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EMIGRATION . OB 5 EBTATIOX 3 CO 2 TNECTED WITH MS . PJLti \ STHLY S T 0 TJ 5 . Havim ; now completed the notes of my tour , in Ihe tznsse of * s 5 ijicb the lEafier "soil , eo donhl , have perceived the varieas afivpstsges -which -would accrue to Emigrants possessed of a little capital , infinsirlons habits sad apeisevErisg spirit , I shall proceed to Eakoa few observations relative to the formation of 'Tne British 35 nngisnts MiJtsal aid SsxafiJry ,- estaHiabea in EcliSax , Septexaber TUi , 1812 ; a copy of flis Miei oT -which Society I Elan jjre&oit to the reaaer , 5 n order ihe mere explicitly to eomrEy to the -public mind * he intrinsic otgect intended to be attained , and -which I verSy hellera to be easy of accomplishment .
My nest purpose : w 21 be to sippl v sneb infcrmation te 35 migr £ nts as appears to me indiEpenBihly necessary to « naKe them to foB thB ztraJagons sud evade the madiinafioES cf an hosi of swindlers -who are ever on ' the ^ aiert ioplnnda and victimize the ¦ mrwsry . These vampires { as vSl isve been seen from , the preceding J notes ) rwarm on both sides the . Atlantic , and tven upon ¦ ^ p -fgffa o ? the great deep ; and it -will require incessant esntion and -rea&hfnlness to escape the snares they ] isrre so iKsfnsely spread in ths path cf the pilgrim ] jonneying from the dark le ^ ens of despotism to the ' « Great Repnbli& . " ; ; , , j ] ' S
Much , las been ^ wrois anil Jnnch said , pro 2 nd am , lespscting fee msStctions , riitn ^ tp , snd scD of America , SSd SlBO COnCSHdOg thB 'Hrawnpra and Ha'tent of Ihe people . IEob factions , and those -wedded to eyila triici ; are the fraepesabie concomitants of monarchical goYBaaaents , { srho , by tka "way , . are o *? ly those irho lire on theproSnce of other men ' s industry , ) have impugned the system of government which obtsiss in ths States . The Interested traveller has dDait-d on the Jaletnl cSecta ^ whach the-c ^ imste may probably produce upon fee consStuiions of Europeans , sad tjso npoa the sterlnty of the soil and the immense labour andexpenss reqnMis to perfect clearings , and render it prodnctiTe ; -while others tronld have is believe that fh * inhaMtSEts are a rede , unsocial , and nncivU ? Z 3 d 3 » opla—a race 0 ! "wild Indians , 01 beugs appioximat-± Bg tfafTftO , " "Whsse -nntniOT'd TninoB , See 3 God in donas , Or hears Mm in ihe -wind " .
OnBie other band , many exaggerated seconnis have been girtn of the felicity enjoyed in this " Isnd cf pronEse , " trhich have induced mauj to Endsrate oi . der Qie idea that on their lsnfiing they -would tiUr a perfect elysium , and he blessed with the fall irnibcn cf aD earthly happiness : bnt , finding their Creams sot realized , they have been filled -with chagrin and disappointment . ! £ hs laet 3 s , man must there , as - weSl as in every other land , earn bia bread by the sweat of hb brow . Ho ninst labours bnt he cos enjoy the frail of bis awn indnstjy ; he can " sit nuclei bis 6-srn Tine and bis own fig tree , none daring to mate Me sfraia . *" There he is , frse man the galling yoke of sla-rerj , and can stand erect in the attitude of a freeman , -Dassessins ; that inestimable $ em , liberty , "without which life xxmnoS te enjoyed -with that ssst -which wss dssgned io he the let of man .
The piirations and oppressions euSnred by the British operative , _ nnd the appsrett determinatioa of ths ^ cfiona "wbo altsnately rule the desfcaBs of iiiis connby to perpetmte the erils of misrule , Hnp&llea a iransber of ocr countrymEQ to adqp » i £ isa 5 iiTS 3 to -escipe the TTOTBe than Egyptian bondEge ; and being acquainted fbrongh 1 he pnMicatioa of tha 2 eiisraddres £ = d by Dr . Smyles to myself , iand -which 1 inserted st the cemjneneemesit olxay Jatcaml ) , of the tasi sesenrcra of tbc TVffitern Sates of 2 » orth America , it -was tsboIveA * o set upon the suggestions tsoctsincd in the said letter , it being deemed far more advantaseons to mssratt to a iome already prepared , and to abide amsng xeiadves
and fnEnds , than to pave the way and settle among arrjngers -when they had arrived in & foreign land . ! Asd , moreover , the scanty means -which protected tyranny hss left at the disposal of -working men xendered it absolutely neceEsary to co-operate for the acquisition of fneds to compass the desired chject Hence the e 3 tablishmenJ of the society appoiitay termed "TheBritajSausrsnts -UntaalAid Society /' the character and design of "s-hich I csnnot better i describe than by ths pnclication of tfao rules by -which it is conducted . They are somewhat lengthy : neverthe- ' less , 1 opine that the reader mSj arise from the perusal i "With a feeQiig of satisfaction H »* ijje ^ tt . p fieroied to titeir examinatiQii baa not been naspsnt . r 1
SITLSS . Bale 1 st—That tins SDciety he deoomicsted the fty Wah Emigrants' ilntnal Aid Soclsiy , and that all rnies and regulations fc-e snhj ^ c * to , and in accordance 1 With , the saprems la ^ ra cf the state or territory in ¦ which the colony isaybs located . \ 2 nd . — Thyt the objr-zt ef tins Sodety is the pnTchase 1 « f a tract of unappropriated Isnd in the State of Wis- consin , or x > tb £ z Western State as may en inspection j by ^ dspntation cf oce 01 more competent persoiis be ' ¦ deemed mewt suitable for the purposes of a colony of - settlers from this constry , upon a principle of mutual j S ^ EiEtance . j 3 rd . —When s = Ssi £ Dt issney ia snbEcrlbed , cub or i more persons shall be seat out "with ptyscr to select and ; pnrehase 1 ha lssd , and proenre a survey thereof , under j promise or -written sstuzece of the Sacitty that the ! money shall be transniitted throagh the han ^ s of the A-rrwrritr $ n Consnl xesidEiitxn TAvexpobl , to fee United j States * Government Agecl , SHtkorizrd to raceivB the j agnne in ttax country , I 4 th , —Tha ^ the znbscripfions to tlds Society be deposited is the EaliLiX Joint Stock Sank , and -when ths purchase is onipleted be transferred to the ATnpri f ^ -n Consul ( Kho h&s « c £ a ; ed to transact this business ) through as order saaetioEed by the signatnrES of threefourths cl ths members , and presented by xhe cemmittee j to the banters .
