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ZEPBtANIAH WILLIAMS.
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Just Published, price one Shilling, THE LACON OF LIBERTY, >a Political Monitor for the Millions;" containing Extracts selected irom in
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neany a xaousana jiuwomwB , aefence of the Rights aud Privileges of the People , the whole methodically arranged , and accompanied by a copious Biographical Index . London : Effiugham Wilson , 18 , BiBhopsgatestreet , and all Booksellers .
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r— - ( Continued j " ran our sevrnih page . J gnesBon at present The question was , "whether- her Majesty ^ Ministers having refused to giro any explanation of their conduct in the exerdss of tins power , the House should , not interpose its authority to insist upon fciquiry—( bear ) . Mr . MoxcKTOs- Milses regretted that Sir James ^ haham had nrtfelt it co nsistent with b « s duty to sta te whether or not it was for the use of forei ? n governments the information wsaBonght It ww , however , a question of confidence .
Mr . Sheii . thought that enough had come oat , even from the admissions of the Government , to justify investigation . A -warrant had been issued in the case of one . paity . 3 ! hen it "was said there "were four parties concerned . But -why had not the Bight Hon . Baronet { SirJ . Gxabsm ) told the House the name of the party in "whose case ± ha ¦ warrant had been-issue *' . — ( cheers )? How "were they to account lot the statement of tb * Government that they issued a warrant in one cms , and . at the same Kuib refusing to inform them -what case that -was—( hear , hear )? Bnt be ( Mr . She-i ]) "Would tell them , they had lately eondndea a treaty wit * Sardinia —{ cheers } . Of coures the Government bad it in their powe ? to disavow that that treaty bad anything to do with the oseninz of ' the letters
in question—they had in their power to show tbat the assertion that the o > gect was to give information to a foreign power was the suggestion of male-Toleace . Then why did they not—( load cheering )? The charge against the Government was thiB , that they had issued , a warrant authorising the opening ^ rf letters—not with reference to the interest * of this country —{ renewed chbering )—nor for the purposes for which Sir Robert Walpole contended that the prerogative should be vested in the crown—not with the tiew of obtaining a clue to any Chartist or Repeal combination—( hear , hear )—hat the charge was , that the powers entrusted by Parliament te the Home-office
had bsea exercised with a view to our foreign relations—{ cheer *) . Now was that charge -truB cr notflood cheering ) ? Was not this , then , a peculiar case ? An Italian gentleman , a refugee , a -myv of accompliihed manner * , amiable conduct , and great abiJiiy , b * d been engaged in an adventurous , but not sn impTllous , endeavour to assimilate the institutions of his country with the iosti totiwis of our own . He failed ; but that failure entitled him , not to our condemnation , hot to our sympathy and compassion —( hear , hear ) . And an . English minister acting , he must be forgiven tor saying , not an English part" in this regard —( bear , hear , and land cheers from the opposition benches )—1 b a clandestine manner , sad with a subservious
instromentality , connected himself with the procuration of evidence taz a foreign minister against their subjr : H residing in this country , and had obtained a zeveftlment of their secrets by means of which their property , and perhaps th ? ir lives , might be sacrificed —{ renewed cheering ) . That was conduct unworthy of a British minister—tbear , bear ) . The pubiicvoice condemned the Government in this ipatter . Throughout all parts of the country there was , he- believed , bnt one feeling on the subject , and that was a feeling of indignation that a proceeding so iniquitous should have
fcaen instituted— scheers ) . Wall had it been said by bis Bight Hon . Friend the Member for Edinburgh , that there was mildness in the peixt forte d dure , compared with this system of putting a spy in the house of every English gentleman , in order that his every "word might be repeated for the benefit of the Home Secretary , which was precisely the same thing B 3 to order his letters to be broken open—letters in which his topes , fears , Irishes , opinions , secrets , and rfreetions wens aB confidentially recorded .- He should support the motion for icqniry—/ loud cheers ) .
Mr . Johs Stuab . t Woutlst aid he should vote Tri'h Ministers , that he might not seem to admit the unwarrantable assumptions made on the other side . Mr . ytjtXLKl said tfee Honourable Gentleman who lad just sat down had commenced by saying that he would explain ths reasons why he intended to vote against the motion , and then with unusual candour he acknowledged in the next sentence that he did not know anything of the merits of the case—fhea ? ., hear , and a laugh ) . Then the Honourable Member persevered in the course in -winch be hzd set oat , and resolved not to know the merits of the case . But the Honourable
Member was consistent in giving hi » vote , for he had declared his determination to vote , though be refused to acquaint himself , or to permit the House to become acquainted with the facts—( hear , hear ) . The Honourable Member for Pontefract { Mr . Milne *) , the only other TTnnfHHaMfl SenHezc sxi -who had spoken unconnected ¦ Wl ifcthe Gavemment , baA " lamented that tlie Right Honourable Gentleman at th 9 head of the Government bad not communicated to the foreign states interested fn the matter tbe webIs of his inquiry —( no , no ;—the information he had obtained by the exercise of the "Dower in crurction .
