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WATKINS'S LEGACY TO THE CHARTISTS . XXCTTTBS V . On the necessity of union , and of vigilance to pre * serre union . The subject of nnioa naturally fells under three beads —unity of . sentiment , nnity of opinion , and unity of action . I-sball treat of all three in consecutive order and conclude with , the subject of -vi gilance as a corollary to fch&tnnion . I begin -with unity of sentiment , md here fa Blast first Inquire into the nature of B 6 ntuneaS . What is sentiment ? Sentiment , as I tai » it is the sense of the heart—the expression « f our natural fselinss when they aremoved to utterance by sympathy . Unity of sentiment is the most common of all—it is — === WATKINSS LEGACY TO THE OHA-RTTRth
indeed general—it is almost universal . Unity of opinion ismcch less so , and less so still is unity of action . Why is unity of sentiment the most common ? because all human beings are gifted with sensibility more or less , and sentiment springs from sensibility as opinion from sense and action from spirit . As human beings we all experience in a greater or lesser degree , the common feelings of human nature— -we all feel jcy or sorrow , love , hate , pity , and so forth . These are fellowfeelings that make ns all akin to each , otkei , as ShaJupera baaatifaUy expresses
it" One touch of nature makes the -whole world kin . " Did we live in & state of nature -are -stonld rejoice ¦ wita those that do rejoice , and -weep with those that * eep—for then our feelingB would be unadulterated , nneophiaticated—we should be as little children -. —but now , under the present system—under our unsocial competition system there is little friendship—little fellowship to be found betwixt man and man , aye even betwixt tboae whose near relationship whose propinquity of blood should heighten , should increase , should connect , should entwine , should identify the common feelings of man to man , as between brother and brother—parent and child . But . thank God , there is still enough of fellow-feeling V-fi , still enough of nature in our hearts to unite us in sentiment , at least , for which of us , what working man , what tradesman , what gentleman , nay I will go hicher still—I will
ascend the cold regions of aristocracy where icy hearts are embalmed with eternal snow , * ' out of Jhtnmanily ^ s reach . " I will mount the Alpine freights of rank , and ask what Lord is there , what Doke , who , on witnessing a case of inevitable distress or only < za hearing of it , does not for a moment sympathise with the sufferer , and at least express pity , express a wish at least fox his relief ? 1 grant that the more rare , the more appalling the cue , the more like ); it would be to move sympathy , but at any rate this proves that such a feeling exists . For we are men , we are not monsters , not even the Lords spiritual and temporal themselves . I forget ; there is ene , and for the honour of human nature , I trust tiers is but him alone— -the demon Duke ; he can mock suflaring , he can blame the sufferer . " Go to , " aays the hard-heart to the industrious mechanical starving far want , "ye are idle , ye are Wicked ! "
Men generally agree in the expression of their feelings at some notorioas wrong done to an individuul , in the expression of their indignation at the wrong-doer , and of their pity for him to whom the wrong was dene ; and we all rejoice wken right is done , when restitution is made , when . retribution ensues . We hare a common interest In tins ; it is for the sake of ourselves as well -as for the sufferer tbai -we msis common cause with him . Sympathy makes the ease our own in idea , in * tere&t says that if we let it pass with impuuity , it lnsky soon become our own in reality .
Thus we have shown that a unity of sentiment not only exists , but is pretty general , it extends through all classes , it . binds alL There is no mistake in sentiment- Opinions may be false , actions may be wrong ; but sentiment is native , is genuine . like all the finer feelings it is fresher , stronger in youth ; for time wears , weakens the better feelings of oui nature , and thickens , increases the worse . Sentiment itself has its degrees , "it is mightier in the mightiest , " as Shaksptare says of msicy . Sentiment is a kind of weaker passion . "What we feel for another is sympathy ; what
we feel for ourselves is passion ; and passion filing upon itself grows to phretzy . There is Srst emotion , then affection , ^ thea passion . We first feel sympathy ior a sufferer , we then express onr sentiments on the subject ; this brings persecution on us from the oppressor j then we fetl a passionate affection for the cause . Junius has well depicted the progress of ouz feelings on such occasions , when speaking of Wiiies he says , " Hardly serious at first , he is now an enthusiast The coldest bodies -warm with opposition —the hardest sparkle with collision . There is a holy mistaken zeal in politics as well as in religion . By persasdiog others we convince ourselves . The passions are enraged and create a nautral affection ; in the mind which forces us to lore the cause for which we suffer "
We hare seen what sentiment is ; let us see the difference between sentiment and opinion , for in that difference lies the reason why we are less unanimous in opinion than in senjamenfc Sensiment arises from the feelings ; opinion is bora of toe understanding , —and there lies the diSsrence . The heart is an honest thing ; It is wsxm , ii is hot What comes direct from the heart comes regardless of order and of consequences . Oh that we all spoke the language of our hearts—that We always did what our hearts prompt us to do ; but how seldom is this the case : there are certain prudent , or rather selfish considerations that interfere—that interpose . The mind is m * re cad a » d calculating—it checks the thoughts that spring spontaneous Tram the heart—it directs them to tbe mirror of the
an&tr&tanding—it shews them their naJcerfne&s , an asks them what they think of themselves—what others will think of them if they rush oat to view in this condition ; jt bids them adjust themselves so as to appear to the best advantage ; and it too often prevails upon them to suit themselves to the occasion—to consult , to consider not truth , out self-interest only . We often hear it said , " Many men , many minda ; " but we never hear it said ^ many men many hearts , because our hearts are more alike than « ur minds are . We do not differ in sentiment , bat in opinion ; nor should we differ in opinion if we thought not of ourselves alone , but of truth and Justice only . But we t >"" fr of ourselves , of our situations , cf our circumstances ; and we suffer these things to bias our minds , though not hearts ; oar opinions ,
though not our sentiments ; our actions , though not our thoughts . When we are agreed in sentiment , -selfinterest Bteps in , and makes us disagree in opinion : we dissent , we differ , division ensues , and heart is Bet against heart , tongues that spoke in praise vituperate , hands thai were damped in union are lifted up to fight let us bring this to an example . We will say two men meet together on a field of battle after the fight is done—they see a wounded man lying—he is helpless , and in great p » " *—our two men , though they are strangers to escn other , tboufb . they tod never seen each otber before—will , if ttey are Dot state-priests , isfcl a mutual impulse to help the groaning man—to succour him , to save him—this impulse will arise from their union cf SfcEtiment—they consider nothing bat
the necessity of the « asa , the desire which sympathy feels to relieve the siiSkrei—they join their hands , they uuit-i vbeii strength , and bear him off to some place whtre hia wounds will be attended to , where his wants Will be supplied . After having done this ; let us suppose them seated , and tdking over the affair—they discourse fixBt oa the condition of the wcunded man—one things be will r-.-cover , the otter thinks it is impossible —they argae , they d beats , they dispute , they quar . el , and probably rcence one another to as ill 3 condition as the wounded man was in , vrhom they united in sentiment to snecour , but about whose condition they diSkrrd in opinion , till from ¦ words they rose to actions , ard disabled * one another hy blows . Tbat would fce a difirrerce of ObLnion arising from stlf-love , self-conceit ,
till caaoie to conviBCfc fe&ch other xnoraly , they tried to do i : { . bysJcally , and -what conviction can arise from that 1—a conviction of superior skill or strength , but no ; of taperior sense or reason . But , instead of debating on the condition of the wounded Eoldier , we will snppcse onr two men to discourse on the battle in which be felL Here tfeere would be as much room for dlfiercEce of opiiii&u ^ fiom similar grounds , and -with a sar . ilai result ; bnt supposing Uiat they ftdl into convetsaticffl on the cause of the battle—whether the "w-os £ < it < i vLzn had justice on the side in which he fanght Hire a difference of opinion may arise on other trcuiids . Say that he fought for liberty
-a 3 ainst tyranny . Stnument -will at oecs decide that the " cause of liberty is more just than ih « ti of tyraiiny ; they may agree in opinion on tiiat point abstractedly considered ; bat then , aye , "Wllta TTe CCme to tie psrlieulax case in bond , a thousand rxosea may concur to bias our opinions—king and country , binfe , education , pride , prejudice , glory , ambition , interest—all these may operate upon cur minds —may change oui very seutimfcEts . The bias of self makes us swerve from the high road of principle , and » e turn into the bye-path of interest . Self is our Centre ; selfishness our centrifugal force . Could w « fly off , -c-e saght adTance the world , and not leave it as Vefial it Had we the natnral instinct of the dove .
