On this page
- Departments (4)
- Adverts (2)
-
Text (19)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, Price Sixpence, bound in Cloth, and may be had of Joshua ortrtem imr
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
THE NORTHERN STAR.
-
Untitled Article
-
3To Meatrerg antr £Fom0$otU>ittt0
-
&ocal atitr <SUueral EnUlli&ince.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Ad
tioBsoy , a umca ; john lleave , l . snoe Laue , Fieei Sireet , London ; Abel Heywood , Maache ? ter ; Paton & . Love , Glasgow ; and all Booksellers , — HYMNS FOB WORSHIP , Without Sectarianism ; adapted to the Present State of the Church : with a Text of Scripture for Each Hymn . No Caarti 3 t Association should be without these Books tor the conducting of their Sunday Meeting ? . They breathe the pure spirit ef genuine , practical Christianity—pnr « Political Truth , without an atom of theological , sectarian dogmatism .
Untitled Ad
Great Attracti >? r . —Mr . O'Connor will lecture on Tuesday evening , at the City of London Political and Scientific Institution , 1 , Turnagaiu-lane , Skinner-street . Subject— " The Land . " On the following evening ( Wednesday ) Mr . O'Connor will lecture on the " Espeal of the Legislative Union with Ireland . "
Untitled Article
TO F . O'CONNOR , ESQ . Mt dear Sib ., —As trw-sura to tbs vtiartisi T > bfence Fund , permit me to present to yoUr nouee two Terf deserving victims , who have traversed frvni tbe special commission at Chester , sod ba ? e ^ k tai tbtnr teals it the late assie ; s without aaj aid from onr body , and are now undergoing tbfir sesterce of twelvemonths * imprisonment in Chester Castte . John Burgess , a man of BBhnpsaeha&ie lDteJjnty , Has - » wife and three small cfaSdrre , and ibe pailsb refuse them any aiu unless snob m a bastile will afford- Hw lather keeps a teer * bop 5 s this town , and is a veneable Rsdica ! of the C ± rt * rii ? nt school ; it has cost him twenty-cne pounds , sad iie has his d&ugbtei-in-ia- * an * tee three children to keep . The otter man's raise is Thomas Bemsford ; he has two motheries 3 childiva ltft in the like state of
destitution . - I think the caae of these two patriots ought not to r 2 lost sisht of , ano therefore tske the libertj of representing it to you , through the medinm of the Star , and our otker Chartist friends -will thns also become acquainted ¦ with it by the same means . I remain , " my dear Sir , Most respectfully , In the loTe of onr common cause ,
E , P . MEAD , Your Old Commodore Congleton , Cheshire , May 11 th , 1 S 43 .
Untitled Article
10 THE MEMBERS OF TEE JJiVTIOXAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION , RESIDING IX
SURREY . I regret that I am obliged t « call your attention ones more , to the ttcesatty of mak ? D ? Borne arrangements wturebj tie asu , nat of money cue to £ = veral i&diTiduals on sccoont cf the late demonstration , an j also of tbe l&tetsa party held at the : dbntpelier Tavern . 1 have eadeiTonred to accomnlish this for a long time pv > t , I ftgTO spent much tiEie , and yet am blamed by many . I trust this will b 3 a sufficient hint to those -whom it aiay concern , ar . d that tbey -will pay the amount "which tLej owe , or I shal- fce complied to send tbe list of the individuals far publication in the Star .
Th ? money to be psii at my residence , 3 , Pagoda Terrace . Benuondsey , New-road j 01 at Win . Browne ' s East-lant , WalworJa . Yours to serve , Johx Matjsars . No . 3 , Pagoda Terrace , Bermondsty , NewRoad .
Untitled Article
ATROCIOUS AND ALARMING OUTRAGE . Manchester , Wednesday . —About eleven o ' clock last nigtst an outrage of a mosi alarming character -was perpetrated in the immediate neighbourhood of this yjvm , by a party of betwten 300 and 400 per-^ on-, chufly briek-ia&kers , armed with biunder-• fcasseS guns , pistols , bludgeon * , - and almost every ¦ description of weapon , wno ; n a most savage manser forcibly enured the brick-croft of Messrs . Pauling &ad Henfry . with the evident intention of ¦ destroying tiie property , and either murdering or maiming every one who might oppose their violence . Same difpctes * which arose betwrxt lir . Pauling and his workmen , some months sgo , led to a turn-out of the brick-makers . Their places were of course sapplied by other men , and ever since a systrm of annoyance and intimidation , accompanied with occasional acts of violence , has been practised towards
the new hands . The brick-croft , which has been the scene of this outrage , is sitcaie on the right-hand side of the Eeeles-neiv-road , about 200 yards beyond the Crosslane toll-bar . It runs for about a quarter of a mile along the side of the road , and is perhaps 100 yards in breadth . Near the centre of the ground is a cottage , which was occupied by Mr . Ka 3 ph Fletcher , the manager and overlooker ; also a stable , and another Email building called the office . " Close to the house are two large kilns of . bricks containing about one hundred thousand , which they bad just commenced burning . A tkird kiln , at a little distance , contained about 51 > , 0 l > 0 more . On the night in question there were eleven
men on the premises , along with Mr . Fletcher , who had been led to apprehend that an attack on them would be nude . Two of thesj were private ¦ watchmen , one , Isaac Lomas , late of the Manchester police , the other a soldier caaied Peers , who had been discharged from the 35 : h regiment ; the remainder were workmen employed on the ground ; and about ten o ' clock this small force was augmented by Butierworth , one of the Saiford beadle ? , beir ; g sent up , n a representation from Mr . Fietcher tcr iir . Dingles , the deputy-constable , that danger was apprehended . Thus the whole force for the defence of the property consisted only of thirteen men , tw ^ ve of ¦ whom were armed , they having among thfr « B four blunderbusses , five guns , and three brace of pisiois .
