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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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XEEEAIi AND THE CHARTER . iQjg tanners are "waving o'er "tower and steeple , . inn freedom calls load on her sacs to engage ; 52 JE glorious struggle is now for the people , ^ d tyrants mist yield to the Jight of the age . iQje sons of JBbenna are ready for tattle , With Bpldts iMpandhig to liberty ' s call , "Who , t » Q > ct than they -mil be treated U&exa&le , Are determined to conquer , or gloriously ML Trtpw Britons awake 1 and resist all coercion , Oi the storm Trill descend onyonr children and you "Who does noi remember to bloody dispersion . In eighteen and nineteen of famed Peterloo ? In one toac » of thunder in favour « f Erin , Speak death to the slaves who shall dare to assail A peaceable nation , "who are bat preparing To regain their lost right * by an Act of Xspeal . "What sacrifice Ib too treat far the blessings
Tbitmsnshall EBJoyirhBnMsfreeticm is won ? TfftTnnTft ithaT ] ytTmy ^ mj pf f | iffiling _ n « am . re 3 T « Bide over the people , and Ismpls them dotm . ?* bt » n Tritons arlseT on fWc noble occasion , And your Toice ^ "trill be echoed from * very shore , 23 > y the labouring minions of every nation , TKfat ) , . Eke yon , ais detenained tbefr zj £ hto to restore . . And , aionia ihsy jefuse both Repeal and the Charter , Shall ve haul to oar flag , sod abandon the cause ? Ho , raSier march on to the enemy ^ oaarter * . If or rest till both onsets are part of onr laws . The few cfer the many "will -eeass their dominion , ¦ jyien tie many unite , and resolye to be free . 2 Jo army can trample down public opinion ; 52 se victory ^ won when the people decree I ¦ Alt . ak DATEypoxx July 242 i , 1843- . *•
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SO 2 CG . Up—Up Tfith onr flag ; shall our eonxsse be shown 3 s Hie cause of on tyrants , 2 nd . not in our own ? Shall ire move , ever first , onihe < 2 jeasboardrf £ ame , ! To be barter'd like pavrns -while -we're winning the &mas ^ The-victora « id -victims , lor profligate lords , $ oo oft in a strife thst dishonour "*! onr swords ; Yet , shrink from the combat , for altar and hearth , In the home of our sires—the green land of onr birth ? Tu onr mxtxrril righl—U we haTe been snbaned—To ana us again , "when onr strength is renewed—If ocr sires tare been plundered , insulted , fiiagrac'dj Shall the nataonal landmarks be never replaced ? If the pitiful gleanings of honour and -wealth Have been gather ed ia silence , and almost by stealth , Shall oor country he stall las broad field Iftat ice sow TFith glory and gold—to be xeap'd by ihe foe ?
We suflcfd in patience—fill p&Qenea became , like the snow round fhs crater of monntalnonsflsniej Yet-complaints , like the smoke which coulQ not be reprgKS'd , SboVA tbe smouldering fire affll at "irori in onr breast : And what duLaaityxsxi . baiB soethe discontent ? "Why , they odSed ^ tew ixsatt trad wrong to resent . And uow let them look for the lava to -wreathe Thti villaa and vineyards they planted beneath . ! Thfi ¦ worm lor the earth , and the eagle for afar , Hare a pow * r and a purpose conagn'd to their care ; And vsan—wbetha dwelling in castles , or cells , Sas a poVr fcr the good of the land -where ha tin dis . Shall ¦»* give izp fvr ersr £ ha * powar—bo long Torn from ns—tnrn'd on . us—by rapine and wrong ? 2 fo—no : 'twere *« rime , that could not be forgiv e n—A breach of the trust delegated by Heaven .
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A Practical "Wobx on the MiSiGraETT or Satiii Pabxs ; 3 T FsAaercs O'Cossoa . Nos . 1 and II . iondoiij GleaTe ; Manch ^ Ier , HejTyood ; Leeds , Hooson .
At last we haTe a Work calculated to leach CTen snimorant mannfachrring operatiTP , "howto use ihe JLand . " Tha « haTe been plenty of farmingbook ?; plenty of ** instructions f ° - plenty of * theory " beforetime but here we haTe atrork calculated for TKicncE . It is evidently the production of one -who knows TFhatlt 13 ie isTmting abont . TheconTiction is ai once inToluniarily forced upon the mind on reading the Work , that the -writer is a man of practical experience ; that he is intimate with all the details of the- question on which he treats . The ssjlsas also xmafienedly plain and clear . There is so donbt as to -what is meant by whai is said . It is widersltuidaMe . 2 ? o flights of fancy ; no soaring in the regions of imagination ; ao "ilower "; , no " poetry" ; "but plain , ample , intelligible rules for practice .
The Work is s 3 eo most opportune . It is nov that it is wanted . Now , that ths Land" is being turned-20 , 2 s a xemedy for national distress , brought on by . Mgh-taxstioa , Etoci ^ jabbin ^ , paper-iansang , and ' JDSJOiSiiABn £ g speculation ; new , that a ibe Land" / is advocated on eTery side ; note , that ° allotisents" j are being \ made on eTexj hand ; now , that the workin ^ -clasfes are beginning to * mploj their clvb-VBSXxS in the purchase of Land , and « nliivaae it for ibemselTes ; now , ibat ihe worJaog-peopie gener-, sSij are talking of a Isxuosxl Lasd Besefit ScaETT , and of a LiGiL Schois for a Practical . Exeekoest rpwt ihe Lasb : it i 3 note , when an ' almost uniTersal desire is icanifested to get held of ; ihe Land ; it is now , under such circnmslaaces , that this work tvmehmakes to instruct
/ I-s appearance , , all trhat to dt with the Land when they get it . } Irom snch a Work it is difienlt , as will be at once appsrest , to Eelecl aa extract for the mere news- paper reader . To give an accurate idea of thenature and scope of Eucha "WorkjTequires tbe Work j itself ; pan 5 ciilsx 3 y Trbcn it happens , ss in thisi iDstiuce , that there is nothing extraneous to the j question , but all " gennane to themalier . " Farming j optraiioHS are Tery direrdfied ; - and yei iney soj iing one to another ; hare such an intimate'con- ' jiectiDn with , and dependence on ,= each other , that it , is impossible to select one a 3 adapied to giTeaj general idea of tiiB whole . So of -lie chapters in , this Book , treating , as those chapters do , of the \ sereral ferminjj operations in successira » cd con-Becutrre orderi We EhaJl , ho ^ eTer , gire ins chapter ; on BalBiis ; forii is ealeaJaied to impart some nsefol infonnslion to many who keepJ or T ? ho may desire to keep , *• a cow , and who may be unable , or nnwiiiiag , to ** bny ( &t book . " It willj too , gire scms sort of an idea , of the nature of the Work itself , and of the mauiscr ; in which the task of the author ia being fulfilled . Here is tbe chapter just named : — ! 11 Ha-sing now disposed joi my sctjsct sa 1 st as xelsieB to -sra 3 t& lands , large iansis , xeatB , bbrss laboTO , spade j lxa&anas ^ sad msnuies , I shall proceed to disccss the > qustioa of farming , treating of each branch under Us J oinipxapcT head ; ftc-try , in order to lead my readers to a knowledge of the most proStable application © f the ' SETtral cops ; and I shall then treat of the mode 01 proaccnjjj those sereYal crops , and compare lieir rela- ; txre retUTEs fin- the amount of labour expended in their ; produc ^ cHu '
** Tbe co 7 , then , bang an indispensnble to » mother in labour , to a child in arms , to tne infant growing , to the adult in process *> f f ormaUon , to -the labourer at "Work , and to the aged In declining life , 1 treat of this domestic animsl firstly . I pity the man who has not a txm , £ B& - « ho is obliged to % rait Cii drsven by mckness to the necessity of wnfling tx > a neighbour for a fcJfp&ay or pasny worfli of the most wholesosn ? , the most 3 mtritiouB , and the most grateful beverage , li is a melancholy thing to see an able and w 21 : tg wortman r ^ uced to the necessity of feeding his little children npon unwhclesoms ^ lops , ss a subsStcts for that , of hare abnadanca
which , bad hB-fair play , he could an . 2 folabonnag ™« -n ea = say ih 3 t iw is sa ae oogirt to be ifheJs » st possessed of a corv ; VD& it is brfsnse I propose that a sufficient stock of that useful animal should eoastante ihe staple of th&arriall farmsr ' a reiksce , that Imake ih *«> w my first consideiaSian . Ipropose , that erery ir >™ occupying four acres of ground shall be possessed cf four cows as the main stock of his establishment . As , iesrerer , 1 shan enter minutely into tbe mode of treating the cow , as well as into a minute 43 I-* n ! a&Ei as to the astern to be ezjwseied iron Ssttoeat"BiEnt , I g > raTI now profiled , undt * my present head , to teat the sai 3 e « t generJly . '