we Efcutdd need but one wheel to show us our position ; and then could dart straight home . But like a hare , ¦* & come back with a drcumbtndibus to the place whence * e started ; or 5 ike dogs , we turn round and lie down Thus live we—thus we die . But Ripposifig that we were united , not merely in sentiment but in opinion ; the next thing iB unity of * ct ion . We must agree upon ooepbtn of action , and we must set ia concert ; el » oui opiniona , our Bentijnents wffl go for nothing ; they will be but as the cackling of thorns under the pot—keeping up a mere nubble bubble of agitation without effect We ^ artists were united in sentiment , and o ur unity cf entunent united us in opinion j but when it « ame to aeSon —» ye , there was the rub—wbea the hour came ,
* H « e wig Use man ? . There wa » differences as to the thns , as te the pla « e , ' ta to the means , as to ' thai method . Yet , here the- greatest di-? ettity would take place , because this 4 s the most important step . Some would be for taking one course , aome another . Now , it would be of no use that we w © re all cf one opinion unless we were all actuated by oi » will—by ose voluntary and simultaneous impulsa H&ny a popular battle has bees lo * t by the free-will , or nthez the self-will of some thwarting , or at least rebating to co-operate with , the will of others . As union - 1 b must essential to our success—as it is tndispeneibly xtecessarj—we aboold , above all things , study to promote naion and to preserve it What Is Hoe readiest way to fcffeetunion ? The minority should bow tothemajosfcr- ^ sfcould abfcia by ite decision—do k it directs
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But the will of the majority is not always just Should it then be obeyed ? Not by thoBe who think it unjust . "&et them endeavour to set it right ; and if they fail of that , let them withdraw until it comes right of itself again . —For though it be said— " the multitude are always in the wrong , " they do not always continue to . No , the people are always just in the end . Never let any one think of setting up a counter or separate Association—that is not the way to right what is wrongthat is the way te rivet what ia wrong—for opposition creates antagonism—and we may spend oar lives—• 'In wretdied interchange of wrong for wrong , - Striving ' midst a contentious world , where none are strong . " B . nv ,,
The battle of parties will then commence and principle will be forgotten—the cause will be lost If there be any factious individuals among us who will not bow to a just decision , for God ' s Bake , for the sake of the cause let them depart—they will weaken us more by remaining with us than by separating from us or even turning against us . Let us say to all auch as King Henry V said to his soldiers before the battle of Agincourt , "He who hath no stomach for this flzht , &c " We wish to demonstrate more clearly , more fully the necessity of union . Opinions can be carried out only by union . What signifies it that we are of this or that
opinion unless we unite to make our opinions known and felt . The opinions of one man or of one Bit of men are deemed singular , are deemed ridiculous however good they may be , if they are entertained by him or them alone—but when proselytes are made .- when converts are gained , when the number of those who entertain these opinions , who advocate them , who are ready to enforce them , are great and increasing , then are they respected , they are feared , they are snbmitted to , they become even fashionable ; for the men of the world are more influenced by example , by interest and by fear , than by truth , justice , and humanity . Success is very successful .
When a eempany of men are engaged in a task that is too hard for one man to accomplish , or for any number of men less than the united whole , as for instance , when men are engaged in driving a pile , they pnll in concert , or else each man or divided set of aen would pull , would exhaust their strength in- vain . Their time ia set by song , -which , sot only directs their efforts but animates them . Soldiers march to music , Bailors hoist to a tone , and Chartists should exert themselves one and all with a will and cheerily , to the tune of liberty—not long measure as if singing a psalm—not slow measure as at a funeral , bnt short measure , double-quick time . We should wait till all are ready , and then begin cur work like men , resolved to make an end .
Again , only by union can we preserve our ranks unbroken—only by union on we break the ranks of the enemy . A rock resists the battery of a whole ocean of wavea and makes them recoil ia scattered foam ; they break themselves in the vain attempt to break it Those who attack us will strive to split ns , to divide us ; for when separated into detatched patUea it .-will be easy to cut us up , to destroy as , but while we stand united , we are impenetrable , invincible . Union is absolutely necessary not merely to break the union of others , but to preserve our own . Without union we are without virtue , -without safety ; but our union must consist not on ] y of a union of sentiment but of opinion and action too . ( To be concluded in our next . )
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TO THE EDITOS OF THE NOBTHBUN STAE . Sib ., —I have the honour of requesting your attention to the following observations . Whenever I have ventured to advance any arguments in favour of universal suffeiage , I nave been mtt by the reply , that the labouring classes are not in a condition to be entrusted with the privilege of voting , and that such a Parliament as they would return would be unfitted to legislate for the country . This may or may not be so . The contrary cannot be proved , bnt by entrusting the people with the power they isay abuse to their ruin . The objection , therefore , naturally deters others from advocating their cause too strenuously . Bat -srita regard to our present Whig and Tory Parliament , are they any more fitted to legislate for the country ? Are ihey worthy to be entrusted exclusively with the power they have ? What would be their loss ? This may be proved ; they are in being .
Now I will call the attention of your readers to their course of proceeding upon a subject in which no party interests , no class interests , and no politics are concerned ; bat only the great and common interests of liberty , of humanity , and of justice . I allude to the dealing of the law , and of the authorities , with persons charged falsely , or not , with being of unsound mind . I will pass over the tyranny , the cruelties , the unheard-of oppression exercised upon persons under this law , the parallel of which can only be found in the histories we have of the Inquisition . These are its consequences : — I -ariU coma to the law itself . It is . no / oricu 51 hat under that law nothing is required for the incarceration of a British subject , not being a pauper , as a person of unsound mind—but , & written assertion or certificate to that effect by his or her nearest relation , or legal guirdian—coupled with the certificate of two medical men ; one of which need not be procured until after the act of confinement : which
certificates merely state that the medical men consider the person wnom they have visittd of nnsoocd mind , and a proper person to be confined . It ia notorious that these certificates need not contain any description of the nature cf the insanity , or of the grounds or reasons upon which the two medical men sign away the liberty and reputation of a fellow BQ % > ject , and thtt tbey need not be shewn to tb « wretched ptrson accused and confined . It i&nolorious that a British subject so confined , may remain three months before he receives any visit from any person entrusted by cur paternal Government to receive their appeals . It is confessed that actually certain asylums are not visited by the magistrate once in the year .
- Such -have been the fruits of anstocratical legislation for centuries . And now , what is going on ? What are the proceedings of the present guardians of our public liberties ; of the representatives of the wealth and of the intelligence of the country ? A law is brought in by Lord Q . Somerset , by which the above > 'OTOBious defects in legislation are leftuntonched , except that an endeavour is being made , that asjlums shall be visited about once in six weeks or two months—a result which is very problematical ; but by which two travelling commissioners are to be appointed to procure information . ' . ' The commissioners bo appointed are to act in communication with the secret tribunal of the Metropolitan Commissioners in London . Bfcfore which tribunal inquiries are entered into upon charges against any individual confined—without any notice being given to him , and without his being allowed to be present in person or by attorney .
