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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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EMIGRATION . -WHEBE TO , AKD HOW TO PROCEED . jCOTES OF -1 IOTJB THSOCGH A POBTIOS OF CAXADA , J 3 SD SSTSBAX OP THE STATES OP JtOBTH . UTERI CA , PAKUGinASlT TBS STATES OP MASSACHUSETTS , 2 LHOD 2 ISLAM ) , HEW TOBX , yESSSTiTAJOA , OHIO , 3 OCH 1 GAK , ILXJSOIS , fTISCOSSIS , ASD JTEV JERSET , TJSDEKlAKBa TPIXB A T 2 XW OF A 5 CERUU 2 n > 'G THE DBSIRABIL 1 IT * OB . OTHERWISE , OF EMIGRaTIOS ; i 2 O ) TO JUDGE OF THE BEST LOCaTIOX , POB X 5 GL 1 SH EK 1 GRAXT 3 , THOM ACTBAX OBSXBTATI 03 . jjf 1 AWBEK OE JPHKBTHI . Y , rf HodSeisfield . fGta&itted Jrtm . ow iarf Veen ' s paper , )
MQytEW&SD PASSAGE . Th ^ esdat , Frxdat , and Satobdai , never ont of bed-SC 5 BAX , 3 ih>—3 > nrlng the last three days ana sights 3 bxTe not been on my legs ; I have not been washed or xasvea *; and -what food I have taken was given without xjcsjdsrafion lor my iThieiw . 5 Iy weakness rapidly increased ; and I fell Into what seemed more like a fcoipor than any state I can describe ; hut , even so » tujied , my mind was fixed upon the agents , owners , captain , and the -whole crew of pickpockets and destroyers uf their species who had bo crammed ihis Email vessel v to make the air-we breathed all bnt xs bad as that jn the black hole of Calcutta ; -while the ventilation "was jya © means to be compared to the common slavers on the coast « f Guinea . Oar condition-was truly » bhorent jo Iranian nature . Ssvol&ig scenes "were constantly pccnmng in thiB den among the passengers ,-which J can not
descnbe-The -wind continned JaTottrabla This ¦ was my only eoasolation . We confirmed in onr coarse mnning at the rate » f sine ox ten knets an honr . This kept hope span Slewing . Yesterday , an Irishman , -who -went by the sobriquet of « Hine Uncle , " from ~ M vni » iy . l Point , Illinois , had his box crashed from the top of the hencoop on to the deck : and * jrithefall Hie cover was knocked « fE His clothes , -which verecf considerable valne , and his money ,-which con-Ested , he stated , of Bank of England notes to a conooerable amount , and also a draft for a goodly sum , irere "washed into the sea . A number of passengers who aJepl in Uie hen-coop were-nearly drowned . They were 3 n da far of being washed overboard . The inhumanity of the money-grabbers caused them to be so placed .
Toe storm abated ; and with great difficulty and con-Eflerable pain I reached the deck , and at all risks resolved to" keep out of the " Calcutta hole . " Two ships were in sight in the distance , to our right . An Irish girl , of lather respectable appearance , ¦ whom a poor sick old woman had entrusted with the key of her box , stole the money she had received of her son tojpay her passage home from laverpooL Being threatened , she tardily admitted the fact , and shufled a portion of the money from some part of her clothes , snd promised to borrow the remainder n « xt -day ; it ¦ w as produced .
I mentioned at a former period that some rogues had remained on board through a subscription at New York . One of them , after knocking down Roche ' s clerk , -was , insteadof feeing taken ashore and to justice , allowei to proceed on the payment of three dollars . This villain new bought books , whisky , * c- and paid money for them ; of course he must either hare had it whea the * nb ? acripUon was made , or have robbed Ms fellow-passen gers ; possibly thcwe ^ ery persons who subscribed to pay lor him . I had sufficient pvoof that many do pass and jei » ss * om loverpool to 2 few York , for no other object than plnnclfir , ana . as they call it , " a spree . " * 3 I 05 DAT , 2 » th- —The weather mild , with wind tolerably fair . T » find means to write a few notes is » H but impossible , in consequence of the crowd and Eedley , fflih and misery . The state of the ship is such , that to obtain a position where to have good air and be cot of a crowd is ntxt to Impossible .
I hare just oTerheard Mr . Bobinson relate to a few of theother cabin passengers , that lord Jdorpethiad , as % compliment , been presented to the bar at a place of some note in Kentucky ; -and that the ladies had shsrged him with © ooris&Hess . Mr . Bobinsan had been informed that his lordship had , while seated in the company of ladles , placed his back against the wall , and east iis feet over the back of a second chair . This was considered very rode , liordsjabonld be careful what they do in snch places . TCXSDAT , 11 th . —We were nearly becalmed this morning . I was-rery much indisposed ; and as to taking ramnteB it was wholly ont of the question . Conse-Bnently many particulars must be passed over .
I ought to ha-re observed that on Sunday my bedmate , who professed to be a gentleman , and on coming on board he had something of that appearance , had told some of the passengers that he had an income of £ 170 ; and to others he said he had £ 350 per anrmm nritnng from a flour mill , a starch -manufactory , and other property ; be those this& as they may , Is wa » evident that he had an inordifiate penchint lot onions , tobacco , and every description of ardent spirits . Weil , on Sunday , ce got excesavElyilrnnk , and kicked np a great distsrbar . ce . Be moulded , in a perfectly ogigmal style , the most jnrpnang oaths , and sent them forth ont of a month ¦ which seemed to take an entire new form for the express purpose . They came ont with amazing force and velocity , TuQey after Tolley in rapid succession , which esasedsome of the godly to qnake with terror , whDe
clhsn felt assured that the ship izmst go down . Tie Hlow staggered , reeled , and tumbled down upon the boxes , exclaiming at the top of his -roice , in a peculiar tone : " Oierland , the holy cross , and Dan for ever ! God d u , and eternally 6 ^ -n Sir Robert Ped and the Tory Government J and eternally d n all Urn Tories J and < Jod bless Daniel OConnelL Q—d i n Peargns O'Connor . " He emphatically declared , fiiat if Daniel OConnell would tdl him to pnt a tisp , meaning light straw , into any man ' s house he trmld born it down—thai if he wamld ask him to ihool any rmm } he would do it—that if he asked ; Mm to go to hell , he would go to helH and swore j many friphtfni oaths that no -one could be a chris- fi « n TTriiftipi he possessed the sign of Use cross . Sis conduct seemed to gall hia hrother Calholics hoi so : esbrt of others ConM stop the torrent until it was ^ ex- i
iuBsted . Wxdxesdat , 12 th ^—A « ala day , and I hare been i&B to get ont of the black hole , called the second « bm . Had I not , 1 mast TEry soon haTe been the food oT fishes . A fish caned a skipjack was caught to-day . It was somewhat like a mackerel , but thicker , and of a more fiJray hne ; it we ^ hed abont 2 Iba . Theesdat , 13 th . —The wind gotnp Sis afternoon , saa helped ns once more on onr eonjse .
