnted-hia sufferui ^ j - ^ AVniij ' crj ' yf ircxiry
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THE NO R THE RN STAR . .. .. ¦ . - : . / . ;¦ . . . ¦} ::. ^ . ;^ .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 18, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1166/page/7/
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