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THE JSFOHTHEKtf STAE SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1843.
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C&artjtflrt 3&nieXU&ence*
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Science anlr $Lvt,
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I&ty CoRfeftf ^o&ment.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Jsfohthektf Stae Saturday, December 2, 1843.
THE JSFOHTHEKtf STAE SATURDAY , DECEMBER 2 , 1843 .
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PRIESTCRAFT . CHRISTIAN AKD INPIDEL BLASPHEMERSPATEBSON AND KALLEY . Hating closed our last week ' s article on the gobject of the l&te trials ai Edinburgh ,, -frith an intimation that we would " pause for a reply" to certain queries addressed by ns to Johs Hope , alias £ he Lobd Justice Clbbk ; and having' up to this time paused in vain ; -sva now resume our reflections upon the proceedings of the worthies whos&t to administer the law , " and © f the conduct of those Trho , behind th « scenes , polled the strings of the -puppet called "Justice , " to gratify their malignant and disensting bigotry .
Again we ask , where is the consistency of Protestant divines and Protestant laymen , who , with all their pretended leve for religious liberty , Bland ^ uiesly by and permit the anlboritieg of Edinburgh to incarcerate honest men in a dungeon without one Yrord of remonstrance , simply , for exercising the " right of private judgment ? which right these Protestants pretend to advocate ? We hear abont ihe intolerance of the Catholics in the palmy days of their power , when Priestcraft hung like s , mighty Inenbu 3 on the mental energies of man ; and often hare our feelings been lacerated by the recital of
ihe dreadful deeds of the holt ikqcisiuqSj" and ihe horrid butcheries of the aulo-de-faes : —but the eeds of modern Protestant religionists show that the same spirit still lurks in their narrow hearts , sad is only prevented re-enacting the horrors of the past by tkaJ curb to snperslifcion and fanaticism , — xxo'bxbixjs . How inconsistent is man ! Only a few weeks ago the very persecutors of Patbrsos were denouncing in the fiercest language the " persecution" of one of their own stamp * Dr . Kallet , and invoking the aid of the Government to rescue the Doctor and demand satisfaction of the Portuguese
Government for his arrest aad detention in confinement . Paixbso : ? and Hobisson are punished / or * "BIa ; paeiny / ' \ jt . fbr opposing the religion of the State ; but this is just what Dr . Kailet had done . If it be just to punish the former , it must be equally just to punish the latter . Be it remembered that an " infidel" is a xirr , andhas the same right to express the convictions of his mind as Dr . Kallet or any other member of society . ** If I believeta not as thon belieretb , it is & proof that thon believeth not 3 ks I believeth .: and where is the earthly power that can decideletween us !**
Eat what has been the treatment of Dr . Kallby , about whom such an out-cry has been made 1 and what is likely to be the treatment of the Edinburgh " Infidels" ? In reply to the former we give the following extract from a latter dated Madeira , October 2 nd , 1843 : — *• Dr . Xslley remains in prison ; but it is understood that tbe British government have imerfersd , and that be -will soon be liberated ob bail There is no doubt that the proceedings against Urn are both technically and constitutionally illegal , and evidence is wholly ¦ wanting to substantiate ^ he charges of blasphemy ; &c .
"Which they have hrong&t against bim . His imprisonment took place during the absence of the superior judge at Lisbon , -whose former deacons were reversed ij bis locum imax , an inferior officer ! The proceedings against his converts are founded on a certain ' Bulla do Cea / fulminated by Clement the Pirst | I think ) , bnfc "srhleh was nullified in the Portuguese dominions in the last century ; and it was enacted at the time , that any ene persecuticg another under this Bull should he visited w . th the royal displeasure , endure confiscation o ! all his property , losa of naturalisation , &c So hwHtDy tired are they of the false position in which they have placed themselves , that it has been intimated
to Dr . KaHey that he map'leave Ihe prison when he peases : but like Ihe apostle , he declines to do this except in a ' publie form . In the mean time , ihe cause is much advanced People are convinced that that must be good / or which he is content io suffer . Curiosity is excited . 16 . 000 tracts have beea distributed . There is not a Testament to be had fo * love or money ; ana the people flock lo the gaol from eight in the morning till nine at night , and are ad-Tniiitdby threes to see him . Me reads , prays , and sings vith alj ; so that actually Tieis working harder than ever . Xb Has EXCEllEST booxs , which the Camaii voted him- 3 LRS . KjXLEY . XITES WITH BIM . HIS MOTHKB a > t > sisteb ass THEBB aix DAT . He has bis Botica { stock of medicines ) , and sees his patients , tc . 4 c "
It was stated in the Edinburgh Courant that Pjtkrsox and Bobiksos had had their heads shaved , and been set to stone-breaking . This has ieen denied by the Caledonian Mercury ; and we have since seen a statement that they have been removed to the Penitentiary at Perth . One thing is Cirtain , that the degradation of the . prison dress , and all the barbarities of " prison discipline" has been , and will he inflicted upon them .
Compare this with the treatment of Dr . Ballet , to whom It has been intimated " that he may leave ihe prison when he pleases I" Think of " the people hsing admitted io ihe gaol io him ? with whom he is allowed to " read , pray , and sing , •* so that he is irorking harder than ever "—at his Blasphest ! Think of Paieesos applying to be allowed to have the people of Edinburgh or Perth admitted to him , B from eight in the morning till nine at night / ' that be might instruct them in his views 1 And think what long faces all the " saints" would pull , at such an * impndent" and " diabolical" application 1 ! Dr . Kaixbt is by trade a doctor of physic , and
ia allowed by his " persecutors to have his stock of medicines with him , and see Ms patients : in short , is aJhited to turn the' gaol vato a doctor ' s shop . ' Think of Patebsos and Eobissos applying to be allowed to have their stock of mental medicines in the gaol J be allowed to see their " patientB , " and turn an honest penny by the Bale of their wares 13 ! Ah ! they may apply , bnt ihey already know the answer . u Jcan tell you " Bays Johs Hops , " that you have not the least chance for getting any rehef . " ! Think of Dr . Kaixet being allowed M excellent sooms / ' that u Mrs . Ka ££ E 7 UTES TTIIH Hm" —and ihal " hi 5 hothsb
-LSD SISTBB ABB VrlZH HIM ALL DAY } " and think upon the compassionate , HERcrnrL , PRAYING Jndge ' s sentence upon Pateksox , which forcibly reminds 03 of that of Tbesilias upon John Ball : — " Whereas yen are accused before xa . Of siiiliruj np the people to rebellion , And preaching to Oiemslraxge and danfforoas doctrines ; And iiihereas your behaviotirio the Court Mas teen most insolent and contumacious :
* * 1 condemn you ! To death i you shall be hanged by the neck , - 3 nt not t 5 H yon are dead—your bowels opened—Your heart torn out , and burnt before your face—Tout traitorous head be severed from your body—Tour body quartered , and exposed upon Ihe city gates—a terrible example i And the Lord Sod tone mercy m your soul " . ' i ! . SOUTHET
We notice a paragraph in the columns of a local contemporary in whieh the writer complains most bitterly that / the authorities of Madeira are seizing Protestant versidns of the Old and New Testament , -with a -new to extirpate" the " heresies and blasphemies" propagated "by Dr . Kallet with the help of these works 1 But where was our contemporary ' s ioly indignation when like seizures were made , not some thousands of miles away in Madeira , but only some two or three hundred from Leeds—in the City
of Edinburgh ! Oar contemporary will perhap 3 say that the books seized in Edinburgh were blasphemous , " thafs matter of opinion . The Priests of Madeira hold that the Protestant version of the Bible i 3 "blasphemouB , " and that they-were "doing God service" in seizing and destroying sneh " dangerous and pernicious books . " "Abjhni that ' s priestcraft . * Judge of menby thei ? deeds ; and we shall find that 'tis the self-same " craft" and spirit manifested in Hu 3 country , as in Madeiraj when books are seized and men cast into prison .
