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THE NORTHED STAR. SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1844.
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MONIES IlECEIVED BY MR. O'CONNOR.
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5To meatier? antr dFortrflSpontrentg.
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THE RECENT; MURDERS NEA.R NOTTINGHAM.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE SCOTCH FISHERIES . 1 ETIXB . IL Mb . Editob , —When I dosed my 1 ? " * letter , I aid not intend to say a -word about the herring fishery ; bnt ftere having stow I > en put Into my hands Chamber ' s Edinburgh Journal , New Serin , No . 14 , containing an article treating on this fishery , which might tend to mislead , 1 shall review it and tfite my objections t : « eioi lie eayg , fpaje 223 ) " ft a well known , that Voat is called &e deep-sea Esherj * ( Jhat carried on t > y vessels from thirty to eighty tons , and % a which the kffi . nnsa are pickled and sieved for the time leing ) is « ctndier aod more certain source of profit than the ^ at fishery—partly from Treating in "with the Batliest « nd I " ~ t £ A , and partly from the ahoala being less fieKe in their movemfflfts than -when closer in shore . " he the of
JB ^ des this t £ nn tliat " rame style capture « waimig that of the test e-mtxay , " ?« adheared to with « n it * tsdionsness as * danger ^ the S * her beats rows tis way forward , sad he toils in the same . Blow manner ti % o his s > -itioB , "" Now it appears evident to me , ¦ fiat the wutat of fk& * article had only been a * ' fireside ¦ fisher , " who knew nothing of i ^ practinl workinfs , otherwise he crest have known , that although a boat -could remain flt raa for aeveraV days , r- many times ibb easily might , there would be a cerioua loss to her ¦ crew by so doing ; and I will in the first pis' i show fcow this wosid happen , for I writs with a -view to -benefit all those who may incline to embark in the trade . A boat , with four of a crew , generally carries -428 fathoms of net" ? . Mr . Chambers "Says , "decked Ttssels -would carry a much larger quantity , " and bo " ? hey would , perhaps 1 , 260 fathoms or sixty nets , wonld
not be an -extravagant compliment for a vest 2 l of eighty tons . Kow it is well known ta every person employed in the mann / acfcnre of herring nets , that a jew one , if fourteen scores deep , with mountings , including bews , &t , will cost at lesst three pounds ten shillinga . It is equally well knewn , that the nets doling the time they are being used , must be regularly spread out and -dried , otherwise they would barely L-5 t a reason . I bare often seen whole large Sse *^ of exr 3 Uent nets completely destroyed from the wrnt of proper att 2 ntion ; lor if they be allowed to lie in the boat in a hot day fter a heavy fishing they aia irrecoverably lost . Teasels -at sea are so situat : d that the ne - c : nnot be pisservt 3 . Taring instead of barking hri 1 en tried ; salting them in the bold hfs been had recourse to , r * well as hoisting them by the ends to the mast head , and still a sapid destruction awaited them , so much so , that I fcavB known at the dose of a trssos a 1 < t of one
hundred poufida on forty net * , a sum equal to the Tame of jwo hundred barrels of unsalfl fsh . Again , in the early part of the ser-on , when the nigh * -, are short , the greatest expedition must 13 exercised *> get the sets into the water about fun setting , and in calm evenings the boats are pulled from the nets ri ttey are shot . In weather of this description the ver . als would log on the water and do notb ' ng , wl > ? e rbe boa's anight net plenty offish ; on the other hand , were it blowing a bretia the distrora to nd frem the fishing ¦ ground is of no consequence , and I nerer heard it complained of « a t' k by the fishermen . B- ' -ides all this , frequent erimin&tion and hauling are -often necessary in order to prearvo the fish in m : ~ h .
« s well as the nets tbemrelvf i from being torn to piecas by dog fish ; ahuang ground several tfcnea in a night in search of fish , getting foul -of different flee {~ i when they lie in a narrow compr— -, or otherwi : 3 , by ? he -difference of the rapidity of drift , 1 wording to the "weight of the bo »\ andmafaia ]; eh ^ tige of enrren *^ and many other xairees too numerous to mention , all tend to make different fleets clash together . All thess unr -voidable cirenmstant . s weigh so beat / with me , that I would hesitata in employing decked vessels in th' < line of the fishery , and although boats were taken out "with them to wort tie nets , still another difficulty ai : ses , in Hie impossibility to pnt the herrugs on board the ve : sels , for with the lei ~ t lift of sea , the boats world 1 : -dashed to piece * alongside .
Thus then , the herring txr le vri" not admit of being profitably carried on by d : dt ivtsols , and although «* am boa * - were employed , they would 1 : found too expensive and l-rs efficient , so that en the whole I know of no rational method whereby the pr at mt ie « an be much improved , except by enlr * ging the pri -at -description of craft , and r ? < drg a bosh-rope r ' ong the head of the ne - . This I think wonld 1 -of great adrant 23 e to the fishermen , n it wcrTa enable them to ¦ use a small capstm or wicch , witn which the ne * i might be the more ersily recoTered : 1 asides this , * he additional kz : of the boat * wonld enable them to etv tiln heavier weather ; the necessity of slacking off before S deep or broken sti would isHomer o ^ -ur , rid what . * * of the highest hnpoilance , the life-dfstioyingprocr t of striMng the masts in blowing weather could be done
sway with altogether , Otierve , ?^ ain , the Isle of Man f -hermen , use large schooners , i ! ggcd boa , many of wbicfe exceed twenty tons ; the ; : ? 'e rendered absolutely necessary , owing to the « xtxaordinary diversity -of tide which surrounds this Island . Tb -5 people fi * h differently in one particclar from our e : " ^ cor -t men , and that is , they allow thirteen fathoms , and some of tfrpm even eighteen , of fenoy rope lo their ue' -j , and aborten up gradurily ti the sey ^ on advances , while our fitbas invariably use only three witbonl rr-p jt to light 01 dark nights . I am not prepared to ny that our east corst men are wrong , but this I can affiim , that in bangrtluctantly compelled by my crew to follow their rale , I constantly found in light sights about a fathom p ' ong the tele or bottom of the nets well fished and all above quite dean .
