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Ci>a?ttjEit 3£ntcU%ettcf ?
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TBE LAND ! THE LAND ! THE LAND 1 < 53 EAT AXD IMPORTANT " MEETING IN THE TJJOTEI > STATE 3 . "AH men are bora free and equal " We gare in onr last tbe particulars « f the first Agrarian Meeting holden in New Ycrk . "We now give the particulars of the second setting , continuing onr report from "iTAa People ' sRights . - *
GE 5 EBA 1 UXSTIXG OF TTOBKIXG HES . A f eneral meeting of the working men of Now York aadits vicinity -wsx held at Croton Hall , on Wednesday eTening , March 20 , lg « , to receive th « Report of a Committee appointed at a previous seeting at theiame place on the Sth inst . At eight o ' clock the meeting -was called to order by Hi Maxwell , on whose motion Jamei A- Pjne -was called to thexhair , ana George H . Evans was appointed » # cretary . The business -was openei fey TesJraj ? the minutes of th « last meeting las published in the People ' s Mights , ( No . 2 , 3 which Trere approved . Tha Chairman then stated that the business of the meeting "was to wceiTs the Report of the Csmmittee , ¦ srhlcb was in readiness , bat that previously s gentlenms ¦ would make a few remarks concerning the olj&cts of the xneetinr .
Mr . John Commerforg said that his reason for appearing before tha meeting -was that it was intimated to him that he had declined a committee appointment at the last meeeting because he did not wish to identify fcimsglf with th * present movement . This was sot the reason- He wished to be understood as identifying himself fully with the movement , and _ ke rsad echeb extracts from an address delivered by him as president cf the General Trades * TTaion in 1 S 35 , to show that he then entertained the same views on the subject of the Psblicianda as were advocated ty 3 Ir . Devyr at the last meeSng . Mr . Conimsrford followed np the reading of th * extracts with some eloquent remarks in favour of tt « people ' s right to the land .
2 &r . Dtvyr , from the committee , then read the following report , which was accepted unanimously , and then an amendment was offered by Mr . Charles E . Newman to a portion ol thsiepott which seemed to allude to the Indian tribes as an inferior race . The amaidmeni teas carried taiajfiawztSyj and the report was nnanimously siosted as fdlewa : —
1 BEP 0 ET . Having made dne inquiry into the facts , the Committee are satisfied that there is a mnch larger number cf labouring people congregated in the seaboard towns , thin can find constant and profitable employment Toot committee do not think it necessary to enter into statistical details , in ordtr to prove a fact that is sot disputed by * ny body . ! Ihe result of this over-supply of labour is a competition among the labourers , ttnding to reduce wage 3 , eyen where employment is obtained , t » a scale greaily below what is necessary for the comfortable subsUse ^ ee cf the working man , and the education cf his family . It appears to year Committee , that as long as ths supply of lafconr exceeds the demand , the natural laws wiieh regulate prices will render it very difficult , if soV altogether impossible , to permanently improve the condition of the working people .
Onr inquiries , therefore , were naturally directed to ascertain how far gristing causes are likely to affect the supply and demand of labour—whether those causes tend to lessen-or increase the evil under which the Working classes are now Buffering . As tending to leases the evil , we 2 nd an increasing cms cossamption of articles produced by mechanical BkEl—wealso anticipate an increase , to some extent at least , of our export market . But we believe that this additional demand is by no means likely to keep pace witi onr accumulating powers of production . Pirst jWe find in our cities and factory stations , an increasing population , ths great majority of whom depend . for s subsistence on mechanical labour j and secondly we find the new 4 » m power of machinery throwing itself into competition with our ¦ working population . Indeed , if we jodge of the next I half century , bytheialf century just past , there will , be , by the end of that time , little mechanical labour ] T " rTf"TTPw 1 ^ J Knnwn ft ftTjria . ]
We find , on consulting authentic data , that macai- j Eery has taken almost entire poBsaession of the maim-= factnre of cloth . That it is making steady—we might j ssy ispid—advance npon all branches of iron manu- ; future . That the newly invested machine-saws , work- In ; in curves as well as straight lines—the plaining and j grooving machine , and tha tenon and mertiee machine , i clearly admonish us that its empire is destined to ex- ; lerd itself ever all our manufactures of wood That ' while some of the handicrafts are already extinct , there I is not one of them but has foretasted the overwhelmingi competition of this occult power . We can clearly per- j cuts thit while the laws of population tend to steadOy increase the supply of mechanical labour—so does the i iaTprovement of machinery tend to , not merely lessen , ' bat almost BTmTMiyta the- demand . *
This result—this triumph of xachixk laboxts , aad ultiasate prostration of nxnixs ulbottb—cannot , in the opinion of your committee , be avmed . We may wrestle Teith the monster , as the toilers of England wrestle , rUl myriads of us perish in the unequal strife . But your Committee are of opinion that all this will be only so mnch strife , and so much suffering wasted in Tain . As well might we interfere with the career of the heavenly bodies , or attempt to alter any of nature's fixed laws , as hope to arrest "the onward march of science and machinery ¦ . The question then recurs—the momentous question : " "Where lies onr remedy ? Hew shall we escape from an evil which it is impossible to avert ? ' * The question sdniia of an answer , simple , satisfactory , and conclusive . . Nature is not unjust The Power who called forth those Tiecharrical forces did sot can them feiih lor our destruction . OUB BEJTGE
is rpon thb Sotl , in all its « esbnes 8 and fertility—OCX BEKITAGS IS 15 THB PUBLIC DOMXIS , in ' all its boundless wealth and infinite variety . This heritage once secured to ub , the evil we complain of will become onr greatest good . Machinery , from the formidable rival , will sink into the obedient instrninent or our will—the marter shall become our servant—the iyrant * h * » become onr slave-If we were circumstanced like the inhabitants of Earope , there would seem to be little hope of getting the labouring population out of the dimculties , and distress , in . which they axe at present involved . There , every field of Gad ' s inheritaace to man , is f enjed in , asd appropriated by the Aristocracy . There , the working man , has nothing to fall back upon . There , in the besutif ul language of the poet" If to the Common ' s fenceless limits strayed , He drives his fbck . to pick the scanty blade , Those fenceless fields the sons of wealth divide , And even the bare worn Common is denied . ''
There , the labonring classes have no resource , except is sth the labour of their bodies for whatever price it will bring—live upon that pittance , as long as it will sustain them alive ; and when it fails , sink into that grav * which is yawning to receive them . But in this Republic , all that tho Creator designed lor man ' s use is outs—belongs , not to the Aristocracy , tut to ths people . The deep and interminable forest ; ths fertile and boundless praire ; the rich and inexhaustible mine , all , all belong to the people , or are held by tke Government in trust for them . Here , indeed , is the natural and healthful field for man ' s labour . Let him apply to his Mother Earth , and she will sot refuse Is give him employment—neither will she withhold Itjm him , in £ ue season , the fulness of his reward . . We are the inhabitants of a country which for iJonndless exient of territory , fertility ol soD , and inextsxiitless resources of mineral wealth , Etands UDequal-Itd by any nation , either of ancient or modern times .
