On this page
- Departments (4)
- Adverts (2)
-
Text (9)
-
*j^ arliamentarQ HEntrtltcpm*.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Royal lomo, Price 3s 6d. THE MIDDLE SYSTEM OF TEACHING CLASSICS ; a Manual for Classical Teachers.
-
LOCAL MARKETS.
-
Untitled Article
-
¦ Leeds :—Printed tot the Proprietor, F BAB GUTS CCONNOR, Esq. ot Hunmazsmitb , CoasoJ
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Ad
By the Rev . H . P . Haughton , B . A ., Incumbent of Flimwell , Sussex ; formerly Queen Elizabeth ' s Scholar , and Hulmian Exhibitioner , of Brazen Nose College , Oxford . London : John W . Parker , West Strand .
Untitled Ad
WATSON'S POPULAR WORKS :-a . d , Thompson ' s Inquiry into the Principles of tbe Distribution of Wealth , 1 vol . 8 vo . cloth lettered , ( published at 143 . ) ... o 0 Thompson '/ Labour Rewarded . 1 vol ., in wrapper ( published at 4 s . )~» 1 0 Thompson ' s Appeal of Women , 1 vol ., in wrapper ( published at 6 s . ) ... 1 6 Cerebral Physiology and Materialism , by W . C . Engledue , with a letter on Mesmerism , by Dr . EUiotson ... ... 0 4 Holy SoripiureB Analyzed , by R . Cooper ... 0 8 Scripturian ' s Creed , by Citizen Davies 0 2 The Protestant's Progress from Church of Englandism to infidelity . By R . Griffith , Esq 1 0 Modern Slavery , by the Abbe De la Mannais 0 * Doubts of Infidels 0 3 Socialism Made Easy . By C . Southwell ... 0 2 Palmer's Principles of Nature , 1 vol . olothlet . 2 0 „ „ in a wrapper , 1 6 To be had in nine Numbers at Twopence each . Volney ' s Lectures on History , boards 1 j > „ » " wrapper 1 ° Volney's Law of ature ... « * Volney ' s Ruins of Empires and Law of Nature 1 vol . cloth , lettered 3 0 To be had in 6 Parts at 6 d . each , or 15 numbers at Twopence each . Annett's Free Inquirer 1 Jj Freret ' B Letter from Thrasbylus to Leuoippe ... 1 ° New Trial of the Witnesses at the Resurrection of Christ ... 1 " Watson Refuted , by Samuel Frances ° " London : J . Watson , 5 , Paul ' s-alley , Paternosterrow .
*J^ Arliamentarq Hentrtltcpm*.
* j ^ arliamentarQ HEntrtltcpm * .
Untitled Article
HOUSE OF COMMONS ,-Tcksdat , Jttlt 23 . j The House met soon after twelve o ' clock , and ' went through committee oil the Joint Stock Basks i Bill sod the Joint Stock Companies' Regulation , Bill . The Railways Bill was reported , and the i House then adjourned till five o ' clock , when it pro- ceeded to the motions of . which notices had been ' given . The first of these motions was that of Lord I . Ashley , for an address to the Crown , praying Her : Wfijesty to take the Lunacy Commissioners' report i into consideration . ! The Noble Lord said—The lunatic asylums of j Tfrngland were dirisible into three cl&SSBB ; houses j for single patients ? -pabHo asylums ; -and private i
madhouses , into which paupers and others were ' received for payment . With respect to the first Class , the commission could obtain no satisfactory returns . They knew that under the care of the Cour t of Chancery there were 282 p _ atients , but they were precluded by statute from interfering or in-4 pnring into the conduct of private establishments of this elass . ^ Let them consider the character of the J po ^ er which , nnder such a Bvstem , was given to { the relatives and keepers of the insane . Let them ¦ r * fleet what temptations there were to an abuse of ; the power . Many patients were confined in this \ " way by a person who received £ 500 a-year for j iheir keep . What a temptation to render the , lunatic incurable in order to keep him in perpetual coafinement ^ Chearhear ) . Why , the returning
, iieaJih of she patient was the signal for the discontinuance of ihe £ 500 a-year— ( hear , hear ) . Sd conviaoed was ho of the evils of this system that he did not heslt&ie to declare that if it pleased Providence to afflict any of his dearest relations with aberration of intellect , he would place them in any public asylum rather than under thB sort of custody he-had described ~( hear , hear ) . The only species of _ control which existed over these asylums was this : —If any patient was detained in any one of them for a longer space than iwelve months it was the dutT of the keeper of the asylum to make a return , privatejy , to the clerk of the Lunacy Commission of the name and designation of such patient- In many eases no notice whatever was taken of this clause
in ihe ' act of Parliament . In other instances , the law was evaded by ihe removal of the patient to Borne other house after he had been for eleven months as inmate of any particular dwelling . He sow came to the next class of these establishments , —the eonntv lunatic asylums . These were very inadeqnatein their number to the wants of the country . In Expand and Wales , on the 1 st of January in the present year , there were no less than 16 , 821 lunatics , whilst in the different county asylums there was only provision for 4 , 155 , leaving more than 12 . 000 to be provided for , 89 of whom were in asylums ^ stablished m » der local acts , 121 m Bethlehem and St . Luke ' s , 243 in other public asylums , and 9 , 339 in workhouses . The management of these county asylums is very
unequal . Some were admirably managed—others were extremely ill coadacted ; Tmt , certably , whatever their management , they all of them offered this advantage , that no profit whatever was given in them to the superintendents , and that they baa no direct or indirect interest in the confinement of the patients— ( loud cheering ) . It might appear invidious to specify the last-mentioned asylums ; but he thought it well to mention , that Wait-field , llanwell , Lincoln , Lancaster , and Gloucester , were all excellently conducted inEtHntionB . At this moment , however , there were no less than twenty-one counties in England and Wales which had no asylum at all . The third class of asylums was that in which Dauper lunatics and others
were received at & very low charge . The total number of patients in asylums of this description was , en the 1 st of January last , 4 , 072 . Of these tkere were in metropolitan private bouses 973-, and in provincial licensed houses 1 , 426 . Upon this a very serious question arose , whether or cot they ought to license any houses at all for the reception of patients ! He knew some of the houses be referred to were Terywell condncted , but lie could not but feel that the principle involved in licensing was a very dangerona one ; and , indeed , whatever might be the opinion of the House regarding the confinement of a wealthier order of patients in these asylums , there could be no doubt as to the eases of pauper lunatics received a . t the starvation rate of ob . or 73 . a-bead
per week , out of which sum the keeper of the asylum was to keep the lunatic , to clothe him , afford him house room , apply remedial processes , and , above a ll , realise a profit for himself I At one time in this metropolis the competition was so great that some proprietors of asylnms tried to get persons sent to them at 6 s . a-week . The commissioners stopped that , and the Minimum now , he believed , was 85 a-week . Bat in the provinces the evil was beyond their control , and the consequences were frightful . The commissioners said in their report : — " Many asylums were formerly private booses : the mansion is
