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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE FACTORIES BILL . . ' ¦ ( Condvded from our eighH , page . ) to reinoTe the diffiealties that were in the way of JjL ie , and then a = k them to discuss the que ^ ion ^ n ihe humanity footing . It was true & 3 regarded tamsJf *» individual thai he was willing to make ^ ce ^ or . s , and he was quite willing that the bill j % .-. u \ i be brought down to eleven hows—( hear)— 1 tal he wished to separate himself as an individual j ^ j ^ occasion as he was sen t to the meetiug as j B j L 3 noa to oppose the B : li before Parliament ; I jL JjjJ so coubt many of those who sent him wonld j iLsnr in an Eleven Honrs Bill , but there were Zfoers who would not . With regard to the relay ^ tum , be would remark that it was a favourite i « neo of Mr . llorner , and that part of the Bill j J ) OZLB £ Ct * d with education had been framed to meet j that 5 T ;" -eCi . If they passed that Bill in it ? present ] ^ ___
offensive shape to the Dissenters , they would not I v » ve one child under thirteen years of age in any j -ills conducted by Dissenters—( hear . ) - j Mr . Ra- vb s % ^ fioB&rs desire was that tbej ; jsiehi a > ^ ^ possible concur in & design for a jitiory Bill ; he believed that ihe hearty ce opera 1 ticm of lie factory masters was essential to the carr j jug oct of ir . y Bill upon the qu siion . He was a-s deeply eccrincei now as when first he entered the mm on $ -c preceding day that Ton Hours was as much asyonn * pir . ^ ons cngbt to work ; a ; the same ^ j he was awa re i kat the sudden change of from ^ jye' ^ e to Tea Honrs ^ as a serious change ; he was deeply aware of that , and he fcad no desire to disturb existing arrangements , but he coald not consent "
to scppoi " 1 » pe / petuai Bill for more than Ten Hou rs . He b-e'kved unless they came to a Ten Bcrars B . - l eventually , a * . ii * ton -would cot' . inu ' e , jnd there would be no settlement of the quesiionenterainiBg that option , but being no friend to gndden changes , he would rather , as was said in another place , throw down the elite branch c / peaee < and with an attempt to reconcile all parties , jewcaid prefer that & Bill should be introduced to Pjrliimeni restricting the hour * of labour to Eiev ; -n Hoar ? a i * 7 f ° T iwoyesrs , proTidiEg that-in OcioWr 1 B 45 , Ten Hours should be adopted . With regard to foreign competition , respecting which so ninch had been said by parties opposing the w ' lation which he fought for , let him for a ffituncir .
( irjir their attention to a beautiful remark occurring tonig & recent aebate in the House of Common * , jud which he wished to brii-g to bear upon this put of the question ; it fell from the lips of one who Trt = ctffiroiLi of a wider system cf commercial policy : ¦ L et forego nations Ies 3 enlightened in commercial ^ objects than themselves , shape their tarjfe as they choose—is did not become this great commercial country to regulate her arrangements in conform :. y with tfeilr mistaken ones . It was the duty , and ir&nld be found : o be the interest of England , to get tn exaznple to other countries . Let her Uike her sand on principle , and exhibit to the world the gl » - ruras spectacle ef & nation determined to do what \ r » 5 right , let other countries do what they may . "
Mi . Bsook said he was about to propose a resolution , but after the remarks of Mr . Rsnd bethought he should d ? sist . He was aot insensible to the recomaeEdatirn of Sir G . S . nckland and Sir . Hin-ikj that Mccvssions should be made , and he should hav .-been hippy * the sake of unanimiiy to have accepted a Blii of eleven hours , bu » if it were to T > e s&ddled mihM&endition that at a certain day ten hours shoailpw the law of the land , he would have nothing to 36 with it . If it had been to settle the qiesBonhe was for concession ; if not , he would act upoB principle . Mi . Bi 5 Di _ E 7 , M . P ., hoped Mr . Rand would with four ae kiter part of his resolution ; sufficient unio she year was the legislation thereof . Wnen they fauJ seen how an Eleven Hours' Bill worked , they night try & Ten , but now as they were so near a comprocase he did hope they should have one—( hear , hear ) . Mr . HA 5 D 5 iid his onlj desire was to do what was just to the working-classes , and put an end to all agitation , and he considered they never should succeed in that till they did what was just —( hear ,
hear . ) Mr FiELDX >" , M . P ., Oldhsns , S 3 id his epinisna were so well known upon the Ten Hours BUI- that it wxs sot necessary for him to take up much time . Ever asee be had laboured in a factory , he hid always contended that ten boon labour was as much aa any banian being , either child or adult , should be rtquireu to perform . Hia opinion remained unchanged , and in order to know the feeling of those who came front the eormtiy . be thoQiht the best course "would be to take the uiists of thi * e who were for % ten , tho « e who were to an eleven , &ad those who were for no alteration at aS ; but he wouM say let no party commit himself by » actioEir ; g any one of these terms of labour , bo as not to be free to act as he thought right for the future . As Mr . Seaworthy bad been referred to , be might say that Mr "R _ -wax an ixtauAfB manufacturer at Black bnm .
who had taken a deep interest in this question : he vu a geotltxn&a employing an immense number of bads , he had been brought up in a faclory ever sice- he ni euht years oJd , and he understood facvory hbonr in all its departeienlg , and he had always K-eorumfflied a ten hour * bili . He < Mr . Fielden ) had wiitten to Mm . asking him what his opinion was of the pr ?* ect Reory Bill , and he expressed himself as strongly opposed to the Eystem of relays contemplated by tb ° biii spoa the table in the House of Commons . S > x honrs libocrbf tho-o ^ ht would Dot o ffer sufficient inducement fat fee smploymeEt of the children , and he was in favenr rf a ¦ mnfenn time of labour for all persons from ten to twgnty-cme years of sj ? e . ai » d that should be limited to ten boors a day . 'The con . rentiemaa then read &
letter from Mr . Kecworthy , dated Bladtbnrn , May 6 , 1 S 43 , wherein that gentleman recapitulated the sentiments wbieb . the honourable member had just a * cribe < 1 to him ) He might state that Mr . Ken worthy's factory m rot of a high temperature . His spinning was aboat 3 T » cr 40 s . He thought it would not be amiss to read b > extract or two frcm Mr . Kenworthy"B Utter to master coti n spinners , which was well worthy Bit itte'tkn and consideration of factory masters . ( The honourable gentleman den read the " followai passages from Mr . K ? nworthys pamphlet : — " The diSerence of 13- per lb oa yarn , or one farthing paywti on eloth , is tt > e muhty difficulty that Wt have to overcome , in order to afford to our factory bands that respite from physical toil which is so imperatively