It was about ten Biinutes afttr eleven when the attack was made . The parties on the ground were first alarmed by hearing two gaos fired a * , the top of the croft , the end nearest Manchester . Reports were heard at intervals for ten rninetes after , when between 300 and 400 men , all armed , f > iriou ? ly lushed upon the ground , and overspread it ia ail directions , trampling do ^^ n the bricks that ware lying in a soft state upon tb- _ - ground , eni destroying eTerything that ibey cc-sid lay their bane ' s on . Seeing the m * n who belonged to tbe ground drawn np near the honse , the mob fired upon th : m—; fce men returned their fire ; upwards of ten T&Ueyg were fired on each side , and the affray lasted' fifteen minutes . The mob separated -them-fives ic : o
two divisions , one of whieh stood aloof firing at the men , aa above described , while the other division forced their wsy into Fletcher ' s house . They broke open the door with a large pickaxe , which they had bronght with them for ibe purpose . Having thus obtained an entrance , the : house was in a moment filled with ih- mob , all of whom were armed with guns and pi ^ tois . The ; only persons in the house were Mrs . Fitteiier , and a ; poor Irish woman , who ^ ad been sheltered , ont of i charity , for the last three days . Mrs . Fletcher was on a chair near the bottom of tbe siairs , ^ nd sereral guns and pistols were immediately presented to her ; she would undoubtedly have been shot , but one af then called on-. — * D—n you . !
don ' t kill a woman . " She was , however , thrown down , her head dashed against the flags , and afterwards dragged out of the house by her hair . One of the ruffians ran up stairs to look for Fletcher , and cams down exclaiming •* the b y b——r is not here ; he ' s given us the sbp . " Mrf . Fxeicher was able to identify t » s man ss Michael Bag ^ y , commonly called •* Big Mick , " am he was afterwards apprehended on her information . The poor Irishwoman being observed looking at one of the ruffians was also knocked do ^ ra and ill-treated . Tney then smashed tbe furniture to pieces , threw the bread into the brick-erofr , threw a small table upon the fire , and afterwards broke into the tfiice a ^ jlining , which th r y attempted to set on fire ; : hsj also carried off some portions of the funwtare .
Ail tnis was going on while the thirtt-eu racn were engaged outside with the other ponion of ibe mob , who spread themselves over tee ground ard attempted to surround Mr . Fletcher ' s p = rty , but wi-. h-< mt effect . They were kept off by the couimnal firing ; indeed , the place was kept in a ' perfect blsz ^ li-r upwards of ten minutes . The soldier , one ot the pri-Tate watchmen , was knocked oown and wa- ^ isabled ; and another of tbe party fell into a nutter , asd his £ un getting wet he could render no further service . A portion of the mob attempted to pull down the newJy-raised kilns , but the firing was too hot for tbenC ana they were driven off , without tfoir g much ¦ damage there . The whole of the mob at kiuth rctreaied , those in the house as well ; end n was
forrnnaie they did so , for Mr . Fletcher ' s little party had expended their last shot in their galiaut cefenw of the property , and most have been left almost at the mercy or" tne mob . Probably their ammunition was also expended , and hence their precipitate re treat , which was effected at the coccir . a . ^ d of " one who appeared to ecs as their leader . Tnty qahted the eroft by the lower end , and took the road towards Eccies , ukicg their " killed and ¦ woundtd , " if any , alwjg wiii them ; bnt owing to ibe random firing of tks men on both sides , less injury was done than tt-ght hire been expected from the number of vhots . Of the dtfenders of tbe property , only : v-o wtre gerioualy wounded , Loma ? , the waichman , and the soldier , aad the latter only with the bu : ei . d of a
As soon as the mob were faily out of tbe ground , and Mr . Fletcher had ascertained the little hgury which his party had suffered , he and Butterworh , the Saiford police ofiber , set out in pursuit of tbe mob . After prooeeding a little way on the Ecclesroad , they had halted opporlte to Traff rd park-Tiew ; and Fletcher and Butterwortb , hav . n ^ i got behind tke hedge , overheard them in tne act oi counting thanselTes , or calling over the roll , from wiich it appeared they were in six CiTiaons , wiih leaders to each ; an 4 . 1 eemed the / were a great many missing . They then retreated towards Ewles . At Eecles , whien l ' ^ a £ ffi 1 ^ ? ^ off > the «> UQty eonstabnlarynad beatf the firing , aud two of them were towards
-coming the spot ; but b-icg warned that a ^ rea * nnmber of men were cojoirg along the road well armed , they eoncealed themselves until th « sob hadpa » d , aud then followed th * m . When they got to the Use which tarns off to Seedley , the mes Eeparated , the greater portion xakicg the road Out tnree were traced to Eecles aad there apprehefided . They were not armed , bu t one oi them had his boats f nil of blood , and was found to have reeeired m wound aboTe his knee ^ and the boots of another , who was not wounded , -corresponded wish impresaoas left in the cl » y in the brici ^ nusd . Information was speedily conveyed to : } ..:- S-Iford police-office . A party of officers was r , -.: . - ¦ me rp-at , and by { heir exertions two more p : i -ii _ rs were secured .
Tais morning seTen prisoners were bru . ~ in b ? fore Ihe ma ^ iriratts at * he Isew Bailey , charged with having taken pirt in vhe attack , but vrere all r- _ - matidsd . Tiie police are on the look cat for e ! Le « of ir ° turnout * , many of whom , iJ is 5 c ? pc ? : > : , wrt w- ^ amied , and wJl be traced without r- ' . ch - 'iffculty .
Untitled Article
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Mb . Editor , —In your last week's publication , I find my name wes iusertci by Mr . Ruff-y Ridley , as a defaulter for three dinner tickets te the late Demonstration Committee , Mr . Ridley charges me with fourteen ticket * I never received but twelve , for which number I settled with him , excepting one ticket which was had by Mr . Tbomssson , Iat 3 Delegate to the Convention , and which Mr . Ridley eng ?; ed to receive the money forand ^ ai » : d upon his for that purpose . Mr Ri-4 ] ey his also inserted a balance sheet In last week ' s Star , of tbe money rcrsived on behalf of the Co :-gpirators , in which I am made a at litor for Is . 3 d ., when the sum I piid him was 8 s . 3 d . Trusting that in fairntrs you will insert the above . I remain , yours , Samuel Ford .
