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PORTRAIT OF W. P. EOBERTS, ESQ.
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1843.
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tfotti&i & 5B$>£?gtic $nUTli£tttte
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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3 Jr . O'ConxoK baa received communications from many districts in all of which a vtry great desire is expressed to have a p ortrait of Mr . Roberta , the people ' s Attorney-General . We cannot wonder that a strong -wish should be entertained to possess a Likenes * of so truly amiable , talented , and true a man ; and although we know that Mr . O'Connor had determined to givt no more Portraits , yet we cave the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Three Months , from Saturday , the 16 th of Sept ., will receive a portrait oy W . P . ROBERTS , THE PEOPLE S ATTORNEYGENERAL . We request the several Agents to open lists for the enrolling of names , as none bnt Subscribers from the above dates will receive a plate . The price ef Paper and Plate when presented will be Sixpence ; and none will be sold without the pap r .
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MILITIrY REVOLT AT MADRID . The P ^ C-i * Monilatr , of Monday , publishes Or lol- j loiffirjcttlegiaphie desp&txji : — j " Satosse , Sept . 3 ^ In the night of tbe £ 9 ih to ihb -TOto , a battalion el the Regiment del Principe re- ¦ Tolted at Madrid . The men demanded their discharge , irbieh fcai been promised to them . This t » ttalion-was Immediately dasraed . Five sergeants , two corporals , ? ad 0 B 8 private ^ rere shot oa tbe momiBg of tlie 30 th , in presence of ^ he garrison , trbxb . appeared to be de- fofced to the < 6 foTEtnment TbeQaeea and Infanta wtorafta to Madrid ob H » evemBg -of the SOUi . They ^ ps » received -with the -wannest enthusiasm . 3 I * drid . was perfectly tran-^ n ! L : Th » Jgsdrid Gazette of tbe 28 & -ultimo contains * decree of lie Minister of tbe Interior , prescribing that as « oon-sa lira elections for tbe ^ Gortes Bhal } haTe been temacsted , all the provindsl -deputations shall t » a re- -sewed , and enter on their firacfionsite . first of Xovettiemsxt This decree hod created considerable sensatiartA Madrid , as it -was considered a violation of the ^ restitution . , ¦
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^ EEPORTS CON CERNING DISTURBANCES IN ITALY . Rome , A = oe . " 20 th , The discovery of some revolutionary plots men- " "tioned according to report in my last haTe Eince leceived some fnri . Her-eonfirmation . The police are ~ rerj zsalonsly eegaged in pursuit of the accused , whose number is said -to be very great . 'The most \ extraordinary circsmstanee is , that some men of ' , respectability and eminence in this and theneigh-1 Iwuring states are understood to he eogaged in this i absurd enterprise . Several of the conspirators have already tafcen refege in ffight , and hare for the pre- ; sent escsped le ^ al puTsait . —Frankfort Taper . Coi * & , Are . 2 S : h . ' |
By private aooounts from Bologna , "we have received information to the following effect : —A conspiracy , which has ^ ramifications through Middle and I « ower Italy , has ~ at last come to the point of an outl > resk . Bnt even here the just-opening political ¦ news haTe already degenerated into common brigandage . Prom 500 to 600 men , according to some accounts many more > chiefly political fugitives , smugglers , * nd F&ecbini , after their attempt to take JJologna by surprise was discovered and frustrated , returned to the hills above Savigno and Bazzano . The original leaders of the movement , among whom is ihe young Maroheae Tanara , a Coum Zambeeeeri , and a Pieaniontese ex-officer , named Melarc , have effected : heirescape . . Now , the persons at the head of the insurrection are one Lambertini from Bologna , two brothers Mnratori from Bszzano ( one of whom ia a physician ) & corn-dealer from Baziano , and a man who was formerly a gendarme , from Bologna .
A captain of gendarmerie , who endeavoured to pursue theinsurgents with a corps of gendarmes and Tolnnteers , had been assassinated . The Government treasury , on which designs were entertained , has been eonveyed to the palace of the Cardinal , whtre also the Commander of the Second Foreign Regiment , Count Salis -Zigers , has his head . quarters . Before the . Palace-twe pieces of artillery are stationed , and a company of -Grenadiers mounts guard . All The officers of the garrison are quartered in the barracks . On the tsih and 16 th three companies , and on the
28 th a detachment of 40 men , were sent against the insurgents . These troops are posted at Bergatto , and the Papal national troops at Bazrano . Captain dvanns , of the Gendarmes , has the chief command £ The ABgememe Zeil-ung of the 28 th states that the above account was inserted in that paper of the 27 th , after several thousand copies had been printed . it was , therefore , repnblifched on the 28 th- ; bat it is observed that none of the facts are mentioned in the Milan and other Italian papers which had been received to the 24 th instj Leghobs , At-6 . 22 ad .
