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TRTftT. OF THE IE.XSH CATHOLICS.
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THE JSORTHEKI* STAK. SATURDAY, JASL'AKY 13, 1844.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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2 Ti » ajTCE . —Za Reforme , which has for a long rime carried on a hot war against the fortifications of Park , publishes a petition from "Donjon ( Allier ) . which is to be presented to the Chamber of Deputies , snd "which tit recommends . & 3 & model to all those who intend to petition against the embastillement of ike metropolis . The petition , which is signed by the commander and all the officers , as well as by all the xespfe table Inhabitants of ihe commune of Montaignet , icuresents the fortifications as dangerous to Hbfcm , " incompatible with representative ^ Government " . md ruinwis to the country . It calis on the
. Chamber of Deputies to revoke the law , and in the mean Jmsto refuse any farther supplies for furnishing ihe foniScations , whether complete or not , with arms or ammunition , and to refuse the supplies necessary tecocDv ' ete the fortifications . It is a pity all these Sue t ' n . nss were not thought of in time ; now that the fbrtifUirions are two-thirds complete , it is rather too late to take these steps . If oae ^ half the energy had l > een A own in preventing ihe bill for the establishment of ihesa fortifications from passing that is now BhovrD to hare it repealed , xhe fortifications wculd sever Lave had existence .
Chahbeb of PeeeSj Mokdat , Ja >" . 8—At two C ' clotk Baron Pa »< jaier , the Chancellor , took the chair . Shortly afterwards , the Duke- de BroglJe lead io the Chamber the dranght of xhe address in reply iu the Kir . g ' s speech . Aficx ths Dtk ^ de Broglie had concluded , The Duke de Richelieu rose and entered into some expls ^ J . tion 3 respecting his iatc visit to the Duke de 3 $ ord-ax . He was , he said , a peer in 1830 ; he took ihe tc ; h at that time to the new Government , and lad i > -rer violated it . 1 / he lad gone to London to pay Li » respects to an unfortunate prince , he merely eoEKc-ied that he was accomplishing a duty of honour , and rejected vrfib indignation all idea of ha ving been icflaenced by any criminal intention . ?¦! . ^ Boifsy inveighed agauu : the foreign policy jDf the Government .
M . Dnbosciage and M . de Tijyrac afterwards -addrt-td the chamber . The la' -ter presented the Tindicition of ihe 2 , C 00 or S 000 Frenchmen who had ¦ visited the Duke de Bordeaux amidst tho murmurs t » f ihe assembly . 31 . Gnizot next rose and stated that the Governzcesi lad for several years kept a watchful eye over ihe t ovements of the Duke de Berdeaux ; that vihtsx -he young prince had repaired to Vienna , Dresden , and Berlin , where France had ambassadors , remonstrances had been made against his presence there , which were immediately attended to by the Governments of Ansiria , Saxony , and Prussia . "WhfE : he Duke proca&ied to England , M . Guizot tras-aware that in a country enjoying liberty and public , ty to such an extent the Government had not the fame means of repression as elsewhere . He ,
nevertheless had addressed a note to the English Government , by whom it was received in s manner ihat responded to tis expectation . The Queen of England refused io receive the Dake , and thus save him a signal mark of her disapprobation of h ; s visit and sojourn in her cominions . Encouraged , however , by the toleration they experienced in that free country , ihe L- gitimatins had indulged in rcandaious Ksenes , whi .-n excited the attention of the French Government . Is agsin applied to the British Cabinet , who prott ^ udiis regret at not being armed > vi th sufn - eieni legal meats of repression , but at the same Jimo i : manifested its displeasure in unequivocal terms to the authors of those scenes , and left nothing undone to convince them of its dissatisfaction at iheir criminal proceedin . es .
M . de Boissy , who spoke next , compared the emigration of M . Guizot to Ghent , in 1815 , with ibe recent visit of the Legitimatists to Belgrave-Eqcare , and pronounced ihe former to be far more criminal , inasmuch as it had taken place in time of ¦* rar , and on the eve of a battle that had proved eq fatal to his country . When he had concluded , the President announced thu the general discussion was closed , and read the first paragraph of the address , ¦ which was adopted without opposition . The third paragraph was carried , icilh an amendment in favour of Polish nationality . The Chamber finally voted ihe address , by a xa&jority of 115 votes rgainst 14 . SPAIK—Mr . Henry L . Bnlwer was presented on the 2 nd of Januaiy , to the Minister of Foreign Affairs , by M . Jernin ^ ham , the secretary of Legation .
The Dnke of Rivas is preparing to leave Madrid , for . Naples , where he is appointed minister . The Liberals of Madrid are Tery indignant at the idea that the Journal det Debats should give out that they wished for the return of Maria Christina to Spain . The Expectador strongly denies this assertion , and ask 3 when any such feeling wa 3 Ebown . The Castellano of the 2 nd ssys , that by accounts from tb . B provinces , received that day , there were Bymptomsin Eome of the principal towns of a pro-T ^ unciamenio , and that even in Madrid there v < -as a great degree of excitement , which the Government jrer ? ssxionsly endeavouring to'keep down .
Tii * Phare des Pyrenees states teat on the 30 th ult . tie Baron de Sleei and General Amet ' er arranged the terms of capitulation of the fort of i'igneras . One of Baron do Meer ' s aids-de-camp immediately started for Madrid , with the terms of capitulation for the Qseen ' s approbation . The fort would have been surrendered some time since , bu ; fixe Baron de Mesr did nd consider las powers sufficient , and he had therefore , in the fir ^ t place , to Eubmis them for the approbation of the Government . In cims £ qnence of this arrangement , hostilities have bzp-R suspended for ten days .