We live under a constitution so just and so equal , that it may well lay claim io a divine origin . As a people , we are second to none , in enterpiizj , industry , and EkilL Tiuu it is clear , that we are 1 b possession of all the Elements of individual and national prosperity . But we allow these elements to lie dormant , and thejlabour Hiat ought to be employed in-call ing forth the fruitfuln = ss of nature , is to ba found seeking employment in ihi barren lanes of a city . Have we not boundless . fcemtories of unsettled , almost Tmesplored , lands 5 Were not those lands created for the express purpose of furnishing us with food and clothing , and happy horaesteais ? Have not those lands been redeemed from the British Crown by fee priceless blool that flowed in our Revolution ? Have thiy not been Tedeemed from the aboriginal bribes by meniespaid i * to the Treasury by the productive classes of the whole iTaited States ?
Are they not curs , therefore , by every just right , natural and acquired ? On what principle , then , should thfcybewithb . eWfromuSjtheh ' rightfulowners ? Already hive we paid for them twice over ; wherefore should we Jte required to pay for them again ? Tour Committee does not recogni&e the authority of Congress to shut out from those lands such dtizans as oisy not hare money to pay another ransom lor them . 5 : ili Jess do fee admit their authority to sell the public domain to men who require it only as an engine to lay
crx children under tribute to their children to all succeeding tima We regard the public land to be a capital E ' -ock , which belongs not to us only , but also to posttrity . The profits of that stock axe ours , and the proSa only . The moment Congress or any other power proceeds to alienate the stock itself to speculators ^ that aoraent do they attempts ernel and cowardly fraud upon Posterity , against which , as cfz ^ ns and honest men , ire enter our Tnwt solemn protest . It is enough for us to tit our own bread ; what right have we to ait down and consume the bread of our children ?
The evil of permittiag speculators to monopoliz * the Fablk lands , is severely felt in all the new states . Whtn tiie emigrant reaches the remote borders of civi-Ezition he naturally desires to stop there , and fix his ksae within the pala of exrilSBd society . But the kads lying for many miles around belong to the specu-Jitor , tnd the unfortunate emigrant must either pay an Siorbitant price , which he is generally unable to do , to iaove far into the desert , * nd trust himself to" the ?^ 7 the wild Indian la beyond the aid of his kite brethren . - B « what is this evil compared "with the distress and *^ = * 7 that is in store for our childrea ihould we *^ niH the principle of tmd monopoly to take firm root j *« k Hepublic ? Go to Europe , 2 dark the toil , the ^^ the hunger , and the despair which it Hie sola in" ^ k&se of its countUss millions , while a few thou-
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sands ina into the opposite extreme of luxury , excess , and guilt unspeakable . Look at this horrible state of things , and whilst jou do eo , remember that the same fate awaits onr own Republic , if we permit a landed aristocracy to grow np among us . . Tour Committee have perused with much satisfaction a Boport from the committee of public lands , now under the consideration of Congress . That Report takes decided ground in favour of the principles which w » have thonyht it our dnty to recommend j and we take the liberty of soliciting your marked attention ia the following extract bom that most important document : —
"Jn short , yonr Committee think it BBonld be as important , if not a controlling consideration with the Government , to legislate bo as to change the floating and unsettled population £ to be found , to a greater or less extent , in all parts of the country ] into a permanent , well organ ; Z 3 d , and orderly comamnity ; for , as has Wen well remarked by a distinguished Senator : Tenantry is unfavourable to freedom ; it lays the foundation for separate orders in society , annihilates the lgveof country , and weakens the spirit of
independence . The tenant has in fact no country , no hearth , no domestic altar , do household god . The freeholder , on the contrary , is the natural support of a free Government ; and it should be the policy of Republics to multiply their freeholders , as it is the policy of monarchies to multiply tenants . We are a Republic , and we wish ta continue and multiply the class of freeholders ; pass the public lands cheaply and easily into the hands of the people ; sell for a reasonable prio 9 to thoss who are able to psy , and give without price to those who are not . '"
The first great object , then , ia to assert and establish the right of the people to the soil ; U > be used by them in Iheir own day , and transmitted—an inalienable heritage—to their posterity . The principles of justice , and the voice of expediency , or rather of necessity , demand that this fundamental principle shall be established as the paramount law , with the least possible delay . That once effected , let an outlet be formed that will carry off our superabundant labour to the salubrious and fertile West . In those regions thousands , and tens of thousands , who are now languishing in hope * Itss poverty , will find a certain and a speedy independence . The labour market will be thus eased of the present distressing competition ; and those who remain , as veil as those who emi grate , will have the opportunity of realising a comfortable living .
That suda would be the moit complete and immediate course , your Committee entertained not the slight doubt . But tbc-y are well aware that it will require much energy and perseverance on the part of the working people , tobringabent the change which wehava ventured ta recommend . We kcow yon to po&sess the energy of character—we are satisfied t > f your perseverance : for both have been severely tested in your every dBy pursuits . But what we dread is , that your Committee is not equal to tha task of rousing your energies—of laying before you , in its vast magnitude , the change that it is in the power of ths working people to accomplish . At present the working man toils on through tho period of & dreary existence , content if ho can secure enough of the commen necessaries of life . He leaves behind him a family with no heritage bnt bis own—no means to live , but by hiring out their , bodies , as machines , to be worked fer ths benefit of others .
Time rolls on—and in the lapse of a few ages all those bcundleBs fields which now invite us to their bosom , become the settled property ef individuals . Oar descendants wish to raise themselves from the condition of hirelings , tut they wish it in vain . They cannot ayproach a field on which the capitalist has not set his mark , and each succeeding age their condition becomes more and more hopeless . They read the history of thair country ; they learn that there was a time when their fithers could have preserved those domains and transmitted them free and nnincumbered to their children . When our posterity look back to the opportunity that we are now losing , they will not bless our msmery if we leave them nothing bnt a heritage of toil and dependence .