This Day Is Published, Price Sixpence, Bound In Cloth, And May Be Had Of Joshua Ortrtem Imr
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , Price Sixpence , bound in Cloth , and may be had of Joshua ortrtem imr
Untitled Article
SATURDAY , WAY 20 , 1843 . REPEAL OF THE UMON . The Uuien , indeed ! What a fascinating title ! and by what endearing and mutual courtesies it has been preserved . The blood-stained bridegroom wooed the trembling bride with eword in one hand and faggot in the other , and while both were dyed with the blood of her children dragged her amid bristling bayonets to the altar ; and calls the rape an union ! Union indeed ! ! Union of what f Of hearts . O ! no : of thought 1 no ; of interest !
no ; of religion ! no ; of love ! O I no ; but Union of all the elements of hate , of prejudice and revenge upon the one side , and of bitter suffering woe and sorrow upon the other ! And can it still preserve its name , while those who fatten upon the compact , threaten to maintain it holy , pure , and entire , by the force of arm 3 and martial law , should the ; bride press for a divorce ? The Irish have learned many useful lessons from their Saxon task-masters . They hare received some measure of promised improvement ,
not as a part of the contract , but aa a growling dog receives a bone from the hand of an affrighted child . Measures granted from fear , conceded to sturdy demand . The Irish feel , firstly , that the measures = 0 conceded are involuntary gifts , and , secondly that without a national representation the nation could not receive any benefits from them . What a reluctant Parliament surrendered to fear , a factious aristocracy rendered useless . Howerer . that portion
of society which is now in spite of mother-Chnrch and Dissent-Church , beginning to educate itself , to tbiuk for itself , to speak for itself , and to act for itself , is also beginning to ask the simple and pertinent question on jits own behalf . " Where is our share of this Vnion ? " Yep , the industrious portion of Irish and of EngHah society with a marvellous coincidence of thought , ask these questions 1 " Are our rights better preserved ! " " Are our liberties more secure 1 " " Are our estates raised in value !"
" Is our capital better protected ? M Are ot / r , morals improved ? '' u Is our religion strengthened ^" " Are our children eligible to all those places , pensions , and offices , to uphold which this Uuion mu 3 t be preserved by Ph \ si « al Foece ? Can the shade of an affirmative be given to any of these questions ! On the contrary , is it not obvious to the friends of peace and of real union , that Ireland was conquered by fraud and treachery and ne ^ er by arms , and that the blood-suiaed standard of the State Church , has ever been the rallyiDg-point of the invader ? , and , the " iJhurch is in danger" the war-cry of the Irish staff !
From the time of the second Harry to the inauspicious moment when the bloody tyrant Cromwell set hia foot on Irish ground , the plunder of the natives , to inrich the foreign invader , was the " cai , tis belli , " and from the moment that the English people ( that is a few livery men of London , a handfull of Lords Spiritual and Temporal ) made a present of Ireland , together with their own country , to the Dutchman , the enrichment of the Protestant
Church , at the expence of the Irish natien has been the sole object of the English Oligarchy . For more than a century and a half , the leech , in its new character has sucked the very vitals , the heart and marrow , from Irishmen , until at length , vainly hoping that exhaustion had brought about despondency , weakness , and despair , the monster would now fall upon its withering victim and crush it for ever .
We heed but little what Btate politicians and their pre ^ s may say or threaten . How they may promise the subjugation of Ireland by the powers placed at their disposal , or invent new means of . torture should these fail , but when we find the Irish Church organ , the Slaniard , hallooing Irishmen of the North upon their disarmed countrymen of the South ; when we find that print recommending the Church ! -taff to compel Sir Robert Peel to set the men of the North at the rebels , then we say that Ireland ' s greatest enemy , the English Law-Church ( which
means , simply , the parson-staff ) , has taken its proper position at the bead of its treops , shouting aloud the Church-union cry of " tr « r to the Knife I" Tbe offensive position taken by the Lords , the Commons , and almost the whole press , would lead the Irish to the belief , that in these threats the English voice was heard , and the English mind pourtrayed ; but it is not so ; the English people will not allow the fomenters of popular discord to turn the sober mind of England from the consideration of a great national question
to any recollection of individual delinquencies . No ; never had the English people a more glorious opportunity of proving to the world that in a national struggle they can lose sight of all smaller consider ations . We will not mince the matter ; we say that if Mr . O'Co 5 nell evince earnestness of purpose now , the recollection of hiB former vacillations will be buried in the glorious straggle and still more
glorious triumph of a people in their moral might . We say in tceir moral might , because we well know , with the history of former rftbellions before us , that all Ireland would be mortgaged to insure the ready appliances of subjugation ; while , if the Irish people , with their patriotic Priesthood , will but use the moral means at their disposal , they may baulk faction of its prey , gain a triumph for their country , aid leave upon record theimpcr . ? l « M .- lessen , " That to be fret z i , cti , s n . eu v ; w , ; l 11 , "
Untitled Article
and to be powerful a people need but be united and peaceful . Opinion is sharper than the sword , more powerful than the cannon ball , and a more deadly enemy to tyranny than both . We shall cautiously abstain from mixing up the question of the Charter with that of Repeal , while we would , at the same time , most earnestly implore tho working classes to bold the shield of their protection , which is might , between their straggling Irish brethren and the tyranny with which they are threatened . For however the Dtjkb and Sir Robert may pledge themselves to
no more than the use of all tbe constitutional powers of oppression at their command , yet will the Roden's , the Jocklyn ' s , and the Londonderry's ( which is the new title of the Castlereagh's ) as the champions of Orangeism and the church force them if possible into a war of extermination . The Irish love their homes , their families and their hearths ; they approach death with the cheering reflection that their bones will be laid alongside the remains of those who ia life were near and dear to them ; to insure these things they seek to relieve themselves from a state of provincial degradation and to place themselves in a position of national
independence ; and for these just , these holy , these virtuous and patriotic aspirations , shall the blood of another , race of Irishmen manure the soil of the spoiler , while it irrigates the fair fields of freedom to mature a harvest of "dragon ' s teeth" for future years . Do those who have carved up the interests of the weak as spoil for the strong stand in need of another partition of " the oft divided" Ireland And is young England now powerful in her moral strength to receive a stab through the side of her sister ? for be assured that every new bolt placed in the chains of Irish slavery rivets the manacles of Englishmen and makes them harder to shake off .