"ihaTe derired my laiowledgs upon this subject from practical experience , having not oi 3 y had a dairy snysdi . but from file circumstance of firing dose to a near relation , who , lot martf jeara has made ^ large dairy offrom thirty lo fifty coirs a great iiooby , to tee pieces of ~~ --T >« ™ 5 -sraich I paia the ferj greateEt attenfios , and which he has brought lo greater P ^^ tiaaihaa any other person thst I know of , Indeed , as ssy digression which will serre my pnrpose " » 5 B be pardoned by the reader , I may here * ftewhile speakiEg cf thst genaemen , t&e ^ act of
, ^ asisbaHgone farther in esahHshing the Taloe a I ^ cigromd toaeworiiiJs maa ^ ihanallthelandlDrds aaa-tna ^ aa-smtersmcxasrEiJce . Heisaai immenseay ^" Se &a ^ TgBTaiBtoi , and lie ^^ landlord in the *^ strj . Ib even ons of his leases he insfertsacon-^ Sob , tiaS tfei fcrmer shall allow eTery labourer he * ffipit 5 ? s > much land sent . free , a house of stipulated ^ fcnensiDns , and always kept in proper repair ; sad the seEoft of this planiB , ttat a » labourers of biBtenana * na theb famffieB are as csmfortahle as the tenants fiemstrres . mnrt
^ inraagr to make profit or a dairy , lbs farmer alw ^ yshsTeiscrBcient nnmberofcowstomake « certain I 5 < aa 5 ^ y of bnSer , sj , a firldn , or about ^ xty pounds j a » nesrly as possible , at one chuHnng ; and this is onel ofaeieEscnB why I ha-re thought proper te assign lour cows to each Email farmer . It Is impossible that » H coald carry on the trade of -selling new mi * " ^ feahbntter and , QiErefoTe , in speaking of a fiairy , it j 3 nssfra ! - » P 3 y » 2 ) e treaVed as a majmractoiy for i 3 ie wbole- j * ie aEfket , mUjst fiian . as a means of snj > pr / i » g tbe I ^^ Waaand . In many parts of Ireland , lie system of iMga fenus 5 s carried only the same farmer « altirat-? £ atEcsir ^^ iid also keeping a dairy . This system M jacSsfcQ fa many parts of England as well , toa | i '
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mcstTmEOus extent , aud , fr ^ m salculations made from SUeh Sources , no lair concin ^ ons as to t- ' -J * p rofits cf a dairy can be srriTed at From twenty-two to thirty cow * , according to the siza cf the farm , in general constitute the dairy . These animals are kept upon the lands , let on * to rest , pot half fed , and , being perished ana starred in winter , just wh&n they require attention and care , the cost of renewing the stock « « tC 6 B . siTe , while their produce , beside * bsmg poor in quality , does not imonnt to one-half the quantity which the same number of cows , if pioperly fed and attended to , would produce . And yet a dairy of this kind _ » the principal reliance of the farmers for paying their May rent . An Irish farmer generally pays his NoTember rent from the sale of his harvest ; and he pays his May
rent by raising money upon the supposed produce of his dairy for the coming half year , by obtaining money at the rate of forty , fifty , sixty , and eTea seventy-two per cent from tbe butter merchant , to whom ! be is in the habit of selling Mb produce . It would not ] , then , be fair to maka wholesale calculations upon so imperfect a system ; while , there being no retail market for milk and butter in the ceuntry districts in Ireland , those who ¦ cannrt afford to keep a sufiicienfc number of eows to make the quantity required . for tie wholesale market * t once , must be rained , let me explain this to yon familiarly . If a poor manias two or three cows badly fed , he will expect to ns | kfi somewhere about ninetysix pounds weight -of buxppr * under each cow * in tbe season . He attempts to m&kfc a fiTTrin , 01 sixty pounds , for the wh . oltsa ? e market ; and which , if made at once , wonld sell as first qnality , and fetch , say £ 2 5 i or at
the rate of £ i lQi per cwt- ; whereas , it will take him six or seTen weeks to make the required amount , adding seven or eight pounds at a churning to the stock , "which , when ready for sale , has as many colours as a xsinbow , and as many different smells as a farm yard ; and , when he takes it to market , instead of getting first quality price , or £ 4 10 s . tbe cwt , it is bored , smellcd , and tasted , and branded as a * bishop , a title giTen to butter which does not merit that of 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , -4 th , or 5 th quality , and which are the several classes that thatarticle is sold under . For this he will reeerre about fifteen sbOliDga , or at tbe rate of £ l 103 . the cwt instead of £ 2 5 s ., or at the xate of £ i 10 a . per cwt , the price of first quality . Thus , fer want of a retail market , and not having a sufficient nnmber of cows to make the required quantity for the wholesale market , he loses two-thirds of the price of the article .
** I aoaH now iBy down some practical rnles for the management of a dairy . The cow being the first requisite in the establishment , I shall describe what she ought to be , and how she shonld be treated . Tbera are as many opinions as to the cow most preferable as there are different breeds : 1 shall , therefore , State the qualites for « -hich they are respectively preferred , and leave the reader to his choice . '¦ " The Ayrshire is now coming into very extensive use in all descriptions of farms , whether light or heavy ; their recommendation being their beauty , and that they thrive better than most other breeds upon light soil and scanty fodder . Their milk , however , is not to be compared to many ethers , either for quantity
-or quality ; to the Hereford for qnantity , or to the Devon or Alderne 7 fcr qnality , or to the common Irifib or English cow for either one or the other . This breed has beea pushed of late years amongt somB farmers who wonld be better without them , especially by the ' Duke of Devonshire and his friends , more I presume ^ from the state of perfection that they have bean brought to by these gentlemen npon their rich domains , than from the intrinsic merit cf thB snimaL The Ayrshire , ] however , is a good cow for a large dairyman , as she has that property xnneb prized by them , "Ti& , if she misses for milk , « hp will turn eat -veil for tbe butcher , a consideration , however , which never should weigh' with a man having only three or four cows . :
" The white-faced Hereford , is , perhaps , generally speaking , the most milch , and has the property of fat ting it an earlier age than any other breed . 1 may be allowed to state my eirn preference , and I certainly give ii lo the Henefond , abo » 3 all otcers . 7 have bad a dairy exclusively of Hereford cows ; and they avtraged over twenty-four quarts of Eilch a-day , three or four of them giving as much as sixteen quarts at a meal , and of average richness ; richer , i think , than the Ayrshire , but not so rich as the Dsvcn or Aidemey , or the common Irish or English . They require _ cood k « ep , and win give gocd orodnca in return ; and I have f onnd
them of all breeds Jbe most gentle . There ib one j > eculiarity , however , belonging to the Hereford , and from want of a knowledge of which I lest three of the very best of my cows when I first got them . ' It is this : if they make a very large show abont three weeks or a month before calving , they should be moderately milked , otherwise tbe teat becomes diseased and it is impossible t « bring them to their milk after calving . In fact , they cant givB a drop , sis the pipo is stopped up , I presnmB from the milk -which ought to have been drawn first corrupting , and then tnroinj ? to a hard lump . I haTe tried to recover this neglect by putting the calf to them , but all to no purpose .