^ Mr . Mhjtbs was here understood say that he aheuld not vote at all ; which snnourcsmeat was met by cheers and laughter Irom the opposition . Mr . WaXLET resumed—There has been but four Bl ~ -&kers against the motion , and this was the whole cf the argument advanced by the only two who were reconnected with the GTvernment Then came tb « two Bigat Hon . Baronets—the Secretary for the Home l > gparvmT-nt » -who was the party accused , and TEe " Ihirae Minister—on that occasion not a very happy pair— ( hear , hear ; and laughter ) . The Right Hon . B » Tocet , the First lord of the Treaenry , might considcr it to be his duty on ail «> ecasions to defend his ccileaguB—if so , he must Bay that the first Minister of the Grown had not always the most pleasant «* ccm > ation
—feheers and laughter )—and that occupation could-Hot often bs metre disagreeaWe than it was tbat night : —( hear , hear )—for the entire manner of the Right ! Hon . Gentleman , from tbe feeginrnng to the end of bis ! speech , showed that he did not like hi * case ; and the ; manner he treated it , considering his great ability in i debate ,-and his undoubted powers of argument , clearly . proved that it was a bad cass he had to defend—thear , '' . hear ) . The Right Hon . Baronet ( Sir R Peel ) , in the fourae of hi « argument , insisted cpon one thing , which i bad previously ~ been relerrtd to by his Right Hon . ] T-Htesue of the Home-oftce ; and it is necessary that fie attention of the House should be drawn to it , as it gave a graver character to the sutject than when it was first introduced . The Right Hon . Baronet :
tomplained that his colleague had not had notice of the ' same of the party in the second case . The R-ght Hon . . the Home Secretary had received a note from his ( Mt Wakley ' s ) honourable eolleagne , intimating that a '' petition would be presented that evening ; bnt , in a > tons and manner most unfair , the Sight Honeurable ' Brronet ( Sir R . Peel ) had said tlat bis Right ; Hod . Friend and colleague had no notice of the name ] of the party ; and the other Right Eenourable Baronet tSir J- Graham ) , in meteing bis statement in answer to ; tia ( Mr . Wakley ' s ) Honourable Friend and colleague ! ( Mx . D . ) on tbs former occasion , had acknowledged his great eouitesy in previously giving him the names ,- bnt which courtesy had deprived bis Hon . Colleague of the . opportunity of pressing im motion to a division , a tax
upon candour , which be iMr . Wakley ) thought ought not to be repeated—( htar , and a laugh ) . How many partita had been treated m this way ? From the Right ' Honourable Baronet ' s statement he inferred the open- ing of letters was a matter of every day occurrence—( chcars ) . He was justififd in considering that it was trie common practice- ( b ^ ar )—for the Right Honoui- able Baronet had bad Ms attention called to the subject , ami the names of the parties complaining had been t jmrDTmicit 3 d to him on a former occasion ; and this in-^ niry , be it remembered , « id sot extend over a long series ef years , but from tc& 1 st of January last There had been five complaints since the 1 st of Jannarythe Right Honourable Baronet had given an answer as to iour of them ; hut he complained , in a tone of lamentation and injury , because he had not received
previous notice of tfce name t-f the fifth { cheersv . If OW , he should like to knotr h < rar tosoj uasiea nad the Bight Hon . Baronet in baud ? The Bigh ' t Hon . Gentlemsn the Member for Dnngarvon had ^ aid that public opinion wjsrsainst the practice . Why , public feelinir , which might be eaU&d public indigBSSion , was against it—( cheers ) . He ! - > lr . Wailey ) heard it denounced m every ^ carter and in every house . Th » people asked ¦ What was the House of Commons going to xlo next ; T ^^ -, rJ 11 to jastily "• Minister in opening all letters ? - { hear , hear ) , a gentleman-a politic ^ n-B&d said to him , only last Saturday , . that he had ! ^^ J ^ f ^ L * ^ ™™""* « at employed spiesuie most odious that
was could exist ; but he had at ' toigtt discovered a worse—that was a Government ' tot becme-pies thenJSel ? es-fcheers ) -and fte ^ SEnt GoTemment was cleari , becoming fl spy Govern-i Bent . Surely nothing could be . more cont ^ ptible , or ooious , or rtfiect more injuriously ! cm flxe character * f the Government ted the -country —{ hear , bear }—if such an odious practice Waitobe tolerated . Tbe question nroposed by his Hob . colleague ( Mi . T . a Duncombej won-d apply a test lo the House , a » to the question of Minhtsrial responsibllity—i hzsz ) . 3 Iiiji 3 > eriaJ nesponsibiliiy -was atcing ha bad beard of often since he came into Parliament , IjoJ had never found it—{ hear , h » r ) . Be had never
« een it » he conld not catch hold of it—( bear , hear ) . He bogged the Hon . Member for Pontefract to apply his mind to the subject of Ministerial responsibility , as it "WM purely poetical ana imaginative—it mi ^ ht be in the clouds , but it wasTiot there —( bear , hear , and laughter ) On tte former evening , when this snfject Bad been ¦ nnder dbcussicn , the Bight Honourable Bart , had admw-jd that what had bten done bad be « n done on hiB own Mponability ~< bear , hear } . TerywelL Next , P ^** " ** 8 ? P * rsoia earning there and saying that into intriaoes of tbePostroffiee their letters Hal been p » Ma » , « d the Right Eoaosable sSnan MM ;
3 taortte « y i ^ nce , we andentaad xeroSSTto uwan ttat the penon responsible i , amenable , and menace tonn other srtboriiy for any partteilarlact mniittedia the exetcbe rf Um * Te ^ oniibm » T but W tax WM tbe Right . Hon . Gentleman amenaWe t « -nrenbte to that House ? Answers be will grra them ne , The parties who bad had their letters opened d * D tbe fiets , the reasons for that interference , conalsd . from tti emr ^ eoiisegaently they could sot tell -ir to Bake the Right Hon . Qtotleman xespon-ZMe <» aragnible fsa his caadoct but by ntcb a
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motion as this . But then tbe Right Hon . Baronet did not like this mode of proceeding , and his colleague at tbe head of the Government was resolved to vote against it , and to carry all bis -weight wrainst inquiry . Then where wa !» tbe responsibility ? J < 9 W , observe : there were two parties concerned in tbis case—besides the Right Hon . Baronet , the House , and the public : the parties who employed the Rlfiht Hon . Baronet , whose agent he had been —( hear , heat }—and the unhappy individuals whose secrecy had been violated . Did they want to avoid inquiry ? No , ^ hsy came and demanded it . Tfeese treasonable men . of dishonest ,
violent , and illegal conduct—they said : " We have done no wrong , we do not fear inve- / , igation ; we want to expose those who employed year own Secretary "—( cheers ) . Now , be ( Mr . Wskley ) said that the Right Hon . Baronet had a duty to disvbarge to those parties , whether criminal or not , and it was due to them to ascertain whether they weie innocent or gnilty ; in the one cote , he onght to protect them by pre-claiming their innocence , and , in the other , to condemn them by proclaiming their guilt . He wished to know how the Right Hon . Baronet would get out of this cleft stick ?