Untitled Article
TO THE RESCUE . An earnest of the "tender morcies" in reserve for w the 59 " has been given in the persons of Cooper and tbe venerable old man Richards . It had been hoped that they would be permitted to wear out the long period of incarceration assigned them in the Queen's Beach , where in some degree the rigours of imprisonment would have been modified from the immediate surveillance of Government , as compared
with those provincial hell-holes over which the reigning spirits are the sympathising local " lords of the ascendant" in the ** middle classes . " Momorials to that effect were presented to Government , but vainly ; they were removed on Saturday without a a moment's notice , at fire o ' clock in the morning , from the Queen ' s Bench prison to that infernal den , Stafford GaoJ , there to experience the fate of Clayton and Holbehht , unless rescued by the determined expression of the people's honest
indigDation . A letter from an excellent Chartist at Stafford informs ua that they are subjected to the gaol diet , " which consists of coarse mixed meal bread with thin skilly , and some few potatoes , half of which are rotten . No animal food—no * oup—nor anything else . " Cooper has memorialised the visiting Magistrates for permission to provide bis own food , and to have books and writing materials . He is denied all . Shut out entirely from all communication with tbe world , he is not allowed to correspond with any one , —not even with his dying wife—for six months to come .
Cooper ' s constitution was undermined in early yonth by severe study—two year's treatment like that to which he has been consigned , will murder him . Richards is an old man . His silver hair mid querulous tones of voice and faltering footsteps shew that , under any circumstances , his home must shortly be " the one appointed . " And these are the men on whom the hand of savage vengeance is laid thus heavily ! Capper is also subjected to like treatment . What can be done ! They must rorish if the people do not stir . Will the people let them perish without effort ? or will they raise , from one end of the
empire to another—from city , town , village , household , chapel , cbnrch , and workshop , 6 uch a shout of indignation & 3 ehall make eyen vengeance pause in its career ? Remember , no time is to be lost . About it , then , at once ! We learn that on Monday next , at 12 o ' clock , in Leicester Market Place , a Petition will be submitted to the public of that town . Let every city , town , village and hamlet , and individual in the empire , follow the example , land pour in their petitions to T . S . Du . vcojub , Esq ., M . P ., 6 , Albany Court , Piccadilly , Lendon , by whom tjjey will be presented to the House of Commons . u
There must be no trifling nor dallying in tbe matter . Every day is a day's bitter misery to them . The animus of Government is manifest . The time approaches nearly when the fate of others will be decided by the s ^ me arbiters . Muoh , therefore , in many ways depends on prompt exertion . Let the effort be made now and at once . We have made reference to the animus of Government . If it needed further confirmation than from these horrid facts , we have it in a letter which now lies before us , from one of the poor fellows who gave evidence against " the 59 , " at Lancaster , and who affirms that because he chose not to load his conscience with a lie , the paltry meanness has been resorted to of refusing to pay him the poor value of his time occupied in * ' public service . ' He says : —
" I was the second witness called upon against Feargus O'Connor , and fifty-nine other prisoners . I spoke tbe truth to tbt- best of my knowledge , and would not take bribe . I was called by Gregory Lewin a d—d scamp , and be told me if I wanted my wages , I might go to Feargus O'Connor for them , and if I di 4 not return home , he would have me placed among tbe rest of tbe prisoners , as he bad better given me £ 100 to have remained at home , for a d—d scoundrel aa 1 was . "
Coupling this testimony with the facts of poor Cooper and his mates , there can be no mistaking the purposes of Government ; and the simple question is , whether the people will let their friends be murdered and their cause trampled ou beforo their eyes without moving . j- -nj-unj- -jyr , , ^^^^ - ^ - ^ _^ .
THE LAND QUESTION . Ws have been surprised to receive two or three communications from which it would appear that some Chartists look upon Mr . O'Con nor's proposition for the appropriation of the land to its legitimate purpose of supporting the people in comfort , as calculated to lead away the people from the struggle after political right , to a mere consideration of their social position . We are amazed to think how such an idea can have entered any body ' s head . If we have not greatly misunderstood Mr . O'Connor , nothing could have
been further from his head at any rate . There is no possibility of severing the political and social condition of the people . They are cause and effect . The one produces the other as naturally and necessarily as fire produces heat . Who thinks that the Charter would be valuable to the people , if its achievement rested in itself ; or if it did operate as a cause to produce social amelioration and individual benefit as its effect ! Can Mr . O'Connor , or can the People be better occupied than in the investigation of tfee mode through which the
cause may best operate to produce the effect proposed \ For ourselves , if we conceived the purpose or tbe tendency of the land scheme to be in the least degree detrimental to the progress of the Charter movement , it should instantly have our most determined opposition . We do not so regard it . On the contrary , we it thiak if duly understood and acted on , calcinated to be the most powerful collateral aid to the enfranchisement of the whole people that has yet occupied the people ' s mind . We shall recur to this subject again and again .
Untitled Article
TO THiS PEOPLE . My Dear Frif . Wj 8 j—i have now lying before me a shoal of letters from all parts of England and Ssotland ; fiUdd with the most kindly expressions Of good feeling and regard , aud requesting me to preach here , to lecture there , to attend soirees yonder , and to go all over . And all press their claims for early Yssit&tion . To reply to all by post would occupy much of that time for which your ssrvios finds me quite sufficient of employment . Same fow , where circumstances required special answer or explanations I have answered thus ; the rest must consider this as a general reply in which all are alike interested .
Firstly , then ; I cau take no tour till after the argument in the Queen ' s Bench . That is quite clear . My tour for health , recreation , and agitation may be cut short in its commencement , and I may find myself alongside Cooper , Richards , and Capper , in a stone coffin , studying sermons on Chartism and Class legislation , with " f-killy" and " rotten potatoes'' for my texts . Uutil after " My Lords the
Queen ' s Justices shall have signified their pleasure as to my being allowed to uae my powers of locomotion , I can go cowhither save to Bury , and Bolton » and Rochdale , to all of which places I have been long pledged , and where ( D . V . ) I shall preach on Sunday 21 st , at Bury , on Monday 22 nd , at Bolton , and Tuesday 23 rd , at Rochdale . I must then " wait for further orders "—or at all events for permission to make further arrangements .
Secondly , I go no where , where I am not wanted ; I take no individual invitations ; I go nowhere but at the request of the people themselves ; I never obtrude myself . Thirdly , I am desirous to cause no disappointment . In many of the places to which I am invited , I shall be personally a stranger . They have been been used to have lecturers of all sorts among them ; and it is common to estimate speeches by the yard .