"The Devon surpasses all others in the richness of her sailk , but is far inferior to almost any other In quantity . " The common Irish cow can scarcely be surpassed in value . Some of them will give from twelve to nYteen gnarts a ! a zneal , upon ' keep far inferior to what any other breed requires , while for richness her miik is ' mnch beyond tbe average quality . * " Tbe shortrhomed Is a breed coming intfextenaivs usa , atd I am sure I can ' t tell why , if it is uot that their rza renders them valuable to the graxier , after they shall have served their time at the dairy .
*• There is accther breed which draarves notica . the thorough bred Scotch , generally of a black and white colour , large , of beautiful symmetry , with head resembling a buck , flat in the forehead , and very pretty small horns . I know of no cow superior to a thorough hred Scotch cow ; but I regret to ssy that they have become -very scares of late years , the Ayrshire casing supplied their piece . " There iB another breed also that deserves mention ; 1 mean tbe little black Galloways that are to be fonnd in the southern counties of Scotland . I hare a great
fancy for this breed , which 1 would distinguish by the mmp of Use ¦ pour man's coir . Tiey are Teiy small , of beautiful jrymmetry , and have no horns , which , ip my opinion , Is an advantage not to be overlooked . The owners tell yon that they would live upon tfee road ; which is a mere figurative mode of telling you that they will live npon the most spare keep . They : sive ¦ very good milk , in some cases as much as ten quarts at a meal , or twenty quarts a-day , are easily fatted when dry , and win live certainly upon one-half of what a Hereford , Ayrshire , or short-homed cow would
consume . ¦ "The common English , like the common Irish , when good , in my opinion surpasses most others in this climate , and as a native of the soil is , perhaps , the "best suited to the country . - " Tbe next direction , then , that I shall give to the farmer is . how to choose his cow at a fair . He should look well about him , and make up his mind not to be captivated by the first that takes his fancy , always bearing in mind that , if taken in , his first loss is the least , as a bad cow will entail a folly Injury npon him . The head , then , should bo trell locked at ; it should be fine and rather fiaS than ronnd in the .
fcrehead . the counten&Bce mild ard gentle , tbe horn small , and of a rich creaHiy colour , well set , and not cocking the neck fiae , thin at the mane , and a fall of loose flesh underneath running towards tbe breast ; the tail and limbs shonld be fine , the hrad quarter wide , with a good space between the hind legs , and the udder spreading up towards tb . 9 chest rather than hangiDg down between the legs ; the teats , instead of hanging down , should project , pointing is it were towards the fore-legs , great attention being paid to the air ? of tbe two back teats which are nevt-r milked , a-cow usually having six teats . I have seldom seen a cow of this form that had not the two back teats nnnsually
large . * ' I have now spoken of s cow ready for milking , and with the presumption that no man would be mad enough to buy a cow that has bean stocked for sale , that ia , a cow which has not been milked for , perhaps , twenty-four hours ; a system as foalish as it is crutl , and the practice of which has destroyed many a- fine jtmtrntij » nfl has injured many an ignorant man . It -b-jII be a long time before a cow that baa been driven some distance -trith a bursting udder can be brought to herself , while she seldom thoroughly recovers for the season ; and , therefore ^ none but the hopelessly ignorant can ba injured by this cruel practice . 1 bavB frequently felt inclined to punish tbe owner of a cow that I have seen in the situation that I describe . I believe tiat under Mr / Martin's Act 1 should succeed , while , I am sure , the ruffian would deserve the pnnidjni ^ ifc .
" If the farmer is wise , he will prefer a tfcres year oI 3 heifer springing , that is , abont to calve , to any other , and for thiB reason ; because she could not have bsen preTiously injured oi sold for any fault ; and in 999 instances in every 1 , 000 , a corr , if properly treated from the commencement , wQl turn out well . "The same directions Uut I hsTe laid down for regulating the choiee cf a co-w -will also apply to . tbe heifer . If , hpweTer , the fsrmi-r should prefer a cov that has calved , 3 "wonld recommend him to ofeserre the following directions . Suppose he fancies a cow , for
which he is asked £ 12 , let him then ask what mils she gi-ves ; end if tbe ewnBi rays twelve quarts at a meal wife good feed , let the purchaser say , then I'll place the'whole amount in the bands of a mutual friend ;; I'll put the cow on good keep , and yon shall name any" day within eight as the trial day to come and seeher milked , and If BhB gives the promised quantity jon shall have ihe money- This is what is called engaging a cow , " a practice invariaoly acted noon by dairymen in Ireland , and found very beneficial . If the seller refuses ithis offer , let the farmer * tura * upon bis heel and leave him , as the caw is sure to J » tb * ome defect . So much tor the
| purchase of a dairy oow . : " Let us now consider her treatment , -which , for the present . I ahaU confine to her management , a * hereafter i I «>« H lay down rules for fseding her , supposing merely for the present that she ! b to be aa well fed as ahepossiblycanbe , In such case , then , a Tery middling cow , if well chosen , will give * wenty-f our quarto of milk a-day . GarB should be taken not to allow her to calTe much before the beginning of May , in orderthat she may be teonsbttio afuH flow of milS by an abundance of food grrenxminediately after calving . She should be turned into an open plaeewhenaboufc to calve . AssoonasBhe drops the calf , the calf should besprinkled over with abont two table spoonsful of common salt , which will induce the cow to lick it OTermore greedily , and will
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haTe the effect of mikinir her « dean' more Bpeedily . As soon as she * cleans , ' that is , as soon as she ihroWB off too calf bag , it should bs instasUy taken from hsr , and buried , as otherwise she will ba snrs te eat it . and probably suffer great injury . I am aware that a difference of opinion exsts upon this point , many believing that the' cleansing' , if eaten by tae cow , operates as a medicine . It is so asserted in the eecond volume of an admirable work entitled BrittBhHniibsndry , ' published under the superintendence of the Society forth © Diffusion of Useful Kao ^ ledge ; a book unequalled , in my humble opinion , by any other that has ever been written upon the subject of agriculture ; one indeed which should constitute an indispensible portion of the property of 6 very man possessed of any quantity of ground from a
rood to any amount , and to its extensive circulation I attach the greatest importance . I should feel extreme delicacy io expressingisny difference of opinion with the writer of this work ; but as , upon the point in question , there is a variance between the ttxt and a note upon the same subject , I iscline to that of thenotfe In the text it is recommended to allow the cleansing to remain with the cow , as the eating of it will ' amuse' her ; but in the note the writer gives directions as to the proper medicine to be administered in the event of this ' amusement * making the cow sick . It is , therefore , becauBO I consider preventionbetter than cure , and because the amusement may be purchased at the expenee of the cow ' s life , that I recommend the cleansing to be taken
away as soon as she ; relieves herself ef it . Tae calf ¦ should then be taken from her , and never , under any circumstances , should it be allowed to suck het ; as in such casa , she will freqneDtly refuse to give her milk to the hand , while Ih ^ re woul d always be much trouble in inducing her in the outset after the calf has been let to her . The cow should gtt warm drinks , bran and water , or meal and water , with the cold just taken off and a little salt mixed in it , for three or four days after calving ; and if the calf is » o be reared or veiled , it should be kept out of hearing . In about nine daya the cow will come to her full milk . And now I will lay down rules for milking which never should be departed from . .