There was a great stir to-day in the steerage , and smong the Bteerage passengers on deck . Charges and counter charges , trrinijT » aft ^ n and recrimination , attack znd defence , cnxsng , swearing , every thing but blows , were resorted to , and the utmost excitement preriSed during the -whole day . The pickpockets and plnn-UstexB had , during the night , been rummaging the trunks , barrels , and other packages . The passengers applied to the mate lor a lamp to burn during night , in order that it might be seen by whom and when the depredations were committed ; there was one on board « oted ior the purpose / and jmt of nse . A sort of asseDt w premiss thattbisTerjtelflmg boon should be granted , " as made ; imi , after triling with the feelings of thelpas-Rngers it was TEfnsed . The greater portion of the % aage was as dark in the day as in the night , and the ojportnnity to robbers was only lessened by the watcbnilBess of the people . *
! ^ aiBAT , 14 th . — "UncleSam"hafing been withont « mh , from the drcomstance before statjed , had his j » inpon the ^ oor of the lound-house on deck . He cniag gifsn as a hearty welcome , I took possession rf half Ms bed , where 1 had free air , and was released Iron my " chnm , " -whose onion-eating , sternal smoking , Jna swallowing every kind of spirits he « onld reach , * Ml not washing himseLf , had become most loathsome ¦ Be was constantly begging of pooT families for a share ^ their provisions , in order to sstb his own . 1 tried etaty means in my power to jet rid of him ? bnt to
iopnrpose . Stiekhe would ; and whfle he was engaged " » ith rrery other matter , lie iept brawling with all ^^ ond , especially with the women . The fello-sr has act jmt on one clean article since be stepped on toard . flfihainoltpaafceahia stin , nor shaved himself ; and Is is eo-rered with grease and dirt from head to foot , > M 5 e his unshorn cbin is clotted—O what a filthy log ! 1 onVed to purchase his share of the berth . 1 ^ fered to put anofiier into my place , bnt to no purpose . He parted with no mosey bnt for spirits ; he wonld ^ Kerre none for my accommodation .
Sleeping in the round-house is a great advantage . 3 fce air is not oaly good , iat I am away from that lastly « bnm . The breaa fair and strong , and naming at a good 3 * ie . Satcsj > at , lath . —This is the day 1 had hoped to « in Idverpeql , fwm JfaB ^ ate of the weather at the 'ommencement , and the character of the ship . Bretse strong , bnt carrying ns too far northward- A % port is in circulation that the captain intends run-* ° 5 by the north of Ireland , which would -very much * erease the distance . Sexiux , 16 th . —The breesa continues to drrre tib ^ Bthward . 1 hare so he- zeco-rexed sato be able w * 4 e a little etercbe . At the cooking grate , to-day , one TT ^ fih ^ " * " cut another ¦* ithaheavy bon instrument ; they quarrelled respecting - " * loch had the prior right to occupy the fire .
Much fighting took place to-day from varioHS causes ^ aosDAT , 17 th ^—The wind has Changed . We are * aing ^ ipan Cape Clear , -out proper conrae . The 5 ^ being Tery weak , we are not going " miead . " * e have been oat sear three weekB , and are stall 700 ^« west of Greenwich ; we were only S 00 three days J& with a fair wind . We eonld not gel into port in ** sUaa Qase days . At ^ x pjl ^ the hzeaz approxi-^ ted to a hTrrrirv " , aT >^ continued so till ten . Ibebdat , 18 dk—The storm has kept "np aHxight ; ^ this morning ihe ' main boom waa split away , and * aae aail went overboard . At this moment we are ^ Dg-reryisrf npona rough sea .
4 poor fcHow from Ealkiri is jnst taken ill of fever , ** raves TEay xnnehi there ib very little attention ^ 63 Mm , and scareely one particle rf Byiupathy £ 2 t-
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tendedto him . He is in the steerage , which is even worse than the second cabin . The captain can ! not deign to notice any one , -well or sick , who did notpsy 100 dollars for a cabin fare . When -yery ill indeed , I was three days before 1 could iave 5 little medicine . The Captain wears fine-coloured gloves ba board , and altogether is a very " fine ** man . I W-Bdjtesdat , 1 J > Bl—The morning very * qually , t ap prdftcbing a hurricane , accompanied by some snow . About noon , the weather cleared , the wind on onr bow , or - neariy a-head . About one we saw Cape Clear , and atnightfall we conld distinctly see the light fromithe Cape lighthouse . The night was fine , the moon shining forth in all her glory . The wind beiDg . fair , and the bref is f nil , we made way in grand style . [
THimsBAT , 20 th . —Th » wind continued fair during the night I got np to view the Irish coast The first object of importance was Waterford , our view of which was -reiy iudiotinct . The morning "was exceedingly cold . Indeed it had been ao for several days , i We * oon met a fine steamer , which was reported to be the Caledonia , bound for Boston , but soon learned from the persons on board the Saitese light ship that she was the Cork steamer . ¦ The Caledonia soon passed us in the same direction , last sight a ship passed us , said ^ to be the Rochester , which was appointed to sail two days after us . This was found to be a mistake . We saw a nnmberj of vessels to-day of various szss and classes , all of which we passed . Towards evening the breeze increased , and we were carried forward at the rate of ten knots Ian hoar toHolybeadj which we reached about nineplm . The strong breeze had got ns too close upon the land , nnd we were obliged to tsck .
