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j £$artt£J Hcntellurfnt*.
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TO MR. JOHN LTKTON, OF SELBY, IN TOHKSH3RE.
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^Toril)rx>mins C^atltet jjBtJ?Hn30
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My deab ListoKj—I cannot find words io express ihe pleasure " that your letter , pnblished In last week ' s Star , afforded me 5 and that pleasure was considerably increased by the anticipation of meeting yon on lhe 5 th si Birmingham . The great difficulty that I kaye always had io coniend against was that of applying practioe to theory Having made agriculture my principal stndy from the moment that I was able to think , I came to the
¦ coaelaaoBj early in life , that the blunders of car ancestors andof our eotemporaries could be remedied , ss if bj magiCj "whenever & thorough knowledge of ihe capabilities of our own soil could be impressed : OpCn the minds of the people . Practice , however , ^ 35 the one ihingTeqnired ; and lacking that practice , -jt wssnoi at all likely that those who scarcely knew how their food was produced , should all at once ac ^ ajesce in the feasibility of a plan which opened pas vkw 3 so foreign to those in which they had been Tfcared .
But , my dear linton , while I can scarcely complain of the caution , the ignorance , or lukewarmxess with which the working classes receive my proposnons in the outset , 1 hare good reason to find fhult viih many of their professing friends , who , in the Taj face of such information as you and others hare fnjBi 3 b £ d » ~ will sffll persevere in their cold-blooded opposition ^ from bo other earthly reason than their aos&lity to me . In proof of lhis assertion , we find msnj policy-mongers , who hare no knowledge what-€ rer of the subject , straining their poor endeavours to weaken the agitation in favour of the land , by the contenrprible cry that it is weakening the agitation for lhe : Charter . It is foxinnaie , Iinten , that jon are » Ciarlist—a Chartist in name and principle .
It i ; also fortunate that that truly estimable geniletdse , Mr . D . Weatherhead , is a Chartist , and that le so far approves the plan lhat he is bow engaged in esrryiEg it ont to a large extent . 1 may also menijon Mr , Thornton , of Paddock , near Hnddersfield , is good a Chartist as breathes ; a man of large foriEne too . I visited his experimental plot , of someiidn&more than two acres , within the present month ; xnd if any man doubts the trcth of my most ezirangant calculation let him go and visit that plot of ground , made out of an apparently barreB moor . Aid to thesetodiTidcal ondmakings thegreat eagerhes with which the working men themselves snap up eTery bit ^ f land that they can set at any price . "Hriiness the land bnstlejn parts of Nottinghamshire ,
lancashire , and Yorkshire . See the great importance attached by the working classes to those small plots allotted to them by Messrs . Gort and Marshall , of Leeds , regardless of the rent . TMt Nottingham cm a Sunday or a holiday , or any day when there is E ^ ht after work , to taie a walk to those small allofcmtnts , many of them at a distance of more than a jn 3 e from the town . See the freshness and vigour , mil cheerfulness with which the slave who has toiled all cay betakes himself to the recreation of labouring in the twilight for himself ; and many of these spots let as high as from twenty to thirty pounds an acre . Scow me a single spot in any district in all England ccffiiBg ^ within ike compass of one man ' s ? aboux for wricB five time 3 the real value might not be insured from the greedy competition to possess it .
You will at once see that my object in mentioning iiese things is to proTe that a strong desire prevails jaoDg the working classes in all parts of the country toposses themselves of some land ; and that the opposition is ihe mere growling of dissatisfied politicians , ostensibly directed against me , but in reality sEt-sEtlug to censure against the gnat body ef the people . Xjnion , 1 nave learned enough to leach me that if I had it in my power to confer immediate happiness upon all there would be no difficulty to Hud manywho would object to the people ' s possessing anj comforts iiai did not come through the selfappointed political administrators . Is it not strange that thofe parties who would deny me any share in popiJar confidence withhold the real state of affairs
from the people ! They have endeavoured to get up sa ucder growl against the land question , the whole itorm of which they would direct against me ; wiiie , as I have shown , the whole people are in fjTcur of my plan ; and not only that , bnt every single lecmrer possessing the confidence of the people has s : "various times at public meeting 3 in my hearing declared , that but for the expectations from the lino , they wonldnot give three straws for the Charier . Leach , West , Doyle , Hoss , Barney , White , Ma ? en , "Wheeler , Lundy , Clarke , Bison , Bairstow , BoIwell , Bees ! ey , and , not to individualize , all the leading ChartistB in London and the provinces are cue and ali in favour of the land ; and see as I see , the great strength which the agitation ofthat questicn must add to the struESgle for the Charter .
My dear linton , how very glad I am to have an opportunity throngh you of commentingsimply npon i&is simple subject . Now , no man will deny bnt that the disappointment occasioned "by the Reform Bill was a consequence of that great confideBce which the people reposed in those who were the leaders in the reform strn / gle ; and the great danger of change to tie people of-a « onntry invariably arises from the fact that those who demand the change , and who literally bring it about , have at all times been deceived by those whom they appoint as their trustees . Let me now suppose a very possible case . Suppose the Vhifss hid been overawed by public opinion in 3839 , aid , in consequence , to Have granted ihr Pcpple ' s
Charter , insueh case , I ask you , what bnt revolution could have been the result land who -would have mere deserved popular ^ sensure than those leaders Trio had cried up the meritsof the Charter , and who , ¦ B ien possessed of it , were unable to shew how it ccsld be made beneficial io the working classes ? All KGUid very naturally h&Te looked upon the political Eeasnre as the means of ensuring social comfort . Ice- depression of labour was the onegreat complaint "siOe the inadequacy of the Charter to redress the E&iioral grievance , without falling back upon the Ifcid , would have been discovered too late , and would l » e led to the justifiable charge of treachery -sjamst the leaders .