THE COD , XI 5 G , HiUBO , JL > 'D SKATE riSBEST . In trtatiig on this important branch of trade , I shall "be as particular as possible , in Kfdy guiding tee inexperienced capitalist or company wbo may embark in the trade , from grounding on the shoals of disapointment It will , therefore , be neceMary for me to go lack and state some of the causes which hti hitherto made it a failure ; and , in r oisg this , 1 shall nof travel bsyond the sphere of my actual observation . In the year 2818 , a number of gentlemen and ladles belonging to Stonehsven , took it into their heads to form a joint-stock fishing company , with a capital of j £ 3 , 500 , to be divided into shares of £ 50 pounds each . Previous , however , to making a final settlement , " it was resolved and agreed upon , only to engr ^ e two English veaselB for a ttf-on , which , if successful , the company would then bs formed , and that the subscribers be then merely taxed to . pay & -sum necessary to defray expences . "
Agreeable to this resolution two smacks t ilonging to Harwich were engaged at £ 2 $ a month . These vessels fished so successfully , an u so great was the return of p re ft , that be considered himself a . ncky man who had a £ hare ; and various lacies , who hid long signalised thfcmBelves as money gripers , were greedDy apply ! g to be enrolied . The Company w- - > now formed in good earnest under the direction of a committee , chiefly composed of men of the law . Daring the Tollowing -winter a vessel was ordered to be bnilt at Aberdeen , her crew to be thoroughly bred in the trade , and belonging to Gravesend or Harwich . An extensive premises for a eming station was bargained for , which underwent extensive alteratisns and repairs : a vast quantity of
Etave wood for barrels was laid in ; a master cooper , with a number of underlings were employed , as wri likewise a gentleman ciexk to keep accounts , ai . d overlook the whole . All this weight of machinery web just set a-going to the tune of nearly the whole capital ; and its existence entirely depended upon the success cf one Tessel—of course tbe coopers wrought hard and made plenty of " Barrel * , but no peaun could-fathom what they -were intended for , because all the Eummer fish which were caught by tbe Teasel were dried on tbe . sea-beach , and instantly stored , while those captured during tbe winter were carried b / the vescsl alive to the London market , which circumstance sadly perplexed the mnUr r TOper , who saw no vent for his barrels .
The Committee , however , at the earnest request of the cooper , Btnt a v&a 2 to tke Moray Firth to purchase herrings , and a cargo of Bait and barrels were immediately ihipped . This arrangement induced tbe company to employ an additional clerk , who was isnt "with the vessel , and sailed upon the expedition ably manned with coopers . This turned out a most unprofitable trip , but it-did not deter the company from forcibly pushing their way , for tbe year fallowing they dispatched another vessel upon the ssme errand , and ahe likewise made an un&nrsessfui voyege . She tumbled about in the Moray Firth a whole month for
eleven cracB , which cost tleTea shillings each , and owing to their having been roused in the hold , and not put into barrels , ih * t 3 hundred bushels of salt w « destroyed . X > ne thousand barrels were , during three periods , cured at home , but owing to their cot having fcaen properly supplied with 6 / int , they were in a great measure Jostj tais made the partners frttfal , and a general cry wn raised for a dinolution , which was at once adhered to . The vecsel and other stores were sold at a mere fraction of their original cost , redncing tbe « ompsBy to the necessity of advancing a proportional sum , according to their shares , to dear off Urn balance of debt which hadt 3 en incurred .
Thus ended a speculation which was well intended , l > ni fooli £ hly conducted , and which I shall now balance against an adventure of three young men , all of -whom ¦^ tpei ^ tradesmen belonging to the same pace , and ¦ warlung at the same date , with only about one-tenth part cf the capital employed . I am well enabled u > « Tjak v » rrectly here , for Iwn a party coocemed , and fished , iiany times alongside the other company ' s "We put- into stock three hundred pounds ; our vessel and on £ ts ccst about that sum . £ nr wew was six men and a boj . We cured eur fish on board , in vats made to hold twenty ssoro each- Eiese were pnt
closely down in the l » ld te tbe ieejeon , and firmly Ksurea with the stone 2 > 2 ] ltsfc , and we calculated our capability of cvring , in these cesfcs , to . eighty acorea . Thus equipped we wait to . sea , and bo Jang as our bait lasted , we continued on the fiahsg banks . "When we TetumeLT , our cargo cf fisa was lacded , and washed Ssb by Ssa with aea Trater , _ after which they were laid on the b ^ &ch to ary , and a peaon appointed to tsifl / chargs of t&eza , to w&om the / were CKeiuHy countEfl , Vfi ± en they had lain on the sieney beaeh ^ -iuffiiaent length of time , the fish were stocsd , » d with the . ' -exception of this man's wages and tfce rent of the cellar " fir store toom , we incurred no othef
ezjaica feejorid the vorJdng of the vetBtl . We confened the inde profitaH ? for a season , when the T ^ sel -was turned into tbe * ccr « tiEg business , as I wa * absent in America ; and just as 1 returned , the ship , which was Bnicsnred , was complete l ° Et in ^ * h ' a JB ^ ieltaal harb * nr of Stonebaven . 1 ?** diEsolved the ^ mpsry / and wia the exception of my *» Sf > the oth-u isre tozsed their attention to oUxz puisuiu .
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Is my next letter , I stall be aWe to go more deeply Into tbe subject , for I think I have swept away some few of the past errors , and this will enable me the better to point out a clearer path for the time to come . In the mean time , believe me to remain , Yours , respectfully , John Smabt . Aberdeen , May 27 lh , 1844 . N . B . Errata—In la » t lettei foi " cures perseverins , " read crews peiBeveiing ; " for " daps which find shelter , " read " bays , " * e . ; fox May Fiitb , " read " Moray Frith . "
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THE BANKING QUESTION . Ths Foubth Akticle on thiB question ia unavoidably postponed till next -week .
