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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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r THE TRUCK SYSTEM . I jijifl refnesi of many parties vre insert verbatim Ij-the Ad again ?* Tnitk , the clauses -which most ISfi afely bear on the dishonest practice , and j ^ tobB of u ? e In directing exertions to put the |!^ 68 down . It is gratifying to learn that in j ^ istrlcts of Ae cenntry voluntary associaaons Lrftdesnienare being formed to aid and protect L jroriing people -who inform and give evidence Lsissi the thieving Isw-breakers . This is the case L Lacester , as will be seen from the Beport of Uasl trials inserted in another part of this sheet , hi poor Colliers have had to suffer severely from y practice , particnlarJy in Staffordshire and in Edsnd . At length energetic steps are being tafcen j- M them of this grievance . The engaging of Mr . tjbertsas the le ^ al adviser for the whole body , J we areglad to learn , be the means of immediate cps to enforce tho Irm-k-lsw in all the Colliery s ssriets . To aid in that good work we here give is jaain portion of the law , that its provisions ^ j is extensively known , and as extensively CpEed , where reeded . The whole can be cnt ont Ccs & * V *?* 1 * where ii is DOt filed ; and pasted on ^ ^ taS lsaTes of writing paper , may be formed into ibaA for constant reference . 2 £ e dde of the Act ds 1 & 2 , Gco . 4 . c . S 7 . It was nisec on the 15 : h October 1831 j and is entitled : —
L jo PROHIBIT TBE PATKE 5 T , IS CERTAIS , JSADtS , OF Wi-GES IS GOODS OB OTHERWISE [ JHAS 15 THE CISiEXT COIJi OP THE BE AIM . lie preamble states that : — I T 7 iaeis It is necessary to prohibit the payment , in LjtJn trades , cf -wages in goods , or otherwise than in K correct cols of the realm ; be It therefore enacted f ihe Kir / s mast Exes-Dent Majesty , by and with ^ advice sad consent of the lords Spiritual and vr- 'sra ] . £ 3 d Commons , in this present Parliament
ESs Tjlea , and ty the authority of the same , that in tr Kstr 3 cis hereafter to be made for the hiring of any £ j 5 cr in any of the trades hereiE-after enumerated , tjattha psrfonKwsce by any aitSficei of any labour fc cj < £ the said trades , the -wages of men artificer fc £ be nude payable in the current coin of this realm * t , * ad not otherwise ; and that if in any such contract Jibole or aay pail- cf Euch -wages shall be made ^ jSr ia any xasaner oth er than in tfce current coin '' sigg , * ucs contract shall be and is hereby declared jbLhuII . srdToid .
lie second , third , fourth , fifth , and sixth clauses 2 jhas : — 2 , And be it further enacted , tW- if any contact sshsr to be made betweea any artificer in any of gaudy herein-after enniBErated , and hia employer , jprofision shall be made directly o ? indirectly rejsasg the place -where , or the manner in -which , or ipason or persors -with whom ^ the wbolo or any eef the wa § eB due or" to become doe to any such ¦ g-s shall be laid out or expended , sueb contract ; 2 be and i 3 hereby declared Illegal , null , and ci
EL And bo it further , enacted , that the entire zssH cf the wages " earned by or payable to any j ^ jsj = n any of the trades herein-after enumerated , speci cf any labour by him done in any such trade , q 3 be actually paid to such artificer in the corrent r » - j £ tHs realm , and not otherwise ; and every paystT ^ fle to sny such artificer by Ms employer , of or j 2 « d o ! any such -wages , by the dtli-reiing io him ! jxds , or otherwise than in the current cein afore' £ , EKspt as hBrein-after jaentioned , s ^ ni ] fee and is stly declared illegal , null , and -void . IT . Aad ba it farther enacted , that efery artificer : rrr of the trades herein-after enumerated shall be
i zlsd io recoTtr from hia employer in any snch trade , i ; £ e icaEiier by law proTided for the recoTery of maa * wage » , or by any other lawful ways and E £ ia , the whole or sa much of the wages earned by e irtificer in such trade as shall not have been aa 2 j psid to him by sach Ms employer in the caret ccsa of t * " » realm . T . Aad be it fnriher enacted , that in action , suit , ¦ sio 1 prcccsdicf to be hereafter bronght or comicerd by any sach artificer as -aforesaid , against his 5-oyer , for Ihe recovery cf any sum of money dne to
7 saa artscer as ihe wages of his labour m any of s Sadts hercia-af i = r ennmtrated , the defendant shall i . It - JiosttA to make any set-off , nor to claim any besttioa cf the plaintiff' s deisazid , by reason or in spec , tf any goods , wires , or merchandize had or re-^ Tei bj the plaintiff as t > r 02 account ol his wages , -or Ljtwsrtior his labour , or by reason or in respect of 7 roads , wares , or TnerchandJza sold , deliTered , or ztJkd to such artificer at any shop or warehouse , = pt bj ei belonging to such employer , or in the prcSts ' vhicii sczb . employer shall hs 7 B any share or
in-TL And be it fcrJber enacted , that no employer of 7 : rri 5 cer in any cf the tradeshsrelc-af ter enumerated iHiifB or be entitled to maintain any suit or action iry cenri of law or equity against any such srJScer , i a in respect of any goeds , wares , or merchandize ::. dsErereJ , ct supplied to any such artificer by any 1 csiCoyer , whilst in his empl * yment , as or on ac-^ ol fit wages ot reward for his labour , or for or in spstef as ? goods , wares , or merchandize sold , de-* K « 1 , or supplied to such artificer at any shop or taioase i-spt by or belonging to such employer , cr in 2 pn £ ts < $ which such employer shall haye any share ¦ inerert . T ; s eighth clause i 3 important . It provides that tjmzz : may be mad » in bank note 3 , either of the i ' -k of England , or of a priTaie banker , if the
' iznczx coxsESTS to becette THTH . Otnerwiss , ^ payment would not be legal , or the tender cl By the Bank Act in 1833 , renewing the ¦ ci Giarter , Bank of England notes were made i * ; esdsr at all places but at the Bank of Eng-SJ itself ; so it wonld be nnwise , becanse dan-^ ks , for a workman to refuse Bank of Eng--i vzj > sx ; but a 3 for accepting the notes of a f . n .: e banker , or the noiea of a joint stock bank , - ? jrment , it rests entirely with himself . Ha has ^ - ri ^ -hj and the power to refuse thed if he —c proper . The clause runs thus : — JHL ^ Provided always , and fce it further enacted , ~ lacing herein contained rial ! be construed to pre-~ or to rcnibr inralid acj- contract tor the payment , * ty tctoal paymtst , t » any scch artificer as
afcrer -. of the -srh . ls or any p ? rt ef his wages , either in ' Uai : thr Goviraor and Company of the Bink oJ ^* - ^ , or in the eot-s of eny parson or persons earryp t > 2 the busiaess cf a banter , aad duly licensed to fcff / t " - oifes ^ parsuarce of the laws relating to 3 j = rfy ' s revenue of stamps , or in drafts or orders a ^ ift p ^ ymsat of taoaey to tfi 3 bearer on demand , ^ V * - -J > --n any person or persoas carrying on the ~ - £ j cf a banker , fceieg daly licensed as aforesaid , _ - ; -- SJieen miies of ibe place where such crafts oi ^ J ^ iH be so paid , if such artificer shall be freely ^* : ESa S to r&cerre such drafts or orders as aferesaid , ^ -3 payments so made -with such consent as afore-^; ' - - ; any such nsits . -irsfis , ot orders as aforesaid , g- -or the purposes of this Act be as ralid £ Dd ef-*^~^ ^ s if tach pijafcnia had been made in the cur-F * - " - cf the ifc ^