53 t . —Ibai . this Socsty be composed of SI many sub > seribersss-snll tske ap , or prrrchiiS thirty-two sections of land , or 20 ,-iSO seres st Congress pries tl £ dollai ) which shall be divisablaamoBgot the said members in proportion to their respective Eubscriptions , in ten acre lots , so as to give the poors ! an equal benefit in the distribution and choice -with the larger pnrhasers , yet sot limiting any subscriber in his amount of pnrehase . 6 th . —That in order to orgsxSss and carry into tifec Htb operation the objects of tfcxa Association , thirteen members bs chosen ti a public general meeting , to form a committee of msuasEHiEnt , from amongBt -wlioin a
president , vice preaaeEt , treasurer , and secretary , be appointed saasaljj ; four rnsmbgn of thB Commlttfce ss they stand-nppn th » list to retire EimnaUy bat to be ^ igiKlB to xe-gseSon ; which election shall be mtib ^ on a dayhsreafter to be fixed ; first the committee , theuthe c-fficsrs cut of that committee ; in both cases by ballot , or Tote of aflthe members of the Society ; the majority to ttetsrmtre and be final ; every ihaie-• holderfroineneto twenty to have two votes , and so in proportaan , increasEg oca vote every ten shares ; seven if the committee to be a quorum , and the majority of txsat-qiJcmm to determine . t
7 th- — ~ "s » t flie lissasnt za aM cases { alter the ee- ' ^> JU >< Tnpn > . o ! the Colosy , } isre a triple vote , and the j vice president the stms -when acting as president , i , ' the president ' s ahses . ee ; but not in other cases , or but his angle vote -when zcting in his own capacity . I SJh- —That the comsittee shaH , previous to the ccmpleSen of the purchase , appoint seven of the" subscribers as trustees fcr the property jointly , in wio 3 e name the purchass shall be effected , and to -whom it ¦»> m ~ n be conveyed in ircsfc to the use of the Eaid sub-, senbers , and be by tte said trustees s 6-eonv £ yed to the eaid subscribers individually , describing his loi ta Ehsreby its xsnnber and contents in measarc upon the £ nrTeyor * s plan Lerafter to be made , a Ime copy of Triiich , 01 the nr >! pT ?< l shaSl always be in the posses-1 acn or keeping of the said trustees for general reference , and be lithographed for distribution amongst ¦ the ^ ubscribsrs . In case of the death « f a Trustee , a successor shall , as soon after as conveniently may , be . appointed by the committee as in the first instance .
Sib . ! Th 3 t"syh . 8 n sufficient funds are Eubscritei and paia in , a suitable person or persons be felly authorised under the signature of the committee &nd Trustees , to go out to the state or territory agreed to , and select , surrey , and purchase s suitable and sufficient tract of land in one or more lots as the same can be obtained , including some navigable 3 ± ver , or river that may hsresiter be mage : na-yigable for Ixaats or steam vessels—tb = aid tract of land to be , ss much -sscsn be bo ebtaic ^ i , in equal qnanfifies on eacb . side of the said liver , in order to locate every aQotment-aa contiguous as may be
to "water conveyance ,, and other -water purposes said tact of land to extend along the fcaaSB of sid river eight nflles in length of the same , and two miles back-¦ wards from said river , on « ach side respectively , or in qxtEjitiiy equal to these gives -c ] m £ nsic&s { the lirer not to be in the measurement *; this -wBl give ths quanUty oj thirty-two JsecBons , or 20 ,-JSO acres , the amount required , and the form -will sSbrd the easiest means 01 access to the greatest 3 Jnnibei * fcr navigation purpoatsfox Bull sites and other business situafiona hereaftti itquiring ftburdnnre of -Eater tsr -water pottei . of
10 th . ^ Thal the-stated jneethigs the committee be £ xed for the first Wednesday in every month . Any proprietor may attend , but the business to rest exclusively yn&i the eemmittee—alterafions-or reEcinding cf Jhe present rules , or -pxpeang new ones , to be given notice of In Trrifing at tiie stitea monthly meeting of ths committee , one month previous to its
&s-djssjon . - » -it >> - 33 iat - " mctBal aid" be the bond of this associa tion , ai further speciSed in rule 12 th ; -and that in order to accommodate the poorer jnenbera , they shall pay one-or more shilBngs-weekly , according to their ability , for every share subscribed for , until the foil amount of their respecUve shares be paid up , -whjcb TbjTI amount isust be completed against the time of payment for the general purchase . 12 th . —That as the leading object of this Society is w tWTirft io the poorer subscribers to the Tn » y »« x > I
lettering their conoitioii , and getting oat to the setQeaent , it is proposed to farulah sach members -with pecnptury asslstacss ^ on conflition cf their TrozkiDg for Jhe psrson advancing the same , at the Tats cf -wages corrsnt at the time , in that country . Or by the following method , riz ., faiEisg on shares as it ia called and practised is some , parts of America , the farmer giving Jfls labour and attentjoa , the capitalist providing the necessary stock , seed , and implements , and trhat other jMBlr tancs or -nestmrnny be agreed apon— £ aid capitalist jeceivlcg one-half tee produce of the laud , and in-
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cresse ef catae er stoci annually , uatil the ¦ srhole ai ' - vacise —ith cort of subsistence ( as may be agreed ) shall be r ? p 3 Jd , or tbe capitalist more easily satisfied ; the lot r or snare of the uer-cn so assisted to be eecurity to the c ^ B : * alist tDttil ' the engagement be fulfilled , thej com-> mitcEs tc- have the po-wer of enforcing this rule , or hold r tfce prci .-2 T ^ r in abeyance until the claim be BE . tiifl . Bd . \ i 3 ib- That one -whole section of lard or 640 iacres ' be reserved for a town bnilding lot to be the joint proi psrly of the Society in » sodely cspacity—yet
neverj theless any individual may purchase irbatever portion ; he may icqaire as his own separate and individual property—the proceeds of such sales-to form a- fund ¦ for genetEl pnrposeB , mois especially such porposes as ' sib o ! a benevolent nature , beneEcial alike to ' every ! branch of the Society in the town or country , undi&i the I direction and management of the committee for tha j time being , or such other directing body , under "what-1 ever name or denomination they may be known , that ¦ the management of the affairs of the Society may be de-Iputedto . j ¦
14 th- —That the laying out of ihe town in streets , squares , market-places , allotments for public buildings , places cf worEbip , allotments ) siteB of schools , cemetery , -water courses , reservoirs , &c , be hereafter determined , excepting tha town front to the river , -which shall be left open full fifty yards in -width , the -whole length thereof for public pleasure or business , as may be Siting hereafter , these reservations to be made before any allotment for sales or other dispori-! tien cf the Town Xand lot be made—and if ] it be ' found advisable to plant or build a part oi the-town ' on tach basvk cf ths river , a similar TeservB . t \ en of I fifty jsrda in-width in front of the Bame , beinlikeman-1 ner adopted . ¦
15 di . —^ That , in order to provide for the future veh ¦ fare and prosperity of-the Colony , the town allotment ¦ be public property for beneficial and liberal purposts , : in tad fl the -whole proprietary in common with the : surplus " Township Lands , " as stated in the 17 tti rule , ! thereby an ample and continually increasing fund and revenue -will be secured fox general service—the order ! and xegnlarity of building in the town better preserved * > ssissBces prevented , a better style of building secured ; ; improvements -win also be more spiritedly undertaken : when a known means is at hand , and the -whole community -will be more benefited by the inereasedivalus Of the town lots in compact order , t *» Mi by scattered
and detached buildings , especially as the greater part of the small town lots must ncessarily lie far apart from liicir corresponding country allotments , and , at inconvenient distances for joint occupancy—the committee in the early period of Ihe town -will be disposed to accommodate all craftsmen And Other team residents , - -with lots suitable to their purposes at very moderate rates r ' arirg the more early periods—and the purchasers of ihefe selected bnilding or town lots will fee more benefited by a suitably selected lot and a public assisting fund , than by having a lot at random , as the choice by bsllot -would Lec&BsarOy be , and -without the a ^ aatage cf such bnilding fund .