The moment of great excitement is not just the ] fees to propound & wholly novel question aB a means 1 0 ! social redress ; and hadwe waited nntil the Charter j was achieved , to discuss tbe question of the land , the di ^ ust would have led to a revolution . Can any man inform me , how , with an overstock of machinery , preventing the recognition of individual worth in the libour market , and "without the means of compeii-60 a being placed in the hands of the labourers , any oscjgnevanee beyond that of the rednction of taxation could be redressed ? and even what may be ] Qved in taxation wcnld assuredly be swallowed j up by the power of capital applied to a non-coitsummg \ jrc-uccmg power . But rays the mere politician , you forget that we would have our members appointed
cj the whole people in whom would be vested tbe pswer of making such alterations as the nature of its case would require . I don ' t forget It ; it is the Taj foundation of allmy tioughts ; and it is in order , 10 ; fctly that those very representatives sbonld have » ffie feasible ground 10 work upon , but further , that thej should not be left in a bark without a rudder , hereby testing the ignorance of those who had Hskr fied them , that I have thought it my dnty to crate an identity of opinion between the represen tsirse and constituent body , whereby no interregnum would oecur between their appointment to the trust , s ^ c thfi r ability satisfactorily to discharge that trsii- With me the question of the land is not a £ ' - > t-1 oae . From the moment that the Northern Star was established , I have written treatise after teitis ; upon the su > gect 5 and lorg before it was in Es ^ unce I have written arid spoken upon it . During
tt * three years that I served in Parliament my Tfi-o ! e energy was devoted to the subject : and I if ak 1 msy assert , withont arrogance , that with tbe s ^ -sls exertion of one individual , and throughout n&st scEDcalously opposed , 120 new scheme has ever b fer to ineces&fnlly propounded to a people as that fc * * : 'ii . iil farm plan . The idea of mere polife- - tbsij ^ es withont the certainty of being able it- Eiie them instrumental in producing the ne-Ct--.- ^ ry social comforts , are all moonshme : while acj political change which would bring about Trrat i * called Free Trade , co-exisnng with the toiiopoly of fictiticuB capital and noEconsnmiDx jTii ^ cing power , wonld but have ihe effect of £ m :: i ! ig mai > nal labour , and of further reducing the 4 e : ci .: ; i of wages paid to the limited number « mplcn ..:: ; whereas the application of the surplus UV-ut 10 ike land would have the donble effect of fer all
^^ iiig us independent of foreign states the i-cr—anes of life , -while , by opening the Batura ic- < i . there would be no system-made surplus popu' s- ' : !/ 3 , Ej > cQ whose reduced wages ihe monopolists tc ^ iu jumble withoni reference to asy single rule cr rctai&iion by which the conditioiis ol ^ trade should ** uo-serred . The whole process now is one of &sb :. rg in an ovei-stocked labour market ; the ttij calculation that the manufacjurtr enters upon "fc . 5 lie prtmt that he can ensure upon reduced ^^ j and the advantages that improved matpisaj g ; Tg £ jm OTer j ^ jjejgflbour . Can any man ¥ ^ e result of the French Eevolution , which , after ^ ? ears , liasfnded in the destruction of repnbiics , ssq ibe substitution of many fortifications for the fry- T , — - »~»* V * 1 ^»* H f »* - ~* J — — 3
zrz , J aaa ^ without attaching some importance to a "l ^ oEcerted- aiode of remedying those grievances cp . n wxaei ) the demand for change is based 1 Can ar-J ^ aa look witlioHt dismay upon the present pc-HiHm of Spain , -nhzie a junta of hloody tyrants , * £ ? a proiessions of Liberty upon their lips , liave pmta sn ascendancy by tb . e force of arms ; the * - *¦ acts of whose power have been the destruction ¦ w ererj spark of Liberalism that remained in those ^ snptwBs against whose tyranny they professed » Ke ? Bo We not find tlie people , before \ he " fS ? of tee !»^ cannon had been lulled , * fireai « iiBg to take tip arms against the ^ patB of their own creation , and crying ¦*» nd ibr the return of him against whom they " ^ seiaaost uniast aad unnatural war ? Why is is it
" ^; Bot because the Spaniards had failed to > £ ree upon what those social eemforts should be , « £ Price at w hich they had hazarded their lives lb ^ j isd nothing to propose—they had decided ttpt ^ Ksibipg—and the consequence is national dis-Bpp « i »? a-tnt , dismav , and dissatisfaction . Such * \ * » E £ - » er can be the result of any future poli t : e 2 i euiiige in England , because I focdly anticipate
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thai the whole country will have made up its mind upon the adoption of a system calculated to remedy all the social grievances to which the old one had subjected them . My dear lanton , there is one thing peculiarly striking in the importance , which you and all oihers , who have entered upon the practice of the small farm plan attach to the pursuit . You are ac ironfonnder , with large premises , and employing many hands ; and yet , Btrange to say , yon appear to attach much more importance te a spot of l&ad , comprising little more than three quarters of an acre , ti » an to . your other larger calling . So it is precisely with my goed friend Thornton . He has a large mill for dressing woollen cloths , and plenty of money ; and yet his little plot affords him greater pleasure than his large money-making concern , while he actually-pants for the moment that shall
drive him from the artificial enjoyment of money making , to the natural enjoyment derived from agricultural pursuits . I de wish you saw Mr . Thornton ' s plot . It would really astonish you . There ' s not a bit of waste or weed to be seen , and I have no hesitation in saying , that after paying £ 5 an acre for it , if Mr . Thornton was driven to the election of paying that rent , and relying upon the produce , or ef receiving £ 2 a week for "his labour , that he would much prefer paying the £ 5 an acre and living upon hi 3 own resources . Aye , and it would be mncjr better for him too . When I last saw your spot I was dreadfully hurt at seeing no less than 1 , 350 yards or more than one-third of youT allotment under grass ; and now what I venture to assort is this , that if any sceptic chooses to hazard a large wager that you will make clear over and above the enormous rent of £ 5 an acre more than one
hundred pounds of the amount of land in your possession something more than three qaarters of an acre . As you pay every year the crops are improving . Aye , and theyll go on improving too , in the exact proportion in -which yon apply labour to them . Dig your furrows a foot deep after every crop , and turn the earth in them once a month ; rather sow your seed too * thin than too thick . Let no weed be seen , and in the course of five years you wonld have three feet of soil rich enonjth for manure for the poorest ground : , and worth , if sold for that purpose , more than a thousand pounds . You see that the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury admits , after fonr years trial , that his crops are growing better and better ; and after four or five years general trial of of my plan , if I was laughed at for any thing it
would be for the poor estimate that I made of the valne of a man ' s labour when applied to four acres of ground . In five years a careful man might grow onions upon ev * ry inch of his four acres without a shovelfull of manure . Snch is the value of labonr when applied to land . By next Saturday the fourth number of my work upon Practical Farming will be published That number will complete the work , which as a whole will yet be found in every poor man ' s house in this country . In the fonrth number I have entered into calculations of profit and loss ; I have laid down rules for the management of every inch of ground , and have allotted the necessary amount of prodnce for the maintenance of a man , his wile , and family . " It will be seen that what 1 allow for the support of a man , his wife , and iour children for the year , is as follows 1—
Bacon ... 20 stone . Flour 1 stone per week . Potatoes 8 " •' Milk , or butter made from milk 3 quarts per day . Eggs , Poultry , Vegetables , and Honey , as mucn as they can consume . For clothing , 303 bsofwool , and the produce of a quarter of a acre of Sax . For rent seed and taxes £ . 4
Leaving , after a very low calculation of profit , tbe sum of iElOD as remuneration for a hundred and eighty £ ays labour . All my calculations have been made at a very low rate ; but I have preferred being under the mark rather than lead to those anticipations created npon the authority of the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury , whose assertions I by no means doubt ; but I think it rather hard that the Afcrcury should vouch for their truth , and yet deny the train of my more moderate assertions . I am glad that you tried my plan of planting whole potatoes , according to the rules laid down in No . 1 of my book ; and although they were planted at least a gnarier of a year after the proper season , yet do I venture to say that if your Swedish turnips b * rc astonished your visitors , your potatoes will bother them entirely .
