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NEW WOOLLEN CLOTH AND TAILORS' TRIMMING ESTABLISHMENT, | 37, BRIGGrATE. LEEDS. AND MARKET PLACE. DARLINGTON.
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Cfearttet Kntdlisence.
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4Fwtt)corams Cfjartfel tfflfectftig*.
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TO RICHARD COBDEN, ESQ^ MJ>.
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Moste Tided.—Aceonnts from Monte Video of October 18, state that the town was besieged and blockaded, that Admiral Brown bad B?nt notice a
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O&DHAHI.—On Sunday last, Mr. Miller lectured in the Chartist Room, Greaves Street, to numerous and attentive audiences. On Monday a Tea Party
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tl / T H . DAVIS respectfully invites the attention of the Publio to hia VALUABLE and EXTENSIVE STOCK OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS , Whioh he has purchased for Cash , and is determined to seU for a very small amount of profit . | The Goods are of first-rate Manufacture , and not made for sale only , but will have the good properties of wearing well , and ensuring future orders . I The Stock consists of DOUBLE-MILLED WATERPROOF TWEEDS , BEAVERS , PILOTS KERSEYS , CASSIMERES , SUPERFINE YORKSHIRE and WEST OF ENGLAND CLOTHS WOOLLEN and COTTON CORDS , FUSTIANS , &o . &c . Waistcoatings from Is . 6 d . upwards , in endless variety . M . H . D . takes this opportunity to thank the numerous body of TAILORS , who have patronized him since he dissolved Partnership with Mr . Cullingworth , and begs to assure them that no House iu the Trade shall undersell him in any One Article . The Working Classes are invited to purchase Fustians , Cords , and Moleskins , at the above Establishment ; they will find it more advantageous to do so , and employ their own Tailors , than encourage the " Ready Made Clothes Selling Monopolists , " who get rich at the expence of the Working Man , by paying him one half for a Garment that other Masters give .
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Sn ;—At one of yonr recent Free Trade Meetings a 4 Bradford , yon are reported to hare spoken as follows . I take the report of the Bradford Observer : "The challenge was that Mr . Feargus O'Connor , was prepared to mret me in publio and discuss this ouestioa—Would the repeal of the Corn Law and the establishment of free trade be of immediate benefit to the working classes 1 This is a mere evasion * nd Bublerfuge , which I will expose . I don't pretend io be a prophet—to argue and declaim in the future tense—or say what might , oould , would , or should bappeiu I don't pretend to soar into the
regions of fancy and speculation , and prophecy about trents and consequences to come , about whieh we are all equally ignorant . I hare to deal with facts , winch experience and observation plainly attest : — where rife , in the West Biding as well as other placesj I refer yon to the bankruptcies which have takeniplace , the famine which has sulked through Jour streets—to the ruin of the capitalist and the egradation of the working man—and ! say the Corn Law is uEjost and onght to be immediately replied—( great cheering , and cries of hear , hear ) . — Where is the man that will meet me and oppose this
proposition 1 No , when we hare got rid of this unjust law and hare tried free trade for three years , then I will come and discuss whether it has been of benefit to the working classes . No , I tell the boys who are beguiled by this man , aye , and the men , unthinking men , with beards on their faces , that thiB is a trick systematically got up , coming from a qnarter that I perfectly understand , an ariful subterfuge in order to make the working classes appear to be opposed to us , in order that the ministerial papers , the organs of the'monopolists , may announce in large print , that the > working people are wanting to meet the Anti-Corn-Law League , and that Cobden
dare not do it , forsooth J—Let any man meet me , I eaieiot where , in the West Hiding or elsewhere , cnly it shall be in public , in the open air , and maintain that the Corn law is a just law and ought to be maintained . But no ; they won ' t do this—they admit the Corn Law to be an unjust law—and yet admitting that an injustice is being inflicted upon he bread eaters of this country , a majority of whom are working men , instead of coming to help the men who are working to get rH of toe injustice , are trying by eYsry artful means , any side wind ,
catching hoM of ignorant iads , to prerent our succeeding in putting it down . If they hare their own object to accomplish , why don't they keep to it ; do their own work , and not meddle with ns ! Why ! Because ther leaders are paid for it , and I "know it—( loud cheers ) . Yes , I hare proof ( renewed applause ) . I won ' t pretend to say that there may not he some thai are fools enough to do it for nothing . But I bare proofs of some , and those who are concerned knovr it . There are many things that we are acquainted with that they little fancy , but it will all come out some day . "
To clog the important portion of the above announcement with any details or technicalities which might impede or altogether frustrate the object which I hare so long desired to realize , and in the accomplishment of which you appear equally anxious as myself , wonld appear to be ^ -rinlrfTig from ihe contest npon my part . I THEREFORE , without GmccattGeunos , ACCEPT YOUR CHALLENGE upon your men conditions , which are , that you are tto proTe "that tttr Coss Law
JB rSJTJST AXD OrGHI- TO BE UdJtEBIATELT BB-¦ pR * T . m /' In order that yoa may hare an opportunity at one and the none time of disabusing the youthful minds of the fallacies which I hare instilled into them , and of appealing to that class most immediately interested in the snecess of yonr agitation , I undertake to meet yon at an open air meeting , as hear the centre of the "West Biding of Yorkshire as convenience will allow , upon the first holiday that occurs *
In order that the verdict may carry with it the greatest amennt of popular feeling upon the subject . Yon shall appoint & chairman ; 2 will appoint anether ; and if a difference of opinion arise , the meeting shall be divided , those snpporting your Tiews going to your side of the hustings , and those Euppornng my TiewB going to my side of the hnstings . Yon shall appoint a committee of seven to adjust the preliminaries npon your behalf , and I will appoint a committee of seven to do likewise on my
behalf . Upon the sane terms I will meet you at Kersal Hoot near Manchester , and in the market place of Nottingham ; thus affording you a fair opportunity of collecting public opinion npon the disputed subject in the three principal manufacturing counties of the kingdom . So far my acceptance of your challenge has reference to the question of the Corn laws only ; while at any or all of the above meetings , I challenge you to the proof of allegations which you say you hare evidence to substantiate . Understand me sir . You
* 2 vo , I tell the boys who are beguiled by this man , aye , and the men , unthinking men , wiih beards on their faces , that this is a trick systematically got np . -coming from a quarter that I perfectly understand , an artful subterfuge in order to make the working classes appear to be oppossd to us , is order that tie ministerial papers , the organs of the monopolists , may announce in large print , that the working people are wanting to meet the Anti-Corn-Law Leagae , and that Cobden dare not do it , forsooth 1 " After having thns directly imputed to me a connection with the ' ministerial papers you add : —
" Jf they have their own object to accomplish , why don ' t they keep to it ; do their own work , and not meddle with ns ! Why ! Because their leaders are paid for it , and I know it—( loud cheers ) . Yes , I have proof—( loud cbeers > I won't pretend to say that there may not be some that are fools enough to -do it for nothing . But I hare proofs of some , and those who are concerned know it . There are many things that we are acquainted with that they little fancy , but it will all come out some day . " In the first passage we recognise the work to be done ; in the second the terms upon which it is to be done ; and in both that I am the man referred to .