Or : a lieu of the 15 th role abova recited , in cose it sht > nld be resolved to apportion town bnilding lots to the country land lots , they must necessarily be tmall , ia order to give each proprietor a lot and stenre a pnblic rc « rre for streets , roads , public institutions , tqnares , maikrts , && , and at same time leave snffielent for contemplated public resources , of mutual assistance and pecuniary revanne . If we assume a town building lot { to every original ten sere country lot ) of tea yards by thirty yards , and as there -will be few so small as one only of these , it sill give ample room for any bnsiness premises— --then 2 ? AS snch lots will amount to 127 acres nearly , which ¦ K- = th the river front , —reserve fur public iastitntipnssquares—markets , —sites f jt places of ircrship , eemetry , &t 140 acres , making together 267 acres -which dsdnetid from 640 tha whole town lot , leaves 373 acres of avaTable property for public revenna , either as rented for farm purposes or as appropriated for sale .
This disposition of the town lot may perhaps be more acceptable to the mbscribers generally than appropriating the whole to public service—and as immediate shelter-will be -wanted for the settleis as ' they arrive—by this means they may have a lot of their own after the streets have been marked oft ' —bnt ia general to farm settlers the lots will not be much benefit , as their rise in price 'will not be very immediate , and any attention to them will bnt divert too mnch of their time from their ( to them ) more yalasble ocenpation on their country allotments .
16 th—That as the -whole teict of 20 , 480 acres is ssMimed as subscribed for , it becomes necessary to pro-Vide for the different T&seiVM ( viz . ) that there be one acre deducted from every original chare or ten aero lot isto which the township is assumed as divided , or so considered to be , even though purchased in larger amounts—so that one -whole section shall abate 64 acres—ihe remaining 57 $ acres to be considered ] and taken as one -whole section lot—and in like manner the 10 acres reduced to nine acres shall be deemed and taken and called an original ten sere share in consideration of the benefit the -whole communnity -will hereafter derive from such appropriation , and -which is more fully explained in the ensuing
17 th—That the section reserved for building shall be called the "Tom L ^ nd Lot **—and the balance after all allotments from it are made , shall be pnblic property applicable as it is stated in mie 15 along -with the balance of the reservation of one acre per original share frem the Country Land Lots , after ; all deductions for highways , < fcc ., are mad * , and shall be called ; the " Township l ^ nds "— -whicii two joint properties Eball MOE E to the Original share Loldczs , their heirs or asriccB , in trust ss public property for benevolent and general improvement purposes , under the management cf the committee or whatever the managing body may hereafter be called , as st&ted in the fifteenth rale .
18 th—When the funds expected from the public property are available , they shall as occasion requires be applied to the assistance of all entitled to the same at the discretion of thB committee acting on behalf cf the proprietary , in such manner and propoxtiGn as they may at the time think prudent , in the tray of lean , apprenticing youths , relieving -widows and infirm aged , assisting ycuag persons to begin the -world , and such other laudable and benevolent purposes as coma within the limits and views of this institution . In ail loans and assistance to individuals in the nature of leans , satisfactory security shall be required for the return of the capital , and payment of interest upon the same , hereby securing a permanent and increasing foiid for beneficial and chaxit&b ' e pcrposea both to the present sad to future ages , th « proper objects of which shall be determined by tha recommendation of proprietors and the judgment of the committee . .
19 th . —Should the funds arising from the public property be at any time more ^> i » n is wanted for current demands , the surplus thai ] be vested ia the purchase of further new and unappropriated laud , ; or other real property , -which additional purchases shall raerge in the other pufelie property , and tLus become a sonrce 01 cccticuaHy increasing funds and means of prosperity sad comfoit , and be in like manner as other public property , seder the management and care ! of the committee , or general council , according as the managing body may hereafter be denominated .
20 th . —In laying out roads , previons to the sub-divisions of the general property , tha natural undulations cf tha eountry , and tendings of rivulets shall be accommodated to the greatest advantage , r . ot adhering to straight lines when an advantage or benefit can bs obtained by a deviation ; provided always th ^ t exact quarter tedious , or any number of txaci qnarter & atons be -aid together ; but is dividing the quarter sections into the smaller allotments , straight division lines shall be adopted ; sll intractable * hapt-. s or odd quantities of land that may ha cut tiff from any of the divisions , ahall be and remain public property until otiitrwfa ^ disposed of . This is one adv&ntsge of havjeg a surplus quantity of land for public disposal , odd quacttit ? can be thrown off in this manner without iucpnveaienticg any one , yet lemainiEg valuable to the gtceral body as public lands available for sale or other purposes . *
21 st—That when the laud is purchased , it shall be surveyed and divided according to the previous rule , and rule 16 , into sections of 576 acres ; and further irto qnarter . sections of 244 acres , each section numbered with its corresponding quarters . Then suclrof the quarters as shall be determined by ballot , for choice , to be subdivided into nine acres or ordinal shares , as is sgreed to ia rale 16 , in crdei to Rtcor > moflate the iiasllss * purchasers ; end thai therefore tfce b&iiov * for ehbice be in quarter sections , ihose having subscribed for more than one qsarter section , to complete their choice from the same drawing , either in lots adjoining , or otherwise at their oto option .
Subscribers for the small lots , or original shares to csite in numbers equal to quarter sections , and draw foi choice for that amount , by one of tfaeir own body or number ; then in a similar wav-ntr draw again for the < -hoiee of Ihe smzllez lots , completing &eir quantity from one drawing , if they require more than oce of the said . £ 2 i&il lots , proceeding in this manner until the whole is appropriated . 22 nd— -Tiist a 1 the residue and remainder of ttie property after ihe roads and cthtr reserves have been deducted , and ail the shares , &c , appropriated , shall be and remain public property cs b / rule 17 is determined ; this arrangement affords the subscribers an opportunity of choice to the la » t , as there -will be several shares thus unappropriated , and a considerable secession to public property available as mutual aid , as expbaneiiin * 3 ^ ia ^ mie .