Jfow , jost attend to the following rules : —land them up well from the earth , in the vallies ; don ' t dig them until they are thoroughly ripe , which will not be until the latter end of October ; and when you dig them , weigh them , estimate their value , deduct the cost of seed , rent , and labour , and let ns know what the profit is ; and I will venture to say that many a hard-working hand-loom weaver has been working for six months for less than the profit of four < iay 3 labonr of your man Michael will yield . Hoping to see you at Birmingham , whether elected or not ; and feeBng assured that your practical experience will be of tbe greatest possible advantage to our cause , socially and politically , I remain , my dear Linton , Your very faithful friend , Feakgbs O'Cosnob .
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GLASGOW . —Mr . G . J . Harney paid us a visit on Tuesday the 22 nd , and delivered a lecture in the Gorbals district in the evening , to a crowded and enthusiastic meeting . He proved to demonstra tion the fallacy of Whiggery , and the free trade nostrums ; and Ehewed the quackery of Dr . Peel and his slippery Eliding scale ; and he proved from Parliamentary returns , that nnder the operations of the Isew Tariff , tbe importation of many articles of foreign manufacture were increased as much as 400 per cent . Did they expect the working classes of this country were to be benefitted by such
extension" of trade ] - Ooud cries of no , no ) . In conclusion Mr . H . u-ged the necessity of farther exertion in the Chartist cause , and recommend that the people of England and Scotland should be united under one system of Organization . Mr . H . spoke for nearly two hours , and concluded amidst the rapturous applause of a delighted audience . Mr . James Livington , in a brief and highly complimentary speech , moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Harney , for his eloquent aad instructive lecture : seconded by Mr . Colguhonn , and carried by acclamation . Mr . H . was requested to deliver a lecture in the city , but was fcrevented in consequence of engagements entered into with other districts .
The Rev . W . Hill delivered a lecture on the " Repeal of the Union between Britain and Ireland , and the People ' s Charter , " on Monday evening , in -the Chartist Church , Regeut-street ; Mr . James Livingston in the chair . By the hour of meeting the house was completely crowded and many had to stand in the passages who could not obtain seats . The chairman , in a few pertinent remarks , thanked the meeting for tbe honour they had done him in appointing him to preside over such a large and respectable meeting of hi 3 fellowcitizens ; lie was more proud of being chairman of that meeticg than if he was to be appointed Speaker of the Honse of Commons . Those composing that meeting were engaged in a straggle for
the establishing of right and justice , while tbose who met in another place met to consider the best means of oppressing the people . He theii introduced Mr . Hill , who wa 3 received with tremendous cheers . He addressed them as fellow Christians . In that capacity , he said , he met them . He was not there to appeal to their passions ; he meant to address them in calm and sober earnestness . After some other prefatory remarks , the Rev . Gentleman entered at great length into a clear and masterly disquisition of the manner in which the "Union had been effected , and its baneful influence npon the condition of the people of Ireland . He contended that a Repeal of that blood-stained Union would be as beneficial to England and Scotland as it would be to tbe people of Ireland , inasmuch aa it wonld be the means of draining from our labour market a large portion of those who are being driven from their native land , throngh the iniquitous laws nnder
which they were suffering . He dwelt with great force upon the cruelties inflicted upon the Catholics by tbe blood-stained , gold-huntirjg , Burpliced monsters , the priests of the law church . In referring to the present position of tbe Repeal movement , he Baid the people of Ireland had bnt one of two courses to cioose , as to the means through which to obtain the Repeal ; that vw , throngh a House of Commons elected by , and imbject to the whole people , or by force of arms ; he would , therefore , earnestly recommend to the Irish Repealers the necessity of giving every assistance in their power to toe Chartists of England and Scotland ; and he would , on the other hand , press upon his Chartist friends the propriety of lending their aid to the Irish Repealer ^ Mr . Hill spoke for upwards of two hours , and concluded a speech , during the delivery of which he exhibited , to a happy degree , the sound politician , the scholar , and the gentlemw .,
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amidst loud and long continued cheering . After giving a vote of thanks to the lecturer and the chairman , tbe meeting broke up at half-past eleven o ' clock . LONDON . —Mr . Manfz Jeefcnred at the Black Horse and Windmill , on Sunday last , and gave great satisfaction . After the lectnre some business was transacted and the meeting separated . On Tuesday , August 28 th , a meeting of the Council took place , when & long discussion ensued on the best means to raise a general permanent "Victim
Fund , so that the families of the present and all future victims may be supported by the Chartist Association . Moved by Mr . N . Cannon and seconded by Mr . W . H . Bains ; "That this Council is of opinion that if the members of the National Charter Association were to contribute one penny per month for a permanent Victim Fund , it would at all times be sufficient to provide for the victims and their families ; and they would urge their recommendation upon the attention of the delegates at the Conference , so that it may become one of our standing rules . "
South London Hall op Science . —The members and friends of this locality met on Friday evening for the purpose of hearing a lecture by Miss S . luge . Mr . Andrews was elected to preside . He briefly introduced the lecturer , who was received with great applause . She delivered anteloquent and instructive lecture on the " Uses of Royalty . » She spoke for above one hour , interrupted only by frequent bursts of applause that came from the meeting . A vote of thanks w&s given to her at the close . Mb . Wheelek lectured on Tuesday evening , at the City of London Institution . Subject— " The fallacies of Free Trade . " The chair was occupied by Mr . Dunn . Mr . Rathbone also addressed the meeting , which was very numerous and attentive .