By Bologna letters of the 19 th we learn , that the Swiss Carabnziers sent against the disorderly persons of this province who haye taken to the field , have already had some skirmishes , bnt of little importance , Tilth the rioters . However , the action which look place en the ISA on the declivity rear Savigno , iad a result somewhat more serions for the measures adopted in the beginning of the month were renewed at Bologna , whither the troops which had been sent to Ferrara and Romagna were recalled . The Government has - published nothing irat the following is the report of the affair circulated in the « iy : —
** About forty or fifty insurgents , who had made their appearance sear Caselechlo , advanced on the 13 ; h along Ihe heights as far as Savigno , where they surprised a detachment of twenty Carabiniers , com-Banded by Captain Castelvetii , xjnd also some Pontificisl Tolnnteers . Some shots being exchanged , the eaptaia and fonr of his men were killei i the rest : Sed , leaving their ammunition , arms , and horses in the hands of the insurgents . The party then advanced into the district , and It is said killed the secretary , who w * s at the head of the Pontificial
TolnnteerSjand al « o fcwoTolnnteers who were bearers cf despatches . i ** It seems other armed parties have appeared ' abont Vergato and "Barzano . The fact i 3 that since &e 16 th , troops have daily l > een marched agaiast the rebels from Bologna . Of the forces sen ; ont , 400 are Swiss , 500 Carabiniers , 100 Tolunteers , and 100 are Pevenne Guards , who are habituated to ex- ' cordons in the mountains . The movements of the \ troops are very slowly made , because the great oh- 1 ject is to surround the insurgents and make them ' surrender prisoners at discretion . "
The British Packet , a Bnenos Ajres paper , of the 1 st of July has arrived , according to which the lm- j perial troops , under Baron de Caxias , have gained a ! victoryin Rio Grand , and wholly put to flight the ' rebels with their leaders , Canovarro and Nieto , -which , it is said , will much inconvenience TGvera and his supporters , since they had hoped to supply Ujemselves with fnnds to carry on the war by the , raising 500 , 000 dollars on the mortgage of the Cos- j tom-honse dnties for ISO . It is also siserted that i so closely pressed is the Montevidean President for ) money t © furnish his troops with necessary equip- ] aeni . and provisions , as to hare effected a sale of the Government-honse for 80 , 000 dollars ; but these ' ,
statements of course mnst be received with all due 1 allowance for the exaggeration the conductors of the j ¦ press of Sonth America indulge in , especially when ' ' rival interests are concerned and aa opponent is I sought to "be crashed . This same paper alleges a ] serious fracas to have occurred between Senor Regis , ' of the Brazilian Legation , and an Italian named - Gerabaldi , wherein the former , not having received I the satisfaction he considered dne to his "post on application "to the authorities , had withdrawn hi 3 snpport by retiring on board the Brazilian Eqoadron outside the roadstead , till he had communicated with his Government on the suhject of the insult . jGarabaldi is said to be a person of bad character , and ihe refusal of SenOT Regis Jo meet him , ia explanation of some aspersions respecting 13 s career of life , appears to be the origin of this diplomatic insult , ihe Montevidean Government , when called npoa to
interfere , treating the matter more a 3 a private dispute than one in which they ought officially to exercise their power . Altogether this story deserves Mttlenoiice beyond being adduced as another of the attempts on the part of Rosas and his adherents to excite foreign powers against Rivera and his followers- At the date of this paper there were 121 vessels in port , of which thirrj-two were British , and eleven American . Exchange on England was at the late of 3 d . per paper dollar . By this opportunity Talparaiso acconnts to the 18 th of May have been received . Pern , it is stated , continued disturbed , but Chai was tranquil . Sales of grey calicoes and shirtiiigs had been tffecled , although slocks generally were very heaTy . American grey cloths , twentyeight inch , had sold at 5 f cents , per yaid , in bond . Freight was £ 2 10 s . to £ 3 ; sad ihe exchange 45 dollars to 46 dollars .
"New Zealand papers toihe 27 th of April have also eometohand . The New Zealand Gazttte and Wei-UrigUm Spectator gives a long account of the flourishing condition of Port Nicholson , bnt th ' e article is founded on materials so frail that the prosperity Coasted will Dot bear investigation . Wages for mechanics are averaged at from £ 2 to £ 3 per week , andforlabcnrers £ l 10 s . lo £ 1 16 a . but provisions are enqrmensly dear , were these rates in reality paid . Bnt this , « nfortnnately , is not the case . When the work is to be performed , there is great difficulty in obtaining h 6 Ten when much reduced UrmB are agreed for .
• v PilCFSlA * Finance Minister ,. M . Bodelsch-Y * ng , has juss pnblished certain financial rettirns . According to them , 11 . 644 vessels entered Prussian ports in 1842 , of which 6 , 354 were foreign , and 5 . 310 iTiissian . The Prussian , vessels were of 4 S 9 000 lasts , the foreign shipping bnt of 393 , 000 . The popni ^ SS £ ( n F 1 ^* 11 monarchy is declare d to be 15 , 300 , 000 souls . It appears that Holland is abou to yield on the great qaestion of the free navigation of thB Rhae—Frankfort Journal . Bxsotxr , Aug . 27 . —Our harvest , which is partly got in , is most abundant , and all other productions promise to yield xreal crops , thongh they will be jirach later than UBuaL On this account the magis-Sratesin several districts have already resolved tbat to secure the crops from injury , the commencement lOf the shooting season ( whieh Bhould be on th ' e 1 st of 'September ) shall be deferred till further notice , ac-¦ cording to drcamstsoces .
"Zmz Baltic Tbadk—EisptOBE . —The number of ; ships thai passed the Sound in July was—From the "North Sea , 880 ; from the Baltic 3 1 ^ 08 ; total 2088 . 1 The English ships WEre- ^ From the Jiorth "Sea ;! 204 ifrom ; the Baltic , 237 ; total , UL—Hamburgh ' papers , Sepi . 1 . . j 5 pabt . —PjLEis , Sets . 3 . —The Debate h&s telegra- * % Ma news from Bartelon * of the 59 & . Great ' c&gmetnde prevailed . Rioters had pulled down t ) be elsotorsJ lists frvJB the doors « f ihe provincial deputation , j ^ o trpppf iad ardyed and this in- , ¦ $ r $ md tbeagitiiioir . ; j ; | ;
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| Thb East . —The Levant mail has brought Con . Stantinople letters sf the 17 th . The Porte Beemed inclined to pursusun anta-Christian course of policy . The massacre of the Nestori&ns had caused great sensation . Izzit Pacha had been appointed to inquire into the disturbances of Bosnia . Accounts from Erzerosra were aot satisfactory . Negotiations were suspended , and the Persians colfecting troops . The plague had made its appearance . me pragtrenau inaue us appearance ,
} j < | ' j ! ' I \ ] ; ! Ws -EavE received a private letter from our corj respondent at Constantinople , dated the 17 th ult ., ] at which period considerable aaxiety prevailed da that 'City in consequence of a demand made by the i Russian Minister to the Porte for permission to mra-ch a corps d" armie of " 26 , 000 men to the Servian I frontier , to enforce the entire fulfilment of the condi-1 'tions imposed by the Emperor on the Servians . At i ^ hat period , however , the result of the great meeting i-of the Servian proprietors which was held at Brq-! javat 2 on the 8 th ult . was not known at Constanti-\ nople , nor the consequent departure from the ; Servian territory of Wuscitsch and Petroniewitsch , i which puts an end to all difficulties on the subject .