We have « n board seventeen cabin passengers ; fourteen males and three females . The measurement : of the second cabin is 27 by 21 feet in height The top step of the ladder , by which males and females , adults and children , have to pass to onr department , is 2 feet 4 inches ; and the full extent from said step over a bar to the deck is no less than 4 feet 4 Inches , and which females of all ages have te stride at once in passing tip and down , ThU is another specimen of Yankee decency . A Mr . Hutton , of Jfew York , and a friend of his , both mechanics , made the measurement . The following 1 b a 1 M of the persons crushed into thiB small airless place . A second cabin indeed 2
Berths . Persons , No . 1 Mrs . Midbope , Jin . Gibson and daughter ...... 3 2 Mr- Russell , his wif 6 and child 3 3 Messrs . Woodman , Withams , and Williams ... 3 4 Barbara Bum , Catharine and Ann Roche 3 5 — Potter and another ....... 2 6 Davis , his wife , son , and daughter . 4 7 Button and Gay „ „ 2 8 Mr . Woodman ' s maid and three children ......... 4 9 Ktkethly andBlakey 2 10 Mrs . Woodman and Miss Falls 2 11 Hugh Agnew , and a Yankee .. 2 12 Mrs , Fidler and Miss Agnew 2 13 Halnoayand wife „ 2
14 Field and Fleming ................... 2 15 Mrs . Mac Yean and Mrs . Caithness and child ... 3 16 Berwick and another 2 17 Mr . Macdonald , wife and two children ...... ^ 4 18 Patterson and Maloy „ . 2 19 MimamiHy and Thompson ........................... 2 20 Two men , names unknown— „ 5 21 Woman and daughter ........... . „ 2 22 Woman , Hobson , and child , from Sheffield ... 3 23 Two women ..... 2 24 Man and his wife . 2 25 Thomas and Henry O'Neal and Robert Rosa ... 3 26 S . Black and John Orr 2 27 W . G Shepherd , on the boxes ... 1
65 I leave the reader to calculate how much space is allotted for each person in which to breathe , to eat in , and to sit , after deducting the room for the berths . Many had to eat their meals in bed , Jhej > lace being so crowded , Mr . Hitchcock , who was " done" out of a berth , was pressed by the captain to pay the difference , and take a first cabin berth . Had it been my case I would have had the captain before the magistrates as soon as I got to land . This aged man never had his clothes off during the whole passage ! but sat in ihe corner of the round-house every night and slept as he could . \ When in port , the round-house waa carpeted and in good order . When I paid my fares , the secend cabin was epen and airy ; but in two days after more berths were fixed , and the passage for air closed . Between the first and second cabins there was stowed a large quantity of flour and cheese . The captain was too *• sjTeaf a man to look into the second cabin or steerage ; He never entered either during the voyage . _
The * ' petty" for the steerage passengers waa a ahock-r ing filthy place . ¦ A commercial traveller , was with us , for whom a clergyman of Kew York had engaged a berth Titb the proprietors of the ship , ( with whom he waa personally acquainted , ) for which ha paid twenty dollars , the engagement being that the gentleman was to have all ; his meals in the cabin after the one hundred-dollar pas- ; sengers had taken theirs , and to have a bed in the cabin , This gestltman , bad spoke to the captain , who , ordered ; the steward to get him some tea , appealing to have a dear understanding that the engagement waa as described . Before the next meal was due Captain Bailey had directed ene of his lackeys to inform Mr . Britain that be must eat his meals in the galley or dock . - To this the gentleman quietly submitted ; and
he breakfasted , dined , took t * a and supper with the black cook , the covkeeper , scullions , and hangers-on , in a black box ; and instead of sleeping in the cabin , he had no alternative but to sleep . on the opes deck , exposed to every danger and every storm ; or in a partially covered division of the long boat among a little straw , where all that was between him and some sheep was a thin deal partition not over close in the joints ,. and quite open overtop ! Two persons slept in a sert of recess at the top of the passage to the steerage , where all the stench and breath had to pass from-belp-wJ It surprised me that they could live in it . In one division of the hencoop , which was eLx feet square divided in two compartments , four persons in each .............................................. 8 In the potatoe hole ......... 6
In a recess at the top of the ladder , the only entnaic © to the eteeragfc . 2 On the &oox ot the reund house , sometimes washed with the water .......... 1 To sleep sitting in a comer of the round house , never having had his clothes off his back , his feet during the voyage , and his legs , often so swollen as to prevent him from putting on boots or shoes-.... 1
18 Three sheep and four pigs occupied a position directly under the berths . These animals were only separated from the passengers bj a few open boards ; and every sea we shipped , washed in upoa them . Duncan London , a poor weaver from Paisley , had his box opened and a sovereign taken out , which was all the money he possessed . He was therefore left peanyless . I opened a subscription and obtained a little money for him , and intended to collect more when we got on shore . Being toe busy , I had to lend him menty to pay his fare home . Many were plundered both of money and provisions during the voyaee .
Friday , 21 st . —Got eutof bed at a quarter to four o ' clock in anticipation of being in port to breakfast ; but I found the ship beating against a head wind . She was running in a north-west direction , her proper course being due east . It was exceedingly cold . We had several hail showers . Many vessels were in the channel , several of which passed us , towed by steamers , bound for New York . Several steamers offered their services to tow bs into port , which were refused . However , it was at length agreed that one of thsm should take the cabin passeBgbrs ashore . This was at dusk . I took the opportunity , and got into Liverpool about sine o ' clock , at which I had great cause to rejoice , as I learned when the ship came up next morning , that the Captain and others had gone ashore and taken spirits on board , with ' which many -got intoxicated ; and dancing , singing , fighting , and the most riotous and disorderly conduct was kept up during the night .
This evening X called upon several friends ; and after a sound sleep on shore fe . t much refreshed . SaTTJKDai , 22 nd- —The ship had just got into port ¦ when 1 went do-era this morning , itr . Woodman got a cart and three strong men , s . nd had the luggage taken to the place of inspection , which is called the Depot To save txpsEce and inconvenience , and delay , luggage ought to be examined before it is taken from off the ship , as at Boston . We had to wait a considerable time lor onr turn ; and had to have it carried into s place and opened and searched , then to put up again and return to the cart . This occupied the whole day , till evening . SDSDiT Moesikg , 23 rd . I left by the first train for my friend O'Brien ' s , at Eccles , where 1 spent a pleasant day . - Mosdat , 24 th . —left for Manchester by the first omnibus for that place , attended to some business , and arrived at home in the evening , after an absence of four and a half months .
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HARMONY HALL . lirETIER XVI . TO THE EDITOR OF TUB NORTHERN STAR . Sia , —I have , in this letter , to commence some remarks en the Preliminary Charter , set forth by Mr . Owen ; bat before doing so , I must refer to the letter of Gracchus , in this day ' s paper . I again admit most freely the defect of electing the Presidents , and shall be glad to have pointed out to me bow this con be avoided ; but the difference between the election of an individual in each locality , to form the centre of the Association ; and that of having a number , however well-informed , who may be most conscientiously of different opinions , aa to the mode in which they should proceed , must be admitted by Gracchus to be very different .
A reference to my letters will show that the society I propose to establish will be universal in its objects ; and it is utterly impossible for any society to proceed on universal principles , unless all is done in a spirit of unity . ThiB unity will not admit of the differences of opinion which must inevitably result from elected councils . The more powerful the minds , the more likely are tbey to nentralise each other , and prevent an advance being made . : Gracchus givts a Kst of checks and preventives which are . I too well know , most necessary at present , even
among those who are professedly associated-, for the highest and noblest purposes ; but tbe times will soon imperiously demand far more trust and confidence to be repofftd in those who ; shall lead as from the misery in which all are now involved , to that peace , and happiness which may immediately result from one strong united effort , having the happiness of all in view , directed by persons well acquainted with the sciences of human nature and of { society , acting in that unity which these soiences will ensure , under one strong and vigorous mind .
I am well aware that tbe subjects I am to treat of , and the manner in which , as parts of one great and comprehensive design , I am obliged to write of them , may render me , fora time , difficult to be understood ; bat aa tbe subject progresses , 1 have strong bupe of ren-
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dering it so clear and intelligible to those who will attentively peruse these letters ] , that we shall soan see a clear and distinct path before us , which will lead to the happiness of all . j In the meantime , although I write for universal principles and universal objects , I am well aware of the transition or intermediate processes , through which men ' s minds must ? ass before a desire for them will be general . But we live in no ordinary times : the events of years are now crowding into weeks , and even days . Old things we passing away ; an ' d what appears powerful to-day , is to-morrow weak andl without strength . The human mind is now being greatly expanded , and the confusion of existing arrangements is very evident . Tbe rulers of the people are in many respects far behind them in intelligence ; and when the great body shall shall have learned how to organise their strength , on sound principles of equal justice to all , they may immediately begin to enjoy everything necessary for their comfort , well-being , and happiness .