POSTURAL—The ordinary Session of the Cartes was opened by the Q'l ^ en in person on the 2 nd inst . Isot a solitary viva greeted tie Qncen ; asd but Tery few even uncovered . The correspondent of the Times say ? that Republicanism is daily acquiring fresh adherents ; and the friends of monarchy are in despair ! The speech was a very tame afi'tx—not worth a notice . GREECE . —Extracts fbom the Geeh ^ x Papers . —Aihess , Dec . 21 . —We nave bad stormy days here . Jfo sooner had the address of the National Assembly 5 n answer to the King ' s speech been pnW ; shed , than the opposition journals declaimed against that document in tb . e most Tiolentterms . On the otheT hand , a
translation appeared from the Cologne Gazette , in which it was said that tiia Emperor of Russia bad declared thath . 6 would not reneiv his relations with the Greek government until all the officers who had taken a part in the revolution of September should iave been punished . This was a mistake ; but the result of it was an extraordinary decree of sensation in the garrison . The greatest distrust was manifested of Mavrocordato , Kolefcti , and in geseral against all the men of the moderate parcy . In order to quiet the storm , Mavrocoidato proposed , io ibe Assembly to address thanks to ibe inhabitants and the garrison for the part they had taken in the revolution , and Zographos proposed to insure to the © facers full pay for life . —A vgsburg Gaxelle .
Athess , Dec . 21 . —Tee address on the speech from the Throne has been adopted , it is drawn np in a rery moderate spirit . Some amendments , proposed by a Email opposition , which demanded particular mention of the 15 ih of September , were rejected by immense majorities . In ihe capital and its vicinity some excesses were committed . On the 11 th an attempt was made to set fire to the ball of the National Assembly ; tni loriunately it was frustrated . On the 19 th the botx-L of the Minister for Foreign Affairs was burnt down- The papers smd archives were saved . There appears to be no foundation for the report thai the building was set DO fire . —Allgemeine Zeilung .
AFHICA . —Accounts from Tunis of ihe lOihult . Etate thai . Gen . Randon had returned to Bona , after having remained encamped during two months on the territory respectively claimed by France and the Government of the Bey . The General , however , iad left a sufficient force for the protection of that portion of the disputed frontier . The Asa Skander , < 3 ommander of Ibe Taaisian camp , had also retired . The Commission charged with the fixation of tho limits had terminated its labours . France lays claim to ths country as far as Cape Roux , between Tabarque and la Calie ; and the Bey runs his line from the wells of la Ualle .
Asfiivja € f the Cltdz with the West I : tdia XXD Mexicxk Mails . —Southampton , Ja >\ 9 . —The Clyde , Royal Mail Company's steamer , Captain Syaons , arrived this morning at eight o ' clock , bringing the following mails—Columbian , Mexican , and Weit Indian . Tie new 3 from Mexico is somewhat important and interesting , inasmuch as it appears that Santa Anna is re-elected president fora term of fire years . On the 14 th of November , when tho Clyde arrived » i Yera Crux , it was learnt that Saata Anna had Tisiied that place the day preTious , and that he bad had the troop 3 drawn npin the square , andhaiaagaed them . Ke stated that he had arrived for the purpose of inspecting the foriificationF , and that war ¦ with England was inevitable j thai he was determined to support the hononr of hi 3 country to the fullest extent , and would defend the Castle of St . would it
. Jnan de TJlc * in person , and rc = ign only ; with his life . About four o ' clock ia the afternoon , however , shortly after the bombastic exhibition had j taken pl&ce ^ a special messenger arrived that he had been re-elected president for a further term of fire years . The news was received by the military with great rejoicing and enthusiasm , but no , particular manifestation was made by the civilians ; on this announcement . The me-ment the inform- ] ation had been , oommnnicated , Saata Anna imme- ' diately mounted hia horse , and retcrned to his house in great haste , withont inspecting one of the fortifications , or taking further notice of the troops in any shape whatever . It is the opinion of the inhabitasts of Tera Cruz , that he merely made the demonstration for the purpose of securing his election , and that his denunciations against England were sheer bravado , and nothing el&s . Ths Mexicans had been engaged foi some time in putting all their fortifications into a tti » $ of
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repair , in the expectation that the British Admiral , Sir Charles Adam , would arrive , and give them , a dressing . Their preparations for defence were most warlike , and it was evident they expected a conflict . Fever had quite dipappeared at Bermuda , and health wa 3 completely restored . It was gathered as a fact that General O'Donnell , Captain-General of Cuba , was openly encouraging ihe revival of the slave trade at Cuba . Three large cargots of these poor miserable wretches had been recently landed there .
FOREIGN MISCELLANY . A letter from Hanover , of the 27 vh ult ., states that the master of the bounds had been murdered whilst hunting in one of ibe forests of the Crown . The crime i ? rapposed to have betn committed by poachers . — Globe . Russian Desebtebs . —It has been frequently asserted that the number of Russian deserters ( or fugitives ) from Poland is but small ; this , however , is by no means correct . Accounts deserving of credit state , that Eince the crs-ation of the cartel nearly 14 , 000 have come over to the provinces of Posen and Prussia , They are for the most part Tobuat young men , who are readily taken by the farmers as labourers , and are almost all employed . Gexebxl Espaktero intends , it is reported , shortly to leave England , Mid to take up his residence at Brussels .
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We have made arrangements to furnish our readers with the fullest and latest accounts of this now more than ever import a ¦ _; inquisition . Wo hope to publish Friday ' s proceedings in a Third Edition on Saturday night , which will reach Manchester and our Lancashire aud Yorkshire Agents on Sunday morning .
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" GLORIOUS PROSPERITY . " PEEL WITH OVERFLOWING COFFERS . —THE PEOPLE WITHOUT FOOD . The Quarter ' s Revetuo account has ju 3 t been published ; and on it the Tory pre = 3 are grounding * songs of triUiEpU" as to ihe beneficial results of the Peel policy , in bavins lanced us back again in the " good old Tory tim ; -s , " when ths national revenue wa 3 greater than tho national expenditure .