Viscount Howick said : Hi 3 Ri £ ht Honourable Friend the Member for Dnngarvon ( Mr . Sbiell ) had ' made an appeal to the Houss , the force ofwhioh every Honourable Member must have felt . " Were we , " asied his Right Honourable and Noble Friend " to consent to become the spies and agents of foreign powers "—( cheers ) ! Was a system of that kind to receive the sanction of a British House of Commons , and not only that , bat he "would call upon them to recollect what fhey were sanctioning in this case if they refused inquiry —( hear , hear ) . They not only passed over & case "whiebj in the prima facie view of it , was fraught witb . suspicion , bnt ihey sanctioned the principle laid down , the doctrine contended for , by the Ri ^ ht Honourable Baronet , "which if they
passed ovet ip silence , "would , he thought , inflict a grr-at blow on . the free commanication of idea * ¦ which had so long been the boast a ad pride of this coanry —( hear , hear ) . For what said the Right Honourable Baronet ? A power was giren by law , and 1 will exercise it : but I refuse to tell you in what cases I have exereised it , and on wbat grounds —( bear , hear ) . "Whether in many cases or few , whether on grounds trifling or grave , 1 "will give you , the Honse of Commons , no explanation or satisfaction . If they once admitted this doctrine , every gentleman -who received a letter through the Postoffice was at the mercy of the Gov « rument —( hear , hear ) . He ( Lord Howick ) did not suspect the Right Honourable Baronet ( Sir J . Graham ) of issuing a
warrant to examine all tbe letters of political opponents , as had been suggested . But if the principle was to be contended for and recognised , and if the Minister was to be supported in refusing all explanation , future Secretaries of State might , if they chose , with perfect impunity , examine the letters of their political opponents —( cri * s of hear , bear ) . But he went further , and concurred in what had bEsn stated by his Right Honourable Friend the Member for Edinburgh ; and although he had hi'herto been disposed to concur in the continuance of a power which had existed in previous Governments , and had , be believed , been always exercised on principles wholly different from those now contended for—though he had supported the
continuance of that power as it had been previously exercised—he concurred with bis Right Honourable Friend ( Mr . Macanlay ) that ihe very little advantage that could be obtained from it was totally unworthy of consideration when compared with the shame which would result if it vrat permitted to be exercised in this way —( cheers ) . If it were to be exercised at all , let it be done subject to the check of responsibility . Let the power be exorcised upon intelligible principles . Let the letters bB opened , if necessary , but a power that was exereised , and no man knowing bow and when it was exercised , was liable to the greatest abase . No doubt , as his Noble Friend bad said , it might not be advisable to put a stamp npon letters that had been opened ; but surely it was not creditable to the Government to
counterfeit stamps in order to conceal tho fact that letters bad been opened—thear ) . Could anything be more morally wrong than to counterfeit the seal ! Against such a practice be for one protested . He did not know sufficient of tbe facts to express any opinion as to the case before them . All ' ha oonld Bay was , that as it stood it was a case of great suspicion ; but in voting as he should do , for the motion of bis Honourable Friend ( Mr . Buncombe ) , what he meant to do was , to protest against the practice and principles laid down by the Rignt Honourable Gentleman opposite—thear , bear ) . Lord Sxajo-kt said tbis was precisely one of those ca ? es in which the opposition could enlist popular sjmpatby , while the Government , fettered by the responsibilities of office , could not contradict in
detail the unfonnded assumptions on which the allega- i tions proceeded . No evidence was Fupplied by the petitioner in support of the charge that bis letters j were opened , and if tbe House were to sanction this principle , they would be called upon every i day to investigate the vague allegations of mere ! suspicion . He admitted the grave political impor- i ta&ce of tbe snbjeot j Sir James Graham refused ! inquiry on the same principle that Lord John Russell would refuse to indicate how he , when ic j office , had exercised the power which "wa 3 one like it , tbe application of the secret service money , which must be exercised on the personal honour of the ' , Minister , bound by bis oath of office , and supported by tbe unquestioned confidence of tbe House of ' Commons . I *^ VlliiUUU 9 . 1
Sir George Gset remarked that though Lord ' Stanley , with bis n&aal courage , had rushed to the , rescue of bis colleagues , be had not mended the : ' case . Tho charge was , that tbe power had been exercised , not with a view of detecting some plot { against " our Sovereign lady the Queen , * ' or againBt tbe constitution , but at the bidding of afbraign govern- j ment , thus compromising the faith and honour of this ; country , for the purpose of enabling tbe agent of % \ foreign government , or a foreign government itself , j to obtain evidence against certain of its subjects ; exiled from their country on political groundspersons whom it bas always been the pride and the { boast of this country to receive with hospitality and I kindness—( loud oheers ) . Ab the matter stands , if I \ were to rot ^ against the motion of my Honourable Friend , I feel that I should be doing this : that I i
Bhonld be sanctioning a right which government claims tbe exercise of , namely , of examining letters , i of opening them , of making what uso they please of their contents—not for state purposes—not for i purposes connected with general safety—but for the j purpose of serving the private ends of foreign go-1 vernmente— ( load cheers ) . Considering this line of i condnct as virtually setting up claims on the part of ! Government to detain , open , and examine letters , I , shall have great pleasure in supporting the motion : of tbs Honourable Member for Fi&sbury —( loud ' cheers ) . j Lord Sjk ^ boy treated the matter as one of confidence i in the Government , in the exercise of an important I pan of their executive authority . 1 Mr . Wyse said he should only say a few wordB on the question . The call for a division was , however , so loud and general that tbe Hon . Gentleman resumed his ? eat in a few moments .
Captain Bernal then rose amid great confusion , and after silence was obtained , said—Sir , I believe I am perfectly in order in calling the Hon . Member for Norih Nottinghamshire ( Mr . G . Knight ) to order for interrupting my Hon . Ixiend the Member for Waterforc in bi 3 address to this House . 1 callon yon , Sir , to assert the privileges of the House . ( Loud cheers from the Opposition benches ) . Mr . Wyse again ro « e , and the Ministerial party was less uproanons . He said that all be wished to state was a fact witb which , he Vfaa personally acquainted—< hear , hear ) . There had been some doubt whether any letter had been opened in the Post-office . He ( Mr . Wyse ) bad that morning seen the letters which had been opened —( loud
ones of "hear , hear" )—and there existed in bis mind no doubt whatever that ihay bad been opened in the course of their transit through the Postoffice—( repeated cheer = ) . There were two lettetB : one addressed by Mr . Mazzini , and one addressed to Mr . Hamilton—which had been put into the Post-office at the same time . Mr . Hamilton ' s letter reached him a little after ten o ' clook ; Mr . Mazzini ' s arrived a little after twelve o ' clock ; and the post mark of the latter had been alter- d iy the substitution of a second stamp , carefully impressed over the first —( great sensation , and }< nd cries of " bear , bear , " from ihe Opposition biEthe 3 ) . These things he had seen with his own eyes , that very morning ; and be assured tbe House that be had examined the letters with the most intense interest , and tbe minutest care—( repeated cries of " bear , beai ") . It was
almost needless to add , that he should give hia vote for inquiry . He had no idea of a British Government kuorag itself in this atrocions way , to carry ont the views of a foreign Autocrat— ( murmurs from the Ministerial Bide ) . It was easy for those who compared notes to see through the facts . The Gfazelle— ( renewed interruption from the Ministerial quarter )— the Milan Gazette of the 2 Otb of April , the authorised journal of the GoTernmeat of Anstriajcontamed his intimation —( Ministerial murmurs , and cnes of " hear , hear ")—it was said : in tbat Government organ—and let the Honse mark the statement-tbat the English Ministry were awakened to the circHmstances of Italy , and were not only determined to repress and put an end to all disturbances , but to prevent the awakening ofpublie sympathy—{ londandrepeateacnea of " hew , bear /* from tbe Opposition benches ) .