If we look to the events of the past week , wo shall find that there are very strong indications of the Government being unable much longer to carry forward the common business of the ( country ; and I would seriously oak whether , as friends of order , we are at all prepared to advise what shall be done for oar own preservation . It may be well to ask for such changes as shall prevent our being longer [ under the guidance of those who are incompetent to ( direct onr affairs ; but have we provided , oi are we taking the necessary stepss to provide , any wbe shall do better ? The state of Wales appears likly soon to be as troublesome as that of Ireland ; and if the present stagnation and gloom , which hangs over many large branches of our trade , contiuues ( and there appears little prospect of a favourable change ) ] we may expect Bach convulsions as will not . fail soon to be strongly felt tkrough every portion of the social fabric
I must not , however , continue longer to digress ; my business now la to revert at length to some , points of Mr . Owen's Preliminary Charter , and show their relative importance , when compared , with other objects , which now engage the public ] mind ; and I shall , therefore , commence with the first point , namely—National productive employment for all who require it . I The first duty required , of whoever undertakes the administration of the affairs of this country at the present period , is to find national productive employment for every individual within it who requires such
employment ; and this may be immediately done , at good wages , with tbe greatest possible advantage , both to the employers and the employed . Many of your readers will , I have no doubt , be very much surprised at this assertion ); and wonder if it be true , why such a measure is not adopted : but a little reflection will eoon point out the } reasons . National employment , however desirable , can only be introduced in connection with other measures of vital importance , without which it would tend to increase that financial embarrassment which is now producing such an amount of misery among ] all classes . at few national works
Let us look , however , some , which might immediately be commenced , to give those who require it employment , and at the same time produce advantageous results for [ all . 1 st—The whole country should be forthwith surveyed , as one great estate , by the most practical and intelligent minds , with the view of ascertaining the extent of ita capabilities in every respect , and the manner in which these may be beat developed , in order to provide for the wants of all the inhabitants . This survey to be quite irrespective of the present mode of living , either in towns , villages , jor country residences , as these may all be gradually superseded by far superior dwellings , combining : the advantages of all , which in due time all would desire to remove to .
The survey should also include the estimating of all private property , whether lands , houses , stock , machinery , or any other description ; which should be duly registered , and if required jfor national purposes should be paid for at good fall prieea , . 2 nd—As rapidly as these surveyors could report , which by fixing on some central point of operation , and taking care to employ all tbe practical men who sae disengaged , under one superintending mind , as the chief of this department , might be ! in an inoredible short
space of time ; it would be desirable to place upon tbe land , as nearly as possible ip such occupatiens aa their previous habits have fitted them f « r , all who are unemployed and to give them such ] remunerating wages , as Bhould make them good customers to those who are employed in the other various branches of trade , Whilst they are engaged under the instructions of tbe chief surveyor in carrying out one uniform design of providing a new and superior state ] of existence for man , adapted to the improvements made in every department of science during tbe last century . ?
Under this survey , agriculture , gardening , mechanics , chemistry , in fact every science must be carried to the highest possible extent , for tb « new arrangements ; and the chief thing that will be wanted to accomplish tbe work will be an additional supply of labourers in every department- J 3 rd—Having a clear intelligible plan or system on which to proceed most advantageously and economically , the people on the land should keep ' it continually in tbe highest state of order and cultivation ; and to turn tbe natural advantages we possess to the best account , we should next proceed to build superior dwellings for tbe whole population . These dwellings in the same manner as the cultivation of the soil , should combine the highest inventions of the age ; and should be so
constructed as to contain in each family , such numbers , as shall be best adapted to be systematically employed to produce wealth ; to distribute the wealth justly to all when produced ; to train or educate every individual from birth to death ; and to govern all on terms of equal justice to all . j It would be easy to proceed enumerating other works by which national employment could be given ; but as these would occupy not only the people of this country , but of any others that have an idle population ; and as tbe commencement would give an immediate impetus to every description of trade , I d < fer from pressing a portion of any subject that must be self-evident to all who reflect : and I would here ask what is the impediment to tke task being immediately [ commenced ? To tbia I reply , nothing but a , want of unity in the public mind . The advantages to every individual niubt be so apparent that none can BeriousVy contemplate the proposal without desiring to see it effected : but every one will begin to cry out for its being done in his own
peculiar way ; and it is here that my friend Gracchus , must , I think , see the advantage of ] having no election in practical matters . ( Here is a plain simple plan of giving employment of the most beneficial , healthful , and delightful character to every individual who seeks it—he may have plenty of wages in order that he may create ] a demand for tboae who are now clamouring that we may be allowed this or that mode of producing cheaper , and of exporting to every distant country white our own peopl « are ill fed , ill clothed , ill lodged , and have a gloomy prospect for the future before them . j Some will perhaps ask , " Where is the money to come from that is to pay the wages ? " and in due time it will be for me to shew this , which is as easy as any other portion of the subject . In the meantime I will oak the impatient , " cannot paper , or any other material , equally as well represent labour , © r fixed wealth , as gold and silver ? " The representation of wealth is the only value of money .
Others may perhaps say , " Are we to wait for the completion of a national survey which is only to commence after our present rulers have agreed ] to grant one V To this I would reply we should wait for nothing . Let us use every exertion , but let it be mode in the pursuit of great , noble , and universal objects ! Whilst we content ourselves with petty , trifling ipersoualitie ? , or in pursuing short-sighted and partial measures , we shall find that misery will advance with far more rapid strides than we shall find means to avert it If on the other hand , we can proceed at once to the ] universal ; see in every human being a friend and brother ; and let every thought , feeling , and impulse , be directed to the promotion of the happiness of all , then , ! and flot till then , will man begin to know in what his individual selfinterest truly consists . \
Before the survey to which I allude could be made , nothing would be easier than for the Government to promise the purchase at remunerating prices , of all the various descriptions of wealth that may be produced for a certain period ; and in every locality , they may readily place upon tbe land in any manner locally convenient those who are not otherwise provided -with employment j It would be pleasant to proceed jat much greater length with this subject , but my usual space is now filled , and I dislike making my letters tediously long ; but I would here remark , the desire for being employed is natural to man . If beneficial employment be always at command , it will most rapidly improve the habits and manners of all ; for nothing is j so destructive of sound morality as idleness ; and nothing conld ba more economical than for the Government immediately to take such a business as I have now ! recommended in hand without delay . j .