" The usual practice is to milk cows twice a-day , whereas I would strongly recommend the plan of milking three times a-day , ; at five in the morning , one at noon , and nine In the evening ; thus leaving eight hours between each meal . By following this plan , I will venture to say tbat a covr will give one-fourth more milk than if only milked twice a-day . If a good cow is well fed , she will begin to drop her milk at least two hours before the time when' she is usually milked . If the milk is taken from her by the calf , it will keep tagging at her nine or ten times a-day ; and , therefore , it appears contrary to the rules of nature that she should be allowed to go twelve hours without , milking . I assign a lspse ef eight hours between each milking becuuae I feel conTinced that in' that peried she would gather a
full meal of milk . It is of all things necessary that a C 3 W should be treated with the greatest gentleness , as much depends upon temper , awhich can be made for the animal by those : entrusted with her management . Speak kindly to a cow , pat her , and scratch her , before yon sit under her , and she will give everydrop of her milk freely : on the other hand , scold her , and kick her abont the hind legs—a very usual practice of milkmen tobring other men ' s cows into a convenient positionand the odds are , either that she upsets the milk , or refuses to give it all . sFor these reasons I would recommend tbe small farmer always to allow his wife or daughter to perform the operation of milking .. Cows , when properly treated , are Tery gentle animals , and always prefer being milked by those to whom they axe
accustomed . Before . tbe woman begins to milk , she should wash the whole udder and teats well over with cold spring water , and then dry it From constant habit she will soon learn how much milk the cow gives ; and when she has taken within a pint of the whole , she should milk that last pint into a separate vess-l ; it is called tbe stoppings , and is twice as rich as any other portion of the milk , and perhaps three times as rich as the first plat drawn from the cow .- that is , the pint of strippings will yield more cream or butter than the three pints first drawn from the eow . Great careshonld be taken to milk tbe cow as clean &a possible vin fact , not leaving a drop with her ; and immediately after ehe ia milked she should be fed .
"If the milk is to be used tot making butter , tbe greatest attention must be paid to tbe cleanliness of the vessels in the first ins-lance , and to the mode of keeping tb . 3 cream and making the butter . The vessels should be &U of wood , and well scoured with hay and fine sand , or grarel and tot water , and afterwards well rinsed out with cold-water , and placed in the air to di } , before tbe milk ia strained into them . The milk may be set in summer for twenty-four hours , and then skimmed , and tbe cream thrown into a clean crock , ¦ which is preferable \ o > wood for keeping cream ; while wood ia preferable to earthenware for making the milk
yield its cream . The strippings taken from tbe cows may be thrown at once into tb . 6 cream-crock , and great care should be taken to stir the cream upon each Addition made to it ; a peeled willow-stick being preferred by old hands for this purpose , while I would much prefer the clean hand ' and aim of a dairymaid , which can sweep round the edges better than any stick . In winter , the milk may stnnd for forty-eight heura , all the same rules beirig observed that I have laid down for summer treatment . In summer , the cream should be churned twice a week ; in winter , once a week . And , now , in order that all tbe trouble should not go for nothing , I will lay down rules for making butter . is
•¦ As soon = s your ^ butter thoroughly churned , all the buttfeMu-. lk must bis let off ; after which the barrelchurn should be whisked round rapidly , a little cold water having been poured in . This will purge the butter of a great portion of tha buttermilk . The butter should then be taken out of the churn , and token up in larrs lump * , and well clapped against the bottom or a large wooden keeler , and , being well opened with the fingers , the keeler should be filled with spring water , and the dairymaid should knead tbe butter just as a baktr kneads his dough , changing the water as long as it has any tinge of milk ; and when tbe water comes off clean , then the butter , when thoroughly discharged of the water by another good clapping , is ready for the salt , which may be added ia the
proportion of about an ounce and a half to the pound of bntter . The salt should be common marine salt , and thould be well pounded , and made as fine as possible ; and , when thoroughly worked , the butter may be placed in the firkin , packing it " as firmly as possible , care beiE £ taken lo select yonr vessel , if for tbe wholesale market , of the s : z 9 most suitable to tbe means of filling it as epeedily as possible ; that is , the man who has four cows should prefer the keg which will hold 301 bs . to tbe firkin that contains 601 bs . A good cow , such as I have described , well fed and properly managed , will yield 2 cwL of bntter in the season , which may be said to last from May toiDacembir . both inclusive ; of course , she will be ^ in to fall off after she has been Ferved in August , but I will take that time as an average .
Four eows , then , will make 8 cwt . of bntter in tbe season , or 1 cwt . in each month ; a firkin , or half a cwt . iii each fortnight ; or a keg , or quarter of a cwt in each week . If the farmer , -having four cows , churns twice a-week , then he will fill a keg at two churnings , and will always be sure of firat-qnality price for his butter . As butter , however , is a very ticklish thing , the butter-taster and the butter-Bmeller discovering the slightest imperfection , great care must be taken in preparing it U > x his inspection . I will suppose a woman to have churned * fifteen pounds of butter , oi half a keg on Wednesday , and the butter to have been packed in the bottom of the keg as before recommended . When she churns again on Saturday , and after that day ' s produce has been salted , I would
recommend her to take' tbe fifteen pounds made on tbe Wednesday , and mix tbe produce of both churnings right well np together , and then pack all up in a dean keg , when it -will be just as good , and of equal quality , as if made at one churning . The butter should be then kept in a coo } place , a little fine salt being , shaken over tbe top , and , if tbe weather is very hot the ttg may be placed standing in a keeler of water I have thought it necessary to be very explicit under this head for the reasons that 1 stated in the outset , namely , that I propose makins ; the aciall farmer ' s dairy of four cotes the staple of his establishment , and his greatest source cf emolnment , and , therefore , the want of knowledge , or the wast of management , would considerably injure him in this most vital point ; while
the acquirement of the ; out , and the observance of tbe other , would constitute hia > greatest pleasure and greatest profit I must make one observation in concluding under this head ; it is this , that the cow is to be fed in the house tbrcughont every day in tbe year , and never to be pastured in tbe field ; while I must also observe that she should ba driven morning and evening each day into a yard or enclosed ; place where she could etretch her legs , and receive some fresh air . Tbe bouse should be well vtntilated , and she should never be tied by the head , or otherwise iesrrained , for good and sufficient reasons -whScn I shall state hereafter . In winter , a cow itkes warmth , and can have it better in the house than under a hedge . " In summer , she dislikes the
sun and the gadfly , and can be defended against both better in tne bense than in the field . I dare eay there are few who have not seen a set of heavy milch cows with ten hours' stock of milk in their udders , galloping with cocked tails ovtr the country , to the great injury of tbe ahiHial itself , and to the still greater injury of her milk . A cow should , in all cases , be kept as cool : and free from excitement as possible , and tier milk will always be in She best possible state . Moreover , when a cow is housed , you have tbe advantage of all the manure that she makes , and which can be more profitably disposed of at the d » Ecredon of the farmer than , by the encampintnt and folding ) system , it can be applied by tbe animal itself >^ ' "
/ We haTe been favoured by Mr . Cleave , tbe London Pnblisber , with a " proof ** of the first chapter Of tne forthcoming No . That chapter we shall give entire ; following it up next week by the succeeding one , which enters more into detail . We are sure tbat-it will be needless for ua to do more than quota the bare title of these chaptere , to draw tho eager attention of the reader to them : — " HOW THB PROJECTED PLAN IS TO BE EFFECTED " In the two previous numbers I have given directions Tor the cultivation of the severs / crops tbat J eonaider most necessary for the small farmer , while I have abstained from dogging the work with any notice of matters not necessary for him to know anything about in the outset ; and the next duty that I am called
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npon to perfanu—is that of instructing tbe working classes as to tho means fey which lapd may bs acquired for carrying out the plan . The morbid and insensate submission of ) the workin g classes of this country to the rule dominion and controul , not of the laws , but of the slave-owners , wonld have discouraged me from my present undertaking had I not witnessed a desire upon the part of the people themselves tojrfSscovor some Dtactical mews whereb y they-may rl * themselves of the galling yoke of capital , more , for triore oppressive than S 8 ^ t *!* DI | y !» f B 10 )< w Opposed as I am to the shedding of human blood , and to the taking away of human life , junder any circumstance whatever , and bloody as th | English laws formerly were , they were mild in their bloodiest form , tame in their most savage aspect , moderate in the ' r utmost vengennce , and preserving In the midst of the moot reckless destruction , when compared with the havoc , tho ' desolatlon , the persecntion , and i Wholesale murders cammltted by the capitalists of England .