Now , Sir , yon hare declared that yen are in possession of the proofs—that they shall be produced some day . "What time so fit then as that when they can be of service to yon ? I challenge you ; I deft tou ; I DARE YOU TO THE PROOF that I have ever , in the whole courEe of my life , received a farthing or the promise of a farthing ; that I ever asked for a farthiiig or the promise of a farthing ; that I iave ever , directly or indirectly , by letter , conversation , or ambassador , held communication with any man or body of men nponthe subject . That I bare been influenced in any one act by other than political motivea ; and those of a character appertaining to the principles which I am known to advocate .
Yoa-see , Sir , that I am unwilling to introduce any irrelevant matter into my letter . " Was I so inclined , ! need bnt take the following passage from your long speech , and upon which I think you will admit that you stand self-convicted of past delnsion . You say : " I don ' t preteiid to be a prophet—to argne and declaim in the futnre tense—or say what might , could , would , or should happen . 2 don ' t pretend to soar into the regions of fancy and speculation , and prophecy about events and consequences to come , about which we are all equally ignorant . " Might I tot fairly ask you what then has become of gH your former hopes , promises , predictions and anticipations to ~ be so immediately realised by the SDCcesi of yonr project ! Have they vanished 1
In conchision , Sir , yon pompously ask where is tEe tt >* ti that will meet you ? and this question was asked after you had brutally ejected an honest working man from yonr meeting , who was prepared to meetyou . 1 answer , I AM THE MAN . FiAEsrs O'Coksob .
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TO THOSE OF THE CHARTISTS OF BIRMINGHAM , THAT MEET AT THE SHIP , STEELHOUSE-LANE . Gektlehkn , —I learn from your letter , published in this week ' s Star , that you are dissatisfied with my address of the 23 rd of last month . Before I enter upon the subject matter of tbat address , I beg to set you right on the several points upon which in my mind yon have fallen into error . With reference to the part that I acted when Mr . Stnrge offered himself for the representation , of Nottingham , you say we state honestly and fearlessly that we did as well as our fellow Chartists , co-operate with the Complete Suffragists on this question , and on equally honourable conditions as Mr . O'Connot himself
struggled to secure the return of Mr . Sturge and Mr . Gisborne for the borough of Nottingham . If we beKeved , with Mr . O'Gonnor , that Sturgism , was but masked Whiggism and Capitalism , we should find little to admire in that polioy which commanded his services in reprobation of his sentiment * , to cooperate with a union for the Parliamentary success of its leader , and candidate , which he regarded as aiming at the advancement of Whiggery and Capitalism . " Nothing could be more unfair , weak , or indeed , ridiculous than the above passage ; unfair because it is not true ; weak because it is unsustainable ; and ridiculous because all men are aware of its incorrectness . I did not bring Mr . Sturge forward for Nottingham . I retired from the
contest myself , at the express request of the Nottingham Chartists to make way for Mr . Stnrge , because he had pledged himself to every point of the People ' s Charter . I contended for him , I battled for him , I fonght for him , I bled for him , not from any love I bore the man , but because he was the recognized champion of the Chartist princi p les . Mind , Gentlemen , I nse the word principles without reference to the name . I did then support Mr . Sturge when he supported the principles of Chartism . If that document contends for one principle , more than another which like Aaron's rod swallows up all others , it is the principle that the majority shall govern the minority . It was because Mr . Sturge , in connection with Mr . Lawrence
Heyworth , and many of our most deadly enemies , did in the most insolent , unblushing , and tyrannical manner -violate this one all-absorbing principle by his conduct at Birmingham that I separated from Mr . Sturge and his party . Add to this the " great fact" that immediately after the Birmingham Conference Mr . Sturge , his party , his lecturers , and his organs turned , as if by magic , to the advocacy of free principles , and to the abuse of Chartism , and furthermore that Mr . Sturge , together with Mr . Beggs and the Rev . Mr . Spencer , the most uncompromising supporter of Malthusiasm in its most hideous form , has recently made a tour through the West of England , for the purpose , as announced in the several bUiS t of promoting Complete Suffiragism and Free Trade ; thus as the real Chartists anticipated , throwing off the mask when
disguise could no longer cover deceit . The difference then between you and me as far as regards Mr . Stnrge is just this . I supported him while I thought him an honest Chartist—you desire to support him after he has proved himself a dishonest one . I have been duped once—that was not my fault ; if 1 am duped again I thall enly have myself to blame . You , it appears , are anxious to be duped a second time . I am not . As to Mr . Gisborne's election , I have the same reasons to advance for my conduct upon that occasion . Ho was the adopted of the Chartists of Nottingham . He was pledged to the support of every point of the Charter . He was recommended by that best of men , Mr . Duncombe , who went to Nottingham to aid in his return ; and he was opposed by a Tory ; and I further pledge myself now , that Mr . Gisburae will vote for every point of the People ' s Charter .