Somebs Town Locality . —Mr . Davoc reported from the delegate meeting , Turn-again Lane , that ten shillings , or more , would be required from each locality , to defray the expences of the London delegates , about to proceed to the Birmingham Conference . In accordance with this repoit , not only ten shillings were voted , but a further sum of fire , to be used in the event of any deficiency arising relative to the gross sum . SOUTHWAHK .-Corn Laws . —At the King of Prussia , Fair-street , Tooley-street , there has been for the last five Monday eveningB , a very animated and well-conducted discussion upon the Corn Laws v . the Charter ; on three of which evenings the part of the League was defended by Mr . M . P . Haynea , late
Editor of the Statesman , &c . &o . On the fourth evening , Mr . M'Grath , according to appointment , attended to assist the Chartists . Mr . haynes was not then present . Mr . M'Grath gave the sophistries of the League a severe shaking . A resolution was passed , inviting a deputation of the League , who attended on Monday evening last , in the person of Mr . A . L . Saul , of the League Council , and Mr . Wickham , official member of the anti-Corn Law League . The discussion was opened by Mr . Saul , in a speech of about one hour ( being three quarters of an hour more thaa rule } , with the usual sophisms of the League , among which was the Malthusian doctrine of our inability to produce a sufficient amount of food from the land . " Whynot ? because we do not . "
Mr . Blackburn followed , ably refuting the M<husian speech of Mr . Saul , proving the land to be capable of producing more than a sufficiency of food for the population ; and Bhowing the desirableness of falling baek upon the land as a rational , wholesome , and highly beneficial employment for the now enslaved , diseased , and crippled dwarfs that are lingering a miserable existence in the fetid death holes of manufactories . Mr . Wickham followed in a very long speech , in which he attempted to grapple with the arguments of Mr . Blackburn ; the soundness of which was plainly proved by this very learned advocate of the League at last coming to the self-same conclusions . Mr . Reed next addressed the meeting , in which he disclaimed with indignation any uuion with the Buckingham Parsons , &c . as insinuated by Mr . Wickham ; and also disclaimed any union with the League : they being , in his opinion , classed with
the Buckingham p : > rsor > 3 ; both being the direct enemies of the working classes . He waB followed by a Mr . Wakeford " , who built upon a foundation of sand : namely , the cheap loaf that the League would bny for us by a repeal of the Corn Laws . This was proved by Mr . Gat hard to be fallacious and sandy ; he showing by facts and figures that the loaf would not be " cheaper "; that the cost vf Che -production of a four pound loaf , rent , taxes , and all , was only iwo-> H > C £ ; that trade would not increase by a repeal of the Corn Laws , by the fact that Peel ' s modification of the Tariff was answered by six opposition Tariffs from foreign nations raising their duties ; the amount of machinery already in this country was sufficient , if all were employed , to clothe , feed , and house more than the population of the whole world . Air . G . then instanced the
rates of profits derived by the manufacturers from the labouring men , as was proved by the example of the profitmongere receiving fivepence-halfpenny out of each four pound loaf ; and that the laws protecting capital and its owners were more iniquitous to the people than the Corn Laws : the only remedy for which was political power that labour might be equally protected . Mr . Maynard followed , stating that the facts and figures of Mr . Gathard were fallacious ; but he entirely forgot to prove them so . He continued , rambling in favour of tbe Repeal of the Corn Laws , arriving ( as this ex- Chartist usually doe ?) at no conclusions ; but like Cook , the voyager , set off round the world , and arrived at the place he
started from : so that neither head or tail , argument or sense , could by any possibility be made of this gentleman's " talky . " After some few more speeches , Mr . Saul closed , a la Majnard . Mr . Mantz then came forward and challenged Mr . Saul to discuss this question with him , which Mr- ' Saul declined : but Mr . Falvey , of the Leagae , is expected to attend on Tuesday evening next , also Mr . Mantz , &c . Jkc . A vote of thanks was given to the impartial Chairman , ( the landlord of the house ) , and the numerous and respectable meeting separated . Chartists of South wark ; attend on Tuesday evening next . It will be the conclusion of this important discussion . Chair to be taken at half-past eight o ' clock .
BIBMINGHAM . Aston-Stbket . Mr . W . Chilton gave another lecture on " The Corn Laws and Free Trade , " on Sunday evening last ; and proved , by statistical accounts , that a 3 trade had increased , so wages had decreased in proportion , until the workies were ground down to the starvation point . He took a rapid view of the " Free Trade nostrums" of the last two years , and concluded by exhorting bis heaTers to stick to the whole Charter , a 3 the only mean 3 to raise them from their present degraded condition . After the lecture , letters were read from Mr . George White on tbe Organization , and the duties of the ensuing Conference , which gave general satisfaction .
Mr , White . —The Committee for Mr . white s support have determined to take a large building , and to solicit Mr . O'Connor to give a lecUire some evening next week , to endeavour to raise funds towards the support of that much-neglected victim of class-made laws . The Chabtists of Birmingham , usually meeting in Aston-street , have taken a more comfortable and commodious room , situated in No . 37 , Peck Lane , which will be opened to the public , with a lecture , on Monday next , the 4 th inst ., on the state of the nation ; the lecture to commence at eight o ' clock . A lecture will be delivered in the above room every evening during the Confererce .
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London . —Mr . Bolwell -ft-ill lecture at Somers Town on Sunday next . A full attendance of the members of the London Victim Committee is desired at the City Institution on Wednesday evening . Mr . M'Grath will lectuTe on Tuesday evening , at the City of Londen Institution , Turnagaia-lane . — Admission free . London Delegate Meeting . —Membersfrom every Locality axe requested to attend on Sunday afternoon , at the City of London Institution in order to decide respecting the ensuing Conference . Somehs Town Locality . —On Sunday evening next , Mr . Bolwell will leoture at Mr . Duddridge ' s , Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road . South Londoh Hall of Science , Blackfkiabs * Roap . —Mr . Bowkett will lecture at the above hall , on next Tuesday evening , September the 5 th . Subject— " The best means of the working men becoming freeholders . "
The Cookctllobs belonging to the City boot and shoemaker ChartistB are requested to attend on Sonday morning next , at eleven o ' clock , at 3 , Carrsquare , Moor-lane ; and the members and friends of the above locality are informed that the Star Coffee-House , is given upas a plaee of meeting . Due notice will be given of a new place when fixed on . Working Men ' s Hall , Mile End Road . —A iisenssion will take place at tbe above Hall , on Sunday morning next , 3 rd mat . Subject— " Repeal of the Union . " The discus-ion will be opened by Mr . M'Grath . Admission free .