On the contrary , if by one tffart we fix ourselves upon the soil , our descendants will be in possession of an independence that cannot fail , so long as Cod hangs hie bow in the clouds , and giads the earth with his returning seasons . Tour Committee is of the opinion , that tbB day is net far distant when the Steam Engine will be applied successfully to the cultivation of the soil , the gathering of crops , and preparing them for use and market At present all improvements in power machinery are directed towards perfecting navigation and manufactures ; those * ndsonce accomplished , inventive genius 'will immediately set about applying machinery to the cultivation of the soil . It is reasonable to suppose that it will be as successful in the latter field , as it has been in the former—and if so , tie toil and drudgery of the farmer ' s life will be exchanged for the superintendence of a power capable of performing more work in a day than Could be performed under the old system by weeks of painful manual toil 4-
We might here again expatiate upon the revolution which the Steam Engine has already produced , in the demand for bmnan labour—a revolution that is gelng on , and will not end fill very little manual toil will be required in any branch of industry . We might » how , that as this revolution progresses , the condition of ths hired labourer must grow worse and worse , till the human machine ia driven wholly out of the market . We might dwell upon the suffering that must be the lot of men who vainly straggle to compete with a monster , having " nerves of iron , and animated by a pube of steam . " Bnt we will n » t dwell npon the prospective disadvantages that await the hired labourer j and the prospective benefits that lie before the man who fixes upon the soiL Let us confine ourselves to the present time—let us take things as they now exist —let "as compare ths hired labourer with the farm
settler , . who has only been one year on the soil . One toiling incessantly for a slender subsistence , and not secure of even that . The other toiling bard , to be sure , bnt surrounded bj waving fields , . blossoming orchards , and all the wealth and Innocence of a rural life ^—every thing that belongs to him growing better and better every year—the hopes that are brightening be ? yond bis present labours and difficulties—compare that man , indeed , with the recipient of a daily pittance , in return for his daily toil—unable to call any thing of valne his own—withont hope—without purpose—without assurance that his present wretched subsistence will be continued to him . Surely , even in the first year of his settlement , the condition of the farmer will be found vastly superior to that of the mere hired workman , and each succeeding year will add greatly to the difference of their respective conditions .
But it may be said that all we have here laid down is sufScieBtly obvious to every body . We believe that it is eo , and we anticipate you in saying that the resd question of difficulty is , bow te achieve those rights , and realiza those advantages , which everybody acknowledges to exist . Tour Committee can perceive bnt one way of ace « m * plishing those objects , and that it is by combination—by a determined and brotherly union of all citizans who believe the principles = * tforta to be jost in ihemselves , and necessary to the public welfare . We propose , therefore , that such unign be organ : a 3 d at once . It is our opinion that all citizens who desire to join the ranks of the National Rtformers should have an opportunity of doing so withont delay . Having recommended this step , it becomes our duty to submit for yonr adoption a Constitution , which may serve for present ortanizitiun .
After mature and anxious deliberation on the matter , we are unanimously of opinion that nothing can be effected without putting the Natienal Reform Test to every candidate for legislative office , State and National . Any one who would oppose the measure of justice for which we contend is not a Republican at all—he is a Monarchist in soul , and we should treat hia as such at the ballot-box . The labours of your Committee end here ; but we cannot close without expressing our belief that if the working men It 3 d the way manfully in this " reform , they will be immediately joined by a great majority of the nouprodn ring classes . TariDU 3 motives of a personal nature will indues them to join us , not to say a word about that patriotism and love of justice which , vre trust , belong alike to tyerj class in this Republican community . ¦
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" Nailg / ' Bays Dr . Ure , " are now mairafaotnre "< f with little or no aid from the human ' hand . "—" The making of nails , " he continues , " is no longer a handicraft operation , bat belongs to a Dictionary of Aits . " Notlong ago bread stuffs were ground inahandmill . Two men might beable with great labour to dry and grind a bnshel of grain in a day . Now one water mill will turn ont 1000 bushels in twenty-fouT hours . In bookbinding , Fre Informs us that a machine has been recently invented by an Englishman , named Hancock , which dispenses , entirely , with the operation of stiching , sewing , sawing-in and hammering the back , or the use of paste and glue . Calico printing was long a tediouB handicraft operation . It is now performed fey cylindrical machines revolving with the rapidity of light
In manufacturing steam boilers much of the labour is now performed by machinery . Thus we tee the iren monster , like other monsters , has the faculty of re-producing itself . : The employment which eur lakes and riveiB promised to afford to a numerous population , will be almost wholly superseded by the steam-engine aloat In the crafts of boet and shoe making , machinery 1 b beginning to shew itself—and we may not estimate the progress it will make in this departmentf even in oar own day . Certainly skill in this handicraft will afford very insecure dependence to our children . "Machinery , " says Dr . TJre , * ' is ready to accomplish every thi » g in the manufacture of hats ; but he adds that it is kept down for the present » y what he calls a lawless combination of the jeurneymen . " This is in Britain ; and the Doctor predicts that this combination will soon be broken dewn before the genius of machinery .
In ropemaklng the machine has taken almost entire possession . The recent improvements enable four or five men to do the work of ten times that number of regular hands . Such is the distress and desperation tkat this change has created among the working men , that several machine-houses have recently been destroyed in the neighbourhood of this city , by incendiary fires . They were , however , immediately rebuilt and are now in full operation . A machine for making bricks is now at work in Washington . It can mould SO , 000 bricks by the power of a single horse . These are turned out perfectly dry—ready for burning . At several points on the Hudson machines are In eperation tor the purpose of preparing elay for bricks—a laborious process that used to give employment to great numbers of labourers . Even our bakers are not safe—a powerful kneading machine is coming into extensive use in England .
Two-thirds of our carpenter work ia now performed by machinery . To this also is it coming with our shipbuilders . The letter-press printer belongs almost to a past order of tilings , and machinery is even trying its band at type setting . In currying leather they use a machine which actually makes one hide into two . Heavy cloth garments of an elegant style are now made in England by the hatting process , thereby dispensing with the thimble and shears . Our very scavengers are jostled out of the way by the same power—and whilst t » a Yankee Paddy moves the bills with all the ease of a Titan , the same power is hard at work in another quarter cutting out the precise machinery of Yankee clocks .
T Indeed we find that Steam has already entered the field of agriculture . Already are Steam-plonghs in profitable employment , even in British islands , where manual labour can be had for almost nothing . Already is a machine at work on our Southern plantations that can , in cultivating sugar , psrform the work of forty negroes—already do we ehserve that several patents have been taken out at Washington for machines to be used in the cutting down and gathering ia of field crops . The threshing machine is now in universal use ; Bnd doubtless every other description of machine that may be lequisite in agriculture will soon follow in its train .
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HOUSE OF LORDS—Friday , April 19 . The presentation of petitions chiefly in reference to the Dissenters Chapel BUI , and the Presbyterian Marriages question , was the only business dons . Their Lordships adjourned at half-past five o ' clock . Monday , April 22 . The only business done waa the presentation of petitions , chiefly connected with the Irish Presbyterian Marriages' Question .
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HOUSE OF COMMONS—Friday , April 19 . Lord Asblet presented several petitions from Huddersfield , Leeds , Norwich , Lambeth , Clerkenwell , Burnley , Southwark , Westminster , fiermondsey , Hoxton , Chelsea and Islington . Mr . Bxckett presented a petition from the litterpress printers of Lseds against the Masters and Servants BilL Mr . Fbrrand presented a petition , agreed to by 20 , 000 people at Bradford , against the Masters and Servants BilL Another to the same » ff # ct from Leeds . Also from the mechanics of Bradford , and from 230 workmen employed in the Queen's Head Factory . Sir G . Strickland presented a petition fram the boot and shoemakers of Preston against the Masters and Servants' BilL Mr . Duscan presented a petition praying that yoing persons should not be employed in factories .