ANN 1 TERSARY DINNER OF THE LONDON CAKPENTERS . The twenty-second annual dinner of the London Carpenters took place at Highbury Barn , on Monday last ; Thomas Slikgsbt Ddkcohbb , Esq ., in the chair . And from a perusal of the proceedings , the readers of the Northern Star will gather so email consolation . Heretofore , the supporters of Chartism have been designated ( as artful and designing men , taking
advantage of the poverty and necessities t > f the very poorest of the poor , while Chartism itself has been characterized as the mere prototype of poverty Indeed , v ? e ourselves have not unfrequently had occasion , not only to lament , bnt to denounce the apathy and indifference of the aristocracy of labour nponall political subjects . V * e felt convinced , however , that thiB indifference was as much & consequence of class legislation , as all onr national grievances are , of that monster .
The old sticklers for corruption , tinder the rotten borough system , were not more tenacious of the means by which they contrived to uphold their ascendancy , than the office bearers and paid functionaries of several trades have been of their £ ectioaal hold upon their respective oiders . The enforcement of the will of the minority was not more conspicuous under the old borongh system than it has been under the old trades' government system . Public opinion , however , has now adopted the belief that the majority should govern the minority , and
a large majority of most , if not all the trades of the kingdom , have latterly borne strong evidence of the political change that has come o ' er the spirit of their dream What wonld be more destructive of liberty ^ or conserving of tyranny than the debasing resolution to exclude all political questions in the esTeral discussions upon matters of trade , while political inequality alone constituted the master grievance , or what course conld have rendered those important bodies an easier prey to the power of united factions ?
The serenl tit if . ot this country have at various times fought their section ? battles agrinst their united opponents , and after the expenditure of millions of hard earned money , political power proved 100 strong for a single trade combination . We are ready to admit that after such struggles some of the fortunate few have themselves become masters , and have since become capitalists . And amongst that very body , consisting of speculators in pove . iy and weakness , may be bow found many of the greatest tyrants and sharpest opponents of the rights of that order from which they have profitably
sprung . The trades are now beginning to believe that if a successful battle is to be fought it must be waged generally and not Beotionally . It must be directed against the heart and citadel of corruption , and not against the mere bulwarks of sectional abuse . When we find a society of from four to five hundred intelligent , educated , well dressed , we behaved , nay gentlemanly men , meeting together , consisting of Free Traders , Teetotallers , Educationists , and Philosophers , all Binking their several party biases , and proposing the enactment of the People's
Charter , whole and entire , as the means , tbe only means , of ensuring even their own objects , surely it furnishes a cheering inducement to the supporters of that measure to redouble their exertions in its behalf . The admonition of the Chairman to take advantage of that importance which the present gleam of prosperity gave to the assembly that he had then the honour to address , and to use their present position as the means of insuring permanent prosperity instead of transitory comfort , waB as judicions as it was we received and waimly responded to :
The declaration that Harwich , with 160 voters , returned two members to Parliament , while amongst the 4 or 500 more honest , more intelligent , more industrious , and therefore more valuable men that he had then the honour to address , there were but twenty-three who enjoyed the privilege of votiDg , produced an astonishing effect upon his auditory . The several carpenters who proposed and seconded the several toasts given from the chair , seemed to be fired by the manly eloquence of the Chairman , as they one and all severally seemed to have forgotten their own peculiar grievances and to
be possessed of that greatest of all , the want of political power . " Let us , " said Mr . Blewit , " if we are to have a badge of distinction , wear it . If those who command power throngh their votes can boast of the outward and visible sign of good brick and mortar brains , let those who are considered unworthy of the same privilege wear tome distinguishing badge characteristic of their degradation !" This powerful sarcasm , as well as the speaker's criticisms upon the several dogmas of well-fed Political Economists , was received with marks of
the most indignant approbation , followed by " Well done , BiAvrrc ! " The gentleman who proposed the toast of " the Press , " furnished convincing evidence from his analysis of the strong opposition that the Carpenter ' s body , together with all other trades , had received from that estate in their various struggles against the injustice of their masters , that if slow in adopting a universal political creed , they have been active in treasuring up the several acts of injustice perpetrated , as the speaker observed , by all , with the single exception of the Northern Star .
We doubt much whether , in such a society , the health of Mr . Feabgos O'Cosnob , and success to the Northern Star would have been tolerated some few years ago . Or that his reception would have been maiked by * he strongest and moBt unequivocal demonstration of respect and regard . Or that biB speech , which was an exultation of the triumph of the poorest of the poor over the Aristocracy of Labour , by which he was then Euxroundsd , would have been bo applauded . " Are there many Free Traders here 1 " asked Mr . O'Connob ; to which the response was " Yes . " " Then , " said he , " are there
any Carpenters here who would set about roofing a house without their tools 1 " — ( " No , " and laughter . ) " Then , if Free Trade is to be the great alm&house and the great repository for all , let all have a share in buildiDg it , in repairing it , and in keeping it in order as all are promised an equal share in its advantages "—( loud cheers ) . "Arethere Teetotallers here ?"— ( " Yes , yes . ") " Then give to the drunkard , and the unwilling idler , some stronger inducement than the pot-house or the gin-pa ? ace furnishes to Bpend hi 3 time profitably for himself and Mb family , and give that value to character which would make intoxication a crime as well as a sin "—( cheers ) . " Axe
there many Educationists here !"—( " YeB . " ) " Then give to the father better means than those presented by Boyal bounty , State Church charity , and Beotarian caprice , to educate their growing families "—( loud cheers ) . " As the assaults of corruption are general , " said Mr . O'Cokkob , " your defence against them must be general and simultaneous . You must embrace the whole question of labour , and not your own o £ ar interests j and , te illustrate it in a sentence , I will draw tbe pioture of your weakness for you . You p £ j nearly fifty-three millions a-year to liquidate other men ' s debts , and to maintain useless functionaries and idlers IN INDEPENDENCE . We are told that the Church Establishment directly ,
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and indirectly , oosia in or about ten millions ; and then the Poor Luwa , local taxation , and the burdens that class legislation , together with unjust litigation , and all other things , would make the whole amount paid annually by Labour , for there is no other real property , about one hundred millions a-year . And novf mark this . You sold the whole of your produce taken by all foreign countries in the world last year—raw material included , mind—for forty-seveb millions sterling , thereby leaving a
surplus of fifty-three millions annually , after giving away all your labour and all the raw material—( cheers and cries of Shame , Bhame *) . Aye , shame , bnt can the nibbling of any one trad e destroy the anomaly—( oheers and ' No' )? Then let all trades join , and if there is a surplus , after the sons of labour are well housed , well fed , well clad , and well taught , and if your humanity prompts you , give the crumbs from your table to the idle beggars of tbe Aristooraoy "—( tremendous ch ( ers ) .