" If you BeaT of a political prisoner being badly TO ** * t ¦ i ? prl ? on—if y > u hear of a fellow-creature wne has died , in a poor-house—if you witness the execution ofamurclerer , whose guilt may either be doubtful , or mitigated in beinousness by some extenuating circum-8 tance 8 ,--you } damn the law , denounce the institutions , and revile the Government ; white jou tamely witnuss the victims of the capitalist , to whom death in any shape would be a relief . You see men of thirty yeara of age withered and prematurely decayed , reduced to the dire necessity of sweeping the streets for their taskmasters , although their virtuous parents had given large premiums for ; tbelr instruction in soine trade , protection for which , they vainly hoped / was guaranteed fcy the laws of England . You see these men , and
wandering paupers still more destitute ; and tbe only feeling that their condition arouses is that of comparative satisfaction thst , a « pel , your lot is preferable to theirs . The laws have not injured those men in any respect : on the contrary , there are laws opon the statute-book unrepealed , which , if administered , would protect them ; and which arje not administered because mousy has become more powerful than law , and money , not justice , Is consequently the fountain of English . law . Tbls is a great and crying grievance arising out of a great National Debt , the payment of the Interest of which absorbs all other considerations , and turns our houses of representation into banking concerns and offices for tbe transaction of money matters , rather than legislative assemblies for the good government of the people . ' ¦¦' ,- '
" Every country hat a peculiar interest upon which its institutions are based ; and all laws are made with reference to the main or leading interest . A debt of . £ 800 { 100 , 000 with a cavalcade of hirelings and mercenaries , parsons and paid sycophants , being the pivot upon which our laws most turn , all are made , directly or indirectly , with the view of upholding this principal interest Formerly , agriculture was the principal interest of the country , and hence laws were formerly made with reference to agriculture . Manufactures then sprung up , and laws for their government were graftedfupon our agricultural stock . The great ambition to insure ascendancy for the latter , embroiled us in expensive wars with the world ; and the debt , tbe fruit of those wars , bag exhausted both stock and grsss .
and our government la consequently compelled to sink all consideration of asriculture and manufactures , farther than they may be subservient to our monetary system . Hence , then , we arrive at the conclusion , either that the debt must be wiped off or compounded for , or tbat some expedient shall ba devised , which will have the effect of relieving the non-debtor from its pernicious effects , and of saddling it , upon the real debtor whs will very speedily find a remedy for an abuse which only affects himself , while he will be slow fn looking for it its long as other shoulders bear its weight . " In my several communications to tbe working classes upon the land question , I have endeavoured so to familiariza ! tbeir mind with the Bttbject , E 8 to pre > pare them for the adoption of the small farm plan upon
such a system as would be moat likely to lead to a successful result One thing is quite clear , and all I believe have now seen it ; it is this—that the govern , ment is not inclined to make any organic change in the constitution ; while , without such change , it is notable to suggest any plan for the correction of those social evils which i . fflict society , without incurring the disapprobation s ' n < l opposition of the several classes who have lived , thriven , and prospered upon things as they are . Having , ! therefore , arrived at tho conclusion that the peoplo fcavo nothing to expect in the way of change from the government , it becomes tbe paramount duty of their friends to point out how the n quired chango in th * ir condition can be effected without fo : ci or fraufl . And-although 3 t is quite clear that such change would
be unpalatable to the revellers in abuse , if produced by an angel from heaven and in strict accordance with tbt Alraighty'H will and in conformity with the terms of his imperishable laws , yet have I ventured to brave all opposition for the general good . Not only have I been opposed by a portion of the press ; but , still worse , I have met with ! the ignorant snarl of some working men , or rather men who profess to work for working men , and whose opposition ia based upon personal vanity , disappointed ambition , hostility to ; myself , and a Jealousy founded { upon tneir own Ignorance of the subjeot . "It is a-very lamentable fact , that , in the midst of general distress , tbe " people ' s professing friends" invariably meet propositions which do r . ot originate with themselves , with a cold-blooded arid'vindictive opposition . Some foolish egotists have gone bo far as to draw conclusions from the present' state of Ireland ,
where they assert tbat the small farm svatem has Prqtiuced slavery , ; dependence and misery , for the purpose of discouraging the English working classes from an agricultural life . Such writers are mere wordy copyists , puffing theorists , ignorant dogmatists , self-sufficient coxcombs , who know no more of Ireland than they know of Japan , and who are as hopelessly ignorant of Ibe capabilities of tbe land as the . ox that treads or the bird tbat . flies over it . The curse of Ireland has been , not the small form , but the large farm system ; while tbe requirement for a provision for the poor has arisen out of tbe abrogation of small allotments . I neve r approved of the political uae made of Irish forty-Bhilling freeholders ; but the disfroochisement , and cons ; q ient ouster , of that numerous body has led to the present state of pauperism by ; which Ireland is cursed , and has given rise tu a bad system of poor-laws as a substitute .