Further on i ou &ay : " Such were the grounds on which we supported the scheme of Mr . Crawford . We neither repudiated our general policy , equivocated in sentiment , nor compromised principles . Yet Mr . O'Connor would consider the parties who had approved this measure as being the apologists of millocratio "tyranny ; the unconscious dopes of the pro-1 ' ree Trade League , or the unprincipled traitors to unsullied Chartism . He adduces no facts to justify his charges , nor could put his finger on a single act of ours which would sustain so uncalledfor a commentary . "
I really cannot account for the error that you appear to have fallen into , and for the necessity that you think yon labour under of defending yourselves against a charge which I never , directly or indirectly , made against you . Your communication was the veiy first announcement that I received of any two Chartists in the whole Kingdom haying acquiesed in the propriety of getting up an agitation for the purpose of backing Mr . Crawford in his English crotchet . I was aware that Mr . Sturge , in the name of his party , had tendered his co-operation in
support of his Irish crotchet . As , however , I was not aware of the position that you had assumed , I cannot be suspected of having assailed that position . And , as far as the body meeting at the Ship is concerned , I beg to express my sorrow that they should for one moment hate considered any portion of my letter , as conveying a censure npon them . Before I doee this communication , I shall put them in possession of iny reasons for having spoken so plainly upon this subject . You will observe that I am now dealing with those portions of your address which are wholly of a personal nature .
Further on yon say : " But in what consists the hopes of Mr . O'Connor himself , and what are the assurances he offers us in the same letter of our ultimate freedom \ what but the united efforts of twenty men which we are to carry into the House at the next general election , to prosecute the project Mr . O'Connor now ridicules ! ' * Truly gentlemen , you have so contrived to mix np a general with personal rebuke in the above passage , that 1 know not how to deal with it , otherwise than by submitting it for comparison with your proposition for effecting the proposed end , namely , the accompKsbment ef the People ' s Charter . The following is what you propose as a substitute . Yon say : —
* Never before , we assert , did any portion of the democratic members in the House concur in a measure of equal importance to the interest of national liberty . They have placed their services at the command of the people , not individual and isolated ser--rices , bnt their conjoined resistance to the progress of ministerial oppression—to the enactment of tyrannical measures for the destruction of our remaining liberties , and to secure the developement of national wronp and the public opinion of our country . There is something bo truly amiable , so simple , so childish , and so hopeful in the above passage that I know not whethw to be merry or sad at its perusal : merry at the idea that distant hope can so soften present suffering ; or sad that the notion that— "Doubtless the pleasure is a 9 great In being cheated as to cheat . "
Yes , yes ; at many and frequent times before did the democratic Members of the House concur in the necessity of the furtherance of equal , and of greater democratic measures ; but the misfortune has been that when the power of accomplishment was achieved , the necessity for conferring th « m upon the people has invariably been banished from the mind ! They have placed " their services AT THE COMMAND OF THE PEOPLE f and "not individual and . isolated services , but their conjoined resistance to the progress of Ministerial oppression . "
Children , children ; how could you be so simple ! How could yon be so foolish as to write so , even if yon thonght so ? Were yon not aware that the rest of the world would look upon your alliance as a monomania ! Aye , they "have placed their services " not "at the command of the people , " but so as once more to entrap , and entrammel , and slave the people . "Not their isolated , but their conjoined services . " Happy delnsion again J Who are they ? Perhaps yon may retort , and ask , Who are yon ? Do you Buppose that Peel , who now reqaires the supplies , or his party , who divide the supplies , will place their isolated or conjoint" services" at your disposal * Do you suppose tbat Russell , Macaulay , Baring , Palmerston , and the leaders of that party who may hereafter require those supplies for division amongst their friends and adherents , will join your friends in establishing so dangerous , so vital , so
starving , so withering , so killing a precedent ! Or do yon suppose that Cobden , Bright . Leader , Phillips , Brotherton and Co ., will join in stepping the supplies for the purpose of conferring that political power npon the working classes which will enable them at one and the same time to take the left hand of Peel , and the right hand of Cobden ont of their breeches pockets ! Are you not aware that Rnssell and the Whigs will iy to the cry of " our pockets are in danger , " and to the rescue ; while Cobden , and Co . would add the shout to the Whig war cry , " { aye and our profits are in danger , " while poor Sharman Crawford wonld be tied like a bear to the stake , pelted by all parties , who in his proposition wonld each recce nize an attempt at publio plunder . "Resistance to the progress of ministerial oppression ! — True , tine ; not to the oppression however which squeezes the taxes and the life ' s blood ont of you , and then throws yonr bloodless frame into a prison
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or a cold bastile J bat resistance to that opprsssion which allows others to do those thiDgs , which , while in power , they have done themselves , and over vchich they only mourn sow because others instead of themselves stand in the oppressor ' s shoes . And these are the men whose services yoa would put in competition and contrast with twenty of your own body , chosen by yourselves , and sworn , not to transfer , but to destroy oppression and for ever . By what magical process have you arrived at the conclusion that men enough to fulfil your fascinating anticipations are to spring up at your call , and to realize your hopes ! Is this your Christmas pantomime 1 the fairy world of which yoa hare been dreaming ? Pray what has given rise to the new-born conception ! Twenty men returned npon the principles that I propose would
be free from all suspicion . The people , whose servants they were , would have entire and exclusive controul over them ; and the difference between them and your men in buckram would be , tbat the one party would be at your service individually and collectively , banded together for the purpose of doing yeur work ; while your noble army of martyrs , should you even succeed in embodying them , would be united for the purpose of making you do their work . The detail anticipations from this pure and newly discovered spring of principle will best answer themselves . Yon look upon the project as one pre-eminently calculated to give a practical bearing and sudden impetus to the Chartist cause ; and yoa say that too know of no means so likely to effect this . desirable object as a co-operation with Us propounders .