Forget mot , too , that Patebsqk is dad in a felon ' s dress ; condemned to live upon the coarsest o ? food ; exposed to sold ; a miserable cell , and bed of straw , hj my of hnngmg him to a " penitent' ^ " g ^ ie j Thai his is compelled to herd with ^ refuse of society , and « xposed to the insults ay J ( j brutalities of B jilfey dungeon TSlaiasf and ihe u yasb . if ye can ,
ye priestly oppressors , and r ^ or ^ s ^ j ^ betrayers of ilia principles of Civil and Re ' jjgjpaa liberty" J We direct the attention ef onr readers to the resolutions and petition adf pted at a Public Meeting ai Edinburgh , in connsp Soa -with Bobiitsoi ? and
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Patkrsok's cases . "W © would recommend that similar meetings ba holden throughout the country . There is a pressing necessity that this should be done . Wb hear of a new-hatched combination just cracking its shell , got ap for the purpose of " preventing the circulation of blasphemous publications by public legal prosecutions . " The parties getting up this * ' new more , " style themBelvSB The friends of tJie Church and of social order . " We hear , too , that included in this list of friends w of social order " are a number of " Dissenters , " Civil and Religious Liberty" men ! and that certain " weighty individuals" ia the West-Riding of Yorkshire are amongBt this band of ( would-be ) ** Holy Inquisitors . " At such a time then it behoves the friends
of " free thought" to be np and stirring , and everywhere oppose , by all moral means at their disposal , any increase of priestly power , or revival of priestly persecution . Blind and bigotted most these men be , or they would see , that , as in the case of Dr . Kallt , their efforts to put down" must greatly accelerate the progress of the opinions against which they have drawn the sword of the law , The persecution of Dr . Kaixet has , we are told greatly increased the number of his converts and rendered him a
formidable opponent to the Popish Priests of Madiera . Well , what guarantee have the persecutors of Patebson that like causes frill not pToduce like effects ! What surety have they that people will not be convinced " that that must be good for which men are content to suffer" 1 Let them dungeon ! They might as well try , like Dame Partikgton , to mop up the Atlantic , as hope by such means to stop the progress of free inquirv !
u How slowly has Teason extended her empire in Europe ! And why ? Because she has been persecuted in every step of her progress . The priesthood of every denomination have , from the first , leagued with Kings and Nobles to prevent her triumph . Every means has been resorted to , to keep tbe people in darkness : mystery in politics ; mystery in religion , and common Bense kept at a distance-Reason has been given to man to enable him to distinguish truth from error j but the spread of truth is never permitted , so long as it is in the power of the clergy to prevent it . " Words most true ! the
proofs , alas ! absund on every side . See in Fhahcb , while KisgckaFT re-erects , not one , but a multitude of Bastiles , to preserve itself from the assaults of democracy , Pbiesicrist is at the same time employing all its energies to reoover its ancient power , and again trample on the minds of mankind . Behold the wretched state of Spain , where the priests are once more in tbe ascendant , and liberty has again succumbed with the downfall of Barcelona- And then < aot to pursue the subject further at present ) tnrn to Italt again "lost and won , " writhing in blood and chains
at the feet of a " Cowl'd and hypocrital monk . Who prays , curscfl , and deceives . " We had thought that Napoleok had trampled for ever out of existence thai hellish monster " the Iniqulsition" ; but it wonld appear from an article which will be found in another column , beaded , " Catholic Persecution of ihe Jews , ' * that we have been mistaken in that supposition . The appearance of such a document as the * Edict" of the M Inquisitor-General" of Ancona , tells badly at the present moment , when Mr . O'Cojwell is daily vaunting of
the tolerance and liberality of the Catholic Chorea ) At a late meeting of the Repeal Association , Mr . O'CoraELL suggested " that the words of Edmdnd Bcbke , which the Banner of Ulster had selected for its mottOjShould be adopted by the Association : "That teligisn is the basis of civil society and the source of all good and comfort . " This proposition , like everything else proposed by the " Liberator" ( . ?) , was , of course , received without objection , and adopted as "the motto of the Association . " The words , as stated above , are tboEe of Ebmdud Btjbke , the pentioned tool of the Aristocracy , who showed his ideas of * religion" by his political apostacy to maintain and preserve the Throne and the Altar . The
Banner of Ulster is ( we believe ) a red-hot Covenanting , Cromwellian , Presbyterian paper ; hence its idea 3 of " religion" are notTery likely to be in accordance with those of Daniel O'Conhell , the favourite son and hope of the Homish faith , for whose safety we are told maw is performed , and prayers offered up , every day in the Vatican , by expre 33 orders of the Pope . " Religion" may be " the source of afl good and comfort j" butwbere i in thi 3 " wicked" world are we to find it ? We shall not have far to go to find cant ; but where shall we seek for " Religion" ! Shall we go to Edinburgh , among Joh * Hope and his crew ! Or shall T » e go to Dublin , where tbe motto is adopted ? If so , we shall find
that Trash Gbegg and his associates say that the Dublin Rotunda religion is the only correct one ; "the only source of all good and comfort f and the only one fit to be " tbe basis of civil society" ! The Dublin Protestants denounce the religion of Daniel O'Consell as being "idolatrous " and"damnable ;" while he considers that religion to be the only true one , and Gregg ' s and Co . to be the very opposite . to Who ' s to decide , when doctors < Iisagr . ee V We
don'i know that any of our friends are in want of mottoes with which to decorate their Halls : but if they should , and would like anything on this question ; then , instead of tbe one above , we would re . spectfnUy suggest the following : taken , not from one of Paxebson ' s "blasphemous" publications ; not from any " infidel" book ; but from a very " respectable" work , reviewed in oar last— " Hewitt ' s History of Priestcraft . "
" We have seen nations Sitting in ihe region of darkness , because their PRIESTS shut vp knoui ' ledge , in their selfishness 1 . " We have seen slavery and ignorance blasting , UNDEB THE GUIDANCE OP PRIESTLY HANDS , millions iipon millions of our race , and making melancholy the fairest portions of the earth ! " We have listened to sighs and the dropping of tears ; to the voice of despair and the agonies of torture and death ; ice have entered dungeons , and found captives wasted to skeletons with the years of their solitary endurance ; we have listened to their faint whispers , and have found that they uttered the caraLTiBs of PRIESTS !