1 j , j j : j j The Zurich Oaxelle of the 31 st ult ., contains the i following : — " Civil war has broken out . Dr . Barj man left this morning vfith a mission from the Goi vernment . Last evening , the patriots of St . Gin-! gulpb , De Voury , and De Montey , entered this ! place ; they are commanded by M . Toris . Refresh ments were -served to them in the Abbey , where i they passed the night . Tbbj sang patriotic airs . ' This morning they left , taking with them two pieces 1 of artillery , "
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4 * Several Farms in the consty of Cork ate out of lease by the death of Mr . James Healy , of Newmarket . Lord Sttakt de Rothesa ? is about to retire from his embassy at St . Petersburgh . His Lordship has , for some time back , been labouring under physical indisposition , and the arduous duties of an embassy growing daily more important and delicate , will soon be an overmatch for bis increasing infirmities . I / oss -of the Queen Sieam-Packet . —Intelligence reached Dublin on Monday aftemoen of the wreck of the steam-vessel the Queen , Captain Gardner , trading between that port and Bristol . She sailed from Bristol forBablin on Friday morning , and it was on her course thither that she waa lost The crew , with the exception of one man , were raved , but the cargo was loBt .
ParliaMEXTaRt ReTUBKS . —As a proof the enormous and unnecessary expense to which the country is yearly put by members of Parliament moving for retarns , it may be stated tbat during the last session one return connected with one of the metropolitan prisons moved for in the House of Commons oocupied three clerks upwards of thirty days , and contained , amongst other particulars , npwarda of 13 , 000 names . It was also so -weighty that it was almost mors than a man could carry , and thB-printing of it cost about £ 2000 . — Times . The Lorps Commissiosers of the Admiralty have issued orders that from henceforward the Madeira , West Indian , Mexican , and Mediterranean mails , are to be embarked and landed at Southampton , instead of at Palmonth , by ¦ whieh the steam-ships will be allowed to proceed direct to their destinations , and the d « lays that have hitherto occurred will be avoided . —Standard .
Dreadfcl Attempt to Murder on Saffron Hill . —During the whole of Wednesday morning , in the neighbourhood of Saffron Hill , much excitement prevailed , in cons&quence of a rumour prevailing that an Italian , whose Christian name is Dominic , and who is a vendor ofimages , had been murdered by a countryman , "who gave the name of Raymond I / a cade , following the same trad a It appears that the two men , the previons day , toefc lodgings at No . 6 , Saffron-hill , occupied by a general dealer of the name of Short . In the evening they went to the King '» Head , Lsatberlane , where a raffia was to take place . Some words arose there abent the numbers thrown by each with the dice . On reaching home the dispute was renewed between the two men . which eventually ended in a
pugilistic conflict , in the course of which each grasped the other by the throat Words passed to the effect that one-would cboke the other , when the man in custody replied , tbat he would not be choked , upon making use of -wfeich expression , he stabbed bis opponent in the side . He was not released before he received five severe wounds , one in the abdomen , one on each side of the chest , and two others . He was taken soon after by three men to St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital . On Wednesday morning policeman Onslow , G 110 . went to the honsa In Saffron-hill , and entered -the room where the frightful act was perpetrated , the floor of which was
covered with blood . He searched for the prisoner , and at length discovered him on the root of the house , when he was conveyed to the Clerkenwell Stationhouse , in the Bagnigge ^ wells-road . The instrument -with which the -wounds were icfiicted is supposed to have been a clasp-knifa . On inquiry at the hospital it -was ascertained there were scarcely any hopes ef the man ' s recovery . It is also said that there was a little jealousy existing on the part of the man In custody The murderer and the murdered -were partners in Imagemoulding and vendiug ; and the instrument of slaughter was the sharp-pointed knife used to scrape the monld-dosLngs from the figures .
Portrait Of W. P. Eoberts, Esq.
PORTRAIT OF W . P . EOBERTS , ESQ .
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DOINGS OF THE CONFERENCE . Bt the time this reaches the hands of the readers in all probability the labours of this body will have ended : and , if they end as they have begun , they will result in the adoption and promulgation
of a plan of Organization , which will b e safe and effective . The best spirit is manifested j and an aptitude for business , and earnestness of attention to the gre&t object to be accomplished , most cheering to ail who witness it . It is , in itself , a proof of the public mind . There ib no vapour *'; no " loud boas ! ing" ; no acrimony ; no division : bu \ nnion and peace predominates .
We must refer to the "Report of proceedings " for what has been done . The nature of those pro ceedingswill not admit of long description . There are no " speeches " : it is business that the Conference have fairly set themselves to perform . That business the Delegates carefully , and systematically , and thoughtfully , undertake . The result will be exhibited in the rim agreed , upon ; and which plan we will publish in fall next week .
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MR . BAINES'S REMEDY . "OUR LAST AND ONLY RESOTJRCE-THE LAND . " Last week , we entered , at great length , into an examination of " Our preseht position , " both at home and abroad ; more especially as to the relation in which we stand with other states , as a manufacturing nation , in the markets of the world . We then adduced evidence conclusive , that our day of " Monopoly" has gone ! that other nations , and particularly America , have begun to manufacture for themselves % that they have not only closed their home markets against us , but that they have followed us into neutral markets , and successfully competed with U 3 j and that they have even brought their goods into our market , and undersold us at home 1
These facts are pregnant with important consequences . They proclaim , in language impossible to be misunderstood , that our " monopoly" of manufacturing is ended ; that we can no longer " command the markets of the world" j that to hope to ; continue the employment of great masses of our : population in the production of clothing for those ; who have determined to produce clothing for themi selves , is Benseless in the extreme ; and that it is certain , if we would avert ibbetristable bub » , we must give a new direction to national energy , so as to enable us to produce enough of the first necessaries of life for ourselves , taking care so to distribute them , that each one shall have his fair and legitimate share .