It seems cever to have occurred to these inconsiderate boatlers , that a very inconvenient question or two might be put , with respect to the " good old Tcry times ' and ibe excess of income over expenditure ; questions which , with all the power of face that faction caa give , the most unscrupulous amongst them vrcald fisd it difficult to answer . It is well known thit / or the last fifty yean , the Government of this most " thinking" Es ^ iand has been kindly conducted by the Tory party , foi the main part . And if it was a porlion of the policy of good old Tory
times" to secure an income over expenditure , pray how does it happen that the nation" should have iucurred a DEBT of more than £ 700 , 000 , 000 \ \ That debt was mainly contracted in the v good old Tory times , " aud by Tory governors ; and if ii bad been a portion of the policy of " good old Tery times " , as Tory writers wonld now have us believe , to ensure an excess of Income , how could it by possibility have happened that the nation incurred debt ? The less that is said abont " good old Tory times , "—if by those " times" are meaoed the time 3 of Pitt . Sidjiodth , CastleheaGH , and
" Pbospbeity Robi > -son , "—the better . It is the policy that was begun by Pin , and " carried out " by hia Tory succeesora ; a policy of " unnecessary " wars and extravagant expenditure ; a policy of loans and credit ; of griping taxation and worthless " rags ; " a policy of debt and disgrace ; it . is this policy that h&B caused all the suffering , want , privation , and destitution , that this most patient , industrious , and enduring people have had to submit to ; evils which threaten , as their ultimate consequence , to break up the bonds of civil society it&elf , and let loose the demons of anarchy and confusion .
Ah ! we have had to sniFtr from the " deeds and doings" of the " good old Tory times" ! Nor have we seen anything like the esd of those sufferings . To maintain . the Rotten Borongb system ; to keep political povcer in ths hands of an overbearing , insolent Oligarchy ; to put dowa the rising spirit of liberty in France ; io fores back on that gallant people a dynasty which they had overthrown ; to compel the North American Culoaists to submit to Taxation without Representation : to establish that "Union" with Ireland which is likely to cost so much in majataiaicg : to accomplish these thinga , Pitt and fcir cosdjjtors went to tear . A war expenditure soon out-topci the income : and
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" deficiencies , " much greater than those for which the WhigB have recently been twitted , were soon the order of the day . Loans were therefore resorted to . The labour of generations unborn was forestalled , and mortgaged , to enable the " good old Tories" to fight the battle against liberty . Ckepit , however , got a shake , and "Bank Restriction" had to be made . This produced depredated currency ; and to meet the increased prico of provisions , the salaries of all officials—the salaries of judges , of officers of state , and even the allowance to Royalty itself , were augmented by special act . Loan followed upon loan ; until the whole THING was in imminent danger of falling to
pieces from its own weight . At hist came " Peace ; but with it did not come the expected "plenty . " The people found that " loans , " although they might enable the " good old Tories" to prosecute the war against liberty with vigour , and to purohase heaps of " glory" and " renown , " and ' victories , " they would not permit the reduction of a war taxation to the former " peace" standard : and they further found that when they had to pay the interest of a debt incurred in a depreciated paper currency , with taxeB raised in a currenoy of hard gold , that distress till then unheard of ; destitution till then undreamed of , became the lot of Englishmen , who bad for centuries been famed throughout the world for their plenteous and happy condition .
It is ihe loans entered into by our good old Tory rulers , " with tho consequent " derangements" of tho currency , and the hot bed influence that that currency lias had upon the developemont of machinery : it is those loans and their concomitants that are at the bottom of the national sufferings , which threaten to overturn the entire social fabric And the way ; the one only way , to prevent that catastrophe , is to iook the question gf the debt and tho currency fairly In the face , and with a bold , but just , hand , deal wilh them I When our Statesmen acquire eourage to do this , they may hope to rid themselves of the imminent difficulties by which they are surrounded : but until they do so tacklo the real evild , they can but hope to stave off'iho end , with the strongest conviction that
" Come it will for a' that . " What have been the efforts of our Ministers of State for the last quarter of a century , other than those of slaving off ? The whole period has been one of alternate " Prosperity" and " Panics . " In 1824 we had "Prosperity Robinson" boasting of that" glorious Constitution" of things , which from its " ancient portals dispensed such manifold blessings among the people ;'" and in 1825 we had the bank crash ; the panic ! Upwards of one hundred banks toppled over . Never was trouble so general , or alarm eo greaf . It was by mere accident fhat the whole TH ING did not then go to pieces .
Well , the Small note Suppression Bui was brought into operation ; and down came prices again . The " prosperity" of Robinson had been produced by the suspension of Peel ' s . Bill of 1819 ; but now it was permitted to become operative . The consequence was that hundreds of thousaads of men were involved in ruin . The cry of distress was set up on all hands ; and it eventuated , in 1830 , in the " turning out" of the Wellington Cabinet , and in the instalation of the Whigs , with Earl Grkt lor their head [ The change operated to some degree on public confidence . It " rose" in a slight proportion ; and
" prosperity , " as it is called , was again somewhat manifest . It did not reach a high pitoh however , till after the passing of the new Bank Charter in 1824 ; when the making of Bank of England Notes a legal tender at all places except tho Bink itaolf gave an inspiriting to the system of Joint Stock Banks , and also to private Bankers , who now felt more safe from the effects of a run ; and the consequence was , a vast increase in papor " issues , " will all sorts of mad schemes of speculation , which speedily brought on another Panic , not so
immediately disastrous as the first , but of much longer continuance ; and really more severe in its nature . From that Panic we are not yet recovered . One of it 3 results was an almost empty Exchequer for the WhigB ; and on Peel taking office in 1841 , ho found it necessary , in order to enable him to pay the interest of the bebt , to resort to a a war taxsthe Income Tax , —in time of peace ! To raise the means to pay the national creditor his demands , by any other way , he found to be utterly impossible . Tne THING had just worked itself fast .