One thing is certain ; the heavy pressure of necessity is upon ua , and something must speedily be done . If any of your readers have a better plan ^ before them , no one will rejoice more at it than 1 shall ; in tbe meantime 1 will continue to point oat other portions oi this , as I think it one that may easily be carried into effect I I am , Sir , your obedient servant , William Galpin . Harmony Hall , Hants , June 24 , 1843 . v ^ 1
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT j SOCIETY . TBS CHAS . TIST MOVEMENT . —OUR PEOUD POSITION . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brothers in Boa dage , —Seeing ] that all the nations of the earth have been ill-governed by monarchies , oligarchies , or aristocracies for ages of their existence ; seeing that under them the useful masses have been enslaved and oppressed by the useless few ; seeing that the power of this few most have first beguu in small things apparently necessary , and-extend by little and little , through tbe simplicity of the many and the craftiness of the few ; sewing that such hath been the wevmtngs and stealthy glidings of power once acquired , I think we should carefully question the necessity for vesting power iu the hands of any man or body of men : and ere we give power to our officers , tie sure first that we have power sufficient to check ita undue exercise .
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It is these reasons and opinions tJiatJhavefactuated me in my opposition to Mr . Galpis ' s Imperial President , vested with despotio authority . Felle wmen , 1 flatter myself that in the course of my former letters I have produced arguments sufficient in favour of out dearest principles of democracy to convince the careless or tbe waverers , if any such there be , of the necessity in all societies of acting thereon . There may be faults in a democracy , more or less ; but they may bo removed by a sound education of every child in the state : for when the people know tbe right
they will do it A nation cannot have an interest in doing wrong . A faction may ; a party may . Where a party governs , they are for the most part interested in doing wrong } in educating tbe children wrong ; in maintaining party and class distinctions . Their assumed or acquired power over the many will beget this inclination to wrong ; a growing Inclination ; until , as in our country , and indeed all ethers , wealth , honours , and influence are in the hands of the few * and labour and destitution the lot of the many . Right and wrong are soon reversed . Wrong is made right and right wrong l
Yes , brothers , a democracy will pattake of thejfaulta of the people . A monarchy of the faults of the monarch . Ah aristocracy of the faults of the nobility . A class representation ( or extended oligarchy ) of the faults , of the electorial class . The first will fee interested in well-governing or benefltting the majority of the nation . The second in benefiting himself and his body-guard of minions . The third , themselves and dependants , and hired bravoes . The latter , in benefiting themselves at the expense of all the others . Bat , as the Monarch and Aristocracy may be too strong for them , they will fall on the weak , and make them weaker still . Therefore , a nation that is cursed with a Mongrel Government will have to endure all the honors of the
worst of hells upon earth ; whilst tbe triple-headed Cerberus guards tbe gates , and gloats over their torments t A representative body will of course ever be a rtflex , to a considerable extent , of the electets : tainted with their faults , and tinted with their virtues . But , generally , men of no mean capacities ; for the most ignorant do not choose the most ignorant to represent them , ox to do their business . On the contrary , they generally choose those they think more " Iarned" than them * selves , or possess some extra ability suited to the work they want done .
There will , no doubt , he men in all such assemblies far in advance of the age in general intelligence . Such men will find their brother deputies checks to their extensive desires and projects ; and perhaps necessarily so ; for , in some instances , if they backed their plans , they would uot be doing their duty to their constituents , who could not comprehend tbe advanced plans , and who would therefore mar the work , which would thus become so much dead matter , and , for the time , useless labour . These higher intelligences cannot become leaden of the people ! But they may be pioneers , hail ' ing the people onwards!—great spirits , whose lights shine , but cannot be penetrated by those of their generation!—spirits who ciy " come on . " The multitude hear , and gradually , but almost imperceptibly , move towards their better views .
But such men must not , therefore , be given the power to rule their less intelligent fellows , seeing that THET cannot , conxroul the uiND ; for by such vested power they would destroy their own natural powerthe force and weight of their teaching ; that power , which by its silent secret workings , makes them great , and their labours ultimately triumphant . I am prompted to these observation * by the information given at the Congress of the Ratienal Society , by one of the members , to the effect that they would not have entertained the idea of such a form of government as Mr . Galpin advocates , but for the purpose of retaining Mr . Owen ' s services to the Society . Now , if this be tbe reason , or one of them , I must ( in Parliamentary phrase ) call it a " dangerous precedent" to entmst
power to an individual because we respect him or love him , power , which so few men are capable of wielding without begetting a love of power . How unwise to break through the golden rule of self-government , or general government , which years and ages have shews to be so necessary to all associated people , and return to individual or party authority , which history hath proved so dangerous , and the cause of so much evil to tbe human race l Verily this appears to be " advancing backwards , " as Paddy would say . It is with much pleasure , however , that I reeord the fast that there was a strong , party of demoorats in the assembly of Social Delegates , who maintained the necessity of Congress appointing the Council , and opposed to vesting tiw President with tbe power of dismissing them .
Aa politicians we have professed and taught the immutable truths of democracy in opposition to the erroneous doctrines of , monarchy and aristocracy . We have battled with the right divine of Kings , and the vested rights of nobility ; and have acknowledged none other rights than those tbQt are founded on tiuth and justice . , it was the successful teaching of these doctrines ; the great party we had created under their influence ; the willingness , zeal , and industry , of our numerous advocates ; the readiness with which they hazwded their liberties and lives in the cause ; the trials and troubles our party have endured , and still stood firm to the
cause , —a strong phalanx rendering futile all the attempts of Government ; to put them down ; it waa all these things , together with the fact that we had lived through so much persecution ; through a Whig nuii Tory crusade , carried on to annihilate oar party : it was all this that I recorded as ' * ' evidence of a proud p osition , " and not the barely hazarding our lives and liberties in the struggle , as Mr . Galpin , in paragraph 6 in Letter IIV , assumes . But I too , hope that we shall find " an easier and a better mode of accomplishing what-all of ns desire" ; and therefore do I set forth the necessity for more extended operations being undertaken by the Chartist body .
Paragraph seven says : — " With regard to the theory laid down by Robespiere , it is quite inapplicable to the universal and etutnal truths on which alone I propose that we should form this association ; and then Mr . Qalpia proceeds to lay down that " tbe rights , the . interests , the duties of man are all universal ; and it is only in proportion as we can embrace this idea that we shall be enabled to progress to that higher and better destiny , which I believe is ready for us , as soon aa we can he . sufficiently united to receive it" Now this idea is what Robespierre and the democrats of France sought to inculcate , and to establish their Republic on . It is the very . idea on which the Charter is founded . It is what we have been continually teaching ; and if the theory of Robespierre named in tfeis paragraph is not
applicable to the three fundamental truths published by Mr . Owen , it is Burelj applicable to this idea that Mr . G . declares so necessary to our just progression ! Indeed this theory of Robespierre on the rights of man , is as much a fundamental truth as those named by Mr . G . ; and as necessary to be taught to and acted upon , by all nations as any other truth . There are other fundamental truths necessary to be well understood for the well-being of mankind , to which I shall draw your attention at a future time ; for the present I must conclude by directing the attention of the reader to Mr . Bill ' s announcement among his last week ' s replies to correspondents , that he is preparing a plan which he will shortly submit to the Chartists , for
their approval , under which we may establish a Safe Association , it being enrolled under the Beneut Societies Act The appearance of this plan I anxiously desire . The announcement of It hath given the greatest pleasure that I have experienced for some time ; and I doubt not but tke werk will be well worthy of our adoption . Fjt this plan I would advise you , my brethren , to ' wait and see it , before you decide the day of the National Delegate Meeting , that the gooa may be done at once , and our society placed in that strong and healthy position so much needed . I remain , Yours in hope , Gracchus .