R » bebt Hyde Greg has most conclusively shewn that America 13 certain to become the seat of the u great balk" of the covton manufacture . This he establishes from Atfa indisputable . He shows , that
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with inferior machinery , she is now even able to produce for Bd ., with a profit to the manufacturer , what we cannot produce for loss than 9 * d . or 9 £ d , without profit at all ! He shows that she has already taken from us the great bulk" of the China market ; and that she . must take from us all the other markets which have hitherto had to depend exclusively upon us for their supply . Nay , he Bhews , that , now that we hare determined to throw our machine market open to the world ; . now , that we have invited every nation to become possessed of the means to successfully compete with ub ; now , that we have generously given np the one sole only-remaining advantage we bad ; Mr . Gkeo shows , that now that we have done this , " America will supply England with the great bulk 0 / her collon fabrics "; and that " the cotton
MANUFACTURE MUST FINALLY BEST WITH THEM . " Noivthis is no light question . The " cotton manufacture" is a most tremendous item in tho general account of our manufactures . There is an immense amount of capital involved in it ; and hundreds of thousands of our population are daily dependent en it for the means of existence . It is therefore of moment-to us to look this question fully in the face ; and be prepared in lime to meet the difficulty , before we are overwhelmed in the RUIN which it will bring in its train .
The Morning Chronicle has shewn that not only are the Americans becoming formidable rivals to us in manufactures , but that " all the great stateB of the Continent of Europe arc erecting for themselves , respectively , a manufacturing interest , that threatens ere losgto render them completely independent of our skill and industry . " That "the stateB of the Northern Continent are also lessening their dependence upon us , by extending their manufactures , and hampering our trade with increasing prohibitions . " That " our fast waning treaty with Brazil is giving
ominous warning of the precarious position ia which stauda our fraffio with the South . " That" from the Guadalquiver to the Nova we are met by one unbroken line of hostile tariffa . " That * ' what the Milan and Berlin decrees were unable to effect , is iiovr accomplished by the spinning jennies of Germany . " That ** our extensive woollen trade with Russia is all but annihilated . " That " England , at one timej furnished Russia with her cottons ; but that Russia now manufactures for her own necessities . " And that " every thing' bids fair to be soon the next thing to a commercial non-intercourse . " !! !
These positions of tho Morning Chronicle , we strengthened by other evidence , showing that during ihe present year America has exported to China 15 , 000 , 000 yards of cotton goods ; while we , the GREAT cotton manufacturers , have only exported 12 , 000 , 000 i the American excess over us being onefourth 0 ! our entire trade in that particular I And it is now our intention to supply other and more conclusive evidence in support of the same positions * Before we enter into particulars , we must first
premise that America has not confined her attention to the Cotton Manufacture . She has entered the lists of competition with us in other Manufactures . She produces wool ; and she manufactures woollen goods . She produces iron ; and she manufactures cutlery . She propagates the silk-worm ; and she manufactures silk . She cultivates flax ; and she manufactures linen . She is therefore rendering herself independent of us in all of these branches of our Manufactures !
The consequence is , tbat America is regularly ceasing to tako goods from us . She is supplying her own necessities ia many cases ; and in others she is following us over the world , and driving us even out of outotcn home market ! That this is the case will bo proved by the following return , lately laid before Parliament , on the motion of Mr . THO »« Ki . E-y , which shews an alarm ing decline , not confined to a few , but extending to all , articles of export , with the single exception of tin and tinned plates . The gross amount of exports to AmeHca in 1842 was lkss by more than one-half of the average annual exports of the nine preceding years ! !
Here is the proof . The average yearly exports from 1833 to 1841 , both years inclusive , were £ 7 , 800 , 000 ; while those for 1842 were not more than £ 3 , 528 , 807 . So that here is more than one-halj of " our Foreign Trade" to the best market we had entirely gone . ' The following shews the total exports of British produce to the United States , in five successive years : — 1838 £ 7585 "CO 1839 8 . 839 . 204 1840 5 : 283 , 020 1641 7 . 098 . 642 18 i 2 6 , 528 M 7
Is it possible for fact to be more clearly Btated Well might the Chronicle exclaim , " our hold upon America seems daily relaxing" ! When we examine the details of the above gross return , we find that every branch of our commerce with the United States has declined ; and the falling-off has been proportionately greatest in those of most importance . To show this we shall give
the particulars of exports , for five years , of the chief articles of British manufacture . The exports of cotton manufactures , including cotton yarn , were as follow : — 1838 jE 1 , 476 , 2 R 7 1839 1 , 467 082 1840 1 , 123 . 439 1841 .-., 1 , 515 933 1842 487 , 276 Thus the exports of 1842 were little more than one-fourth of the value of those of 1841 . The exports of other articles stand thus : — HARDWARES AND CUTLERY . 1838 £ 561 , 704 1839 849 , 640 1840 . -. 334 , 065 1841 584 . 400 1842 ~ 298 , 881 ttOy AND STEEL , WROUGHT AND UNWBOUGHT . 1838 £ 634 , 395 1839 801 . 1 S 8 1840 355 , 534 1841 626 , 532 1842 394 , 854 LINEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING LINEN YARNS . 1838 — £ 944 , 589 183 9 1 . -268 . 8-23 1840 976 , 247 1841 1 , 232 , 247 1842 463 , 645 SILK MANCFACTURES . 1838 £ 348 506 1839 410 , 093 3840 274 , 159 1841 306 . . 757 1842 81 , 243 WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING WOOLLEN TARN . 1838 £ 1 , 887 . 177 1839 2 , 178 . 645 1840 1 , 077 828 1841 ] , 549526 1842 892 , 335 Is not there food for thought there ? Look at the
details . See how the entire is affected . Hardwares and cuilery in 1842 little more than onefourth the amount of 183 ° . Iron and steel in 1842 about one-half the amount of 3838 . Linen manufactures in 1842 about one-third the amount of 1839 . Silk manufactures in 1842 aboat one fifth the amount of 1835 ; and woollen manufactures about onethird ! Is not " our hold npon America daily relaxing ' ?