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Mr . Sherrard will deliver a lecture in the evening . Marylebonk . —Mr . Fussell will deliver a lecture at the Mechanics Institution , Circus-street , Newroad , on Sunday evening , 3 rd inst .. at halfrpast seven o ' clock . Islington . —The Chartists of London intend to have a concert on next Monday and Tuesday , at the Flora Tavern and Tea ; Gardens , York-place , Barnbury-park . Amusements , to begin at five o ' clock in the afternoon . ; Macclesfieu ) . —A lecture will be delivered in the Chartist Toonjj St » nley-street , on Sunday , ( tomorrow ) , at six otclock in the evening , by Mr Thomas Clark , of Stookport . Subject , " Organization and the state of political parties . "
Nottingham .-t-A public meeting will be held at Mr . Hardy ' s house next Sundy evening , at eight o ' clock , for the purpose of forming an association in conuextion with the Chartist agitation . Friends to tbe cause will attend to give information and explain the principles of the People's Charter . Stockport . —On Sunday next , the Rev . W . V . Jackson , of Manchester , will lecture here , at six o ' clock in the evening . Hathern Turnw—A camp meeting will be held at this place on Sunday , Sept . 3 rd , to commence at two o ' clock . Mr . Dorcnan , of Nottingham , will attend A delegate meeting will be held at the same place , at five o ' clook on the aamo day .
ALMONDBCRr . — -A lecture will be delivered in the Town Hall on Monday evening next , by Mr . Henry Marsden , of Holmfi ^ th , on " The Social and Political Regeneration orMankind . " -To commence precisely at eight o ' clock—Three lectures will be delivered in the Town Hall , on the respective evenings of Tuesday , Wednesday , and Thursday , upon Elocution , by Mr . David Roas , of Manchester . To commence each evening at eight o ' clock . Mr . S . Davis will attend the following places : — On Tuesday . Sept . 5 th , Four Lane Ends ; Wednesday night , Low Moor ; Thursday night , Dudleyhill , at the house of Mr . Farrar , Hand and Shuttle Inn ; Friday night , Bradford Moor . at . the Coach and Horses Inn ; Saturday night , at Higbtown ; all in the Bradford district ; each meeting to commence at six o ' clock .
The South Lancashire Delegate Meeting will take place on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , in the Council Room , under the Carpenters' Hall , chair to be taken at ten o ' clook in the afternoon . LouGHBOROUGH . —Mr . Dorman , of Nottingham , will preach at this place on Sunday , Sept . 3 rd , at eleven o ' clock in the morning . Bdry . —A public lecture will be delivered in the Garden-street Lecturo Room , on Monday , the 4 th of September , by Mr . P . Daly , of Levenahulme , on the Repeal of the Legislative Union .
Shfffield . —On Sunday evening , Mr . Geo . Julian Harney will deliver a lecture in the Fig-tree Lane Room , commencing at seven o ' clock . — -On Monday evening , a public discussion will be held in the above room , to commence at half-past seven . —On Tuesday evening , a public ball will be held in the same room . Dancing to commence ^ at seven o ' clock Halifax . —According to previous announcement , a public meeting was holden here on Monday last , for the purpose of appointing a delegate to the forthcoming Conference , when Mr . Benjamin Rush ton was unanimously elected . Sowerby . —A camp meeting will be holden on Rat ten-row Moor , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Nottingham . —Mr . Jonathan Barber mil deliver
a lecture in the large room , at Dormant Temperance Hotel , Clare-street , on Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , the 5 th inst . On Monday , the 4 th inst ., there will be a Social Tea Party at the above Hotel . Tickets 9 d , each , to be had of Mr . Dorman . Mr . Jonathan Brown will lecture in the Marketplace , Nottingham , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock . Bradford—A camp meeting will be held at Idle Green , on Sunday , at half-past four o ' clock in the afternoon . Messrs Smyth , Alderson , and others will address the meeting .
The Chartists of Bowling Back-lane will meet in their Room on Sunday , at ten o ' clock in the morning and at two in the afternoon . The Chartists of Manningham , will meet in their Poomou Sunday , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . A full attendance is requested , as the discussion on the Organization will be concluded . The Chartists of the Central Locality will meet in thft Counoil Room , on Guuday morning , at nino o ' clock . The members are respectfully requested to be in attendance at the time appointed , as business of importance will be brought before the meeting . The Chartists of Park Place will meet in the School Room , Park Place , on Sunday morning , at nine o ' clock . Mr . J . H . Dewhirst , ono of the plot victims , lately liberated from Wakeficld College , will address the ChartistB of Idle , on Sunday afternoon , at halfpast four o ' clock .
A Special Meeting of the Council will be held in the Council Room , Butterworth Buildings , at ten o ' clock on Sunday morning , on business of importance . It is hoped every member will attend . The Chartists of Daisy Hill will meet in their room on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock . The Chartists of White Abbey will meet in their room , at eight o'clock on Monday evening . A full attendance is expected . LiiTLETowN in Liversedge . —Two sermons will be preached at this place on Sunday , the 10 th inst ., by that unconquerable foe to opression , Mr . Benj . Rush ton , of Ovenden , when collections will be made to liquidate tbe expenses of the room .
Manchester . —A meeting of the members of the Manchester locality will take place in the Carpenters ' Hall , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , chair to be taken at ten o ' clook in the forenoon . —There will be a public discussion in the afternoon of the same day ; chair to be taken at half-past two . A lecture will be delivered in the Carpenters ' Hail on Sunday evening next , Sept . 3 rd ; chair to be taken at half-past six o'clock . Miners' Association . —Mr . John Auty will lecture on Saturday ( this day ) , at Clouga-side , near Ratcliffe ; on Monday , Sept . 4 th , Bradbury ; Tuesday
5 th , Hight Lane ; Wednesday , 6 th , Norbourg ; Thursday , 7 ch , Hyde ; Friday , 8 th , Dukenfield ; and on Saturday , 9 ib , at Hurst Brook . Mr . Auty wishes to put the miners on their guard against an individual who is perambulating the mining districts , and professing a great deal of sympathy for the sufferings of the miners , thereby ingratiating himself into favour with the men , and always urging them to leave their employment and strike against the tyranny to which they are subjected . This person is not recognised by the Miners' Association . Miners , beware of being induced to rush into a premature strike .