Mr . T . S . Duhoombb tben rose to peply . —The Riabt Eon . Baronet bad complained of some assumed want of eoartesy on his part in not informing him of the specific charges which be intended to bring before the Boase that nighi . On the former occasion when he bad called the attention of tbe Parliament ol England to this invasion of tbe privileges of the subject , he bad written to tbe Home Miuister enclosing him a copy of the petition which be intended tc present , and expressed a hope that the Bight Hoa Baronet would be enabled to state whose letters hac been opened , and the circumstances under which be bad been , induced to issue his warrant for such at investigation . Tbe Right Hon . Baronet had , howeTer , vouchsafed no explanations—all he had urgec
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was directed to stifla and give the go-by to inquiry—( loud cries of hear , hear ) . To a certain extent ha bad succeeded on that occasion . To-night , however , he ( Mr . T . Buncombe ) bad another petition to present upon the same subject . That petition had been sent to him yesterday ; he had not enclosed a copy of it to the Right Hon . Baronet ; but be had written a note informing him that it was his intention to present it as soon as he ( Sir J . Graham ) could make it convenient to attend in his place . He must say , that considering the course the Hon . Bart , had taken on the subject he deemed this quite a sufficient notice . The Right Hon . Baronet had tried to evade discus-Bion . An attempt had been made to drown the expression of public opinion by the clamour of the
Ministerial hangers-on . Why was all this ? Was it because : they feared investigation !—( hear , hear ) As bis Right Hon . Friend and colleague ( Mr . Wakley ) bad asked , was it that these warrants were so numerous tbat it was impossible for the Right Hon . Baronet to mention one half the oases in which they had been granted ?—( repeated cheers ) . The deeper ihey went into the transaction the more it seemed to require investigation ; and tho Government might rest assured that the public would not be satisfied with such a reply as waa afforded by the attempt of a tyrannical majority to stifle all inquiry —( loud cheering ) . It was felt both in and out of the House , that this was no longer a Poet-office questions it wa-3 now a question of confidence in her Majesty ' s Ministers—( repeated cheers ) . All they need ask themselves was , had be made out a prim * fade case for investigation . Ho believed he
had—( hear , bear ) . He believed he had proved that , to satisfy the suspicions of a foreign potentate , the Government of the day bad taken a step which Sir Kobert Walpole bad deolared never could be justified except under circumstaneey of internal derangement —( hear ) . At this timeihere were no circumstances of internal derangement to justify such conduct as that oF the Home Secretary —{ loud and repeated cheers ) . He lacked the only jucsification which Sir Robert Walpole permitted tor such an arbitrary exercise of power , and he rendered his case worse by the line of conouct he had pursued respecting it ; for be would force every rational man to tbis conclusion —that bis shrinking from investigation was proof positive of his criminality— ( tumultuous cheers , amid which strangers were ordered to withdraw , and the House proceeded to a division , when there
appeared—For Mr . Duneomb& ' s motion ... 162 Against it 206 Majority 44 On the motion for going into committee upon the Bank Charter Bill , Mr . Alderman Thompson contended that the total which the Bank of England should be entitled to issue on securities ought to be £ 2 , 500 , 000 beyond the proposed amount - of j 614 . 000 . 000 . He apprehended that the bill would have a strong tendency to contract the circulation . Mr . Williams was not disposed to trust the Bank of England with the power of extending their issues beyond the £ 14 , 000 , 000 . If we should have good harvests for the next two or three years , this bill would give us as large a circulation as we bad enjoyed for some time past .
Mr . Mastebmah desired to press in the strongest manner upon the Government the neoessity of increasing the Bank of England maximum of jS 14 , 00 # j 000 at least for the next five or three years . He wiahed also to see a change in the arrangement respecting tbe average npon which the maximum of circulation for tbe country banks was to be settled . Mr . Mcntz said it would seem , from the laudation of Mr . Williams , that after thirty yeara of blandering in banking , we were now to get into Paradise . But be had not told them how they were to get their profits or pay their rent . They could not keep up a high price of corn and a low price of money ; and therefore tbis measure must cause the repeal of the Corn Laws , and bring sll things to the continental level . This view he supported by figures and citations , and moved that the House go into Committee on the Bill that day six months . Mr . Wallacs seconded tbe amendment .
Sir R . PkBt regretted that in this stage of the measure Mr . Munta should have thought fit to raise another debate upon the principle of it , instead of going into committee upon it without further delay . He showed , fiom examinations of Mr . Muntz before a committee , the gross absurdities which that gentleman ' s theory involved , and of "which one was , that it would cheat everybody who bad bargained to receive a fixed sum . The Government could not assent to any alterations in this bill wbioh would
affect its principle , Ho was , therefore , unable to accede to the proposals of Mr . Alderman Thompson and of Mr . Masterman for an advance upon the maximum of £ 14 , 000 , 000 . The modifications to which the Government were prepared to consent were the following : —instead of taking a two years ' average for determining the maximum of the circulation of country banks , he was prepared to take an average of the twelve weeks preceding the announcement of tbis measure . Tho increase of circulation thus occat < iom : d would not be muob more
than half a million ; and the satisfaction produced would be very considerable . With respect to tbe returns to be published , be proposed to ascertain the maximum by monthly , instead of weekly , averages . After these explanations , be hoped the House would now consent to proceed with the bill in committee . Mr . Wallace , Mr . Barnard , General Johnson , Colonel Sjsthobp , and Sir Walter James added some observations ; and Mr . Muntz insisting , against tho very obvious feeling ef the House , on a division , accordingly it took place , wnen the amendment was supported by 18 against 205 . The House then went into committee on the Bill : but on the second clause ,
Mr . Newdegate took tbe opportunity of making a speech , arguing that the Bill will lower the value , and reduce the prices of produce , and bring about a stringent action on commerce , as well as agriculture . He proposed an amendment that £ 22 , 000 , 000 be substituted for £ 14 , 000 , 000 , as tbe amount of notes to be issued on securities by the Bank of England . A debate arose , and , tbe amendment being withdrawn , the -the clause was agreed to , and further progress with tbe Bill was suspended , by the Chairman rep orting progress . The House adjourned at a quarter past one o ' clock .