" Those who are ignorant upon tho question of Irish agriculture and who desire instruction upon the subject , will do well to read the work of that excellent gentleman , Mr . Blacker , upon small farms ; always receiving it with great caution , for tbe following reasons : —firstly , it is written by the land-steward of a nobleman , who would not find it his interest to go into a searching enquiry of theltitle , the powers , and the uses made of those powers [ by the landlord-class . Secondly , it merely developes the result of some very trifling experiments made with success , without reference to any general principle . Thirdly , he speaks more with reference to the improvement of the land than with reference to the ijaprovements of the tenants ' condition ; the one being permanent , and conferring a permanent benefit ; ,
through increased rent ; upon the landlord , while the other is merelyjteruporary , and is too often the cause of ouster , as a means of acquiring increased rent , while it entails an additional rent upon the improving tenant at tbe expiration of hi * lease . But , above all , the objection that I have to drawing any conclusion from Mr . Blaeker ' s book beyond the irrefutable proof if the capabilities of the soil which it affords , is , that in almost every ode of bis reported cases we find improvement tested by the addition of u horse to the small farmer ' s stock ; although his holding may not consist of more than seven or eight acres . Moreover , the average size of farms treated of in Mr . Blaeker ' s book usually consist of from four to five times as much land as one man can profitably manage . :
" As it is necessary tbat I should answer the sophistries of those ignorant parties , who would urge the State of Ireland in opposition to the small farm plan , I may here remind them , tbat every advance in the large farm system has led to increased pauperism in Ireland , while it has contributed to an increased glut of Irish labourers in the English market . The first proof that I adtiuce insuppoitof this assertion is , that the ousting of the forty-entiling freeholders led to great distress . Tne second proof that I adduce ia , that tbe ousting of Catholic tenants from small holdings , upon which tbe Reform Bill conferred the franchise , has considerably augmented the distress . The third proof that I adduce is , \ hat thd r , igefor introducing Scotch farmers , to carry « ut the system ; of feeding upon turnips , has induced many landlords ! to oust small tenants , with a view of
possessing themselves of the farms , in the hope of redeeming their shattered fortunes " by an improved system of agriculture ; While , under a general summary , it should ha understood that my system of small farms wouH be incomplete unless based upon tbe principle of a real " fixity of tenure ;"' the want of which in Ireland operates more injuriously against the small farmer than it does against tbe large farmer . Thus , thelar ^ ofarmer , with a lease , Or accepted proposal on blank paper , which , when stamped at any time the teuant pleases , may be converted into an equitable title , may contend against' the legal persecution of bis landlord ; while nt-. tcer lease nor accepted proposal are any protection whatever to the tenant Who only occupies fifteen or twenty acres of j ground , and who is unable to resist the demand of the landlord for its surrender whenever be
may think proper to require it . Hence , the ability of the landlord to ! repossess himself of a small farm discourages the tenant from increasing ita value even by industry , ns the improvement is Bure 'to lead either to additional rent i « a turnout This very system of bidding over the heads ' of small farmers with leases who have improvedj their li ^ Ue holdings , has led to more murders than finy other elrcumst nee ; nay to nearly every murder that has been committed in Ireland for tho last fortyrtbreo yeara ; -nearly each and every one of which are chargeable upon the tyrant landlord , landsharks , land-agenta , amd middlemen , aurf hot upon the maddened , plundered , nnd infuriated peasant , who , in the wildness jof despair , takes that vengeance in lien of the satisfaction which the law denies him .
" From these foots , then , the English reader will learn that Ir ish pauperism , Irish crime , Iikh slavery , and Irish murders [ are consequences of oppression and mlarnle ; and that the want of the email farm system , and not its existence , h tbe immediate cause of Irian distress , I defy any man living to point out any single act of treachery ) committed by an Irish peasant arising out of any dispute in the adjustment of which he had received anything approaching to justice . The fact is , that foreign invader have possessed themselves of the
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country , and would stigmatize tbe natives as barbarians for their virtuous resistance to the most cold-blooded tyranny , committed under the plea of loyalty , necessity , and devotion to English connection . Here , though out of place , I may be permitted to say , tbat the English people never have been the oppressors of Ireland '; while the Irish-English baye been toe ruin of both countries . Invariably constituting tne English minister ' s strength for the maintenance of Church ascendancy and suppression of popular rights . To correct the several
evils of which all now complain ; to reconcile the people of both countries in a bond f ) f union and brotherhood ; to destroy tha social inequality so destructive of peace , prosperity , and harmony , I jsee no remedy but an abandonment of onr present artificial position , and a near approximation to the laws offnature . With these views , then , I proceed to develope the means by which society may acquire afeoting so firm that its peace shall not be itt danger from the madness of despair , from agricultural restrictions , commercial speculations , or ministerial change . " j
Next week the reader shall have that " developement . " In the mean time we are suro that he has seen enough ofj the Worls and its purely practical nature , to induce him to a ' eek further acquaintance with it . He will not regret doius so .
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ENF 2 ELD . —Middlesex . — -A public meeting of the Enfield Peace Society took place on Monday evening at tho Temperarice Hall , Ponder ' s End . M . M . Monroe . Esq ., took jthe chair . Several excJleat speeches were delivered during the evening by Messrs . Crawford . Paine , Roberts and others , entreating the young men not to leave their homes and friends to become tho I hired assassins of Kings and Priests . Many ladi es were present , who appeared highly delighted with the proceedings of the evening . i
Signs of the Times . —Ia tho parish of Enfield , Middlesex , a place nnt more taaa tea miles from London , there are 100 Honsea to let , and some hundreds of acres of excellent land—uncultivated , which would give good employment to the starving labourers , if spade labour was encouraged by the rich stock jobbers . |
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< Mr . S . Crawford states that 70 , 000 Irishmen are ejected from their holdings every year . Dr . Chalmers has publicly announced his adherence to the principle of Voluntaryism . In the Clifton Zoological Gardens a pointer bitch Is not ? suckling a young leopard . Thursday , a . DETACHMfeNT of the 49 th regiment , from India , arrived at Walraer barracks ; the remainder are expected daily . j By the failubb of a b ^ nk at Naw York , Fanny Ellsler has lost all she acquired in America , about 120 000 dollars . j IT Was REPORTED at Bona , by a merchant vessel , that the Bey" of Tunis had been murdered by his nephew , The Spbscbiption raising tor Mies Martfneau , ¦ who refused the pension rJ 0 f ; re 4 by the late Government , reaches the mm of £ i . ooo .
The Duke of Wellington is prepared to concentrate the troops in Ireland , and all the small detachments will be called in . j A Company of the Sappers and Miners from Woolwich , under Captain Ha worth , £ E ., arrived in Dublin on Wednesday . To the intended new dock at Liverpool , called the Albert-dock , the estimated quantity of cast-iron is no less than Beven thousand tons . The Misses Porter married to Col Fiwcett and Lieutenant Munro are nieces- of Miss Jane Porter , author Of the " Scottish Chiefs . " j The Vice Chancellor has decided , that the trustees of Lord Forbes were safe in lending £ 100 , 000 on Irish landed security . A proposjtion is made in the Cork Town Council , that the ralary of the Mayor | shall not in future exceed three hundred pounds a year .
EXH 0 RB 1 TANT TAXATION . —The COUnty CeSS is £ O high as sixteen shillings the'acre in Corkaguiney , Kmy —half the rent ! The Government rum contract , for one hundred thousand gallons , half East and half West India , has been taken at Is . 5 &d . per gallon . A female CHILD was latelyboru at Great Wigston , with two teeth , both of which bavsj since fallen from the gums . Its mother ' s name was L ' nes . Either way will do— ' f Will you have ms Sarah ? ' said a young man to a modest girl . "No John , " said she , " but jou may have me [ if you wilL " The BimRE asnets of a recent bankrupt were nine small children . The creditors acted magnanimously and let him keep them . { The church liturgy 1 b to be introduced into the morning services of the Wesleyan chapel , Fawcet-atreet , Sunderland .