The rapid glance taken by Mr . Mitchell , one of the Collier delegates , made a powerful impre 38 ion upon the assembly , and must have proved to him and his oo-adjutors , that although , as he observed , there was a great difference in their dress and in the polish of their boots , there was no lack of sympathy for their Bufferings . Mr . Mkchbll's appeal had an astounding effect upon all present . And upon the whole , we cannot sufficiently congratulate the fustian jackets , the blistered hands , and unshorn chins , upon the progress that their cause has thus
made amongst those who , as Mr . O'Coknob boldly told them , were formerly amongst the ranks who despised the exertions of their poorer brethren . To all other trades we say , read the noble resolve of the noble Carpenters , and like them resolve to throw off the shackles of slavery , and like them believe . that it is only to be done by the enactment of thb People ' s Chabteb whole and kntibe .
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THE COLLIERS' STRIKE . We beg to congratulate the pitmen of Northumberland and Durham upon the selection of twelve apostles of their righteous cause , through whom their real position is to be make known to the trades and their fellow-labourers of the metropolis . We trust that the people of London , who are warmed by the produce of the labour of those underground slaves , will flock round these virtuous , unsophisticated , and honest expounders of their brethren ' s grievances . Not only will they thus afford the advocates of
Labour , a fair opportunity of relieving tbemselvci from the foul aspersions that an ungenerous , unscrupulous , and profligate press has heaped upon them , but they will be charmed by the simple eloquence of Mitchell—whose first introduction to London life was bo flattering aud encouraging—of Pratt , and of Tdli p ; thus convincing the upper-ground oreation that , even in the bowels of the earth , knowledge can proceed from reflection , and information from si varsity , and that eloquence is not the exclusive gift of the highborn or favoured Aristocrat . ,
We should have continued to notico the reiteration of the foul-mouthed abase of the Durham Chronicle , of the Pitmen , and their advocate , were we not in anticipation of the immense number of columns devoted to that purpose in last week ' s number , being revised , corrected , remodelled , improved , and DEVELOPED for the next , with a view of making the " INTENDED IMPRESSION . " For this reason , and for this reaton alone , we abstain for the present , from making any comment upon this rubbish in its undigested form . One observation , however , connected with ourselves , we may
make , and it is this : the Editor of the Chronicle would leave the world to infer , though he does not believe , that Mr . Roberts wri the writer of the Article in the Star , which appears to have considerably disturbed the equanimity of our contemporary . We . beg , however , to assure him that we require not even Mr . P berts' aid or that of any other person to share the labours , or responsibility of Editorship with us , and fuither to assure him , that if Mr . Roberts has ever seen or heard of that article of which we are not aware , his first knowledge of , 'its appearance wti derived from its perusal
in our columns . As to tho contemptible tool of the Masters , who seems pricked by the fact of Mb . Hobebts having a carriage and two fast ponies , furnished , as he would infer , from the Colliers' means , we would just inform him , raiher than being an incre ? e to thai gentleman ' s establishment consequent npon his present engagement , that prior to that profitable contract Mb . Roberts ' s driving establishment consisted of three carriages aud four fast ponies . Now , what will the disinterested scribbler say to that I However , we digress from our original purpose , as mayhap we may be presented
with the Bame matter , qualified , altered , re-arrangedi and stereotyped for the next number . Our present business is to insure a hearty welcome ^ a clear stage , aud no more favour than the truth deserves , for the twelve apostles who are about fairly to launch their bark upon the great metropolitan ocean of opinion . Hitherto the advertising pres 3 of the masters has succeeded in depriving tho unprotected of all sympathy , and has actually endeavoured to create an ungenerous prejudice against the unwilling idlers , amongst those who are told that the rise
in the pricn of their coalB is a consequence of the uDJust demands of the pitmen . Let us therefore analyse a few of these demands which the advocates of the masters declare to be unjast . As to wages : the men , being bound to work for none other than those with whom they oontract , demand 30 s . per fortnigh . t , « rtBiee shillings per day ; under a guaranteed clause , that if the masters think proper to lay their pits up , and their men idle for four or five days in that fortnight , and the act being one in which the men have neither act , part , or choice , they say , and justly , you must guarantee us ten days work per fortnight , or five days in each week , at
three shillings per day , that being the smallest amount of pittance upon which we can support our families , and provide ourselves with candlei , and with gunpowder for blasting . Who will dare to say that that is too much , or even enough for the labour , the risk , and tbe danger incurred ! The next demand is , that fire pounds be paid to the widow of the slave who shall lose his life in his employer's service , to enable her to bury him like a Christian , thongh be was obliged to live like a dog . And who will say that the broken hearted widow , should bury the tyrant ' s dead , instead ef imposing that last Bad duty upon the tyrant himself ?
The next ; demand is that smart money , " or money meant as relief for accidents should be increased from five to ten shillings per week . A word hereafter upon the real meaning and character of this demand . The next is , that the produce of the men ' s labour should be " weighed , " aud not u measured . " Is this unjust f and do pot the masters weigh tbe coals , and not measure them , in their coal yards , to the several purchasers ? But let us see the true reason for this just requirement . The men work by task , receiving so much for so many
" pecks" bronght " to bank" in a " tub . " Suppose that tub to weigh nine hundred weight , and six hundred weight to comprise the required number of pecks ; if it contains half a peck under that amount it is " laid out" and stolen from the collier , he is not allowed a farthing for it ; nor if it should contain nine hundred weight instead of biz , is he allowed a fraction for the over weight . What then more just than that the master should buy by weight , as ha sells by -weight ; or if he should sell by measure , what more unjust than that the Collier should be subject to a kind of double plunder .