This law is passiitj almost silently through the House of Commons . The only persons who have offered any opposition are the much abused supporters of radical reform , Mr . Wakley , Mr . Ha we * , or Mr . Hume . Now , Sir , I would ask , is this a House in which it can iwith any modesty ) be stated , that if the labouring classes were entrusted with the suffrage they would not elect persons fit to legislate for the country ? Do not the above facts speak volumes ? Indeed they do . - 1 have the honour to be , Sir , Tour obedient humble servant , JOHK PiBCEViL . -Kensington , July 19 , 1842 .
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TO THE ZDITOB OF THE SOUTHERN STAR . EOSOVRED Sib , —I perceive in tbia week ' s Star that I am to appear next -week . Now 1 don't know whether in poetry ei in prose , I hope in prose . When I wrote the few words to my Cfeartist . sisters , I considered that as driving in a naiL If that is deemed worthy to appear , I hope this will also , as I consider this to be the clinching of it Tours , very respectfully , CAKOLI . NE ilABlA WILLIAMS . 46 , College-row , Cambium , July 12 , 1342 .
A FEW WORDS TO MY CHARTIST SISTERS ETEKTWHEKE . Ml F&IEKDS , —In my last address , if you remember , I spots of what we ought to do , tut I am afraid . I was not explicit enough . Parmit me now , in a few words , to particnJarizs . 1 then saiu that we ought to famish ourselves with collecting books and boxes . Suffer me to tell those of you who are anxious to help forward our gloriouB cause , but are fearful if you had a box of getting but little , how to proceed . When . I collected for the Wesleyan Missions , I made up my mind that , at all events , I would get a pound in the twelve months . I got it , and one and nineptnee more . I will tell you how , in hopes that many of you will act on the same plan . It was as follows -. —Before I took eut my box , I persevered until I prevailed with more than twenty persons to l 6 t me write down their names as subscribers
of one farthing a week- One person gave ma a penny per wetk , so that before I took ont my box I made ^ pretty sure or the money . Well , I used to call on my subscribers , once a month ; but I would advise you tO call ones a fortnight So yon perceive I had not So much trouble as it might be thought I had . Now I cannot but think the poorest of yon might do much in this way . I should not like any of ub to have no better dependence than casual subscriptions . I am sure if we would but strive for it , we might get several who would cheer fuUy giTe ns their farthings . By all means , then , lek iis have them , remembering that the ocean is made up of drops , and that " many a IitUe makes a mnckle , " of lan at the
as the Scotchman aaye . I told others my p timd . I think nine or ten took out boxes . I never heard exactly what they got , but supposing we only got fifty shillings in all , dontyon think that was worth looking after ? Had I waited until I got penny or halfpenny snbseriben ! , I don't think 1 should have got eight shillings during the year , as I obtained all my farUiinga from the poor , as I well knew all my respectable , friends were collectors , or already subscribed to the cause . As to tbose jovag people that took out boxes , I really dont think they would or eould , bad thejj trusted to respectables , have collect a crowa -piece among the whole of their .
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Now , I hope , my sisters ^ many of you will act upon this plan , or a better if you know a better . Thsreis another thing I would suggest In many places refflea are Tery frequent I believe mnch might be obtained for our cause in this way . I feel certain , my sisters , that many , yea , Tery many of you , will act as weJi a ? talkj and that your hands , even now , in many places , are fashioning articles for the captives , the exiles , the widows , for the white slaves . Now , a raffla you would often find just the thing for you ; for , supposing you _ .
bad several things made « p , -why many might admire them , and say how beuutiful they were , how cheap and all that ; but still might not be able , cheap as they were , to purchase them ; whereas , were they raffled tetj you would stand the chance of getting them off hand quickly , as many would risk a trifle who could not , or would not , purchase them at the full price . Do not you see this , my sisters ? There are a until bar of thoughts that have just occurred to my mind , but I suppose I must leave them until some other time , as I am afraid , if I write too much at a time , you will have none of it . Believe me , my Chartist friends , Yours sincerely , In the cause of freedom , Caboline Mabia Williams .
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SAMUEL HOLBERRY , Return to an Address of the Honourable the Honse of Commons , dated July 6 th , 1842 , for a copy , of all communications that have passed between the Secretary of State for the Home Department and the authorities of York Castle , from the beginning of September , 1841 , to the present time , relative t « the state of health and the death of Samuel Holberry .
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TRADES' HALL , IN LONDON , A festival , ball , and concert was held at Highbury Barn on Wednesday evening week , in aid of the funds of the London Journeymen Trades' Hall . 'Upwards of two hundred sat down to an excellent tea , at tb « conclusion of which Mr . ELT was called to the chair , and commenced the proceedings by stating that it was with heartfelt gratitude that he saw himself surrounded by somany happy faces . Though diffiO"ot in taking upon himself the post of honour , yet that diffidence "Was banished by the app ^ ance of their smiling . countenances , whicti assured him that every allowance would be lioatfe for bim . He need say but little to them of the importance of the undertaking in which they were
engaged ; their presence there that evening assured him they felt the subject to be one of great interest . He was only sorry that there was not ten times as numerous an attendance , if the room would hold them , all equally alive toi the urgency and importance ct the undertaking . ' Was there not a necessity for the erection of a Trades' Hall on social grounds , that the artizins of the Metropolis , aftpr their hows of toil , might enjoy thomselves in a rational manner ; that they might have their club-houses , their museums , their lecture rooms and schools ? for the establishment of ¦ these * was contemplated in the erection of a Trades ' Hall , and inany other equally necessary benefits Would accrue from its establishment . It would- raise their position in the scale of social society ; and never would
the : great body of tho artizans be raised in the estimation of the otber classes , by . wboin they were surrounded and whom they were accustomed to call abuve them , until they raised themselves in their own estimation , until they felt theirtrue position in the great community in which it was their lot to be cast . The success which had attende d the efforts of working men iu times past , gave him great hopes for the future . If he looked fifty ywirs back , ho found the working classes . Were - looked upon as ^ tbe scum of Bociety ; they were called the swinish iiiultitude , the unieaeoting rabble , they were not considered capable of judging on the consequences ef their own actions ; but now they no longer heard lbese terms of reproach and contumely heaped upon
themnew their conduct and their patience under distress ¦ w as held up to the admiration and example of the World , even th& Prime Minister gave them his meed of approbation ¦ for when the question of throwing epen the Museum and public buildings on Snndoya was discussed in the House of Commons ,. Sir Robert affirmed that the injury icflicted on the monuments , works of art . < &C , was not done by the intelligent . mechanics , but by the vulgar rich . Every means should be taken to promote the spread of knowledge among our artisans , and thereby Tatee still higher their position aud iLtUence in society , and one sreat means of accomplishing this was by building a ball , where they could give free vent to their feelingB and opinions . Otber clas es had felt thenecissity of doing this : they saw around them tfia
goldsmiths ' , tbe fishmongers ' , the vintners ' , and other halls '; , and though they were erected for a different purpose to which theirs would be put , yet it still showed the stronger necessity of having a jourhojiaen trades ' hall . If they'looked at the state of the political world , they wonld discover tfaas working Mien were determined no loDcer to bo treated- iis the scum of the earth . In . such critical times , was it not necessary to have a building like the one contemplated ? VWre there not numerous occasiona in which it was neceBSaiy to hold monthly , weekly , aye , and hourly meetings ? There ¦ was a fealing abroad amongst them that the times tiiust be niado better for them than at present ; and such a luilf'ing would accelerate that event To an individual , at first thoueht , £ 15 . 000 seemed so large , that it put