ini-± -z T « naitiE 5 for illegal payments in goeds are as * X Ard I * it fnrtiier enacted , that any employer . ° ? artificer in any of the trades bereinaf cer enume-- *" i » -srho shall , by himself or by the agency of any ^ Pirs ^ n or persons , diieetly or indirectly enter - ^ 7 contract or maie aiy payment hereby declared Jj . \ hill for the first cfivnee forfeit a mm not ex-*^ S ' -en periods nor less than fire pounds , and for
* -: u * d on < : iis ar-y som aot esEceertlng twenty -oounds - * m than ten pounds , and in case ol a third offence ff fensploytr shall be and ba deemed guiJtyofa ^ isiesaor , an-J , being thereof con-rieted , shsdl be s ^ r 'V * ^ ' ° " ' ^ o ^^ e ^ of the court , so ^ fses EhaSl noi in cny case exceed the sum of f ^ jjaa rtd pounds . I - ** t clause directs how the penalties may be Peered : —
I ^ Aaabe it snacted , That ? D offeneea committed l ?*^ Uiis Act , and not hereiu-before declared a mis-| £ « = n « , shall be enquired of and determined , and nyjiaad penalties foi such offences shall be Ij ~;«* andrecoTeTed by any person ot persons -who t ^ » a £ for the same , before any two Justices of the g » hsTingjnrisdictioa witiin the eounty , ridinc , KL- te P 1266 ** * b : ch the off ^ ncs shaU have been r ^^ ted ; and that the amount of the fixes , penalties , E-jj&sr puEif&menU io be itfl ; cted upon any such r ? = ai shsll , -within the limits hereinbefere prescribed Cj ^ discretion of such Justices , or , in cases of
E ^ eiBor , of the Cawt before which the offence ml il ^ ^ * SE ^ ™ Iase ° ^ a second ofie .- ^ e arainst ^ -k , it tfcfji be Bufficjsnt -eTidfnce cf the preTloas ^ = aai and efface , if a cert . Scate , signed by the [ % " * ^^ 0 I oit 6 T effictr haying ihe cuitody ^ f ^ ^ i of Ea ch previous con-ricrion , shall be proj ^ tefore the said Justices erqairin g of such Second ¦ sg ^ * h « b . Cfcrtificaie ihall be staled in t , comjTl ^ r ' —^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ p ^ ** m * m ¦ * ^ mrv ^ v *
^^ ^ ^ ! fT 9 yib ^ conTjction was had , and ^ tfce d 3 te fejjJ ^ T ^ con-rictiun ; and so , in like manner . ¦ ^ ^* a * MJ ilidictnieBt or infermatjon for any fcA ^ -aneaiior as aforesaid , it shall be sufficsent ^ 'Sf Si ^ v " ? 0 8 « s ) nd cou-nctioH for a like iff-rce ii m ^ 'V r * ' ^ - ^^ fcy «» cie * of the p- . ^ e tt * * ecirfi r b 3 yiflS ^ J 8 custody of the Kcord of W ? *** - P iction . ^ * nch form as aforesaid , l ^ ^ WtJ ^ T * CjUTi SDd J v * 7 - ' proridfed il-Bfajs , ^ ft tRS ^ bs P ^^ as for a second effews K ^ 9-ij f . ^ ^^ d V too leatt shall have ff ^ - t w . ^ C 3 HT ^ Uon ot seen person K ^ sf-a ? v C C 3 BTlc : ion by » nch peiscn of tot ¦ ^ ^ b ^ ^^ ^ P ^ -ite i-fiVnce coiamstted by m vs » oa befsre th ^ txp 5 rafaon of the ai-i terni
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of ten days shall be punishable by a separate penalty , Mtboushthe same were a first offence ; and that no person shall be punished as for a third offence tinder this Act , unless ten days at tho least Bball hare intervened between the conviction of such person for the second and th © coavicHcp fcr frr person of the third offence ; but each separate offence committed by any such person before the expiration of the said term ^) f ten days shall b 8 punishable by a separate penalty , as though tho same were a second offeree ; sad that the fourth or any subsequent efface ¦ which may be committed by any such ptrson against this Act , shall be enquired of , tried , ana punished In
thB manner hereinbefore provided in respect of any third offence ; and that if tho person or persons preferring any such information shall not be able or shall E « t see fis to produce evidence cf any suca previous conviction or convictions as aforesaid any such offender as aforesaid , shall be punished for each BepaT 3 te offence by him committed against the previsions of this Act by an equal number « f distinct and separate penalties , as thongh each of such offences were a first or a second offence , as the case may be ; and thit do person shall be proceeded against or punished as for a second « r as for a third offence at the distance of more than two year 3 from the commission of tee next preceding offence .
XL And be it further enacted , That it shall be lawful for any one Justice of tkt Pts . ce , in all cases where aoy information or complaint shall be m ? . tle ss aforesaid , and he is hereby authorized and required , at the request in writing of any of the parties to the Baid complaint , end on the oath el the informer or complainant , or of the person informed or complained against , that he believe thst the attendance of any person or persons as a witness or witnesses will be material to the hearing of such information , to issue his snmmons to any snch person ot persons , witness or witnesses to Bppsar and give evidence on oath before himself and snch other Justice or Justices as shall hear and determine such information sr complaint , the time and place of hearing and determining the
same being specified m the said summons ; and it any person or persons so summoned shall not appear before the said last-mentioned Justices at the time and place so specified in the said summons , and Bhall not tffcr any reasonable excuse for the default , to the satisfaction vf the last-mentioned Justices , or appearing according to the directions of the said summeus shall not submit to be examined a 3 a witness or witnesses , then and in every such case it shall be lawful fonnch last-mentioned Justices , ^ nd they are hereby authorized , ( proof on oath , in the case of any person not appeanng-according to such tummoas , having been first Biade before such last-mentioned Justices of the due
service of such summons on every such person , by delivering the same to him or to her , or by leaving the sarre at the usual place of abode of such person , twentyfour hours at the least befor « the time appointed for such person to appear before such last-mentioned Justices , ) by warrant under the hands and seals of such last-mentioned Justices to commit snch person or persons so making default in appearing , or appearing and refusing to give evidence , to some prison within the jurisdiction of the said Justices , thsre to remain without bsH or mainpriza £ ot any time not exceeding fourteen dsys , or until inch person cr persons shall submit to be examined and give evidence .
XII . And be it further enacted , That all Justices of the Peace shall and are hereby empowered , on the conviction of any person or persons for any offence against this Act , in default of p » yment of any penalty or forfeature , together -with the reasonable costs and charges attending such conviction , to cause the same to be levied by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the offender or offenders , by -warrant or warrants under the hands and seals cf such Justices , together -with the reasonable costs of such distress and sale ; and in case it shall appear to the satisfaction of such Justices , either
by tha confession of the offender oi offenders or by the oath tf ono-or more credible witness or witnesses , that he , she , or they hath not or have not goods and chattels within the jurisdiction of such Justices sufficient whereon to levy all such penalties and forfeitures , costs and charges , such Justices m 3 y , withont issuing aDywarrant of distress , commit the offender or Senders to the common gaol for three calender months ( unless the same be sooner paid ) , in such manner as if a warrant ol distress had besa issued , and a return of nvlla bsma ms « ie thereon .