demanded , and to ssve our country from ruin by fereien eonpetittai . ' How abominably absard and inconsistent it is ttat the snffering tbonsands , who hiTe so eften tailed and patiently waited for the redress of their pievsocM , should hare their miseries protracted , under the deJua ' ve notion of the dangers arising from foreign ttx&petitios . ' Are we so Dear rain that an advance of ° *« farthing per yard on our cotton cloth would irre-¦* " *» blj teal our fate ? If so , how important an element of M&B 31 prosperity is the labour of these poor people ' . How paiseworthy is their exempLiry patience undt-r & « ir complicated scSWrmra . ' But , we are all conscious of , aaa daily experience , flsctnatiocs in oiir cottoD and cbth markets ; and these often make a ranch greater & £ fcra * e - ^ B g ^^ of 0006 a than that to
* fcidi we have already aavtrttd , as consequent ^ Jwb & reduction in the period of labour . — Tbae flnctcationj may be caused by speculation?—by fanuotts repoits respeetiDg the cotton crops^—ssd by many itbei combins-taons of ciTcaaistBiiCfeB : RiU , no : a word is said about being rained by fonajro eonspefition on these accounts . We have seen that the wking of shorter time would increase , to » certain Baited extent , the cost of msnnfactnred goods . All e-mmerciil mtu know , bowfrer , that the cost of an rick bss isothiDg to do wi ? h what it s « lls for . The i * I& « pricfcisT . gTiiat * d by the amount of supply and kniiBd ; and as the supply is lessened , the demsx . d IaCi ^ > iiTtg the Fame , goods will necessarily a < iv :: Dce in " ri ^ * : i-r , if the price does not advance , a reiirieted ft prevents a further declension , and thereby
" ** tl . e msstera from greater loss , and the work-P » pls froni greater suffering . ' But , ' it may be *^ 6 d , ' ciold Qistera ob ^ in an aivance Mjniva-* - to the stated difference in the cost of ^ " ^ etti re ? If not , they would very sooa « rniurd , seeing ths . t they are losics already . * e ttBhesitating ! y answer in the affirmatiTf ; •*^ i a » a reason for thus rep a ying to tbe * J : ' - " " ^ n . we would rtfer to tbe temporary advance ii : tfe-^ ° = of er > odg aud yams which was th * effect of ths ** 6 torn-out . If we only ie \ the hours of labour d « --^ ase , ss the powers or invention sDd production in" ^• e . we shall obtain better prices for our goods , as ^ a to be the instnuneats in the hand * of Divine t ^ foiee , of distributing happiness on every hand , liea , and not till thea . will inventions be » ome wnat oa ht to
«^ y s be—blewingB to the land . " Those "Pttutaa most cordially agreed with his own . He never ^ n » ee tbe force of the argument * raised againsLthe « & Himrs Bill on account of foreifn competition . He •*» ottca inquired what foreign competition was , and os fonnd h was this : manufactures here were being ^ Pwted to saeh s > n extent , mactinery wat so muJch i » - J ™*^/ M ^ Production foUowed in tbe same ratio , ~** in feTtry market in the world theii prodBcuons r ^ nset , not by the competition of the French , not wh ^* P etttio ii ot foreigners , but of the very men *> sifrrounded them , and amongst whom they zrf *~ tt » t w « fyrtign competition—( hear , hearif ^ tb » J bria the means of aTerting it : J * «* a Ttduce the period of labour , and they wonld rr *»* tbey would rfeduce tbe quantity « f goods so ff « n , that there \ roald he m much better market for
~* - Hs haa tried to aseertain what was the differ-*~** J * wet between twelTe and ten boBM in his own ¦^ "aetnre , and he found that it would not cost Use * j «* man a pecny more to get a shirt , net threehalf f j ~* ttore to get a fustian jacket , and not one penny *™*» fartbiEgs more to get a gown piece , if tbe hours ^?** w » ced from sixty-nine to fifty-eight ntxt week 2 » h !" i » * M * z" ) And was the consumer te be found in ~ s |* M that wouid not support tbe Ten Hours' Bill at W * ** freely W the Qiff' ^ nces of price 1— ( bear , £ " * Hat wai the fact , and he was therefore willing to . Mr ^^ bt hours at onee ; luy , be ttsj willb g So to f otty ^ ight : let him give a proper factory bill , "fie would uke care to limit the hours to forty-J * £ * > « M then he would educate the people ; but with * hS > s ' ? ili there could not ** ^ Uil 3 tion . n . ** Wai the dntV nf f ** tsm m » ttfr « tn nrr . mnift .
^ wottld like the miilowners tu look at tte lepc-rti uf i \ . 7 ? tory iaB PectoTa , and see what was t ^ ers said bef » "T ^ Mr ' ° k said there had been no enquiry Wl ' - «* Factory Bill ps ^ ed .
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Mr . Bsook said he had teid there was no prorer in . formation . Mr . Fielden continued . Why , previous to the ps . s > : n ? of the bill a factory commission issued , which called upon every manufacturer in Yorkshire and Lancashire , and theii ttport m&rte the manufacturers appear more odious even than tfeey were represented before Mr . Saddki ' s committee . The stain of that report still remained upon tbe manufacturers . Every report made by the Factory Inspectors sir . ee 1833 was full of charges against the masters ; he felt there was a stkma attached to th « masters which they oueht to get rid of . but whioh they could only do by giving the people a really efficient ten hoars bilL He would tell them wfeat the Inspectors said of the manufacturers .
The Chairman thcueht as it was probable tbe gentlemen present were dt-sirous of confining the business to a moderate length , that the Hon . Gentleman should confine himself to the question of the hours , which was Unpractical question before the meeting . ^ fc . Fielden must make a few remarks npon that sutj-ct , btC 3 use he thought it was important thst tbe manufacturers stould know what was ssid of them in the Honsfe of Commons . In the first report of tbe Inrpectors it was stated that children and young persons ¦ WPTe not prfctected . Mr . 8 T . &NSFIELD , M . P ., understood that they had met to hear the opinions of millowners : he thought Members of Parliament should not express their sentiments , but listen to the opinions of the millowners . Mr . Hakpt , M P ., reraarked that the Hon . Gentlewan forgot Mr Fielden was a millowncr—( hear , hear ) .
Mr . FiELDEN submitted that he , as a miilowner , had as much right to speak as any miilowner present . He employed as maty hands , perhaps , as any master in Manchester—ibear , hfc&ri . Mr . Rickards , speaking of the relay system , gave It as his opinion that the limitation of one class of children to a certain number of hours , and of another cl * ss to a different number of hours in tbe same mill . Cculd never be put ; n force by les * l means : evasion was so easy , and detection so difficult , compared -with the rrivate interest adveiBe to it ; bat he arfded thit protection for the children was necesswy to prevent tbe avarice of masters and tbe ¦ rtinulus r . f high waxes from working thousands to de * h ; and he said there were millowners who must be restrained , Mr . Homer , Mr . Saur . ders , and other inspectors , concurred in these sentiments . Mr . 5 ! okris submitted that the lWeting did not ¦ wish to hear a repetition of what the HkCtory Inspectors bad already given to the world .