" We have stumbled uponjnidnight tribunals , and seen men stretched upon racks ; torn piecemeal with fiery pincers ; or plunged into endless darkness by the lancing ef their eyes . And upon asking whose ACTIONS THESE WERB—WE WEBB ASS VTZZED—* THE PRIESTS' ! . ' " We have visited philosophers , and found them carefully concealing their discoveries , which would suddenly have filled the earth with light , and power , and love , because thet knew the PRIESTS would TURN ON THEM IN THEIR GBEEDY MALICE , AND DOOM THEM TO THB FIRE OR THE GIBBET !
" We have walked among women of many coun ~ tries , and have found thousands lost io shame , rolling wanton eyes , and uttering hideous words . We have turned from them with loathing , but have heard them cry after us , as we went— Oxjb hops is in tss PRIESTS—THEY ARE OUB L 0 VB 3 S , AND DEFENDERS 7 B 0 M ETERNAL FIRE' i " We have entered the abodes of domestic love , and have stood petrified iofind even there all desecratedptirit y destroyed—faith overthrown—happiness annihilated ; AKD IT WAS THE WORK OF PRIESTS !
M Finally , we have seen kings otherwise merciful , WSTIGX TSD BY THE DEVILISH LOGIC OF PBIBSTCBAFT , BECOME THE BUTCHJEES 01 THEUt PEOPLE ; Queens , otherwise glorious , becohb tyrants and executionebs ; and people , xclio would otherwise have Hved in blessed harmony , wx&zmG onsach otheb WITH INEXTINGUISHABLE HALICE AND BOUKDLESS BLOODTHIBSTIiraSS J AND BEHOLD ! IT WAS
PRIESTCRAFT , THAT , WINDING AMONGST THEM LIKE A POIS 0 N 0 U 3 SERPENT , MADDENED THEM WITH ITS BREATH AND EXULTED WITH FIENDISH BYES , OVEB TB 2 IB HOBBIBLK CABNAGE 1 "
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Oar " motto" is somewhat lengthy ; but it is the " Worid" of Priestcraft M at one view , " proclaiming in the imperishable words of truth and eloquence , the s » rt of " good" and " comfort , " the frauds under the name of" religion" have inflicted on civil society- " Bat , " A brighter morn awaits the human day - ' " The time is coming when the human race will look back with horror upon the madness , delusion , and slavery of past and present times ? when tyrants and priests will be known no more , —forgotten in oblivionju | w' remembered only to be execrated ; and— WS *' . ?« ltaehooa a trade , Shall be as tpefal and unprofitable , As that of truth ia now V
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GALVANIC EXPERIMENTS ON THE HUMAN SUBJECT . We copy the following very interesting particulars from Mr . William Sturgeon's Course of Elementary Lectures on Galvanism , " lately published ;—The first experiments tbat were made on tbe human subject were by Creve , who operated upon an amputated leg , which exhibited similar phenomena to those produced in the detached limbs of other animals . At Turin , many experiments were made upon tbe bodies of decapitated criminals , by Vassal ! , Endi , Gialfo , and Rossi . Other similar experiments were subsequently performed by Aldini , both in Italy , Franca , and in LeDdon . Hbo * s st tbe latter pJsce were made on tbe body of a criminal , who was hung at Newgate . The phenomena exhibited by a galvanised dead man , though
not differing in character from those shown by other large animals , are much more calculated to exercise an iDftnence orer the minds of the spectators . And , although the physiologist ' s anxiouB researches stimulate him to make every effort to realize his hopes of resuscitating the subject of his experiment , and lead bim calmly to a variety of modes of operating on tbe body , it is by no means surprising that tbe most horrid ideas should be awakened in tbe imaginations , and impressions of fear be produced in the minds , of those who , for the ftrstltime , witness the extraordinary phenomena ; amongst which we behold forcible and unnatural actions of tbe limbs , powerful and convulsive movements amongst the masclea of the face , with distended wildly rolling eyes ; which , combined with the most ghastly grins and
distortions of the mouth , present a spectacle of the most frightful description . The results of a series of galvanib experiments , performed on the body of Clydesdale , who was executed at Glasgow for murder , led the medical gentlemen present to infer , that , if certain precautions had been taken , resuscitation would have been accomplished , although the body had been suspended the usnal period at the gallows , and much timo afterwards occupied in preparatory arrangements for the galvanic procesa . "An incision was made into then&pa of the neck , close below the occiput . The posterior half of the atlas vertebra was then removed by bone forceps , when the spinal marrow was Drought into view . A profuse flow of liquid blood gushed from the wound , inundating tbe floor . " These and several other unnecessary wounds were made in various parts of the aubjleot ,
-which rendered resuscitation impossible , with -whatever judgment the galvanic stimulus had been subsequently applied . But , notwithstanding the severe laceration of the spinal marrow , and almost total evacuation of blood from the body , even half an hour subsequently , a most interesting effect was produced . When one of the conducting wires was placed in an incision under the cartilage of the seventh rib , and tbe other applied to the phrenic nerve laid bare in the neck , having one of the conductors In permanent connection with the battery , and the other run over tbe tops of tbe plates , in the manner already explained , " full , nay , laborious breathing instantly commenced . The cheat heaved and . fell ; tbe belly wa 3 protruded , and again collapsed , with the relaxing and retiring diaphragm ;' * which was continued , uninterruptedly , during the whole time this galvanlo process was carried on .
Tbe most successful galvanic experiments on the human subject were made on tbe body of John White , who was executed for murder , at Louisville , United States . Toe neck was not broken , and the body warm , and even trembling , having hung only abaut twentyfive minutes . " The poles of a powerful galvanic pile , prepared for the occasion , were immediately applied to him . He suddenly arose from his bench to a sitting posture . He Boon afterwards rose upon his feet , opened his eyes , and gave a terrific screech . His chest -werked aa if in respiration . One of the surgeons exclaimed , to the mute spectators , that be was alive . Whilst thus standing , another galvanic discharge was administered , when White , with a sudden bound , disengaged himself from the wires , and jumped to a corner of the room .