Untitled Article
ENORMOUS PROFITS OF MASTER TYPE FOUNDERS , AND STRIKE OF THE WORKING MEN . i On Tuesday evening , a crowded meeting of the working men of London took place , at the National Association Hall , High Holborn , for the purpose of expressing their sympathy . ( with the Type Founders of tbe FirmB of Messrs . Thorowgood and Besley , V . and J . Figgins , and Caslon . At eight o ' clock , the chair was taken by jMr . Holborough , who stated to the meeting that if the reduction in the rate of wages proposed by ithe masters had been in reason , the strike would jnever have taken place ; but the fact was , that the { masters of whom they complained now required a { reduction in the rate of wage 9 in some respects jequal to 75 per cent , under the pretence that they had greatly
lowered their list of prices to the Master Printers All the reduction they had made' to these did not exceed 25 per cent off the old book prices , while they reduced the allowance they made for old type from 6 d . to 3 d . per lb . Messrs . jWilson , of Edinburgh , sold at lower prices than itjie London Masters ; and yet could afford to give their men the old wages . He did not envy thel masters' profits j but when he saw them making rapid fortunes , he really thought those that toiled for their advantage should share with them . Submission in some respects might be a virtue ; and , though he for one did not approve of strikes , yet ! submission here would only bring on more imposition . He concluded by calling ou Mr . Webbs to move the first resolution , to the following effect : \—
"That it is the opinion of this ; meeting that the workmen in the employ of Messrs . ! Figgins , Caslon , Thorowgood and Besley , having submitted to a reduction of from ten to twenty per cent , on the 1 st of July last , were fully justified in turning out against a further reduction of their , wages , averaging on the whole from twenty-three to seventy-five per cent ., as proposed by their late employers . " This speaker opened the " secrets of the prisonhouse" with a vengeance . He proved the masters ' profits , in some eases , to be above £ 400 on £ 100 of capital employed . He instanced ; the case of one master who began only with a capital of £ 400 , retiring with a fortune of £ 80 , 000 , only having employed , during the majority of the years he was in business , ten casters ; while Messrs . Figgins employed forty now , with a net profit of £ 8 , 000 per annum on their labour ! ! ! A Mr . Miller retired with a fortune of £ 200 , 000 . The cost of the
materials was then very high , regulus of antimony being often £ 18 where it was now but 50 i . per ton . Messrs Thorowgood had published a statement of wages , so as to lead the public to believe their men had been well paid ; while the fact was , that even at the old prices a crack workman could not average more than 25 s . per week , for which hisi \ constitution was being daily sacrificed by the fumes of arsenic evolved from the furnace . No Benefit Societ y would ACCEPT A TYPE-FOUNDER AS A MEMBER , their COnStltUtions being destroyed frequently j after ten years ' labour . Yes , here was a small body of men , yielding an immense profit to their employers , being sacrificed to a spirit of gain unequalled ; in the history of monopolies . Mr . Thorn concluded a long speech , in which he made statements proving [ more against the cupidity of the masters than our space will allow us to give ; and the resolution , after having been ably seconded by Mr . Herritage , wag carried unanimously .
Mr . Barbrick moved the second resolution " That the typo founders of London having been for five weeks unable , by every reasonable means , to persuade Messrs . Thorowgood and Co . to desist from their astounding reductions , now deem further appeal to them useless , and therefore [ turn to a higher and more merciful power—the working classes of London ; with whose generous assistance they are convinced that their object will soon be attained . " He said that some of tke masters became overseers of the poor in order to get the unfortunate paupers into their employ at a reduced rate of wage . Mr . Figgins told the men that kk he cared not for them ; he must have his profits" ! ;
Mr . Bolwell seconded this resolution m a speech that elicited much applause . He alluded to the topics introduced by the previous speakers , and said that on principle alone the working ! men of London should support this strike . If so small a body of men as the type founders could not in this instance find support , he thought little of the trades of London . They had done their duty nobly on 'former occasion , —let them do so now . He thought it needed no great power of oratory to induce them to come forward . Of all oppressive reductions he ever heard
this was the basest . Did the amtacrcy dare to use the working millions as these middle class tyrants had done ? Producers of wealth I how are you treated ? Mechanics by thousands walk the streets starving , or beg their way as vagrants through the land . The last resource of the working man uow is the crutch , or the poor house . Would this be the case if they all endeavoured to do each other justice ? They must unite .. Apathy bow was the worst of criminalities . When just complaints are useless , because unheeded , the fault lies only at his door who refuses to sympathise and to assist . .
Mr . Killikgback supported the resolution , which was carried with applause , when Mr j Mantz read the third resolution , viz ., " That this meeting , knowing from bitter experience , that wealth and capital have ever waged with labour an unjust cruel war , pledges itself to support the type founders ; to the utmost extent in their power , In their just resistance to the heartless oppression of their master 3 ;; and in order to break up this monopoly deem it advisable that the workmen publish a statement of theiprofits of their employers , and thus offer an opportunity to men of capital to embark in this lucrative ! trade . " This speaker discanted at great length on ithe remarks of
the previous ones—calling oa the meeting at the same time to open their purses as ! well as their hearts ; for sympathy was a poor ; thing without relief . He had seen at Slockport living men feeding ou the putrid carcase of an ox : and he conjured the meeting to look to themselves in these strikes ; or his might come to pass in London .- The trades must unite to assist each other , and he suggested the formation of a committee , independent of the type founders present , for that purpose . The masters wanted to overflow the trade with human competition , so that they might get their work done at starvation-wages . j
Mr . M'Donald seconded tbe last resolution , facetiously remarking on the suddon nights of reporters who , with the single exception of that for the North ern Star , had left the meeiing . He ; advised them not to trust the press—( A voice in the crowd The Northern Star" ) . That was the people's own paper , and he knew they would always find ii so—( cheers ) . On the Stonemasons Strike , £ 3 , 000 out of the £ 6 , 000 expended , had been furnished by the trades of London ; and he trusted the type-founders would create a like sympathy in their behalf . j After a few observations from Messrs . Cowan , M'Frederic , Caiter , and oihers , this resolution re-C 8 ived the assent of the meeting ; aHdJthanKs having been voted to the Chairman for his able conduct in the chair , it was dissolved ]
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L REPEAL ASSOCIATION-MOOTHT . Since the commencement of the Repeal Association , rapid and formidable as has been its progress , there has not been so much excitement at any previous meeting as that held to-day . This was . owing to the intense anxiety respecting thVcoarsa which Mr . O'Conhell would pursue in reference io the declaration of ministers on the Repeal Agitation in the Queen's speech . Before twelve o ' clook , the hour fixed for the meeting , the Coin Exchange wes crowed to excess . The chair was taken by 6 . P . Fogabtt , Esq ., of Castle FogBrty , county of Tipperary .