Mr . T . Duncombe presented thirty-six petitions against the Masters and Servants Bill , from Manchester , Bolton , Glasgow , Birmingham , Norwich , Halifax , Warrington , Rochdale , and other places . Mr . Scott presented a petition from W&lsall , against the Masters and Servants' BilL
factory labotjr , Mr . T . Doncombe gave notice that on the second readlDg of the Factories Bill ( No . 2 ) he should move for a select committee to consider the limitation of young persons under ten years of age employed in factory labour . > lr . Roebuck gave notice that , in the event of the second reading of the Factories Bill being carried , he Bbould move , as an instruction to the committee on the Bill , not to entertain any : proposition for the restriction of the hours of labour of persons above the age of eighteen years .
Mr , Bright rose and said , that seeing the RightHon . Baronet the Secretary of State for tbe Home Department in his place , he wished to draw hia attention to the recent conviotion of an unfortunate woman for the murder of her child under very pecnliar circumstances . He ( Mr . Bright ) had no wish to ask the Right Hon . Baronet to give aay answer or pledge on the subject , but the circumstances of the case bad struck his ( llr . Brigbt ' s ) mind as being tbe most extraordinary that had occurred for many years . He was also induced to mention the case in consequence of applications which he had received from the country with respect to it If he understood tbe matter right , it appeared that the poor creature to whose conviction for murder he referred bad thrown herself into tbe water , with the child in her
arms , with the intention ( bting at the time in a etate of the utmost destitution ) of committing suicide ; that she was taken out of the water and her life preserved , bat tkat tbe child was dead . She had been tried for tbo murder of her child , and had been found guilty , and sentenced to death ; and , according to one of the reports ot her case , tbe judge had given her no hopes of a commutation of that sentence . Snch a statement of facts required no comment , and he should therefore make none—( hear , bear ) . He only hoped tbe attention of the Right Hon . Baronet , had been directed to the case , bo that public feeling would [ not be outraged by anything so opposed to the jurisprudence of the country as the enforcement of the sentence . At present he ( Mr . Bright ) would merely ask the Rght Hon . Baronet if bis attention bad been called to the case ?
Sir J . G-RAHAM replied that he did not feel it to be consistent with his duty to enter upon a discussion of the case mentioned by the Hon . Member for Durham . In point of fact , until a few moments before the Hon . Member put tbe question , he ( Sir J . Graham ) had not heard of the case either directly or indirectly . He should endeavour to exercise is a dispassionate manner his duty of advising the Crown in the case , and in administering the law ; but at present he must decline entering npon a discussion of the f « cts of the case . The principal business of the rest of tbe evening was the granting of Supplies ; bet previous to the House
resolving itself into a Committee for that purpose , there was a large amount of preliminary questioning and answering on various topics , some of them relating to the business of the House , others to technical matters , ¦ which , however interesting ' professionally / are not of that class of subjects in which the general public feel a lively interest . Part of the discussion was raised by Mr . Bellow ; who called attention to the appointment of certain stipendiary magistrates in Ireland , especially that of Mr . O'Brien . This led to some rather smart debating . The matter , after a laboured explanation from Lord Eliot , was dropped without any conclusion or result .
Tke Bubject of New Zaaland was also a topic of discussion . Mr . Hume adverted to the fact that the New Zealand Company had carried ont numerous emigrants without the means of employing or locating them profitably . Lord Stanley remarked ; that another opportunity would shortly occur of laying before Parliament the whole facts connected with this subject , and begged that the discussion would be deferred till that time , when the Government will afford every facility in their power . Mr . Aolionbt invited the most searching investigation into the affairs of the New Zealand Company . After some farther discussion , tbe House went into Committee of Supply , which occupied the main portion of the evening . The House adjourned at twelve o'cleck .
' - Mohday , April 22 . , Mr . DimcOMBE ^ reseated thirty petitions from the manufacturing districts in favour of a TenHourtf Factory Bill ; bIbo two petitions from Sheffield and Sunderland for the liberation of Thomas Cooper , and another in favour of the Charter . Dr . BowRiKGpresented a petition from Bolton against the Masters and Servants' BilL Mt R . Yobks piesented a petition from York , signed by from 2 , 0 ' eo to 3 , 000 persons agalnat the Masters and Bwvanta » BiU .
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' J / ¦ TACTORfBS lilXi ( NO . 2 ) . On the motion for the Qh .-1 <* of the Day bebgr read for the second reading of the Factories Bill ( No 2 ) , lJt : ? 0 EBU ? said he understood from the ipeaker , ttatthe proposition which he ( ft /* Roebuck ) bad made on Friday last could not be entprfe-ined by that Hofise . He WMperfectly ' -wi lling to bow to that Opinion , as he thought be should be able to bring the proposition forward in another way . He should put his proposition in . f 0 !™ ° ^ "so lution , and move it on Friday , in going into Committee on the Factories BilL PetitiouswerepreaentediBfflvdttr of a Ten Honrs * Bill by Mr . J . S . WORTLBT , from GMsta-bridge , Yorkshires Mr . Ferrari , , from E . Threlfall , from Baiy , in Lancashire , from a public meeting at Clssenden , and from tradesmen of the pariah of Bradford , and by Sir G . Strickland from PreBton . Petitions in favour of the Bill were presented by Captain Gordon from Abeiv deen , and by Mr . Gordon from Kiddenninater . M * Ward presented a petition from Huddersueld against the measure .
Some conversation arose as to the most convenient course to be adopted in taking the discussion on the BUI , Sir James Graham suggesting that the second reading should pass unopposed , and the debate be reserved till going into Committee . Mr . DCNCOMBE said it was his intention to move for a Select Committee up stairs , bnt he believed when the Order of the Day lor the House resiolving itself into a Committee of the ? whole House on the Factories' Bill was put , then must be ' the proper time for him te move that it be referredto a committee up stairs . The Committee would be confined to the question of wages , because ( there , was no use in the House deceiving itself on the subject ) there was a strong impression amongst tho operatives that the restriction of labour to ten hours would notreduce wages . He knew that they said , and that others in their behalf also said , that they preferred taking the consequence of a reduction of wagea ; but
then taeyalwayaBaid thatareduotionof wages would not be the cansejjnence —( hear , hear ) . The opposition of the Government to the Noble Lord ' s proposition wao founded upon the argument that it would be injurious to the working classes , in consequence of the reduction of wages tha » would necessarily ensue from it On a consultation with the Short-Time Committee lately , he ( Mr . Duncombe ) told them that he believed that a different Impression from that which they entertained prevailed in the House of Commons . They complained of the ignoranse of the House of Commons on this question , and , as practical men , he ( Mr . Duncombe ) proposed to them to go to a Committee of tbe House of Commons , and explain their grievances on the matter there , and , with regard to this particular point , meet tha argument of the master manufacturers that this limitation would reduce the amount of wages . They complained , and he thought justly , that tbe House attended more to the statements of masters and
mmowners , than to the feelings and representations of the operatives . He ( Mr . Duncombe ) believed it would be satisfactory to a , great portion of the working classes ; and he thought it toab also due te tbe public that some further investigation should take place on this subject He did not believe that which ha waa told would be the case if this Bill were referred to a ! Committee up stairs , that it would be hung up for the remainder of the session . He thought it better that it should be passed in the shape to which Ministers had at present reduced it That it would pasa in that shape there could not be tbe slightest doubt . It was a perfect delusion to suppose that the motion of the Noble Member for Dorsetshire could by any possibility be carried , or that it would be acceded to by the House .