Some abort time afterwards , he frequently opened his eyes , and his breathing became so regular , tbat the doctors began to speak to him , but he heard not a word ; nevertheless , by the assistance of a yonng medical student , who took hold of his arm , he arose , took a few steps on the fl&or , and seated himself in an armchair . He appeared overcome with , the exertion thus made , but was revived by hartshorn applied to tbe nose . He looked like a man much intoxicated . Me seemed to try to give utterance to some feelings , but he could not speak a word . Though now perfectly resuscitated , and every method resorted to for the purpose of equalising the circulation , and save the patient , congestion on tbe brain , which increased with rapidity , shortly afterwards terminated hli existence . " - } -
Tbe phenomena developed in these two cases are of the highest importance in medical science ; for , notwithstanding the want of success in resuscitating Clydesdale , and the eventual loss of White , there appear sufficient reasons for supposing , tbat both events were the natural consequences of the circumstances connected with the cases . In the former case , resuscitation was impossible , foi reasons already alluded to : and the fatal congestion which terminated the existence of White was referable to the violence of strangulation , and not easily traced to any other cause , excepting , however , the possibility of the galvanic discharges being teo powerful ; and injudiciously directed . A powerful battery is never required for any medical purpose whatever , and may , by an injudicious application of its force , be the means of very serious consequences ; whilst a battery of moderate power and properly employed , in
similar cases , would be productive of the happiest effects . The battery employed on the body of Clydesdale , which consisted ef 270 ' pairs of four-inch plates , brought into intense action by a solution of oitro-suiphuric acid , was far too powerful for tbe purposes of thiB kind . I have already shown , that a few powerful discharges , or a continuous current of a few seconds ' dnration , hasten the extinction of vitality in those animals whose natural functions have been intentionally prostrated and laid dormant , for the purpose of experiment ; and although a battery of fifty pairs , which would produce this effect on a rabbit , but not on a muscular man , that which was employed in the experiments on Clydesdale would be capable of subduing tbe vital energies , which remain alter strangulation , eveu of an individual "whose physical developments of organism were Of the highest Older in nature .
The tumefaction and lividity of the face , produced by the strangulation at the gallows , enforce a strong probability that in no case of that kind would the functions of life be recalled into a natural state of activity , by tbe galvanic influence . ReBusicitation might be accomplished , as in the cose of White , but for want of a natnral distribution of the blood , and the injuries inflicted on its vessels , directly and indirectly by the tope , might prevent tbat promptitude and balance ot circulation esseitial to tbe propagation of life , and all the evils consequent thereon would have to be apprehended .
The chances of success would be very different in those cases of asphyxia , occasioned by the inhaling of noxious gases , drowning , syncope , &c , in which no put of the system is deranged nor injured by violence ; and the phenomena developed during the operations on Clydesdale and White are promising indications of the most happy results being obtainable where the circumstances are of a more favourable description . A few moderate galvanic discharges , well directed , obliquely through tbe chest , from the neck on one side , to below tbe ribs on tbe other , would diffuse their influence through the principal ergans of life . By these means the respiratory organs might be expected to resume their natural fsuctions , and the movements of the heart renew their natural impulses to tbe blood ,
which , in these cases , would not have to encounter those difficulties of circulation arising from congestion and injuries in the sasgoiferous channels—tbe probable consequences of the rope . Running one of the connecting wires over tbe topa of the galvanic plates would be the best mode of operating for bringing the lungs into play , and a battery of one hundred three-inch plates would be sufficiently powerfnl to produce tbe necessary motions of the chest ; and even that extent of galvanic power should not be continued if it was found that by a less power these motions could be maintained . Ab Boon as the lungs would play independently of the galvanic excitation , the battery action ought to be discontinued , and tbe usual restoratives gradually and cantiouBly administered . — Honcfictter Guardian .
AM ENGLISH AB . T Acadsmy at Rome . —A letter from Some , in the Morning Pott , mentions , that" an event is on the iapit which causes much satisfaction amongst the English artirts here . The English students have hitherto been unable to follow their professional avocations without many disadvantages , as the institutes here hava not afforded them facilities to carry out their artiBtio pursuits , not from asy want of comtesy , but from actual -wast of space and accommodation . The British Minister resident at Naples . Sir George Hamilton , has opened a subscription among tb « English nobility Baa ottusn retorting to the Italian States ; and the fund already amount * to near three thousand pounds with which it ia intended to erect aa academy , in which all English student * will be enabled to progrecs with their studies throughout the year , and not to be compelled to remain inactive for months , without access to the public collections . Tbe establishment is to contain all that is necessary for their use , also a large * TJre ' s Chemical Dictionary . Annals of Electricity , voL vii .
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and magnificent collection of casts from the antique and the chief works of the most celebrated modern sculptors , 4 o . ; likewise an extensive library . " Classical Researches . —The National announces tne return of M . Minol de Minais from a scientific miBaion in Greece , Thesaal , and Constantinople , which lasted three years , and was undertaken at the desire of the Minister of Public Instruction . Amongst tbe valuable manuscripts discovered and brought to France by flL Minas must be noticed , Fables by Babryag , a fragment of the 20 th book of Polybius , several extracts ftem Ddxippus and Eusebius , two historians bnt little known to us , a fragment of the historian Pryseas , a treaty of the celebrated Gallien which was deficient lu bis collection , a new edition ef JBiop > Fables , with »; life or tbe fabulist , a Treatise on Greek Syntax by Gregory of Corinth , an unpublished grammar of Theodossius of Alexandria , a history of the Conquest of China by the Tartars , and various other works , which nave safely arrived at Paris .
Vplccipedes on Raiiways . —An Ingenious and very useful invention haa just been exhibited , and its powers tried on the Brighton and Croydon Railway Ifc is called a pedomotiye machine , and was conducted by Mr England , the engineer , of Hatcbam Iron-worka , Kent-road , for the London and Brighton Railway . It weighs about 2701 hs , and is manufactured almost entirely of wrought iron . . It carries four or six persons , two of whom propelAt . by means of treadles applied on a new and advantageous principle . Its greatest speed for a short distance is at the rate of twenty five miles art hour ; its average rate is fifteen miles an hour , carrying in both cases four passengers . Its utility on a line of railway requires no comment , as , -without the slightest delay , one man can convey a message from station to station , at a far greater speed than a horse express ; and , should there be any fear of its encountering a train , it can be lifted up from , and replaced on the tramway , with as much ease aa a sedan chair .
IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR . ; An apparatus for the more rapid generation of steam for engines than can be effected by any of the variety of boilers bitaerto invented , when the fite is merely in contact with the outside of the tubes or vessels containing water , was some two years since patented by Mr . Andrew Smith , but tbe " steam generator" has not been sufficiently brought before tbe public , and we believe is bat little known . Tbe principle is simple , bat highly effective ; instead of the fire acting at once
on tbe vessel containing the water , a body of metal capable of dissolving at once not less than three hundred deg . Fahrenheit ; , is employed as a medium between tbe fire and generating tubes . An iron vessel is set in connection with tbe furnace on the same principle as a common boiler ; near the bottom a series of iron tubes run the whole length of the vessel , and forming one coutinuous channel , one end is connected to the force-pump attached to the engine , and tbe other with a series of steam receivers , all connected , and to which tho safety-valve is applied in the usual
way . A compound metal in due proportions , consisting of bismuth , lead , and zinc , is placed in the vessel in aufficie&t quantity to form a complete metallic batb , covering tbe generating tubes , but not : to reach tbe receivers ; this molten bath is geserally kept up to a beat of about 500 degrees , and tbe pump is so regulated to the size of the generator and power required , that at each stroke of tbe pioton of the engine only sufficient water is isjacted into the tubas to supply steam for one revolution of the Crank attached . On the injection of tbe water into the heated tubes , it is instantaneously converted into steam , passes into tbe steam receivers , and from thence to tbe engine cylinder , when , having performed its duty , the stroke of the piston injects another sufficient portion of water tor
the ; next stroke—thus keeping tbe receivers continually supplied , without an accumulation of more steam than is absolutely necessary for the proper performance of tbe engine . Tbe great advantages afforded by the generator are—economy of fuel , less variation in the heat of the tabes , and , consequently , greater regularity in working , and the absolute safety from burst-Jog , l . OOOlbs ., at least , per square inch , being required to fracture any of the tubeB ; and should sucb circumstances by any chance occur , it would have no effect beyond the interior ef the batb , and a new set of tubes could be inserted in a very short space of time . The small space occupied by this apparatus , in comparison with any of tbe old boilers , being about onetwentieth the usual size , ia of much importance , and we recommend an inspection by all persons employing steam-engines .
We cannot help considering this invention as ingenious and useful . Tbe economy of space is immense , and the equalisation of temperature much more complete th * n has hitherto been attained—a point of extreme importance when tbe cost of fuel is taken into account —Polytechnic Review .
Untitled Article
THE MINERS OF CUMBERLAND TO THEIH BROTHER 5 I 1 NEB 3 OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Friends and Brethren , —it is now more than three months since John Peile , the Earl of Lonsdaie ' s agent , and others entered into a most unhely alliance to prevent us from exercising the rights to which as men we are entitled . You are a ware tbat we are not seeking any advance of wages .- we merely Bought to unite to reduce tbe hours of labour as a means of elevating our moral and physical energies . Such was our object We ore told by those opposed to us that by joining tbe Felon we will entirely destroy tbe peace and comfort of our families ; but tbey never tell as of bow much peace and comfort tbey have deprived Ufl Of . Can it be said that robbing tbe miner of bis time , and thereby subjecting him to greater labour for Icbs remuneration
is doing him or bis family good ? Nevertheless , we are and have been daily subject to sucb cruelty . And what has this treatment produced ? Resistance on tbe part of the men , and a spirit of union tbat never can be destroyed . We say never ; for Bince the return from IrelaDd of our zaaloua , talented , uncompromising lecturer , Mr . P . M . Bropby , many of those who bad returned te their work through the necessity brought about by the tyranny of John Peile , have voluntarily come forward , reg-. iraiess of the threats or the test , to unite themselves man to man and heart to heart to support and protect their rights and interests . We are proud to say that the spirit is still alive here ; that tbe oppressed are ( notwithstanding spies are to be found at every meeting ) rallying to further the cause of Union . But we must say that tbe means of support we have received has been meagre indeed .
Miners , wherever yon gather together , make some little sacrifice to aid us , aadaaow to the British Empire tbat Cumberland , which is a part , shall nob be trampled on by tbe oppressor . Tbe cause is yours as much as ours , and if lost in Cumberland , will eventually be lost everywhere else . We call upon the lecturers of our association to bring our cause before their audiences , and to tell them that unless something decisive be done the cause for tbe present must be abandoned .
Whitehaven . —The following Bums has been received from Newcastle-on-Tyne , on the 22 nd instant , for tbe Cumberland colliers , to the amount of j £ 25 , as follows : —Black Boy £ 2 10 ; Nethertou £ 1 10 ; Garafield 9 a ; Oakwellgute 8 s 6 d ; South Pelew 8 s ; Heworth 14 s 3 d ; Urpeth 10 s 6 d ; fiebbum , £ ls 12 a lid ; Ouston £ l 12 s 6 d ; Heatou £ 2 7 s 9 d ; North Hetton £ 1 11 s 3 d ; Exclose 7 a lOd ; Wylam £ 1 4 s 3 d ; Walker £ 1143 ; Whiiley £ 2 4 s ; Nova Scotia 8 s 4 d ; Ravensworth £ 1 ; Sherriff Hill £ lls 3 d ; GoBfoith £ l 10 a ; Edmondsby £ 2 , 2 s .
A meeting of tbe Miners of this district took place ion Saturday in Mosaop ' s Long Room , Newstreet , Mr . John Harrison in tbe chair . Mr . Matthew Halllday gave a powerful address on the restriction question , and was repeatedly cheered . Mar-xport , Nov . 23 . —Mr . Hunter attended a meeting of the Miners of this place . After tbe address of Mr . Hunter , several came forward and paid in their contributions , and took out the first and second number of the Miners' Journal . . They are a most miserable
oppressed set of men , being from fourteen to sixteen hours in the bowels of the earth every day ; and , after tbey have done their bard day ' s work , they have te travel three and four miles to their miserable homes ; and in this neighbourhood the truck system is carried os , both in tbe collieries and upon the Maryport railway going through to Carlisle . Several of ou * men having been employed upon , the railway in the time ot the strike in that park ; and you may believe me , that it is nothing short of the same system carried on in other parts of the country .
Dearham , Nov . 24 . —Mr . Hunter , agent of the Miners' Association , addressed the miners of this place . At the conclusion , twenty gave in their names to become subssriberfl to the miners' Journal—also a list of names were taken down to subscribe to the Northern Star . One man paid down one shilling ; and said , if it were not possible to raise aa much as would purchase one , he would make up the deficiency ; tbey having bad the pleasure of seeing one copy of tbat valuable paper , approve of the principles id advocates . , The same steps are being taken at i Jimby , Maryport , &c . which I hope -will meet with bo ccess . Wobkikctok , Nov . 23 .- ^ -A delegate meeting of
the Miners of Cumberland wafi held in the New Lodge Room , WaBhington-stree ^ Delegates were pre-« e » t from Cleator Moor , WVitehaven , Parten , Harrington , Workington , Seator ,, Deatham , Gughterslde , and Maryport . Mr . Hellii ^ ay was moved to tbe chair . Minutes of tbe last meeting being read , tbe Secretary proceeded to call over tb / j names ef the collieries . The number of unemployed were : ascertained to be reduced to 109 , being twenty-e ' ight less than last week . It was then resolved that , £ i should be sent to Newcastle , towards defraying the expencea of tbe counsel employed on the t » i >' of Dorau and Garraty . It was also agreed that one half of the contributions be collected , and sent offto the General Board .