Yea ! we have had enough of " good old Tory times , " aud shall have , before we have done with them . Not that " W hig times" would , or have been , any better . In that respect both aro alike . In fact , it was the Whig portion of the aristocracy that forced Pitt the war ; those wars which made it necessary to obtain the loans . And when Gbanville came into power at the death of PiTr in 180 « , it is well known that the wars were prosecuted with greater " vigour ; " that the Whig Ministers evinced a greater determiuation , tbe short time they were in office , to contract loans , and impose
taxes , than even Pitt or Addington before them , or Pebcival or Liverpool after them . And wo need not remind the public , that during tho ten years the Reforming Whigs were in power , from 1830 to 1841 , they did nothing in the way of reducing the heavy and unbearable burden of taxation placed by the united factions on the shoulders of tho people ; but they added most materially to that di bt which has already wrought such astounding and terrific changes in the condition of tbe people , and which will moi-t assuredly bring down the whole THING to the earth .
No . The Whigs are not the men to deliver the nation from the difficulties and dangers to which it is subjected . Their policy , as far as the debt and taxation is concerned , is that of the " goodoid Tory times " of Pitt and Percival ' s day , and the now bad Tories of the present timo . On these questions there is an identity of intercut : and consequently an identity of feeling . All were , and are , National Faith men ; that is , they aro tor
forcing the nation to pay in a dear currency , or in cheap prices , the interest of an overwhelming debt , and the salaries of officers , and other fixfd charges ; a debt incurred and charges fixed in a greatly depreciated currency , or in DEAR PRICES ! thus shewing their notion of " National Faith" by breakingt violalingy every principle of faith with tuk nation 1 la this respect both parties are alike . Whichever rule the roast , poor John Bull must pay as long as he has a doit left .
Bat then he is now able to pay , as is evidenced by the Revenue return just made . That return shows a " surplus , " after the expenditure is provided for therefore the measures that Peel has taken to raise the means have been successful ; for they have pro . duced " prosperity" amongst us once more . The people are fully employed ; and their means of comfort must bo increased . This is evidenced by the increased revenue .
Ah I well ; it is only the old story . We have had " prosperity" before ; and we have had boasting We have also had a " surplus revenue ; " but wo never before had an Income Tax in time of peace : and had it not been for that Income Tax , where would the boasted " Burplua" havo been ? Nay » what would have been the ileficiency ! We may have " p rosperity . " We do not mean
to deny that we have . The " times" are " prosperous" to eome people . The mills are in good work ; Borne of them more than full . Times are " prosperous" for some of the mill-owners . The times are prosperous for Mr . Cobdes , whose ' print works " are in full operation , with reduced wages to the employed : THAT is their share of the " prosperity . " But if we have prosperity" we also have a horrible amount of poverty and destitution ? Iy it
prosperity that causes the agricultural labourers to fire the wheat slacks ? or " prosperity ' that causes so many to die for want of the necessaries o / life ? Is it " prosperity" luni took seven shillings a-week from the ws ^ es c ? the Todmordcn spinners ? or is it " prosperity" that has turned the lineu weavers of Barasley iato the streets to starve down
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to the reduced wages of the " prosperous" manufacturer ! Is it prosperity" that causes the horrible revelations that wo have weekly to make , under the head" Condition of England" ? Verily , it is It is " prosperity" that causes all this : a " prosperity'' as baseless , as hollow , as deceitful , and as evanescent aa any that we have hitherto had ! and which , if at all relied on , will land the confiding in the quagmire of ruin . But then the " surplus revenue . " Is not that something 1
Yes it is . And yet what is it ? Merely a proof that the Income Tax has been productive . The M surplus" does not arise from an increase in those taxes which are held to be indicative of increased consumption among the people : for if Sir Robert ' s " surplus" had had to arise from that source , he would have had to
" Whistle jigs to mile stones !" and had his trouble for his pains . No doubt but that he will meet the Parliament with a " eong of triumph" at the success of his measures . No doubt but that he will try to make the most of hia God-send ; and bless hia 6 tars that he has such a good slave-off . And how profitably , how beneficially , for all parties , mi . uht he employ tho breathing-time thus given him , were bo a
Statesman , and had he the courage requisite for the emergency . Bat of this there is no ground for hope . He has not the courage , even had he the knowledge . He has not the knowledge ; and thercforo nothing can bo expecced , beyond what the chapter of accidents may force upon him . And thus the THING will go on , until tho whole are overwhelmed in one common ruiu ! The times require more than hand-to-mouvh Statesmen !
But this " surplus . " Lat us see what the items of it are , and what is the amount . It is likely that we shall hear of nothing else for some time to come : for " a surplus" is such a novelty , even in these " prosperous" times , as to become more than a nine days' wonder . By the quarterly account of the Revenue then , made up to Friday last , it appears that—Tbe total income of the year ., ending Jan . 5 , 18 H , was £ 50 , 071948 The previous year ... 44 , 329 .
Increase for this year £ 5 , 742 , 078 This increase arises principally from—Excise £ 387 , 503 Property Tax ... 4 . 678 , 204 Miscellaneous ... 1 , 055 , 330 From which deduct a decrease in—Stamps ... £ 64 , 945 Taxes 83 , 106 PostOffico ... 13 000 Crown Lands 15 , 500 Total incoma of barter just ended £ 12 , 211 , 777 Corresponding quarter of last year 11 , 480 , 107
Exhibiting an increase for this quarter of £ 725 , 670 This increase was chit fly produced from tbe—Customs ... £ 552 , 879 Property Tax li ) 7 , 203 Tbe principal decrease has been in—Sumps £ 38 101 Taxes 17 , 306 Crown Lands 10 , 000 The inr-oascd receipts from the Excise for the quarter , uount only to £ 8 , 7 ti 3 . No very great proof of incrca ed consumption .