The only chance the Noble Lord had of carrying his point was by fighting step by step in every stage In the progress of the Bill through the House for the principle which tbe House had already agreed to . The Noble Lord gave up an opportunity of introducing a clause in Committee , and he had given notice of his proposition for the third reading . The Noble Lord might have introduced the clause in Committee ; and he might also have introduced it on the report ; bnt be let those opportunities go by , and deferred it to the time when the Speaker was going to put the question from the Chair , that the Bill do pass . Then it was that the Noble Lord's cause was to be brought up , and the Right Hon . Baronet and the Government would then properly say to the Noble Lord
and to the ' House , that the clause which he proposed militated bo against the wbele principle of tbe Bill , and the provisions which had been already agreed to , that it would be totally impossible for the House now to accede to It There would be perfect good sense in that . It was perfectly proper on the part of the GoTernment bo to do if they allowed , as the Noble Lord was about to do , tho Bill , to slip through the House until it was about being passed . Then the Noble Lord would , . ' as it were , take a flying shot at tbe Bill . But , as it was to pass , and when he went to discharge hia second barrel at it be would find that tbe game was gone—( hear , hear , and laughter ) . That would be result of all the
discussion that had taken place , aad of the decision which the House had come to , that women and children should not work for more than ten hours —( bear , hear ) . The operatives thought that the Noble Lord ( Ashley ) and the House had been trifling with their interests—that the whole thing was a delusion from beginning to end . The only course now was for tho Right Hon . Gentleman opposite ( Sir James Graham ) to agree to a Committee . Lst the masters and the men meet before an impartial Committee , and let the public be thus satisfied waa was in the right , and who was in tbe wrong ; only by these means could they disabuse tbe public mind of the impression which prevailed that they were totally ignorant of the interests ot those for whom they were legislating .
Lord Ashley said it had not been his intention to make a single remark , but the observations of tbe Hon . Member for Finsbury ( Mr . Buncombe ) induced him to read to the House thrae Hues of a letter received by him ( Lord Ashley ) that morning . The Hon . Gentleman said the operatives conoidered that he ( Lord Ashley ) had deluded them—that hia conduct was , in fact , tantamount to a surrender . Now he ( Lord Ashley ) believed that tho operatives of England were quite as fit judges of what was for their own good as the Honourable Gantleman , the Member for Finsbury —( hear , hear)—and he also thought they bad amongst them ten times more justice and ten times more candour than he could pride himself upon —( cheers and laughter ) . The letter , from which he was going to quote , was written by authority
of the Central Short Time Committee of Lancashire , and it said thus : — '' We are all of opinion that the course you have adopted is the bcs 5 that under the circumstances you could have taken . We shall give you all the support that lies in our power . " After some discuBBion , tbe Speaker intimated that on Friday next , when the bill is to go into committee , Mr . T . Duincombe's motion will bs taken first , and will be put in the form of a proposition , that the order for going into a Committee of the whole House be discharged , in order that tbe question be put of referring the bill to a select committee , with a view of receiving evidence as to what will be the effect on wages of the limitation to ten hours . When that has been disposed of , it will be competent for Mr . Roebuck , or any . other Member , to propose any motion relevant to the subject
The Factory Bill having been read a second time , Dr . Nicfeoll moved the Becond reading , of the Ecclesiastical Courts' Bill , passed by the House of Lords . He gave a short history of the fate of former bills , and explained that the present measure proposed to abolish all peculiar jurisdictions , thereby getting rid of about three hundred courts ; but to retain the diocesan courts , and to treat every place and every benefice as within the archdeaconry , diocese , and province of its actual locality ; to take away ecclesiastical jurisdiction in matters of tithe and defamation ; to make certain provisions for tbe introduction ef viva voce evidence Bnd trial by jury ; and to invest the ecclesiastical judges with powers of enforcing their own judgments . The bill proposed also to give compensations , assessable by the Treasury , to those officers whose emoluments should have been taken away or greatly reduced by these changes .
Sir George Grey expressed h ! s astonishment that Dr . Nlcholl , who , last year , had ao ably pleaded for the abolition of the diocesan courts , should now propose this inadequate reform , and perpetuate thirty-five ecclesiastical courts , condemned by the ecclesiastical commiBslon , and by public opinion . The bill would actually perpetuate : these nuisances , instead of preparing the way for their abrogation at a future period . Tbe Right Honourable Baronet went into considerable detail , in order to ehow that the retention of these diocesan courts not only caused en essential difference
in tbe principle of the present bill from that of last year , but that the evils invelved in the continuance ef their jurisdiction would more than counterbalance any good which tbe present measure confessedly contained . Why did not Ministers honestly confess the tratb ., that there were interests out of doors to which they had succumbed ? For himself , if the Bill were to pass , he would give up all hope of ever seeing any further ecclesiastical reform ; and on that ground he £ elt himself justified is reoTing , as as amendment , that the Bill bo read a second time that day six months .
A discussion ensued , in which Sir R . Inglis , Lord Grovenor , Sa J . Graham , Lord John Russell , Colonel Sibthorpe , Mr . Elphinstone , and Mr . Watson took part . The House divided on Sir G . Grey ' s amendment , when th » re , appeared—Against the amendment 153 For it » ..... ; , 59 i Majority 99 Mr . T . Ddncqmbe , after the devieion upon the amendment , renewed the debate upon the main question . He said , the Right Hon . Baronet opposite last year declared that the measure which be . then proposed was an honest measure , so help him God !—( hear . ) Bnt
this Bill was totally , dieaimilor—( hear , hear ) .. By the former it was proposed to sweep away all the diocesan courts , and ., amongst them , the court at York , over which an Hon . and Laaraed Member of . that House presided , and who - ' admitted—most extraordinary confession that it v / as—that sometimes he decided light and Bometlmes ¦ wrong—( " hear , " and laughter ) . But there was another point in which this Bill varied from the former one , vizi by the one Bill the patronage of the office t > f the D < ian of arches yhb vested in the Crown , by the other it was to be vested In the bishop—( hear ) . All tbe approbation , tken ,, which the House thought ' proper to impart to _ tha _ Right Hon . Gentleman last year was now thrown away . If the former
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were an honest measure , how [ could thi » beso ? He opposed-that became it did not go far esongh ; and he now opposed this because it did not go- so far—( bear , hear ) . He said there ought to be no . ecclesiasti cal courts at all—(" Hew , " and laughter ) . We wanted no canon law—( langhter } . Wo wanted only common sense and justice . The eccJealasticil courts were founded pro salute anima , for the seal ' s hesltD ; but that having been abandoned , the courts eught to be abandoned also —( great laughter ) . They allowed no trial by jury except in tbo discretion of the Judge ; . but as they bad now the right ot imprisoning for chrsrch-i'atei , such a trial ought to be given . Tke Right Etc * . Baronet said that his measure lost year was , so hel ^ him € fod , an honeat measure ; and be ( Mr . 4 ? tacomte ) would say now that be believed , so help ! him Go < 3— ( hear , and cries of " t > - !*') - —that this was ane of the grossest jobs and greatest disgraces ever practised on the eountry . i
Sir R . Peel defended the course- he bacS pursued with respect to this measure . \ Mr . Charles Bvxibr remarked that Sir Robert Peel had loBt sight of the honesty of tie Bill ia vindicating tbe honesty of bis intentions . Shrinking from the opposition which they encountered last year ; they brought in tbe present miserable Bill , which created twenty-nine new judgesbrps , but grappled with none of the real evils of the system . j Dr . Nichols , made a few observations In reply , aa * the Bill was then read a second time . - Sir James Grauasi then proposed that tha County Courts' Bill should pass tnrough Committee , proforma r in order to introduce some alterations , with the view that it should proceed hereafter pan passw with the Superior Courts Common Law BilL After some discussion this was adopted . {
In answer to Lord John Russell , it was Btated that the Irish Registration Bill would not cooia on till-after the 6 tb of May . j The House adjourned at a quarter-post twelve .