Tuesda y , June 25 . A number of petitions were presented in favour of , and against , the existing Corn Laws . Mr . Villiers was then called on to bring on hia motion for the Repeal of the Corn Laws . The advocates of protection were driven to imitate the organization , without meeting the success , of tbe Anti-Corn Law League ; and the continued discussion of the subject , while it took away all cause for despair , gave them much reason for hope . Their cause was baaed on truth and justice , and was gradually gaining ground , while that of their opponents was losing it ; and the Anti-Corn Law League , by its continued efforts , was exerting an important influence on public opinion . The corn-law had
never yet been placed on any national or pub'io ground . All the pretexts for it had been sifted and found wanting ; the most plausible of them all , that of independence of foreigners , had been proved by facts to be the most foolish ; for during tbe thirteen years of the existence of the corn-law of 1828 , we had imported 30 , 000 , 000 of foreign grain , and , after an experiment of thirty years with this protective system , we had , during the last five years , instead of being able to depend on our own soil for bread , been compelled to bny 17 , 000 , 000 quarters from foreigners . It bad been proved , too , tbat neither farmer nor agricultural labourer had the slightest interest in tbe maintainance of the corn-law ; and
the farmers : themselves were becoming universally convinced that it was an obstacle in tbe way of their prosperity . There never was a better time for the abolition of this law , free from political excitement , yet presenting a mass of sooial misery calling for relief and amelioration : habitual associations connected with a good harvest , abundance of food , and plenty of employment , with a bad harvest , scarcity , and distress . Why , then , quarrel with those who would make permanent the benefits associated with a good harvest ? To blockade Grosvenor Square might seem ridiculous j not more so in principle , than to shut up our Custom House by a
shdiDg-scale , and confine as increasing population to the produce of a little island . If they were in earnest in their desire to ameliorate the condition of tbe people , they would aid him in getting rid of a law whose effects he traced , by comparative statistics , in the increase of crime , the extension of disease , especially typhus fever , and other -calamitieB , ail of which were aggravated by scarcity , and diminished by abundance . He also referred to the confessions and the legislation of Sir Robert Peel , since he last came into office ; and after citing largely the opinions of agriculturists on the subject of leases , agricultural improvement , and so forth , he concluded a speech of upwards of three hours , by
moving , "That this House do reBolye itself into a committee , for the purpose of considering tbe following resolutions : — " That it appears , by a recent census , that the people of this country are rapidly increasing in number . " That it is in evidenoe before this House , that a large proportion of her Majesty's subjects are insufficiently provided with the fiist necessaries t > f life . ** That , nevertheless , a Corn Law ia in force wbioh restricts the supply of food , and thereby lessons Ub abundance . M That any such restriction having for its object to impede the free purchase of an article npon which depends the subsistence of tbe community , ia indefensible in principle , injurious in operation , and ought to be abolished . *
" That it is therefore expedient that the Act 6 and 6 Vic , c . 14 , shall be repealed forthwith . " Mr . Fbbbakd said the Hon . Gentleman who had just addressed the House had not informed the Honse what particular interest he was anxious to
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represent . The Anti . rCorn Law League party had endeavoured to convince the working classes of this country that they had fcheir interest particularly at heart , and for a time they were enabled to make many of those classes believe so , and they received considerable support from them ; but at last the working classes showed that they were folly aware of the intentions of the Anti-Corn Law League party , and they were now so detested and despised that they dare not hold one single public meeting there , in the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire of Lancashire . In Manchester on one or two occasions attempts had been made by the working classes to express their opnions in the presence of the Anti-Corn Law League upon this Question , and
what treatment bad they received ! The Hon . Member for Wolverhampion said he would read a letter to show the opinion of the landed proprietors upon this question . Ho ( Mr . Perrand ) would also take the opportunity of reading to the House a letter from a working man , stating the treatment he had reoeived at the hands of the Anti-Corn Law League party in Manchester , which was as disgraceful to them as a body as it was to the magistracy of the town . Mr . Ferrand read the letter , the writer of which stated that be had been bustled and arrested for merely asking , at a meeting of the League , whether that meeting was a public one ? Ho would ask the Right Hon . Gentleman the Secretary for the Home Department whether , in allowing such conduct , he
was performing his duty as a public officer paid by public money ? The Hon . Gentleman had been particularly desirous of impressing on his bearers that the working classes in the agricultural districts , if deprived of their labour by free trade in corn , would find employ ment in the manufacturing districts . Such an attempt was made in 1837 and 1835 , and the result was well known . Some of the most influents ! parties of the Anti-Corn Law League were intimately conneoted with what he had ever called , and should continue to call , selling of people out ot the agricultural into the manufacturing districts . But let him bring before the notice of the House what had been the extension of the trade in the manufacturing districts upon the working classes . Let them be
heard . The manufacturers were heard in that House , for there were plenty of their order there to fight their battles . Bat let the working classes be heard . Let him bring to the notice of the House the memorial of the wood-sawyers of Manchester and Salford , which had been presented to the Lords of the Privy Council for Trade . That bod y explained that thousands of sawyers were walking daily in the streets , seeking in vain for employment , and this they attributed to two principal causes , which , without advantaging the community at large , have almost entirely taken away their moans of subsistence , viz ., the constantly increasing number of sawmills , whereby manual labour is almost totally superseded by machinery , and the
extensive importation from America , at a very low rate of duty , of three-inch , two-inch , and one and a haJf-iuoh planks , which are uaed here for joists , rafters , and various other purposes . A pair of sawyers considered it a good average day ' s work , they being paid by the piece , to cut 300 superficial feet ia twelve hours , while one steam sawmill , in the same period of time , witb the assistance of six men , will cut at least 30 , 00 * feet , thus doing the work of 200 men , throwing 194 sawyers out of employment , and at a very low average of three to each family , leaving 582 individuals destitute of the means of subsistence . He had also in his hand a petition from the calicoblock-printers of Lancashire , Cheshire , and Derbyshire , arid they said— " That your petitioners have
long suffered serious privations from the want of employment , and have seen , with the greatest alarm the different establishments augmenting the number of their machines , which your petitioners consider to be the real cause of their want and misery . " The following statement will evidently prove the sufferings they endure can be attributed to the unrestricted exercise of machinery alone . In the past year , 1842 , the total number of . pieces printed in the above counties amounted to upwards of 11 , 000 , 000 . 100 , 000 of the said number have been printed by the operative block-printer alone , with from one to six colours , while 900 , 000 have been finished with the aid of the block-printer putting in from one to six colours after the machine :
from which it appears dearly , that 10 , 000 , 000 pieces have been printed by the machine alone , with from one , to six colours , without ever coming in contact with the operative block-printer . A ad this immaaw quantity of print is produced by machinery , while your unfortunate petitioners were , and are still , in a state of destitution and starvation ; one-fourth of them being without employment , or having any visible means of living . During the last two sessions of Parliament he ( Mr . Ferrand ) had presented petitions to that House , signed by 25 , 000 frame-work knitters in different counties , who deolared that they regarded the extensive use of machinery as the great cause of their sufferings . None of these memorialists attributed their distress
to the Corn Laws . He ( Mr . Ferrand ) would beg the indulgence of the House while be read some extracts from a pamphlet written by a Manchester operative , who had passed the greater part of his life in a factory . He would ask any Hon . Gentleman , ' who denied the truth of those statements to go down to Manchester , and meet the writer of this pamphlet publicly , before the working classes , and there to ascertain whether or not his statements were true . [ Mr . Ferrand proceeded to read several extracts from the pamphlet , showing the distress inflicted on the working classes by unregulated machinery . The Hon . ( Member also read a number of statistical statements , addressed to the pubiio by the Manchester spinners , fustian-cutters , machine-makers , fca .