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ggp In corrobor&tion of the appalling facts here maoB public by Mr . Pitkethly , as to the nature and extent of the accommodation provided for , and the treatment pursued towards , tbe Emigrants on board of Emigrant chips , we give the following extracts from a letter written by Mr . R » bert Anderson , who left Leeds for the United States at the same time that Mi .
Pitkethly went o * t , &pd who has since returned to and is at present residing in Leeds . Indeed , Mr . Pitkethly and 2 ix . Anderson sailed in tbe sane vessel ouiicards , as will have bees learned from Mr . P . ' s Notes . It will be seen that Mr . Anderson details scenes of bratality and inhnni ;* T » ty on board his ship home again , which are s disgrace to the species , and loudly call for strong interference . Let us hope that the publicity thus given to them may draw the attention of the authorities to the question , and induce them to devise a remedy .
On Monday , Sept 13 th , 1842 , 1 engaged a passage in the ship Sheffield , Cap& . Allen , master j we were hauled into the river that afternoon , aad , on tbe following day about noon , left 2 ? ew York . We had on board eightytwo steerage passengers , two Stowaways , ( persons who have bo monty and Btcret themselves until after the ship sails ;; and ihxta or tout Jimmy Dncss , ( men who had
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gotten a passage for nothing , and are so called , because they feed and wait upon the ducks , hens , pigs , cows , &c ) . We had not so many passengers as might have been ; bnt the room is generally apportioned to the nnmber , bo that we were crammed together as close as conld be ; and until our boxes , fee . were a little sided , we had scarcely room to stir . : On Wednesday , one { of the passenger ' s wives was taken ill , and in the course of the day waa delivered of a child . ] You are aware ivhat state the passengers are gener "ally in for the first few days , sick as can be , and
tumbling about in all directions . They -were in this state when the woman fell ill ; and scarcely a female in the ship abls to hold her head up . I had thought that Emigrant vessels were compelled to take a surgeon oat with them ; and that , in such a case aa this , some notice wonld be taken of the woman by the captain . But nothing of the kind happened here . { The woman was compelled to do as she could , assisted by one of the passengers , a young man , who had had some practice as a surgeon , but Was afraid of undertaking a case of midwifery . However , the child was born , and in less than a week after , tbe woman appeared the stoutest of her sex in the ship .
Nothing particular occurred after this for several days . We continued to get along at a fine rate , with the wind fair , and blowing rather strongly all the time . On Thursday 23 rd , we were sadly pnt about at our end of tbe steerage , by the mate coming down and ordaringus to remove our boxes from where we had them piled , one on the top of the other , and coiling in their place five or six great ropes which nearly filled between decks , and almost completely deprived ns of room to stir . SiinitDAT 25 th—Very stormy . The cook , a coloured man , who slept close beside me , when getting np about five o'clock , a M ., said it was "blowing like de berry debil . " Some of the sails were rent this morning , and
one of the sailors fell front the rigging . His leg was dislocated and other ports considerably bruised . The sailors were all quite busy and dare not leave to attend him . Some of the passengers carried him to the top of tbe hatchway , where he lay for some time , the captain taking no more notice than if nothing had happened . At length one or two of the passengers assisted our yonng Doctor in getting his leg into joint again , after giving him a little brandy to deaden tbe pain , fie was afterwards carried into the steerage , and two of the passengers left their berth to make room for him , there being no place in the ^ forecastle fit for him . He lay there until landing , some of the sailors occasionally coming to see him : bnt the captain , I understand , never once asked how he was .
On Monday , the 2 Tth ,. one of the passengers died about one p . m . He had been ill of consumption some time before leaving America , where he had lived about three years ; and bis brother was attending him homu to his native country , ( Ireland ) . Soon after he died they dressed him in a clean shirt front , and his brother , a Catholic commenced reading over him , and continued a considerable time . Soon after daylight , two of the sailors were sent below \ to prepare him for burial They were not long in sewing him up in an old sheet ; after which his brother [ again commenced reading , when he had done , they carried the corpse on deck ,
where a board was placed , one end on tie bulwark , and the other on the end of a waterbreik . On this board they placed the body , and , after filling an old potatoe poke with stones , and tying it to his legs , the captain appeared with a book in bis hand , and commenced reading the funeral service ! When be arrived at that passage , " Ashes to ashes , and dust to dust , " the board was lifted on end , and be slid into the water . Nothing particular occurred after this until our landing . I remember you complained sadly , on our outward bound voyage , about want of convenience ; bnt this ship was ten times worse in that respect , though it was one of a regnlar line ef packets .
Many of the passengers tagreed to draw np a paper on the conduct of the Captain and want of convenience in the ship , which all would willingly have signed , and which was to be published when we got ashore ; but , as we had very little convenience to write , and all were anxiously looking for land ,- determined never to go to sea again in such a vessel , it was neglected , and after landing soon forgotten . [ The only place that we had as an apology for a " petty , " was a part of a tub , stuck ! close to the bows of the vessel , under the "boatswain ' s forecastle" ( I think that is its name ) , a place not four feet high : and to get to
this we had te scramble over the windlass and two or three anchors , which made it impossible for any female to go , and likewise many males . This caused ua to have dreadful work in tbe steerage ; but the Captain cared nothing for what we endured there . He scarcely ever left the quarter deck , and never once looked down the hatchway . The coals too ( a lot of slack ) were stuck in one of the most unlikely places , a dark bole that had beeii a sailor ' s bunk ; and we were not allowed a shovel to lift them , but had to scratch them up with our hands in the beat way we could ; and with the same tools threw the ashes overboard .
I am ture the interference of Government is strongly required for the protection of Emigrants , to seo that vessels taking such have sufficient room and convenience . I dare say they think sufficient has been done by a late Act of Parliament , which compels Captains to take on board a sufficient quantity of provisions , and to supply each passenger with a pound of bread staffs duly . This makes it worse than before . They are generally supplied with bread of an inferior quality for which they pay an additional passage money and which hardly can be us . d . I saw several that bad arrived in New Y \» rk , by thfe ship Siddona , who were compelled to throw all they got of the Captain overboard . I remain , Yours , very sincerely , To Mr . Pitkethly . Robert Anderson .