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j ATROCIOUS 0 UTRAGE 4 G 0 VERNMENT INFORMERS . ¦ j Tbe following extraordinary statement appears in tbe Limerick Chronicle ot yesterday : — " On Thursday night , about 12 o ' clock , a range of buildings in the demesne of A dare , part of tbe outoffices of the Earl of Dunraven , were maliciously fired , and the Countess of Dunraven , who happened to be returning in her carriage from George Foabery ' s , Esq ., of Currabridge , was , probably , tbe first to observe tbe flames , when the servants immediately gave the alarm , and with tbe active assistance of bis lordship ' s household , and tbe z&lous co-operation ef the country people in tbe vicinity , most fortunately tbe conflagration was subdued , without having communicated to the adjoining store houses and sheds , which contained & quantity of valuable materials fer the noble mansion
now being ereoted on tbe ground . A party ef police were on tbe spot as soon as the fire was aeen , and searched all over tbe demesne , but discovered no trace of the offenders . On Friday morning , Sub-inspector Williams , of this city , despatched constable Rtidy , and another policeman , to Adaiei where they examined the scene of the fire , and arrested James Regan , Maty * bis wife , and Mary Bums , in the village of Adare , on suspicion of being actually implicated in tbe burning . When these three persona were seen in custody of the police , the people of Adare surrounded the party , manifesting the greatest indignation and astonishment , threatening violence to the prisoners , and exulting in their capture . It required more than one © the joint force of the escort to save them from summary
vengeance . James Regan , the prisoner , bad been an accomplice in a whiteboy attack upon the house of Mr . Joseph Lindsay , near Adare , in June , 1842 , for firearms . At Spring asaizss , 1813 , Regan turned approver , and prosecuted to conviction four men , his accomplices la this outrage , and they were sentenced to seven years ' transportation . His evidence on that trial , however , was corroborated by Mr . Lindsay ; who identified one of the party . Since that time Regan has been supported as a public prosecutor by tbe crown . It Is charged that he was aided in the burning of the stables by tbe two Women , who , report has it , prompted him to shoot one of the sertants of Lord Dnnraven , when going for his mistress to Currabrldce . On searching Regan ' s person
some flints were found , two laoifer matches , and the names of tan persons on paper , presumed to be the victims of a false information , aa the real incendiaries . On the same night two panes of glass were broken in Adare church , and a train of powder was found yesterday morning , extending from tbe communion table to Lord Dunraven ' a pew I Tbe stones which broke tbe windows were found in the churcb , and tbe train was to have been secretly Ignited on Saturday night . A blunderbuss was also found in the garden of a man who was to have been prosecuted as an accomplice ia this infernal plot One of the female prisoners , it is understood , baa divulged great part of tbe revolting ingredients of this conspiracy , j
This day ( Saturday ) Mr . Tracy , S . M ., and severa other magistrates assembled at tha police-office , to investigate tha circumstances connected with tha above atrocious outrage , when informations were taken against the parties charged . The prisoners were called , and having been informed of tbe nature of tbe offences for which they had been arrested , ! Regan replied that it was useless for him to say anything when so many charges were made against him . It appeared tb&t Mary Burns bos been a crown witness , and prssecoted for the robbery of Mr . Stafford O'Brien ' s man , but recently was not under pay . The prisoners have been committed for further examination , as fresh evidence is being offered against them .
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XaONDON Metropolitan Delegate Council , April 21 . —Mr . Treblecock in the chair . Mr . Sulmon , on behalf of the St Andrew Locality , presented a great quantity of registration forms to the Cduncil , which waa accepted and a vote of thanks returned . On the motion of Mr . Coffay , it was resolved that » public open-air meeting be held on Tuesday , April 30 th , to petition against the Master and Servants' ] Bill , —tbe Irish Disfranchisement Bill of Lord EJotr-and in favour of the Ten Houri > 'Clau 86 in the Factory Bill—and the Release of Cooper from Stafford Goal . On tbe motion of Mr . Simpson , it was resolved that the meeting be held on Kennington Common . A sub-Committee of five was then appointed to make the necessary arrangements as follows : —Messrs . Cuffay , Stallwoed , Simpson , Treblecock , and Humphreys . :
HAMILTON . —According to previous arrangement , four delegates went from this place last Friday night , to the examination of Mr . John M'Crjae'a school , conducted on democratic principles in tbe town of Strathaven . The examination lasted from eleven o ' oleck a . m . to four p . m ., which gave the greatest satisfaction . There are about a hundred scholars ; a great number of persons were present , who expressed their decided approbation of Mr . M'Crae'B excellent management . Mr . M'Crae has succeeded in again reviving Chartism in Stratbaven , and is doing all In his power to advance tbe good cause , recommending , wherever he goesj tbe Northern Star as the only paper where the cause of the oppressed is upheld . Ho has consented to give a lecture on the signs of the timea in Hamilton , ion Friday , the 26 th current '
MACCIiEEFIEtD . —GLORIOUS Demonstration . —On Saturday evening last this itown and neighbourhood were all excitement &nd bustle , owing to tbe appearance of large posters , announcing that Messrs . O'Connor , West , M'Graih and Clark , would attend and address tbe people at five o ' clock in tbe afternoon , on Park Green , whioh bad been granted by the Mayor for that purpose . Long before the time appointed for commencing business the Green was literally covered with anxious thousands , when it became known Mr . O'Connor could not attend , as he was unavoidably detained at a meeting in Stevenson ' a-square , jMancbeater . At five o ' clock , Mr . Stnbbs was called to the cbaiT , and opened the buainesa of the evening by reading the bill convening the meeting ; after which he called on Mr .