HAuaiNQ ' j : oN | Nov , 25 . —A meeting of the Miners of thispla / je was held in Mr . Musgtove ' s Long Room , it being V first meeting pi the second quattei . Mr . Hunter , attended , and addressed tbe audience . M . u Holliday attended the following places : — Our bteT 8 ide , Monday . Nov . 20 ; Gillorux , Tuesday , Nov . 21 ; Denrham , Nov 22 ; delegate meeting , Woritington , Nov . 23 ; WnltehSven , Nov . 25 . At all of which places be met with goad success .
Untitled Article
Mr . Wilu . vji Holdgate lectured last wtek&t tho following places : —Nov . 20 . Bradford Moor ; Nov . 21 , Four Laneilnds ; Nov . 22 , Bowling ; Nov . 23 , Thornton ; and has opened a new society . Ms . Holdgate will visit tbe following places next week ; - ^ December 4 th . Beeston ; December 5 th , Hotslet ; December 6 th . Osnett Common ; December 7 en , Oaaett Street Side ; December 8 th , Daw Green * The Deleqate Mertikg for Yorkshire District will j be holden on Saturday , the 9 ia of December , at ted o ' clock ia the forenoon precisely , at the house of Samuel Ronibottom , Unicorn Inn , Adwalton . \
j EDINBURGH . THE PROSECUTIONS FOR BLASPHEMY . A public meeting was held in the large Waterloo Rooms , Edinburgh , on Tuesday evening , the 21 st iasfc .., in consequBDoe of the imprison mont of Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers , of thi 3 city , for the alleged crime of jblaspbesay , to pBtition Parliament for tbe abrogation of the laws under which tbey were convicted , and to rhemorializa her Majesty for their release . | . About an hour before tbe time of meeting , the rain began to pour in torrents , and continued ao to do ail the evening , which it was thought would have the
effect of greatly thinning tbe attendance . But notwithstanding the extreme inclemency of tbe weather , when the hour for taking tbe chair arrived , tbe room was well filled with a vary respectable an lience of abont 1100 persons , amongst whom were several ladies . ¦ At the commencement of the proceedings , a few individuals attempted t < j breed confusion by noisy clamour . The noise was soon suppressed , and the proceedings went on in a most orderly way . This being a public meeting , all parities were allowed a fair hearing ; the Chairman did not send persons to prison for atte xxpting to speak in j order , as was done by the late Lord Provoat , at a recent meeting in tbe same rooms , called to sympathise with Dr . Killey .
To tho first leacAuWon an amendment was proposed , " Tbat this meeting approves of the sentences passed by tbe High Court of Justiciary upon Messrs . Paterson and Robinson . " j ¦ This amendment was spoken to and supported by several persona ifrom the bo'ly of the meeting ; but when the question was put from the chair , the original resolution was carried unanimously , witb the exception of nine diasentients . After so signal a triumph , the friends of liberty of conscience had everything their own way , and the resolutions , petition , and memorial were carried unanimously . The meeting did aot disperse till nearly twelve o'clock , the proceedings throughout were enthusiastic , and will doubtless teach an important lesson to tbe authorities . 1 After an address from Mr . Peddie , who was unanimously called to jthe choir , the vesulutiona were proposed in the following order ;—
1—Moved by Mr . Southwell , seconded by Mr . Cummings , " That all penal restrictions upon the tongue * or tbe press , to prevent the utterance or publication of opinion , are detrimental to truth and morality , and to tbe welfare of society , and that all laws fettering freedom of expression should bo immediately abrogated . " 2—Moved by Mr . H . JtfJWry , seconded by Mr * J . Grant , " That the imprisonment of Thomas Paterson and Henry Rjbinspn , booksellers , of this city , fox vending works containing denials of the truth of the prevalent religious doctrines , is impolitic , unjust , and intolerant . " i 3—Moved bf Mr . Tankard , seconded by Mr . Sergeant , " That the following petition to the House of Commons , and memorial to her Majesty be adopted by this meeting . / These are subjoined ) . 4—Moved by Mr . Jeflwy , seconded by Mr . Sutherlaud , — " That the : petition to the House of Commons be presented by T . Si Doncombe , Esq . "
( COPY OF PETITION . ) To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of Edinburgh , in public meeting assembled . Humbly Shewexh—That your petitioners view with much regret and indignation , the proceedings lately taken by her Majesty ' s Advocate in Scotlapd , against Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers of this city , ' who have been prosecuted for the sale of works containing denials of tbe truth of tbe established creeds , jand who on that account , have beea sentenced to the terms of fifteen month's and twelve month's imprisonment respectively , to be treated as common felons , j Tbat such persecutions are totally at variance with tbe great principle of Protestantism , v > h \ dx give ? to all tbe right of individual judgment , and professes therefore to interfere with the conscience ot so man .
Tbat the crime of blasphemy , so called , has no fixed or settled definition , but varies with time and place , as is instanced in the present day , in the lamented prosecution of Or . Kalley of Madeira , for preaching the Protestant religion , which is there accounted blasphemous . Tbe founders of Christianity , tbe Protestant reformers , and all the opponents of superstitious error have been charged with tbe same crime . Indeed , every man who denies all religions but his own , is an infidel and blasphemer to every religion except the one which he prof esses . j That fallacious arguments against , and unjust vituperations of religion , may be answered by refutations and exposure , tbe people of Great Britain and Ireland support , at an enormous expense , priests and clergymen who are " set in defence of the gospel , " whose office it is te repel the attacks of infidelity , and who , if tbey did their duty , would render nunessary the interference of courts of hiw with matters of opinion .
That persecution , cannot in this country in the present age , repress any system of doctrine ; and that prosecutions sucb as those of which your petitioners complain , are found from experience to increase the sale , of tbe works prosecuted . That the generally recognised rule of morality , " To do unto others as we would that others should do unto us , " would lead the British Legislature to concede to all classes of Her Majesty ' s subjects , the right of fully and freely expressing their opinions . Your Petitioners therefore pray that your Honourable House will take immediate steps to abrogate tbe statutes under which Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson have been convicted . j And your petitioners , &c , &c . The memorial to : the Queen , a copy of which has been sent us , but for which -we have not room , was Bimilar in spirit to { the petition : tne " prayer" being varied as follows : —
" We therefore pray Your Mijesty to be graciously pleased to exercise the Royal Prerogative of mercy , for the release of Thomas Pateraon am ! Henry RobinBon , that they may be restored to their afflicted families , and that Your Majesty ' s ; subjects may enjoy the blessings of liberty of conscience .