It thus plainly appears that had it not been for tbe Income Tax , and the Gcd-send from China included in tho item " Miscellaneous , " the deficit would have been woeful indeed . ' Tho Income Tax for the year in £ 5 , 249 , 260 . So , to say nothing of the China tuonoy , hero is the whole secret . Here is the " surplus . " Not that the whole £ 5 , 249 , 260 is surplus ; tor that is but bodqo half-million alter all ; but here aro the means that have made good the cxibting deceit , and left a trills over . But what
will Pkel do without the Incomo Tax ? Thz three years for which it was enacted are just about expired ! Will he re-enact it ? Will the owners of property let him 1 They will scarcely be as quieaoent in his hands as they were before ; tot they distrust him more than they did . Ho has sold them to Free Trado since they gave him the " War Tax ; " and " Agricultural Distress" is the consequenco ! Will thty again give him that War Tax 1 and if they don ' i what becomes of hia " surplus" ? and what will become of " National Faith ?"
However , let the Tories revel in the cry of " prosperity . " Let them hug the " surplus" to thoir hearts . Let them make the most of their unexpected and temporary position . We will uot disturb them . Times are coming , however , that will soon break down the illusion . The present " prospe'ity'" is not of long duration . Signs of panic aro already in the distance . Here is one held up to public view . Wiso will bo he who profits by it : — Failures in Arbkoatii—We are extremely sorry to state that several firms engaged in manufactures have
been under tbe necessity of suspending payments tbis week , and we are much afraid will be followed by a few more . We have not heard the amount of the linbilities , but it must be very large , and from the bad trade of late years , we are afraid tbe assets will bo very inconsiderable . The working classes had every appearance of plenty of work and ordinary wages , and from the generil lowness of provisions , were expecting a hotter winter than has fallen to their lot for some yearj ; but thsse unlooked for calamities have blasted all thoir hopes , and left nothing but misery staring them lu tbe face . —ilonlrosc Standard .
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same party ; and therefore what mignt have been prudent , politic , and consistent upon my part in 1829 , while influenced by false impressions , would now be imprudent , impolitic , and inconsistent in 1844 , with the veil of delusion raised . " Yes ; the English Government , by tbis declaration of war against a brave , united , and insulted people , in tbe hope of entrapping their leader , will go far not only to create an inordinate i sympathy for Mr . O'Connell , but will have the further tendency of mitigating , if not of wholly dissipating , the censure and reproach
to which his many apparent inconsistencies had subjected him . It will now appear to many who have judged , wo may say prejudged , Mr . O'Conneix upon isolated facts , that he knew his men , and judged them not go much from their deeds as from their inclinations , when the power to carry out their views with impunity should be placed in their hands . The mock sentimentality of the Evening Mail , backed by the legal simplicity and whimsicality of the Times , will avail the faction but little . The analogy betweeu tho Special Jury as at present struck , and that of a similar tribunal likely to be acceptable to tho " swell mob , " will bo looked upon
as a poor and puny subterfuge , rather than as a parallel case . ' The eveat was tho one , the only , thing to which the travelers could be expected to look ; while not only tho result , but the mode of its accomplishment and its moral effects upon society was the main object to which the attention of Government should have been direoted ; . aud while they were sedulously labouring to convince the world that ; many of tho respectable Irish Catholics had abstained from taking any part in the Repeal agitation , they have now convinced the world that every Roman Catholic ought to be a Repealer .
There is very little doubt as to the author of the articles which appeared in the Times newspaper , in reprobation of the non-interference of the Government with the Repeal agitation ; and Sir Robert Peel may yet learn that tbe man who had the audacity and folly to designate the Irish people as " aliens in religion , in language , aud in blood , " was not the one that he should have selected for his adviser and councillor upon Irish policy . Lyndhurst , as we long since foratold , has poked Sir Robert Peel into his present posit on ; a position from which neither the Devon Commission , nor the
plunder by which tho revenue haa been increased , nor yet the majority by which the strong Government is sustained , can release him . And although tho flattering state of the revenue may , to a certain extent , operate upon weak mind ? , yet we indulge ia the pleasing anticipation that even our present " prosperous" condition will not be admitted as a justification of the flagrant injustice committed against the , Irish nation . If Sir Robert Peel had looked for the moans by which the Whigs might be restored to office , he could not hare adopted any plan more likely to have lod to that consummation
than the very one by which he hopes to preserve his own iniquitous Anti-Catholio sway . Good God ! In the fifteenth year of Emancipation , and in the twelfth year of Reform , not to speak , of the vast improvements in the science of politics to hope to crush a rising nation iu a pettifogging ; olerk ' s office , and by a national insult 1 How vain ! how ridiculous ! how absurd How doubly so when permitted by a prime minister who has declared his intention to rule by
the law , and to administer impartial justice . In this struggle the minister , absorbed in the contemplation of his " surplus , " and relying on his largo majority , has not calculated upon English lore of justice ; but ho may perhaps find that whatever tho feelings of Englishmen might hare been under the prospect of a fair trial , that with the present attempt to convert political crime into " religious" sin , it will marshal itself on the side of the oppressed , and contend for justice to the insulted Catholio people of Ireland .
Before the striking of the Speoia ! Jury we should have looked to the State Trials with interest , we shall now look to them with anxiety , from a just apprehension that that which commences with fraud collusion and injustice , can only terminate in disaster and dissatisfaction . We trust that Englishmen , if before justly apathetic , will now arouse themselves , and show , in-as-far as they can , that they are no parties to this war of a dominant State Church against their brave and insulted Irish brethren . Hoi rah for Repeal 1 Hurrah for the Irish people ! And dowu with the hellish Tory faction who have dared to arraign a nation upon its religion .