The imports from the United States into this country show a very different result The import of bark has increased between 1833 and 2842 , from 18 , 459 ewte to 27 , 648 cwta . ; that of salted beef from 899 cwt * to 7 , 02 # cwts . ; that of butter froni 1 cwt . to 3 , 769 cwts . ; tbat of cbesse fiom 9 cwlB . toll , 097 . ; that of wheat from notbtng to 16 . 111 quarters ; that of wheaten flour from 35 . 659 cwts . to 381 . 066 cwtfl ; that of bams from
72 cwts . to 1 , 133 cwta . ; that of lard from nothing to 28 , 555 ewts . ; that of pork from 1 , 352 cwts . to 13 , 408 cwts . ; that of rice from 24 , 114 quarters to 40 , 450 quarters ; that of elover seed from 350 cwta . to 22 , 632 cwta . that of tobacco from 20 , 748 317 lbs . to 38 , 618 , 012 lbs .: that of cotton wool from 237 , 506 , 758 lbs . to 414 , 030 , 779 lbs . ; that of turpentine from 322 , 486 cwts . bo 408 , 330 cwts . ; and that of aheep ' a wool from 384 , 678 lbs . to 561 , 058 lbs .
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The " balance of trade" is turning against this country in a manner which makes it doubtful whether we shall not have to pay for the raw cotton we need from America in specie instead of goods . Then of what advantage to us will our " foreign trade" be % Manufactures , then , are failing . Nay , the Chronicle , the organ of the Great manufacturers , admit that they have failed . To dream , therefore , of confining our attention to them almost exclusively , as a means of employment for our population , is madness indeed .
What is to be done % The evil is certainly coming upon us : how is it to be averted ? How is employment , remunerative employment , to be found ? Are we to be bound fast , band and foot , to the spinning wheel , to the loom and the jenny , and be compelled to run a losing race on the course of free competition , with those who are becoming independe nt of us , and who therefore snap their fingers at us ? Are there no other means of employment ! Is there no hemedv for the great evils we at present endure , and for the greater with which we are threatened ? Or are we doomed to " National Extinction from distress and ruin" ?
God be praised , there ie still a way out ! That way Mr . Baiwes , of the LeedsMercury , has distinctly chalked out . He has anticipated this day : and he has prescribed a beMedy , an unfailing remedy , for the manifold evils we are doomed to experience . In the year 1819 there were loud cries of distress , "The sudden transition from war to peace , " according to some " profound political economists , " brought on bankruptcy , insolvency , dearth of employment , and consequent starvation . It is true that others attributed these effeots to the attempt to resume cash payments with an amount of taxation fixed in a depreciated currency . But no matter what was the cause . That we shall not here inquire into . It is only with tho fact of their existence that we have at : present to do . Tho cows * of their existence , and of their non-existence , we will discuss Eome other time .
In that year , then , great distress prevailed . This induced Mr . Bainf . s , along with Bonse other kind gentlemen of Leeds , to devote their atteation to the matter , with a view of applying an efficient remedy . They were appointed a Committee by the Overseers of tho Poor in Leeds , for tho purpose of—1 . Inquiring into the causes of the increase of Pauperism ; 2 . Whether the existing evil , as to its causes , bo of a complexion merely temporary , and may be supposed soon to right itself ; and 3 . Whether it may not be prudent , in case the causes that induce the evil be permanent , to inquire INTO THE BEST MEANS OP FINDING SOME PRODUCTIVE SOTJBCE OF LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED POOR .
As such Committee , they deeply investigated tbe whole question . They laboured well and hardly . They sought for information from all sources ; and they ultimately reported , that " the soil , the earth , is our last , our only resource" ! That Report is now more valuable than ever . The causes of the distress then existing have been found to be permanent ia their nature . They still exist ; they are siill unremoved ; and tho " distress " is greater , and more widely extended . The remedy , therefore , is more greatly needed . Here it is : embodied by Mr . Baines iu the shape of a Report : — We , your committee , have paid all possible attention to the above charge , and now beg leave to report tbe result of our inquiries as far as we have been able to proceed .
Upon tho Brat inquiry , your committee presume that a variety of causes contribute at tbe present moment to the increase of pauperism , a few of which we will enumerate ; and we would add , tbat we shall deem it our duty to confine our . observations to such aa more immediately affect the township of Leeds . ' 1 . The application of machinery , with complete success , in the dressing of woollen cloths , has been the means of displacing a considerable number of hands from the employ by which they have long provided fot themselves and families . 2 . The worsted trade : not long ago the yarns were all spun by band , and are now nearly wholly spun by machinery .
3 . Flax was , not many years ago , spun by women principally , upon the hand-wheel ; but it is now also jvH , or nearly all , spun by machinery ; and very lately tbe dressing of the flax by machinery has arrived at such a state of perfection , as to preclude every hope tbat the displaced men can ever again find employ by the manual labour , which has formerly yielded them subsistence . 4 . The shutting up of the mills occupied In tbe spinning of the flax baa also thrown out of work many young women and children , and some men all of whom tend to augment the common mass of pauperism .