To TllE List of the magistrates superseded we have farther to add the namea of John Maker , Esq ., and Victor Emanuel O'Farroll . eU . The Dean and Chapter of Wells Cathedral have made arrangements for the thorough repair of this beautiful structure , at an expense of £ 70 , 000 . The distraints upon ! the Society of Friends this year , chiefly for ecclesiastical purposes , are about £ 10 . 000 . | The Charivari announces that MM . Lamennais and LnmaHine were each preparing an appeal to Franco ia favour of Ireland . j So great was the opposition among the venders of vegetables in Sbeerness , last week , that green peas were actually offered for sale at three farthings per peck . A learned D 0 CI 0 R iiiis given his opinion that tight Incing is a public benefit , inasmuch as it kills all the foolish girls , and leaves the wise ones to grow into women . 1
Electioneering Akxiety . " Poor Mr . Smith has fallen down dead of an apoplexy , " said a gentleman on the busting ? . " Ha 3 he pulled ? " asked one of the candidates . I In the tear 1810 , no less than 166 persons lost their lives by coal-pit explosions , within a circuit of four miles , in tbe counties of Durham and Northumberland . The Fornham Park Estate belonging te the Duke © f Norfolk , near Bury 1 st . Edmunds , was lately sold for £ 75 550 '; the timber to be paid for by valuation . Lord John Manners is , the purchaser . Lately , a Worthy Bookseller and publisher in Paternoster Row announced i ^ at , in his shop , " a glass of water , and a tract , might be had for nothing 1 " Great numbers availed themselves oif the temperate offer .
SIB W . HeijSCHEL has discovered that nitrate of Bodaandthe hyiiro-fulphate of soda , both remarkably bitter substances , produce when mixed together , the sweetest preparation known , j Tub vegetable market was literally glutted with pea ' s last Saturday , some of which were actually sold at two-pence per pt-cfc ! Good soimitara fetched no more than sixpence per peek . —BribhUmGaxeiU . Wonderful Pump—It is said there is a pump on Lang lalund possessing ike sutpviaing power of . coaveiting one quart of miik int 4 three pinta ! We don't believe a win ! of it . —Hornet . A Fke . nch pea ?; int drowned himself tbe other day , at Cbaharas , in order tbat bis first-born , as the eldest son of a widow , niiant escape the conscription which had fallen upon him . I There is a Man bo absent that he mistook his wife
fer a pair of hellovfs ; and alleged his thorough conviction of tho illusion , by her always blowing him up instead of the are Novel Exportation . —Bast week , Capt . Bouch , of tho Emerald lela steamer , -from Hall to Kotterdam , had on board ten donkeys for exportation—to improve the foreign breed , we presume . Irish Cattle . —The fallowing are the numbers of pigs , sheep , cattle , and horses ( imported into Bristol from Ireland duiiaf , the lost six months : —Pigs , 44 , 108 ; . sboep , 166 ; Mt'le , 318 ; horses , S 3 . ] If is in contemplation by the postmaster-goneral , to couso ! i < 1 a ? o the general and twopeDny posv-uffices . Tha alteration will expedite considerably ihe delivery of letters in London . j The Brighton theatre was broken open and robbed on Tuesday week . The treasury being empty , the thieves only obtained two gold seals and tenpence in coppers .
The GRamd Juries of Armagh , Tyrone , and Leitrim , met at the Summer Assizes , have unanimously signed petitions against the ( Repeal oi the Union . — Banner of Ulster . | Letters from Philadelphia state that Mr Nicholas Biddle is labouring under an alienation of mind . His friends are said to experience ( great apprehension aa to tho termination of this most dreadful tfaiction . A novel mode of advertising for a wife has been adopttd by au inhabitant of Banbury , Oxfordshire : — A D . ignprrotype portrait of the gent-eirian is placed in a shop with tha following notice underneath— " Wanted , a female companion to the abojve : apply within . " A Significant Sign . —The present workhouse in
Sheffield , formerly an extensive cotton mill , is to be considerably enlarged ; the ] estimated expense is £ 10 . 000 , which will be advanced by the Treasury iu Exchequer bills , at 4 per cent . The loan is to be repaid by annual instalments , j Upwards of 200 unemployed working men of South Shields bava thrown themselves on the parish , and are now employed breakiug stones , and covering tbe church yard with gravel , at Is . per ] day , whilst others have gone into the workhouse , where they receive the food of the bouse , and lodgings . —Durham Chronicle . A paragraph has been making the tour of some of the newspapers , to the effect that the army in Ireland amounts to above 34 , ooo men . j This statement is based in force in that
error . Our country , including all arms and ranks , does not at present eXca ^ JgO . OOO men , - * United Service Gazette . } ¦ fll ( P ' Durhah Election . —There are'pBtiong reasons to believe that tho friends of Mr . | Purvi intend to petition against the election of Mr . Bright for Durham , on the gTOundof the intimidation exercised by lord Londondeny on his tenanta in favour ! of Mr . Bright . Times . Mob / tax Bits of an ] adder , —On Monday se ' nnight , as a littler girl , aged four years , daughter of James Angrove , a labourer at Common Moor , near Bed Gate , in tbe parieh of St . Cleer , was at play a abort distance from her residence , she was bit ; twice on the hand by an adder , and the pi > or little auffcrer died en the following | day . —West Britain .
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The works of Alfibri have been recently prohibited- by the censorship of Palermo ; and the conseat , which bad been reluctantly given , for the printing of Thiers ' a Histery of the French Revolution , has been withdrawn . On Tdesdat , whilst a man , named George Harding , was bathing in the rlvee Avon , near WiUsbrldge , after swimming nearly across the river , he sank . He has left a wife and four snull children to lament his losi , and his » ifo ia near her confinement . Longevity . —There are at present seventeen paupers chargeable to the hamlet of Coedfrank , in ihe Neath Union , whose united ages amount to 1 377 years , the average age of each being 81 . The ago of the oldest is 102 .
Several thritft wives , on theeccasion of a recent bank failure i : i Leicestershire , wished to " prova" for notes of the broken bank , which they had hoMde 4 unknown to their husbands ; but the Commissioner told tnera . they must send their liage Iord 3 . " Good Breeding . "—Thomas Hart , beer-seller , HalliweU , christened his twenty-ninth child on Sunday week . . Of that number twenty-five are still alive , and shou . d tbe prolific pair live a f « w years , farther additions to their family may be expected . THE HOVSE of J . J . Meyer and Co ., of MnlhauseD , ha 3 -suspended its pavraenxs . It was engaged in tha consjraction of locomotive awl other stsam engines . Their debts are said to be 1 , 200 , 080 francs , ore baif of which is due to a banking house at Mulhausen .
iHE Dublin Mail Coach to Galway , wsi upset on Friday week , at the bridge of Atblona j Gipt . Williams , Engineers , on his way to Castlebar , to inspect tha barracks , had bis thigh broken , and the driver had his ankle dislocated-George the Third and Horne Tooee— «• Do you ever play cards ? " inquired George III . of Horne TiKske . " Please your Majesty . " was the reply , " I am so little acquainted with the court cards , as not to know a king from a knave . . Expense of the Expedition to China . —A Parliamentary return jast published , showa , that the sums paid , or to be paid , on account of the war with China , amount to £ 2 , 879 , 873 , of which sum £ 804 , 964 ate required to be voted in 1843 44 , as balance due to the East India Company .