sometimes engrossed by the proprietor and a few pri-Tate patients , the paupers being consigned to buildings formerly nsed as tfficea and out-houses . " But he would read Bome of the statements . From West Auckland they were told , that in the asylnm there , there were confined "thirteen males and sixteen females , the violent and the quiet , the dirty and the clean , shut up together : only one small 3 &id , and when the one sex was in it , tte other , shut np in the day-room of the males ; five restrained by leg-locks , and two wearing in addition iron hsnd--cuffs and fetters from the wrist 10 the ancle—all
tranquil ; out they would otherwise escape . Chains fastened to the floor in many places , and to many Of the bedstead ^—the males throughout the house slept two in a bed . " From Weekenton , near Gateshead , they heard , that ** Chains were attached to the fUor in several places , and that it was the practice to chain patients by the leg upon their first admission , in order , as it was said , to see what they would do . The beiding was described as filthy , ihe cell cffraisive—al ~ o the sleeping-room . This house was Improved by visitation , but was still unfit for patients . " The licensed house at Derby was described as "damp and unhealthy , and the bedding in a disgusting condition from running sorea . " The asylum at Lainston , in Hants , contained
** Seven female paupers in chains—those Beven and three others being chained to their . beds at night ; fee usual accompaniments of dirt and ill-clothing . " Of Engsdown-houce , at Box , the same details w . re given . The House at Plympton , in Devonshire , was thns spoken of : — " In cue of the cells in the npper court for the women , the dimensions ef which were 8 feet by 4 , and in which there was no table , and only two wooden Eeais fastened to the wall , we found three females coiifined . There was no glazing to the window , and the floor of this place was perfectly wet with nrine . The two dark cells which adjoin the cell used for a day-room are tbe sleeping places for these three unfertunate beings , —two of them sleep in two cribs in one cell . The Root in
the cell with the two cribs was actually reeking with wet wrine , and covered with straw and filth ; and one crib had a piece of eld carpet by way of bedding , besides the straw , but the other appeared to have had nothing but straw , without any oiher bedding , in the otaer cell , tne patient who had slept in it had broken her crib to pieces , and a part of it was remaining in the . cell ; bat tbe straw was heaped up in one earner , and , as far as we could rely upon what was said , she had slept upon the straw upon the gronnd at least one night ; the Btraw itselfwas most filthy , the floor was perfectly wet with nrine , and part of the straw had been stuck to the wall in patches with excrement . It most be added , that these two cells , and one other
adjoining to it , have no window , and no place for li ght or air , except a grate over the doors , which open into a passage . The persons of these three unfortunate women were extremely dirty , and the condition in which we found them and their cells was truly sickening and shocking . Adjoinining to the two Eleeping cells of these women , and openiiig into the same passage , was a third cell , which was occupied as a sleeping place by a male criminal , of very dangerons habits , and an idiotic boy ; this cell was dirty and offensive , and ihe floor of it wet with orine , but it was not in bo filthy a &tate as ' the other two . The criminal was fastened at night to his bed with a chain . We strongly objected to these men being confined in a cell closely adjoining to the
females . The whole of these celb were as damp and dark as an underground cellar , and were in such a foul and disgusting state that it was ecarcely possible to endure the offensive snelL We sent for a candle andlantem to enable us to-examine them . " He was glad to state that this place had been improved—{ bear , hear ) . Of the House cf Industry , Kingsland , near Shrewsbury , they were told that ° 11 contained frem eighty to ninety insane persons . They were nearly all fastened to their beds by chains to the wrists . In tbe Union-house , Bedrath , in Cornwall , it seemed that there were " forty-one insane persons , Beveral violent , and requiring restraint . " In the workhouse at Bath there were "twenty-one insane " At Leicester thirty insane
perpersons . , sons—namely , eleven males and nineteen females , 01 whom three males and nine females were dangerons . ' However terr ible it might seem , these facts were related of Union workhouses . HeTvas about to read the report of ihe workhouse at Birmingham , in yrhich tbe report said , "There were seventy-one insane persons ; amongst them an unusual proportion of epileptics , namely , eleven males and sixteen female * . Several of these were idiots , others were object , after their paroxyims of epilepsy , to fi t * of wring madness or epileptic fnror , dnrisg whioh they vren stated to be excessively violent . Beeidei
tkMt , there wert several patints who ' were oeea-Konally under great excitement and furiously Raniseal ; two of the feaaalei had strong suicidal prorosuief , and one of them had attempted suicide . " - There ib no class of persons , * continued the " report , * jaor * dangerous than are these epileptics , who are ¦ abject to attacks of epileptic furor or delirium . It is well known that many fearful homieides hare been perpetrated by persons afiicted with this form of menial disease" —( bear , hear ) . It was felt that < wn asylums were becoming more and more every year mere hospitals for incurable lnnaties , and tfiat we were only daily adding to the
Untitled Article
number of tho 3 e who were dcosned to pass their lives therein . On tbe Isi of January there were confined in the different asylams and licensed bouses 7 , 344 patients , of whom only 1 . 458 were curable . The Teport said— " The county asylum ( Hanwell ) is nearly filled with incurable lunatics , and almost all the recent cases are practically excluded from it . When we visited it in March last there were 984 patients , of whom onl y 30 were reported curable , and there were 429 patients belonging to tha county out of the asylum . . . . who if they wait for the rota before they are admitted will probably have become incurable , and will be lunatic annuitants upon the county or their parishes . Lancaster asylnm contains 600 patients , of whom 546 . are