Untitled Article
CARLJSLE .- ^ Meeting the Council the Carlisle Chartist Association . —a meeting of tbe above body took place ob Sunday last , at their room , Ne . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; Mr . Robert Graham in tbe chair . Tbe Secretaay read over the minutes of last meeting , which Were confirmed ; after which , various sums of money were paid in to the Treasurer for cards and regular subscriptions ; and we are happy in being able to state , that the number of members is increasing weekly since Mr . O'Connor ' s visit to Carlisle . AI letter was read from Mr . Baxter , the celebrated author of tbe " Book of the Bastiles , " kindly offering a copy for the use of the Association . The offer was very gratefully accepted .
The Working JMbn's Mental Improvement Society . —Tbe members and ethers taking an interest ia this society , met on on Sunday evening last , at No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; when the following question was brought forward by Mr . Bowmsn : " Have the Cumberland ballads of the late Robert Anderson , had a salutary or evil effect on society ? " Mr . Bowman went into the question at considerable length , and contended , that they bad had a salutary effect on society , inasmuch as they had added to the enjoyment and instruction of the humble cla ^ ea of tbe inhabitants of Cumberland ; and were accurate and graphic delineations of the manners and customs of the peasantry of tbat county . He also shewed their j moral tendency by reading a variety of illustrations from some of the most popular ballads ; wherein theruinoua effects of a life of folly
aad dissipation were clearly pointed out ; the repose and happiness attendant on a life of temperance and integrity most lively pourtrayed ; where vice was held up to public destitution in all its hideouaness , and virtue and benevolence applauded and recommended . The Illustrations were numerous and seemed to produce a convincing effect ( on the minds of the audience . There being no opposition a vote of thanks was carried to Mr . Bowman and the Chairman . The following question will be brought forward and discnused on Sunday evening next , at six o'clock . Admittance gratis . " Will tbe prosecutions now going on against Mr . Daniel O'Connell and other leading Repealers , forward or retard the Repeal of the Union ?"—[ Can our Carlisle correspondent favour ns witb any of Anderson ' s ballads ? T I
SAWOBD . —The Chartists of Salford met in their rooms , Great George-street , on Sunday evening last , to hear a lecture from Mr . Bropby . Mr . M'Farlane was called to the chair , who opened the proceedings witb giving an interesting account of a tout which he had lately made through a part of Scotland . Mr . Littler then gave a short address , shewing the necessity of local reform . The ; Chairman then introduced Mir . Brophy to the meeting , who gave a very © nergetio and interesting address , which was liafauied io witb much BatiBlaotion . 1
BXLStOM . —The jCbattisto of this locality have organised themselves under tbe New Plan , through th , assistance of Mr . M'Ctratb , who delivered aa excellr nf address in the Social Institution , in Wood-street on Wednesday last , to an attentive audience j M * . j ohrj Cadley , an Irish Repealer , intbexhair . A rew . i umod was proposed , seconded , and carried nnanimov = w an . proving of the conduct of Mr , M'Grath , belir vinVbjni to be a fit and proper ; pewon to hold the bU h oflSce oi President of the ExecutiTe . The Star * , & ^ tea < j every Sunday and Thuredftyl eveninga , at Mr . j obi White 8 , j
Untitled Article
RSTJDITCSt . —On Saturday evening , thfl Charting of this place met at the O Connor Arms , when the following sums were voted—namely , 5 s . for Mr . George White , 5 s . for the Victim Fund , and 5 a . for cards . ZiOWSON , —GOLDEN LlQN , DEAN-STREET , SOHO . —On Sunday laat , o public lecture was delivered at the above place by Mr . T . M . Wheeler , Member of the Executive Committee . The chair was filled by Mr . PuiHps . Ten new members were enrolled . Mr . Grover moved , and Mr . Haimes seconded , a resolution" That we highly approve of the Executive ' s plan of engaging lecturers ; ar , d hereby determine to render them our best assistance in support of the same . " A collection was afterwards made for the veteran , Mr . T . Preston . Whitechapel . —Mr . Stallwood lectured to a crowded audience in the White Horse Assembly Rooms , on Sunday evening last .
MANCHESTER . —At a meeting of the Chartist Painters of Manchester , held in their room , Watsonstreet , Peter-street , on Wedneaday evening last , the following gentlemen were elected as a Committee foe the ensuing three months : —President , Mr . William Hulree ; Treasurer , Mr . Edward Hall ; Secretary , Mr . Charlea Taylor ; Mr . W . B . Killijjrew , Mr . Thomas Doyle , Mr . James Porteus , and Mr . Thos . Lee . NjeWCASTiE . —Mr . C . D . Staarfc lectured on Friday evening , in the Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth Market , on— " The comparative condition of the
United States and Eogland , showing the advantageous position of the American People as contrasted wit& this Country . " Mr . S . having been long resident in the State 3 and in South America , the infenaation he communicated wa 3 deeply interesting , a' : d was confirmed by several individuals present who had visited the States . At the unanimous request of the meeting , Mr . Stuart delivered a second lecture on tbe same subject , on Sunday evening , to a nuinerons audience , giving the greatest satisfaction to ths Chartists and all who were present .
Glorious Thidmph ot the Charttsts over the Free Traders in Gateshead . —The Free Traders of Giteshead bad a meeting in the Town Hall there , on Monday evening ; their placard earnestly invited all who were friendly te Free Trade to attend , as they intended to present an address to tbe electors of Salisbury , who voted for Mr . Bouverie at tbe recent election for tbat Borough ; and aa the Chartists considered themselves friendly to the only species of Free Trade that is calculated to benefit the starving millions , tney
accepted the invitation . At the appointed hoar , ( eight o ' clock . ) Mr . Alderman Bracket , the gentleman who was elected President of the Gatesbead Free Traders , at a hole and corner meeting of some six of seven of tbat kidney , on tbe 9 ; h inst , walked into the chair as if by natural instinct , and assayed to commence tbe proceedings by reading a letter frem Mr . Bouverie ' a committee , and was going to proceed with reading the address , which was ready cut and dry , and only wanted tha sanction of the meeting ; but the Chartists had not been accustomed to have a chairman foisted
upon them in that way , and politely asked if tbey intended to take the Bense of themeetirjgin the appointment of chairman ? After some discussion on the subject it was agreed that the voice of the meeting should be taken . Mr . Cook proposed that Mr . Brackett be appointed cbairman , which was put to tbe meeting and agreed to . The cbairman then read the address to the mbn of Salisbury , and likewise a resolution soliciting members to tbe free trade society , at annual contributions of 2 s . 6 U each , to be paid in advance , so as to aesist in raising the £ 100 , 000 . A lengthy discussion took place on this resolution , on which Messrs , Stuart , Gamraage , Ralph Currie , Sinclair , John M'Shaue , and others took part—it was agreed to . tit . Wm . Lackey Harle then proposed— " that the address to the electors
of Salisbury be adopted by thia meeting , " which was duly seconded . Tbe free traders appeared happy that there appeared no opposition to tbe address ; kufc , alaa , they were mistaken , for Mr . Cook , of tbe Blue Bell Inn , Gateshead , proposed an addenda . They appeared quite chop-fallen . They requested Mr . Cook to modify bis addenda . He stood to his integrity and would not fliuen a peg . Tbe result was that the chairman declared Mr . Cook ' a amendment carried by a large majority , and at the same time declared that he would noi sign the address as agreed to by the meeting . He , ran away amid the hisses of the major part of the audience . Three cheers and one cheer more was then given for tbe People ' s Charter , and the meeting separated .