Now's the day and now ' s the hour ! See the front of battle loar ! See approach tbe Church ' s power ! Chains and Slavery !
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It is true that even here he would find the principle of self at work : but wifh this difference from the other case ; that here it is an enlightened selfishness , not a thoroughly selfish selfishsess ; but a selfishness that embraces the interests of all elapses , aud looks to the well-being of . every part ; in the state . The operatives know that the principle of protection has worked well ; has enabled all to live well ; has secured to the labourer comparatively pood wages ; and to the employer living profits ,
They know also , that in exact proportion as the principle of protection has been supersceded , haa their condition become worse and worse , and the difficulties of all classes increased . Hence , their seeking for the restoration of the principle , and their inveterate and unswerving opposition to the efforts of the freedom-of-action men , whose " freedom" from restraint manifests itself in Reduced Wages ; Devil ' s Dust Woollens ; Paste-daubed Cottons ; and Cm Metal Cutlery .
Such , are amongst some of the sights that a strange ; would see , and the lessons that he would learn , did he visit us with his eyes open , and bis eats unclosed . And from those sighvs and lessons be would learn more of our actual cond . tioa than is known to most of our own people . Whether the knowledge thm gained would be calculated to inspire hope that the manifold evils which are now at \ vork , eating like careers into the heart of society itself , are likely to bs eradicated , is another question . If it bo true that
" a knowledge of the disease is half the cure , " ha must feel persuaded that tho profit-mongers hare much to learn yet , before they can even attempt to apply an adequate remedy . If hope was inspired , it would be by the efforts of the working mauy . There be would find something like a knowledge of the disease . There he would fiud something like a dig . position to seek a remedy , and apply it . There ha would find patriotism regarded ; and a desire to set our country ritiht manifested .
We have often said that the salvation of England depended on the exertions of the workia ^ classes . Every day's experience teaches the truth of that observation . It is there that yon meet with political knowledge . It is there that you meet with enlightened exertion ; and it is from them that relief is to coma . Their combined movements may exhibit them , selves in different phases . They may apply the increased knowledge they obtain in different wajs ; but sliil all tend to the same point : the I redemption of themselves and brethren from social misery aud political thraldom . And this object they will accomplish at last ! " Freedom ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed by bleeding sire to eon , }
Tho baffled oft , is eveb won . " Let the desponding , if any such there be , look to the glorious sight that oombined Labour now presents to his view ia the persons of the least-iw formed , worst-used , loast-cared-for class of labourors—the Miners of Great Britain ! Spending their entire existence almost ia the bowels of the earth ; buried alive , as they literally are , what op . portunity have thry to become acquainted with the causes of political evil and social disquietude 1 Forced
to toil unceasingly ; compelled to endure hardships which soon break down the body , to say nothing of spirit ; unbefriended , and almost unknown : a class of workers so circumstanced now stand before the world , and evince that even they know the cause of tho wrongs that scourge them , and that they can apply an adequate remedy . With this fact before their eyes , let no one despond . The causa of Labour will triumph at last , and " Old England ' bo herself again .
Let no one say that " this ia disgusting flattery . " It is but the truth . That it is so , we shall call a most unwilling witness to prove . No one will gay that tho Manchester Guardian is disposed to flatter the Workies . The contrary is well known to be the fact . Here , then , is his testimony : does it not bear us out ! From the sketch we have given of the daily proceedings of the representatives of the associated Miners , our readers may have learned something of tbe nature and extent of the differences which exist between this class of men and their employers ; but a little cariosity may be felt as to tbe men composing tbe assembly ,
to which the somewhat dignified title of " Conference " has been applied by themselves . It is known that , amongst the colliers of the Tyne and Wear , instance have not unfrequently occurred , of self-taught men , of considerable attainments in classical and scientific knowledge ; but , as a body throughont the kingdom , the Goal Miners have usually been regarded as more remarkable for their physical , tnan for their moral and intellectual powers ; and they have been characterized as possessing minds almost as dark , and mauners £ f rough , aa the scenes of their subterranean occupation . We must do them the justice to say , however , that their " picked men , " as Mr . Roberta , their attorney ,
( and who appears to have an extensive knowledge of them as a body ) , described them to be , were a credit to the class ; and a proof that those who sent them were not destitute of judgment as to who were likely to serve their purposes . The delegate ! from the counties of Durham and Northumberland , from some cause or other , were in personal appearancs more robust , and exhibited fewer outward signs of having suffered from hard labour or privation , than did some of their coadjutors from other districts . In their disenssiona , tbe most distinguishing feature was , aa might be expected , an ntter disregard of those " point * of order , " which are found so essential , and are so
carefully enforced , in meetings ef the more educated classes ; each speaker seeming to consider it bis andoubted right to rise as often , and speak as long , as his enthusiasm or his sympathy prompted him . Sat , with this neglect of " order , " there were often displayed a candour , an honesty , and apparent singl 6 ncn of purpose , which would havo done credit to an assembly of m « a much mote elevated ia statior . That they were not ignorant men , was evident from the information displayed in their discussions , and from tbe fact that a'l of them appeared to be able to take notes of tbe proceedings ; and a very large proportion were provided with memorandum books and pencils for tbis purpose , and dotted down their notes of the various propositions as they were submitted to the assembly . That experience has made them wise on
aome subjects , may be inferred from their scrutinizing inquiries into tho moral character and integrity of tbe individuals whom they selected from amongst their own body to act as lecturers . "If , " said one , of the Staffordshire Delegates , in recommending a candidate foi election , " the lecturer is of good moral character , thfl Staffordshire men do not inquire so much about the rest ,- but we must have men of good moral character to do this work . " In their discussions on this subject , it sometimes happened that the candidate was known , at Boms former period of bis life , to have done some discreditable act ; and , on these occasions , the question was discussed as to whether there was a reasonable probability of amendment , or the contrary . When there was ground for believing that the individual would not offond in future , a willing charity was extended towards him ; bat in two or three cases where
the lecturers previously employed Bad grossly misconducted themselves , either by misappropriating money ¦ which tney had become possessed of , or , in other way * rendering tbemselvea objects of distrust , they were relentlessly " caalled doon , " aa tbe chairman , in nil " north countrie" dialect , expressed it , and sent about their business . Politics were eschewed , even inithe disenssion of the proposition to establish a stamped new paper to be the property of the association ; and there seemed to be a unanimous opinion against strikes ,- ' except in extreme cases , —a farther evidence of advancing intelligence amongst the operative class * Aa a proof , however , that there is still a grest of
wan ^ education amongst the miners , we o » 7 staWrttaat according to the estimate of one of the delegates , out of the 32 , 000 members of the association , three out of every fonr are unable to read their na * atampted periodical , " But , " said another speaker , » reference to the same publication , "if we aro ignorant , let ua ahow , by supporting a stamped paper of onr own , that we try to become better . " Amongst toa delegates wsre included three or four preachers of toe primitive methodist and baptist denominations ; ana , as a contrast to these , there were net wanting one or two men of mirthful propensities , ready upon occasion to throw in a jest , which " set the table in a roar Such was tbe composition of the " -Cottiers * Conference ..