considered incurable , and there are more than 500 pauper lunatics in the county for whom it has no accommodation . " And again : ** Surrey asylum , opened in 1841 ; on the 1 st of January , 1844 , number m asylnm 382 are reported incurable ; there are belonging to the county of Surrey 551 pauper lunatics . " Now , this was a most costly system . AU the medical men were of opinion that the pauper lunatics were generally sent to the asylums too late to be recovered . M In the asylums of Lincoln , Leicester , Nottingham , and Northampton , " said the report , ** the superintendents and . visiting physicians expressed their unanimous opinion that pauper lanatica are eent there at so late a period of their disease as to impede or prevent their ultimate recovery . ' * There
were opinions to the same effect from almost every connty lunatic asylum . Chester county asylum , they said , might be taken as a sample . " Paupers are brought in there in a very bad state , in filth and rags , and , from too long delay , in a state where there is little or no chance of cure . " How , let them observe the benefit of early attendance . At tbe Retreat at York , and at the asylams at Lincoln , Northampton , Lancaster , and Middlesex , and in the West Biding , registers were kept of cures effected on patients admitted within three months of their first attack . The Noble Lord named several other places where under the like system the same happy result had followed . He believed that one reason , and it was a very predominating reason ,
why pauper lunatics were not sent to the county lunatic asylums the moment they were discovered to be labouring under an affection of the mind , waa that the medical or other authorities at the workhouse did not understand , or were not fully alive to , the extreme importance which attached to an immediate curative treatment being applied to such persons . Another reason was , that there was not sufficient space in the county asylums to accommodate such a confluence of patients ; and a third reason was that it was far more economical to retain a pauper lunatic in tbe workhouse than to send him to the county asylum , the propoxtioa being as 3 s 6 d to Is a-week , the latter being the minimum at which any lunatic was Eupponed in any c # unty asylum . The report
on the Wakefield asylum sufficiently showed this . He would dow approach the subjeoi of insanity in Wales , where he found ty the Poor Law return of 1843 there were 1 , 177 pauper lunatics . These were distributed in the following manner : —in English county asylams there were 36 ; in English licensed houses , 41 ; in union workhouses , 90 ; and there «* i re boarded with theirfriends , and relatives , and elsewhere , 1 , 010 . The report of the commissioners relative to North Wales stated , that many of tbe Welsh lunatics who had been confined in the English asylums had been very violent , and had been sent to them in a wretched and most neglected condition . But , whilst on this head , he must , in justice , observe , that there was not much
distinction to be drawn between the treatment and condition of lunatic paupers in North and South Wales , and he could give an instance of this fact in a letter from one of the commissioners now on visitation in the latt « r district : — We have met , " said this gentleman , " with one case which we think most atrocious . A . B . was sent to the Hereford Asylum from near Brecon on the 28 th of November , 1843 : she died on the 30 th of January ; Bhe was in such a shocking state that the proprietor wished not to admit her . She had been kept chained in tbe house of a married daughter : from being long chained in a crouching poBture , her knees were forced up to her chin , and she sat wholly upon her heels and her hips , and considerable excoriation had taken place where her
knees pressed upon her stomach . She could move about , and was generally maniacal . When Bhe died , it required very considerable dissection to get her pressed into her ctffin I" He now approached the consideration of the criminal lunatics under confinement , of whom tbe number in April , 1843 , was 257 , distributed in the following manner : —In gaols , 33 ; in Bethlehem Hospital , 85 ; and in various asylums , IS * . With respect tu those criminals who were confined in the hospital of Bethlehem and in the asylums , he would put it to the house whether it was not an improper and unnecessary aggravation of their miseries towards the other lunatics to subject them to confinement in the same place , and DDner tbe same regulations as criminal lunatics , some of whom had committed the most atrocious crimes—such as murder . He assured the House it
was felt by such lunatics to be a serious hardship that they should have to associate with tbe ? e persons : the regulations also which were enforced in tho 5 e placeB where criminals were confined were more eevtre than elsewhere , and their severity was felt by all the lunatics alike . They were likewise debarred from much indulgence which , under other circumstances , their melancholy sitnation would have procured for them . He was Eorry to say , with reference to the power of supervision , which was exercised by the visiting magistrates , generally , over private lunatic asylums , that this duty was very shamefnlly neglected . He considered that the means of providing a speedy and effectual remedy for the miseries which surrounded
the poor wretched outcasts whose cause he had undertaken were a subject worthy of the deepest oommiseration and closest examination—( hear ) . Tbe House had it in their power to prevent the recurrence of many of the evils which now existed ; they might Eoothe the wretched days of the unhappy lunatic ; they might in many cases restore him to his frienda and to society , for he hoped he had said enough to prove that people ought not to run away with the idea that when a man became mad he was hopelessly po , and that it was asele&s to resort to remedial measures . On the contrary , the feelings of lunatics were painfully alive to the cireumstances by which t&ey were surrounded ; and he had seen persons in that unhappy predicament writhing under tbe hardships to which they were subjected , whilst , on the other hand , a kind word or soothing gesture would excite them to tenderness and joy . Indeed ,
he had often questioned , wbon reflecting upon the condition of lunatics , whether the All-Merciful Dispenser oi Good upon earth had not given some mental enjoyments to persons in this condition , which compensated to them for the absence or privations of those pleasures which are enjoyed by those not so sfBieied ( hear , hear ) . He hoped the honse would excuse him for having occupied so much time ( hear hear ) in the details into which he had entered , but when it was recollected that he -had pleaded the cause of the most afflicted portion of the human race , he was convinced he should not be considered to have trespassed too largely upon their patience ( hear , hear ) . The noble lord concluded by moving for an address to the Crown , prayiug Her Majesty to take into her consideration the report of the Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy to tbe Lord Chancellor , and presented to this house by command of Her Majesty .