Mr . Fielden , continued . —There was another thing menuoneG , ¦« nh resppct to trailing up the cbildrt-n to habits of fVissheod . It was stated that when asked their age— " sjoing of fourteen , " or " past thirteen" was the rta ^ y answer , always ? ivfn . He ( Mr . Fielden ) did say that the sj 3 * rm of relrys iud the children into tbe habit of te ' . ' uru : falsehood * and was calculated to destroy all nnrtl f-. t-iing . They could never rest till thty got a u-ifurm Bill acd if they had thnt he would n jt snvy the frtiiDjs of any man who cciid ask the people to werk more than ten hoars a day . ( Hear . ) Rsther than see the poor people subject to fourteen hours a day , factory labour such as it was , he would Bink the factories into the sea . But he did not believe that was necessary if m ? -. terswou d only be reconciled to what jwaa reasonable ; and ha was sure nine-tenths of the people of this coun ' ry would say that ten honrs labour was quite enough ( Hear , heai . )
Mr . Feilde . n , M . P , for Blackburn , had received no instructions from any party as to the cause to pursue in this debate . He believed in his neighbourhood there wm a difference of opinion si to whether the Bill shonli be for ten or eleven hours . He had had some resolutions sent to him agreed to at a public meeting wfc' . ch he believed , however , txpres&ed the sentiment of the town generally . His own opinion was that e ! eTen hours would be more desirable than twelve , and if it were found after working eleven hours for several years , tbst a shorter period would be desirable be Bhou'd say thentry a Ten Hoars BilL
Mr . Thomas Plikt . of Le « ds , said he thought that fhe m 3 Jarity of the mill-owners in Leeds were in favour of an Eleven Hours Bill , ( hear , hear , ) and were of opinion that to diminish the hours to ten would be to iijare labour . He differed from Mr . Fielden in h ? s political tcouomy , anl in bis views relative to sinking all factories to the bottom of the sea if they could not carry an EUven , Hours Bill . Mr . Fielden had spoken of the d fflrence in the cost of a shirt being Id ., a jackfct 1 ^ 4 ., and a gown l | i-, if the mills were worked ten hoars instead of twelve ; it appeared to him ( Mr . Plint : that if he reduced his time of labour from twelve to eleven hs lost one-twelfth of his profit , and if he it to he be
r ' . duc ^ d one-sixth ; considered tbat they had to compete with foreijruers , he thought that was & gnat loss . He claimed to be as humane & 3 Mr . Fielden when he said that an Eleven Hours Bill would be safe and beneficial to the country . Bat the question of humanity mixed itself up with the question of nc . iDce . and they could not separate them . He believed Mr . Fielden at one time maintained that though some mills worked lo ; u ; hours , others might w ^ rk " abort , and he believed be had tried it by reducing his hoars , but he afterwards gave it np . finding that the financial question pinched tim . Geutlemen must separate the politico-financial and the humanity question .
Mr . Morris said by the present system of relays they took children at eight years of aee , and from that &ie up to thirteen they worked six hours ; he - contended that they wtre much better employed in that way than in running about the streets ; tbe remaining six hours they wtre in school ; i ; O children could stand a better chaace of receiving a cood education than such as those . By the proposed Bill they would take a child at ten years of hze and make aim work ten hours -, he maintained th&t the system of relays was more consistent with humanity than either a Ten or Eleven Hours BilL He , as a practical man , would ay he hid found no inconveniecce a * all from working relays of six hours . If children were taught mendacity in the C 03 e of relays they might be equally taught it in the other case , to say they -were ten years old when they were not . He reckoned that by reducing the honrs from twelve to ten , with a mill of 40 horse power , he should lose £ 4 , 500 ptr annum .
General Johksok , M . P ., said that in no agricultural district rii . i the labourer work more than from six in tbe morning till six at nieht . with half an hour for breakfart and » ri hour f » r dinner , and h « did not see why they should work longer in tbe factories . The wishes of those employed »» re , be beiieved , to have an Eleven Hours Bill , and there was a great number of eentlemen present who would agree to an Eleven Hours Bill ; tht-re were likewise s great many who wonM s » rreeto a Ten Hnnrs Bill , fee thoncht then they ought to
compromise tbe matter by accepting . Mr . Walker ' s proposition for a Ten and a Ha f Hours BilL If tbe matter came before Parliament , he Qe . tnl Johnson ) should vote tor a Ten Hours Bill , because be thought that was tbe preper thing , but if they would agree to a Ten acd a Half Hours Bill it would satisfy all classes ( h ^ -ar . i He knew tbrre wai but one opinion amongbt thfc operatives , and tL&t was that tea hours was plenty fir them . As tfct-re were so many gentlemen present , he thought it de-iiraMe that that they should come to some ^ tfirnte conolusion .
Mr . JohMOS . cf Derby , said he was expressing the opinion of those in his neighbourhood when he said tha * notbina could be mor * Utopian than to imagine that relays of children from eight to thirteen years of age wonld ever succeed in the silk department . Frem the fine nature of the article and its great cost , if they should pnt unskilled labour with skilled labour , it would be impoasib . e to produce &uch an article as would enable them to compete with foreigners . It was an undeniable fact that st present tbe silk masters had no protection whatever . The duty upon Italian thrown Bilk formerly
was 14 s . a lb . ; shortly after it was lowered to 7 s ; it had since been reduced to 5 *; again to 3 s . 6 d , ; and under tbe tariff of last year to Is . The Italians themselves placed a dntv of 83 . npon the raw silk , and nothing upen tbe thrown silk , and if that were de-6 acted from the Is . it made the protection only sbont 4 d . The EDglish people then , -with that anionnt of protection had to compete with the French , the Italians , and other people , and he apprehended that if they were fettered by f nither lejris "; ative enactments , they would be crippled in a drea ^ fal degree . He had no doubt that the
principal comDetitor that existed was amongst our own roacufactun-rs , anri he was not surprised at th&t , whtn he considered that England exported more of her toods tban all other nations in the world pnt together . The Cbaik * - » s » aia gentlemen mishtnow think perhaps aiitr the lengthened discussion that had taken p \ a * e upon the subject , that it woulQ be as well for him to call their attention to the possibility of coming to some dennifc- © jnclusion—( bear , hear . ) There appeared to him to be two or three ways ia which that might be doae . There was a certain number of factory masters and members of Parliament present , and as the latter weuld have to vote npon this matter in the House of Commons , be thought they should not Tot * at that meetina—( hear , bear )—but with respect to the
remainder of the ineetin / r . composed of their constituents , to whose opiniens they were willing to pay the utmost respect , he thought it was desirable that they should make something like an expression of opinion . Mr . Rind , who bad bren tbe most active agent in callinj the meeting together , bad placed a resolution in his hand , and smother gentleman , who had expressed himself in favour of an Eleven Hours Bill , had also asked bim to submit a resolution ; of course , if the meeting choose , those resolution * could be put to them ; and there was another method which occurred to bim , which was to rule a camber of columns on a sheet vf paper , heading them with the different propositions which had been submitted to the meeting , so that every gentleman might insert hij name under the heading whieh expressed his own Tiewm ,
Mr . Hisdlet , M . P ., quite agreed in the observation of the Cnairman that Members of Parliament should not vote- Be thought the meeting should endeavo » - to concentrate thevr views in favour of one fixed principle , so that Mr . S ' . uaJt WorUey might be able to tell Sir James e «* am and tbe Government that be was authorsed to say , that at a meeting of factory masters , so and so was agreed upon , and that a BUI with certain provision / would bs snlisfacfcorv to them . It they could d « that , he wouid say that they had accomplished a most in . portaur object ( Hear , hear . ) Mr M 1 L 5 B unshed to know what ages were proposed ff-r the ufftr-. iit hours . TbtCHAi , s * iA > ' sail i ' - ^ as proposed sleven for elrvtn fccurs aud ten fur ten boura .