The next demand [ is , that the pines for what is called "foul" should be given up , and that the men should be paid for what is good , and not for what is bad ; as it has happened ( as in tbe celebrated Thornley plunder , ) that a man has earned 6 s 8 d . and has incurved fines to the amount of £ 1 3 s . The masters , however , contend against these demands as unjust , but we shall show that their real object in refusing them , i $ for the purpose of perpetuating thd present system { of , cheating , rather than from mi
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notion that they are exorbitant . For instance , we advert to theinoreased demand of " . smart money , " from five to tea shillings . And what is that 1 and what will be the result of the concession ? Merely this , tho increased amount of " smart money" would increase the master's vigilance , his caution , and his anxiety for the welfare of the men . And we assert that if the law was to impose a fiue of a hundred pounds " smart money , " instead of five shillings as now , that the inducement to protect life and limb , would be so great that not a Bingle accident would ever occur . Good ropes , good
light , good ventilation and " good trappers" would be substituted for rotten ropes , bad light , bad ventilation , and "fly doors " , the several agencies by which accidents are now produced . Increased " smart money" is for no other purpose than to induoe the masters to increased vigilanoe , and to use increased means for protecting life . Whereas , under the present small amount , like the fines paid for overworking factory children , it is more the interest of the master to save expence , which would be incurred by peculation , than to refuse the poor pittance of five shillings for an accident . We assort then
without any fear of refutation ( although no doubt the stereotype organ of the m ? nters will unblushingly contradict us ) , that all those fines for " foul " sent "to bank" and so forth , are consequences of the master ' s own neglect , and his preference to pay a mere nominal fine to using more circumspection to prevent accidents and bad work . Now such is the meaning of " smart money . " Money , which the reader may easily suppose , would not be coveted aa recompense for a dangorous accident . But need we go farther to expose the tyranny of the masters , than by stating that thoy have actually had recourse to " fly doora" which are unequal in their motion
uncertain in the performance required of them , the mismanagement ot which may lead to a general explosion , merely to save 10 J . a-day ! A "trapper " means , a boy , who sits behind a door for the purpose of opening and shutting it as required , in order to prevent foul air or a gush of air , while a 41 fly-door" works with a swing , and if out of order God only knows the extent to which accidents may occur or lives may be sacrificed . Indeed it would be a wholesome provision if the masters were compelled to deposit a hostage that may bo dear to them , and about whose life they may have some concern , while their slaves are working for them .
No doubt the House of Commons will echo , on Tuesday night next , upon the discussion of Lord Harry Vane ' s motion for the repeal of the export duty on Coals , with the iniquities of the men , the kindness of the Masters , and tho goodness of their Overseers . But discuss the question as they may within the walls of St . Stephen ' s , the days of plunder and class domination are drawing to a close , the fiat of a nation ' s will has g » ne forth , and " Labour ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son , Though baffled oft . is ever woo . "
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THE LEAGUE IN SOUTH LANCASHIRE . So ! Tbe League are beaten . South Lanoashire is lost . Spite of the personal aud commercial influence of tho League candidate , —an influence shown mo 3 t remarkably in the Liverpool polling district , where a majority of " Conservative" votes were confidently ex [ cted , but where a majority of 220 were registered in favour of Brown , the Liverpool merchant , and representative of the League ; apite
of all the aid derived from this cau ^ e ; spite the £ 100 , 000 , skilfully and cunningly applied ; spite ' too , of the coward Cobden's personal exertions amongst the constituency , —he vory unscrupulously undertaking the office of god-father to Mr . Brown , and promising all sorts of things " in his name ;" apite of ell this , the League has been , thrashed ; been soundly beaten ; and " sent to tbe right about . "
And this in South Lancashire too ! South Lancashire ! with its Manchester , its Liverpool , its Bolton , its Bury , its R Jchdale , its Oldham , its Ashton , its Wigan , and its many other such to was ! South Lancashire , the seat of the League ; the scene of the great exenionB of the Cobdjens , the Hyde Gregs , the Ash worths , the Brights , and all the smaller fry of the confederated freebooters ; the seat , too , of the " Great cotton manufacture " : tho famous spot of earth where dwell the mushroom upstart millionaires , who openly boast of being " able to buy up the Aristocracy of England " : in South Lancashire ; in thia most peculiar of all peouliar places in favour of the League , has the Lfioub suffered DEFEAT !
Right ' glad are we of it ! Moat heartily do we rejoice at it ! Not that we have one single atom of sympathy with tbe successful Entwistle : for he is a pure humbug , without one redeeming quality . Between the two men , Baow * and Eatwistle , we would not have given the tosa up of a straw . Neither of them , of themselves , were worth one moment's consideration . But the mode in which they were championized , aud the respective parties that each man represented , made the contestjone of moment : and we are glad that the League have received a blow .
And why ! Beoausa it will learn the League a useful lesson ; aud because that lesson will have an influential bearing , for good , on the general cause of Democracy . The League will now be taught that their present policy can lead to no successful result ; that if the confederacy is to wait till a majority of the House of Commons in favour of Corn Law Repeal is obtained , with the present constituency , even with the aid of one hundred £ 100 , 0 l ) 0 ' s , the simple expectants , and oven their descendants , will be out of harm ' s way—laid stiff in their
gravesbeyond tho necessity of either " cheap" or " dear ' bread—before a tithe even of tho object is accomplished . The South Lanoashire defeat will show the whole confraternity what some of their leaders are already fully cognisant of ; and , in tho words of one of the Ash worth ' s ( before the contest J they will universally exclaim : "We have no chance with the present constituency ; our only hope for success is in enlarging the number of voters : and to do that with success , we must go fob the Charter" !! !