Henry Hargreaves , who moved a resolution in favour of the Tan Hours Factory Bill . Mr . Riley seconded the motion . The Chairman called on Mr . Thomas Clark , of Stockport , to support it , who Ion coming forward was warmly received ; he spoke in a very energetic manner , exposing the inhumanity of those political economists , who felt jso much for the sufferings of the poor and would give them more trade , but could not feel sufficiently to tote for a curtailment of the boura of labour . Mr . C . continued at length to prove the benefit to be derived from the measure and eat down loudly cheered . The motion wab then put and carried . —Mr . Barnett , In an able and argumentative speech , moved the adoption of a petition against Lord Eaofa Irish Disfranchising j Bill . —After being
seconded , Mr . We Dixon , of Manchester , ms introduced to support it , which he did in a powerful and effeotive speech , which was enthusiastically received ; he dealt some heavy blows to the masters for their tyranny to their bands , and concluded by exposing in an able manner tbe effect Eliot's Bill would have if allowed to pass into law . Mr . Dixon retired amidst the enthusiastic plaudits of the assembled thousands . The petition was then put to the meeting and carried unanimously . Mr . Bentote then proposed a resolution for tbe Charter , which having been seconded , Mr . West rose to support it , and waa loudly cheered . He entered on the BUbject in the most able manner , and took the Free Traders to task . A < great many of these gentlemen were present , but durst not show fight . Mr . "West referred to a statement imade by Mr . Bright , M . P ., to the effect that shortly [ after the adoption
of free trade in Bilk by Mr . Huskisson , that gentle man wsb drawn into Macclesfieldby the populace ! Now , he ( Mr . West ) wanted to know if such really web the case 7— - ( loud cries of »• No , no . " > He Bhould also like to know if HoakUfion ' a >« Free Trade" measure had given'them more wages ?•—( Cries of " No jit mined , us . " ) Well , then / said Mr . -West , if -snob-be thBcase ; I want to fenoyr what businessi thesei men fcave to traverse the country , telling such infamous false , hooda ? But their day had gonei by . The Chartists had forced them to hide their diminished heaSa . Mr . West continued--in the most eloquent manner , to belabour the factions , and concluded ! amidst loud cheers . The motion waa put , and carried jby a meeting of not less than five thousand people , j Three cheers . were given for the Charter , and O'Connor and , Duneomie ^ and tee meeting separated , —THQM as " CLARK .
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SAtTOR V .-On Tuesday the 16 th inst ., Messrs CoJquhoud a * Glasgow , and Jonea of LiverpooL , addressed the pe ° P lc of tni 8 place , in their large room * Great Georset treet , in a truly forciblo , convincing and - inetrneifn ' 8 tvle - Ofl Wednesday the 17 th in » t ., Messrs . Wi * ite , Bairatow , and Parkes addressed tho people of thia P ^ ce , to the edification and satisfaotioa of those who heard tJiem- Thirteen new members enrolled . On Thursday the ISA mst ., Mr . Harrison of NottiD ^ ham , Mr . Dorman , and MrvT . M . Wheeler deliver * d soul-Bhrnng addresses , which sunk deep into tbe a inds of tha people , and promiB 8 good fruit . On Fridi V Y the 19 th insU Mr . Mason , and Mr . West , addres . ^ « P ° P ^ re- The sitting of the Convention ' «» this district has caused a revival of Chartism . Ni imbers of members have been enroSed ^
ABERDEEN . —We fea ve again had a visit of Mr Robert Peddie from Edfnl 'H ^ n , and it is needless to say that the Chartists of . th'B city were very tflad to meet the noble patriot . He arrived late on Friday evening , and lectured in the Chariist-hall , on tho afternoon and evening of Su nday following , on the Scriptaie passage " Be suVjv ct to the powers that be . " Oa this text he expat >» , 'ed most convincingly , showing bow much its true m eaning had been perverted by a tjme-serving pr . iesthood , who have hitherto speculated too- largely on the credulity of the mass of the people , by hok 1 JD £ that all laws , however oppressive , destrBetwe . of human life , or morality , were in aocbrdanew w . th God ' s will , because it happened to be elsawfea re recorded in the Bible , " that the powers that be are ordained by God . " On Monday evening ,, fee- discoursed very much to oar edification on th& mii arable , and
lifedestroying , hardships of tho Tfrorii n K clas 3 es . On Tuesday he delivered a lecture te t . ta Quarry-men , at the Dancinft-cairna . Subject , — fc The rise and progress . of Chartism . " The Q&azryi men listened to Mr . Peddie with profound atteatlenf and when ho closed his discourse , was greeted wi th the hearty shake of the hand of many wana-hi carted honest men . Mr . Peddie ' s visit will be firaugl it with much good ; and while he continues to steer £ uch an even , and upright course , will always meet a hearty welcome from the working men of Aberdeen , P . S . Wo observe with pleasure that Mr . Peddie ia shortly to » publish a small work to be called ; ** Th » 9 Dungeoa Harp . " Considering the extraordi&ary t amount of suffering which Mr . P . sustained in his p . ^ rson andl family , for propogating the principles of ho , iesty and truth , he has purchased at a rather dea r rate , a claim for our spmpathy and support ..
That Extensivb Ham ., in Blackfnars-stp Jet , now called tho " Union Hall , " which aseasnrt « 3 , 840 feet square , and which was purchased some fc ' me ago for the accommodation of the working class * w , has now been paid for by the committee ,, and tho titledeeds are in progress of being conveyed to the shareholders . Owing to many false seporis which had been industriously circulated by those who have ao wish to benefit the working classes , a portion of the 2 , 000 shares remain to bejsold ; these , however , the committee expects will now be takes . The committee in this matter , has had a great deal of uphill labour to perform . The property has been inspected by practical men who bad no personal interest in the matter , and the main of their several valuations show , that the hall alone , is worth doable the
purchase price ; leaving ninety feet of vacant ground oa ths line of St . Andrew ' s-street , and fifty or thereby , on Blackfriars , for buildingjpurposes , which , when let at the ordinary rate * will do more than cover tha original ground rent , and thus leave a balance in favour of the hall , which can be annually applied for repairs . Here then , like our brethren in England , we have been anxiously engaged in seeking a permanent place of residence wherein we can meet in friendly converse , to cultivate those mental energies of which the human mind is capable . Such a lasting memorial of patriotism being secured in times of dire oppression , when avaricious landlords placed it far beyond the reach of working men , to rent a comfortable habitation , will always be a subject truly gratifying . — Correspondent .
^Arlianwniarg Snithigaic*.
^ arlianwniarg SnitHigaic * .
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Mr . Mackenzie , from the Committee , then read a Constitution and Pian of Organization for the working classes throughout the United States , containing the pledge , aspnblished in the "People ' s Bights . " Tha document being necessarily elaborate , it waa resolved that it ba printed in tbe " People ' s Rights ' . " and that another meeting be held to decide npon it , at Croton Hall , on Thursday evening , March 28 . Loud calls were then made on ilike Walsh to address the meeting . Mr . Walsh beggod to be exensed ; but the calls being continned , Mr-Walsh ascended the platform and made b moat eloquent spaech , in ¦ which he asserted the right of the destitute to a Bhare of the publi « domain , considering it the true and only remedy for the depression of hoaest Lbour .