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Mr . Mil > e then proposed that tbe last plan mettioned by the Chairman for taking the sense of the meeting should be adopted . Mr . Bbook opposed that ; their opinions , if net unanimous , would nave no weight with the Government ; and if they could not acr « e to something specific , he for one would not sign at alL He was willing to sien for an Eleven Hours Bill in the snirit of
concession . Mr ALDAK , M . P ., proposed a resolution to the effect that the limitation of the hours of labour for persons under the nge of eighteen to eleven hours a day would be a desirablo arrangement . Mr . Hindley , M . P ., remarked tb » t that was precisely in accordance with a very numerously-signed petition -which he received the other day from Bolton . The sense of the meeting was not taken upon it . Mr . Rand proposed " That the manufacturers here assembled nnite in opinion that the system of relays proposed by the Bill is highly objectionable ; that the conditions attached to their employment are so irksome that masters will not employ them . " The Chairman put this resolution to tbe meeting , ¦ when thirteen bands were held up in favour of , and three in opposition to it Carried .
Mr . Rand then pi-opoeed That bo valuable moral results can be obtained , nor domu » Uc duties be properly performed , with a duration of l .-fbaur extending to twelve hours daily labour , exclusive of meals . " This was also put to the meeting , when there appeared nine for it , and one against it Carried . Mr . Rand rext proposed' ' That tbe laf mr In mills be uniform and reduced to within reasonable limits , so as to accomplish these desirable objects . " This was put to the meeting , aud also carried , the majority bring eleven to one . Mr . Morris proposed that young persons between the age of eleven and eighteen should work only eleven hours a day . Upon this being put to the meeting there appeared six for and six against it . The motion therefore fell to the grounit .
Mr . Rand next proposed " That tbe age of admission into the ruillB should b « ten years , and that the period of twelve hours mentioned in the Bill should Include the time for meals . " Mr . Brook objected to this resolution being put , as several £ e » t ) 4 ; nien h id left tha room sinei voting upon the last resolution ; he protested against it , and should not vote himself . It wss however put to the meeting , and carried by a majority of five to tbree . Mr . Ka t then moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Stuart Wortley , M . P ., for bis kindness in presiding , and for tbe patience he bad shewn , and the attention be bad paid , to the business of the meeting . Mr . Hixdly , M P ., seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Stuart Wortlet briefly acknowledged the honour , and the meeting separated .
We Bhould observe that a jr ^ eat many eentlemen who were present did not vote upon any of the resolutions .
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Suspicious Sotjp . —On Monday forenoon last , two labourers made application to Mr . Superintendent Sawley , to bring the following curious occurrence before the notice o ( the maKistratef-: —It appeared that the two men , whose names are Henry Lowihcr and John Taylor , went into Gentel ' s eating-house , Victoria-street , near the Old Cnuroh , on Sunday last , and there had something to eat . They ttveu called for a basin of broth , which was brought them , and which they began to eat . One of them remarked , that the broth had rather an unwholesome smell , but they both agreed as to the taste being very good . Under this impression they
continued at their meal , and the broth was by degrees disappearing , when one of the men fell in with a strange bony mbstance , whioh proved upon examination to be a human nail , It was shown to several surgeons , wno all agreed in declaring it to be the nail of a human b ? ing . From the fiizs and general appearance , it would appear to be a toe nail . The two men appeared at the Borough Court , on Monday , before Alderman Sir T . Potter , and T . Townend , £ -q ,, when the above statement was given . The magistrates said , it was a case in which they could do nothing , but advise the men to dine elsewhere . —Manchester Guardian .
Turn out op Coiliers . —The colliers in the employ of Mr . Sparrow , at Longton , have again turned out , iu consequence of a . proposed reduction of wages . The men having received the UFual fourteen days ' notice of the intended drop , the time expired on Saturday Se ' nurght , when they all ceased labour , and are now out . Tno number who h . tre turned out , including boys , is about 250 . The reduction is at the rate of 3 d . per day on each man ' s earnings . A large meeting of colliers was hold in the Town Hall , Longton , on Monday evening , in reference to the etrike . A numbor of resolutions were passed , in which they determined to resist by all lawful means the reduction of their wages , and called upon the colliers in employ , and the public in general , to assist them ; at the same time pledging themselves not to commit or countenance any breach of the peace . —Birmingham Gazette .
Prison Allowance . —During the past week tm > prisoners died in the gaol ai Bnxton , aud under the act o ; Parliament it was compulsory on Mr . Carier , the coroner for Surrey , to institute an inquiry respecting the causes of their deathp , which * vas gone into in the receiving-room of tbe prison . William Henry Buxton , a ^ ed sixty-one , upon whom an inquest was held , was well known throughout England as the champion quoit player , whom , from bis immense strength and skill , none could successfully compete with . Gosn ^ cicd with highly respectable families , he was in early life possessed of au ample independence , which was soon wasted . Hia i-kill , however , in all spurting matters insured him a good liviDg , and his deportment and manners were
an introduction to every company . At the February Surrey cessions his associations involved him in a case of felony , and he wis sentenced to b < x months ' imprisonment at Brixton . When taken to tha prison he was in excellent health , but the early part of this month he was attacked with iriflimmation of the lungs . He was then admitted into the infirmary , and under the surgeon , Mr . Gardner , he was perfectly cured . A few days after , Mr . Gardner was called up at one o ' clock in tho morning , and on hi-. ; arrival found the deceased struggling on his bod in a most violent manner . He dird within a few hours afterward * , and was never sensible . The jury instituted a rigid inquiry as to the treatment of the dec ased while in the infirmary , and it was proved that he had mutton chops , a pint of porter , tea , toast , and for lunch , beef-tea , grueLor anything he desired .
A verdict of ** Natural death" was returned , and the jury added to it , that the attention paid to him was of the most humane and attentive kind . —The next ca «^ was that of Mary K : ates . She had been a frequent visitor to the House of Correction , and while there her conduct was so good tbut she was invariably excused from the toil of the treadmill , and wae aHowed to woTk in the laundry . In perfect heaHh , she went out to shake a blanket , and returned very ill . Medical assistance was instantly procured , for Mr . Gardner happened to be in the gaol , but she died almost mptaDtly . In this case also a verdict of " Natural death" was returned . The superintendentregistrar statea , in anwer to fluestions put by the jury , that tbe average amount of deiths was II in the prison , and 21 in the neighbouring pauper establishment .