the undertaking beyond the bounds of probability ; but when : they reflected on the number of artisans who aught : to be banded , for this great objict , but whose energies were unfortunately t-xpended on minor objects . But if those only who were banded together in unions could seo the importance of this subject , ' not only conld they have a grand central hall , but a / smaller one in each of the six metropolitan boroughs . Let any of them contemplate for a moment the great pyramids of Egypt , and their firflt fueling would be one of a-we at thei iminensa fabrics . : They would -wonder how such thousands of stones upon B' . ones , aud pillars upon pillars could ever have been raised * and i # hen they reflected upon the purpose for which they were erected , namely , that tbe naine of Sesbstris micbt be banded down to
posterity ; it was enough to make them weep with shame that men should be thus trampled upon , that they should be sueh willing slaves to one man -who had done nought to deserve their respect ot gratitude , ¦ while their own names were left a blank in the page of bistory . They did not wish to build a pyiamid or temple , ornamented with a spear , or the helmet , the musket , or the cannon . They did not wish it to be blazoned with the trophies of Mara or Bellona , but with the appropriate emblems of industry , tho loom and the anvil , the saw and ; the troiwl . He believed : there was yet sufficient energy left to accomplish this object . That tbfe
working 1 men of this generation would leave to posterity a lotting memorial of their regard to j&heir Own welfare , and shew that they bad also looked into the womb of futurity , and provided a means of improvement for the generations who are to come after , fCheers . ) He trusted that on their next festival they should be enabled to announce that their numbers were doubled , and that they should also be enabled to hold two festWaJs in the year , and that after six festivals they should be able on the seventh to declare to the nrtiius arid » hareholders that the ^ great work was completed . Thatsnch might be thecaae was bis fervent and heartfelt wish . ( Cheeis . ) "'< - - : ¦ ' ? ' !/ - ¦ ' : :: 'l 1 ' C :: "" - 'V : ¦ •¦ ¦¦ ¦ - . ¦; ¦ ¦ ¦' : ¦ : '¦ : ,
v-iir . Bails Stated ! t ^ was always ^ rtth feelings of pleasure that Ke met with s « large an " assembly of the female 8 « x , bat that pieasore was heightened by the knowledge that they weie met to impio-je the moral , social , and political welfare cf that , class who la ! d : the foundation of all the grandeur , greatneai , and wealth 9 f the country , and yet- they were treated 88 mere machines by a master class , for whom tftey raised untold riches ; ^ :. « nd / who ^ took every epporttinlty to reduce thalr wages and , deprive them of their political rights ; and this was iu a great measure caused by the working men not biting a HaU in which to assemble and carry on th « agitation . Great comhluatioiie were
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neeessaty to carry on with vigour an effort to rescue themselves from the grasping and grinding propensities of their employers , and of the ( Gtovernnient ; and these could not be carried on without a suitable ^ place of meeting . When the Government proposed , a Bhort period back , to reduce the protection afforded toshoemakers , corkcutters , and other : trades , each endeavoured to raise an opposition : to the plaa—how ineffectual they all well knew—but if they bad been In possession cf a Trades' Hall , ia which they migbt h ^ ve met unitedly at asniaHcosfc , night after night , and declared -theiropinions , how powCTful wonld have been the effect appii their legislative bppressers . He trusted the Trades' of the Metropolis would speedily erect ' a Hall , not built with the money of either Whig . TpTy , or Radical , — . . ; ; .
M . Fs . j but built with tbeir own money ; they could then meet " under their own tine and their own fig tree / none daring to make them afraid . " Let tba working classes get Halls cf their own , tbey would tfara get cheap knowledge , and knowledge was pswer , and would enable them to protect labour and reward indus try . The object they . had met to promote -was one id . which the advocates of democracy and sobriety could mutually combine * At . ¦ present , working , men were ^ compelled to meat- at pubHc-housea , by which they ruined theraseiveff and brou . tbt de * titntlon upon itneir wivfis and families j remove them to a Trades Hall and they would speedily have a library , lectures would be given for their instruction , social festivals could be held asd rational onmsenients
provided for themselves , their wives and faniiliep . He looked around the room and saw many members of the National Charter Association , be trusted the members of that- body would rally : round them on that treat and -important occasion . If the working classes of the metropolis and of the kingdom bad been in possession of their own , the . cause , of democratic liberty tpould bave been in a far more prosptrous conclition than even , at present . No plan of organii » ation was perfect unless it took steps to erect buildings in which to meet arid demand those rights ; - to which as men they were entitled . He had seen some despondency manifested iu regard to the object for which they had met ; he was never apt to despond . Sir . Balls then reciteti ah appropoiatapieca of poetty entUled " Try , try again , ' *
and concluded by expressing his opinion , that if they properly' exerted their energ es , at their next festival , they wonld be able to congratulate tbemmves on the speedy erection of a journexnan ' s Trades Hall- ^ -fobeers . ) Mr . J . BOBI > SO » had great pieamre in addressing them on that interesting occasion . The other fpeakers tad so fully pointed out the advantate 3 of a Trades ' Hall , in -a moral , politicBjl ,: and social point « f view , that he should only make a f&w remnrks upon its ad-, vantages in a scientific point of view . Many ef tbo workinR classes were engaged in employments in which the application of scientiflcimproveme .-. ts would greatly facilitate their labours , ar / d thereby increase their comfortSv This wasv partFcu ^ arJy the case in the employment of dyeing , bleaching , printins , ; and niany other
branches to WhiclT their 'labour wns directed . A knowledge of these subjects hac ? bitberto been cpr . nWd to a few bosoms' chitfly through a want of tneaivs to communicate it to' the many , and not from any desire of preserving to themselves tl ? e benefits aceruine from its possession It Was ' . a principle of hutnan nature , that if the acqiilsition of bnowJe . dge was delightful , the imparting it to others was still more delightful , and many who were in possession of this infoiination were auxiona to spread it amobg the-Vwhole homan familyj rnore especially among the artizans to ¦ whom its knowledge ¦ was bo eBsential .. To his certain knowledge many eminent , professors Were : anxious to ¦ giva to therri _ the result of their investigation . of the appHcation of cbeHiiBtry to thearto ; of cbemistry an < t
botany'to agriculture ; of navigation to those whoEe business , it was to go down to the deep . water ' p ,. » td various other scienHflc suVjects ; the amount of . information on these subjects possessed by the working men themselves was very considerable , and they , also tvere anxious , if suitable halls were erected , to spread it among their brbtber artiziBS ; this would elevate ' thcm . in a moral , poll'ical , and social psint of view , it vrpu'd give to them' information of an higher order tb . an they now possessed ,. an < ienable them to perform opsrations , and entertain projects , faT above the capabijiti's of their fofefatbers ; would greatly improve tlirfr condition , and give thein ^ more lefsnre " than tiey now . possessed . One portion of the ball would be . appropriated for schools for their children , who would thua derive an education
far eugelior to that now possessed by the working classes of the present day , an education so superior that we shoald feel our littkntss anil insisnifica co in an intellectual point of view , as contrasttd with fchenii Political knowledge was to'be regarded as the rnosfc important-. ( Hear . ) Social knowledge was the next important , and it was only by gettipg . possession of general information that they should ever attain . those ends so deeira ble and so necessary for their political freediom '; but erect these future colleges f ( > r the dissemination of iounfl principles among the children of the working classes and they would open a stream from the fount of koqwledpe so mighty , that in its onward course it would remove every vestige of tyranny and superstition . ' ( cheering . ) ; : ; ' :