5 : The revulsion from a state of warfare to a state of peace , has thrown a considerable number of men , discharged from the armies , navy , and the militia , upon the parishes , as the manufacturers are unable to afford them employment . 6 , Lastly , We have to conclude with the notice of one circumstance , and which , though not generally observed , yet It indirectly nffdetsus ; economy in tho farming establishments , and thrashing machinery , drift off from hoinu a number of labourers ; and they beiig accustomed to handle the mattocJt and spade , get that employment which might otherwise have been the portion of our owa unemployed poor . Upon a duo consideration of the above causes of the present increase of pauperism , we come—Secondly , To considor their nature and complexion ; and upon this head , the committee are of opinion , —
That a part of the present increase of pauperism , arising from the stagnation of trade , we have every hope , will . In time , be diminished by the inherent energies of commercial enterprise ; but yet those unemployed persons , who have been deprived of subsistence by the other causes before enumerated , seem to us to labour under difficulties more permanent in their nature , and such aa will require tbe adoption of new measures to remove them . Whatever might be the advantage of machinery in its general application to our manufactures , one of its natural
consequences , in the first instance , must be the decrease of LABOUR . Under these impressions your Committee solicited a correspondence with persons of the first respectability for intellect , benevolence , and rank in society ; and by their communications we have in some measure regulated our conclusions . Tbe facts which we daily witness amply convince us that something is indispensably necessary to be done : wero it not for tbis urgent necessity we should be ready to shrink from the difficulties presented—presented on which side soever wo may turn for a remedy . :
Asio manufactures , we CaNNOT get a glimpse of hope respecting them ; for in most parts of tbe empiro the common subject of complaint is—the want of employment for both males and females—for both young , middle-aged , and old persons ; hence the introduction of any other manufacture might shift tbe evil , but would not remove it . We are most particularly indebted to the Right Hon . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , for the distinguished attention that he has been pleased to pay to our communications ; to J . C . Carwen , Egq , M . P ., a name rich in tbe annals of agricultural celebrity , and widely acknowledged as the benevolent and persevering index of rxperimental improvement ; to Robert Owen , Esq ., of New
Lanark , for the very polite offer whieh he has made of paying us a personal visit ; to Mr . Wills , the Honorary Secretary of a Committee that has existed in London for some time , and has held its sittings at the King ' s Head , Poultry , and whose object , npon an extended scald ,: has been precisely similar to our own to Arthur Young , E « q ., for the valuable information conveyed to us through ihe medium of an inquiry into the propriety of applying wastes to the better maintenance and support of the poor , 1801 , 8 vo . From the above sources and others , particularly some hints from Sir Thomas Bernard , and others , in a work entitled Hints for Bettering the Condition of ihe Poor , we are induced to c » me , though with diffidence , to the under-mentioned conclusions .
The Sort—the Earth , is our last , our only resource . Indeed "were we more contiguous to the Sea , we should contemplate in its bosom an inexhaustible source , of subsistence and employ ; but inland as is our local situation , we can see' ho help , no employ , but in the soil . We observe tbat a late act authorise * each parish to take and re-let twenty acres to the poor , for the purpose of finding them employ in their leisure hours .
Now it if evident that the word parish intends townships ; and there ODly wants that alteration suggesting to our County Members to get the needful amendment made early in tbe next session . In the south , parishes are small . In York , they are very small ; but in Leeds , very extensive . In one parish we have nine townships ; asd what would twenty acres do for nine different , populous , individual interests ? We are convinced tbat this only wonts explanation before tbe lsgislatmre ; and we earnestly recommend it .
2 . Tbe next source of relief that we can saggest is the cultivation of Wastes . Domestic Colonization , upon a small scale , we think , should be tried . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , Robert Owen , Esq ., Arthur Young , Esq ., regard it aa the sheet anchor , the only sure , easy , practicable mean of supporting the poor , and thereby reducing the poor ' s rates by enabling ! them to * . uppott themselves . ; .
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The waste for such an experiment should be obtained aa ^ ear to Leeds as possible , and as to the minut ' at of the plans of arrangement and management , those must necessarily devolve upon the guardians of tbe poor , or some committee invested with authority . ! The best informed characters seem to contemplate some experiments upon a large scale , that will reach the seven millions of acres of Waste Lands , and other facilities for overseers to place their unemployed poor in situations where labour may be found , and food raised for support .
But an experiment might , we are inclined to imagine , be made in Leeds , by voluntary subscriptions . We have little doubt , but that there are many ready and willing to do something for the poor ; and who are only waiting for a plan to be exhibited , that promises to be successful and effective . ; Our present ! Poor Laws , though certainly intended to answer a most benevolent and meritorious purpose , have nevertheless one effect that cannot but be deplored- The dependence that a poor man has upon tbe parish for relief , sinks him in his own estimation , nnd paralyses his energies—and having nothing to hope for—nothing in prospect—he attempts nothing . This
deadening effect should be watched at every corner ; as Arthur Young , Esq ., observes—if an object exist , that will induce mdasfcry , frugality , patience , and exertion , we may defy calculation as to tbe effects which will be produced ; and numerous are- the individual instances that might be produced to show how this powerful lever , the hope of reward and possession of something that can be called one ' s own , has set in motion a principle that figures cannot count , and whieh cold calculation would pronounce an impossibility . Feed the poor \ from week to week , and we perpetuate misery —PL ACE THEM IN A CONDITION TO FEED THEMSELVES . lUNDER A DUE STIMULUS , WESHOULD SOON CHANGE ! THE MISERABLE SCENE .
At any other timo but the present we might have been deemed visionary in these speculations ; and indeed , it is sometimes with difficulty that we can believe that the urgency of the circumstances warrant our recommendations . If we be fonnrt acting under impressions unjustified by the aspect of the times , we trust tbe good eense of the Board will correct , curtail , or repress our suggestions . But it again recura onto us , that uncommon times and caBes demand uncommon plans and exertions ; and hence we must solicit the most earnest attention of the gentlemen constituting the Board to the subject of Domestic Colonization . Domestic Colonization keeps ourlpoor at home !
Yuar committee herewith hand you a report from the gentlemen deputed to visit New Lanark—from which it should appear , that some considerable improvement might be attained by the classification of the inmates of the present iPoor-house , and especially by affording to the children a greater portion of useful learning . Also their observations confirm still farther the obvious advantages to be Jerived , hy having recourse to the cultivation of the eartn , for permanent and productive labour . As to the minutto of tbe operations , and aa to the extent that it may be deemed prudent to adhere to any given plan , j we should not feel ourselves warranted in venturing an ( opinion , and especially in this stage of ihe business . Such considerations will naturally devolve upon other persons at a future period : and to such a committee the information procured by the deputation will be foundlof considerable value .