* o . J The Hon . Member for Wolverhampton had given details of the sufferings of tbe agriculturists ; which , if true , were disgraceful to the agriculturists , and he ( Mr . Ferrand ) would give a description of the working classes in the town of Bolton , represented by the Hon . Member for Bolton . Mr . Ashworth , an active supporter of the Anti-Corn Law party , stated that in Bolton there were 300 families , consisting of 1 , 400 persons , whose whole income , from which they were to provide food and clothing , did not exceed 15 < id . a week . There were also 1 , 000 families at 6 d a head ; 1 , 200 at 23 a week ; 1 , 300 at 2 s 6 d ; and 1 , 601 with only 500 beds among them , Search the whole of the agricultural districts , and you would
find no body of men living in such a frightful state of misery and degradation . Mr . Ash worth also stated that a Bolton weaver could not afford to purchase a shirt oftener than once in five years , on account of the lowness of his wages , while he was able to weave as much cotton in a week as would make fifty shirts . He ( Mr . Ferrand ) challenged those who might dispute these statements to meet him before the working classes in the manufacturing distriots , who would support him in his present course . Tho Hon . Member for Sheffield laughed ; but he could tell that Hon . Gent , that the working classes of those counties had said that every word he ( Mr . F . ) had uttered in that House was true ; and informed him , also , that his assertion of those truths
had caused them to place confidence in him . Tho persons who had centradictad him knew that they were contradicting what was true ; and they durst not meet him in the manufacturing distriots , and there deny the truth of his stat . meats . He did not observe tbe Noble Lord the Member for Sunderland ( Lord Howick ) in his place . [ Lord Howick , who nas enjoying a sound slumber on one of the benches of the Opposition side , was awoke by an Hoh . Member near him amid loud laughter . Mr . Ferrand continued ] . He was sorry to disturb the Noble Lord—( laugnter)—buthe hoped whentheNoblo Lord was fully awake some Hon . Friend of his would inform aim what he ( Mr . Forrand ) was now about to state . On more than one occasion that Noble
Lord had positively asserted in that House , that he ( Mr . Ferrand ) had charged the Hon . Member for Stockport ( Mr . Cobden ) with carrying out the Truok system in all its harshness and cruelty . He ( Mr . Ferrand ) denied that he had ever made such a charge against that Hon . Member ; and if the Noble Lord reiterated that charge , he ( Mr . Ferrand ) would call upon him as a gentleman , and as a member of that House , to read the words in which he ( Mr . Ferrand ) had ' niade that accusation . [ Tbe Hon . Gentleman then repeated the statement made on a former occasion . } This question had been discussed in the manufacturing districts by the Anti-Corn Law League party till' they only dared to , hold their meetings with barred doors , and under the protection of the police .
They had now taken refuge in Co vent-garden Theatre , where they were in the habit of collecting all the ragged political dissenters of the metropolis ; but , was that a fit audience for them , when they were appealing to the working classes , and discussing , as they said , fcheir interests } He bad addressed the House , not for the purpose of defending the agricultural interest ; he left to the agricultural members that task , not forgetting tbat when they got protection for themselves they had forgot to proteot the working classes . He considered it to be as sure as that the present Poor Law could not stand with the present corn law—to adopt an expression of the Hon . Member for Wolverhampton—that if the Government and Legislature persisted much lon in treating the manufacturing classes as
ger they had done ; if they were to be trampled in the dust in the manufacturing distriots , it would be found that all law and order would be trodden under foot ; it would be found that men would be ready to take extreme courses who had always hitherto been anxious to live peaceably , and who bad covered the table of the Honae , year after yea ** with fcetitionB praying the House to listen , to their appeals ; who had been , year after year , imploring the Government to condescend to read their petitions , in which they asserted that machinery was the cause , and the sole reason of their distress , and asked thai , instead of giving extension to that machinery by depressing tbe landed inteiest , the House should once more give the working classes the power to earn their bread by the sweat of their brow .
The Hon . Member ' s amendment having been seconded by Mr . Bobihwick , was then put from the Chair , thns—The Spkakeh having read the original motion of Mr . Yilliers , said , " sinee which it has been proposed by way of amendment to leave cut all ( he
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words after the jvorda ' necessaries ftf life , ' in order to insert these words— ' That although a corn law is in force , whibh protects the supply of food produced by British capital and native industry , and thereby inoreases its abundance , while it lessons competition in I the market of labour , nevertheless machinery has for many years lessened amongst the working classes tbe means of purchasing the same . That such Corn Law having for its object the protection of British capital , and the encouragement of native labour employed in the growth Of an article upon wbioh depends the subsistence of the community , is just in principle , beneficial in operation , and ought not to be abolished . That it is , therefore , expedient that every encouragemeflt and protection shall be given to native industry , which is the groundwork of our national greatness , and the source of our national wealth . ' The question I have to put is , that ' the original words stand part of the question . ' "
Captain Berkeley condemned both the League and the Anti-League , but would vote for Mr . Villiers motion . j Mr . Gladstone said it would be his duty to meet the motion of Mr . VillierB with a direct negative ; and he hoped ; therefore , that Mr . Ferrand would not place bis amendment in the way of a direct " aye" or " no , " on a subject of so much importance as the Corn Laws . He was not an advocate of extreme protection , but confidence in the stability of a law was essential to the complete working of a measure which , so far as it has been tested by the experience of two peculiar and unusual years , has realised tbe most sanguine expectations . In 1842 they had spent eighteen nights in fair , hard
discussion on the Corn Laws ; they could not renew it every year ; and he claimed something litre stability for the decision ] of Parliament . Sir R . Peel was accused of having promised a particular price to the farmer for his grain . k He had done no such thing ; he had lfaerely indicated that it would be desirable , if it were possible , to keep the price between 54 s . and 58 j . ; and in tbe three seasons from 1842 to 1844 these limits were not exceeded , a ' nd even the minimum , during the last year , had not been reached . He deprecated the continuance of the Anti-Corn Law agitation ; and declared , that as it was the duty of the Government , so he hoped it would be the pleasure of the House , to resist the motion . i
Lord John Russell found himself , like Sir Robert Peel a few eveniDgs ago in " no very euviable position . " He was sot prepared , either to say that the corn laws should be at once abolished , or tbat the existing law should be maintained . There were inherent vices in the present system ; which indicated its premature decay ; aud when Mr . Gladstone appealed to ihe last two years , he merely proved that the present government , instead of being wiser , bad only enjoyed much better weather than their predecessors . Would tbe existing corn-law stand two successive bad harvests ? It violated the commercial priociple—whileafixedduty . whatever might be its amount
six , eight , or ten shillings , enabled the merchant to make his calculations with oertainty . But be apprehended that a sudden repeal of the Corn Laws would cause panic , affect the employment of capital in agriculture , and lead to a greater importation than was consistent either with the profits of the importing merchant , or the security of the home cultivator . The better way would be to revise the whole system of our protective duties , instead of dealing in perpetual harangues against the Corn Law , the maintenance of which was more desired by the farmers , than by the landlords themselves . Bat he could see no end to agitation so long as the Government were determined to maintain the
existing law . { Mr . Miles commiserated the position of Lord John Russell , thanked Mr . Gladstone for his straightforward , j honest speech , and called on the country gentlemen to listen to no compromise at all . The Anti-League was merely a defensive , the Anti-Corn Law League an aggressive , association , whose interference , however , at ^ electious had proved anything but a successful experiment . The working population were well aware that the object ) of the League was to j cheapen bread in order to lower labour—a conclusion which none of their speeches , pamphl « ts , or papers attempted to meet .