STOCKPORT , —On Sunday last Mr . M'Grath of London , delivered a very able lecture on Clasa Legislation , to a numerous and attentive audience who were highly delighted . One hundred and seventeen cards were taken out , and 16 s . collected at the door .
C&Artjtflrt 3&Niexu&Ence*
C&artjtflrt 3 &nieXU&ence *
Untitled Article
Mortality in the Metropolis . —We regret to state that the returns for the past week show a great increase in the number of deaths . In the week ending November 11 , the deaths were 1016 , while according to the present return they amount to 1230—showing an increase of not less than 214 . Deaths from measles , scarlatina , diarrheea , and dysentery are still high , but the greatest increase has taken place in diseases of the lungs and from old age . The average deaths caused by pneumonia is ninety , while during the last week it was 199 . The average deaths from consumption at this season is
131 , while the present return makes it 171 , and from old age or natural decay the numbers have increased from 69 to 100 . In diseases of the lungs the increase has been more than doubled—the average being 278 , while in the week ending November 18 the number was 459 . In almost every complaint to which man is liable there has been aa increase The average for all during the last fire autumns was 908 , while the last return shows aa increase for one week of 322 . We have no account of the daily mean temperature , as no person , has yet been appointed to succeed Mr . Robertson , who made up this part of the return .- ^ -Sttn , of Saturday .
InFASTiciDE—Oa Saturday evening , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., coroner , held an inquest at the Crown Inn , Highstreet , Kensington , on the body of a newly-born female infant , which was found on the morning of Thursday last , wrapped in a piece of cotton , at the side of the path in Ladbroke-grove , Notting-ailL Guazzironi , the surgeon , who had opened tbe body , gave it as bis opinion tbat tbe child had lived some hours , and he attributed its death to neglect on the part of its parent after its birth . Tbe coroner said in that case the neglect amounted to murder . Verdict , Wilful murder against some person unknown .
Robbery and Murder . —On Saturday morning , between one and two o ' clock , a crnel robbery was perpetrated at the bouse ef two aged and infirm persons , named Sperring , situate in the Upper BriBtolroad , in the parish ot Weston , near Bristol . The villains , three in number , made an entrance through the roof of the dwelling , by removing several of the stone tiles . They then rushed into the kitchen , where they found Mrs . Sperring , and threatened to blow out her brains if she gave any alarm , or made the least tesisVauce , and the poor old woman fainted . The thieves then entered the bed-room of the old man , and , with imprecations , demanded bis money . He offered them a sovereign to leave tha place , but they refused , and threatened his life if be did not tell them Where QB kept bis money , stating they knew he had money in the house . One of them pulled out a box from under the bed , and broke it open , from which they tosfc £ 70 in money , and a silver watch , maker ' s name , "
Bullock , " Bath , with which they decamped , leaving the old woman in a state of insensibility . Sperring Who appears to be a man of very penurious habits , occupies a detached cottage * which is situate abont 200-yards from tbe Kelstou turnpike-gate . Hte wife being a cripple , and he refusing to allow any person to enter his dwelling , the house presents a most filthy appearance . We are given to understand that the £ 70 of which he has been plundered , was hoarded in tba handle of an old saucepan , and that an additional £ 20 secreted in some rags fortunately escaped the hands of the burglars . Tbe violence of the ruffians resulted in the death of the old woman , ( who is about eighty years of age ) , which event took place yesterday morning , and an inquest will be keld ou her body this day . Through the activity of the city police , and the chief officer , Mr . Hall , four individuals are now in custody on suspicion of having been concerned in the outrage . — Devizes
Gazette-ExtraORDINart and Long-planked Robbery AT THE OLD SHADES TaVEKN , LONSOS BR 1 » OE . — The Shadsa , so well known at Woodin ' a , near London Bridge , was on Saturday morning found to have been broken into , under very extraordinary circumstances , and notes and gold stolen to tbe amount of near £ 100 . That this robbery has been effected by the most expert thieves on tawn , there can be no doubt , and the appliances whieh were used show the-dexterity , coolness , and perseverance with which the work was dona . Since Mr . Woodin ' s death , Messrs . Nicholls and Pellatt
have been the proprietors of the house , and they have rarely left any money on the premises , it being paid into their bankers . For several mornings previous to Saturday , Mr . Pellatt thought that the key , when he placed it in the lock , jumped ap in a very extraordinary manner , and he bad ifc takeaoff , determined to have another . The old one was found to contain putty and other things , which led 60 still stronger suspicion . Upon the policeman ga [ ng round on Saturday morning , about , BIX o ' clock , he observed nothing extraordinary about ihe premises , but on passing at twenty minutes to seven , it struck him there was a noiae in tie house . Some alarm seems to have been grTen , and it was then found tbat the lock had been replaced by a new one . An entry was made , and the o ^ d lock ** s found lying in a part ofth * hall , with a r&eleton key in it . There ean be no doubt that the and the moulds of
P > anhadbMB low * , organised , the SS ^ b ^ n takiii / MitSad eviaeutly been ta ^ en off and replaces . When Mr . Pe «» tt went to t > ue iron chest ii » whicn , on toe oversight , £ 70 *** been left , he found it open , and the money gone . ; The process by which this was done was singular and aitos-SSTThe key . which would aeein to have beeo a ^ de forthe lock , was too small , and ^ a blow pipe , foflnd amongst skeleton keys and other t ^ M ne £ the spo £ had been used in order to 8 t it to the [ ocfc & * «» . g * to it . In a corner of the roem ^ the ^* L' ? a ? a akeleton key in it , two skeleton keys and ^ a dark > nteraT No doubt exists but that this robbery has been p ^ ned tor a long time , and that , in the absence of the watchman , the oater padlock bad been taken off and a new one put on , While the keys wwe being made . AS present there ia 00 clue to the burglare .
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THE NORTHERN STAR * 7 ¦ ¦ ¦ ., ... ,. , — , —_ ___ _ , —_____„__ . _ . : < , . — -. . — - ¦ ¦ - £
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1241/page/7/
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