Shipwbec * of Thirty six "Vessels . —By the Britaunia steamer , from Mew York , which * rrived at Liverpool on Sunday last , accounts have been received at Lloyd ' s of the total loss of thirty-six vessels , several of which wore fine packet ships , laden with cargoes of merchandise and other valuable property , and many lives are supposed to have perished . Tlie subjoined particulars are extracted from a letter received by the underwriters * from Liverpool : — Among the mosi important is that of the loss of ihe Hercules , belonging to Liverpool , nearly 1 , 000 tons burden ; Commander , Captain Postil ; valaed , with her cargo , it is stated , at £ 30 , 000 . She was bound to Mobile , and was wrecked near the entrance of the harbour of that port , occasioned , it was reported ,
tn » heavy gale driving the ship on a dangerous shoal , where she subsequently went to pieces . We are , however , happy to say , that the whoie of the crew and passengers were saved by the boats , and that some part of the materials have bten brought ashore . Tho ship , it is thought , ia insured in the United States . —The next recorded is that of another fine shio , belonging to the fame port—the Conservative , 242 tons burden , Captain Lord . She sailed from Nowhavea to the Capa ot Good Hope , with a general cargo , and was lost in Saldanha Bay previous to the 10 th of March ; part of her contents washed ashore . Respecting the fate of her unfortunate crew , there are little doubts but that they all perished : however , it is but right to
give publicity to the following fact : —Letters dated the 1 * 0 i-h March express a hope that they landed on the beach soon after the ship struck , as the boats were found upon the beach uninjured ; but there is no mentioning of the oars being discovered in or near them . Another letter , of a much later date , from tbe Cape of Good Hope , however , Btates that it was much feared they had all met with a watery grave in attempting to land , nothing having been beard of them . The ship is stated to be fully insured . About the same time another large vessel , named the Mary Ann , St . Mary ' s Bay , Yarmouth , lor Grand Manan , was totally wrecked at Long Island Bay . Seventeen of the crew perished with her . The ship Saphire . from Salem , foundered in the
course of the same month , off the Bahama Bank ; crew saved by the long boats . —The Clyde . from Barbadoee , was lost in the early part of April , on the Islands of Canker . She was a valuable vessel , belonging to that port ( Barbados ) , bound to L * Guayra , —Another packet ship , called the Great Britain , from Newport to New York , was lost in the same month , while on her passage to that port . The vessel foundered in tet . 48 . ten . 33 . Fortnnately before she went down her crew and pissengers were saved . —On or about the 3 d of April , her Msjfisty ' s ship Spartan , on her passage from England to Vera Cruz , observed the huil of a larnf sirazucr fi , at ! n ^ bottom towards but no murk or ' c-t : r c-juIb lie seen so 8 s to lead to her iaenuty . On the i 8 : h of April , the Caribbean , from
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the Clyde to St . John ' s , Newfoundland , was lost in the ice off Cape Bollard ; crew , passengers , and part of cargo were saved . At St . John's , Newfoundland , during the latter part of March and Apviljthedestruction amongst tbe shipsby the ice was immense . It was OW 1 DS ^ 'he sadden setting in of tbe weather by which all the sailing vessels were frozon in , and afterwards foundered . Among the principal vessels were the Ocean , of Bonavisia , the Henrv aud Mary , the Industry , together with twenty-live others , belonging to the different outports . lu one instance , the captain and erew amounting to fourteen menwere
, drowned . In addition to the above awful catalogue of disasters , we regret to announce the loss of the barqae Vere , belonging to Poole , Captain Badock , 460 tons burden ; she was on a voyage to New Brunswick , and her wreck occurred during a heavy snow storm on the 29 : h of March , on Campbell's Islands ; her crew were saved . The Trinidad packet , belonging to Liverpool , from Demerara , is supposed to be lost ; she loft the latter-mentiou ( d port on the 18 th of February ; she was a fine brig , 206 tons burden , commanded by Captain Lamb , and had a rich cargo on board of sugar , rum , and molasses .
Rebecca . Again . —Tbe offences eomaitfced by ' Rubeccaand her daughters" are daily growing more frightful , and not a single depredator has as yet been discovered . Each week we have to publish one or more instauces of aggreision against the law by the destruction of turnpike gates and toll-houses , but it is with regret that we Jearn that their depredations have unfortunately not been confined to tho dtitruotiou of the gates—fire has been brought to aid them in their destructive and revengeful course . Last Friday Llanfihangol-gate . near St . Clear's , was demolished by a mob . ofmeu , disguised as usual iu women ' s clothes , who were , however , disturbed in their operations by the pawing of the Pembroke mail . They placed sentinels on each side of the road , and immediately the mail had passed they finished their work of destruction . Ou Monday
afternoon the plantation of Mr . T . Powell , of Penycoed , were discovered to have been set on fire , and the wind blowing freshly , before asaiatanco could be obtained to extinguish the lire four aores of valuable young trees were burnt . It fortunately happened that a great deal of furze had been cut from tho plantation during the winter , otherwise nothing could have saved the whole twenty-two aores of plantation from being destroyed . On Monday night the gate in tho town of St . Clsar ' s shared tho fate of the others . Although a reward of £ 150 and a free pardon , have been offered by the Government , not a niugle accomplice hay been taken , and the riotous conduct of " Rebecca and her daughters" ha ^ grown daily wore alarming . Something must speedily be doue to stop these shamoful proceedings or the consequences may be move dreadful than can now be imagined . — Welshman .
Electric Telkgiuph . —The velocity of Wheatstone's messenger has reached a maximum which can safely be said of but few human things , and we ought to be satisfied , as we know that the speed is about 120 , 000 miles per second—that , therefore , a meFsage could go to Bristol or Birmingham iu 1 , 1400 th of a second , or round the globe , if wires could be laid for its travelling upon , iu one-bixth of a second . The messages upoa the Blaokwall railway , upon part of the Gyeat Western Railway , and some other railways , are carried at this extraordinary rate . The bells in the House of Commons are ruug by it , and its uses are extending .
At the Repeal meeting held at Mullingar on Sunday last , the Catholic Bishop of Ardagh made a long speech in favour of repeal , and announced that he expressed the sentiments of all the Catholic Bishop 3 . The repeal rent for the week declared at the last meeting in Dublin amounted to £ 696 12 i 4 d .
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NOTTINGHAM . —Political Victim Fund . — All persons who have collecting books for tho above fund are respectfully requested to forward the amount of their subscriptions forthwith , as a balance of £ 15 is still due to the treasurer . 1 OUGHBOROUGH . —On Monday evening , Mr Skevington addressed a large assembly in the Market-place . CAMBER WELL . —The Chartists met as usual on Tuesday evening . After the business of the societ j was gone through , to the satisfaction of the members present , Mr . Sevvell gave an excollent lecture upon tho six points of the Charter . One new member was enrolled . Tiic meeting adjourned until next Tuesday evening .
HOUSE OF COMMONS—Wednesday , Mvy 17 . The Speaker entered the House at the ussal hour , but there being only eighteen Members present , aa adjournment twk place till Thursday .
Thursdav , May 18 . Some time was spent in the presentation of petitions , and in obtaining replies from Government on different questions . Mr . Shark an Crawford then rose to move , pursuant to notice , for leave to bring in a Bill to secure the full representation of the people , and to shorten the duration of Parliament . He supported hi * motion by historical precedent , as well aa general reasoning ; admitted the groat damage which had been done to 'he cause by the violent aud imprudent conduct of the Charfis's ; alluded to the
coincidence of his opinions with those which had been advocated by the Duke of Richmond upwards of sixty years ago ; aud pleaded that the changes which he sought constituted not revolution bat real reform , by restoring to the people their just rights , and giving them thereby effectual controul over the abuses and extravagancies both of legislation and ex ecutive government . His plan is for Annual Parliaments , extension of the Suffrage to eveiy sane man of twenty-one years of age , with other changes analagou * to what are called the five or six points of the Charter .
Mr . Williams seconded the motion . The Reform Bill , he said , had b ? en insufficient for its objects . The country was now governed by the same Ministers , and on the same principles , and at the same or a greater expense , as before the Reform Bill . Seats in Parliament were bought and 6 old now as thenonly that now , instead of paying patrons , you paid little knots of corrupt electors . Those who thus obtained the seats bought only how to get something for their money . All tho acts of the House went in direofc opposition to the desires of the people , whoso condition was now worse than ever . There were at this moment five boroughs , returning ten members , by 1 . 088 persons in all . The only way to save the country from a great convulsion was a timely reform in tho represeutation .