Yes , Mr . Ashwobth , you are right . A majority in the House of Commons cannot be purchased , even with the collectors of £ 100 , 000 . To ensure any Reform , whether commercial or social , political fower in the hands of the masses is needed . That object can be achieved ; but only by an honest struggle for the Chabteb . No temporising ; no comings short ; no counter moves . AU such efforts would signally fail ! Of that faot , let the miserable and forlorn condition of the Sturge movement ) testify .
The League has been most unmercifully driven from pillar to post , during the whole course of its existence . It set out with loud boasts of what it was able to do . It " could attain its object without the people . " It " wanted nothing to do with the peoplo "—( sous gbapes)—; and , therefore , it bolted the people out of its meetings . It would carry Corn Law Repeal by influencing the House of Commons through petitions . It petitioned again and again . It got laughed at for its pains . The motions made to com ply with the prayer of the petitions were signal failures . Then the League would petition no more ! It would take a leaf out of the Chartist book , and
show its utter contempt of that" House" by refusing to ask the measure at its hands . But it would try to alter the character of the House by sending into it new men ; League men , and when it obtained a majority there , it could pass its own measure . It has tried the game . It has failed , as every man with a , grain of sense knew it would . The next step is , as Mr . Ashwobxh Bays , to go fob the Chabteb . Whether that step will be taken off-hand , or whether the dread of Chartist gibes and jeers may retard it for some time longer , remains to be seen : but as sure as that to-morrow ' s eua will rise , so assuredly will that step be taken ,
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Let no one imagine that th <) former conduct of the Leaguers , with reference to the policy of the Chartists , makes such a course , with them , an impossibility . True , they have reprobated that policy , particularly with respot to the demand for political poweh as { a means to the end . "Cora-Law Repeal could be obtained without . " " If the workers would but join with their natural leaders , the object would soon be accomplished . " u It was folly and wickedness to distract the people's attention from pr act / cable reform , and cause them , to seek unattainable objects . " True all this ; and
equally true 4 it is that the policy of turning all public meetings in favour of Chartist objects and Universal Chartist purposes , han been bitterly a ?> d &-smepingly denounced . Lecture upon lecture on " intolelerance" and ^ obstruction ^ has been read . Yells of execration respecting this policy , hare been given utterance to . Nay , it has now become the only reason with Mr . O'Connell , why the Irish , people should not make common cause with the English working classes , and go for the "Charter and Repeal . " And | yet all this did not prevent Mr . Georqb Thompson and Mr . John Bbight from
" ORGANISING an opposition" to the Anti-Slavery meeting the other day , where the -worthies moved " amendments , " spoke ia reprobation of the policy pursued by the Anti-Slavery Committee , and " UPSET the Meeting , " by the carryiog of their amendments in the teeth of the principal Anti-Slavery men on the platform ! and , the best joke of all , O'Cohnell was himself present ! He saw the deed done ; and O ! we would have given our ears almost to have been present at the after meeting between O'Connell and the Free Trade " obstbwctives" ! The scene was inimitable . ; A little bird has whispered something of it to us ; and the little we have heard makes us regret the loss sustained in not being
able to detail the whole . But there O'Connell was , denouncing the " obstructives" in no set terms ; plainly and explicitly telling them that they vtere worse than the Chartists ; that they had taken from him his last ground of objection ; and he asked , rer-onably enough , " how it was possible fob him EVEB AGAIN TO OBJECT TO ChABTIST ' INTEBBUPTION * of Anti-Corn ILaw public meetings , when the » ody with which he was connected , the anti-Cobn Law League , had themselves pitbsued the WORST POBTIOljf OF * OBSTRUCTIVE POLICY , ' by ORGANISING ^ for the UPSETTING of a meeting of a PABTicOLAB society V O that we had been there , to have heard and reported all that past , particularly the' answers of the prime OBSTRUCTORS , Thompson and Bright .
No . The League will not be deterred from adopting the whole of the loudly-reprobated Chartist policy . The " Lord love you ; we are all for ourselves ' principle will carry the Leaguers over all dread of " inconsistency , " and cause them to brave the laugh and the taunt that must attend on their full adoption of that which they have so unceasingly condemned . ¦ Cor'd it be possible to adduce better proof of the soundness of the policy puvttued by the working people , in standing firm upon their own ground , and in resisting alii overtures and schemes for wiser
measures and movements , than is afforded by the undeniable tendency of the public mind in favour of the object the working people have so deservedly sought ? Even the Leaguers , through the mouth of Mr . Ashwobth , are [ forced to admit that to ensure success they must "j go for the Charter . " Unequivocal indications appear in anothor quarter that the question Of THOROUGH PARLIAMENTARY REFORM is mak ing rapid progress : and in a very short time we shall see parties re-arranged , and many not now dreamed of , in connection with that question , become its enthusiastic advocates and supporters . Mr . Ashworth
in his emphatic declaration , " we iiust go for the CHARTER , " only gave utterance to a widelyextended feeling amongst his on a class : and the sooner he and his associates set about tbe work he [ knows they have to do , the better evidence of their own sincerity will they give . If to this end the defeat of the League in South Lancashire should in any degree lead , it will not have been without its use , but prove to be an event pregnant with good to the democratic cauce . Thinking ( that it will have —that it can have—no other effect , we hail the result of the contest most welcomely .
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Mr . Arnett , No . 8 , Middlesex-place , Somers-Town , wishes Mr . Richards , of the Potteiles , to send him his address . j From unavoidable circumstances the favours of n any of our correspondent must s ^ nd over till onr next New Bas ford—[ Edmund Wright sayB , "USollected at the factory of Messrs . Biddle and Birkins the sum of 108 5 d for the Colliers on Strike , and paid to a peuon wbo stated his name to be Oliver Robinson , from Witwick , who promised to take it to tbe Committee , and that it should appear in your paper the next week ; but , as it did not appear , I am bound in
justice to myself to make the same known . " Notice—All letters and papers for the sub-Secretary of the Greenwich and Deptford Locality , must , in future , be directed to S ; Sweetlove , Limekiln-Cottage , Loatspit . BlackheathHill . Mr . Julian Harvey . —Mr . Harney being confined to his bed by severe indisposition , arising from an attack of quinsey , ? s unable to write to Mr . My lea , Dundee , and other parties who may be expecting letters from him . From the same cause Mr . Harney is compelled to postpone his iotanded visit to Sowerby , Hebdeo Bridge , fee .