A few days ago , the gamekeeper of Strowan , west of Crieff , in company with another keeper , witnessed a woodcock flying with one of its young between its feet far upwards , of fifteen yards . Many of our readers may not ba aware , that tbe woodcock is seldom if ever known to batch in this climate . At Tl rone assizes , on Thursday , the parties engaged in the late riot at Carland , nine at one side and seven on the other , were sentenced to imprisonment fer terms varying from two ty nine months ; in each case the prisoners to find bail to keep tho peace for seven years . The appeal af Vidocq against the sentence of the Tribunal of Correctional Police , which condemned him to fi * e years imprisonment and five years surveillance , came on before tbe Court Royal on Saturday . The court reversed the sentence Vidocq was immediately set at liberty , and wa 3 warmly congratulated by hiB friend ? .
From the contexts of a private letter received from New South Wales , it appears Beaumont Smith , whose nams obtained such publicity in connection with tbe Exchequer bill fraud , is employed as a kind of clerk to tbe superintendent of the Cascade Station , about fifty miles up the country from Hobart Town . The Railway Magazine says " we are glad to see that the authorities are beginning to move again in the extension of wood pavement . Queen-street , High Holborn , and Bishopgate-strtet , have been for about a fortnight begun , and are proceeding with rapidity on the Metropolitan Wood Pavement Company's plan . " Tobacco Imports—Tbe quantity of tobacco imported from the Unit 9 d States during tbe past year , a * given in returns just presented to the House of Commons , amounted to 38 , 618 . 0121 bs ., being a decrease of several thousand pounds as compared with the preceding year .
Father Matiiew in America .. ^ — -This great Apostle of Temperance will not be able to visit this country daring the present year . He has , however , notified the Catholic Abstinence Society of Philadelphia that ho wiil meet them next year . Plenty of work for him here . —New Yoik Herald . Patrick Leary , private of the 69 Sh , who was arrested on h « 8 own confession at New Brunswick , for the murder of tbe Rav . Mr . Ferguson , at Timoleague , in 1832 , has arrived at Cork under escort , and is lodged in the gaol . Ho how denies knowing anything whatsoever of the murder , and represents the whole tain ? as a fabrication . It is stated , in a late French paper , tbat an . experiment has been tried by some medical gentlemen at Paris , of inflating the lungs of a still-born infant , when , in a fe * moments , tbe blood began to circulate , and the child was returned to iU parents alive . It is now five months old and doing well .
A woma-N of the commune of Con < 3 e-snr » Marne , a few days back , perceiving a wolf in the street of the village where-ehti resided , did not hesitate to attactit , strike it down , and finally master it , though not without receiving several wounds . A joint cf one of her fingers was bitten off by tire animal . Doctor Boardman , of Hartford , America , lost his life on the 25 th ult ., from taking kreosote for the toothache . A particle of it got into bis throat , and caused such an inflammation as to stop the breathing passage . If a regular physician caanofc Bafely take it himself , certainly it is a dangerous article for others to use . The' Earl of Cawdor , Lord Dynever , and tha Hon . Colonel George Rico Trevor , M . P ., and most of the gentry of Kourh Wales , have , in consequence of the Rebeccaite disturbances , determined to build barracks at Carmarthen for the military , by public subscription , to add to the security of that district .
Marie Bari , a French woman , was convicted at the Mansion-tiouso of having smuggled a large quantity of cigars from an Osteud steamer . She carried them in a moat ingeniously contrived petticoat , which she completely p » ddea with cigars , and yet created no dispro * portion la the figure of the wearer . She was fined £ 100 , and sent to prison in default of payment . Two oMhe principal thoroughfares in Belfast have been lately paved with cylindrical blocks of wood sunk into the ground perpendicularly . The pavement is at present as level as a drawing-room fluor , and the various vehicles which are eontiaually passing over it do not . create much more noise than they Would produce upon a bowling green .
Rock Salt ib more abundant ia Cheshire than In any part of Great Britain , where the deposits lie along the . line of tbe valley of the river Weaver , in small patches , about Northwich . The saltjwas accidently discovered in the year 1670 , in sinking a coal pit at Marbury , about a mile from Northwieh ; about 60 , 000 tons are annually taken from the pits in tbe vicinity of the town . Sad complaints are made in Switzerland of tha destruction caused by the ovei flowing of small rivers . On the evening of the 13 th , the Saane , by Freiburg , suddenly left its channel , as though sluices had been unexpectedly opened . The rivulet Serme'loas become a mighty stream ; in summer it is often dry , but the ivacer has now reached a height of twenty feet , and is a musket-shot across .
Something Unusual . —Among the things worthy of particular notice connected with Father Mathew'a visit to Manchester is the fact , that en Wednesday morning week twenty professional gentlemen , all from Bury , took the pledge before the Rev . gentleman . In the number is included lawyers , clergymen , and surgeons . Cockroaches —To destroy thsae , mis one ounce of arsenic with four ounces of tallow , and melt them together in an earthen pipkin . When thoroughly incorporated by stirring , and partially cooled , small pieces of wood should be dipped in the mixture , which will form a coating over the wood . If these pieces of wood ; are placed in those parts of your kitchen which the cockroaches frequeut , they will attack them greedily , and perish .
Doctor Lucas . —This celebrated Irishman , having , after a very sharp contest , carried the election aa a representative in Parliament for the city of Dublin , was met a few days after by a lady , whose whole family was very warm in the interests of the unsuccessful candidate . " Well Doctor , " says she , "I find ycu have gained the election ? " " Yes , Madam . " " No wonder , Sir , " all ' the blackgards voted for you . " No , Madam , your two soub did not , " replied the Doctor . A Natural Check-string . —It is well known that Lord JVlonboddo averred that man were originally born with tails , but they had worn them off with sitting on them . In » disquiflisinn as to What US * tallscOttld by any possibility have been to any body , "Oh yes /' said a lady , with great naivette , " they would have been good things for coaohmen , as vhey would serve fcrcbedfc strings . " i ... .
In comsequence of the dearth with which the Pruss > an Rhenish provinces arejffltcted , the Kini ? of Prosai * has ordered barges laden with corn and flout to be sent from Treves up the Rhine , fhe MoseUe , and the Sane , and to deliver supplies at every village . The inhabitants having a ticket from the magistrates are allowed to take as much as they want , on aiWftgW to return the same quantity after the harvest Light SovEREiGNS . —lt has been discovered , that a considerable number of light sovereigns and half sovereigns have been malting their appearance in the metropolis for the last few months ; and ft is ascertained , that the bullion dealers and Jews in Paris , Rotterdam , Hamburg , and other parts of the continent , have been re-exporting to this country all the light gold they have had in exchange daring and since toe panic .
BRiiiSH Museum—Tbe number otr persons admitted to view the general collections during the past yea * amounted to 54 V , 718 , being an increase over the previous year of 228 344 ; and tbe number of visits made to the reading-rooms for the purpose of study or research was 71 , 706 , being an increase over the corresponding year ef 2 , 403- The namber of visits by artists and students to the galleries of sculpture has been 6 , 627 , and the number of visits to the print-room 8 , 781 . John- Woods , the UveryrstablekeepeT of Londonwall , and who has a country-houee at 14 , Bath-street , DalBton , was last week fined tea shillings for brutally ill-using a poor werkhouse girl who was in his service , by tying her up to the manger , and beating her with a halter . The Magistrate at first inflicted a fiue of £ 5 , but reduced it , on the defendant ' s consenting to give the girl £ 3 as compensation for the injury he bad ia « flirted . .
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Untitled Article
_____ THE NORTHERN ST . 4 R j fr
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 5, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1224/page/3/
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