The application of penalties is to be as follows — XT 111 . And belt further enacted , that ont of any penalty cr forfeiture incurred by any offence committed against this Act it shall be lawful for the court or justices iisposing the same to award any sum to the informer , not exceeding in any case the sum of twenty pounds ; and the rest of any such pecuniary penalty or forfeiture shall go the treasurer of the county in which the ( ffecce shall be committed , in aid of the rates of such county : provided always , that every proceeding whatsoever for any offence against this Act shall be commenced within three calendar months after such ogence shall have been committed . The next clauses specify the trades to which the provisJoni of the Acl are to apply , and the exemption : —
XiX . Acd be it further enacted , that nothiBg herein contained shall extend to any artificer , -workman , er labourer , or other person engaged or employed in any manufacture , trade , oi occupation , excepting only artificers , -woiimen , labourers , and other persons employed in ths several manufactures , trades , and occupations following ; { that i 3 to say , ) in or about the making , casticg , converting , or manufacturing of iren or steel , or any parts , branches , or processes thereof ; or in or about the working or getting of any mines of coal , ironstone , limestone , salt rock ; or in oi about the working cr getting of stone , slate , cr day ; or in tbe staking or manufacturing of any kinds of nail * , chains , rivets , anvils , vices , spades , shovels , screws , keys , locks , bolts , hinges , or any other articles or hardwares made of iron or steel , or of iron or steel combined , or ot any
plated articles of cutlery , or of any goods or wares whatsoever ; or in or about the making , spinning , thnrwing , twisting , doubling , winding , weaving , combing , knitting , bleaching , dyeing , printing , or otherwise preparing of any kinds of woollen , -worsted , yarn , stuff , jersey , linen , fustian , cloth , serge , cottoD , leather , fur , hemp , flax , mohair , or silk manufactures whatsoever , ot in cr about any manufactures whatsoever made of the s-jid last-mentioned materials , whether the same be or ba not mixed one with another ; or in or about the making or otfierwisa preparing , ornamenting , oi finishing of any glass , porcelain , chuia , or earthenware -whatsoever , oi any parts , branches , or processes thereof , or any materials used in any of such last-mentioned trades , or employments ; or in or about the making or preparing of bone , thread , silk , or cotton lace , or of lace made of any mixed materials .
XX- And it be further enacted , that nothing herein confciinpd shall extend to any domestic servant or servant ia LnsLsudry . Tbe next clause i 3 very important . It prevents jnstices of ihe peace of any trade or occupation enumerated in the act , or the father , soa , or brother of any snch persta , from acting in its execution ; and the succeeding clause directs county Magis ; rate 3 to act in cases where those of towns are disqualified . They are as follow : — XXI- And be it further enacted , that no justice ef the peace , being a person also engaged in aDy of tbe trades or occupations enumerated in this Act , or tbe father , son , or brother of any such person , Bba » l act as a justice of the peace under this Act .
XXII . A ; id be it further enacted , thst ail cities , boroughs , or corporate towns , where the ciagistiates for the time bring are dkqaalifled by the foregoing clause from administering ibis Act , then and in every such case , and so « f ten as the same shall happen , it shall be lawful for tho Magistrates of tbe county in which the offence may be committed ( and not d ' uqualified as aforesaid ) to administer , Md they are hereby aathorissd and empowered ^ tOjhear ^ examine , and dt « termine any offences committed against this Act , in any such cities , boroughs , oi ^ poTpoTate towns ; and it shall be lawful for the complainant to remove the cases of information or complaint jTrom the said cities , boroughs , or corporate ^ ibwnB .-ia * kny other court of session or petty sessions ^ aot exceeding twelve miles frcm the place where the offence shall have been committed ; any law , charter , usage , or custom to the contrary notwithstanding . ,
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Leicester Gaol . —A plot has been discovered amongst * ix of the prisoners of the boroogh gaol , to assassinate the governor , Mr . OwBton , and effect their escape , . Thi 3 dark scheme was bronght t-o light by a prisoner named John Newman , convicted last Monday ( who has iii consequence had his sentence of four months remitted ) . The authorities have thought it conducive to the ends of jastice not to furnish ns at present with the particulars in
uetaiL—Leicester Mercury . Repeal in Exgla ^ d . —Frcm onr various correspondents vre learn that Repeal advances favourably among the Irish denizens of tho sister country . IS ' umbers of English and Irish Reformers have refelyed not to join the Suffrage UnioH on account of the crotchety notions of the drab-coloured agitator , S : urge , " and his friends on the qnestion of Pederahno . English mechanics are daily joiming the Repeal Movement . —Belfast Vindicator .
a COXLFG BOHE TO MeX ' S BeSIXESS AXD Bosoms . "—The Portland Transcript , in publishing a Ihile poem , prefaces ii with these words : — " We have read some little poetry in onr day , and have been variously affected by it , but our feeliDgs were ner > : r : o wrcn ^ m npoB as ia reading the following liiiei- " We give the first verse « f the poem which wren ^ hi upon onr contemporary ' s feelings" in so unprecedented a manner : — When the cold storm boiTls round your door , And yon ^ by light of taper , Sit c < z ly by evening fiie , Enjoying ths last paper—J&fct think of him whose work thus helps To wear sway the winter , And pnt this query to yourself—Htve I paid the Printer ? Ii certainly is very tonching . May it touch the hearts of nil long-winded Eubsoribeis !
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" We cull the choicest " Thb Chaxces of Life . —The chain of d » zaUng performances in the lives ot men celebrated in literature and art will often be found to commence from some small link , Bome trifling circumstance , at first sight scarcely deserving of notice . For example : —Evelyn waB walking one day in a field near Say » Conrt ; he stopped for a moment to look ia at the window of a poer solitary thatebed house , and beheld a young man carving a cartoon of Tintoret , of which ha had bought a "Venice copy . E ? elyn requested permission to enter , and eoon recommended the youthful artist > to the patronage of Charles the Second . Such was tho commencement of the fame of Gibbons . Bnt for that walk and that listening of Evelyn , he might still have
pursued tvis solitary toil unfriended and unknown ; it was a slight circumstance , a mere shadow upon tbe stream , but it was full of promise for his future fortunes . Tickell owed all his political prosperity to a little poem suggested by the opera ol Rosamond . The late William GifiVrd was rescued from the penury and hardships of a coasting-trader by the report and the sympathy of the fish women whosaw him playing ragged and neglected on the beach of Brixham . And what is particularly deserving of notice is , that the very Circumstances which seem to portend our irjnry or our ruin of ien promote to an extraordinary extent our prosperity iml happiness . This apparent contradiction may be exemplified from the life of the present amiable and learifed Professor Lee ,
whose early struggles to acquire knowledge amid the poverty and depression of his da'ly labour must be well known to many of onr readers . He was by trade a carpenter , and had no means of extending his knowledge of languages except by exchanging tbe grammar of oca for tbat of another . But no difficulties or pri rations ccnld ccill the fire of his enthusiasm : his only time of study was after the conclusion of his work in the evening ; still he pemvtred . At length he married , and the expenBeB of his new manner of life not only obliged him to undertake severer toil , but seemed also to call for the abandonment of his literary pursuits ; his evening as well as his moruing hours were io be devoted to the hammer and the saw . At this
critical juncture the chest of tools upon which he depended for his bubaiBtence , was consumed by fire , and destitution and ruin stared him in the face . His calamity proved his greatest blessing ; his loss became known , attracted attention to his character , and friends were not long wanting to assist the patient and struggling scholar . But tor the burning of that chest of tools the Cambridge Professor of H&ferew might at this instant have been mending a window-frame at Bristol instead of occupying a skill in its Cathedral . —Eraser ' s Magazine for December .