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! VICTIM FUND . £ l s . d From Mr . Pearson , Wine Merchant , per Mr . Batsman : ... 0 10 0 I SUBSCRIPTIONS . ' . From Alva , per Mr . J . Bain ... ... 0 6 6 „ Rocbdale , per Mr . J . Sharp ... 0 10 l
RECEIPTS BY GENERAL SECRETARY . FOB MR . RICHARDS . A Wesleyan Methodist , at the Golden Lion , Duan-street I 0 2 0 MISSIONARY FUND . Mr . Chippendale , Chelsea 0 1 6 DKBENCE AND VICTIM FUND . Mr . Chippendale , Chelsea ... 0 0 5 I T . M . Wheeler , Sec
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The Adjourned Inqpebt—The inquiry into the death of tho unfortunate woman aud her three children was resumed on Monday morning at the County Hall , before C . Swann . The prisoner , William Saville , exhibited great self-possession , and during tbe whole of the day , ho did not appear pore concerned than any of the spectators . l A great number ! of witnesses were examined to prove that the prisoner was on the spot at the time when the murder was supposed to have been committed , and the fact that at half-past twelve o ' clock he went into the spinney where the awful deed was consummated with his wife and children , and in- a short time after came out by himself , appeared t « be
Clearly established . Robert SttUon , | and his wife , Maty Sutton , of New Radford , framework-knitter , at whose hou&e tho prisoner lodged , and for whom the prisoner worked , proved that the prisoner received 12 s . 4 £ d . on Saturday night ; and that he said on Monday that he had spent it all ! except 6 d . The prisoner always denied having a wife . Never noticed any blood upon the prisoner ' s person or dress . Identified a handkerchief which the prisoner had given them to be washed . On i Tuesday afternoon the prisoner , came home rather "fresh , " and sent for some , eggs and bacon , which he paid for and ate ; he then shaved himself and went out . The razor produced ( namely thajbloody one fonnd in Ann Saville ' s hand ) is not the razor he used . The prisoner seldom drank sugar in his tea , but on Wednesday morning he had some . ¦
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Lucy Wardle , said the deceased , Ann'Saville ,. brought the handkerchief identified by the last witness to her house ; that she had mixed some | tea and brown sugar , and that haying made tea on Tuesday morning she pnt the remainder into her pocket before she went away with tha prisoner . Tbe deceased ' s sister , Mrs . Brownswood , visited her in the workhouse , and gave her 53 . 6 d . Knows that she had ll £ d . and some silver left out of it . The prisoner said the handkerchief belonged to John Palmer , who lent it to him on Saturday ni ght to wrap a pair of trousers in .
The witness persisted in her statement that Ana Saville had the handkerchief at her house on Moa . day night , and that she took it away with her on Tuesday morning . John Hamford , a framework-knitter , who lodged at Sutton ' s , and slept with Saville , proved th&b ths prisoner invited him and John Uopton to go to s > public-honse on Tuesday afternoon , and that they had three pints of aid , for which Saville paid . Samuel Wardle , of Wood-street , went with the deceased Ann Saville and her little girl to the prisoner ' s ledgings . He not being within , they went to the Falcon , and had a pint of ale . When they had been there about a quarter of an hour the prisoner came in ; he did not look at all pleased with his wife ; he did not shake bands with her or her child , or give the little girl a kiss . On the contrary , he looked " very savage . " He said that if she had stopped away a little longer he should have gone to America . Never saw the jszot produced .
Samuel Wilkinson , inspector of police , Nottingham , apprehended the prisoner on Wednesday afternoon , at Wardle ' s , in Wood-street . After properly cautioning him , he asked him where he bad last ceen his wife ! He said , against Beardsley's shop . Witness then asked whether he had never said he had left them on Tollhouse-hill i Prisoner said he could not say , for he was so fresh that he did not know what he said . When taking the prisoner up Gedling-street , the crowd shouted ; and he said j " I
suppose if my wife ' s drowned herself I must suffer for it . " The witness then described the articles he found in the prisoner ' s box , amongst which were a quantity of mixed tea in a printed paper , a pawnbroker ' s duplicate , two shillings , a halfpenny , a white-hafted razor , an empty ra tor-box and strop , a small packet of arsenic , &o . r had also another razor which Sutton brought to the police-office . Assis'sd in stripping him , and saw upon the right thigh of his trousers three Bmail drops of blood . Did not observe any other blood stains .
The prisoner said that Wilkinson did not mention Tollhouse hill ; that he himself said , " Going towards Beardsley ' s shop ; " that he was subject to bleeding at the note ; and that worse stains would be found upon his prison trousers . Mrs . Wardle recalled , Faid that the paper in which the deceased put her tea was similar to the one produced , bnt that she did not look at the name . James Unwin proved , in contradiction to the prisoner ' s statement , that he had only two razors , that he had three . The razor , however , produced was neither of them . Once lived with Saville , and , though he never saw him misbehave towards his wife , yet he did not treat his children so well as he might have done . Prisoner maintained he had only two razors . William Barnes , high-constable of Nottingham , corroborated Wilkinson ' s testimony respecting the blood or the trousers , which he produced .