23 rd—When tLe town lot , the highways , and other rF *( isto P ^ ate tccnjoaEcy , and all the sections and shares shall hrre been appropriated , the remainder shall bs pnblic property as stated in the 17 ih rule , and fh all . bs applied as is there and elsewhere dirwted , 01 m rewards to individuals for services in establishing
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« J ^ . m 6 ttodo £ oallotiag adopted in this rule , is to . Sft ** Acuity of apportioning the respective pi lots so as to afford the proprietors the option of cetfcee , on account of tae impoisibflity of their all S *^ &t *** ttoe of ballotini-then if not SfL ^ LSf ^ - ° <*«*» - * 5 ia no choice be . be 3 d ,-ay m procure unffl such choice be made , I ho , sycr loiig it may be delayed from non-arrival of the propneror ; and H the choica be nol ^ Z SSiSj ' toerefbre tbis regulation cf forming into quarierSoM and "bslloimg for ihe smillloto" jTfa StaTS ' ' obviate the difflcnl ^ . CT - ,
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cole . y or township , in Hnu of money payments during the iafancy of the establishment as in the jndgmest of ths committee shall ssem proper , but not to apply to the expenses of survey , going out , selecting , && , as these must be met with present money payment . 24 th . —That -when any of the smaller lots that have been balloted for in quarter sections BhaYl fall ont inconvenient for occupation , from the circumstance of being much insulated from the occupation reads , or -wasting too much Ian Js In such roads , the proprietor of said lot or Iota may have a fresh choice according to measure and quality out of the unappropriated or
suepius lands at his or their option if applied for to the committee -within twelve months from the time of the original ballot ( thatall maybe satisfied , and all may be comfortable ) by paying into the pnblic treasury , one dollar for each and every such small lot , and the expenses that may be thereby incurred—and may farther if desirable at tha time of such exchange , enlarge bis lot from land adjoining his fresh choicb or 'Other unappropriated { land bypnrcbase st the valuation of the committee , and may be accommodated in the payment by security in the premises at the discretion of the committee—thiB is another advantage derivable from the surplus or township appropriation .
2 bth . —That the town front next the river shall be left open and free , aa Etatsd in the rule , for public promenade , health , and - greater safety from accidental floods in case snch should occur , which sometimes happens in America in even well seleeted sites—that tha houses be all built Kith * the first floor a few feet above tbe natural level of the laud—it -will give greater scops to the future improvement of the street—nnd thafc foot paths be left free for public use along both banks of the river , the whole leDgth of tha township ( eight miles ) for the exercise and health of the inhabitants , and that styles or gates be fixed to accommodate the same , and that the said foot paths be always kept in sufficient passable or walking repair , by the owners of the lands respectively , tbe committee to have power to enforce tbe same .
26 th . —That in selecting the town site especial regard be bad te future capabilities or possible future capabilities ; cboosiQg a rather elevated situation near a navigable river , for future conveyance of merchandize , should be a first essential , —salubrity and good soil with contiguity of fuel another , though navigation may relieve or assist in the article of fuel—then tbe land to the extent required to be seleeted in tha form described in the 9 th rule or as near as may be—and as the command of water power is one of the most essential points as regards town employment , and without town employment so ttrwn can make much progress—this by a judicious foresight may be obtained to a great extent by selecting as above stated , a town site upon somewhat of an em i nence , or elevated plot , or gentle rise near the river ; then previous to any allotmest being made , a
tract of land ranging to some convenient higher point of tho river should be -determined upon , and reserved for the purpose of a water course or canal * to terminate upon the highest level of said eminence , yet sufficiently regulated to prevent any overflow to the damage of the town or adjacent lauds , —here a reBervoir would comr mand every poirt of'the town for domestic supply , and furnish power to any number of mills the original stream may be equal to : this also to be public property , and be undertaken at public cost , and will become a source of great and advancing revenue as the town advarces in business and population , by tale , orienting the power , aB the came may be required—but in the mean time the tract need only be reserved—scrupulously reserved as an essential to the future prosperity of the town .+
27 fca—That building sites for two hotels be set off froan the town allotment , at the two opposite corners of tbe foot of the principal cross btreet , and fronting the river , of such dimensions as may be thought sufficient , which said street shall be at least thirty yards wide , extending across the whole town allotment from the river to the town ' s utmost boundary , expanding to a square sufficient to accommodate the future market , at the low end thereof , and shall be called Marketstreet , and Market-square respectively . The said building sites shall be set out previons to any apportionment of the town lot to tbe subscribers and shall be pnblic reserved property for the express purpose , and built at public expense , in ths speediest
manner for the immediate accommodation of arriving parties until their own dwtHinga can be completed , which said temporary hotels shall remain public ptopeity , and be conducted now and in future as Temperance Hotels , and be under the superintendence of the committee and hava pecuniary assistance from them at discretion until able to support themselves , but shall alwayB hereafter with . all others be conducted upon strict principles of total abstinence from Bpiritoua liqaors , and upon this account is the pecuiiiarj assistance given , and that no other description of hotel bo ever p rav . tted ; thus one fruitful source of misery and crime is intended to be prevented from tbe very commencement of this interesting settlement .
And provided the Colony should be located in tbe State of Illinois or in the Territories of lows or Wisconsin * a most pleasing and profitable employment might be pursued by females and the younger branches offamihes , encouraging the growth of the Mulberry Tree and the increase of the Silk Worm , 28 th—That a suitable site for a pnblic school and master ' s house , -with room for ample conveniences to the same , bs reserved from the town lot , reganl beirt ; had to the most desir&bie and central situation , the expense of bnilding &T > d master ' s salaiy to be defrayed from the public fuada or proceeds of the pnblic lands sufficient to encourage a first-rate teacher , the teBt of whssa abilities shall be Judged of by some future determination , as also whose children be free er otherwise—a similar appropriation shall also be made in the country districts upon similar principles .
29 th . —That a reserve be made out of the town lot to assist cr form a salary for a clever medical practitioner , -whose abilities :: mu » t be sufficiently attested ; this in order to secure a i respectable one from the com * mencemest . 30 th . —That a reserve of five acres of land in some suitable location in the : town lot be appropriated fcs a cemetery-equally available to all classes—nevertheless private family portions may be disposed of by the committee to such ss require that privilege ; tbe proceeds of these sales to be in aid of the public funds or treasury , and under the management of the C 9 xnmittee . 21 st . —That a public saw and grist mill bo at the earliest opportunity proceeded with , as pnblic property , under the direction of tbe committee , and regulated hereafter aa occasion may require .
J 32 nd . —That all -woodB , -waters , water courses , quarries of every material , mines , and minerals , Bhall be freely and folly enjoyed by and wholly the property of the proprietor in whose lands they may be included . 33 rd . —That all forms of religion be equally respected and accommodated as regards property , and their ministers supported in such manner as their respective congregations approve . 34 th . —That all cases of difference or dispnte be Beltied by arbitration , in order to preserve the harmony and unanimity of tbe society ; and that tbe committee or council ( whichever nama the acting body are known by hereafter ) be considered standing arbitrators , to vrhom all such cases shall be referred , or to ¦ whom they shall appoint .
3 oth- —In case of an original proprietor , his heirs or assigns , disposing of the whole uf hU allotment , the beneficial right in the township and town funds shall be in the purchaser , provided he buy the "Whole allotment—but if it bt sold pi parcels the said right shall be adjndicated amongst- the respective purchasers by tha committee or their successors jointlywith the trustees of the township ianda , by a majority of at least twethirds in number and vahie . 36 th . —That each member pay threepence per month for every ten acres lot subscribed for , towards the expenses of sending cut person ^ to select and purchase the land , surveying , dividing , and other incidental expenses , until the whole be completed , and tho full amount of said expenses discharged .