Sir James Gbaham said , that he was quite certain he was giving expression not only to bis own sentiments and those of the House , but also to the sentiments of the whole country , when he declared that his Noble Friend , so far from standing in need of ah excuse for the statement which he had juBt made , ¦ waB entitled to the earnest thanks ef all hiB countrymen , for his indefatigable endeavours , and the constancy he had displayed in pointing the public attention to the subject of his motion—( hear ) . Although sensations of pity and commiseration conld not but take possession of those who n fleeted upon the condition of a lunatic , yet the degrading associations , and the wretchedness by which that condition was characterised , too often induced the most
philanthropic individual to turn his head away from so humiliating and fearful a spectacle , and to entrust the alleviation of that misery to those who were ¦ willing , from other motives , to undertake it . His Noble Friend had , however , if proof of the readiness of some to step forward in such a cause were wanting , afforded a s ; riking example of benevolence successfully exerted , and the example he had set was invaluable . The Act by which the present treatment and supervision of pauper and other lunaticB was re £ ulat « d expired , as his Noble Friend had justly stated , in the course of the following year , and he ( Sir James Graham ) was ready to admit the Decesaty which existed for bringing the subject under the consideration of Parliament . He had understood
his Noble Friend to admit that a very considerable improvement had taken plaoe in tbe treatment and cure of lunatics , and that the means of coercion formerly resorted to were nearly , if not altogether abandoned . With respect to what his Noble Friend had said generally as to the course which it waB expedient hereafter to pursne , he begged to say , there was no difference between bis views , and those entertained by the Government as to the leading points . In tbe first place he ( Sir J . Graham ) did not deny the importance of an immediate resort being had to curative measures on the primary symptoms of lunacy making their appearance . In the next place , he considered that it was highly expedient to
separate the Innauo patients confined in public institutions , and t » place those who were hopelessly insane , and consequently incurable , in a totally distinct part of th » building , so that they could not iiftaeiee those who were undergoing a curative trettttent . He agreed in the opinion expressed by his Noble Friend , and . promulgated in the report of the commissioners , that in the great majority of the existing lunatic asylums the progress of caw was greatly impeded by the number of incurable lunatics confined with those not so hopelessly circumstanced . He was likewise convinced of the necessity for taking the state of tbe pauper lunaiiOB throughout the kingdom into consideration at an early perio of
Untitled Article
next session . And with respeot to the dangerous lunatics who were now , according to the statements referred to by hte Noble Friend , abut np in workhouses and other places where they ought not to be confined , he admitted that this subject mn . Bt be taken into consideration with a view to their removal tosome more appropriate place of constraint . The construction of the law was extremely doubtful upon this point ; but , whatever the law might be , be had no manner of doubt that whether the subject were regarded in relation to the possibility of a cure , or to the certainty of a confirmed case of lunacy ; in neither case was a workhouse a fit receptacle for 6 uch persons , whether they were dangerous lunatics or not ; and he therefore was of opinion that the time was not far distant when some effectual means for remedying this evil would be
devised , and that the Executive would take into consideration the means of providing places to which the cases of incipient lunacy might be removed at once , to the end that remedial treatment would be applied , and for providing distinct asylums for the lunatioB , where they would be entirely separated from those who were curable . He trusted his Noble Friend would not press his motion for an address to Her Majesty , as it would tend to raise expectations that could not possibly be realized . The Government was prepared to co-operate with his Noble Friend , and to aid him in realizing those views of enlightened philanthropy which he had so well explained , and he himself joined his Noble Friend in the benevolent intentions not to let this matter slumber , but to earfy out those ameliorations whioh the state of the case required . He therefore hoped his Noble Friend would not press his motion .