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THE CHARTISTS OF SHEFFIELD TO THE EDITOR OF THE XATIOH . Patriotic and respected Sir , —It is with inexpressible pain that we address you on the subject of tins letter ; but justice to ourselves , and justice to that cause of which yon are the ; talented , eloquent , and dauntless advocate , forbid us to be silent ; We , the Chartists of Sheffield , have for some weeks past been in tbe habit of reading your excellent paper . With , delight we have perused ^ our soul-stirring appeals to the soul of Erin , to " remember the days of old , * and strive like men for the restoration of their country's nationality . With feeliDga indescribable we have read tbe accounts of the magnificent Repeal gatherings , and the magic eloquence of O'Conuell's . orations ; and our hearts heaved with joy at the anticipation of the bright future in store fer Old Ireland .
Mr . O'Connell had repeatedly libelled and most unjustly assailed as ; cut tbe moment we heard of the threats of his and his country' 4 enemies , we resolved to throw ourselves into the beat of tbe conflict , and te bury in the giave of oblivion all past differences thst had hitherto kept us and our Irish brethren divided . ¦ Our actions have been in accordance with onr resolves . We have held two or three meetings weekly , almost solely for the discussion of Irish grievances ; we have held two large epen-air meetings at which we adopted petitions to both Houses of Parliament , protesting against the dismissal of Ireland's popular magistrates , and against the passing of the monstrous Arms Bill ; we have adopted an address to tbe democrats of England , urging them to aid and assist in the Repeal agitation : in sh # rt , we have done , are doing , and ( despite Mr . O'Connell ' a calnmnies ) will continne to do , all that in our power lies to help our Irish brethren in their glorious struggle for liberty's triumph .
jThe Chartists throughout England and Scotland are pursuing the same course of true patriotism . iAnd 'what ia the return -we have met with ? The Btrange&t calumnies , the most stupid slanders , hespfd upon vm by the great leader of the Repeal movement , Mr . O'Connell 1 In proof of this we need only refer your readers to the speech of Mr . O'C . at the Corn Exchange reported in yonr paper of Saturday last Mr . OXTonnell ' s first charge against the English Chartirte , is . that "they are more outrageous lyrantsthan the Govtrmevt of Pie Irish Lord . Chancellor ; " for tiity lyramticatiy oppose any meetings taking place except for their ovm purposes . ;
W © suppose Mr , O'Connell alludes to our opposition to the Corn-Law Repealers . We have opposed them , because their agitation is a humbug . But we have opposed them by fair argument and beat them by the force of convinced nnmbers . We have never used violence , though the most dastardly violence has often been employed against us . We point to the scenes enacted in Stevenson ' s-square , and the Hall of Science , Manchester , tor proof of this ; when Irishmen were set on to assault and wound English . Chartists by the ruffian Com- Law Repealers , who tcould not give one shilling ,
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one signature ta o petition , or one vole , electoral or legis-- I ? : i / orwar * * Repeal of the Union ! I Mr . O'Connell states that which he most know to be false , when neoaarget us with tyrannically opposing any meeting tertag place except for our own purposes . It will be sufficient refntation to point to the innumerable meetings that are now being held in England in support of the Repeal agitation . Ask the SheflMd Repealers if we have opposed their meetings ? Appeal to your countrymen in this town and they will tell you that we set them the example of holding meetings in support of Ireland ' s Legislative Independence ; that without waiting for them , we ; took up the gauntlet thrown down by the tyrant aristocracy , and were the first in Sheffield to raise t&e gathering shout of •« Repeal and Justice to Ireland . " i . r
The second charge is , that at one time the Chartists avowed physical force . That Chartist leaders have maintained therignt of the people to resist force by force , we will not deny . Nay more , that they may have maintained ! that the means which an O'Neill , a Wallace , a Tell * and a Washington , scrupled not to employ to liberate their respective countries were quite as proper to be : employed by Eaglishmen as by the people of Ireland , Scotland , Switzsrlahd , or America , w « are not ashamed to oonfess . In page 442 of the Nation , is a description of the " Volunteers New Card . " We should like { to know whether Mfc O'ConneU feels scandal ) Z 9 d at the portraits of the Irish monarchs and
chieftains , given ; on the said card ? We have not heard that Brien . i the Hero of Munster . or Hugh O Neil ! , the hope of Ireland , the terror of England , the conqueror of Clifford , Norris , De Burgh , Bagenal , and JBraex , " ever scrupled to "avow physical force . " We request Mr . O'Connell to read an article in the last Notion , headed « f The Morality of War . " He will find some good sense therein . Lastly , we request Mr . OGonneU ' B attention to his own speech at Cork , and the speeches of others of the Repeal'teaderB , whieh , whatever may be intended by tbe speakers / is denominated ta this country as rank " physical force" by the enemies of Repeal . Mr . O'ConneU should remember that it is not safeifor those who live in glass houses to throw stones
. < ; Bat we have committed the heinous offence of petitioning for the return jof Frost , Williams , and Jones , " who were found guilty of high treason . " Psha ! so were all the patriots of Ireland , who dared to defend their conntry ' s liberties , from the invasion of the Normal . Barons down to the reign of Castlereagh , guilty of " high treason' ' in the estimation of English'tyrants . Yes ; but Frost , Williams , and Jones were duly tried , and found guilty of high treason . " So was Robert Emmett 1 and , had that unfortunate but immortal patriot been spared by his executioners ; if , instead of murdering him on the scaffold , he had been banished to Nuw South Wales , allow us to ask ; would itj not have been the daty of every ' true Irishman to have petitioned for Emmetc ' s restoration , tfcwugh he had been found guilty of ' -high Jtreason" ? To be guilty of " high 1
treason ' against tyrants is to be guilty of the noblest virtue of humanity 1 Our fervent prayers are that Irishmen may never more be hunted through the world as traitors ; or punished on the scaffold as rebels ; but we worn Mr . O'Connell that success er failure makes all itho difference . The patriot triumphant is a " glorious revolutionist ; " but the patriot defeated ia a " traitor . " Does Mr . O'Connell know that the Tory press writers are denouncing the Repeal agitation as " treason , " and calling for his punishment as a "traitor" ? Heaven forbid that we should ever have to petition for banished Irishmen ; but if in the book of fate ft should be so written , English Chartists will not be unmindful of their dnty ; and in the meantime we beg to assure Mr . O'Connell that we shall continue , aa heretofore , to use all constitutional means for the restoration of our uDjaatly expatriated friends .
Mr . O'Connell ' fl third charge agaiast the Chartists , is , " that they are ' ( he greatest set of blockheads that ever existed *'—his reason— " that they are not satisfied with obtaining their demands by degrees , but insist on obtaining the whole at once . " Mr . O'Connell now calls the Chartists " blockheads , " though he has said that , "He who is not a Qhartisfis either a knave wM profits by the evils of misrule , or \ a fool upon whom fads and reason make no impression" ! As to our refusing to take our demands by degrees , it will be time enough when we are offered part of the Charter and refuse to take it ( as a means ef getting the rest ) for Mr . O Connell to abusu us . In the meantime " the Charter , the whole Charter , " is our rallying cry and bond of strength .