37 tb . —That persons "wishing to retire from this society § be allowed to dispose of their lots to any other person , with the consent of the committee ; tbe purchaser thereof making goo ^ all arrears , if any , or to be liable to the same in like manner as the original proprietor "would h iva been . 38 th- —That if any lot or lots of land remain two years unclaimed , o ? unoccupied , after the adjudication cr apportioning of tie same , they shall be forfeited and merge in the general property , because this is not a schema or speculation of protit by purchasing land with a view of gain by the improvements of others , but as a means of bettering the condition of the industrious , by mutual simultaneous fxertion .
39 tn . —That nona hut persons of known good reputation , and of sober and industrious habits , beej-cour a ^ ed to juin this society ; this 13 essential .
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* AU along -which canal there wmld be powerful waUrfaUst ' . own to the river again , of different degrees of elevation , mere especially at the terminns in ths town , wLare thty m 5 £ ht probably ranse from twenty to thirty or ferry feet , with a constant head of water in the reservoir so aa to be at all times preserved from tha power of frost . f II a sufficiently po-Rerful river be selected , which may donbUess fat foand either upon tbe Mississippi or Wisconsin livers in the territory of Wisconsin ; the situation ct >/ MD 3 Eding the whole volley of ths Mississippi by ¦« atbT communication , and its numerous branch navigations opening out the vast territories of tbe Far West , as a market for ite manufactures of whatever kind , sad tee great facilities the said navigation affords for obtaining the raw material from the lower States bordering on the Mississippi .
Iron ore cf the finest quality is had from the Iron Mountains of Missonri , 'where it is procured without digging for , merely taken from the surface of the mountains . There is also the probability of finding coal in the Wisconsin or Iowa district ; it is already in inexhaustible quantities in the neighbouring state of PtSffiBylvsnia . J It trill behoTe the parties making the contract with the Go- » c : ijniti , i Agent to attend to the subject matter of tais iule , as they cannot give a perfect title unless they them&clvus possess it .: § Before they have fully ^ paid up their subscriptions , er ijaverewired their titleJdeeds ; for alter completing their purchase , it is evident they may dispose of their property as they please .
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40 th . —Tha' although so ; ue of thess rules are calculuted for the future , or advanced state of the assuci > - tion , yet as they show a provision for the same , it U resolved that th ; y stand as part of tho code—subject , nevertheless to revision—improvement , or even rescinding according to future circumstances , at any general meeting of the proprietary called for the purpose—of which meeting a full month's public notice shall be given to the skid proprietary previous to discussing the subjact—and that no rule shall be dispensed with , 01 become binding , but by the authority of meetings so constituted oricalled together .
41 sfc—Persons residing io any part ot the Country may form societies on these rules , by sending the names ot new members to be entered in the general register monthly , nud by transmitting their subscriptions quarterly , to ba deposited in the Halifax Joint Stock Bank ; land for copies of rules , and , any other information connected with the ' society , application may be made to any of the following gentlemen , and if by letter post-paid , inclosing three penny postage stamps . Mr . Pitkethley , Merchant , Boston Road , Huddersfleld . Mr . Jabez Todd , Grocer , Upperhead Row , Huddersfield . Mr . Joseph Nicholson , Printer , Grove Street , Halifax . Mr . William Haigh , Gentleman , Wade Street , Halifax .
Mr . Thomas Bewley , Gentleman , Setmurthy , near Cockernsouth , Cumberland . Mr . Elijah Crabtree , Agent , Broad Street , Halfax . The original rules of the Society , were , for the purpose of improvement , placed in the hands of Thomas Bowley , Esq ., a member of tbe Society of Friends , residing at Setmurthy , near Cockermouth , Cumberland , a gentleman possessed of much practical knowledge , having resided some years in tbe United States , and devoted much attention to the subject . The foregoing are th 9 rules In their improved state , subject , Of course , to such amendment aa circumstances may render expedient . ! ;
Before I proceed to give those necessary cautions and instructions to Emigrants , without which my object would be incomplete , I beg the attention of the reader to three very * important communications I received from my esteemed friend , Mr . B » wley , and which communications are too valuable aud too closely interwoven with my subject , to be kept from tbe public eye . I therefore give them without further prbface ; —
No . 1 . Setmurthy , near Cockermouth , 7 th mo . 23 rd , 1842 . Respected Freind . —Having in the course of last week seen an advertisement of a published letter of Dr . John Smiles to yourself , on the subject of Emigration to the United States , I was induced to send to Manchester for a copy , - which having received , I am much struck and animated with" the correspondence of bis views and senriments with my own . " I have been a few yeara in the States of Now York and Pennsylvania , and in the Lower Province of Cauada ( four years in the city of Montreal ) , but not in the territory of Wisconsin , though I have heard much of it ; and "which 1 consider highly favourable to the English agriculturalist ,, or to the English generally .
' * I frequently saw their native papers in Philadelphia , hence my decided good opinion . I hud farmed precisely the sdtno idea of a company of known ( to each other ) Englishmen purchasing at once a comprehensive tract of land , combining as much as might ba , every requisite for future application , 08 to quality of land , climnte , means of transfer , water convenience both for mechanical operation and navigation , with other el ceicras . I have bean more immediately led to this speculation from tbe circumstance of having a few nephews who have lost tbsir parents , and whose prospects in this country present nothing but gloom , together with young rising families for whom no cheering prospect can be anticipated . They are at present occupial in farming and mining pursuits , and are healthy , strong , and industrious .
" I buv $ had consultations with them on thia subject ; and had formed the plan of going out with thtra as pioneer , into thiB very territory , for somo time before seeing the above letter . ; " Now the perusal has added considerable animation to my mind , arid opened a much more extensive view of the subject . I should be tiuly glad to contribute the remaining energies of my mind to the furtherance of some plan of this nature which Dr . Smiles and yourself , with others , may concoct , and as introductory thereto , shall be truly giratifled with your correspondence .
" I have no [ family of sons , but have two daughters , both married , one in Liverpool , to Robert Abbott , 8 , Elliot-street , Clayton-equate , and the otter to Robert Benson ' , in Preston , both wholesale grocers and tea dealers ; so that my own family interests form no part of my inducements , but an earnest desire to rescue my unprovided-for nephews from the difficulties staring them in the face in this country , as also to extend that probable benefit aa widely as possible to iny suffering countrymen . I have no wife living- ^ -am blessed with exceeding good health and constitution , with much of
the active energy of youth for such undertakings—perhaps superior—being more modified by experience . " Dr . Smiles appears to expect you visiting the States this present summer . Should this be the case , perhaps some of your home friends will favour me 'with the information ; if inot , and this cornea to you * own hand , pleaise favour me with your correspondence which 1 shall be happy to respond to . I am , most respectfully , Yuur friend , TUOMAS BEWLEV . "Address me , t « the care of Joseph Watson , Danker , Cockermouth . ; . : " To Mr . Pitkethly , HndfJersBeld . "
No . 2 . "Setmurthy , nearCockmnoutb , lltbmo loth , 1812 . "Esteemed ; Friend , —Thy acceptable letter of the 9 th inst , came to hand on tbe 14 th , having laid at Cockermouth a few days . We have not daily intercoarse with the' town . " 1 have paid sreat attention to its contents . As far as concerns my taking active proceedings in promoting the extension of the Association it seems premature , inasmuch as I am in ianorance of 3 out eutiid ViefJS , conditions , and * egulati » ns .