MrTABJLiTv of Language —Time was when tbe innermost garb of a lady was calleS a smock , and for Ienturie 8 after Shakspeare , the word suggt sted no indecicate idea . The world became more refined Smock was inserted in the index Expnrgatorius , and the word shift took its placa What c » u \ S possibly be more pure and uninggestive ? Shift 1 a change of linen J In time it was * found that even this Birople and diffused generally becaine offensive . A shift!—a change of linen ! all very well if you "were thinking of men , to whom shirt has stuck with the tenacity of that of Dfjeaniia ; —why could we not say a wvmauYshir ;! No . Delicacy forbad . Purity itself , however , could suggest
nothing more inoffensive than a change of linen , s shift . BaihfulneEB ( which ib not al-ways Hiodtsty , ) -was inexorable ; and , in despair we resorted to France . The word chemise was adopted , aud I uow Bee written up iu the shops a still further refinement , " chemises d'hommi "can we go further \ A charitable lady , visiting a child ' s school , asted a young semstress if the work she was employed on was a chemise;—the girl repliod , " No , my lady , this ia a Ae-tnise—that there girl makes she-mises . " Now -when chemise in its turn shall become suggestive , I propose the adoption of this young lady's improvement , and that we should in future talk of he-mises and she-mises . —Illuminated Magazine .
The Last Moments of x Poet . —The Siecie gives the following account of the last momenta of Cositnir Bflavigne : — " The iBvalid , accompanied by his wife and son , was obliged to stop at Lyons by the progress of his malady . A physician was called in , and from the moment he saw the patient considered bis illness fatal , and informed Madams Dslavigue that her husband bad only a few hours to live . He succeeded , however , by bia manner and assurances in restoring calmness of mind to the patient , -who had bsen at first alarmed . Abont eight o ' clock tbe same evening , the poet , when lying in bed , aud in full possession of his faculties , asked his -wife , in oTdtr to amuse tbe son , to rtad aloud . She accordingly took up Guy Hannering , and continued reading for about thTfct > -quarters of an hour , at which time the patient asked for some drink . As she was taking some precaution when offering him the glass , cot to fatigue him , he critd out , ' O ! give ii ,
1 am strong enonvh ! He then raised himself up with some difficulty , and , leaning his head on hia right hz > nd , asked his wife to continue But his features -were already changed , for death was near . Madam Delavigne perceived the alteration , but , concealing aer grief , she resumed her reading , which her emotion rendered HninteiJfgibte . ' Why ' said the dying man , ' you are skipping whole sentences ;' and , addressing his son , told him to go on himself . A moment after the head of Casimir Delavigne fell back on tbe pillow . He began to recite simo verses of a tragedy at -which he bad been at work for some time , and ¦ which was to be called ' MeluBine . " In two minutes after life had fl ?< 1 , and the nearly concluded work which occupied his thoughts during his last moments perished with him , for it is well known that the deceased never ¦ wrote down his pieces until after baling completed them from memory at the moment of preparing them for the theatre . "
A Portrait of Sheridas . —I had now for the fiTst time an opportunity of seeing this remarkable man . He was tfceu in tht prime of life , his fame , and his power . His countenance struck me at a glance as the most characteristic I had ever seen . Fancy may do much ; but 1 thought that I could discover in bis physiognomy efery q-jality for which he was Uielinguished ; the pleasantry of the man of the world , the keen observation of the great dramatist , and the vividnt . 33 of the daring first-rate orator . His features were fine , bnt their combination was so powerfully intellectual , that at the moment when he turntd his face to you , yon felt that you were looking on a man of tbe highest order of faculties . None of the leading men of his day had a physiognomy so palpably mental . Burke ' s
spectacled eyes told bnt little ; Tux , with tho grand outlines of a Greek snge , had no nobility ui feature ; Pitt was evidently no favourite of whatever godde& 3 presided over beauty at his birth . Bu ; Sc--r id :. n ' a ctuDtenance was tbe actual mi ) ror of ore of the most glo-wing , versatile , and vivid minds in the world . His fcytB alone -would have given expression to a face of clay . 1 never saw in human head oiba to large , of eo intense a black , and of such spatklisg hntre . His manners , too , were admirable ; easy -without negligence , and respectful as the guest at a Royal table , withont a skadow of servility . Ha was also wholly frte from that affectation of epigram which tempts a man who caanot help knowing tb ? t his good things are recorded . —Blackicocd ' s Mwx&ine for September .
TREESMourn for tbe leaves , that the white clouds of June , So merrily , to the soft winds' low song , With lightly glancing feet , untired , along The boughs saw dancing , till the sultry noon Silenced the breeze * ' itfclody , and soon Lulled them to pleasant slum ' er , couched among Tfce soft , warm , golden sunshine . How J long A ? sin to gee the white btarns of tht : ;; orn Steal down , with voiceless footbteps , through the night , To gaze upon their sleeping forms . No more They shield the shadows from the flashing light , Or sprpad their emeraid mantles , ¦ vrarrniy , o ' er Their shivering forms , that , 3 !) unsheltered , now Crouch from the freezing winds beneath each thin , bare ^ bouch .
Amhed JFhah ' s Tomb —N- sr tbe noitL-west angle of the city is a very handsome tomb , erected to Ahmed Shah , the founder of tbe Dourar . ne 3 monarchy . It is octagonal , with minarets ; and the lofty dome is beautifully painted in fliwered patterns , tho colours in such chaste and exquisite keeping , that it was a great relief to the eye when compared with the glare of gay and flaunting colours which the native works generally exhibit . In tbe interior are to be seen grave persons sitting on their heels at low desks , and before them folio copies of the Khoran , from -which they cbannt passages in a shrill , measured tone . They appear very intent , and once in passing apparently the most
devotional of the party , I stepped along the carpet on tip-toe , that I might not disturb him ; he was not , however , so wrapt in contemplation but that he paused to ask me for some piece , on receiving -which he resumed his occupation with the same energy as befere . Is former days no one could enter this shrine without patting off his shoeB : now , however , we do as we like , and since we take off « ur hats , which they well know is our method of showing respect , they ought not to take offence , we being always content with their putting off their shoes , and never requiring them to uncover the bead in showing respect to us or our habitationa . — A Cmvtpaten through Scinde , Affghanitlan .
Hindoo Apfeabancb . —The dark , slightly-formed feeing , with bare shoulders , and crimson turban , perspiring under the weight ef a handsome palakeen , chanting 1 b parts a wild ghorns as he goes to alleviate tbe labour ; the water-seller , driving before him a fat bullock , attemded with bells and necklaces , acd bearing a goat ' s skin that oezts refreshment to the thirsty ground as he moves along ; the lepoy , pressing forward to parade , nea \ and careful in attire , cheerfui tod smiling in his aspect ; the Brahmin , slowly retursirg from his liver ablutions towards tbe temple ; tbe salesman , bearing baskets of grain to supply his stall ; tbe musician and the dancing girl ; the fruit-seller and the toddydrawer ; tbe gold-worker and the weaver of fine muslin , all BiDdots , of var ioas cartes , indeed , and different prejudices , but yet agreeing well in all that forms the grtat staple of opinion . —Native Indian Sockiy- Asiatic Journal .