After some further remarks from gentlemen present , and as the metting was about to adjourn , the Secretary said that as the PJan of Organization that would probably he adopted at the next meeting contemplated Blgnatnres to the Pledge , and as the next meeting would probably be so crowded that this business would occupy muc » time , he suggested that those who were prtpared to do so should sign the pledge this evening , and he moved that in compliment to the able address of Mr . Walsh , he be requested first to put down his name , The motion being carried by acclamation , Mr . Walsh immediately signed his name , a *; d the example was followed by as many as could well get access to the feook .
The neenng then adjourned . James A . Prss , Chairman George H . Evans , Secretary .
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Good . —By the last Arkansas Intelligencer we sea that the young men of Van Buren are forming what they term a "Shirt and Fie Club , " the avowed objeofc of which is to encourage joung ladies in the manufacture of shirts and pies . Chicken Manuf&ctory . —Nature is getting superfluous . We rather think she will soon be voted out of fashion and dispensed with . There is a chap just over our publication office hatching chickens in a big box , fifty a day , having a thousand eggs always
doing . The trouble of attending them is slight , tbe heat costs very little , and the chickens crack their several shells and walk up to their dough and water like wood-choppers to dinner or sailors to their grog They are clean , strong and lively , grow fast aad rarely die , ( not being draggled through , tha grass ); and whoever has a hatching machine can have Spring Chickens every week in tbe year , and at small expense . If you could only invent a machine to lay eggs now , hens . would he done with .- ^ - iV F Tribune .
Mb . Muggeridge , the Commissioner appointed by the Government to inquire into the condition of the workmen in the lac © and hosiery trade has commenced his inquiries at Leicester . Amount op Capit > l invested in Railways . — On Saturday last a return was issued of all money raised under acts , whereby railroad companies have been incorporated , from January , 1826 , to January 1844 , distinguishing tbe sums raised a 3 principal , from the sums to be raised by loan or mortgage The return contains the names of 121 railways , and the titles of no fewer than 260 Acts of Parliament , which passed in th « years mentioned , under which
the moneys were raised . Trie entire sum was £ 79 , 025 , 317 ! of which enormous sum £ 57 387 , 735 was capital in joint-stock , and £ 21 , 638 , 582 to bo raised by loan or mortgage . The Irish Fuakchise Bill . —I vestured to anfcioipata , last week , that the Irish Franchise ( or , as you rightly designate it , Disfranchisement ) Bill would not pass ia a * . y shape during the present session . This now appears to be the general belief . Bat , nevertheless , it is imperatively necessary to be watchful and vigilant , for if there should be flagging in the preparations for determined opposition , the Ministry might attempt to proceed with the Bill , — - Dublin Evening Post .
The Season and the Chops . —The present season has hitherto been one of the finest that we have had for several years for promoting the growth of those crops which are already sown , and enabling the farmers to prepare the land lor those which remain to be Bown . In all the counties of England , between Liverpool and Southampton , as well as in Normandy and the other northern provinces of Franco , in Belgium , in Rhenish Prussia , and in Germany , as far as Frankfort , the wheat crops this year are most promising . We do not remember to have seen above half a dozen , bad fields of wheat in a journey of a thousand or twelve huudred miles . Ia general the plant is very thick , the colour good , and the . promise of the crop excellent . The same observation applies to the oa& , the rye , the clover , and
rape crops on the Continent , and to the grass crop 3 in England . In tho limestone districts of Normandy and in Flanders , as well as in the rich district between Maycnce and Frankfort , the clovers are unusually fine this year , and it is a remarkable proof of what may be effected by rich cultivation , that the Colza , a rape plant , was afc leasfc a yard high , and in full bloom , in Easter week , between Malines and Antwerp , at a time when it was not even in bud ia districts of France a couple of degrees farther south-Owing to the heavy rains of March , and the general warmth of the first fortnight in April-, this and most other crops were as forward as they were ever known to be at this season all the way from Havra to the Rhine . In this neighbourhood , and throughout England generally , they look as well as could be wished . —Liverpool Times .
A Mounted Tar . —The characteristic humour of our tars , which , though checked by discipline , could not be wholly subdued , was a constant source of mirth to the more precise and well-drilled soldier . For instance , at Alexandria on the 13 th of March , 1801 , I remember Beeing a dare-devil of a boatswain ' s mate , belonging to the Tiger , mounted on a donkey , and charging with the dragoons against a body of infantry . He was repeatedly capsized , bnt escaped unhurt , got all a-tant to again , and with nothing but a ship ' s cutlass ^ did considerable execution .- He was one of the battalion under Sir
Sydney Smith , and well did he . play his part . Jack manoeuvred his craft in good style , till the animal took it into , his obstinate head , to make sail for the city ; when the seaman , wishing to avoid an immediate Interview with the authorities , slipped off and rejoined hia party . The French were rather annoyed at this burlesqae exhibition , and many & musket was 2 eveited to bring Jack down , bat no * a ball marked him , and except- a few bruises and BcratcheB from his many falls , he was otherwise unscathed . The English soldiers cheered hinvon ; and frequently , amidst the roaring of the aifaUew , and the rattling peals of musketry , loud shouts of laughter arosel Jack **^ - f »^ l £ ? % * $ «* goon , or was rolling , ass and all , upon the ground *—UnitedSefvice Journal . ¦ _ : t Dr . Pusey . —Edward Bouvene Pasey ib the second son of the late Hon . Philip _ Pusey and
grandson of theEarlof Radnor . His father assumed the name of Pusey on becoming the possessor ' : Of Pasey , in the county of Berks , an estate held by that family from a period considerably anterior to the Norman conquest , and beld nnder a grant from Canute by cornage , or the , -Betvjcebf iaborn . vTbe Pusey horn ia well known ^ to antiquaris . Dr . Pnst » y was born in 1800 ,= and entered the University of Oxford in 1818 ^ : as a gentleman commoner of Christ Charch . Hia name appears in the first class in 1822 . Shortly afterwards he-became a Fellow of Oriel College ; in 1824 he obtained the prize for the Latin essay ; and in * 1828 he became Regius Professor of Hebrewv and Canon Of Christ Church . In this year he married a lady since deceased . In 1825 he had taken the degree of M . A ., and at the usual periods subsequently took those of B > D ., and-D . D . Dr . Lr . Pusey is therefore in ; bis . forty-fouxth year , —Sptnt of ttoAgei " [ .
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* In spinning cotton , Balnea informs na that one man can now produce as . much yarn as 25 , 300 men could have -done nndtr the old Byutem . '' This machine-spun yam , " says Dr . Ure , * ' possesses a more nniform twist , and is , in every respect , superior to hand-span yarn As in spinning , bo in weaving . One water-wheel , or engine , will set 1000 looms to work . One . or tboise looms will make abont as mnch doth as four looms worked by the hand ; one female superintends several looms , merely _ to espply full bobbins , and mend threads that happen \ & break , in tbe process of -weaving . "
Untitled Article
Apm 27 , 1844 . THE NORTHERN STaVR- 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 27, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1261/page/7/
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