Mr . Farreb ssid that after an illness of four months , brought . on . he would ' -say Withoutegctjsnv , by his devotion to this subjvet in lecturing and speaking , it gave him great pleasure once mere to be nmong so " goodly a-company of tfao one nex ¦ whoin be most admired , and the other whom be most respected ., As the other speakers bad dwelt more on the . details ! . , lie should speak more on the general suhjact , and trusted that he should not trespass on the fairer portion of the audience , for , so seldprn was the opportunity of tbeir prestnee fnjoyed , that they were , "like , ar ; gel ' s visits , few and far between" —they themselves being ^ tbe angels . Tiiieiasfi speaker ha-dsairtttnrtr-tlioy went Otixiqus iq estapu lor a short period to tfcie puror air of this cardenP , He Believed they had a' higher object in view— -that of . ear
Cape to the -purer atr of a Trades * Hall . This : was a subject ¦ worthy of all their entn > ips , and one in which he must claim the hearty co-operation of the ladies , and then success would be certainr- ( cheersi—in a social point ef 'view , it would be a mighty instrument to trample under-foot the niost baneful :. enemy of the human , race ^ -intemperance ! He had no -wish , unjustly , to censure ; the slave- of intempsrance , but he must ' censure the ( system , which bad been the means of enthralling them , which eitirounded them wun circttmat » nsi !» ¦ wbiCa : dragged them . " "try the public house , and made tbem a demoralised 1 class ^ f hei n gs ^ which made them forget tbeir political r ?^ bt 3 , ai » A totally neglect their moTal character , and tha do »^ , at ; comforts of their children , and their better balv-s . Iu
the metropolis they bad upwards iefr . ooo trsdesmen , many of them banded tbgfcther in union , but they were driven to public bouses for scanty arid Hxar accoiiimodation . Night after ni ^ bt bad he visited their nVeeting hours for the la ^ t threa years , and often , he -was sorry to say , dould . not gain an interview until tho dial painted to the hour of twelvev and the heads , and the vision of the inmates -were nmitled and obscured by clouds of spirit and of smok 9 . Mr . Fiirren tbf-n in eloquent lansfOage dilited on the advantages of a Trades * . Hall , in a soc n ! , ; moral , and domfstic point of view , and referred them to . th ' u ' - . ' stata of Genoa , as i \ n example of the Rreat i ^ flaenco the industrial trades of this encniry niSeht have upon the . Legislature . When ha looked back at tho ibany
obstacles they had to contend with during the p ' . st four years , ho was fatisfleil with the present position of 1 , 300 sbafehoVderB—they bad attained a , prouder P'isH ' . on than had ever yet been achieved . It was a crying shame that their . energies had not beeu bicliail by tho prea * nt the . ecui ) try .- It . had utterly iitglected-. tb > my- -with the exception cf two or three solifciry : ensfa ' They bad . heea befriended : fey tba British Statesman , an ag « nt from which paper was present . They had not been jveglv-ctel by ' the Not them Star—( cons- ' deTabie cheerini ;)^ which v ? aa Etilishihtng as brilliantly as ever oa bis Mr . They had received some support from other minor publications ; but -with regard to the other j- > urual 3 , the -Suit had become dim , the \ Dispatch ^ had forgotten its intelligencetbe Times had bscsme leaden , tho Chronicle b . \ &
, become a grunticle of faction . Alt were looking' to their own interests , but were neglectful « rf theirs . Tfais saould teach them to look only to thsmsalres .. Some years aso ; the leading organ of the paKicans broached the Bubjfct of a Trades * HaU ,: -wishmg to have one erected on a grand and magnificent p ? an . stich a one as he himself hod pictured in his irnagination ; bat asking the advice of a leading M . P . he vras entirely opposed to it , stating that if such a buil ( iin ! j yras * iTected , it would dictate to ^ he Houaa of Commons . They could not be eurprised after this that the auVj ^ ct of a Traces ' Hall was no more mentioned in thrit j juroa ! . Tha p ' an was for ah address [ to : pe sent to tee Qaesa , to grant from Parliament a sum of money for that purpose . He hoped he should never see
the day when a Trades' Ha ' . l was erected wita Government' money , rather would he sea the working men continue for ever to meet in public houses , { fiOUCl cheers ) if ever there was a way to fetter such an . in-Btitutlon -it would ba by allowing the Government possession of the door by supplying the funds , whilst they only held the padlock . They had sufficient funds of their own , if properly united ^ to accomplish tbia object The late strike of tb . 3 masons had cost them tiiatiy tiines thafc sum .: He was proud to acknowledge btinseif a Chivrtist ; but he could asBuro the ; iadies , many of whom looked snsplciotts ' . y on a political < juastion , that this was no party qtieatipn . They bad men of » tt paxtiea Buppoitiiig them . But looking to the agitation for the franchise , which is now only in its eni ^ ryo , he considered it woald be a great assistance to that movement , and would make them more able to defend
it when obtained . It would greatly enhance the comfortB of the females . He was an advocate of occasionally bringing them from their firesitJes . Ho did nob always like to see them making paddings or ^ areing stockings ; ha liked them to participate in all the enjoynventa , political , intellectual , and social , wblckthe other Bet enjoyed . He wished their wives and children to participate In tha adyantasea to be derived ftom a trades' hall . Mr . Farrer then dwelt urgently upon its advantages in a teetotal point of view ; and concluded by 8 tating > that if they were in possession of such an estabHehment they might dictate to the Hohsb of Commons s they would only hssi to demand , aad they Would attain tbeir rightB . HU unfortunata Illness would deprife him for thefiitare in asflistina tbem . fiats by hla pen ; bnt that , and bis heart and best influence should ever be at their service . ( Great cheering . )
Mr . Balls moved , imd Mfc TlioRSE seconded , a Vote of thanks to the Chairman , an J the raeioting separated , to eajoy , the social and domestic pleasures wMcb wereoi » 4 fe » i 6 Ye ! iingabundantly ptsvided ! fQt them . .
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Whitehall , 16 th September , 1841 . Gentlemen , —Secretary Sir James Graham having deemed it expedient to give directions for the removal of Samuel Holberry from Narthallerton Gaol te the York Castle , there to undergo the remaining term of his imprisonment , I am directed to request you to call upon the surgeon of the latter prison to pay constant and particular attention to the prisoner's health , and to report thereon to Sir James Graham from time to time . I am , &c , ( signed ) S . M . Phillipps . Ihe Visiting Magistrates of York Castle . .
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York Castle , 28 September , 1841 . Samuel Holberry , a prisoner , brought to York Castle on the 22 d instant , is suffering from tha effects of a bilious attack . He is weak ; his skin and eyes are still suffused with bile ; his pulee is quick , and his appetite bad . I effered to place bim in the hospital , which he declined , stating , he was very comfortable , and could more easily take exercise where he was . His diet is altered to snit his appetite ; and I have every reason to hope his health will gradually Improve . ( Signed ) George Champney , Surgeon to the York Castle .
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The health of Simuel Holberry , & Chartist prisoner in york Castle , has net been so good as usual during the last two months . Hia appetite is , at present , bad , and the functions of the stomach and liver are disordered , and I have thought it right to place him , for a time , in the hospital . ( Signed ) George Champnet , Surgeon to the York Castle . York Castle , 22 d April , 1842 .
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York Castle , 11 th June , 1842 . Sir , —The Visiting Magistrates desire me to enclose you the certificate of the Burgeon of the York County Gaol , respecting the state of health of Samuel Holberry , a Chartiet prisoner in York Castle . The Visiting magistrates can bear testimony to Holberry ' s good conduct during his confinement in this prison ; and in his present state of health recommend his release from gaol , considering it the only means of affording a hope of his ultimata recovery . I have , &c , ( Signed ) Barnard Haoub , Chairman cf the Visiting Magistrates of York Castle .