Is there room even for doubt , that labocr ' s cause will be triumphant , when the class of operatives having the fewest opportunities to improve them * selves , can call forth such testimony from a well known adherent to " the other side" ? Yes : it is to the working class that yon must go , for candour honesty , and SINGLENESS OF PURPOSE . Wete the profitmongers half as " intelligent ; . " did they possess but half tho political knowledge that appertains to the poor " uneducated" (?) Miners J and had they , with that knowledge , bat a modicum of the "HONESTY , " oar country would soon be what she ought to be : " The homo of the happy and free . "
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TREATMENT OF PK 1 SONEKS IN ROSS-SHIRE . A corresf nJtnt of the Scotsman gives tbe following account cf tbu trearn . ent of six persons accused of having dtfurctu the officers of the law , aud rescued two persons who Lad be » . ii arrtiil < .- ; on account of the riots at Rjskeen last Stpt-. mbtr : — " The warrants aEsiost tbe parties charged with tbe deforcement were pnt into the hands of criminal officers about twelve o ' clock on Wednesday ni « ht ; and , wjtb the assistance cf four or five preventiveservice nipn , they captured six individuals in bed , and carried them off to tbo old Bank-cffics . These piisoners , as they ¦ were brought in , one by one , were confined nenber in the front room nor in the back
room , but ¦ were thrust into a safe in the back room , which had been need for depositing the bank books , &c The whole six individuals wire locked into this place by two o ' clock on Thursday ' morning . Now , to show the inhumanity of such treatment , and what the £ tff = ring 8 of these men must havo been , let me just describe this safe . It is a timaJl chamber in the wall , strongly bniit of stose , and pared with stone flags . Its length is nine feet eleven inches and one quarter ; brtatith , tbri-e febt nine kiches ; and its height , six feet eleven icches . There is no window , nor any apertiiTB whatever for air . It opens by a door into tbe back room , lined -with iron , atti so formed as at the top and sides to overlap the wall , which iB cut or grooved to receive the door . The lock is cosed with iron , and
has no keyhole opening to the inside . From the construction of tbe door , tbe only place -where any air coulJ be admitted is beneath tbe sole of the door , ¦ which comes within a quarter of an inch of the stone flaor . Into this wretched den five full-grown men and a yonng lad of fourteen were all forced by tbs cfnceTa who capture 3 theia ; and it is easier to conceive than to depict thtir sufferings . Entreaties and remonstrance bad no effect In about half-an-hour one of the men wa 3 seized "with a fit of vomiting blood , aDdonthe ales of tbe otbtr men reaching the officers , he was taten out aud placed in the outer room ; bat no relief was granted to the others . The door was again closed npon tbe whole five , who seemed doomed to suffer that most horrible of all deaths—death from Buffocaticn . For seven long hours—i e . from two till nine o ' clock in tbe morning—were they confined iu this place . Once the door was opened t < e give one of them
a drink of water ; and again one of the officers opened it to see if the men were alive ; but it -was immediately closed . Tbe men could sol sit / itbe place was eo small , unless they sat with their knees eioucfeed up to their chin . One of them lay on the floor with his nose at tbe bettoni of tbe door , trying to catch a breath of air ; and the floor , it will be observed , was besmeared with blood ejected by tbe other man . The rest stood gaping for breath—getting weaker and weaker—and had they been kvpt another hour in this horrible place , few , if any of them could have come out alive . Fortunately for them , tbe Lord Lk-utenant of the county and others came about nine o ' clock to Bee the prisoners , and they were then taken out of tbe safe . On seeing the stata they were in , the Lord Lieutenant immediately ordered the Trindow of the back room to be opeued ' io give tbe men air . ' This window bad t-enc . o&ed tbe whole nighv .
" > "ow , Sir , I would jost ask if anything so inhuman , so horribly revolting , haa been besrd of since the atrocities of 26 so ? Hor do I kaov 7 cf anything in the history of that period "srhicb can fully parallel the present case . "We have teen long accustomed to shudder with horror at tbe very mention of tbe Black Hole of Calcutta , but we little dreamed that a scene of the sasie kind was to be enacted in oar own country in ihe nineteenth century . " One of the prisoners ibns confined was dismissed inrnifrdiately alter examination as perfectly innocent , and Etveial of tbe others -who were committed to gaol are able to prove that they had no coaccrn whatever with tbo alleged deforcement .