Mr . Curteis declared himself in favour of the ballot and triennial Parliaments . He eiipported this motion in some degree from curiosity , to see how the proposed remedies could be worked out . Mr . Fielden 6 aid , that among the people there was a want of confidence in tho House . That reason had been assigned by Lord J . Russell as a ground for his Refo Bill , and why was it not an equally good groiu tor this motion ? The chargr-s on the people were increased in England , and ia lre-J ? nd there had been a coercion bill and a poor law . Twenty , millions had been given to slave proprietors .
who had no right to a shilling . There would be no good till the people had the choosing of those who were to make the laws . At present , the House of Commons spurned the people like dogs when they applied for any redress of their grievance * ; and the responsibility of Mich conduct was become so heavy , that it was no longer worth Ihe while of a man to sit in the House of Commons . The House had ) o * t the respeot of the people , and therefore n wa 3 that they had ceased to petition . There was the Corn Law ; no one could support that , on any principle of junioo . It would not be possible to go on long with these modes of governing .
Mr . Ward thought , it would be a benefit to the House to have a certain infusion , of the working classes , and held it his bounden duty to support , this motion . Let any man analyse the division list of last Monday , and ho would see that more than threefourths of the majoriiy belonged to classes interested in the vote th * y gave . He would not go so / ar as to admit Uutvr . rsikl Suffrage ; but he did thipk the fra&ohise ui'ght bo much further extended .
General Johnson thought the Housj of Commons a great , deal worse now thau it was betore the Rnform Act . The Whig Ministers had boasted that th < y had put down the Chartists ; but-the tact , on the contrary , was , that the danists had doubled their numbers . The people were determined not to rest satisfied with the present constitution of Parliament . He complained of the pressure of the income-tax . Nobody who was not content that Parliament should remain unaltered ought tqgjppose this motion . ^
Mr . Rods said he could not conscientiously vote for this motion ; so monstrous were the doctrines which he had heard avowed in some of the manufacturing districts , and with which the success of this motion would teud to deluge the House . But , as he did not approve the present system , he would not vote at all . Sir R . Peel animadverted on the inconsistency of Mr . Ross ' s course , and considered himself to be treating the motion and the mover more respectfully , by a fair avowal of his intention to ppose
them , i Every one of the topics embraced in the schemeof the mover would take a debate by itself , and he , therefore , must decline any lengthened discussion on a proposal comoiuing them all . He would say , however , that if every individual had an abstract right to an tonsil voice , he could not understand how the continuance of a House of Lords should be tolerated . According to most of tho speeches in this debate , there wa < very little tncouragement to proceed with ref' -rm ; indeed , after so many opinions pronouncing the unTeformed Parliament to have bern a er .-us < : cn \ betur than : he It- -cmud , the natural coiic ' usion seemed ra'fier lo be that we . 'ought to repeal the Reform Bill and
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re-enact the old constitution . He reviewed Mr . Fieldea's enumeration of grievances , demonstrating that they were unconnected with the Constitution of Parliament , aud declared bis conviction that the pUn of the mover would be t '» md in practice altogether incompatible with the existing constitution . * Mr . T . Duncohbe had never heard , amoug the working ola c , the monstrous destrints arcributed to them by Mr . Ro- % . AH thy wanted wa ^ equality of pilitical rights , and to that they were entitled . Ob rrving upou the absence of < ne Whi ^ s from this deba'e , he said it was no b is , inc s of his to api ! ' <> : se for them ; but he supc ^ cd that m
Sir Robert r " e : l had adapted their doctrines of irc 9 trade , they thought they might safrly tru- ; t him with their doctrines of finality . He " agreed that th « re f ormed House of Commons ha < i done little enough for the country . The chief ameliorations had b . n made by tbe unreformed Parliament—the R ^ man Catholic Relief Bill , the repeal of tho Test Act , nay , the Reform Bill itself . Tne only great thing done by the Itrformrd Parliament wa ~ 'he slave emancipation ; but : thurt it was very ea * y to do great things with 20 , 000 , 000 . of money . F ^ r h » U that prifu he wou'd even undertake to brin << over the country gentlemen on the question of tbe com law . Dr . Bowring contended for universal suffrage .
Mr . Muntz said a few words about the cumncy , and , as to this motion , esprcsed his conviction that if the pop ! e ' s condition were made ms > re comfortable , they would not troublo themselves about politic ? . Mr . Ferrand complained of the hardships inflicted on the working classes by the truck system and the Poor Law . Mr . Stansfifld believed that tho extension of the suffrage would tend to increase the itifl'iencs of the higher classes . He regretted that ho could not sapport this plan . Lord John Mannehs oppo ~ cd the motion . He believed that in proportion as political power was extended to the popie , their physical and moral state was deteriorated . After a few words from Mr . Trelawney ,
Sir Walter James observed upou the inter failure of that Reform Bill which had been c-itried by means of so much gross delusion upon the p ? ople . To render this House more deuaocratical than it now was , would be to reproduce the misch evous state of things which exited undtr the late M . > nintryt whose bills on so mauy important subjects were pasted by tho Commons and rejected by the Lords ; aud it would reuuee the Sovereign to the position of a mere first magistrate . He thought , however , that the wealthier ranks ought to make large sacrifices in which he was very willing to share . During the war , the working people weromuch relieved by the operation of the paper currency , which tended to shift the weight of taxation upou the shoulders of the rich .
Mr . Hindlfy was indignant to he ^ r a profession of solicitnde for the working classed from members who supported tho prrsent Poor Law . He did not think that John , and Henry had a right to mak ^ laws , aud call on J * mea and William to obey them . Mr . Crawford replied , and the House divided—For the motion 32 Against it 101 Majority against it ...... 69 Mr . Roebuck then moved a resolution , in disapproval of any plan of National Education that should attempt to inculcate peculiar religious opini us . This led to a debate , in which Sir James Graham , Mr . Shiel , Mr . M . Milnea , Mr . Ha m * , Sir R . H . Inglis , and Mr . Evvart took part . After which the House divided—For the motion ~» 60 Against it 156 Majority ... 96
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Bury . —Anniversary Sermons . —Garden Street RoaM —The Rev . Wm . Hill will preach the anniversary sermons of the Christian . Church at Bury , assembling at Garden-street Riom , on Sunday , May 21 &c , in the afternoon and evening . Bolton . —Mr . Hill preaches at Bolton on Monday evening . Rochdsle . —Mr . Hiil preaches at Rochdale on Tuesday evening . Leeds District . —Mr . Wm . Bell , of Heywood , will ieeture ac tbe following tplaces during the next week- Wortk-y and Armley , Monday ; Hoibeck , Tuesday ; Woodhouse , Wedueaday ; Hunslet , Thursday ; aud Morley , Friday . Mr . Bell will lecture in the Chartist Room , tomorrow eveiitng at half past six o ' clock .