Now , Gentlemen , I will tell yon of mnch better meanB of advancing our cause , if jou mean the Chartist cause . They are these . Let us do for ourselves just one half of what you propose to do for the furtherance of Mr . Crawford ' s project , and we shall be independent of his crotchet and bis party . Has it never Btruck yoa that the terms proposed by yoa , do of themselves stamp an insult upon the Chartist body ! What do you do ! You propose that we should give our undivided support to the
furtherance of their project , while in return you do not contend for any reciprocal support from them in aid of our principles . Nay , indeed , you address your letter " to ' the Radical Reformers of Great Britain ; " and throughout , your aim and object appears to pledge the united co-operation of the Chartist body to a set of men who have invariably betrayed and deceived us . Do you suppose that this co-operative Chartist support would be placed to the account of Chartism 1 or must you not rather come to the conclusion that all Chartist agitation would be swallowed up in the new more 1
I recognize in the proposition the very thing that I have always strongly contended against . I see the left hand of hypocrisy instead of the right hand of friendship , tendered to the Chartist party . I spit upon it , and reject it , with scorn and disdain . Whereas had I accepted it , and framed Borne plau-Bible pretext for doing so , I might have used it for raising the latch of some side door , and thnB escape from danger , anxiety , turmoil , and responsibility , while I carried with me the galling and corroding reflection that I had housed myself and shut the door ( upon my brethren . Gentlemen , it matters nothing to the purpose that you Bpeak to me of Sharman Crawford ' s honesty . I admit his honesty ; bnt I deny his power , even with yonr assistance , to
effect his purpose : while I further contend that the value ot his honesty is considerably lessened by his unmanageableness and self-conceit . Sharman Crawford lacks energy and force . You can impart to him neither the one or the other . Mr . Duncombe , upon the other hand , has force and energy ; and to his exertions , backed by the power which the whole people will cheerfully throw around him , I look for the pourtrayal and exposure of those grievances , which you consider it necessary to keep continuously before the House of Commons , and the denunciation of which will be in proportion , sot to their amount , but to the use that faction can make of them . All those passages in your letter declaratory of injustice , and long Buffering , tyranny , and usurpation , are but the daily rehearsals of the Chartist body , and need not have been nsed as an exordium to a democratic
treatise . I agree in all that you state under those several heads ; while I nevertheless contend against the tfioienoy of the proposed scheme for their destruction , or even for their correction . Having so far dealt with the general terms of your leUeras far as regards polioy , matters having mere personal reference , as well as those which I thought required correction if not apology , I shall proceed to the source from which no doubt the correspondence has originated . The following passage in your letter affords me some key to the whole affair . You say : " Whatever might be the merits or demerits of the scheme , no reference , criticism , or comment has ever been made on it by our Directing Officers , whose duty , -we believe , it was to have given an opinion , till last week , when Mr . O'Connor offered a few observations . "
Gentlemen , I deny that it was our doty as an Executive body even to notice the pimpioj nay , I assert that had we attempted to direct public opinion to it as a means of advancing our own cause , we should , and justly , have received a larger share of public abuse than we have recently received of sectional reproach for a fault which we were only sup * posed to have committed . It is true that some few weeks ago , I received a letter from Mr . Mason , of Birmingham , upon the subject , of which the following is a verbatim copy of that portion which refers to the present subject . He says : " My principal object in writing this note is to call yonr attention to the measures of policy proposed by Sharman Crawford , for
resisting the supplies m the enBumg session . This ism my opinion a question of great import ance , and ought immediately to engage the attention of the Executive . Our position as a party , must eventually become more hopeless unless we seize every event and subdue it to our own advantage . Sturge is making a powerful instrument of this project . He will raise £ 50 in less than two weeks in Birmingham for this purpose . Our most ardent friendB have given countenance to it . // is , say all , 1 a practical measure . ' This is the secret of agita ' tion—to show the people some projeot by which we can grapple with the Government and render the attainment of our cause a matter of strong probability . Their hopes are awakened—the expectations
of the people aroused—Bvery thing else is gainedmoney and exertion . Now remember you , this is a point on which we may unite with the Complete Suffragists without committing our characters ae ultra-democrats , or countenancing their other policy We can make this step of Crawford's a powerful impediment to the existing ministry in their attempt to oppress Ireland by their measures for military maintenance , as also to destroy their power through existing institutions , provided we throw oar influence into the undertaking ; while our silence , should it succeed sufficiently to open the road to subsequent measures , will injure ns incalculably . Should « , however , fail for want of popular support we must suffer even more from the od ' um our apathy
will incur . It would , besides , if well managed , do much to advance our organization and secure an important Conference , which I hope would lay down some great political measure to arouse the national energies . These measures ought to be fully projected before its meeting . I will write to you again on this subject . Why then can the Executive not issue a powerful address , Betting forth the merits of the intended resistance to the supplies , and call upon the Chartists in every locality to send deputations to the Complete Suffrage Councils where they do exist , and offer co-operation ; and where there is none , to proceed at once to get up meetings—to adopt petitions , setting forth their grievances , and have them placed in Mr . Dnnoombe ' s hands for presentation , to secure the debates on snpplies for
discussing the merits of the said petitions 1 We might have 400 petitions prepared before the meeting of Parliament . The means would be easily raised . New hopes would also be excited , and thousands who will not organise because they can see no benefit likely to be derived from a mtre organisation will nevertheless behold in this something which an organisation is required to accomplish ; and consequently will again offer their services in any form likely to do the most good . I hope I have said enough to impress upon your mind the importance of this measure . If we would redeem our position we must turn every event to a useful account . In conclusion , accept my most sincere respect , and believe me , M Yours faithfully . *» J . Masok . " Now , Gentlemen , comparing the leading features in the above letter with those most prominently developed and relied upon in your address , you will not say that I hare come either to an irrational or unfair conclusion in supposing Mr . Mason himself to be the putative father of your child . You Bay that the Execntvve Bhould have given an opinion . Mr . Mason wrote for it , and to this point I shall first apply myself . I did communicate Mr . Mason s letter to the Executive : and for the following reaB-onB they refused to notioe it , either publicly or privately : —publicly , because they , or , to Bpeak fVjrlj , we , as the body were unanimpuB in regarding \ t as matter in nowise connected with the . cause of
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was holden in the same room , and was well attended . After Tea , recitations , songs , and other amusements were kept up until a late hour . ' ROYTON . —Two lectures were delivered iu the Chartist room , on Sunday last , the 24 th . inst ., by £ Ir . James Leach , ot Manohesser , who gave general satisfaction . A few more suob , lectures and ther , Roy ton will have gained the position it formerly occupied .