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Samuel Holberry , the Chartist prisoner in York Castle , is suffering from severe pain in the left side , the effect of chronic iiflammation ef tho left " lob ? of the liver , extending to to the stemach , and , perhaps , the colon , which , from , his having bad former attacks , I believe to be organic disease . His digestion is very bad , and he is very weak ; and I consider him to be in great danger . I am of opinion that his symptoms have increased , and his health has been impaired , of late , by the length of confinement , and the great anxiety of mind he appears to hvwe suffeitd since hla imprisonment . ( Signed ) George Champ . yey , Surgeon to the York Castle . 7 th June , 1842 .
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Whitehall , 17 June , 1842 . Sir . —I am directed by Secretary Sir James Graham to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 11 th instant , with its enclosed , medical certificate , respecting Samuel Holberry , a prisoner in York Castle , and to acquaint you that , undtr the circumstances therein stated , Sir James Graham has felt warranted in advUing Her Majesty to grant the prisoner a pardon , on condition cf his ent-arine into a recogaizxnee , himself
jn ^ 200 , with two sureties , to be approved ef by the VtHltlng Justices of ¥ <>* Oae % V » , in « & 1 OO cacb , * o « his good behaviour for five years from this date . I am , therefore , to request that 6 uch recognizince , when entered into , may be transmitted to me , and upon receipt thereof , Her Majesty's warrant wili be forwardert . for the prisoner ' s liberation . I am , Ac , ( Bigned ) S . M . Phillipps . Barnard Hague , Esq .
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York Castle , 21 st Jnne , 1842 . Sir , —As the gaoler of this priBon Is unavoidably absent at tbe Insolvent Sessions at Wakefleld , I have to report the death of Samuel Holberry , tbe Chartist , who died this morning rather suddenly . On receipt of your instructions , received last Saturday , I saw Holberry , in the presence of the gaoler , and read to him tbe letter , and gave him a copy of the amount of bail required . I immediately , on Holberry ' a request , sent the schoolmaster to write a letter ts such person or persons as he wished , telling him , at the same time , to desire his bail to bring a note from a magistrate at Sheffield that they were responsible persons , as far as the amount of bail required ( £ 100 ) , and that he should return with them , which wts doDe ; ana I also requested thai they would be here to-day , as I was obliged to leave for London in tbe morning , on particular business ; and I will call at tbe Home Office , if you require further information . The inquest will be held as soon as the coroner can come . I bave , &o ., ( Signed ) Barxard Hague , Chairman of the Visiting Magistrates of York Castle . PS . No reply to Holberry ' a ltUx ; r of Saturday ' s dale has been received . B . H . To the Right Hon . Sir James Graham , Bart .
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York Castle , 2 l 8 t June , 1842 . Samuel Holberry died this morning , at half- paist four , of chronic inflammation of tho livtr , -which : mplkated some of the other abdominal viscera . ( Signed ) William Anderson Deputy Surgeon to York Castle . ——¦—
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NOMINATIONS TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL . MANCHESTER ( PAINTERS ) Mr . John Carlisle , 9 , Cupid ' s alley . Mr . John Slack , LanKworth-street . Mr . William M'Gee , 55 . Silver-street . Mr . John Skene , Back Queen-street . Mr . James Honey man , 17 , Whitvvorth-buil dings . Mr . William G . riffiti ,. Robt-rt-stveet , Bank Top . Mr . Peter Cduieron , 44 , RoytonStreet . Mr . Alien Gra » t , Bvown ' s-yard , Bootlo-strcet . Mr . Thos . Doyle , 9 , Strand-street , sub-Treasurer . Mr . Edward Hall , ; 21 , Hait-street , sub-Secretary
TA . V 1 STQCK . Mr . Charles Amo , tailor , Exetor-street . Mr . Moses Summons , plasterer , St . Matthewstreet . Mr . William Glubb , cordwainer , Barley * Marketstreet . Mr . John Nichols , hatter , Exetor-streei ; . Mr . John Keed , joiner , BanaFell-street . Mi-. Henry Horewell , Sou ., tailor , Barley-Marketstreet . ' '"¦¦ ' ¦ ' ¦' ¦ . ' •' -. '¦ - - "¦ V ' ' ' ¦ '" " " Mr . William Willoaks , Elbow-laiiejRub-Treaaurer Mr . Richard Webb , ditto , Brook-street , sub-Secretary . : : ¦ ¦ • '¦ ¦ ¦ - . ¦ '¦ ' ¦ BRAMLEY . f
Mr , John Asquith ,-weaver . Mr . Stephen Stead , do . Mr . William ' Smith ' , do . Mr . Josiah Mortimer , Back-lane . Mr . James Fawcit , weaver . - Mr . Joseph Stead i do . Mr . James Robinson , do . Mr . Joshua Broadheaa , do . Mr . Joseph Robiuspn , weaver , sub-Treasurer . Mr . John Bpoth ^ weaver , Granhamthorpe , sub Secretary . :
TVSSTAht .. Mr . James Lea , cordwainer . Mr . John Steele , potter . Mr . John Locker , ditto , Mr . Thomas Clowes , cordwainer . Mr . William Howard , butcher . Mr . George Brownsword , potter . Mr . Thomas Huxley , draper . Mr . Thomas Heath , potter . Mr . Joseph Copper , blacksmith . Mr . Elijah Wagg , potter . Mr . JameB JUxon , Bub-Treasurer . Mr . George Morris , eub-Secretary
BEpMSGHOyE . Mr . Edwin Coop er ^ button-inakerj ¦ Worcesterekreet . - ¦""¦ :-' r '' - ' :- -: . ' y ' .: ' ¦¦ ' ¦ ¦'¦ ' v ; : . ' - ' - - , : , . ' -: . : ;¦• ' : . Mr . John Chandler , provision dealeTj Sidemore . Mr . John Pinfield , buttoh-makeri Holy-lane . Mr . Henry Oxford , button-maker , Hanover-street . Mr . Oliver Heeds , ^ button-maker , St . JohnV staeet / -- - " ¦ ¦'• -. w ' - ' . " . •' . ' - - ¦' -, ; : - ^¦ '' - . - 'V '¦ ¦ : . . ; , ¦ ¦ : - ¦ : ¦ ,- : : ; . '' Mr . Edwin Joncs , tailor , Strand . ; , . i Mr . Edwin Jenei * , ehooiE aker , WorceBter-street . Mr . John Pinfiold , sen ., button-maker , Holy-lane , Bub-Treasurer . i - ' : ; :. * '¦ , ' ¦ — ¦ ; . v- - -v- _ -. '; - ¦ . - . ¦^ y : ' - ¦ " ¦ . , ' Mr . Henrj Prosser , Bhoeinaker , Worceater-Btreet , Bub-Siecrotary ;' ¦<¦ ' ' - •• :- '¦ ¦;¦ . ' ¦¦' ; - . •' . - ¦¦ ' .:.. ¦ ¦ ¦¦ r v . ^_ -: ^ ¦' . '¦ ' Mr ; Samuel William Copper , tailor , Wproesterstreet , CorreepondiDg Secretary .