" If you have drawn up any prospeotua or plan of procedure , I should esteem it a favour if tbou wouldst transmit me a copy , in order to weigh tbe matter , and become fully master of your views of the subject , bo as to point out the advantages likely to be derived , and to meet the inquiries : md objections that may be expected toarise even from those favourable to Emigration and the plan generally ; and , if necessary , to make such additions as my expedience of , and my acquaintance with , the country and the habits of the people may dictate ; Eubject . iJotwithstanding , to the approbation of the Association so far as formed , that sre may act in nnison . ¦
" As stated in my former letter , my views were latterly litnitted to pioneering the road for the benefit of my nephows , but expanded on tho perusal of Dr . Smyles's printed . Utter . As your absence has prevented or delayed intercomniuncainn , so as not fuly to understand your views and intended mode of procedure , that object seems now the most necessary first step ; and to attain which I am now fully at liber ' ty , as well as to devote my whole attention and energy to its furtherance , in scuvo exertion , if the plan of scheme meet my viows ; as also iu such suggestions as I may be enabled to lay before the Association for their
approbation an-J a- ' option , as it will be desirable and ticcsfiary to trivet every possible objection , as well aa to give entire satisfaction in the modo of r . using ttie money , iis safe depu-it until a purchase Bhall ba made , and various olliev pecuniary considerations : then the mode of survey , nud equitable distribution , roads , reservo for schools , and other beneficial institutions and worltd , evea though not immediately wav . ' . cd , ought to be foseseen and provided for , with a very liberal and ample plan and scale of a town by nil means upon the banks of a river available to navigation , aud on both baiiko if possible .
" I am conversant in ship and boat building , especially a superior plan of propelling by steam not y * t in practice , peculiarly applicable to inland navigation . I have also been engaged in practical agriculture the greatest part of my life , both in this country and the United States ; and I apprehend the most efficient Bervica 1 could rentier would be in that couatry , in seltcUng a location , and arranging the purcbuse , ic , as tbe thing should be gone about with a codsider . ibie knowledge of the people and country , v > il ' a somewhat of apparent indifference , but as the A ' . ntrric-ua say , *• wide awake ; " more of thia hereafter . In tc * meantime , I should ba glad if you would detail a little of your tour 5 your . 'impressions as you went along , both as to the country and the people ; the route you took from Montreal ; your interview with Dr . Smyles ; his sentimtnta in personal communication ; and lbs locality you might hava most approved for future operations , either in your own judgment , or iu conjunction vrith the Soetor .
" Your frier . J , John Leach , who replied to my former letter in your abs&nca , stated that two societies wars being formed or forming—one at H ;;! ifax > and the other at G . usgow ; but I have bad no communicution with them , consequently know nothing of tlieir plans or progress . I have preferred , aa it were , lajing upon my oars until informed of the result of your tour : and am sorry to find the state 0 I > trade ar . d confldet . cg at bo low an ebb ; it will diacourago many in their views of emigration , for it is astou-ahing how readily and eagerly people , especially fuuiew , lay bold of every discouraging circumstance as au excuse for their own apathy : although they acquiesce in the opinion of the benefit of emigrati » n generally , whilst property remains , they are cowardly individually and difficult to be moved ; local p rejudices and family ties seem difficult
to overcome . " Although I amffully able to appreciate all your views to the' utmost , it is notwithstanding expedient and desirable to have ] one uniform code or plan of procedure , tangible , and comprehensible by all , and to which all may be referred . If this be not already done , it ia desirable that it now be forthwith , embracing every substantial fact I could wish us to make a powerful demonatration- ^ a great master effort—one grand model settlement , combining all that is valnable
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1 in cur own institutions , andjall tfcat ca 1 ' ba culled f rom tho Americans , or otb . tr sources , &r . ci nt or new , forming a complete establishment of judicial , socia , moral , and intellectual -worth . | " PethupB I m . « y be sunning along too fast ; but it u well to have every possible combination of good in view , and to plan accordingly . Whatever is omitted or neglected in the outset is with difficulty aft rwards brought into operation . ' I am decidedly of opinion that ngrist and saw mill should be undertaken in the Brat instance by the
Association , unless aome experienced person ghould ba dejrirouB of undertaking it Jon his own account . Even that ia not the most desirable ; they are the two most essential first requisites , anil ought to be at the command of the directing body . ) A short paragraph ia out local papers , referring to some known person for information , may , when that information is complete , be useful and proper . When ( any communication on the subject is committed to your papers , please forward a copy to my address . j " I am most respectfully thy friend , J " Thomas Bewley .
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No . 3 . " Setmurthy , near Cockermouth , } 12 ta Mo . 17 th , 1342 . "Esteemed Friend , L . Vitkethly . —Thine of the 3 rd inst ., and one from E . Crabtree , Halifax , under date 1 st instant , accompanied by the rules of the Emigration Society now forming , came to my hand together on the 7 th . He mentioned having received the letter 1 addressed to tbee on the 10 th ult , and which be expressed had given himself and the society at Halifax much satisfaction . I may in reply , thank you both for your favourable sentiments , and also assure you that it will give me great pleasure to be in any degree " instrumental , " in progressing the society or ita views
. " Since I have received the rules of the society , I have devoted my time very fully to the consideration of them , and to their future bearing . I have analyzed them very fully and approve them generallybut as they do not so fully j embrace ths subject as my views extend , I have reconstructed them , retaining the substance and adding what hath so far occurred to myself in addition . } Whao I have a little longer weighed their bearing ia their more extended form , I intend transmitting a copy to E . Crabtree , and if time would ptrurit whilst thou remaineth at Glasgow , I feel disposed to do the same
to thyself : perhaps they mi < ht be somewhat useful to the society forming there , if they be disposed to form an union with tbe " Westj Ridjng ; " but this I must leave to thy better means of judging . An additional reason for uniting the two societies is the smallness of the land allotment fixed by your rules , viz ., 10 , 240 acres—it will incur nearly as much expense in a person going out , selecting , surveying and purchasing as a larger lot . ( I should suppjoae one competent person sufficient on account of the expenses , or rather in order to keep them as low as possible . ) w _ v - - _ r — _ _ — - ~ - j ^ - -- — - - — - _ wf
^^ I have fixed , and calculated according to double that quantity , viz ., 20 , 480 acres ; and have also varied , the form , say eight miles in length , by four in breadth , to be if possible in equal , or nearly equal halves on t-ach side of some navigable r . ver , or onu that can easily be made navigable for boats or steam vessels . ( I have previously mentioned my acquaintance with steam navigation . ) Steam vessels in America are made to draw very little water , I should say two-and-a-half or three feet may be found sufficient fur such inland navigation , as is here contemplated . [ " Then the form » f the ; plot of land I have mentioned admits of the greatest facility t j the most remote settlers upon it , aa none will bo over two miles from water carriage , and it may be further possible to meet with aome branch navigation making it still mure accessible , but at all ever . ts , it suay ba said to bring the most remote within the limits herd assumed .