Mr . Shiel hoped the Government would be prepared to extend the contemplated benefit to Ireland . He concurred entirely in what thw Right Hon . Gentleman had said with respect to the conduct of the Noble Lord . It was a common phrase to say , " It does oae good to see you ; " and in this instance it was impossible to deny that it did one good to see the Noble : Lord exerting himself in this benevolent work—( cheers ) . There was a sort © f "ctrcum corda" about his labours—( cheers ) , sod whatever
difference of opinion they might entertain on some of his crotchets , on one point they all concurred , —' that he was worthy of the highest prime , for whioh he was actuated , and the sentiments by which he was inspired —( hear , hear ) . It was more than gratifying to see a man of bis high rank , not descending , but stooping down from his position—not permitting himself to be lowered by the pursuits of pleasure or ambition , but seeking the nobler gratification of doing good , and the virtuous celebrity with which his labours were rewarded . He had added a
new nobility to the name of Ashley , and bad made humanity one of the Shaftesbury characteristics—( cheers ) . Mr . Waklet hoped that , after the speech of tbe right hou . gentleman the Secretary for the Home Department , the noble lord would not press his motion . A debt of gratitude was due to the commissioners for the labour they had bestowed on this most important question—( hear ) . In Borne points be disagreed with them , * but on the whole he thought they had laboured with great assiduity , and hid brought before the house some very important details . There was now such a mass of materials as would enable the bouse to legislate upon tbe subject without further inquiry . The right hon . gentleman
had told them that he was prepared to legislate , and he ( Mr . Wakley ) rejoiced to hear it , because he was convinced from the declarations the ri ^ bt hon . gentleman had made in his address to the house , that he would legislate practically and usefully on this important question . The subject of insanity bad engaged the attention of the Legislature for many years , and it was evident , both from the statement of the noble lord and the report , that improvements bad been made within a very limited period—in fact , the amount of improvement in reference to the humane part of tbe question was immense ; in the scientific part the advance had not been so rapid as it ought to have been . The right hon . gentleman seemed to be f ally persuaded by the statemont of tbe
noble lord and from having read the report , that it was absolutely necessary that two different courses should be adopted with reference to curable and incurable lunatics . In fact , one of the most important features in the whole subject was that difference of treatment . It was a lamentable fact that the asylums in England , from one end of the kingdom to the other , were crowded with incurable patients . The Noble Lord had particularly dwelt , and so did the Right Hon . Gentleman , on the necessity of early attention to those cases , and if they lost sight of that great fact—if their minds were not impressed with the necessity of attending to them at the earliest possible period , they would never adequately understand the subject , or adequately apply the means which science afforded for the relief of these afflicted persons . It was not within the first three months , nor the first three weeks ; but within the first three days , if tbey could digoover that insanity
existed , that remedies should be applied . There were some peculiar features about insanity which had not come before the commissioners , but whioh frequently came before him in his official capacity as coroner . In this county he had had 24 suicides before him in twelve days—not one having oommitted suicide in a public or private institution , and in a gr at majority of them insanity had been entirely unobserved by the whole of their relations and friends ; and in fact at the inquest , in the most searching investigations , in the majority of these cases not a single symptom of insanity bad shown itself . But what did they find ? The relatives of the suicides were generally called before them . They were asked , " Did you observe nothing particular in your relative 1 " ** No , " was the answer ; " nothing extraordinary—nothing out of the way . " "Didhe do nothing oddor strange , something he never did before , to attract your attention ? " " No . " " Was there anything new » r peculiar in his habits ! " — 11
" No . " " Did he complain of no ailment ^—No , nothing in particular . " M Did he apply to a medical man !"— " No . " " Did he complain of no ailment whatever ?"— " Only a little uneasiness in his head . " That v < as the answer he found almost invariably given in these cases . " In what part of the head did he feel tbe pain !"— " He paid he felt uneasiness in hia head—a pain in his forehead ; " but yet it was not enough to induce him to go to a medical map , or for his friends to make him apply to one . In almost all these cases he found that the symptoms were pain and uneasiness in tbe head . The poor head was the last part of the whole body that was attended to . If a man hurt his foot his family sent him to the doctor , because be might be prevented
from attending to bis work and supporting his family ; but not so with the head . If one poor man asked another " How ' s the old woman ! " the answer frequently was , " Oh , she's nothing very bad ; she ' s only got the headache . " If their horses or cows were bad , they , would be sending fora surgeon , but in theiT family they thought so litttle of head affections , that application to a medical man was delayed for weeks and months together uctil tbe mischief was established , and insanity made its appearance . Now , he was satisfied that tbe system whioh the Noble Lord had hinted at— -the establishment of in-Bthutions for the treatment of insanity as soon as it manifested itself—would not only be a work 6 t humanity but of economy too , and he was thoroughly
persuaded by experience that they would no : have , in the course of years even , with an increased population , more than two-thirds of the number of lunatics they had now—( hear , hear ) . That was his firm conviction , and he believed that medical men wore beginning to be impressed with tbe same conviction , because now it was perfectly well known that insanity never existed without some organic aff&ctiou of the human body—that the mind never became deranged or disordered in its functions but from some derangement in the structure of the human frame ; so that every person aware of that fact would feel how necessary it was to apply remedial means in the beginning of an attack . In general there waB an inflammatory attack goiug on ,
requiring to be treated and subdued , and when sub ; dued , the derangement disappeared . He must expreBS his regret at the manner in which the " restraint" and " non-restraint" system were referred 10 in the report , A part of it had a very strong leaning in favour of the restraint Bystem , but it could not have been written by the Noble Lord , for he had spoken as strongly in favour of the mild system as could be , and had told the house what effects be had seen where that system was adopted towards 582 patient ^ The report said " The advocates of these two systems , to which we have called your lordship ' s attention , appear to have been actuated by a common desire to improve the condition of the insane . " That pers ns who chained them down—who
confined them- —placed them in cells—should be actuated by the Bame desire as those who adopted a milder system , and from which treatment such happy results followed , was strange indeed . But , said the report—* ' Those who employ , as well as those who do not employ mechanical restraint , adopt an equally mild and conciliatory method of managing their patients . " The deuce they did ( a laugh ) ; it was the oddest in the world , bo that a man who whipped his child every morning before breakfast adopted just as mild a system ot treatment as the fattier who endeavoured to admonish bis child into the path of duty and happiness . He thought , therefore , that the report bad not been drawn up with that care whioh the case required . He thought , too , that there almost lurked about it something of a
sneer at the Hanwell Lunatic Asylum . What did he find at page 147 ! One of the moat curious things ho ever saw . It was not a fit subject to be discussed in that House , bat the seatanoo ought not to have b « en then . This was a very grave subject , and they who wished to get rid of trouble , and to carry on aa asylum at the least possible expenoe , knew very well that chains , ropes , gloves , strait waistcoats , and bonds were not so expensive as rational and humane and kind attendance , and , consequently , they were inclined to practices of that sort , and turned them at once to the disadvantage of the patient , if care were not taken . He would ask the Noble Lord and the Right Hon . Gentleman whether they considered it tight and justifiable that a great number of persons should be confined in this country by their relations in houses not
Untitled Article
lioensod , or not subjected to any superintendence , or to any supervision , or to any visitation whatever from any person \ Now , the Lunacy Commissioners had the power , if they went into a town with 100 , 000 inhabitants , where only two persons were confined in any house , being a licensed house , to visit that house ; but if in the same town there were 100 persons confined singly , they had not the opportunity of going into any one of those houses in which these unhappy beings Were incarcerated , for the purpose of seeing how they were treated by their most affectionate relations—( a laugh ) . The fact waa , that individuals- were confined for the purpose
of some relations seizing their property . Persons Were employed , With a very large salary , as keepers i and , unfortunately , those persons had an object in the patient ' s remaining lunatic , sad in not being cured . He knew nothing more objectionable or more inhuman ; and if any measure were brought in on the subject of lunacy it would be a most serious deficiency if it did not touoh that part of the question . Lord Eliot Baid , thai a provision for lunatics in Ireland was under tbe consideration of Government . . Several other members took advantage of a very thin House to keep up the discussion somewhat longer , and then Lord Ashley withdrew his motion .