' . - : : ¦" _ ;¦ : ; , . ¦¦ - ¦; ywEtDON , . ' . - : . ¦ " Mr . John Blyton , carpenter , Sianton . v ^ Mr . William Cooper , broker , Weldoo , Bub-Trea-( 3 urer . ; : y . - " > j : ¦ > - ' \ - ' - - " , ; ¦¦' . '¦ ' Oi . ¦• ,- ¦ : : '" .. . Mr . Edward Harrison , cordwainer , Stanioo , sub * Secretary . . " ¦ ' - ¦ , ' , . " ' y ' - . "• • : ' \ ' ¦¦ : '
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LAMBETH CHAIITI 8 T YOUTHS . Mr . Henry l ) ron , dyer , 25 , Oakly-street . . ' ¦ y Mr . Ben j amin Rogers , flahmonger , 1 , China- Walk Mr . Job Rogers , ditto ^ dit to . Mr . Henry JDavy , newsvendor , 20 , Weymouthstreet , New Kent-road , sub-Treasurer . ' MTi William Sprmgmoro , i > amter , 15 , Bakerstreet , y Weymouth-street , New Kent-road , sub-Seb ' retary .. -v :-.: : - ' . . : ¦ - ' ¦ . ' , ; . ¦ ¦¦ ¦' ¦ ¦ . . - ¦ , . ' . - ¦ : ; . "¦ ¦ . ¦ : ¦ : . : '
: ;• ¦' : . ' KADFORD . > Mr . Robert SaundB , lace-manufacturer , Derby place . '' ' ¦ - - '• • , ;¦• . ' . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ; ¦ r ^' i- - : ' ; '¦'¦' . ¦ ¦ " . - . ¦ ' ¦ . ' . ;; . Mr . William Norman , dyer . Bottom-building . Mr . William West , framework-knitter , Farefield street . - [ ' < - . ' : ' ¦; , V' ¦'•¦•¦¦¦ ¦ •¦ '¦¦ ' .. . .. ¦ . .. ; . ; - ,. ;; '¦ - . Mr , John Bell , publican , Alfreton-road , sub Treasurer . .. " :. "¦ / ¦ y ; " .. ¦ \ , ¦'' . - . ¦ ; Mr . William Shepherd , machine-maker , Blooms grove , sub-Secretary .
PONCASTER . Mr . B . Armfield , cordwainer . Mr . E . Robinson , weaver . Mr . H . Spouse , ditto . Mr . J . Henry , gtordener . Mr . John Wallen , hatter . Mr , John Bradley , Common-lane , snb'Treasurer . Mr . John M'Dpual , St . Sepulchre-gate , sub Secretary . .. :. '¦ ' '¦ . . •; ' . - ¦ ' ; ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦ '¦' . '
y B 0 LTON . Mr . Kerii , joiner , Chapel-street . Mr ; Samuel Brbroeley , weaver , Green-street . Mr , James Tyrates , fitter , Howell-croft . Mr . James Pendlcbury , spinber Cross street . Mr . John Gillispey , weaver , Joiner-Equare . Mr . John Sullivan , cordwainer , Great Moon-6 treet ^ . . ' .-: ¦ . ¦ '¦ ' . ¦¦ ¦ - . ¦ ' . ' . . . " .. -y ¦ ¦ . ¦ ' ,:.. ' ¦ Mr . Thomaa Highson , spinner . Cross-street . Mr . George Towers , engineeir , Kay-street , Mr ; WiJliam Porritt , moulder , HdweUotoF ^ sab-Treasurer . ; . ' ¦' ..... . ' ¦ . ¦ ¦ y ¦" >¦ ¦ ¦ :. ' - , - ¦ - ¦ . ¦ y . : . " ' Mri Samuel , Bromley , weaver , Green-street , sub-Secretary . , ¦ -.- v , ¦• ¦ . . •' . ¦ ' . ; " . .,- . ¦; . ¦ - ¦ . '"¦ . ¦' DB . URY HILL , UNION HOTEI ~ Mr , John Blatherwick , framework- knitter , Bellar Gaie . -: - ¦ : -: . y .. y - : y ¦ ¦ : . y "y / y . . ¦ ,. - . :- " ¦'¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ - ¦ . : ¦ . ¦ . Mr . Silvester Tmeman , bobbin-maker , Vat Yard , Narrow : Marsh . ¦'¦¦ - . ¦ ; - ¦ -. : ¦';¦ . ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦'¦ . '¦ :- . ;¦;¦ : '¦
Mr . William Pinder , framework-knitter , New Radtprd . ; Mr . William Swan , cabinet-maker , Druryy Hill Coffee House , sub-Treasurer . Mr . Charles Perkins , cordwainer , Island-street , sub-SeoretaTy .
BANBURT , OXFORDSHIRK . Mr . John Beasley , weaverv Neithrop . Mr . John Boucher , tailor , Market-row . Mr , James Bolton , cordwainer , Back-lane . Mr . John Boxall , baker , North Bar-street ; Mr . William Carpenter , Watch-maker , Bridge-st , Mr . William Heritage , labourer , Neithrop . Mr .. Edward" Hughes , locksmith , Broad-street . Mr . William Prichard ; coal dealer , North Bar-st ; ¦ ' Mri George Watson , junior , cordwainer , North Bar-street . : ' . ' - - ¦ " ¦ ' " - " ¦' ¦ ¦• • ¦' . ¦ ' ¦¦ '¦ ¦¦"'' - : Mr , Alfred White , tailor , Croticn-street . Mr ; John Galsworthy ,-weaver , MOiiumcnt-streefc . Mr . Robt . Cockerill , blacking manufacturer , Parson ' s-strpet , sub-Treasurer . Mr . John Buswell , Crbuflhrsireeij sub-Scretary .
XOUGHTON . James Freeman Mayor , potter * Furnace-road . David Bromley , engineer , Lohgton-road . JamesCottbh , potter , New-st . Jabez Cartwrightj potter . Green-dock . John Humber , blogger , Church-st . William Wilson , pofter . Green-dock . J «) seph Ray , potter , Daisy-bank . Wm . Graiton , minor , Stone-road . George Cartwright , packer , Fenton . John Naylor , tailor , Church-et ., sub Treasurer . Ephraim Baxter , potter ; Trentham-road , sub-Secretaryi WALWOHTH . William Slade , hatter , 5 , Bolgrave-place , Trafalgar- st ., ¦ ; . ' ' ¦ . . . ¦ ¦ . . ¦ '¦ .. ' ¦ ' ¦"¦¦ , ; . ¦ , . — Nodder , shoemaker , North-Et ., East-lane . Charlse Keen , painter , to be sub-Secretary in the room of Mr . Pedley , who resigned .
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May-fly Whim » and caprices . We can afford to laugh at SnmS ^^ b 0 Hl ; W 8 waravtiufied . palavered , and SSm ^ 5 ^ » toW ^ In our own ISrt ^ W P ^^ clatau . were so atncOy just we iSmJ ^ f oola ^ ro 8 glo for anything ^^ short of their ? St—^ no . damned nsin another place asdagger ! h J ^ J ?! ' grands , patriots , and traifcora , hot -if t € 3 n a bnfath' We can smile atthes ^ things , Z ?« JZ r PLY that ^ greafc man Vh « W the pride and vigour oTMa yonlh dealt sucli beayy and staggering blows at the opprewor , should in his declining yearabe ? ppra 2 ed ' ** iUitii 1 ' ****!><* ^ atohb / at the .. .. ' .- :-... . -.- . . . .