I am no Ioug-wiuded speaker . Tho state of my health utterly precludes the possibility of my doingit . I have not physical strength to speak two or three ho rs at a stretch . One of my principal inducements to quit for a time my ordinary seclusion is the hope of being able thereby to repair my shattered health . I am broken down—worn out—as nearly as muy be , and I cannot stand very severe labour . For this reason as well aa because I am one of those who think that
religion is the best policy , and that True Christianity is the only true politics , I shall make my several tours , both South and North , preaching tours ; endeavouring to shew that every consistent Christian must be a Chartist , and that all will be the better Chartists for being Christians . I know there are some to whom the word " Christian Chartist" bears an unpleasant sound : I cannot help that ; I must not let complaisance lead me into hypocrisy ; ( they would like me no better for it if I did ;) I must be honest : I am a Christian
Chartist , aud I hope also that I am a Chartist Christian ; I believo Christianity to be the soul , of which Chartism is the body ; and I cannot consent to separate them . I am aware that my profession has been bo much abused , by many—made so powerful an accessary to all the evils of class legislation—that many of my good friends think it , per se , an evil , and would be glad to see me altogether " drop it "; , I think not with them : and cannot consent to oblige them at the expence of my conscience . Whenever I come , I appear in my own character . I sustain no doubles .
Fourthly , I shall not take a farthing from the people beyond the bare expenoes of the route . It is my doctrine hat no man ought to take pay from the people who can do without it . I cannot travel at my own cost : I am too poor . But I can labour " fur the love of it "; and I shall despise myself when I consent to do otherwise . If there be any thing in these things , in the least degree unpalatable to the people of any of tho towns which I have promised to attend , I beg that they will write at once and say so ; tbat I may know ] to arrange accordingly . This is my reason for now referring to them .
Those things distinctly understood , if it so please the lieges , and if Providence permit me health enough , as soon as June puts in , I shall arrange my ton'a going first south , to Sheffield , Derby , Loughborough , Nottingham , and all the other towns in that district from which I have invitations ; then North , to all the towns in Northumberland and Cumberland , to which I am invited ; and then for the very nursery of sober , thoughtful patriotism , " bonnie" Scotland ; towards whose cloud capt hills my soul yearns wilh an anxious expectation . I shall , of course , lay down the routes distinctly , and communicate with eaoh place , so as that every town shall know exactly when to expect me .
Devoted as I have ever been to your cause ; which is no less my cause , I am , Your faithful friend and t ervant , Wm . Hill . Northern Star , Leeds , Thursday , May 18 , 1843 . P . S . —For Stockport . —Friday morning , 19 th . — After my letter had gone to press , yesterday , I received a litter from Stockport , reminding me of an engagement to that town . I have been long promised to my Stockport friends ; and I was to have seen and lectured to them on Eaater Monday , but , some how , it happened that my vuit was not properly announced ; very few people knew of my being
there , and consequently very few attended . I then promised to visit them again in about three or four weeks time , and give them my opinion on Mr . O'Connor ' s land scheme , Mr . Owen ' s community scheme , and on the general question of land , labour , capital , and their combination by the people for their own benefit . However , instead of going to Stockport to koture to the Chartists I was obliged to go to London and hear lectures ; from the lawyers . Since my return , I have waited for the full development of Mr . O'Connor'B plan in his letters which I must have seen before I can redeem my pledge to the Stockport men . I was intending , therefore , to write them as soon as I should be ' able effectually to serve them when 1 received the following : —
" Park-street , Stockport , May 17 th , 1843 . "MY dear SIR , —Seoing the announcement in tbe Star at Satutday last , of jout intended visit to Bury , the Council have concluded you intend giving us a call on Monday night We huv « announced it . An early answer or a notice in the forthcoming Star would be deemed a favour . " J hope you are in good health . The Queen ' s Bench business looks well . Yours faithfully , " Thomas Clark . "
Now , I am sorry that the announcement should have been made wi hout first writing to me , particularly a 3 I distinctly said that before coming I would write to the Secretary , naming my time exactly . Under the present circumstances , it will be utterly impossible tor me to be in Stockport on Monday evening next ; as I am pledged to Bolton and must go there . I will visit Stockport as soon after the decision of the argument as 1 may : I will take care to give timely nouee of my coming , by writing to the Secretary to prevent misunderstanding ; and I hope tbat no future announcement will be made without my knowledge and concurrenoe . I hate disappointments . W . H .
Untitled Article
Ashton Shoemakers . — We cannot interfere . K . T . OSB 3 RN , Silstow . — We know nothing of Mr , Pepper ' s letters . J . H ., Darlington . —We have no room . Thou . is Heanks , Manchester . —We cannot insert the address . We have seldom seen a worse specimen of the very spirit which it affects to reprove It is a virulent and unprovoked attack upon parties whom its authors have not the manliness tu name , and who , if they should reply in their defence ^ would be immediately accused of denunciation . Tke Nottingham Fiiamkworkess' Petition . — This document is only in course of signature and has not been presented . —as ittiied by us last week .
Untitled Article
Reading Chartists . —A . report of what took place on the 1 V ) ih of April would be rather stale now . C . B ., Newton Heath— His communication came too late for insertion . We think it belter to semi it to Mr . Linton . Thcse Sub-Secretaries in South Lancashire that have not corresponded with Mr . Wm . Dixsn concerning the new lecturers' p ' an are requested to do so on or before Wednesday nest , and send their answers to the following questions;—First , tin you intend to be on the plan for the next quarter ; second , the number of plans that will be required by your localily : ¦ third , the opinions of your members as it ret / ards engaging a
lecturer for this division of the county . A U must be addressed to Wm . Dixon , No . 2 , Crossstreet East , Bank Top , Manchester . The Stalybritlye and Hyde localities are particularly requested to correspond . Mr . Harrison , 0 / Nottingham , is requested to communicate his address 10 T . J . Crowther , Gfauoestcr Coffee-house , Church street , Shoreditch , London . Bath Chartists . —The report of Mr . Marriott ' s lecture on the 11 lh instant did no' reach us till Thursday , \ 8 th , too late for insertion ., even had it not been too long for insertion under any circumstances . We cannot , except under peculiar circumstances , give lectures at length .