TROOPS SENT TO GUERNSEY . Mr . T . Duncombe rose to move for copies of all despatches and correspondence that have passed between the Government and the Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey , from the 1 st day of April to the present time . He did not move for any papers relating to any pending judicial investigation ; but after what had occurred in tbe Channel Islands , he thought something ought to be done to satisfy the people of Guernsey as well as that House and the country . What they complained of was , that in the month of May last , to their astonishment and surprise , military reinforcements were landed on their shores ; there were 600 men landed , with ammunition and stores ; and well might the inhabitants be surprised
—for if there ever were a quiet , well affected , and loyal population , it was the inhabitants of Guernsey and the adjacent Islands . That force has since been withdrawn ; and if the public prints were to be believed , the Government , to whom he imputed no blame , had received unfounded reports from the Lieutenant-Governor or from some one else ; and had discovered that they had been greatly imposed upon and hoaxed in sending this large force to this peaceable island . It appeared that the Rev . Mr . Dobree bad made representations to the Lieutenant Governor , stating that a native named Moulain had died at Mr . Dobree ' s house , having on hiB death bed disclosed a conspiracy against the life of the Lieutenant-Governor : and in consequence of tbe
latter ' s representations the force had been despatched The Lieutenant-Governor had ordered a postmortem examination of the body of Moulain to be made , and it turned out that there was not the slightest suspicion of his having been poisoned . He believed that the Royal Court had sat a number of days , and had examined the Rev . Mr . Dobree , who repeated the charges of Moulain , and said that be had received communications from other parties , but would not state their names . The consequence was , that he was committed for contempt , and his case reported to the Home Government : he had remained in prison some time , but had since been liberated , the Home Government not wishing to interfere . But though the troops bad been withdrawn , there was
a charge of sedition preferred against three individuals , who had Bince been tried at the instance of the Crown , and had been most honourably acquitted , there not being the slightest foundation for the charges made by Mr . Dobree chiefly , and by one or two other persons . Mr . Dobree had niuce been proved to be a person totally unworthy ef credit , and the ; Queen ' s Procureur had himself expressed surprise at the evidence given in contradiction of his statement , but declared it to be bo respectable that he would not doubt it . The consequence was , that the prisoners who were tried separately had each been acquitted . Considerable excitement had prevailed in the island in consequence of the alleged conspiraoy , and the whole island had met to address the . Queen , breathing the greatest loyalty and attachment . The militia also of the island had felt greatly aggrieved . It appeared that it had always been the custom of the militia of tbe island to
celebrate her Majesty ' s birthday with the regular troops ; but in consequence of the communication of Mr . Dobree , tho militia had not been allowed to assist in that celebration with the regular forces , because it was given out that the assassination of tbe Lieutenant-Governor was to have taken place on that occasion . He thought there was something due to tho inhabitants to have gome satisfaction by the production of the papers , or the Right Hon . Baronet should honestly declare his opinion that there was not any suspicion attaching to any inhabitant . It was the duty of the House of Commons to require the production of the papers , because of the great expenee whioh had been incurred , and which must come out of the army estimates ; and , at all events , he thought it was due to a body of men who were among tbe most peaceable and loyal in her Majesty ' s dominions , to have 6 ome information from the Government by the production of the documents , or to have a statement that they were free from all imputation .
Sir James Graham who was frequently inaudible in the gallery , said it was true that he had asked the Honourable Gentleman to postpone his motion ; but on the part of the Crown it was necessary that be should exercise some discretion with reference to tho production of the papers which the Hon . Gentleman had moved for . No one could regret more deeply than be did the misunderstanding which had arisen in one of the Channel Islands between the governor and a portion of tbe inhabitants . He had stated on moro than one oooasion , what he now would with great satisfaction repeat , namely , that with respeot to the loyalty and attachment of the great body of the inhabitants of Guernsey , there could be no doubt—no auspioion whatever could be
cast upon them . Nevertheless there was reason to believe , and he still did believe , that a plot was formed against the life of the Lieutenant-Governor , and he believed that it was intended to carry that plot into execution on the birth-day of her Majesty , when the militia would be assembled . The House was aware of the general character of the Lieuten - ant-Governor of that island ; he was amongst ( he moht distinguished military men in the service of her Majesty—a man of strong nerve and firm mind , who was not likely on slight grounds to apprehend danger ; and yet that gentleman had informed him about ten days before the birth-day of her Majesty waa to : have been celebrated , that the wicked intention to which allusion
had been made was formed , and was to be carried into execution on that particular day . The militia were consequently prohibited from assembling , and an additional force sent to the island ; and the Government also sent a confidential legal adviser to collect evidence . The gentleman to whom had been confided that trust waa a gentleman of strict integrity , and considerable legal knowledge , aud , from the evidence which had been obtained , he ( Sir J . Graham ) again repeated the solemn statement , that he did believe such a plot existed—( hear , hear ) . A person worthy of credit first gave information of the existence of that plot , and the particular day on which it was to be carried into execution . He feared thai further legal proceedings must arise out of this transaction ; questions were still pending intimately
connected with those matters . He repeated that he had no suspicion of the loyalty of the island generally , but there existed against the Lieutenant-Go vsr nor in certain quarters the most bitter ard implacable animosity . There was nothing to impugn his impartial conduct . He was bound to say that at the present moment questions were pending in immediate connection with the administration of justice , and it would be therefore in the highest degree inexpedient that he should grant the correspondence moved for by the Honourable Gentleman . Having given a explanation which he hoped would be satisfactory to him , he hoped Kb would not press his motion ; if , however , the Honourable Gentleman : did so , ho should feel it his duty to resist it—( hear , hear ) .