An , friends , ten horrible corrodtag years of hunger-5 ° ^ iv stomach taught political experience have drilled tbe people Into reflectionB too profound ever again to be made the instruments of one man ' s ambition that ne alone may fatten on the hatred instilled : against creed and xsouHtry when all alike are suffering from the same felj destroyers of kuuian happiness . irresponBible government , and class-tyranny . * Tis too late in the day to stir up isnch disebrdant passions to play the devil ' s-game against Christianity with a Comedian ' s smirk , is iii-suited to the feelings ef * - « B ° « n « ig ,- people , jaat awoke by the primitive , healthy , and vigorous principles of the Charter , with a arm determination to obtain them as the true and inahenable ri ghts . of manStftrvinff men don'tcare
. ; about the jofces thnt would amuse r drunkard or a gourmaHd , We have too long been amused with the nornd sayings which pleased our ears , stole our jadg . m l ^ . < ^> < K ^ v l *« - t&e . ciicitbo iJ »^ 8 t-te ' b 8 replenished by another year ' s struggle ^ the savings of another year ' s labour , to be exchanged tor another hour s speech on the Corn ExcHaiige , to be fooled by an overgrown Cupid putting his tongue in his cheek for another charge of «• Blarney , " for another year's rint , for some new legerdemain , for another farce for ano . tner season , for some new means to some new ends , to sell again an hoDest , iDJured , ' ami , confiding client , to make another bargain of the generous disposition of ji
grateful people , to tura the pen into a poignurd against their lifaertiss , and to sell a fine inUHect , tbe noblest gift of the immortal Ged at the mart of the British senate , a » id the bidding of the tyrants of manhind . To be the semnt of the Whig-Tories from the top of tneir power through co-ercion downwards to their fall every step of th « ir march , leaving the traces of national debasement , misery , and shame . To be the puff-sbownian of , the eleventh-hour-ofFerings of the Wbigs , to forward the design of a money despotism , ¦ which , under the guise of Free ; Traders , would make » further , and worse than Druid sactifice of the working people to tfce English god of gold .
Indeed , good friends , these -villainous derelictions have wrought too deep an impression on our memory to be effaced by time , or that any fine sayings can gloss over , until we gain the " real free trade "—the free trade in labour . And until the real-property of a nation , the work of the labourers * hands , be protected from the grasp of the more wary , indolent , and niggard classes in society , we sball pursue our course , regardless of the wiles of the mock-patriots , knowing that adversity must make us close brothers—Englishman , Irishman , and Scotchman , standing in the Charter line " ¦ figging the good fight , " side by side , emulating eaioh ; othec as combatants for the attainment pf the same good cause of freedom , the govc-fnnlent of all by all . ¦¦ . ' ¦¦¦ : i - ¦'• ' : ¦¦¦ . ' . ¦¦ :- ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' ; ' - . : '¦' .- , '
These are the widespread principles of the day which will bury far ever the folly and bigotry of national enmity—aud the man who thinks longer to foster such a spirit , thereby to make market , will soph find himself on- the discount side of tie Jist , as toe pointed object of scorn and pity , to an enlightened and insulted people . \ ¦ ¦ -. ; , : ¦ ' . ' And now , dear friends , we bid such of your countrymea as fate forces from the land of her birth an honest wtilcome , hoping jthat daring tkeir toilsome Vdnderings here , many , many be induced to mix with the Chartist
body—knowing well that amongst that party they will meet with that generous treatment which the sufferings and wrongs of Ireland ' s sons command . And that they will carry back to their homes a love and respect for the brightest and beat of the English people , and with that grateful spirit so consonant to the Irish character , will endeavour to turn those maiiiy passions which oppression has created into the proper channel against the oppressor * and no longer . ' permit , them to be directed by base anrt canning knaves against the name , fame , aud Intent of the British Chartist .
We pleasurably and proudly exclaim , that the prc-jadices said to be borne asainat Ireland and Irishmen can nowhero be found to exi » t within the trumpet call of Chartism '! But we are not to be held restonsible for prej udices which may exist against Irishmen , amongst some of the more ignorant , bigotteil , and silly seedlings of a state Church . It could not be expected that an Establishment gorged with puttlic plunder would suddenly relax its hold on the . pablic miad , or that the poor , ignorant labourer , imuiyUately umlet Us eye , vhose thoughts bad been modelled from early-life to hate the
Irishman because of his religion , should not , from the same reason , suppose it right to hate him becoiiso ' of his poor garb and the cheapness of bis labour . But wherever the simple , clear , and well-defined prihciple » of * h * Charter have been efctaVilished , these prrjniilces have retired , aad the aocitty of ytotWng men has been harmonizad , so as to contrast atrongly with past times , when the people , cj >«»< u 8 e < V and confounded wjth the complex ciTeliwg verbiage of the thooristB of the Whig schoo l , ware betrayed into discord and wrangling with tocir neighbours upon matters incomprehensible to the writers themselves as to tbeir silly dupes and disputants , yy . ; . ' . '¦ : ¦ ¦ .- . . ' , ' ¦ ¦ " ¦ ¦ . '¦ ¦ •'¦ ¦ ''¦ . ¦ . ¦; ¦ -. , ' -., ¦ ¦ - . ¦ .-.:.
Happily , howaver , theHO dayo of the delusion , cajolery , and derangement of the public mind , have gone ¦ with , tho WWg » cut , of office ; ond how that a new field of action has been opened to us by the bRz : n faced Tory denial of justice t » tbe : people , the satnu unswerving promptitude of action which defeated the one must now be employed with a triple and more strongly prudent conduct to make our piin * ciples predominant and controlliuig ; over both . It shall be our pleasure and duty to follow your philanthropic advice , ¦ which we think happily adapted to form the ctunplete union of Irish and British energy . - lj - ' ¦ ¦' '¦ . : ¦ ¦ " ¦ , '¦" . '¦ ¦¦• ¦ - ¦¦ ' ¦ ; . .. ¦ ' :
And , proud to meet any of your countrymen , we shall ever strive to remove prejudicea wherever found to existj by the soft and euppte authority of reason , presenting to them the right hand of fellowship , which , although it be but thehorny hand of a working man , shall yet be found to have nerves which can carry a friendly feeling to a patriot ' s heart . Wo remain , Your brothers in bondage , The ChAjitists of Birmingham .
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ADDRESS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION RESIDENT IN BIRMINGHAM , TO THE IRISH UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION . Irishmen , and Brotuebs in the go&d Cause ; —Always animated with , the love and glory of our great principles , wo proudly acknowledge with what an unbounded pleasure your eloquent , la . thful , and devotional address was read by the good Chartists of tbis towD , of which cheeifully we taka advantage , it being pleasiDg to us at all times to interchange the sentiments of freedom with the true patriot of Erin : more especially when we consider the extraordinary advances you have made towards establishing a force of public mind to bieak the links of early artificial
education , and chase that Bpirit of prejudice ¦ which so long hung about us like an incubus , and spell-bound the three countries to the mere adoration of men , initead of regarding with a fervid heart and a watchful eye , the God-commanded principles of the natural rights of mankind . The one , indeed , proud to behold you as Chartist guides leading the frank , free , and fervid Irish people away from the man-traps and pitfalls which intersect all the paths and subtle windings of the Whig auxiliaries , or according to your own more just and hateful designation—the mock patriots of the present day . Buoyant with new hopes , then , for the aehievement of the enoblfo g and adorning principles of the Charter , to lay the foundation of the true and lasting friendship of freed men : we send yon
s hearty and honest cheer for yonr exertions , and bid every Irishman welcome , with sorow , indeed , that he should be forced by a dire necessity to leave bis native isle -where plenty grows , but tyrants grasp all the bountiful gifts , and fetter , as it were , tha munificent band of God . These are the" sad and awfully truthful reflections which will bind the English and Irian suffering hearts together , despite the malice and calumny of the Whig Charlatans , -nho , having bad their day of political deceit , employ Ireland ' s mock patriot as tbe mouthpiece wherefrom to vomit forth the revengeful imprecations of a dying , yet struggling party against those discerning friends of tie people who nave detected and exposed all their abracadabra , theit legerdemain , their Whig Bhufflings , and chicanery .
We can afford to laugh at tbe -vindictive spleen of a moek-p&Wot who seems constantly te be atoaying in some political looking-glass what opposing passions be c&snot express npos the same subject—what ngly faces he can pull at the man who inflexibly enlisted to . tha cause of right , is too stem to fellow ail bis ephemeral
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 30, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1172/page/7/
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