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^ ¦ — j Feizubi of GuKFowDfB . —Ekren ea + ks of gunpowder were seized by Sub-Inspector Jackson at Castlebar , belonging to Mr . Lake Byrne , not having the necessary licence . Tte powder was lodged in the military tt&gazice .
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COPEENICUS . At a meeting of the Poles residing in the metroplis , held on the 30 th of December , to celebrate the three hnndredth anniversary of the publication of the Copernlcan System , CoL'Szyraa read a highly interesting paper prepared fpr the occasion , of which the following is an outline : —He commenced by giving an outline of the state astronomy was in at the age of Copernicus . Entering upon the Copernioan system , he extolled its superior merits to application to geography , navigation , and especially in its legitimate province , astronomy , where it has paved the way to the vast disoveriea in the ancceedi fp three centuries . He dwelt upon the sensation the great work of Copernicus produced in Europe , after it appeared in print , and mentioned the
singular fact , that the astronomer received tbe first copy of it when on his deathbed , and died on the same day . He bad bestowed thirty-six years' labour on it ; And published it only at the solicitation of his friends . The lecture refuted tbe notion of Copernicus being a German as absurd , it being of recent date , and unsupported by any historical document . Not one word is said by his biographers , ancient or modern , in confirmation of it . Copernicua was bom in 1473 , at Thorn , which was a town in Regal , that is , Polish PruBsia . That province formed at his ago an integral part of Poland , and continued for three hundred years after him to belong to that , kingdom until tho first partition of it , in 1772 . Besides , the father of Copernicus was not a native of Thorn , but
settled there as a citizen of Cracow JjcIvib Cracoviensls ) . Copernicus acquired the rudiments of Greek and Latin in his native town , and completed his studies at the University of Cracow , at that time celebrated for mathematics . The most eminent of the professors there was Albert Brudziwski ; the astronomer waa hia pupil . His life was considered by the lecfurer under manifold aspects . He described him as u . student at Padua , where Copernicus was graduated doctor of philosophy and medicine , and in bis character as professor of mathematics at Bome ; as a recluse , after bis return to Cracow , when maturing his great astronomical system , and subsequently in his character of a priest and a cannon of Warmia ; as the administrator of tbe demeflose of the bishopric , and as an sppomnt to tbe Teutonio order in
Prussia , ¦ w hom ho considered as foes t » Poland and aliens to tbe Prussian people ; as a Nuncio to the Polish Diet , at Grandentz , aud evaluating , like Newton , debased money currency , and proposing a plan to the states for reducing ic to a uniform standard in the whole kingdom ; as a physician administering mendicamenta to tho peasantry , by whom on that account he was worshipped like a deity ( ut tiuvien quoddamj ; as a civil engineer , who constructed hydraulic machines for supplying tho town with water , and so forth . The sketch he gave of the astronomer ' s posthumous fame was hot less interesting ; and having , in a tour through Prussia , himself visited all the places where Copernicus resided , be minutely described the
house where the philosopher was born , and the observatory whero he mode hia observations . In the portraits he bad seen of - him he discovered a sttocg resemblance to Koger Bacon ; and mentioning tbe representation of Copernicus on tho ceiling of the * Picture Gallery at Greenwich , with tho firmament over hia bead and his soar system Jn liia band , he said , "No where coulii a fitter association of Copernicus he made than in that place of England's naval glory , and in the very asylum of th / j seafaring men -who , on their voyages te diitant regiens , might be said to bang on the abyss and to tread on tbe stars . " Colonel Szyrma added a description of tbe inauguration of the bror . ze statue of Cepernicus , by Thorwaldstn , which took place at Warsaw 1830 , and at which he was present .
Fine Ajits in Scotland . —We learn from the late annual report , of the Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in Scotland , which has now been ten years iu existence , that , since its institution , it has collected £ 36 000 fr * m subscribers ; that it has purchased 771 picturee , of which 30 $ were landscapes , and 63 tifatorica ) and imnginalive paintings ; also 40 pieces of sculpture ; sn ^ that tbe sum distributed among artists is about £ 27 , 000 , the remainder being expended iu en-RraTinss and charges cf various kinds . Considering that for several yeare there h ; i 8 been another association of a similar nature in E lir . burgh , and more recently one established in Glasgow , this " report furnishes remarkable evidence of tbe progress of a taste for painting in Scotland .
The Comet and the Weather—1 think thia coniet ' 8 approach to our system should be considered as one of the proximate causes of the fine weather , and mild temperature of Nuv . and Dec . For aa tbe transit of comets is one cf the most powerful causes of perturbation in the meteoric action of the atmosphere ( as proved by those of 1840 , 18 * 1 , and 1842 ) , and that tho periods of the approach , of these bodies into the solar system is unknown such a tiling as absolute cert . inty in calculations of tbe weather is of course not to be expected on the seasons when they occur . The
weather has been wonderfully mild all this month , wi'th tbo barometer remarkably high and steady . The thermometer was on Christmas day at 50 degrees , and aa tbe present high state of the barometer shows a great atmospherical pressure , which according to tbe nature of things cannot last long , then probably great depressions will follow with snow storms . I am every day expecting a el'ango te cold—if it is delayed till about Old Christmas-day then expect a severe winter ( which ia the time severe winters generally set in ); the great frost of 1740 began at that time . Q . Scgden . Howden , D ; c . 31 .
The Eruption of Etna .. —The naturalist Giemmellari has published a lette ' r in tbe Naples Journal , descriptive of some of the effects of tha eruption of E ; n : i : " Of tbe hundred known eruptions of Vtsuvius , " he says , " eighty have been in November and Drcernbtr . On the 13 th of | , November a crevice opened on the west side of Etna , 400 yards long and forty wide . I could only get within a mile of it . A stream of lava about six miles long ran at my feet , wish n rapidity that I calculated at a yard in a second . The stream was two and aha !/ miles wide when it reached Monte E ^ itto . It followed the lava stream of 1832 , and in fi . ur days menaced tbe village of Bronte ; but it turned
off towards Aderno , and threatened to turn into the river Simeto . A crowd of curious spectators gathered to watch the effect of the lava st ^ am running into a little lake of water . Fatal curiosity ! It produced an t-xptosUien like a powder mine . Out of thirty of them twentj-five were severely wounds ?! . The Java Btream stopped short of the river ' Sitreto , having run fourteen miles iu nil , ten of them in four days . A curious circumstance took placo at Catania the night before the eruption , A fine rain fell , which changed the colour of the silk in tbe umbrellas , and lunvt it . A professor of chemistry having analysed this rain , found that it contained a large quantity of muriatic acid .