Wo have several documents that would warrant our warm recommendations of spade in lieu of plough husbandry . It must be universally allowed , that the superficies of our fields are far from the climax of improvement of which they are capable—and indeed some examples bight be produced , where the money extra-expended by manual labour , has been more , and much more than repaid , by the abundance of the crops produced . The ] difficulty will be found in persuading farmers to adopt tbis mode of cultivation . However , the appended Lanark Report will be found to- contain some advices upon this head , which we should be extremely glad to see generally or partially adopted .
Lastly—We would earnestly recommend , tbat the subject be laid as soon as convenient before a Vestry Meeting , in order to enlist into the cause , a moderately numerous committee of gentlemen of talent , opulence , energy , and respectability . Now what does the reader think of that ? Is not Mr . Baines ' s remedy a feasible one ! Does not he adduce good and substantial reasons for its adoption 1 Does not he truly describe the nature and operation of machinery , in decreasing human labour , and in throwing the superseded ones upon the poor rates or upon private bounty ! Was not he right ,
when he said that" from manufactures he could not get one glimpse of hope" 1 Manufactures have- alone been tried , as a ^ remedy for the distress then so prevalent ; and the remedy has but augmented the mass of poverty it was to remove . Is not it time that we went to "the earth , our last , our only resource" ? Wo much regret that time and circumstances prevent us from handling this vast important document as we could wish . That , however , we cannot , at the present , compass . Some day or other we will return to it ; meantime we ask for Mr . Baines ' s remedy a most careful examination .
The Northern Star. Saturday, September 9, 1843.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 9 , 1843 .
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THE "BUBBLE- EXPLODED . THE LE ? DS MERCURY CAUGrHT . The Leeds Mercury is sadly tired of his Potatoes He does not like ] the " large" dish of them so continually served upifor him . Whether it be that ho is conscious that he " drew the bow" * ' rayfcher" too far , in detailing the extraordinary produce , or it is the seasoning of the mess that annoys him ; certain it is that he is annoyed , and that he tries hard to detach himself from all connection with the potato " bubble . " i In the Mercury of last Saturday appeared the following article : —!
" The Land Bubble . —In the Northern Star of last Saturday we find fonr columns of words , with about the same number of ideas , to prove that farmers four acres of laud may , by tht ; iskilful management of their farms , realize a profit of £ 300 a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and wages !! . ' and tbe public are reminded that the farmers of Ireland , who are contending for ' fixity of tenure , ' and the : Rebeccaite « of Wales , who complain of the pressure of high rents and high tolls , may obtain these profits , and thereby relieve themselves ftom all thtir difficulties . We would ask the author of these absurdities if there is a farmer in Ireland , or if there is a farmer in Wales , that realizes a tenth part of this sum by four acres of land ,
used for agricultural purposes 1 and if the answer is « No , ' we would then ask ; if such profits are not obtained now , how it happens that not one man of all the sons of Erin ever made this discovery before Mr . Feargua O'Connor ? It is just possible that for garden produce , for which the demand is necessarily very limited , a considerable profit may be occasionally made . We have beard of a profit ofj £ 200 a-year from grapes grown on less than a quarter of an acre of lard , and £ 100 a-year from the growth of . asparagna on still less ground ; . but aa to farm produce , —grass , wheat , oats , barley , and turnips , tbe principal food of man and beast , —all such profits are utterly unattainable , and to cherish such expectations is to encourage a niiachievou * delusion . We
fear tbat not many of the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall or of Messrs . Gott , with all the advantages they enjoy of moderate rents , an unlimited supply of manure , and great facilities for disposing of their produce , will realise a clear profit yearly after tbe rate of £ 75 an acre on their allotments ; and if they fail to make such profits , [ after making the proper allowance for their own labour , what will the milk farmer , or the corn farmer , or the farmer with rotation of crops , say to such a statement ? What would they say to their landlord , if he should tell them tbat Mr . F . O'Cannor , ' barrister and farmer , ' aided by Mr . John Linton , ironfounder and farmer , ' had made the discovery that every ft ur acres of their estate would produce a clear yearly
profit of £ 300 ; and that consequently the land to rent was worth at least £ 60 per acre , and they , the tenants , must pay that sum ? They would say to the landlord what Mr . Burchell said to the fine speeches of Miss Wilbelrniaa Amelia Skeggs and her companion' fudge ! ' and that perhaps is the most suitable answer tbat can be given to all such rhodomantat ' e . We do not dispute tbat Mr . Linton may have produced upon his three roods of land at Selby , by forced cultivation , a great many cabbages , and a great many potatoes , any more than we dispute the experiments of the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury in March last , who wrote upon the comparative yield of various kinds of potatoes—but ! for whose accuracy we never gave any
pledge , as the Northern Star asserts : nor do we dispute that the land of England , Scotland , and Ireland , may be made much more { productive than it is at present by improved drainage , j aided in some cases by spade husbandry ; but we contend that to hold oat auy expectation that a , farm of four acres of land will in general yield a clear profit of £ 360 a year either to the ownei or to the tenant , or to both , is to practise a gross delusion upon tbe public ;; and that any person who may be imposed upon by such representations will find his agricultural speculations as duiusive as would be his political expectations if he thought the country would attain either liberty ) or prosperity from the establishmeat of The Imperial Charter . '"
The Mercury isj bothered . This potato question has puztlad him . He chose to sneer at tho Land question , because it was advocated by the Northern Star ; and the tables were turned so completely upoa him , by the shewing that the statements in . the Star , with respect to the benefits to be derived from the application of labour to " our lust and only bjb-60 CECE—the soil , " [ were sober and cautious , compared with his own . This has bo bothered him , that he now tries to get rid of the difficulties iu which he is involved by sheer misrepresentation aad falsehood .
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He states that the Northern Star has tried " to prove that farmers of fouracres of land may , by the skilful management of their , farms , realise a PROFIT of three hundred pounds a-year , after pating their bents , taxes , and WAGES . "' Now , this is a complete mis-statement of what tbe Northern Star has attempted to " prove . " It is so opposite to fact , aad in the teeth of so much evidence to the contrary
that the Northern Star nevor even dreamed of such , a thing as " three hundred pounds PROFIT , after payment of rents , taxes , and WAGES , " that vro 1 cannot believe the mis-statement to have been accidental , or unwitting . We are compelled to believe that the error is wilful ; and that it is resorted to to down the "land bubble" by the "power of face " alone , seeing that it is impossible to do so by ( he power of argument or fact .