A coupsk of lectures on Mei-mero- Phrenology are now beijig delivered iu tbe a-beve lioom , for tho joint benefit of Dr . M'Douall and the phf nologioal class in this town . The next will be delivered ou Tuesday and Thursday evenings at eight o'clock . Leeds . —Dr . Lees , Editor of the Temperance Advocate , will lecture in the Chartist Ruocn , Cheapsiiie , on Monday evening , at eight o'clock , subject , — Chartism , the poiitloal aspect of Chrisiiauity . Holbkck Moor- —A Chartist Camp Meeting will be hclu at this place to-morrow afternoon , at two o ' clock , when Messrs . Boll , of Heywood , aud Gammago , of Northampton , will address the meeting . Holbeck . —Mr . R . G . Gammage will leoture in the Association Room , Holbeck-bridge , oa Sunday evening at half-past six o ' olook , on tho land and its capabilities ,
Mr . B . Walker , member of the Literary Institution , Armley , will deliver two lectures on Mesnaoro Phrenology , oa Monday and Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for the benefit of the Association . Admission two-pence . Bradford . — ihe Chartists of Little Horton vriH mset iu iba School Room , Park-place , on Sunday morning at nino o ' clock . The Chartists of the central locality are requested to meet on Sunday morning , at nine o ' clock in the council room , Butter worthVbuilflings . The Chartists of Wapping will meet on Sunday morning , at nine o ' clock , at the usual place of meeting . The Chartists of Bowling Back-lane , will meet in their room , on Sunday morning next , at ten o'clock .
The Chartists of Middletoti-fields will mept at the house of George Sedgwick , ou Saturday evening at eight o'clock . On Sunday evening a lecture will be delivered in the Large Room , Butterworth's-buildinys , at . seven o'clock . Subject , — Will a Repeal of the Legislative Union between England and Ireland , based on sound principles , be beneficial or injurious to the inhabitants of the British Empire ? Free admission—discussion invited . Keismley . —A delegate meeting will he holden in the Working Men ' s Hall , Sun-street , Keighley , on Sunday , the 28 th of May , at ten o'clock in the forenoon , for the purpose of better organizing the district , asd for the transaction of other important business . Delegates are particularly rcquosted to attend from every locality iu the distriot .
A Chartist Camp Meeting will be held on Sunday afternoon , at Studley Pike , adjoining the monument that was erected in commemoration of the peace of 1815 , which is situated cen » ra ) ly between Todmorden , Hcbdenbridge , Sowerby , and Ripponden ; the friends residing at the two last mentioned places are most earnestly requested to attend . Mr J . West and other friends will address the meeting , whioh will commence at two o ' clock . Mr . R . G . Gammage will leoture at the following places during the next week : —Dewsbury , Monday ; Huddersfield , Tuesday ; Lockwood , Wednesday ; Honley , Thursday ; Holmfirtk , Friday and Sunday .
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IRELAND . ( From the Times correspondent . ) Ddbun , May 16 . —Th » Agitation . —The recent Ministerial declarations , although rather roughly handled by the Metropolitan organs of repeal , appear to have excited a far fuller measure of indignation throughout the provinces . The various local journals teem with diatribes of the most dangerous tendency ; and sentiments are freely broached , which in the iucipt < nt state of the agitatioa , might h « ve been ( however discreetly ) passed over as worthless specimens of native bombast , but which must be regarded at the present crisis as the natural result of culpable apathy in . a quarter where it was least expected . A provincial paper of Saturday , supposed to be the organ of Dr . M'H * le , thus refers to the allabsorbing topic : —
"The demand for justice of nine millions of people is to be droifted in the roar of artillery , and that whioh was ditied by blood is to bo upheld by slaughter ; Wellington and his sanguinary allies are ready ' to cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war , ' but wi'h all their legions at their back they are doomed to discomfiture and disappointment . The game of coercion was played before the Catholic Association wa ? suppressed , but what was the resultl —that body , under the magic hand of the man who now guides the destinies of his country , sprang into a
more vigorous existence , and Wellington and Peel were coerced" themselves to terminate the struggle , not by ihe slaughter of the Irish people , but by the concession of their rights . Thus will the present also end , and the people of Ireland , by peaceable and detbraiiutiU resistance to oppression , will again triumph over Peel and Wellii » g . on , and compel them < ncf nvre to beon . a tvaitors to then * o ^ n principles . We i ^ eac a ^ ain , the time iscoaie t'j tr > men's soul ? ' , and the lime is couie when physical lurce is to be
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encountered by moral force , and when every f : , -hroan should u o on the &de of his country If w .- ; : r e invaded , probably Arthur Duke of Wellington will in person kad the invaders of his native iard ; itid if he should , way if he caught cold frora the sea voyage , or if the cliTiate disagreed with him , or if any of thove accidents which flesh in heir to pro uited fatal consequences fo a man of his a-fvnucea ag < -. 973 would , bad as he i s , ba charitable enough to affA .-rd him . a grave . " Ia the same paper ( the Tucm FlerulJ ) appears a vivid description of a repeal meotiug held in the evArmeraoraMe viilage of " Aughrim , " from which an abridged account may not be without interest as a specimen of the " spirit" of the agitation : —
, * ' On Sunday last a numerous meeting of the parishes of Aughrim and K' ! connoll was held at the Chapel yard . Aughrim , for the purpoeo o ' - ' appointing wardens and arrangiug for the collection of the repeal rent . A miajbt-rof respectable persons from Bcllimt ° Ioe were present , nnd seemed to take ^ ieit intor- ^ t in the proceeding . The ve . ntrattjd and patriotic parish priest of Aughriui , the Rev . Mr . Manning , m an eloquent address , rxplainoc ! the o'bj .-cf of the meeting . an < i impressed t : pan iha people f-he necessity of the a ' -riettst . observer us uf th * l . iws .
The assembly was alt-o addressed t > y Mr . J . Dillon , of Caher , and in glowing terms by that di « tin ^ -ir , ncd and unshrinking patriot , Mr . N . Boylan , ju ^ i « " » of the peace , Hilton-house , couuiy of . Meatli . The whole scene W 33 one of the deepest interest—calling up proud r < = eollect : ifB 3 cf the past , and full of high promise of the future . Who could , ' ook without pmotioa on the hill of Kiloomme-laD , wlipre 18 0 O 0 unJi % - ciplined and badiy-armed / n ' sh defeated 27 , ( 'OO veterans , furnished with all ihu munitions of war , and flushsd with the victories ihey had wou ou : h- battle fields of Frauce and Holland ? But who vrou'd not
feel proud to be an Irishman when he beheld the pa ? 3 of Ur&chree , where 2 , 500 Irish horse completely defeated 8 , 000 of toe flower of European chivalrr—French Hujronots , Dutch , and Dani-h guara . s with several ehoseu residents of English Dre ^ non * ? Well mifcht at . Ruth exclaim , in the hour of triumph , that he would ' driv 3 the English to the ga , t' ; d of Dublin ! ' Never did men , inferior in numbers and arm" ? , obtain a more complete victory over the enemies of their country and kiBg , till rot bed 0 '' k by
chance through the dpa ? h of their commander . And that scene was full of promise of future indep' -Tt < t e-iice to Ireland—proving that tbe voice of freedo's : had reached < he mo ? t retired parts of our island . Yes in every quarter of the country the spirit of nationality is anim .-itin £ the masses . Deeply and ateud'iy ia the mighty tide of popular f ' eeJing advancing on ward ; nor is it 'he leas irresistible for wanting tho storm and foam upon its surface , which , on former occasions , generally characterized similar movements in Ireland . "
The Mr . Dillon alluded to in the foregoing 13 a gentlf man at' high respectability in th » eou-. sy . and he is , moreover , if I mistake not , a rcceni auxiliary to tho ranks of the repealers . The b « ards of guardians , too , are da y b > coming infected with the repeal mania . The Abb .. yl « ix board has already declared in favour of £ . hem ^ . iiure ; and the miardians of the Dundgik Uiiiou ., having taken umbrage at the refusal of the commissioners to dismiss the clerk for the high offence of being
connected with an anti-repeal party , " are abnut to tread in ths footsteps of their ftie ^ n ' s county brethren . One of the guardians gavo notice on tho last day of meeting that , "in consequence of toe letter from the commissioners ( above alladtd to ) he would move at their next sitting , that they should discuss the repeal of the unfon , and ! jhat a petition from the board be forwarJ' -d to Parliament for the repeal of that measure . " This is another practical proof of the stimulus given to the agitatioa by the working of the odious Poor Law .