Mr . Steele said that as it bad bsen determined by a vote of this Association to give as order to Mr . Hogan forthwith to execute a statue of O'ConnelL , the only question that rema i ned was whether the great father of his country should be represented j . Residing at Tara , or as he appeared at Mallow-, w'ben uttering a fiery defiance at Peel and Wellington in reply to their threat to attack the people of IreftndY The Irish people despised the threats © f ™ £ ? £ Pee 1 ' the Woody old Indian Seapoy —Wellington ( groans and cheers ) . Mr . Hogaa preferred to execute the statue in the latter attitude ;; and therefore he ( Mr . Steele ) would move that thiff Association give its approval to tb » suggestion . Oa . the base of the statne should be the > mamoraWe wor < fc uttered by the liberator on that occasion —•* They aiay trample upois me ; but it shall not be on my livingibody , but on my corpse . " The motion havragibeen seconded * by Mr . Scott . of Edinburgh * passed ? with acclamatien .
Owing to theorovrded state of the-room , a good deal of confusion took place while the Secretary was clearing the reporters table of jnombers who sought accommodation-at it . Mr . Reill-ss , T . C , e * wd he was glad- to- see them ? so much incommoded iniconsequence of She crowded state of the room * for it proved that the * ridiculous ' speech reported to have been spoken by ? the Queenhad not cowed the people 1 of ilreland—( load cries of M It never will—it never shall" ) . Mr . John O'Connell , in- explanation of this
observation of Mr . Reilly , begged to say that they distinctly recognised the fact that the Queen , was in a position of coercion ; ( hear * hear )—that the speech m question was- her ministers'' and not her own—( cheats ) . She was under the constitutional coercion of her ministry , supported by a majority of the present house of Parliament , and was obliged tomake that speech . It wis wMhy of remark * bxwr * ever , that Peel could not induce her t 6 nde ^ ttg ^^ stronger phrase than , the milk-and-water one of " deep concern ** ( hear ^ hear ) .
At half-past one o ' clock , Mr . Q'Counell entered the meeting , amidst the most enthusiastic acclama » - tions . Mr . O'Connell . said that he observed in the Freeman ' s Journal of that morning , a letter from & gentleman who reports for the-Times . He had read that letter with the greatest attention and with much pleasure . He liked both the tone and temper of it ( hear , hear ) . Its author had asserted himself with the dignity of a gentleman , and without the slightest ill-feeling or anything inconsistent with the strictest propriety , whilst he had convinced him ( Mr . O'Connell ) that he was in the wrong ( hear , man who reported should be totally neutral ; but , if hear ) . He had suddenly asserted that gentl >
he had reflected for a moment , he would have remembered that reporters act also as private correspondents for newspapers all over the world ; and would , of course , have seen that he had totally forgotton one part of their duty . He wished , therefore , ta observe , that he coBsidered th ] B neutrality of reporters to be confined to the reporting of the proceedings of public meetings ; and so long as thoy reported those proceedings fairly they were entitled to every aid and assistance which could be afforded them . They were the most useful class of the public in perpetuating sentiments whioh would otherwise be evanescent and perish with the voice of the spaaker who uttered them ( hear , hear ) . He had only to repeat that he was in the wrong , and the gentlemrx .,, to whose letter he referred , was in the right ( cheers ) .
Mr . Ray read a letter from the Repeal Association of Louisiana , United States , inclosing a remittance of £ 126 63 . lOd . Mr . O'Connell spoke in the warmest terms of the subscribers in Louisiana , and moved that the letter should be inserted on the minutes . Mr . John O'Connell read a letter from the Rapealers of Ohio—the Repeal Association of Cincinnati—enclosing a remittance of £ 113—( cheers ) . The writer stated that slavery does not exist in the State of Ohio , but went on to assert the difficulties of
getting rid of the system , which was in accordance with the compact entered into at the union , and could not be abolished without violating the fundamental lawa and the national compact of the United Statcu . With these sentiments , the letter stated that the Repealers of Ohio had seen with surprise the speech of Mr . O'Connell . That speech was powerful and eloquent , but they totally dissented from his arguments . They were free from slavery in Ohio ; but , nevertheless , they " despised the abolitionists . " The letter concluded by expressing sympathy for the wrongs of Ireland .
Mr . 0 Connell observed that slavery did not exist in Ohio , and they could not , therefore , object to receive the money transmitted . He strongly tvademned the sentiments expressed in this letter in defence of slavery . The attacks upon the Abolitionists were mere trash and nonsense ; and be despised the attempt to mitigate the horrors of slavery by men who boasted that their own state was free from the stain and the disgrace . It was his intention to move that this letter from Ohio should be referred to the committee , in order that a detailed answer should be returned . He denied that man could be the property of his fellow man — ( loud
cheers ) . He had no compassion for the man whoze property was negroes . Reverse tbe picture , and suppose tbrat the yellow American were the property of the black negro—who would have compassion for the slave-holding negro—( oheers ) . This document * which asserted much that was untrue , and conoeal . I much of the truth , should be met promptly and in detail . Let Ireland but obtain her legislative independence , and the ; would have missionaries preaching freedom in every region where slavery degrad d the human race—( cheers ) . Mr . O'Connell concluded by moviDg that the letter from Ohio be referred to the . committee . —Carried .
A contribution of £ 270 was handed in from Newfoundland , and . a vote of thanks was passed to Dr . Fleming , the Roman Catholic Bishop of the island , for his exertions in support of Repeal . Several communications were read , in one of which was a statement to the effect that the writer was induced to send in his subscription by the implied threats in the Queen ' s Speech . Mr . O'Connell said , that this speech was we ' , described by the Morning Chronicle , which said that it deserved to be designated as the essence of stupidity and insolence' - ( hear , hear , hear ) . That speech we ? not a royal authority , as the writer of the letter referred to seemed to think . It was a Ministerial authority only , and as such should it be
treated—( hear , hear ) . Mr . O'Connell then proceeded to address the meeting in reference to his plan for reorganizing the Irish Parliament . He said it was wrong , as stated in the Times , that the English House of Lordshad at all times judicial authority over the Irish Lords and Commons . It had such authority up to 1782 , but in that year the great Act of Settlement was passed , which recognised the independence of the judicial authority of Ireland . In the Act for repealing the Union this prinoipie should be recognised . His plan for the reorganization of the Irish Parliament had nothing whatever to do with the next step—the Preservative Association . Full details were necessary before that Association should be formed . He was glad to be enabled to say
that already a large number of gentlemen of the first respectability were ready to become candidates for seats in the "Preservative Association . " He would not propose the plan of that Association until he had it so thoroughly arranged aa to be strietly witiiia . the Jetter of the law . All penal Acts of Parliament affecting the liberty of the people should only be obeyed according to their strict letter . He concluded by moving that district Repeal Wardens should be appointed for the two first towns on his list which are to return members to the Irish Parliament , namely , Arklow and Ardee . These district Wardena will be required to make out lists of all the householders—all the married men ; in Bhort , of all the persons who will be qualified to vote for representatives inder the new Irish Constitution .