The Original occupations of Celebrated Vocalists . —Hubini vasauilor ; Tamburini , a courier ; Nuldi , an advocate -. -w 0 believe bo hart the misfortm e to kill a man in a duel , and waa obliged to leave tho state in which he practised . Ho was a , clever amateur in music , which h « afterwards made his profession . The manner of his I ' eath is well known . Viewing a steam cooking av-P ' -iatua vu G » tcia ' 9 ^ Malibran ' a father ' s ) kitchen , in Pans , the builer burat , and he was killed on tho Bpo * . —Tramezzani was a surgeon ; so was Ferrari . Templeton waa a printer ; and so was
Wilaon , the " Scottish minstrel . " Machin was a japenner in Birmingham ; Pearsall the same ; Pynv , a poulterer ; Weyman ( a celebrated h&ss at St . Patrick ' s , Dublin ) , a shoemnkar ; < Mtto . 'JL'inn&y ; ditto , Shoubridge . Tho celebrated B . ntt ; vras the daughter of a boatman , and sang in thu utreet ? . Champneys , -whose name appears in tho old editions of Handel's songs , kept nn ironmonger ' , !! shop in TothiH-fitreet , We 8 tminbUt : be was tbe le&fliag singer of his time , and came to tbe rehearsal for the great festival i" Westminster Abbey with his -whitu flpron on . He was also lay vicar of the Abbey —Ten Town ' s Messenger .
The ; i ! acii ! NE at Tiiesavean Mine ( Cornwall ) —This is a machine for facilitating the asueat and descent of miners , by which 490 persons are daily relieved from the cr- ' uous labour of noing by ladders to tbe dtpth of 290 fathoms , or 1 , 740 feet , aud of ascending by the eame means after eight hours of severe muscular exertion ttiJtk-rsTDuntJ , every one must feel the importance of this ingenious application of meckanical and Eteam powers . The engine employed ia of 36 incUto cylinder , double acting , six feet Btroke , equal beam . The outer end of the beam is connected by a sweep-rod and crank to a shaft on which are fixed two small ' pinion wheels , which drive two others of five times their diameter ; thus the engine mates five strokes to one revolution of tho large wheels . In one
of tbe arms of each of tbe large wheels , at a distance of six feet from the centre , is a pin , to which a rod is connected : ench rod consequently makes a stroke of twelve feet at every revolution of tbe wheel . Theae rods , which are of Norway wcod , eight inches square , are continued to tee depth above stated—and to these are attache ! platforms quite large enough for one person to stand on , at every six feet Four feet above each platform there ia a handle , consisting of a round bar of iron three quarters of « a ineh in diameter , and two feet long , fixed vertically in the rod , which is laid h"ld of by the persen on his stepping from one platform to another , and by holding it be maintains his footing on the platform when the tods are in motion with peifoct eaae and safety . A man takes his . stand on one cf ; these platforms , and in at onco lowered or raised , aa the case may bo , twelve feet , when he fctep ' s to the platfown on the other rod ,
and immediately is carried over another equal space . The speed of the engine is fifteen strokes per minute , by which each rod makes three strokes , or travels 36 fe ^ t . The rate of descending and ascending is therefore 72 feet in the minute . The time spent by the miner in elimbing frcrn tbe depth of 1740 feet , was upwards of an hour ; now , without any more fatigue than he would have in n : c 2 dpg about one hundred and forty steps upon kvs ] ground , he is brought to the Burfaee in twenty-fonr minutes or carried to an equal depth . It has been most sntisfactorliy proved , that not above oaeeighth cf the body of mineis attain the age of fifty years . They suffer under cou ^ b , dysprcei , and palpitation , from an early period , and they rapidly decline wbtn about forty . Although much of tbis suffering dol'tless arires from the unhealthy situations in which they are often compelled to work , exposure toi beats and co ' As in the wet levels of the mines , and inhaling an atmosphere charged with tbe noxious gaa « given
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THE TYPE FOUNDERS OF LONDON . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sir ., —It is true that there has been some want of success in the few attempts to carry out those principles which the Journeymen Type Founders have resolved to pat in operation , detailed in the Prospectus of an Operative Type Foundry Association , a copy of which ia herewith forwarded for your inspection . But all doubts that may arise on account of this want of success will , we bolieve , be removed ia '; a great meusure by reviewing and examining the proceedings , circulars , and appeals of the woikmen . Itwill bo found that those addresses have received the calmest consideration , and were not placed before ; the -working classes and the public without due reflection and a strict adherence to truth . 1
The fervency of the appeals which have been made arose from the meat unparalleled oppression on the part of five or six of their employers . The oppression ia proved undeniably , when it is known that the reductions on the price of this unhealthy labour is 3 d and 6 < J , and on some work 9 t \ . ' out of every shilling , on wages that previously did not average 18 ' . per week ; although these same Master Typo Founders have frora the very beginning of this useful trade possessed , and by monopoly maintained , higher profits than any other class of English capitalists . They have all along paid less wages than is received by the same class . of workmen on the Continent , where the necessaries of life are little more than half the price paid by Englishmen .
To such nn extreme has the oppression and reduction of these hitherto low wages been carried , that the Journeymen Type Founders have at last been goaded into tho employing tkeir abilities , skill , and experience to mr . ke an effort tu render themselves independent of th 9 ir taskmasters ! It is a bold resolution ; but it is one of the most practicable and easily ' accomplished that can be undertaken . This is easily \ shown . The certainty of tbe workmen being able to produce tbe work c qual in every respect to that of tbeiprt sent firms must be evident . The present firms rely more than any other trade on the skill and experience of the workmen ; and it is reasonable to believe that men who are
immediately interested will exert ill their skill and experience to produce superior work , and thus merit support and patronage . There is no heavy tax ; on type—no barrassing or speculative transactions , or risk of extensive bad debts . A ^ bankrupt Type Founder is a circumstance totally unknown in tbe annals of bankruptcy . England possesses the whole of the extensive export trade ; nDd we are not aware of a single Type Foundry throughout the whole of tho British Colonies , In these particulars the Operatives have a certain and decided advantage over every other trade .
There are experienced and skilful workmen in every branch cf the business prepared to coimq forward and accept work is the present undertaking ; anl the masters cannot reduce the price of materials usod for type casting , nor procure them cheaper , as there is a settled market price for ; every article required to manufacture type . Metal , coals , gas , rent , and management , form items in tbe espences of an establishment ! that must be borne equally by an Operative or Monopolist Foundry . In the event of a competition being -attempted to injure the Operative Foundry , we have made our
calculations to meet it in every form . Wages ia the only item that the masters ceuld reduce , and' it iB evident that tbe Type Founders , working for themselves , would cheerfully work at such a reduced scalei of profits as would be quite inadeqatte to yield a sufficient income to tbe Masters . Thus , successful competition to an Operative Type Foundry would be impossible ; and it is evident that they will not oontinue to manufacture types any length of time at a serious loss , which , th ^ y must do if they intend to enter into such competition . With prospects based upon such calculations we czenot doubt of ths present enterprise .
With our sincere thanks to those who . have already assisted , Wo very respectfully subscribe ourselves , TiiE COSlUHTE OF JofKftEYMEN TYPE Founders . Thomas Weiih , Chairman . Committee Room , Ship Tavern , GlasahouaeyarJ , AldeiSfcate-strbet , Jan . 1844 .
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bookbinders , engineers , and engravers , as being more or less connected with tha type founding business , ba invited to appoint each ft member , with power to add to their number . Copies of the prospectus , forms of application for shares , and further information may be h id of tbe Type Founders' Committe *) , at the Ship Tavern , Glasa House Yard , Aldergate-street ; of the secretary uf the Operative Type Foundry , No . 7 , Birchin-Iar »; and at thsUci'on Baak , of London , 8 , Moorgate-street , -jchere subscriptions will be received in the name of tbe trustees .