The Northern Star has never yet attempted to " prove" any such outrageous statement as the Mercury attributes to it . So far from our having done this , w « ba * e constantly , repeatedly , and invariably , represented the three hundred pounds as the return for labour ; THE WAGES THEMSELVES ; not the profit after wages were paid ! Ia the very article to which the Mercury affects
to reply , this is set forth in three distinct places . It is expressly stated , three times over , that the only " payments" m&de out of the produce , " are for rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements ; ' * and that the remainder , calculated from data the result of actual practice , is the return for the LABOUR AND CAPITAL EXPENDED . So away goes tho one single " idea" contained ia the whole of tho Mercury ' s " words" !
We repeat , that we cannot consider this mis-statement to have been accidental . We have so guarded ourselves on this point , from all possible misapprehension , and stated tho fact that the estimated produce was not " clear profit , " but WAGES for labour and return for capital , that we cannot imagine any man reading the " words" we have used , —and this the Mercury must have done , or he would not know to such a nicety the exact number of" ideas" contained in them ; we oannot imagine any one reading those » ' words" could for a single moment . think that the
three hundred pounds spoken of were set forth as " clear PrtOFiT . " If there had been the least possibility of doubt on the subject ; if our " words ' had been either ambiguous or mistified ; if they had been liable to have attached to them a double meaning ; if it had been possible to have tortured out of them the "idea" that the three hundred pounds' worth of produce , after " rent , taxes , seed and wear and tear of implements had been paid for , " was " clear profit , " " after WAGES had been
paid ; " if this had been at all possible , we would cheerfully have given the Mercury the benefit of it , and not pressed him hardly on the point . As it is , we are bound to consider his conduct ia placing the matter in the light he has , and in founding his whole strictures upon his false representation , as most disingenuous , and most unfair ; while we consider the necessity that he was under to adopt such a course of action as the only means of replying to our positions , as proof indisputable that those positions cannot be disturbed by / air means .
Who is it , therefore , that has been trying to practice " gross delusion" upon the public ! The Northern Star , who has adduced fact for its inferences , and data for its calculations ; or tho Leeds Mercury , who has had to invent statements , attribute them to if opponent , and then reason upon them , and them alone , to meet arguments founded upon / ac This question we safely leave with the Mercury itself . Of course we shall not follow the Mercury ia detail . Having destroyed the foundation on which he had built , his whole superstructure falls to the ground . It is not worth one single " word . "
Some day or other we shall have a " word" to say about " the tenants of Mr . Jakes G . Marshall and Messrs . Gott . " We thank the Mercury for the opportunity . It shall not be lost or missed . We will have " a crack" with him on that subject some day , and tell him some queer facts . In conclusion , we must desire the Mercury to meet us fairly . We must desire him to meet our fads . We must desire him to refrain from wilful misrepresentation of statement or argument . We must desire him to be ingenuous and honest . Let him meet us in this spirit , and in this manner ,
and we will tussle the matter with him . We will deal with him and his arguments fauly . We have hitherto done so . We have given him every advantage . We have invariably allowed him to state his own case . Every " word" tbat he has said on fcha question has been inserted in the Northern Star . We do not ask him to insert our " columns of words " in return ; but we do ask him not to attribute false statements to us , and reason upon them as though they were ours . We ask him not to tax his powers of invention for this purpose ; bat to meet the argument fairly .
And this he must do . He cannot now recede . He has admitted , by his deeming it necessary to devote a leading article to the exposure of what he calls our " mischievous delusion , " that the qaestion is one of interest . He cannot now forsake it . After this public charge of wilfully attributing to us what he must have known we never sot forth , he must set himsel right . He must explain how it happens that misrepresentation alone is combatted in his article ; and he must then address himself to the real question .
If he do not do this , we shall be entitled to consider his silence as an acquiesence ia the justice of oar charge , and as a full acknowledgment that oar facts and arguments are unimpeachable . To this dilemma we fix him . No affected contempt for mere " words" will now serve him . He has not hitherto evinced contempt . Now , to affect to do so will be damning . We shall look for , and fully expect , his explanation , and his reply to our " facts and figure ? . "
WORK OF THE SESSION . We and our contemporaries have reviewed the Ministerial work of the past Session , according to our several political peculiarities , but more with reference to the disappointment created at home , than with reference to its effect abroad . If the Tory Ministry has succeeded in dissatisfying all parties at home , it has been abundantly successful in causing the foreign enemies of Britain to rejoice and be glad . So long indeed as the acknowledged distress of the working classes was likely to be con * fii . ei within the narrow limits of our domestic
policy , " so long was that distress matter of unimportance to the ennning monarch who wields the French sceptre . But the moment it was revealed that the aid of the Chelsea Pensioners might be required to keep the cry of hunger in subjection , while her Majesty and her Miaisters were revelling in enjoyment during the recess , did Loins Philippb discover that the heretofore subsidizing England must henceforth , ia consequence of her ruined Exchequer , rely upon the physical force of foreign nations to suppress the growing discontent arising out of domestic misrule .
Turn-about is fair-play , says the English Minister to the King of the Barricades : we have exhausted our resources for the purpose of upholding yo « title to the throne of France , and now , according to all the rules of good faith and ** reciprocity , " we have a claim upon you to uphold our ascendancy a ' home . True , Mr . Pin and the statesmen of his day were actuated by a double motive in patting down the French Revolution ; firstly , by their
duty to kings generally ; and secondly , lest the example set in France should be followed by the English people ; and if tho interests of France and England were so inseparably united in 1792 , as to justify the expenditure of so much English blood and ^ English money not yet made , the same reasoning , with a mere change of circumstanoesi wosld hold good in 1843 : that is , if tho rage for Republicanism in France ia 1792 jastified the English minister of that day ia expeudinK the country ' s
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A THE NOETHERN STAR .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1229/page/4/
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