j THE QUEEN ' S SPEECH . 1 Mr . O'Connell said , that from the importance of j the topics introduced in the Queen's speech , it wrs thought necessary to come to their consideration with all possible deliberation , and from the lateness of the hour , he thought it the better course to defer any remarks upon them , until to-morrow ; but he could not help observing that that which was called the Queen ' s speech was the Minister's speech , ( near , hear . ) It was no more the Queen ' s than hia ( Mr . O'Connell ' s ) . The sentiments were those of the Ministry , and this he wished to be distinctly understood in Ireland , as he desired to counteract that incitement to disaffection which that speech was calculated to produce . He did not think that
a more traitorous proceeding was ever adopted by any Ministry to its Sovereign than thai speech—a proceeding njore likely te- estrange from the crown th ? . Joire ° f- * he- people could not be designed . Ife exhibited © a the part © f tfte Ministry a degree « £ - pronigaos * that , base as he believed them to be , h » did not believe them capable of exhibiting . ( Hew . * The Irish people were accused of being disaffected and discontented ; He denied that they were , disaffected , bat he admitted they were discontented , and it Would be his duty to show to-morrow that if they were not discontented , they would dq the most degraded of human beings . ( Cheery . ) He then moved that the meeting adjourn till , to-morrow , at two o ' clock , whioh was adopted . The week's rent was announce / a to be £ l s 380 7 s . 4 d ^ and . the meeting separated . JSv ^ T * i
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THE LETTER FOUNDERS OF L O NDON , TO THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL . We have had numberless difficulties to contend with during our present resistance to one of the most enormous reductions ever known to be proposed to any body of the working classes , and which , we believe , would only be concocted by men possessing no feeling for their workmen , or union workhouse GUARDIANS ; too many of whom , < and two of our oppressors do , or did belong , to the latter body ) at all times , show but little sympathy to tbe unfortunate workmen under their charge . On one of these employers being remenBtratDd with on tbe injustice of his conduct , and that the men would not be able to support their families ,, &o , he abruptly replied , that that was nothing to him , for he wnuld have his profits .
There is one of the difficulties which more particularly requires your attention to , because it has emanated from parties ( Thorowgood and Besley , ) whom we never believed capable of resorting to such malignant and insidious conduct , with an intention to counteract our appeals to you for sympathy and assistance ; and thereby to have us more completely in their unmerciful grasp . They have had the hardihood to circulate a printed handbill , beginning thus .: — " An attempt having been made by some of the workmen employed in some of the principal London Type Foundries to excite the commisseration of their fellow-workmen in the various trades in the Metropolis , BY gross statements , as to the rate of wages '' Now . fellow-workmen , in these few
words just quoted from their own bill , Messrs . Thorowgood and Besley have knowingly printed and circulated two falsehoods ; for instead of our appeals being made by OJJiY some 6 f the workmen , these gentlemen (?) know they have been made by all the men employed on piece work in the trade , and that evert one op THEIB OWN MEN HAVE IUNRED OUT—this is falsehood the first . The accusation of eur making GROSS statements as to the rate of waoes , ia falsehood the second ; nntil they come forward with a correct average statement of the wages of all the men who have left tbelr employment , and thus" prove our statement of 18 s . per week to be underrated , which we now again , fearless of honest contradiction , repeat to be much under rather than above 18 s . per week .
Fellow-workmen , the above parties charge us with propogating falsehoods ; we indignantly deny the calumny , and thus publicly challenge Mr . V . and J . Figgins , Messrs . Thorwgood and Besley , to print , and show to the public , the list of prices , the names and wages of all their men that are out , instead of selecting enly ten , and thus mislead the public by giving thei
Untitled Article
wages only as a criterion by whic&tOjjnage of tbe whole ; and it is a notorious-fact , that in the list of the ten nsmea selectsd by them , they barre had the indecent effrontery to attach weekly wages to | one of the names as earned during tbe period of Bve weefo that the-workman was laying on a sick bed . In another ease they have included a considerable sum of money , an earned during that six months , which they most have kno-wa was earned two years before I' ! i Feltow-workmea , from' the fact of these employers having no other resource to fly to , in order to Injure ns in your estimation , but that of falsehood and calumny , W 8 trust you will perceive that onr present resistance 1 to
unbearable oppression , is not founded on a mere idle wbim , or momentary caprice , or concocted or got up by ONLY SOaE of the workmen , for every man on piese work in the trade is opposed to so eriormora a reduction of from 23 to 75 per cent , as is proposed bjr these sahJ employers . Instead of its being 18 s . per week , it will beless than 12 s . ; and we well know that their profits ( of which we will shortly enter in full detail ) are such as toenable them to give a fair and reasonable price for thelabonr of their workmen . Other extensive foundries , Messrs Wtodand Shai-woods , A . Wilspnanc 6 S » n \ ¥ wser , and several other small foundries , still give the original prices , and declare that the men ' s wages are already too low . •;
Fellow , workmen , we are well aware that on the accuracy of our staWJj || nt 3 might depend the success or failure of our endeavours to frustrate the heart-rending attempts of Messrs . Thorowgood ] and Besley , Mr . Ceilon , and Messrs . V . and J . Figgins , to reduce oarselves , wivts , and families , from oar already miserable existence , to beggary and starvation ; In fact , the workhouses , of which those gentlemen ( Mr . Besley and J . Figgins are , or were Guardians ) are most likely to be our homes ere long , for it will be impossible to provide food or homes with the scandalous { reduction bow proposed on our wages ; therefore we have hitherto adhered to the truth in all our statements , and will continue so to do , in hopes that a discerning public will aid us in our efforts . ' On hehalf of the Committee , Roland Owen , Chairman . Committee Room , Ship , Glesshouse Y ^ rd , Aldersgats Street l
To Mr. John Ltkton, Of Selby, In Tohksh3re.
TO MR . JOHN LTKTON , OF SELBY , IN TOHKSH 3 RE .
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TOL . YI . WO . 303 . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 2 ; 1843 . price i ^^ ^ T ^^ 7- > - ^ ; Five ahlUlngB P » r Quarter .
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1 Bt AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 2, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1228/page/1/
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