" Theu tha larger the p . oti the less the outside fence will be in proportion . A lkrg > r association will also reduce the individual outlay , ] for unavoidable expenses in the purchase , aurvey , < fec . I also differ from tbe rules in regard to the town lot . jl prefer its being public or joint property , for several reasons which are givoa in the rules I-have alluded to ; and aa the town let will necessarily have to bo deducted from the aggregate amount of acres in whatever way appropriated ; the highways and occupation roads must also be abated from tbe said aggregate : it ( therefore follows that fuH ten aer £ a cannot be set out to each share . I have
therefore so apportioned these shares as to meet the circumitances , and leave a balance as public propertystill calling the ten acres shares— " original ten acre lots , " which I think will receive no opposition , as each individual will have an interest and a benefit in the public property , and in its increasing value . And further , the present sacrifice ia so trifling , in the first instance . The roads , at ah events , must have to be abated before any apprjpriat on can take place , all this will more fully appuar upoa reforsccj to the said code of rules , which 1 have with considerable attention and care drawn up for the con&idjeratv n of the socisty , embodying their views a ? niuch ' jas 1 can with my ovsn , as before observed . i
"I hope thou his been able in the course of thy journey to find persons who duly appreciate the merits of the plan , and who will spirittdlyfoo-oporatij in its completion . I wait with anxious desira to know what may probably ba exptcted , ani Should indeed be highly gratified -whenever opportunity and place can ba found for pe * B < 8 nftl intei-wietv . I " From E . Orabtree ' s letter , it appears but fewseem yet to have embraced tb . 9 plan , aid from the sleoder amount of acres I should suppose tbosu few of rather slender means . It will bo urcessajyi if possible , to hava some pretty weighty subscribers , jl should like to hear of
individuals , practical agriculturalists , putting down their names for ¦ whole sections ; there ought to baa decided majority of that profession , for although others may become formi-ris , thoy will themselves labour und-jr considerate inuouvonieuce f pr years , that is , in comparison with these more familiar with the business . Moreover , there is the necessity for men of capital . I shall with pleasure resume , after I hear from thee and after thy return ; and in the mean time , rest assured ot my sincere friendship and interest in the project . ' ¦ I am thy friend , " Thos . Bewley . "
I have considered that it will be useful to the pnblic to publish th
Letter , No . 3 , is no loss . valuable than the first and secend ; inoa / . uach aa it demlonstt&tes the practicability and advantages of the jspheme . It is als * peculiarly calculated to awaken a spirit of iiqairy and criticism which must lead to ajbeneflcial result , if conducted in a proper spirit , It also shows tbe great advantage which must accrue from the 0 ppii 6 . 1 t . i 0 n of a mind bo admirably calculated to develops the principles in all thtir beariags . in the person of Mr . Hewley , we find a gentleman possessing & mind poculiarly adapted to the subject ; j a man possetsini ; « xteusive kuowl-. dge and practical experience , ami who being free from the cai'cs of family and business , and secluded from the bustling throng , is tnabl-id to devote his entire thoughts to this his darling subject ; and 1 feel contidont ' shat I only echo the feelings of thousands , wh « n I say thU I feel no less jproud than grateful for Buch nivuluable aid . I
From my extensive and multvsitioas communications and correspondence I find thai ; intniany instances that ra " colony" i 3 confounded with tjm word '' community . " However let it be understood that every property will be distinct . y and separately the property of an individual © r family , or company , asjtv . 9 caaB may bt ); but that no mite « n * . ts to prevent jany pumfcer of individuals from combining and sttbspn ^ . ng lor one or more lots , and upou which they mayj funtt a community of goods . That is a matter left entirely to themselves , and to bo arranged upon the | r own estates . Those who take 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 , or lod acres , will , in proportion to the extent , have proportionate interest in the property reserved for general puruosts ; but that claim witi apply only to the extent of ; the land , and not to the number of personB locatbd thereon ; and each will have it in his power to dispose tf his property the same as any ene not having tinkered a colony but , who has purchased his property on the common individual plan .
No other plan than this exislBtcherebp a person can purchase less than eighty acies ; the sroall ^ jt . quantity which the Government wi . i s ^ ll , unless at doable , tnble , and often ten and twenty-fold the original price . The maney will be piid to tj e American Consul in this country ; so that no one eboll have occasion to be entrusted with the funds , :. nd , consequently , they cannot be misapplied . Tho pric ^ is one dollar and a quarter per acre , which is equal to five shillings and ponce-halfpenny ; Ten acres wi . 'ljonJj cost £ 1 12 s Id ! t cot half the amount paid to many of the aristocrats in the shape of rent fur ouu acreend from which
, the tenant is fitquently liable toj b 8 ejected : whereas the consolation in this caso is in tbo knowledge that you ate settled upon your ovmjl&ud , from which no landlord can remove you—wherl no one can demand rent , tithes , or Easter dues , and where the taxes are merely nominal—that you are free and independent , and that every i mprovement you , effect is for your own advantage , and . will ba handed down to your posterity . It is not an affair in which one is to profit by the industry of another : but a scheme for mutual and general advantage , each one having a voico in the government of a . l public property ] matter , or thing .
No specubti < n with which I am icquointed weald afford anequi ! certainty of a large nnd quick return to any capitalist who migbt invest bis money in the colony . It ia univenally known that even in Britain the price of land is very much aflvc ' . ed by j tbe numbers of tbo population upon it ; that ia tbe neighbourhood of large towns tho land Is higher in value ] than ii ia ia the vici-
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nity " of-small Uwes and villages . Imagine then how diucIl create * the difference must be in the remote parts of tiw United States where thereareso few settlements . I have in the " Notes of my Tour" given some few cases , especially at Chicago , of the rapid rise in the value of land , and particularly building ground ; and one instance where about a quarter of an acre had risen within a few years from five-sixteenths of a dollar to forty thousand dollars . This was effected by an increase of population , and the consequent establishment of a little traffic , which , With a moderate number Of COlOniatS , could most assuredly be equalled in the projected colony in a very few years , and which must induce the rich to invest their funda in tbe soil , and also in carlying out such improvements as may be deemed necessary ; such , as roads , bridges , canals , or railways , and in assisting poor persons to locate themselves upon tho land , all which departments being alike sure and profitable investments .
Persons who have been engaged in agricultural pursuits ought to take a deep interest in the formation of the colony ; farmers being pre-eminently qualified for the object , while it affords the most ample field for the display of their skill and talent . The breeding and rearing of cattle and sheep may be turned to good account , and fowls may be increased to any extent . Many have turned their attention to the breeding of sheep and growth of wool . I saw some of the finest sheep I ever beheld , and I have no doubt but the finest wool may ba grown in the Far West ; and for carrying on manufactures of every . necessary description there cin be every possible facility afforded . It is not improbable that minerals may b 9 obtained in the colony , which would afford an additional source of industry and wealth . Tha selection of tha situation must be mad a with
great care and caution , 8 f ter the most minute enquiries and investigation of all the regions within the prescribed territories . The extent of land on which to select thejlocatlon fa so immense ; the quality so various ; the difference of situation so important ; the existence of water-falls of any weight and extent for mechanical purposes ; the certaipty that coal and other valuable minerals abound ; the" knowledge that the difference between prairie and wooded land in regard to clearing and cultivation , and that part wooded and part clear is , with a geod soil , no secondary consideration , nor that water and other cheap and easy conveyance to a good market must not be lost sight of , and that a healthy situation is above all oth e * considerations , renders the trust Of selection one of vast responsibility .