Mr . Duncombe said that as the Right Honourable Baronet said that further proceedings would be instituted with reference to this tubject , it would be most improper for him to press his motion for the production of the papers . But he must be allowed to say , at the Bame time , that he could not help thinking that tho declaration made by the Right Honourable Baronet would cause great grief and disappointment in the island . He did not believe that there was a single individual in that island , notwithstanding what the Right Honourable Burotmd said , upon whom he could place his finger and say that he was a disloyal subject —( hear , hear ) . It all turned upon this : did the Right Honourable Baronet and the Lieutenant-Goveriior place the
least credit on the statement made by the Rev . Mr . Dobreo ! Did they place confidence in the evidence of a man who at the Royal Court tho other day , it was well known , perjured himself ? It was well known in the island , that this Rev . Mr . Dobree was more fit to be in one of the asylums whioh they had been speaking about that evening , than he was for the church . He sometimes fancied , not only that persons were going to shoot the LieuteDant-Governor , but that they were going to shoot himself . They had only his word , and that of Mr . Moulin , andhe believed they would not find one person in the island who
would give credit to the fact . Sometimes this Mr . Dobree , when he fancied that he was going to be shot at himself , Bailed down the windows , and haviag wrapped the union jack around hia pulpit , Bat in it , and fancied himself under the protection of the British flig—( a laugh ) . And yet upon the statement of such a man , which ho said had been given him by a person who was dead , two thousand of the loyal militia of the island were not allowed to assist inthe celebration of her Majesty ' s birthday . He did not believe that there was tho least foundation for any of the charges whioh had been made .
Sir J . Gbaham said the Hon . Gentleman assumed that the charge reated on the statement of one gentleman only ; but it was not so , for it rested , in the
Untitled Article
first instance , '! on the deliberate opinion of the Lieutenant Governor himself , and General Napier was a man of as sane and strong a mind as coulti exist . It rested on evidence first given to the Lieutenant-Governor , whioh had since been sifted by Mr . Daniel , and he ( Sir James Graham ) would again repeat that he believed that such a plot existed—( hear ) . : After a few words from Mr . Hume , whioh were inaudible , \ Mr . Aglionby said he regretted that the discussion of tbe subject before the House had called forth the statements made by the Right Honourable Bart .
and those which had also been , made on his ( Mr . ARlkraby ' p ) side of the Honse . The exparte statements made on either side were most unsatisfactory ; bat he hoped it would turn out that the Right Hon . Baronet was under a misconception aa to the conspiracy . It was of importance that every step should be taken to expedite the proceedings which the Right Honourable Baronet had referred to aB still pending ( hear , hear ) . Sir J . Gbaham said that any proceedings directly affecting the parties implicated would not take place in the island ; but he repeated that proceedings arising out of this conspiracy were still pending . The motion was then withdrawn .
Dr , Bowbing called the attention of the House to the defective state of the quarantine laws , and the necessity land security of great modifications therein . j Mr . Gladstone said that the majority of opinions still inolined to the doctrine that the plague was communicated I by contagion ; and , therefore , it would not be prudent or practicable to attempt to precede the feelings and prejudices of other countries as well as those of our own . But our quarantine regulations had been considerably relaxed ; and were far less restrictive than those of France or Austria . The Government , however , bad invited these two powers to a congress , in order that some general understanding j might be come to on the subject . Both had assented , though the locality for the congress was not yet named ; and Austria had suggested a preliminary medical inquiry . He was sanguine , however , that before the next session of Parliament the Government would be able to
communicate the result , in the shape of an inter-national reform of the whole system of quarantine . Mr . Wawn moved for a statement of the equivalent advantages , if auy , which have been granted to British navigation by the Russian Government , in consideration of the exemptions conceded by our Government to Russian ships , by the treaty of the lithof January , 1843 . Mr . Gladstone cautioned our shipowners against too ourious a scrutiny of the mutual privileges enjoyed by our commerce , as compared with those we conceded . But Russia did grant us equivalents . By the treaty of 1843 , British ships coming from a third country-rBay Brazil , were guaranteed by Russia an equality of treatment , as if they came direot from our own ports—a privilege not conceded by as to Russian commerce . He did not believe that any case of grievance had occurred , and he abstained from entering into the general question of the treaty . j
A few remarks were made by Mr . Him and Mr , Hume , and the eubjeot dropped , Mr . Wawn withdrawing his motion . Mr . Ross moved an address to the Crown , praying that Her Majesty would remove from the Commission of the Peace in Ireland a gentleman named O'DrtscoU , about the merits of whose case the public have lately heard much . He stated the circumstances as they have before been detailed—the acts of violence done to several poor people , his removal from the magistracy on the ostensible ground of ill health , and his ultimate restoration in consequence of a requisition from the noblemen , gentlemen , and
tenantry of his neighbourhood . If he waa a fit man to be a magistrate , why was he removed ? If unfit , why was he reinstated ! These were not the times to tamper with the adminstration of justice amongst a people already sufficiently alienated . Mr . Dillon Browne seconded the motion . He had been removed from the commission of the peace for attending repeal meetings . Suppose he assigned ill health , and got up a certificate of convalescence , would the Government restore him 1 That House , & 9 an assembly of English gentlemen , and incapable of practices unworthy of gentlemen with their equals , far less their inferiors , would always * listen to a grievance and rectify a wrong .