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Merthyr-TYDVIZ .. —The Chartists of Merthyr Tydvil held their annual festival on Christmas Day , that being the anniversary oft the day of the Chartist agitation in Merthyr five years ago . Mr . Matthew John was unanimously elected to the chair . The following toasts were drunk and ably responded to : — " The Rights of Man ;"— " The March of Intellect ;"— " Washington ;"— Wat Tyler ; " — " The Press ;"— "The Exiled ; Patriots . " On Monday evening , Jan . 1 st , the following rote of thanks was unanimously passed to Mr . Roberts : — " That we , the Chartists ! of Merthyr Tydvil , tender our wannest thanks to the noble patriot . W . P . Roberts , Esq ., for his unceasing exertions in behalf of the sons of toil , and also hail with delight the noble triumph gained by him in liberating the colliers imprisoned for attempting to defend the rights of labour . ' ! i
TRURO ( Cornwall . )—At a meeting of the Chartists , at the bouse of Mr . Wm . Fare , Goodwin-lane , Mr . J . Longmind proposed , and Mr . Edward Ashbura seconded— " Tbat we award our grateful thanks to the Executive , for their having Bent amongst the rough diamonds of Cornwall , ae able , straightforward , and talented a lecturer , whose conduct has met with universal admiration ; " carried unanimously . We have commenced collecting the National tribute . DUMFRIES . —Although , of late , oar proceedings have not been given to the world weekly , we have not been wholly idle in this locality . What with beating up for recruits , dividing those already enlisted into sections , or classes , appointing leaders over each , framing bye-laws , generally working out the new ! Plan of
Organization as far as possible , we have been pretty busy . We have also sent one remittance to head quarters , and are at present busily engaged in collecting our quota of tr ibute" money . A week or two ago , a conple of addresses , respecting Sharman Crawford ' s motion for stoppage of the supplies , were laid before the council for their approval ; bnt tbat body wisely refrained from meddling in the matter . In questions like that of a general , rather than a local nature , the Executive , or at least the more populous districts , ought undoubtedly to be allowed the initiative . The Leagae meetings to which I alluded in my last communication , are ,
apparently , to be close ones ; so that we shall be baulked of our anticipated triumph . This is a ; new dodge ot the League , adopted since the common sense of England was so unequivocally directed against them . They call meetinges to which admittance is by ticket , or more generally by the . payment of a Bum of money , which nine-tenths of the working classes oanaot afford to give . If , by chance , a stray Chartist finds his way into such a gathering , and attempt to answer any of the mendacious fallacies of the orator , he is bundled neck and crop out of a meeting where there is no place for any one whe is not " all for himself in this world . "
SAXJTORD . —The Chartists of Salford met in their room , Great George-street , on Sunday evening , to hear a lecture from Mr . Kanbin , who delivered a short and energetic address on the principles of Chartism . On Monday , a number of members and friends met in the Chartist Room to regale themselves with an excellent dinner . Ou the cloth being removed , Mr . Miller was unanimously called to the chair , when the following toasts were given : —The people , the ] source of all power . " Mr . Doyle responded in a neat speech . " The People ' s Charter : and may it speedily become the law of the land . " Mr . M'Farlane responded in a sound and argumentative speech . " The Batepayers Association of Salford : and may it prove the means of re * moving all the local abuses of the borough . " Mr . Stork and several other persons responded . The company adjourned about twelve o'clock at night , highly delighted with the evening's entertainment .
KENXLWORTH— A meeting of delegates was held on Snnday last , at the Green Man public house , to form a distriot , to be called , the Coventry District There was a good muster of delegates present from the surrounding towns . Mr . Parker , for Coventry ; Mr . Hodgson , Warwick ; Mr . Town , Kenilwortb ; Mr . Pattrell , Leamington . Mr . Parker was called to the chair ; and Mr . Hodgson elected secretary . It was moved by Mr . Pattrell , and seconded by Mr . Gilbert , " That it is both practical and desirable to form a District , for the purpose of disseminating the principle * ef the People ' s Charter . " Moved j by Mr . Hodgson , seconded by Mr . Dixon , " Tbat the next delegate meeting be held on Sunday , the 14 th o £ January , 1846 , at the Squirrel , Little Park-street , Coventry , at ten o'clock , -when delegates are expected from the following places : —Rugby , Nuneaton , Stratfotd-upon-Avon , Bedworth , and all other towns in the neighbourhood . "
IiONDON . —Hamjikrsmith . —A meeting of Chartists and their friends was held at . the Black Bail Ion , on Tuesday evening , January 2 d . Mr . Smith was called to the chair . Mr . Stallwood then delivered an address on the gre « t utility and advantages of the National Tribute , whioh was well re aponded to , each person present subscribing to the same . This locality is Increating in number . j City . —On Tuesday evening , Mr . Skelton delivered an eloquent address in the Hall , Turnagain-lane . New Chartist Hail fob the West of London . —The Chartist Boot and Shoemakers ! meeting at the Golden Lion , have determined upon the election of a suitable meeting place . The funds to \» raised by shares of 2 s . 6 d . each . A number of Bhares are already taken up . Mr . W . Grovev is elected Treasurer ; Mr . A . Hunmibal , Sscretary . <
South London Chartist Hall .- —The memb «» of the above locality met on Monday evening , when after the transaction of the local business , a subscription was Bet on foot for the National Tribute , which amounted to fourteen shillings ; and jit is hoped the members who have not already subscribed will do so on next Monday evening . \ BRADFORD . —On Sunday evening the members of the Counoil met in their Room , Butter worth's BaildiagB , when it waa resolved " That the sum of 2 d . per member should be levied , and that each locality do bring In the amount bo the next council meeting . " The meeting adjourned to Sunday next , at sis o ' clock in the evening .,
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* 6-The Chartists . of Mannikghah held a Soiree fa the School Room , on Monday evening , when a number of the Chartists , with their wives and daughters , were present Several toasts and sentiments were responded to in a very eloquent manner . The Chartists op Geoege-Stbeet met In their Room on Sunday morning , and made a collection tot National Tribute , On Mondat Evening , Mr . Kydd , of Newcastle , lectured in the large room , Butterworth ' s Buildings , on the Funding and Banking System . Mr . Kydd very ably handled his subject , and received the thanks of the meeting .
The Chartists of Little Hobton met in the School Boom , Park Place , on Snnday morning , at tea o'clock , when all those members who had paid up the quarter ' s contribution received fresh cards of membership . Those persons wishing for cards are requested to attend at ten o ' clock on Sunday morning next
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London—Libbration op Mr . George White . — The following meetings will be holden :- A grand festival , consisting of dinner , concert , and ball , at the Hall , Turna « ain-lane , on Monday next , January 8 th , 1844 . Dinner on the table at four o ' oloct . Feargus O'Connor will take the ehair . Towbr Hamlets—A public meeting in the Hall of Science , on Tuesday , Jan . 9 th , at half-past Beven precisely . Soothwark and Lambeth—A public meeting m the New South London Chartist Hall , Blackfriararoad , corner of Webber-street , on Wednesday evening , Jan . 10 th , at half-past seven o ' clock . Mabylebonb . —At the Mechanics' Institutioc . Circus-street , New-road , on Thursday evening next-Jan . 11 th , at six o ' clock . Mr . White will attend and address each meeting .