William Parr , constable of Colwick , produced the unfortunate woman's pocket ; there was no tea nor money in it , but there was some sugar loose . Elizabeth Tate , the young woman whom the pri * soner was courting , said , that Bhe had known the prisoner about eleven weeks , and that she considered he was paying his addresses to her . He never offered her marriage , but they sometimes joked about it . Saw the prisoner last Monday , at about four or fivo o'clock , and told him that she had heard he wo married , and " discharged '' him . He said the woman was not his wife ; and witnessed told him that , eves if that were not the case , he ought to keep away from other women , and do for his children , for none had a greater right to support them thau the father . Witness also had a walk with him that night , when
be told her that the woman and her children had never troubled her and never would ; and that they had better friends than him . Saw him again on Tuesday night , and said to him , I suppose , if it were not for me , you and yonr wife would have come together long since ! " He said it was all nonsense ; if he bad not Been witness he should not have gone to the woman again . Witness said they must part , and told him that it he came near her again , she should be obliged to leave the town . [ Here witness , who appeared to be much affected during the whole of her examination , wss seized with a violent hysterical attack , and was removed from the room , uttering the most heartrending screams ] . On being re-examined , she said tnat he had never told her that his children , were provided for , or that they were "safe . "
Mr . Sandford Tatham Davison , of Carl ton , surgeon , was examined at great length as to the wounds of the deceased . He said that the cut on the throat of each of them would be sufficient to prcduce instantaneous death . At a quarter to eleven o ' clock the evidence was all taken , but the Coroner said it would be impossible to finish the case that night , and adjourned it till Tuesday morning .
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Great Public Meeting of the unkmfloted Men of SXJNDEBLAND . —On Saturday evening , May 25 th , a very large meeting of tbe unemployed men of Sunderlaud took place on the Moor , to take into consideration tbe most effectual means to relieve the piesent distress and misery which prevails , among the working classes of this town ; Mr . James Coulson , tallew-chandler , was called on to take the chair , and opened tbe business of the meeting in a short but effective speech ; after which the following resolutions were moved , seconded , and carried , 1 . "That this meeting being aware of tbe wide-spread poverty and destitution at present prevailing in this town and iti vicinity , caused by the want of employment amongst all clcices of operatives , appeal to the rate-payers of the town to request the Mayor to call a mseting of the inhabitants to devise means to release our suffarinz
fellow-townsmen . " 2 . ' < That aitbongb , we , the unemployed men of Sunderland , are suffering want and privation in the extreme , yet we are determined to reject all overtures to Bupply the place of our struggling brethren , the pitmen of Darhara and Northumberland , no matter what the consequence may be . " This resolution met with the general approbation of the whole meeting . Mr . Thos . Dickinson addressed the meeting in a most effective manner , showing the distress and misery which existed throughout the country . A re - quisition is in course of signature , requesting the Mayor to call a public meeting of the respectable inac < bitanfi of the borough , to take into consideration soma means to relieve tbe present distress . The men who have been breaking stonea for the parish far fivepecce per day have been turned off , because they would not work at the collieries .
Gatherings Extkaobbinary . —A venerable pair , man and wife , and both highly respectable people , died lately in Galloway , within a day of one another , whose effects , if brought to sale , would furnish matter for one of the most curioua catalogues that wa ? perhaps ever submitted by an auctioneer to the attention of the public . Amidst the popular report abroad on the subject it is difficult to arrive at the exact truth ; but , as we have taken some pains to inquire into the facts of the case , the following will be found a close approximation .- —Deposits of silver coin , secreted in places where no one would have ever dreamt of looking for such articles—one parcel carefully wrapped in a piece of rag , found in a corner of a lumber-drawer , others in paper crammed into
an old basket , or bid in outhouses or some equally unpromising corner . These coins appear to have been shut out from the light of day for a number of years , from the different values they represent , such , as Is . 6 d ., Is . 3 d ., 2 s . 6 d ,, and 5 ? ., and had become in consequence , not only tarnished , but nearly as black as soot itself . There were also gold coius , foreign as well as British , of very small values , up to £ 4 . » with a great variety of very different articles , the fancy of the parties appearing to have been to have a something of everything . Of these , let the following specimens suffice : —8 richly-mounted ridingwhips , 18 unbroken pieces of linen , 30 pairs of good sheets ; 20 dozen of towels , about 250 rich-coloured silk handkerchiefs , 3 dozen thimbles of divers metals ,
30 pairs of scissors , and 1 gold pair ditto , 100 pair * of silk stockings , 30 gowns , made and unmade , 16 women ' s bonnets , a lot of shoe makers' waxed threads , with bristles attached 5 coffin-lacing , and a great number of bottles of wine and spirits of a ' , qualities . Part of these were found in an old teachest , supposed to contain nothing bat rubbish ; bat when the assistant to a professional gentleman engaged in inventorying the effects , was directed to throw it out , he drew from their hiding places 17 bottles of wine and spirits , some of the former champagne . But there was * an endless array of other nic knacKS , an enumeration of which would occupy too much
space , if not exhaust the patience of tbe general reader . The husband in this case was a great pigeon fancier for many years , and possessed a vttJ large collection of these birds , which he regularly fed and cleaned with his own hands , and whica inoluded nearly all the varying ] breeds known in * ne world ; and although a lengthened period has intervened , we still recollect him pointing ont a curious faot in natural history—namely , that e very tim e tne turtledove coos it lifts its right foot . He had a lso a number of fiue canaries ; but all his feathered favourites have been dispersed since his death among friends and acquaintances residing within the locality which knew him so long andiWell . —Dumfries Cour
" Dog eat Dog . "—Nearly all the Nisi Prius cases this term were cases in which attorneys were etfnOT plaintiffs or defendants . —Dublin paper . There is a field of wheat in full ear at Parteenj near thia city , on tho farm of Robert K 3 d £ e" Esquire , the earliest manifestation of a summer crop ever seen perhaps . The stalks are four feet hign . — Limerick Chronicle .
The Northed Star. Saturday, June 1, 1844.
THE NORTHED STAR . SATURDAY , JUNE 1 , 1844 .
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FOE DR . M'DOUALL . ! S . d . From a few Chartist Friends , Hawick 2 3 FromT . Leach , Ringly 0 < S DUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . R . S ., Leeds ... 1 . 0 EXECUTIVE . John Berry , Leeds 1 0
Monies Ileceived By Mr. O'Connor.
MONIES IlECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR .
5to Meatier? Antr Dfortrflspontrentg.
5 To meatier ? antr dFortrflSpontrentg .
The Recent; Murders Nea.R Nottingham.
THE RECENT ; MURDERS NEA . R NOTTINGHAM .
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4 s ^ THE NORT HERN STAR . , June 1 , 1844 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 1, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1265/page/4/
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