The extent of population gives additional valuo to tbe land , buildings , mines , and every description of prod ' uee . In the Western States of North America , where the population is so small , this is peculiarly visible . To this the Yankees , by birth or adoption , are perfectly alive , which is made evident to every one who visitsthem , and who are one and all hotly pressed , by every argument which ingenuity can devise , to settle , on their land , or in their immediate neighbourhood . Wherever a town can ba projected and designated by the name of s-me European metropolis , or city of renown , up gets the price of Iand , or plots , set apart by the projector far building , from tho original price of one and a quarter dollars per acre , to ten ,
twentyforty , eighty , and upwards , for one-eighth part of aa acre . I have seen a plot of thic kind get up to 40 , 000 dollars , as stated fn my account of Chicago . In an infant town , of no large population , if a house is required upon rent , nearly , if not altogether , tha amount which the building cost will be charged for one year ' s tent , bo that by going out individually , or in single families , aa is generally the case , the tax ia this way upon Emigrants is enormous . I therefore prefer a scheme of " Mutual Aid , " but independent property colony ; whereby , instead of submitting to such heavy imposts , we shall be enabled to give Brother Jonathan a Rowland for an Oliver ; and be ourselves enabled to sell building plots in the
projected town , ia the centre cf tha colony , to our brethren at their own price ; or houses may be built , as they do theirs , at a very Bra all cost , and let to them on their own terms . And be it understsod that while the town increases in b ' zb and population the property will proportionably increase in value , and tha fanaa and country allotments will be increased in the same ratio ; and in a very short time , with proper management , would enable the fortunate holders to sell , if they so wished it , at twenty dollars per acre , and that would go on increasing to more than double the amount iu value . This is no visionary picture , for I have seen it to an immense extent : and this is one great source of wealth to the Americans .
The . first public property in that colony would , fn all probability , be a grist mill , next a saw mill , then such schools as might be required for the children , a post omce , library and news-room . Every description , of , manufactures found necessary could ba carried on by water power . The finest sheep could be bred and kept . Exceedingly fine wool could be grown at a very trifling expenca , also fiix and hemp . The mulberry ( and a new plant the name of which I have lost ) is cultivated and many employed at their own homes in manufacturing silk from the worm . Farmers , mechanists , and artiflc ? ra in every department of trade would ba required .
Let it be borne in mind that I advise none to leave their native land ; I would rather they would rise in all their native dignity , display their own omnipotence , regenerate their " fallen country , and , with . it , themselves . Such a triumph would be worth , a universe ! Emigration schemes would lose their charms , and evaporate , while all would remain on their native soil , in tha m : dat of plenty , contentment , and happiness . Could I bnt discover one dawn of hope—could virtue and patriotism be so far united as to inspire my countrymen to make one grand , united , peaceful , but determino >; l tSfbrt , my paper , pen , and ink would instantly lay uriuaed , and I should be found in the froW ^ f the holy band .
I work for those who love liberty sufficiently to cause them to watch its enemies so closely , as to keep one eye open while asleep ; who are ready at all times for the fl « H of combat against the common foe ; but I hold no communion with the monsters in human shape who are ever , ready to devour our species . Therefore I shall proceed to carry forward my views for the benefit of the deserving few , iu the anxious hope that my information and experience may in s : mo measure conduce to their happinessa . ( To be continued . J
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Singular Suit . —The German papers speak of a strange circiim&tance , which ia about to give birth to a law suit . A middla-aged man was not lone sinc ^ pl aying pharo at Ko 8 then , in tke principality of A- ; haft . Ho had been playing for some time , when the card ho htld wou 1 , 000 ducat 3 . The dealer handed over the money , and inquired how he washed to continue the game : but tho made no reply .
Repeating the question , and receiving no answer , ne d " f sired one of the bystanders to see if something was not the matter witi the man . He did so , and tbe player was found to baacprpse ! The dead ' body was taken , away , and the dealer very coolly drew back his 1 , 000 ducats , saying that the game was a symalla ^ matio contrac t , made between persons capaHls of fulfilling its conditions , and could not be supposed to hold good between tho living and the dead . The heirs have claimed the sum , and tho matter has been referred to the tribunals .
A Wheeling Article . — Going to dinner tha other day , we saw a little codger , about two years ' old , sit' . ing in a wheelbarrow and trying to wheel himsolf . h struck us that many peoplein this world are often cawyhi in the same act , and we shall always think—hereafter : — When we see a business man trusting everything to his clerks , and continually seeking his own amusement—always absent from his connting-house , and yet expecting to get along—ho ' s sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself .
When we see a professional man . better acquainted with every thing else than his profession , always starting some new scheme , and never attending to his calling , his wardrobe and credit will sooa designate him as sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself . When we see a farmer with an over-abundance of " hired help , " trusting everything to their management , his fences down , implements out of repair , and land suffering for want of proper tillage—too proud or too lazy to off-coat and go to work—he" ' a
sitting in a wheelbarrow , trying to wheel himself . Whea wo see a mecbanie run half a square every day to borrow a newspaper , and may be hate to wait ten or fifteen minutes before he can get it , we shall suspect that the time he loses would soon pay live subscription , and consider htm Bitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to . wfteel himself . When we sea a man busily engaged in circulating scandal concerning his neighbour , we infer he ia pretty deep in the mud himself , and is sitting in a wheelbarrow , aad trying to wheel himself out . — Wheeling Gazette .
More Leeches—Pensions -Civil List . —A List I of all Pensions granted between the 20 th day of June 1842 , and the 20 th of Jane , 1843 , and charged upon the Civil List ( pursuant to the Aot of 1 Victoria , 0-2 ); - September 24 , 1842 . —Louisa , Baroness Lehzea ( in consideration of the faithful services rendered by her to her Majesty during a period of eighteen years ) , £ 400 . Nov . 17 , 1842 . —Elizabeth Daverear Kennedy and Anna Maria Kennedy , sisters of Sir Robert Kennedy , late commissary-general , ( Additional pension , in testimony of the public services of their late brother ) , . € 200 .
Nov . 17 , 1842 . —William Wordsworth , E > q . ( in consideration of his distinguished literary attainments ) , £ 3 i ) 0 . Nov . 25 , 1842 . —John Curtis , Esq . ( in consideration of his zsaions devotion to science ) , £ 100 . Nov . 25 , 1842 . —Richard Owen , Esq ., member of the Royal Codege of Surgeons , Hnnterian Professor , and one of the Conservators of the Museum ( in consideration of bis distinguished exertions in the improvement of science ) , v £ 200- Total , £ 1 , 200 . G . Clerk .. Whitehall , Treasury Chambers , June 29 .
Untitled Article
6 TH E NORTHERN STAR J
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1221/page/6/
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