Knightsbridge , Brompton , and Chelsea—Mr . Alfred Hannibal will deliver a public lecture at the Roebuck Tavern , Leader-street , Chelsea , on Taesday evening next , Jan . 9 th , at eight o ' clock . Saint Lukes '—A public concert will be holden ft * the Cannon coffee rooms , Old-street , City-road , on Tunday evening next , for the benefit of the political -rtetims . , Hall . Tuknagain Lane—Mr . John Dowling will deliver a public lecture on Tuesday evening , Jac . f ( h , at eight o ' clock . Bethnal Green—Mr . W . Grover will deliver an address at the Weavers' Arms , Pelham-street , Brick-lane , on Sunday evening next , Jan . 7 th , at half-past seven o'clock . Sombhs Town—Mr . Shelton will deliver % public address in the Large Room at the Bricklayer ^ Anns Toubridge-street , Cromer-street , on Sunday Ivening ( to-morrow ) at half-past seven .
FiNSBURY—Mr . John Dowling will address a public meeting in the Providence Coffee Rsoma , Little Saffron-hill , on Monday evening , Jan . 8 thV at eight o ' clock . City op London . —Mr . P . M'Grath , president of the Executive , will deliver his last publio lecture previous to . his departure for the country , in the ball , Turnagain-lane , on Sunday evening next , ( tomorrow ) January the 7 ch , to commence at seven o'clock precisely . Wbstminsteb . —A publio lecture will bedeliverd by Mr . Illingworth , in the large room of the Golden Lion Tavern , Dean-street , Soho , on Sunday evening next ( to-morrow ) at half-past seven ,
Southwark .. —The adjourned open publio discussion on the Repeal of the Corn Laws will be resumed at the South London Chartist Hall , Blackfriars-road , on Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clock precisely . South London Chartist Hall . —The shareholders of the above hall are requested to meet on Friday afternoon , January the 7 th , at three o ' clock , Mr . O'Brien will lecture at the above hall on Sunday evening next , at seven o'clock . London . —A Discussion will take place in the Working Men ' s Hall , 29 j , Mile End-road , on Sunday morning next , at eleven o ' clock . A Lecture will be delivered in the evening * by Mr . Gale .
Tower Hamlets . —A general meeting of the members of this locality will be held at Mr . W . Drakes , the Standard of Liberty , Br ick-lane , on Sunday evening next , January the 7 th , to take into consideration the best means of collecting the National Tribute . The General Councillors residing in ihe Tower Hamlets will meet at Mr . Smith ' s the Weaver's Arms , Lower Pelham-street , Mile End , New Town , on Sunday afternoon , at five o ' clock . The United Boot and Shoemakers will meet at the Cannon Coffee House , Old St . Lukes , on Sunday evening , January the 7 th , the chair to betaken at seven o'clock . On Tuesday evening , January the 9 th , the birthday of Thomas Paine , will be celebrated by a concert , to be held at the above place . Proceeds to go to the Victim Fund .
Greenwich and Dbptford Locality . —Mr . Q . White will deliver a lecture to the members of the above association , at the George and Dragon , Blackheath Hill on Friday evening , January the 12 th . Chair to be taken at seven © 'clock . Salford . —On Sunday evening next , Mr . Donnavon will lecture in the Association Room , Great George-street , Salford , at half-past six o'clock . Preston . —A public lecture will be given in the Hall of Science , Upper Walker-street , on Tuesday evening next , the fth inst ., by Mr . Bairstow . Subject— " Labour's WroDgs and Labour ' s Remedies . " Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock .
Halifax . —A general meeting will be held in the Chartist Association Room , Pellon-lane , at eight o'clock on Monday evening , the tth inst ., for the purpose of making the first deposit for a local land fund . The committee pro tent , are requested to meet at two o'clock in the afternoon of the 7 th inst . in the above room . Mr . A . Hanson will lecture in the above rooms on Sunday ( to-morrow ) evening , " at six o ' clock . Bury . —Mr . Samuel Kidd will deliver two lectures ou Sunday next , in the Garden-street Lecture Room , at half-past two in the afternoon , and at six in the evening .
Sheffield . —Mr . West will deliver a lecture in the Room , Fig Tree-lane , on Sunday evening , at half-past six o ' clock . A Ball and Concert , for the benefit of Mrs . Ellis , will take place , in the Room , Fig Tree-lane , on Tuesday , the 8 th inst ., at seven o ' clock in the evening . N « ttin « ham . —Mr . Pepper will preach in the Democratic chapel , on Sunday evening , at Six o ' olook . Mr . Me . Gram ' s route for the ensuing week—Nottingham , Monday ; New Radford , Tuesday ; Carrington , Wednesday ; Arnold , Thursday : Holland ' s Temperance Hotel , Hockley ; and Nottingham on Saturday evening . Hetwoo » . —The ChartiBts of this looaiity are requested to meat in their room , Hartley Street , on Sunday night next . Lockwood . —An adjourned meeting of the Chartists of the Huddersfield District , will be holden in the Democratic Institution , on Sunday next , at one o ' clock in the Afternoon . Business of importance will be brought forward . Each locality is requested to send a delegate .
Loughboroogh . —A delegate meeting will be held on Sunday , January 14 th , at the house of Mr . T . Swan ' s , Bass ' s yard , Wood Gate , at three o ' clock in the Afternoon , when a letter from Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., is expected . The neighbouring villages are requested to send delegates , and not neglect the National Tribute . Rochdale . —Mr . William Williams , of Oldham , will deliver two Lectures on Sunday , the 7 th instant , in the Chartist Association Room , Mill Street , at half-past two o ' clock in the Afternoon , and six in the evening . A Tea Party and Ball will be held in the Assembly Room , Toad Lane , on Tuesday , Jan . 8 th . After tea Me Kidd , of Newcastle , will address the meeting .