A number of influential persons have' lately joined the Repeal Association who are avowed Federalists . What if the Federalists were to abuse Mr . O Connell for cramming the whole Repeal down their throats , and for not agitating for less than entire Repeal ? Mr . John O'Coiinell ' s doctrine , that if forced t « take Federalism , the Rspealer would do so but only as an instalment , " while they will agitate only for total Repeal , is good . Tbe Chartists have never said they would refuse a part of the Charter if forced upon them instead of the whole j but they would be " blockheads" indeed to agitate for less than the entire of what they conceive to be bare justice . Mr . O'Connelt says we are weak . The beat answer to tbat is , that the Repealers in England know the importance of our co-operation , and are happy to have and thankful for our aid .
Mr . O'Connells' last charge that the Chartists are Tory tools , or in the pay of the Tories , we will not deign to reply to . The calumny is too allly , too Whiggish , to be treated seriously . We fiing it back with the scorn it merits . We have done with Mr . O'Connell ' s speech . We pass by the letter of Mr . Ray to the London Repealers on which we might have commented , but that we think the columns -of the Nation may be be better occupied . As to poor Tom Sieele , his ravings about " miscreant Fearguaitea" are beneath even contempt .
We have one fault ' to find ' with the Nation and but one . Tbat if , the wholesale denunciation ot Englishmen under the term " Saxon . " The Editor of the Nation must know that the term is altogether ! misapplied . The first invaders add desolators of Ireland were Normans or tbe direct descendants of the Norman banditti . Tbe Saxons had been previousiyreducedand subjugated befoie Ireland was iiryaded under Henry II ., a Norman King . Some ot the wisest laws and noblest institutions tbat were ever { established in any nation were the Work of the Saxons ; but these were all violated and trampled on in England by the Norman spoilers long before tbe invasion -of Ireland . Would that we had Saxan justice instead of Norman oppression in the present day !
Why should Englishmen be denounced simply because tbey are Eaglishmen ? Mr . O'ConneU , according to his speech at the Drogheda banquet , has but one million of enrolled Repealers , though he demands three millions to achieve his object Can he then afford to make enemies where he should be gathering up friends ? Why not act upon the sublime sentiment proclaimed by Mr . Grattan , at thp above banquet : — " We hold out the right hand of fellowship to all without distinction of creed ; and we are willing to make up past differences with the English ? " We can assure the Editor of the Nation that hearts panting for Ireland ' s redemption beat not more fervently in the breasts of Irishmen than in those of tens of thousands of the much abused English Chartists .
One word more . , The sympathy and assistance of Americans and Frenchmen is courted and received with thankfulness : —yet the former are the defenders and toleraiors of slavery , and tho latter allow of tbe existence of a despotism scarcely less hideous than that of the Russian Autocrat Even the bloodstained Orange faction , —the Clones assassins , and Dungaonon wreckers , —are courted by Mr . O'Connell to join the Repeal agitation ; All—all are welcome but English democrats , whose principles teach them that " where one cation is oppressed all are oppressed ; " and that " men of all countries are brothers , and the people
of each ought to ( yield ; one another mutual aid "—Tbey are excluded , slandered , and spit upon 1 The man wko seeks tojperpe t uate rel Igio u s an i raosities is a monster [ and he who seeks to uphold national antipathies is but little better . In conclusion we beg to assure onr Irish brethren that ca ' umny shall not deer us from the performance of what we know to be our duty , but that to the best of our ability we are determineu to aid and assist them by all legal and constitutional means in their glorious struggle for tbe Repeal of the atrocious Act of Union , and the restoration of their country ' s freedom . Gkohge Evinson , Chairman .
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THE ENGLISH CHARTISTS , versus O'CONNELL . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Patriotic Sib- —TbB following letter unanimously adopted at a meeting of tbe Sheffield Chartists , held on the 12 th of June , 1843 , was sent to tbe Nation for publication . It was posted on the 13 lb , a : > d after a lapse of eight days has been returned into my hands this day , accompanied by a note from a person in the office , declining to publish the s * id letter as not being advisable because calculated to produce further discussion—at the same time handsomely acknowledging the " kindmention" © f the Editor of the JVafton in tbe said letter .
Deeply regretting that tbat gentleman has not seen the propriety of allowing the reviled English democrats fair play In his paper , yet seeing the necessity that exists of so far as possible setting ourselves right with our Irish brethren , fit present ! too widely misled by tbe [ slanders and falsehoods of our shameful calumnitors , I ; hav « to request that you will oblige tbe Sheffield Chartists by publishing in your columns their letter to tbe Nation . I can « e no evil in a fair discussion between ourselves and our traducers , no matter who they may be : but a discussion which is all on one side ; which allows our accuser not only to do us an injury , bnt also moat materially to obstruct the progress of right principles , ia M very devil" ! a sort of discussJen which however consonant it may be with the Editor ot the Nation ' s ideas of propriety , will , I trust , not be countenanced by the Northern Star . I am , Sir , Yours faithfully , George Jdlian Harnet . Sheffield , June 22 , 1843 .
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^^¦ ^^ rf *^^* . ^ ^^ ^ A Meeting waa lately held in the Queen's prisoa , Mr . Oastler in the chair , when it was resolved that a subscription be- raised to aid the defence or Mr . Lusfoi-d , who had escaped from the prison , in order to meec the question of tbe injustice of imprisonment for debt- Tne assistance of the public for that purpose is also invoked . The Members for Sheffield . —It having ( been understood that there was a probability of the resignation oi our borough members about the close of the present sessions , we may now state that their retirement is not likely to take place at present . With regard to the course they may take next session , it would be premature now to indulge in any anticipations . —Sheffield Iudependant .
Providential Escape . —On Thursday week , Mr . John Fearon , painter and paper-hanger , of this town , experienced one of the most extraordinary and providential escapes from death tbat we ever remember to have heard or read of , even in romance . I' appears that Mr , Fearon , who had business at Carlisle , entered the railway train at Ma . ryport ; but , whilst the- carriages were yet at a considerable distance from Wigton , his hat , by some accident with which we are not acquainted , either fell or was knocked off his bead . Started at the suddenness of the occurrrence , and forgetting the extreme danger to which he exposed himself , Mr . Fearon made a desperate attempt to catch the hat in its fall ; in doing which , he lost his balance , and was throws to the ground with great violence . An alarm was
instantly given ; but , before the engines could be stopped , the whole of the train had passed by . On hastening to the assistance of the unfortunate gentleman , whom no one expected to see alive , they found him lying quite insensible , with his back quite close to , and' parallel with , the rails—so close , indeed , that the wheels in passing had out a strip clean out of his coat , from the collar down to the skirts , one of which was also clipped away . In the fall , he had lJKewioo injured the back part of his head , and other parts of his body ; but pot so seriously as was at first anticipated . In fact , notwithstanding tbe appalling nature of the aeoident , and the injuries h ^ had sustained , Mr . Fearon waa enabled to continue his journey ; and is now , we are bapDy to add , in a great measure recovered . — Whitehaven Herald .
Untitled Article
THE NORTHERN STAR . 4
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1219/page/7/
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