Bernard M'Cartney writes as from Channgcross Hospital ( t& which we regret to hear that he has been confined ever since his arrival in London i to ask certain questions in reference to a letter which appeared in a recent number of ihe Star . // he be not captiously deposed , he will see , on again looking at that letter , that his questions are unnecessaiy : if he be ^ we have nothing to say to him . Homk Truth and Homely . —To the working classes and others —My friends , there never will be any change in this country for you until you act
differently to what you have done yet ; and you will suy how happens that 1 Well , I will tell you : you are kee-ping a set of idle , drunken publicans . There is not a week in the year but what . you are giving hundreds of pounds weekly to this set of idle ruffians ; and , my friends , this money goes to tyrants—yes . tyrants to ihe very core : and so long as you spend your money in this manner ^ so long will you have tyrants to tyrannize over you . Yours , John Lawford , delver . Highto'vn , May 17 , 1843 .
To the Colliers of the Wear . — Will any of the colliers wishing to have the services of William Beesley , of Accr ' inglon , send their addresses to Mr . George Charlton , sail-viaker , ' 2 , Filter s-row , Sundertand . as soon as convenient .
Untitled Article
W . S . —The potatoe article in Mr . O' Connor ' s letter of last week was from the Leeds Mercury of April 22 , 1843 .
Untitled Article
LSSDS . —A Mare ' s Nest . —On Monday last , information was given to John Blackburn , Esq ., the coroner for this borough , that the arms of a human body had been found in the canal at Knostrop ; and a policeman , ( No . 9 , we believe ) , who had got them in his possession , and who waited upon the coroner , told him tbat a piece of the blade bone was attached to one of them , from which he had no doubt that they were the identical arms belonging the trunk of a female which it will be remembered was taken out of the same cut some months back . The worthy coroner did not evamine the remains himself , but told
the policeman , if he was sure they were human arms , to take care of them , and he would sendasargeon to examine them . Great care , of course , was taken of the precious remains , by the policeman ; he borrowed a rug to wrap them in , and set apart a ro 3 in for their especial reception . A consultation of tbe medical profession was suoimoned , and an examination was made , which ended in tho discovery that the remains were no arms at all , but two li # s of a large dog . Tiicsapituit policeman , of course , gets hcar ' . ily laughed at for his superior knowledge of comparative anatomy .
Death by Burning . —On Monday morning , an inquest was held ai the Black Dog Inn , East-btreet , Bank , beforo John Blackburn , Esq ., on the body of Mary Sharp , seveu years of age , whose parents reside at Knostrop . The deceased was sat by the fire on Friday last ., when a oicder fljw out aud set firo to her clothe * , by which she was so much burnt as to causober death on Saturday . —Verdict , " Accidental Ddath . " Funeral of a Policeman . —On Tuesday , the remains of Robert Ellis , who has been upwards of twenty years in the police force , were interred in the burial ground at tho parish church . The wii « le disposable force , amounting to about a hundred men , attended his remains to iht ? grave .
Scdd ::-: •; Death . —On Td'sday morning , an inqucsfc was ! « at the Barley Corn Inn , Armley , before John LSla'kburn , Esq ., ou the body of Mary . Holdsworth , ag i 49 , who died suddeulj on SaUrd . ay last . The decv . ; i-ed it appears has lived on comfortable terms Avith her husband , but rumours of some foul play were current , strengthened by tho appearance of bruises on various parts of her body ; the ooroner , therefore ordered a post mortem examination , from which it was evident that the woman had died from purely natural causes , and tho jury returned a verdict to that effect . There was not ihe slightest ground for the suspicion that her husband had ill-Created her ; but it appears that from some cause or other , she had laboured under indisposition , and , mistaking the cause , a small dose of laudanum had been administered to her by her fricnd 3 , which , from a fall , had ensued in congestion of the brain .
Another Burning Case . —Ou Tuesday evening , an inquest wns held at the Court House , before John BJackburn , Esq ., on the body of Helen Ramskill , who expired in the Infirmary on Monday last , from injuries received by being burnt . She was removed to the Infirmary on the 28 th of April , being . then very bad from the effects of the burning , which was caused by falling into the fire , at her mother's house , in Shannon-street , Black Bank , eighteen weeks ago . The jury returned a verdict of" Accidental Death . "
Drowning . —On Monday morning , an inquest was held at tho Black Dog Inn , East-street , Bmk , before John Blackburn , Esq ., on the body of Wm . Terry . 39 years of age , who resided in Spring-street , Bank , The deceased left his houau on the morning of Friday week , and , although every inquiry was made for him he was not again seen or heard of until he was found on Sunday last , floating in the cut , near the coal smiths , at Knostrop . There was no evidence to shew how he got into the water , and a verdict of " Found Drowned" was returned .
Stealikg Trousers . —On Monday last , two men named | Samuel Newlove and John Callaghan , were committed for trial at the next sessions , tor hating stolen a pair of trousers from a stall in Vioar ' g Ctoft , on Saturday night , the property of Mr . Wm . Tslboys , tailor , Joseph Wilson , a companion of the above , was fined £ 4 and costs , or two months' imprisonment , for assaulting the police in attempting to rescue the prisoners . Daring Street Robbert . —On Monday last , two men , of desperate character , named Conelius Whaling and Wm . Oaker , were charged before Griffith Wright and W . Parson , Esqs ., at the Court-house with having about two o ' clock on Sunday morning , assaulted John Rowbotbam , in High-street , and
stolen from his person eight shilliuns ia silver . The prosecutor resides in Lemon-street ; ho is employed » t' Mr . Roinhardt ' s , druggist , in Briggate , at whose shop he was until nearly twelve o ' clock , after which he had some calls to make . He was on his way home , when he was first stopped by the prisoner Daker , whom he knew , and who began sparring in front of him . He was then knocked down , when Whaling and another man , named Gavins , came up , and , after the struggle , Rowbottom found that he had been robbed . A policeman came up while the parties were struggling , but in consequenoe of aot knowing tbat a robbery had taken place , the men wnre set at liberty , but were afterwards recaptured . They were both committed to York Castle for trial .