Ashton ? under-Lynb . —Mr . C . Doyle , from Manchester , will lecture in the Charter Association Room , Beatick-street , on Sunday evening next , at six o'clock . Oldhah . —On Sunday , ( to-morrow ) Mr . M'Cab * will lecture in the Chartist Room , Greaves-street , at six o ' clock in the evening . Carrington . —The Chartist friends of the Carrington locality , are respectfully informed that the new cards of membership will be ready for delivery « n Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clock , at the New Inn , Carrington . All persons friendly to the cause , are respeotfully solicited to attend . Birmingham . —Liberation o * Geoh « b . Whjtb . — An open-air meeting will take place at'the Railway Station , Duddeston-row . at one o ' clock , on Monday January 15 fh . ... . „ be held the
A grand tea party and ball will m evening , at the Mechanics' Institution * in honour of Mr . White . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., will attend . . Bradford . —On Sunday evening , the members of the Council will meet in their room , at s « oJtoloBk . The Chartists of the Central Locality will meet in the Counoil-room , on- Sunday morning , at ten The Chartists of Bowling Back-lane , will meet on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock , and at two in tat The Chartists of White Abbey will meet in tha Chartist School-room , on Monday evening , at eight o ' clock . Leeds—Mr . Wm , Ducoa , from Manchester , will deliver two . lectures to-morrow ( Sunday ) in the afternoon at half-past two , and in the evening atv half-past six o ' clock , in the Bazaar , Briggate . .
Mb . John West , from Sheffield * will leoinrain the Bazaar , on Sunday and Monday , Jan . 14 th and 15 th ; and Mr . Saml . Kidd , late of Glasgow , will lecture on Sunday and Monday , Jan . 21 st and 22 nd at the same place . ' V '¦' • Mb , Clark ' s Route . —Monday , PJymouth ; Tues day , Davenport ; Wednesday ^ Modbury \ Thursday Kingabridge . ; Friday , Buokafstleigh ; Saturday , Ash burton .
New Woollen Cloth And Tailors' Trimming Establishment, | 37, Briggrate. Leeds. And Market Place. Darlington.
NEW WOOLLEN CLOTH AND TAILORS' TRIMMING ESTABLISHMENT , | 37 , BRIGGrATE . LEEDS . AND MARKET PLACE . DARLINGTON .
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . . O'CONNOR . National tribute . £ s . d . From Rochdale , per W . Carson 0 14 6 Mr . Liysey , per do . ... 0 1 0 Mr . William Corbet . per do . ... ... ... 0 1 0 Mr . Jas . Carson , per do . 0 1 0 Mr . John Furbesbam , per do . 0 2 0 Mr . George Walker , per do . ... . * ... 010 Mr . Edward Murrey , per do .. 0 10 FOR EXECUTIVE . Dundee , per T . B . Donald 0 6 4 Bristol , St . James , United Chartists ... 0 C 0 Yeovil , per Marsden ... 0 2 2 Bradford 0 10 10 Alva 0 6 6 SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BY MR . CLEAVE . roR victims . Chartist Singera , Stockport 13 6 A Friend 0 16 Mr . G . LarkinB , Waiworth 0 2 0 Cap of Liber ty , Brighton , ' per Mr . Flower ... 0 10 0 FOR EXECUTIVE . Chapel Locality , Nottingham 0 2 6
Halifax 0 3 2 Sowerby , No . l 0 18 Ditto , No . 2 . ... ... 0 3 4 Lower Warley 0 11 Oveadeu ... ... ... 0 1 t Siddal ... ... — 0 11 A Friend , Halifax ... 0 0 6 J . R ... 0 0 6 Tribute from the Cap of Liberty , Brighton , per Mr . Flower 10 0 Tribute from Bilston , per Mr . Jones ... 0 10 0 FOR MR . M ' DOUALL . A Friend 0 10 Mr . Ford , Knightsbrige . 0 10 A Friend ... ... 0 10 FOR MRS . ELLIS . Mr . Ford , Knightsbridge 0 1 0 Chelsea ... 0 10 A Friend 0 10 FOR MR . PRESTON . A 73 yeara' ( old veteran Radical , Brighton , to the veteran Radical of 74 years 0 1 10 RECEIPTS BY GENERAL . SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . Bradford localities ... 0 12 2 Cannon Coffee-House ... 0 3 5 Merthyr Tydvil ... 0 8 4 Carlisle 0 10 0 Birmingham 0 8 4 FOR CARDS . Hammersmith 0 2 4 NATIONAL TRIBUTE FUND . Lambly , Notts , per Mr . Sweet ... 0 5 0
Byron Ward , do . ... 0 £ 0 H . W . St . Panoras ... 0 2 6 Mr . Loft , city ... ... 0 16 laECEtPTS OP MR . Jt'GRATH FOB CARDS . Northampton ... ... 0 10 $ Birmingham — ... 0 C 10 Bilston ... 0 9 2 Longton ... 0 5 4 Stockport ... ... 0 12 0 Stockport Youths ... 0 8 4 Northwioh ... ... 0 12 Congleton 0 18 New Mills 0 2 4 MacolesBeld ... ... 0 9 10 Hanley ... 0 8 10 Coventry ... ... 0 0 6 Errata in last week ' s , list for Oldham : —Males 8 s . 4 d . read 6 s . 8 d . From many towns , including Sunderland , South Shields , Bury , Wigan , &o ., subscriptions have been received , and they are entitled to renewed cards of membership ; but having \ neglected to send their nomination of council , I have no means of communicating with them ; other towns have sent monies ; but neglected to assert definitely , the object to which it was to be applied , I would , therefore , thank any sub-Secretary , who may be entituled by payment of subscription to new cards , to send me the particulars respecting the same , and they shall be duly remitted . Thomas M . JWheeler , Secretary .
Cfearttet Kntdlisence.
Cfearttet Kntdlisence .
4fwtt)Corams Cfjartfel Tfflfectftig*.
4 Fwtt ) corams Cfjartfel tfflfectftig * .
To Richard Cobden, Esq^ Mj≫.
TO RICHARD COBDEN , ESQ ^ MJ > .
Moste Tided.—Aceonnts From Monte Video Of October 18, State That The Town Was Besieged And Blockaded, That Admiral Brown Bad B?Nt Notice A
Moste Tided . —Aceonnts from Monte Video of October 18 , state that the town was besieged and blockaded , that Admiral Brown bad B ? nt notice a
daj or two previously to the different CodeuJs , and that it was his intention to enforce the blockade . The Brazilian Admiral had received orders to acknowledge the blockade , but the misunderstanding between Brazil and Bnenos Ayres , had not been healed . BsjGHTOK . —On Snnday night last we were visited
frith a tremendous hurricane , which lasted nntS the following morning . A number of large fishing boats have , -within the last few da 3 s , been fitted ont to proceed to Plymouth to commence the mackerel fishery , hut fortunately they had not started . The wind did tonaderahle damage to houses in exposed fitnatlons , tod , from ; the suddenness of the gale , it is feared several disasters have occurred at sea . About ten o ' clock yesterday morning the wind Inlled , and was succeeded by a fall of snow , the first we have had hert this winter .