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LONDON Political a > d Scientific Institution , Turnagaiti-lane , January let , Mr . J . Fussell ia the chair . Mr . O'Connor ' s acceptance of Cabden's chal-Iengo having been read , amidst loud applause , Sir . P . M'Grath delivered an eloquent address on the science of Government . He concluded amidst general applause . An animated discussion then ensued , in which MesBrfl . Di-on , Maniz , Stall wood , Mee , Fussell ( chairmau ) , and M'Grath took part Votes of thanks were carried by acclamation to the Lecturer and Chairman . London District Council . —This body met on Sunday , January 7 tb , Mr . D-en in the chair . Mr .
Luke Kl » g reported that bis locality suggested to tho council the propriety of getting up public meetings in various parts of London in favour of the Oastler Liberation Fand . The delegates reported that the collection for the National Tribute waa going on very spiritedly . Mr . Dron ( Lambeth ) reported that hia locality had received a letter from Tunbridge Wells fur more cards , and suggested the propriety of an efficient lecturer being shortly sent into Kent Mr . Stallwood gave a favourable report of the Hammersmith locality . -Mr . ' Ruffy Ridley and Mr . Gile , waa added to ti-o list of lecturers , and ths meeting dissolved .
C LITn . SR . O 8 . —The North L ^ -ncasmre delegate meeting was held at Mr . Beesley's , Accrington , on Sunday , Jan . 7 tb . Delegates were present " from Colne , Burnley , Padibam , Accrington , Blaekbnrn , Sahden , Preston , and Clithcroa ; there was also frienda pr&s-nt from HaiMngden and Bacup . Mr . Smith , an old veteran in the causo of reform , was called to the chair , and in opening the business said be hoped thai ; each and all of tho delegates , in expounding their views , or stating tbe feelings and sentiments of their various localities would do se plainly and prudently , and thereby promote the furtherance of the good cause which they had so much at heart . Tbe district secretary said that as the Preston , Blackburn , Accrington , HaslingAen , and Bacup friends , had been disappointed
in not having Mr . Biirstow ' s services during the past week—they would look to him for un explanation . Ho would therefore read the correspondence between himself , Mr . Bairs ' tow , and Mr . Wheeler . The correspondence having been read each delegaie expressed himself satisfied . A long and aniciited dbcussion then ensued as to the amount of salary the district would be required te pay , fca ., < ko ., which ended in it being resolved unanimously— "That the District Secretary w ite to Mr . Wheefer , to ascertain tbe exact amount of salary they will have to pay to Mr . Biirsiow , and whether the district will have to pay bis travelling espetces ; and that the district secretary , on the receipt of Mr . Wheeler ' s answer , shall communicats the same to the various localities in North Lancashire . It waa
resolved— " That Mr . Bairstow be engaged for eight weeks , commencing the 8 th of January . " It was nlso resolved , that thosa localities which ha . ro coiiacted money for the-National Tiitute should remit the same without delay to the treasurer , F . O'Connor , Erq . The District Secretary then brought forwa ^ . l a cise , ia vshteb he was , in h \ % vraavoidable ab 3 er , c « f torn a delegate meeting , charged with bcica ; actusted by sinister motives . He courted investigation , nr . ii challenged the parties , at whose instigation tho charge , waa made , to make it good ; anrt as a delegate wa 3 present from that locality , he would call upon him to
substantiate the accusation . The charge was then investigated , nnd tbe accusing parties having failed to nuke good the charge , a vote cf confidence in the Disu-ict Secretary was moved and seconded ; but tiis Si cretary said , that if the delegates were satisfied , he was . All ba wanted was , to exculpate himself , aai io prevent any rquabbling for the future . It was then r . solved onaninionsly— " That no charges for th * future shall b 8 made in the absence of the individual charged , and that we en ' . er our solemn pretest against any other course being pursued lor the future . " It waa resolved" That the next delegate meeting be held at Accrington , in six week ' s time .
SUNDERLAWD . —TI 19 Chartitts of this locality , held their New Year ' s Festival on Monday evening , ( Jan . 1 st , ) in' the Chartist Hall . Dinner was on . the table at six o'clock , when a goodly number sat down and regaled themselves with good old English fare . We bad the honour of having one of the Thornley Miners todinewhh us . After the cloth was drawn , several loasts were given , including the " Charter" and " F . O'Connor , Esq . " " Frost , Williams , and Jones , and all exiled . patriots ; " and other toasts suitable for the occasion . After which the following resolution was proposed and carried , with throe times ihree : — "That tho thanks of this meeting be given to Mr . Roberts for his i » an ) y and honest conduct afc tho trials of the Thornley Miners . " The Council met in their room on Sunday , when 12 a . was agreed to be sent to tho Tribute Fand , and 53 . to the Executive- All communications must be addressod to Mr . Andrew Wilkie , mason , Fittera-row , sub-Secretary .
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out by tfee explosion cf rub powder in blasting the roobs ; yet all their medical attendants unite in attributing the mischief principally to tbe I severe toil of climbing ladders for so long a time in n at * te of exhaustion . There is therefore every probability that this " Mnn-engine , " as it is termed , will have the happy effect of extending tbe average da' ation of the miner ' s life , and of relieving him from many of ithe ills under which he has been compelled by his necessities to dra . j out a laborious existence .
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MR . CLARK'S TOUR . On Monday morning I started from Truro by conch , for Plymouth . The weather was beautifully mili ; the scenery wild and picturesque . Oae remarkaKe fact struck my attention and furnished " food for n flection " to the end of my journey , and that vms . that though our roaJ lay right through the entire county of Corawall , uot one public building of eminence '•• met _ , the sraza of tbe stranger , " except the " Ucion Bastika" and the County Gaol at Bid .-nin . - ^ On my arrival at Plymouth I found the town placarded announcing a " a Grand Soiree , " at which I waa expected to speair . I attended , and delivered an address ; Mr . Smith also favoured the audience with a lengthy and sensible speech ; tlicrs were about 300 persons present , all seemed his'bly gratified at the evenings entertainment and instruction .
On Tuesday I accompanied Mr . Ellery , the Tavistock secretary , and several of the Plymouth friends to Tavistock . Ia tho evening I bad the pleasure of sitting down to a public tea in company with the Reverend Mr . Solly and about 150 of the goAd men and women of that glorious litUe town . After tea , the room waa thrown open , and the public admitted . Mr . Smith , cf Plymouth , Mr . Arnold , and tb 9 Rev . Mr . Solly having severally addrjasesi the meeting , I was introduced to the meeting , and spoke upwards of an hour in support of a resolution in favour of tbe Charter . At tbe conclusion I had the pleasure of adding several neve members to our ranks . A collection for the " National Tribute" was entered into , and a handsome sum subscribed .
O ' . j Wedesday , I lectured at tbe same ' place , on " Machinery and its effects on the iuduatrious . ' I was listened te with tbe greatest attention throughout . At the close , my" views were strenuously opposed by a knot of Free Traders , who urgued that machinery waa a blessing to England , and also tbat the working clasa were much better off at present than ever they were . Of course I took tbe opposite Bide of so preposterous an argument , and proved , I think , to the en : ire satisfaction of all present , save tbe gentlemen who would not be Convinced , that the very reverse of what they stated waa the fact Mr . Solly , who was present , conttnded for the allotment system , in opposition to " Extended Commerce . " His remarks wtia to tha poiat , and had a telling effect . The discuesum Usied till r . ear twelve o ' cloek , when tbe iateness of the hour demanded an adjournment .