Lord Howick expressed his regret that the motion of Mr . Villiers was put in an inconvenient form ; but seeing that the question was now between the existing law and a total repeal , he felt it to be bis duty to support it . The inadequate reward of industry—the low rate of wages and of profitswas attributable directly to the Corn Law . The Noble Lord concluded a lengthened speech by warning the House against perpetuating evils which , if unremoved , would generate greater mischiefs . Chartism , and other discontents , arose from no love of the Corn Law ; though the working man might not support the Anti-Corn Law League , he demanded a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work ; and the institutions of the country were not eafe without an amelioration of the concondition of the labouring population . The debate was then adjourned . Wednesdat , Junb 26 .
Mr . Stafford ; O'Brien resumed the debate on Mr . Villiers motion , and was followed by Captain Layard , Mr . Ward , Mr . Milner Gibson , Mr . Butt , Mr . Cobden , Mr . Edward EUice , and Mr . Bright , in support of the motion ; and Colonel Rushbrocke , Lard Rendlesham , Sir John Trollop © , Mr . Bankea and Sir Robert Peel against the motion . Mr . Villiebs replied . ' . Mr . Ferrano withdrew his amendment , and the House divided on [ the original proposition . For tbe motion 124 Against it .. ; ~ 328 Majority . « 204
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To the ] Editor of the Silurian . Sir—As it is the intention of Mrs . Zephanlah Williams to get up a petition in favour of her husband , signed only by such as would voluntarily signify their unbiassed wishes in his behalf , of whatever opinion or party they may be , I , as a person who bad tbe best opportunities of knowing that man , would gladly come forward , at a time when it is most needed , to offer my testimony as to bisjprlvafce and pubiio character . ' From the year 1822 to 1832 I was clerk under him and hia partners , Messrs Webb and Pritcbard , and I can confidently aver tbat during tbat time I bad tbe best opportunities ] that could be desired of knowing whether this man , in his conduct towards others ' , vjrs influenced by a love of justice or that of empty fame , and I feel myself bound injustice to declare tbat it was by the former . j
At a time when be had not even thought of anything like a public advocacy of tbe interests of tbe working classes , it was well known that when almost all the coal masters of Monmouthshire availed themselves to the utmost of the j unfair advantages of the truck system , the works of Zsphaniah Williams formed a glorious exception ; and that they were not at all affected by the agitations caused by that system , for , although many of bis workmen came for shop-notes , such as preferred to be paid in money were , without exception , as kindly treated as tbe others , and were repeatedly told by me , as I had been instructed to tell them , that it nude not the slightest difference whether they wished to be paid in money or not ; many , indeed , of tbe best and oldest workmen were paid but in money .
Generous and just as his conduct towards hia Workmen was , I am proud to say , tbat it was by no meana different towards individuals of a different class ; inasmuch as I can name three persona , and they are too tfell known to hundreds with me , whom he assisted with hundreds of pounds of bis own money to carry on theii works after they had failed on theirewn means ; and never was there aj benefactor so basely used as be was . What I might state respecting these persons , ia well known too at Mr . Jones of Llanaitb ' s bank , where Mr . Williams's credit , | until he had become the victim of bis own charity , stood with the highest Suilce it to
say , that by those very persona whom he bad raised from poverty , he lost , in the coulee of six months , about fifteen hundred pounds . But after , these and other losses almost equally attributable to bis humanity , bad brought him to the brink of ruin , even then his love of justice and the sense of his own obligations m a master had not forsaken him : for be even pawned hia watch to enable him to pay his workmen , and allowed me , when in the receipt of considerable sums of money for country Bales of coals every week , to answer every demand among his neighbours without reserving a shilling for his individual use , when he saw the impending ruin that had become inevitable .
I come now to bis conduct at Blacnan , where he bad been induced at last to settle as a publican . It 1 b well known in Monmouthshire that , previous to this time , Mr . Williams had never taken a prominent part in any political movement ; but , as his readiness to aid any cause that-seemed to have the elevation of tbft oppressed and the degraded ia view , could never be doubted , the Chaytists met a ready welcome at his house , and were allowed to establish a society there . Bat , before he himself had even expressed a decided opinion on the merits of the Chartist movements , at an anti-GhaitUt meeting held at Nantyglo , hia name was most wantonly attacked , and on tbe day following that on which the meeting took place , a band of ruffians entered bis house , asked ( or the National Petition that lay there for signature and tore it te pieoea , and even threatened to pull down toe bouse upon Williamtt head . ¦'' { ..
In addiUon to thta , tbe workmen had been charged not to so-near his house ; but this interdict , as it may be supposed , beingi directed agalni * a persons © guiltless of any political ofibnee , would create a feeling of » ym * pathy in wailam'ifaTeur j and so Ifc did , and he whom violence had tone rendered dependant on ^ workmen alone for bii Bubilatencei left nothing undone Oat might convince them of bl » gratitudes bnt vtehehad time to weigh the consequences of this connection he had become the very centre of a vortex , whose depttybieadth , and violence he was totally unable to ascertain i
. . ..... To you . Sir , ifci ia well known that hia religion * opinions also were ( most intolerantly exposed with a view to damn hia political ones ; for the short defence which he published was ( tinted at you offloe ..
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What Zephaniah WilHams bas bad to suffer millions know , but comparatively few are they tbat know what harras 8 ing circumstances hurried him on to that extremity from which he could not return . Thousands have been told , to , his prejudice , what his religious opinion * were ; bnt only bifl former neighbours can testify as to the candour and ingenuousness with which he treated his antagonists . Those who beat knew this man ,, fat order to have him restored to his family , cannot but hope that where bis offence ia most rigorously condemned , an acquaintance with the man ' s real chaiacter may be formed as well , inasmuch as if that were bo nil . versally known as the particular acts which caused his banishment from his native country , there could , I presume , by this time be felt but one wish , namely , that of seeing the kindest neighbour , the most / osfc master , and the most affable , candid , straightforward , and unsuspecting of men , again in the bosom of his family .
Far be it from me to lay tbe causes of Williams's present Bufferings at any man ' s door ; bat , now that the political tempest has past , who can otherwise than lament that the persecution which a less generous and noble mind would not be much affected by , hurried him to the commission of irretrievable errors . He who through error alone is become my enemy , needs only to be convinced of that error to make him my most valuable friend ; but he who never dared to show hia hatred will never possess love that is worth sharing . I am , Sir , yours truly , John Thomas .
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POLAND AND NICHOLAS . THE POLISH MEETIN 6 . The Polish emigrants assembled on the 5 th of June , 1844 , in the Portland Rooms , 22 , Foley-street , Portland-place , London , in order to manifest the ananimom feelings exeited in their bosoms by the arrival of the Russian Autocrat and tyrant of Poland : — 1 . That having left their fatherland , not as slaves flying the wrath of an offended master , but as free citizens of a glorious and once independent , though now enslaved country—protesting in the face of Eoropa against the violation of their sacred and imprescriptible rights to self-government—they are now the only free organs ef their nation ' s claims and wishes , and as such are bound by their duty , which no considerations of time and place can alter , to lift up their voice against the usurper Nicholas , in whose presence they now find themselves on a foreign soil .