Earthquake . —A letter from Regusa , Dec -4 , Kates that Ehocks of an : earthquake eontinne to be fen every day more and more sensibly . On the iboTe day a violent shock ; took place at half-past fonr ra the morning , and roused all the inhabitants . It ^ ss followed by a numberof 13 3 j 3 e j i > j ^> .
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Chartism : —privately , because Mr . Mason had most perseveringly attempted to engage our Secretary in a very long , ambiguous , and uninteresting correspondence ; and not being matter which we considered of a nature publicly affecting our cause , and not desirous of continuing an unprofitable correspondence , we abstained from noticing it , either as a publio document , or as a private communication . I acknowledged the receipt of Mr . Mason ' s letter , and I wish him to produce my reply to you . I cannot refrain from further assuring you that delicacy in some measure operated upon the Executive ; they feeling convinced that the publication of Mr . Mason ^ s letter would tend to lessen his influence with the Chartist body .
In the above letter Mr . Mason gives it as his opinion , " that we should pursue the prescribed course : " he further says , " it is , say aII , a practical measure : " But , Gentlemen , its progress , to my knowledge , had not gone beyond what was Mr . Mason ' s opinion contained in his " all say ;" And then his reasons are so thoroughly ridiculous and inconsistent . He certainly pourtrays grievances very vividly ; , but then he falls into the error in which you have persevered to the end , of anticipating beneficial results from an incompetent or partial tribunal . Mr . Mason ' s hope of securing an important Conference arising out of the new Organization is very
laughable , and is one of the very things which I most dread . I saw a Conference of the middle and the working classes in 1819 ; and I saw a Conference of the same classes in Birmingham in 1842 rand 1 witnessed the difficulty of preserving the life of Chartism from the middle-class destroyers , and the difficulty of rescuing it from the dangers with which they bad surrounded it ; and , therefore , from such important Conferences Good Lord deliver me . What I desire to see is a Conference of men who , when their business is over , will have to return to their work . * n d who will , oonsequenly , while in Conference have an interest iu the protection of labour . Gentlemen , I have bo doubt that Mr . Sturge may raise
£ 50 in two weeks , or in one week : but I have great doubts that he will raise it for the furtherance of your cause , or that he will bestow aoy portion of it upon those who fearlessly serve you : and believe me , gentlemen . that it is impossible to serve two masters . All that odium to which Mr . Mason supposes the success of ministers in their varied crusades against popular rights may subject us in the event of refusing to take the proffered bait , is all moonshine . The same opposition may be given without our co-operation as with our co-operation ; and the same course will be doggedly pursued , and the same results will follow until the whole Chartist body are as much alliveto their own interest as a portion of
them appear to be to the good opinion of our opponents . Gentlemen , portions of Mr . Mason's letter , do so strongly enforce the necessity of a certain line of conduct whioh has been so strongly reprobated whenever proposed to the Chartist body that I would rather not dwell upon it , further than to say that I will never court the co-operation of the Complete Suffrage Councils where they do exist , or offer co-operation where there is none , for any agitation except that whioh embraces the whole of your principles and the name by which they are known . Should the question ever reach that point when discussion is considered : necessary to test public opinion upon it , I shall most cheerfully meet
you before the publio of Birmingham , upon very short notice , and there enter upon its consideration with that temper and calmness so necessary to ensure a wise and deliberate verdict : but , gentlemen , I do not give to the u ALL SAY " of Mr . Mason that extensive meaning which he would impart to it . I shall hold Birmingham to be free from any portion of that censure which I admit my letter of the 23 rd reflects upon those who would co-operate with other partieB , upon the conditions and for the purposes and results mentioned in that letter . I do not retract a line , sentence , or word that it contains ; nor do I , nor have I , imputed to you those motives for which you arraign me ; nor have I
used the language that you would put into my mouth : although you say : — " Yet Mr . O'Connor would consider the parties who had approved this measure as being the - apologists of Millocratio tyranny—the unconscious dupes of the pro-free trade League , or the unprincipled traitors to unsullied Chartism . " Now , I never used any of those words , although tha impression conveyed to the reader is tbat I did use them . What I said was— " I look with pity , if not with suspicion and contempt , upon old birds who can be caught with Buoh chaff . "
In conclusion , and at the commencement of a new year , which promises to throw new lustre round " unsullied Chartism , " ' I beg , in the eleventh year of agitation and suffering , to assure you for myself as an individual , that I will never strike or lower the standard under whioh I hare fought the battle of democracy ; while , as a public officer , I shall be at all times ready to answer for my acts of omission and commission , to that only tribunal - in whose justice I have confidence , and to whose verdict I Bball ever bow with reverence , respect , and
resignation . I have the honor to be , Your faithful friend , as loug as yon agitate for un > sullied Chartism , and your most uncompromising enemy whenever you shall depart but a hair's breadth from the straight and denned road of principle . Fearous O'Conner .
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YOL- TIL ff 0 . 321 . SATURDAY , JANUARY 6 , 184 V . PRIC % , ' " ™ = £ £%£ ?
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^ s * ~~^^^^^ f ^^^^^^^ Fy ^ B > O ^ V / \^^^^ ^ h * I ^ H * ' ^ k ^*^ v ^^ P ^^^ . ^ B I , ~ ^^^ ^ " ^ S ^^^^ f ^ ^ H ^ m \^^ B i ^^^ A ^^^^^^^ _ ¦ 1 ^ H ¦ ^^^_ , \ - ^ J ^ > flH AND LEEDS GENERAL ADYERTISER . \
O&Dhahi.—On Sunday Last, Mr. Miller Lectured In The Chartist Room, Greaves Street, To Numerous And Attentive Audiences. On Monday A Tea Party
O&DHAHI . —On Sunday last , Mr . Miller lectured in the Chartist Room , Greaves Street , to numerous and attentive audiences . On Monday a Tea Party
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 6, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1246/page/1/
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