On . Thursday evening , I attended a public supper , most of the Chartists of tbe town being present . After the removal of the cloth , I was called upon to respond to the toast— "The people . ' Mr . Arnold made an able speech in responding to the " Executive , " and pledging the men of Tavistock to assist them in their endeavours to extend our principles . Patriotic songs and recitations occupied tbe company till twelve o ' clock , when each took bis departure , highly pleased with the spirit manifested by " each bo alL " Tbe following evening ( Friday ) , I again lectured at the same place , the Temperance Hall , ruy subject being " The Land as a remedy for national distress . " It was
well received . - The people seem everywhere to taka much interest in the land question . A gentleman present wished to make arrangements for a public diBcusaion on the subject ; but , a 3 I was engaged elsewhere , I could not attend to bia request ; but Mr , Smith , of Plymouth , who happened to be in the room , volunteered to meet the gentleman on the following Friday ; to this he assented . The workies of Tavistock may expect a treat on that occasion . On Saturday morning I took my depart 're from Taviatock , leaving behind me as fine a set of Chartists as . any in England . Plymouth , Monday . Thomas Clark ,
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( Preliminary )—Prospectus of the Operatives' Type-Foundry Association , to be conducted by and for the bent-fit of the working classc . Capital £ 2 , 000 , in 4000 shares of ten nhillines each .
Trustees — Mr . Lewis Jonts / jliciaeed victualler , Fannstreet , Alderigate-street ; Mr . J ^ tnes Williams , ditto , Ship , Glu 83-huuseJYard , Aldersgato-street !; Mr . Augustus Deforce , delegate cf tbe Broad Silk Weavers , 1 , Paik-terrnci-, Betbnai-green ; Mr . Lewia ; Levy , ditto to tbe Cigar -makers . 53 , Midilieton-street , Clerkenwell . Bankers—The Union Bank of London , 6 , Moorgatastreet ; Mr . William WiJson Scningeour , General M auajjer . The design and oVjoci of this undertaking are to ameliorate the condition of tbe working classes , by tbe pracUciiV application for th ^ ir boaefitrf of the great principle of eomniercial association .
Tbe origin of national distress , of which the working classes bear so l : > rge apportion of tho burden , ia tha unequal distribution of wealth , produced by labour . By skilful combination and commercial experience , the employers ofla-bcur maintain lh :: ir independence and often acquire large fortuues fioru ita profits , whilst tbe industrious producers , wanting these advantages , are paid wages barely eufficieiii for subsistence , ¦ The simple cause of the masters' success , in trada , is the power and influence of capital , directed by intelligent management . The game cause , brought into operation for their own account , by associations of woiking mou , -who may < asily raise the required capital in small shares , would enable them to obtain remunerative employ for their labour , and also secure , for the benefit of their own clasa , a portion ofithose profits ,
which hitherto bavo gone to enrich their employers . Such is the principle now brought into action , with the view of establishing mi Operatives' Type Fouiidiy . At a public i-neetug h « ld at the National Hali , High-Holborn , or . October 101 b , 1843 , totak&iiito consideration tbe case of iLe Journeymen Type Founders , who bad beinout of employ for thirteen weeks , it having beeu shewn that the type-founding 'business retu . ns lar ^ o profits , ( wL let from ita simplicity and tbe small capital required , it can be conducted with the greatest ease ) it waa cor . sii ' . sred tfcut the most effectual moJe of affording them relitf would bo to establish , and eivo them employment in an Operatives 1 Type Foundry , which , at tbe same time , would confer a lasting benefit on the worfc'kg daises : whereupon resolutions to that effect were unanimously passed .
[ Here follows nn estimate ( for which we regret that we cannot find room ) < Jf the capital , expences , retuirs , ami profits of an Operatives' Type Foundry , on a scale suitable to tbe investment of £ 2 , 000 , and the employment of twenty casterB ; the average production of types beirg estimated at 724 lbs . per week , at full wages . After which the following rules are giver ] : — 1 . That to carry out the objects detailed in tfco prospectus , and establish the proposed Operatives' Type Foundry Association , a capital of £ 2 , 000 ba raised ia shires of ten shillings each . ; 2 . Tbut four trustees , pro . tern , be appointed and legally constituted for tbe secure investment and cuetody of tbe subscribed capital , for throe months , or : uch shorter period as a general meeting of the shareholders may determine .
3 : That a respectable joint-stock bank be appointed bankers to the Operatives' Type Foundry , and that all subscriptions be paid into such bank , to bear Interest , in the joint names of the four trustees , pro . tern . A . That if , at the expiration of three months from this data , the subscriptiens shall not amount to £ 500 , the subscriptions be returned to the shareholders by the trustees pro . Urn . without any deduction . 5 . That at the expirution of three months from this date , or at an earlier period if tho shares subscribed for shall amount to £ 500 , a general meeting of shareholders shall be held , in order to constitute tho ; company , establish rules and regulations for its governance , appoint a board of management , trustees , and auditors , and proceed to business . :
C . That the shareholders shall vote by ballot en all questions to be submitted to them , aad i the qualification for votes shall be as follows : —one shaTe one vote , five shares two votes , ten shares four votes , twenty shares " six vstes , fifty shares ami upwards ten votes , except the shares held by trades' unions , which shall qualify for as many votes as such trades unions hold shares . 7 . That , for the protection of the working classes , half the number of shares shall be bold by trades ' unions , not to be transferable without the sanction of tbe board of management . 8 . That tho board of management be composed of Dot less than twelve members , being shareholders , of which half tbe number to bo delegates representing trades ' unions holding eaeh fifty shares or more ; and that one share be the qaalifieation for the other members of the board . ;
9 . That application be made to philanthropic bodies and individuals for gratuituous subscriptions to tbe capital of the Operatives' Type Foundry , i 10 . That the amount of such ' gratuitousBubscriptions , 88 may be received , an equivalent value in shares of ten shillings each be created ; such shares ; to be divided between , and becemo tho property of ,: the TraiUa ' Unions and the Operative Type Founders in proportions and on conditions to be determined at the tirst general meeting . 11 . That tbe profits be divided in proportions to be determined at tbe first general meeting , between the shareholders and the operativo type founilers . 12 That a Trust Deed be drawn up Hud executed , under proper legal advice , to carry into effect tbo resolutions of the general meeting , and constate the Of ecafeiv 6 s ' -Type-Foundry Association . j
13 . That to carry into effect the foregoing objects , ft Provisional Committee be formed , composed of two delegates of ths type founders , and ttsn otht r delegates of different tiadee , of wbiob tbe compositors , pressmen ,
Untitled Article
Herbs . —The qualities of herbs , whether for esculent or mod cinai purposes , have in all ages been held in hi ^ h < sViv . m . " Why were the people of the Antedcluviaa world to long-lived 1 " is aquery which has often been propounded , and as often answered by the reply , i lia ^ " theix length of life was , to a , great ex ' fnt attributable to their use of herba . " Those individuals ( so c mmonly known as hermits ) , who havo separated theaselves from tbe world , and passed their days in a wild seelusion , have mostly extended their existence considerably beyond the usual fersn , by ^ vhe careful nse of tho vegetable productions of the earth . Many other , and stronger reasons might bo adduced in favour of that discovery , rim tro researches of Old Parr bavo brought to l ' ght ; v / hich , coupled with his own length of life , can leave no doubt on the mind of any reasonable persi-n as > the life-giving , efficacy of Parr's vegetable reraedj ¦ >
Untitled Article
V ^ jAypAg ^ ^ - =. — THE NORTHERN STAR 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1247/page/7/
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