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THE SLAVES' DISARMING BILL . We need no longer ask , will thero be a Coercion BH 1 ? Here it is . What means disarmament but coercion ? What means defencolessnesfi but slavery ! The fathor does not disarm his son , not th « triend wring away the defence of his frieoa ; but the robber disarms hi .- victim , and the pirate nails down tha hatches that he m . ty butcher unr-usisted . To carry arm 9 is the ultimate guarantee of life , property , and freedom . To be without the power of resisting oppression is to be a slave . Whai matter thar , with delusive words , your ruler says he will not riflo your altars , nor pollute your hearths—what matter that , your toaler boasts his power to protect you , aad fliu . riBh « . s his weapon before your cell I Arms and liberty are synonymous . If you see aa unaroie / d and an armed man togothor , you instantly conclude that the one is a prisoner , the othar a guard . Arms are tho badges of freemen . He who is unarmed will soon be in chains .
Disarmament aud slavery were convertible term& in every age . Tiie conquering barbarians lorbade the Romans to carry arms ; the Normans forbade the Saxons to earry arms ; the Spauiards tore their arms from t !; e Anicrjeans ; the English took arms from Ireland whenever they dared . Irish disarmament has ever been the first step to plunder and tyranny . Cromwell disarmed us , and rwenty years t > f Ejjyp'ian bondage followed . The first act of the heIhsli Penal Code , under which wfl winced ia a bloody du ^ gton for eighty years , waa ap . Arms' Bill . The Volunteers extorted inc ? . pendouce b > arms , and ero the system of terror which forced ou the insurrection wp . s be ^ un , an Anna' Bill was passed . Arms' Bills and Castlereaah—ruin and despair—were upon usikring the rtign of the abominable Regent , George . An Arma' Bill was the leading law of coercion by the Whigs , and now the Torie = open their campaign a « aiust our ri 8 ) Li ( hopes with an Arms' Bill !
An Arm 3 Bill—there is a curge in the name . Aa Arms' Bill—pah ! why not give it its right name » S a very Bill ! Call it a Bill to prevent M ^ istance to tyranny—call it a Bill to ullow an old enemy to rob , crush , defame , and trample upon us for ever—for ever , or till some stranger , half in pity , half in contempt , steps in and smites our oppressor . An Arms ' Bill —a Bill to take away the means whereby men protect homes and altars , free speech , free industry , free worship—a Bill to place us at , the mercy of a tyrant , and thai is " £ he definition of slavery . " Why stop short w fh branding arms ? Why not brand ourselves ? Why not with equal propriety imitate the Grecian conqueror , and mutilate as I The best an ^ moBt natural Arms' Bill would be ono to cutoff our right hands ; but no , we must do tne work as well as bear the chains of bondamen—we must be unmutilate-d slaves .
By this iufaciou 3 Bill , no man can keep arms of any sort , or any thing which can be used as arms , without first getting a certificate from two householders rated to tht ; poor above £ 20 , and then getting the leave of th « Jug' ices—that is to say , arms are to be denied to all not relished by'he aristocratic minions of an alien Government . The arma are to be branded ; and cannot be removed sold or inherited , without fresh licences . Every act relating to them , every conversation * aye , conversation respecting them , iu whieh y « n do not tell ail yon are asked by the pettiest myrmidon , subjects you to penalties .
The penalties may be judged by one . To have a pike or 6 pear , or ' instrument serving for a pike or spear , —a pitchfork , or hoe , a long kaiie , or a , dibble , tor example—is an offence pnniahable with transportation for toven years ! Blacksmiths must rake out licences like those for keeping arms , under the name tremendous penalties . Domiciliary visit ? are allowed &u >\ or . ered . Nay , whenever a magistrate wills it . he can g « , or seid hia gang of policemen to break into our homes at Dight by force ! tbe preteD&e mu&t he search for arms ; the motive may and will fie insult , cruelty , lust , or rapacity . Snspicwn of having arms—uo , we venture to say that the absence of the power of ju ., t veugeaace , will invite the moat frequent visits ! Tf . e voluptuary , the riva ! the malicious enemy , they will suapeot , and they will invade our homes .
And , to orown the villany of this Act , if any weapon be found m any house , offioes , or bayard , the occupier shall be deemed guiJty of a miedem anour uuless he shall prove his innocence—a provision the best devisee of any yet . introduced , from the days of Cromwell to those of Castlereagh , for encouraging treachery and perjury , excitiug and rewarding a bloody and lying vengeance , and producing that disconteat which woultt make revolution inevitable if it became law . We now call on the English Legislature , to panse ere they enact this code—this wicked , subtle and san . Kujua . ry code . We call on our friends abroad to uote well the sort of laws whereby Ireland is governed . We call upon such Irishmen as still think we can endure a foreign Government to strain their ingenuity and influence against this BUI ; if they tail , the prospect may be stern , but the course wiU be simple—time , prudence , energy !— The Nation
Deaths.
DEATHS .
On Thursday week , at Sheffield , after a ghort iIImms , aged 29 years , Mr . George Wright of thai place . His firm adherence to the principles of Democracy both m public and private life , is aa example which every lover of his country should imitate . Cobbett , tbe son of JahU 3 Dalby , Victoria peblia house , Eccleshill . The boy fell into a pan of boiling liquor , a few days previous , and lingered ' in great agODy till death . * ft On Saturday last , at Keighley , after a lingering ilness , Mr . Taos . B . Knowles , of that place . His remains
were interred on Tuesday , and sLiimded to their long home by a large number of frieucs and relatives . During the number of years he has resided in Keighiey , he haa bean an able advocate of tho cause of liberty , and hia merits , as a . Chartist leotiuer , have been well known and hiahly estimated throujchoat thin part of the country . Tha repeated attarka onhia health , through ths rapture at bloe . d-vc ^ s'iU , gradually weakened his constitution . Eb retailed , last yearfroma , visit fo America , siroe wb-ch nine his nealtn iifs b ^ i * \ v . » r ., o Lat . tibua ! , i ; r . d ht , haa now finished : ns uir ly .. ar ^ r * l the early ago 0 ! fchirtr . lcaviag a pre ^ nuut wti ' e to lament ni * iosa .
Untitled Article
^ THE NORTHERN S TAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1213/page/5/
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