Pocket Picking . —On Monday laat , a young man named Thomas Wood , was committed lor trial at tiie next borough sessions , for having , on Saturday night , picked tbe pocket of Mrs . Mary Cowling , of Wortley , at an auction room , in Ktrkgace , of a purse and eighteecpenoe . The prisoner was seeu by policeman Hartley to enter the auction room , and knowing him he waited until he came out , when he stopped Lira and searched him , and in his pocket found the purpe , which was at once identified . Lekds Police . —Johnson v . Hepworth and Othlhs . —We understand taat notice has btea given by tho plaintiff to the defendants iu this case of his intention to prosecute a fresh action against them ui ' ih « » t . xi a . s ? Z ' . * , for an assault committed by i . hcm upon Jiie wife in January last .
Untitled Article
Burglary . —Dunn * the night of Sunday last fta house of Mr . John Wainwright , cloth weaver of Armley , was broken into , and a large quantity of men ' s weanag apparel was stolen . WHAT NEXT ! Whigs , in the Council , are so Ja 2 / , *• Shew up" so late aud thin ; W hig u organs" cry ( don't it amaze ye 1 ) Whigs want a—* ' Whipper-in . " But who will take the " imposing" place 1 'Tis difficult to tell : There ' s none would do it so much grace Ab Alderkan D L . ^ ^
Bfgging Impostor . —Yesterday , a man named James Bum ? , was committed to Wakefiel ^ Home ot Correction for three months , as a rogue aad vag 4 bond , having been found soliciting alms , wirh « fraudulent document in his possession , purporting that he was empowered to collect money for the sufferers by a coal-pit explosion atRoseHili , in ft . West Riding , by which severallives had been lost and others severely wouuded . ' Public Meeting . —On Tuesday last , a large Borough Meeting wai held in tho yard of the
Cjloured Cioth Hall , to take into consideration the propriety of pstitioning Parliament again * t th <» Factories Bill , and for the Separation of Church and State . The Mayor refused to call the meeting , ^ wl thk » Rcquisitionists , therefore , called it themselves . An attempt , w ?^ made to seat Mr . Hamer Stansfeld ia the chair , bu * ho was defeated , and Mr . Joseph Jones was called upon to preside . The "lads * however , although they carried their Chairmai lost an amendment which they submitted , by a large majority , and the petition of the Di ^ enters was
carried . HUDDERSF 123 LD . —On Thursday last , a little boy , four and a half years old , the son of Wm . Mills , iron-founder , Aspley , walked into the worka unobserved , whilst the whole of the men were out . Ia a short time the father went in , and to hia astonishment found the boy crushed to death , by & largo psice of iron which was lying across his body . His death must have been instantaneous , as the weight of the iron was considerable . An inquest has since bfen held , and a verdict of M accid ental death" recorded .
HAWlCK .-Truck . System . —At the general meeting of the stocking makers , a few weeks ago , which was noticed in the Star , a resolution was passed to use every means in their power to put a s op to the truck system , which was making rapid strides to supersede the payment of wages in money , with some of the manufacturers , to the great injury of the workman and the honest manufacturer . The meeting elected a Committee of five , with instructions to prosecute those manufacturers who had glaringly violated the Truck Act . Tiie Committee immediately went to work and selected three of the manufacturers , who were considered the worst in that respect for prosecution , two for the penalty , and as for the third , one of his hands spontaneously offered to
prosecute for his wages . The two former , however , wrote to the agent employed by the Committee , and pledged themselves to discontinue the practice of paying in goods in future if the prosecution were abandoned , the Committee ' s object being merely the putting a stop to the system , was thus attained . The third case came on before the Justice of Peace Court , on Thursday last ; Henry Stones , pursuer and Peter Wilson , manufacturer , defender . On the Bench appeared the Earl of Minto , the Honourable John Elliot , — Chesholm , Esq ., of Sturches , and — Grieve , Esq ., of Brauxholm Braes . The action was for the amount of wages which the defender had deducted from the pursuer for a nnmber of weeks , and which amounted to upwards of £ 15 , but the claim was
limited to £ 5 , to bring it within the jurisdiction of the Court . From the investigation it appeared that Mr . Wilson had a shop which he called " HawickStore , * where his men were furnished with goods during the wcr k ; that each man's account was kepi in a small book , which was sent to the warehouse on counting days , and the amount deducted from Mb wa ^ es ; that one means of inducing his workmen to take the goods , was the limiting the supply of employment to those who declined dealing in his store , &c . &c . The defender , who has long enjoyed the cognomen of " Crafty , " notwithstanding hia pretended ignorance of the law , his regard for the welfare of his men , whom he was so anxious to oblige , and all h s doubling and twisting , in which
he displayed a good deal of "craft , was de 3 medto pay to the pursuer the wliole sum sued for . Lord Minto , who presided , and his brother , appeared uncommonly anxious that the pursuer should not insist on taking the money , which , said his Lordship , is * not morally yours—the letter of aa Act of Parliament gives you a legal claim , but it is scarcely honest to tako advantage of the letter of the fow t to take what does not belong to you . Very good , my Lord , after that wo expect to hear of your refusing 10 take advantage of an act of Parliament any longer , and give up your pension of £$ 24 per annum , fffieh never morally belonged to you , and which you haw meanly pocketed for a great number of years , although you know it to be wrung from the hard earnings of tho working men . While delivering ihe decision of ihe Court , he hoped it would be the
last case of tho kind that would be brought before it , as the Court woulu be more disposed to look upon it as a means of extorting money , rather than respect for the law . But in spite of this threat of his Lordship , the men are determined to briag the very first case they can get hold of before the same tribunal . What has procured us the honour of Earl Minto's presence on this occasiou ? is a question often asked since the Court , as he has not appeared here on the bsnch for at least a quarter of a century ; and we think a solution of the query may be found in the fact that Mr . W . has ahvaysbeen a thick and thin supporter of the Miato interest , in their contests for the representation of the county . The Court-house was crowded , and the audience received many of the remarks of the Elliots with marked disapprobation .
nXA . I < rCHESTE £ t —Fxchange no Robbert —One day last week three respectably-attired females entered ttie shop of an extensive draper , residing in the Borough Buildings , London-road , Manchester , and i after making a few trifling purchases , left the shop . In a short rime after their departure , the shopman found that a large Paisley sha wl , value 30 s . was miesin # vaud no o- her persons having been in that part of the establishment but the above-mentioned females , it was suspected that they had stolen it . Information was immediately given to the ponce .