" The names of tbe sufferers are J . Thomson , shoemaker in Inver ^ ordon ; Jcbn Munro , ditcher , there ; Hugh Munro , alias Macrob , Ja ^ ourer , there ; Alexander Hunro , shoemaker , there ; John Ross , bouBe-carpenter there ; and Henry Munro , son of D nald Munro , fisherman there . The flret five cf thesd were , after undergoing an examination , cemmiit : d to gaol , and sent to Tain under a military escort on Friday afternoon . "
Trtftt. Of The Ie.Xsh Catholics.
TRTftT . OF THE IE . XSH CATHOLICS .
The Jsortheki* Stak. Saturday, Jasl'aky 13, 1844.
THE JSORTHEKI * STAK . SATURDAY , JASL'AKY 13 , 1844 .
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PROTESTANTISM versus CATHOLICISM . At Jone ; th , and at last then , tho real meaning of tbe State Prosecutions has been developed . Mr . O'Cc nnell and hi 3 Associates are now out of the question . Tho striking of the Special Jury to try tho Catholio religion , haa taken place . O'Connell has been already convicted by tho mode and manner in which this preliminary portion of tho bubiness has been conducted ; but authority , ia its anxiety to catch the man , has roused tho nation , nay the whole Catholic world ! Wo predicted that Faot'on would fly to the standard of the " Church "; and that tho Orange party would , despite tho best endeavours and intentions
of the Government , convert tho political struggle into a religious contest . So far wo were anxious to separate domestic feeling from ministerial interference : but alas , " what is bred in the bone cannot be got out of the flesh "; and tho Tories , jealous lest their Irish coadjutors should claim all the triumph , have resolved upon anticipating them by taking the first step in the " religiou . s" war . However we may have separated the wild acts of aa infuriate Faction acting upon caprice , uncontrolled by law , and Eeourein the indemnity to which their loyal professions would entitle them , from tho acls of the Government , we cannot hold the lattjr guiltless of tho acts of their own Executive , legal advisers , and minor officials .
Will the Times now say that the Irish people have no " practical grievances" to complain of ? Will the sticklers for "finality" now assort that Catholic Emancipation has been a complete measure of justice ! And can tho advocates for " consistency " still arraign Mr . O'Connfll upon the variance between his printed evidence upon which emancipation was in part , achieved , and his present disapproval of a state provision for the Catholio clergy ? No ! Folly has furnished him with this answer : — " I accepted Emancipation upon the faith of the Government , and with the assurance that it should iu truth be a measure of relief to the Catholics ; and , under such impression , I was not only
unwilling to throw any obstacle in the wa . y of the progress ef Emancipation , but , in tho hope of making it a complete measure , I was willing ^ to convince the Catholic people of Ireland of tho sincerity of the English Ministers , as evinced in their desire to place the Irish Catholio priesthood upon a level with those of the Protestant Church . But since the accomplishment of that measure , every act of administration has tended to convince mo that it was only granted in the hope of making it subservient to ministerial purposes , vyhiie tho recent assault upon the Catholio religion by the Dublin officials , proves that what was extrac ' od from party weakness would now , if possible , bj regained by iho increased strength of tbo
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STRUGGLES OF " CAPITAL" TO SUBJUGATE LABOUR . LABOUR SEEKING PROTECTION . The eye of a stranger visiting England at the pressnt time , would ba met by some strange and contradictory [ sights ; sights that to a discerning mind would go far to reveal the real nature of our present highly artificial state of society , and convince him that there is more truth than at first supposed in John Bkooks ' s celebrated apothem : " Lord love you ! we are all for ourselves in lh > s world . "
On the one hand . he would see almost an-entire class , the class who live by profits , engaged in a deadly struggle to rid itself of the fetters and restraints formerly imposed upon it by universal consent , for the protection of tho defenceless sellers of bodily labour . He would find them meeting in packed rooms , admittance to which can be gained only by ticket ; a knowledge that utter routing would bo the couseseqonce , were their meetings open , dictating the prudence of the 3 e precautions . He would find these parties subscribing their thousands of pound-, to purchase that which
a sense of justice will not accord to them . He would find them insolent , virulent , malicious , vindictive , overbearing , aud unscrupulous . He would find them filled with hate towards all that stand in their way ; and ready to rosort to all and every means to accomplish their object . He would find each one of them living personifications of John Brooke ' s truth— " We are all for ourselves in this worldj" for he would find , on enquiryj that a feeling of self ; a selfish , purely selfish , feeling of self was at the bottom of their efforts . He would find that , with them , the interests of their common country weigh very light indeed ; and Patriotism aocounted a very slender virtue . If
opposition to their own selfish views be interposed , a threat " that we will take our ' capital' to foreign countries" is [ as ready as you like . Having persuaded themselves that it will be of advantage to them to upset the principle of regulation and re * straint which has operated to the benefit of all ia ages passed , [ they have determined to procure its abrogation , no matter that the step will involve in utter ruin the five-sixths of the population dependant on agriculture for subsistence . And when reasoned with ; when shown tho spirit of abominable selfishness that actuates them ; when their actions are fairly traced to this [ spirit , they unblashingly avow it , and itry to brazen it out by their *• Lord ; love you ! we are all for ourselves in this world . "
On tbe other hand , he would find the sellers of labour sedulously engaged in seeking for the protkction which they have lost , and ia opposing the present efforts of the freedom-of-action men to abrogate what remains . > . He would fiad them groaning under the tyranny of their " friends "; manyfoodless , naked , houseless , homeless . He would find the most bitter feeling existing between the employer and the employed : the " mastery" being full of suspicion and arrogance ; and tho "hands" detesting the tyranny that scourges them , and hating the hand that inflicts it . He would find that the oppression to whioh theyjjhave been subjeoted has driven them to " combine" for self protection , and to seek for the more powerful protection of the law .
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4 THE NORTHERN STAR , January 13 , 1844 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1247/page/4/
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