2—That his tyrannical acts towards the people of Poland , such as the transplantation of whole masses of the population from their homes into the interior of Russia—the forcible abduction ot children , torn frosi their mother ' s breasts , and carried to distant regionstbe spoliation of the property of toe church—the enforcement upon a fettered nation of a foreign religion , and of foreign laws , and foreign judges—title prohibition of the use of their own language—the abolition of establishments of public and private instruction—and , lastly , bis numberless perjuries , * these , and many similar enormities , of which tbe catalogue is too long to be given at length , form but aggravating circumstances of his hereditary crime in being the usurper of the largest portion of Poland- ^ country which bating ; during ton centuries of a glorious existence well deserved of Christendom and of Europe , was robbed of ber independence by the act branded by the verdict ol the world as infamous , and known as tbe partition of Poland .
3—Tbat no diplomatic arrangements , no treaties concluded after this infamous partition , can , or eves could , be considered as binding upon the Polish nation ; that as long as Poland does not re-appear among the nations of Europe in her ancient limits—as long as she does not occupy a position based on the will of the people at large , and thereby raise herself to that eminence which will enable her to become again a bar against the influence of despotism in Europe—so long , true to her great mission , she will not lay ; down her arms , she will not give up in any way her sacred and indefeasible rights , in order that she may become again a bulwark against tbe encroachments of that insatiable ambition which would introduce everywhere but one faith—the worship of the Czsr ; bat one law—the knoul ; and but one duty—the fear !
4—That , although fate has hitherto been against us , there i * a smothered fire in Poland , which sooner or later , will burst forth ; that we , the exiles , bava solemnly sworn to collect materials for that conflagration * until the whole nation shall rise , even as a youth starting up from a long slumber ; that we awear , before England and the whole world , never to abate . in our fcfforts , ftB long as there la one remaining amongst usj to carry on that struggle with our foe , silently , aa well as overtly , till the hour of retribution shall strike j and we , assembled here , take a solemn oath that when that hour of justice shall ' arrive , we will suicerelj devote the last breath of our life * , and spill : the last drop in our veins , in tbe coming fight ; and never stop until the last of our brethren shakes off the chains of tyranny . Then shall we be able to Btreteh forth the band of fellowship to the free nations of the world , and to unite our efforts to theirs in the causa of liberty , and tbe accomplishment of those great destinies which Providence has ordained that mankind should
pursue . In behalf of the Polish Emigrants in London , ( Signed ) Colonel L . Oborski , Chairman . E . Staniewicz , Secretary
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DEATHS . It is our painful duty to announce the death of Mr . Jeremiah Lane , who departed this life after a painful illness , on Saturday evening , the 15 tb instant , in the 27 th year of his age , at the residence of hia mother in Hewct ' s Court , George Leigh-street , Manchester . The deceased was a sterling Democrat ; and in him the Chartists of Manchester have lost one of their most eflicient members . For years he has acted in the capacity of local lecturer and committee-man . In fact , such was his love for the cause of liberty , that nothing but severe indisposition could prevent him from attending to bis duties . His remains were followed to their last home on Wednesday afternoon by a large concourse of Mb relatives and friends . The deceased , who was the support of an aged and widowed mother , is lamented by a large circle of friends .
Lately , at Walsall , John Jones , miner , in the 46 th year of his age . He was a , sterling Democrat , and one that had exerted himself bravely in the Miner ' s cause . He was elected delegate to tbe Glasgow Conference for South Staffordshire . He was well respected by all who knew him , as an'honest , op ' right , and industrious man . He has left a wife and two small children , exposed to every privation , to lament his loss . We therefore call -npon those who respected him while living , to assist his widow in her destitute situation . We hope the district will take this important ease into their serions consideration , and come forward and assist in placing tbe family beyond the "tender mercies" of a Poor Law BastUe . Any person desirous of sending a remittance must direct to John Griffiths , Lamp Tavern , Staffordstreet , Walsall , Staffordshire .
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Leeds Corn Mabket , Jitne 25 . —The eupp ly of Grain to this day's market is moderate . Fine fresa Wheat has been slow sale at barely last weeka prices , other descriptions in very limited demand . Barley firm . Oats and Beans scarcely as well sola . The weather has been showery since last Tuesday . THE AVERAGE PRICES OF WHEAT , FOB THE V fSSS ending JuNe 25 , 1844 . Wheat . Barley . Oats . Rye . Beans . Peat ' ftrs . Qrs . Qrs .- Qrs . Qrs . Q «« 3127 122 ' 668 0 427 15 £ . s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ f- f 2 160 | 1 10 Zi 1 2 10 } 0 0 0 1 # °% l 18 i Leeds Fobtnightly Cattle Faib , Jplt 2 oV-W « had a very large quantity of sheep at market , ( 50 WJ which met with ready sale at from S ^ d to Sjd per lb . Beasts were all sold up at from 7 s 6 d to 7 s »<»
per stone . . . Hat Mabket . —Hay was sold in the Leeds mar * ] on Tuesday , at from 7 Jd to 8 d per stone ; Straw a }* to 4 d per stone . York Cobn Market , Jvhe 22 . —We have been visited with very refreshing showers during the < a s » few days , which must prove highly beneficial tojM " land . Wheat and all other description of Gram maintain late rates , but the speculative demand t « Spring Corn is not so great as we have lately n *» occasion to notice .
Zepbtaniah Williams.
ZEPBtANIAH WILLIAMS .
Local Markets.
LOCAL MARKETS .
Leeds :—Prinud For The Proprietor, P E A B Gjjj£ O'Oonmor, Eaq. Of Hamm«Nnitb, Cq^
Leeds : —PrinUd for the Proprietor , P E A B Gjjj £ O'OONMOR , Eaq . of Hamm « nnitb , Cq ^
lag OSmb , No * . 12 and 13 , MarlMtsfcM » t , BrlgfcWI mi Published bittii « aid Joshw ^ "jfj ( for tk * said * EAReU / iyoqnaoJt , ) •'¦* *• *' UBg-kOHM , N « fc Market **** , ¦ ' ^ E S iattraal Commiud « a « o »« dstiB «*«^ « ^ ""J No . S , Market 4 tre » V amd Vb » said Noa , ^ ¦ £ 18 , Marfcri-Btrert , Brlggato , ftua oonstituttog ^ whW of the . aid Print ug-and Publish . ^ ene Premisei . * ( Saturday , Jane 2 » . !«**•>
Just Published, Price One Shilling, The Lacon Of Liberty, ≫A Political Monitor For The Millions;" Containing Extracts Selected Irom In
Just Published , price one Shilling , THE LACON OF LIBERTY , > a Political Monitor for the Millions ; " containing Extracts selected irom in
More Young Patriots.
MORE YOUNG PATRIOTS .
On Wednesday , the 19 th , was duly registered at Burnley , Peter M'Donall , son of William and Mary Jackson , of Haggate , near Burnley .
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g - " . * TffE NORTHERN STAR . j June 29 , 1844
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 29, 1844, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1269/page/8/
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