Inspector M ' Muliin , irom the description given of the throe females , pucceeued in taking them into custody ; but , after the mo 3 t minute search , could not find the stolen property ; ihe females , however , were brought up for examination before Mr . Maude , the sitting magistrate , at the Borough Court . Tne shopman that served them aud lrl'MHllin wereexamined by the magistrate , as v , itnesses for the prosecution ; Mr . B . nt , solicitor , appeared for the defendants ; and in cross-examining the shopman , put tho following questions to him : —
Mr . Bent . —Now Mr . Shopman , 1 believe you art fond oi kiting a pretty # irl ! Shopman . —Yes , sir , under the ro . e . Mr . Bent . —Yes ; and behind the merinos , too . ( This made the poor shopman look unutterable things . ) Now , Mr . Shopman , did not yt-a stead a kiss from one of the prisoners af . the bar in the shop on the day that this shawl was lost \ Shopman . Yes , sir . Magistrate —Do you mean to say that the shawl was given in return for that favour ' Mr . Bent . —Certainly not . Tnere is no evidence against my clients . But if it had bees the caae » exchange is no robbery . The Magistrate dismissed the case .
SOUTH CHUSCH .-The workmen on tiie Deanery Colliery reiuru their sincere thanks to the following places for assistance during tbeir struggle , with the masters tor their rights : —Wocnhouse Close , £ 1 hi loid ; Greot Hetton , 6 * 7 d ; Trimdea 4 * 8 d ; St . Helen's . 9 * 8 ( 1 ; BiacK Boy , 15- 81 ; Wingate , 10 d 9 ^ i ; Kallo , 8 s Oid ; Thornlej , & > 44 <»; Q , uarriP « ton hill 4 * 10 J ; T ' zac , 2 s 2 jd ; <** " « Eden , 19 s 8 d ; Etherley and Witteii ParK , 5 i 7 d . CLITHEKOE . —Mr . David Rosa lectured ia the large room of the Swan Inn , on Saturday eveniug . Subject : — " Elocution ; its gross neglect , and abuse iu the pulpit , tho bar , and the senate , ne was listened to by an attentive audience . The lecturer treated his subject with such a degree of precision as to give the greatest satisfaction .
The Northern Star.
THE NORTHERN STAR .
Untitled Article
TO MR . B . RIDLEY . Sib , —Although I have bran remia * In the payment of reoney matters , to my sorrow , in a few instances through having been tyrannically deprived of my work , for having bten sc ? n in the Petition procession , of l ? st May , but . ia tbe instance of kaing a defaulter , as you have in last ¦ weeks' Star been pleased to represent to the amount of 5 i for dinner tickets , I -will here remind yon , that I told you that a man named Tcsron , owes you that Bum , and not me . You promised me that yen would n \\ on him for it , for he still persists in it , that he will not pay me that sum , but when yon call on him in your official capacity aa Secretary , he will pay you . David Cater . 32 , FleeUane , City of London , May 16 th , 1843 .
3to Meatrerg Antr £Fom0$Otu≫Ittt0
3 To Meatrerg antr £ Fom 0 $ otU > ittt 0
&Ocal Atitr ≪Suueral Enulli&Ince.
&ocal atitr < SUueral EnUlli&ince .
Untitled Article
— « p Wilful Mubder . —A serious investigation has occupied tho atteution of Mr . R . Fowke , coroner , and a j < iry , at Eccleshall , two entire days , wnion terminated on Friday in a verdict of" Wilful Murder" against Charles Higginson , labourer . Hi > £ KU » - son , who i 3 a widower , is supposed to have fflofdered his child , a boy about five years of age , in «* Bishop ' s-wood , near Eccleshall , and tohave bunett htm there . Hitjginson , who had been working w Shropshire , made some extraordinary statements w his fellow-workmen and master respecting nis ciwo having beeu taken ill and dying in hia arms , ago that he had buried him in the Bishop ' s-wood . we proposed to go acd poiut out tho spot where hw child was buried on the followine day . but luxteaa
of keeping his word he absconded , and has not since been heard of . Tho parties , however , gave """ * : tion to the authorises ; the wood was searched . ano the body of a child was found buried there , wniott has been identified as the body or' iligginson s enna . A post mortem examination of the body was maaa by Mr . Greatrtx , burton , who was of opinion tnai the child had como to its death by violence , a iracture occasioned by a blow from some binut ]? s lt *' ment , or a kick , beiu # discovered on the inner troaw bone , and an externai braise corresponding W 1 , * r The case , altoyetntr , was a very strong one . A « - scription of Higaiuson has l"c f ; iven at tn ^ , ' ;?! bulary-offiM , at Stuikrd , and there 1 * but . ittte dart * that he will ba speedily ivyvcheudnd . —SuiffonhMre Advertiser .
Untitled Article
THE FACTORY BILL . We give elsewhere a long report of a most important meeting of Millowner 3 and Members of Parliament in consideration of the labour clauses of the Factory Bill . We invite special attention to the speeches of the partizans of labour and money le ^ pLCiiveiy . We say the speeches ; we caunot say r . v- o ^ Btn , n ! 3 of both ; because the a rgument was aii ou one eide .
Untitled Article
FOR THE NATIONAL DEFENCE FUND . £ a . d . From three friends at Harrogate 6 1 3 „ Croydeu , C . Segrave 0 10 0 „ Bilk mill at Horsforth 0 l 11 „ Knaresbro ' , per J . D 0 0 3 £ „ an old Radical 0 0 6 ^ J . S . Cullen 0 0 4 ,, J . Farmsworth and J . Twist , Amertca 0 4 0 „ Delph , Saddleworth , per W . Hirst ... 0 11 0 „ Tbe Cap cf Liberty , fifth subscription of one pound each 10 0 .. Brighton , per George Giles ... ... 0 10 . 0 „ W . T . L ., London -0 5 0 „ The Rancliffe Aims , Nottingham , per J . Sweet 0 5 6 .. Wear Pottery , for Mr . Campbell Sinlthwlck 0 7 0 _ CUthetoe , per James Heaton 2 0 0
Untitled Article
4 ^ THE NORT H ERN STAR , .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1213/page/4/
-