Lord Eliot was glad to hear such an estimate of the House of Commons , which came with a peculiar grace from a member holding opinions friendly to repeal . He waB no apologist of Mr . O'Driseo )] , whose conduct , however , though indefensible , had been much exaggerated . He read the memorial , praying for the : restoration of Mr . O'Driscoll , signed by 2 , 900 individuals , in which his character was highly eulogised . Though not connected with wealthy or influential families , he was of ancient and honourable descent , and had for thirty years acted as a magistrate , a landlord , and a neighbour , without any previous staiu on his character ; and the jord Chancellor , actuated by no corrupt motive , and believing that the indiscreet and violent conduct which had fed him to remove Mr . O'Driscoll had originated from the infirmity and irritable temper engendered by ill ! health , restored him , with an expression of his feeling that no further cause of complaint would arise .
Mr . More O'Ferball took the case of . Mr . O'Driscoll as an ^ illustration of the cause of illegal combinations , into which the peasantry were driven from a conviction that law and justioe weie not to be obtained . The memorial stated that , " though a Roman Catholio , " Mr . O'Driscoll was so and bo . He expressed his scorn for the Roman Catholio who could bo truckle to dominant prejudices and passions . Sir J . Gbaham contended that ill-health had been the main cause of removal , though there were other circumstances also , circumstances of blame to Mr . O'Driscoll , which had bad their influence with the Chancellor of Ireland . There had been no political solicitation er consideration , either on the removal or on the reinstatement of that gentleman . The Chancellor ' s determination had been a strictly judicious one ; and no Chancellor ' s judicial character had been more justly esteemed . To him might be appropriately applied the lines of the
poet" In Israel ' s courts ne ' er sate an Abathdin With mora discerning eyes , or bands more clean , TJnbribed , unsought , the wretched to redress , Swift of despatch , and easy ot access . " The vote now asked for would be nothing Ies 9 than a vote of censure upon that highly deserving judge . ¦ s Mr . Shell asked if the Lord Chancellor of Ireland had acted not politically , but judioslly , in dismissing Repeal Magistrates ! A man who bad spent twenty years in Linolon ' s inn had a political horizon as narrow aa that of the domicile of a conveyancer and special pleader ; and , transferred to the stormy sea of Ireland , his political conduct was not guided by large beacons , but by what lawyers call the scintilla juris . Political motives could hardly have been
omitted , when Mr . O'Driscoll put forward his Conservatism , in conjunction with the fact that he had been offered ) the county representation on Liberal principles , by the Catholic Bishop who held the keys of the county , as well as of St . Peter . Dwelling Btron&lyion the facts of the caee , especially what Mr . O'Driscpll himself had termed " flogging a poaching urchin / ' criticising the memorial , which was not signed by ; the Catholic bishop or the priesthood , or by those among whom Justice was to be administered , he contended , with great force aud vehemence , that the restoration of Mr . O'DriscoH by thoBo who affected so much teal for the pure administration of justice , shook all confidence in it in the minds of the peasantry .
After a few observations from Mr . Bellew , and from Mr . Ross in reply , the House divided , when there appeared— 1 For the motion .. 59 Against it . ; 92 ! Majority —33
Wednesday , July 24 . The Turnpike Trusts ( Wales ) went through Committee . I Mr . Hume said ; that after he had left the House last night a resolution had been come to that the report on the Customs Frauds should be printed for the use of Members only . He should like to know what waa the meaning of those words for the use of Members only . J . Sir J . Graham Baid it was thought more expedient by the Hoube that the report should be printed for the use of Members only . Mr . Hume said it was altogether novel . Sir J . GBAHAM-rlt was by no means novel , for many petitions had been printed for the use of Members only . I
Mr . Duncombe said he bad altered the motion he made last night , for the publication of the evidence , at the suggestion ojfthe Chancellor of the Exchequer , though he stated at the time that it was a most absurd proposition . Suppose the report were lying on hia ( Mr . Duncombe ' e ) table , and a gentleman should take hold of this blue book , was he to say , " Don't touch that ; it is for the use of Members only ; if you do , I shall [ call a policeman . " - —( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) The public would be much
disappointed at the determination which the House had come to last night , and he hoped the Government would reconsider the resolution and do as it had done on a former occasion , induce the House to rescind it . —( Loud laughter . ) Suppose the newspapers should publish any portion of this evidence . He supposed they would be liable to an action ; but if he ( Mr . Duncombe ) were to publish it , he wanted to know if he would be liable to an action for libel . ( An Hon . Member— " Yes . " ) Then whatkwas the use of the publication ! i
After a few words from Lord Stanley , and SirC . Napier , the conversation dropped . On the order of the day for the second reading of the Horse Slaughtering Bill , Mr . T . Duncombe objected to the Bill that it gave too much additional power to the police , Mr . Cowpeb . defended the Bill , and recited several cruel praouoes eaid to take place in the knaokers ' yards . j
Untitled Article
Mr . Mackinson was in favour of the Bill , whioh was supported by the Society for the Prevention 6 ! Cruelty to Animals . Many' of the Hon . Member for Finsbury ' s constituents belonged to that Society , and be would find it better to have their support than to curry favour with the keepers of knackers' yards . If the Hon . Member was fond of sausages he might ran the risk ot fisying horse sausages . Mr . T . DvncOvbs said that it the Hon . Member thought he was a batter judge of the interests of hia constituents than himself , he had better offer hia services to them —( a laugh)—but aa long as they did him the honour to entrust their interests in bis hands
. he must be permitted to judge for himself It WES admitted at last that thia Bill waa an emanationfrom the Society for the Suppression of Cruelty to Animalg . and on that ground he objected to itr- ( kear ) . There were many of those Societies in this town which employed themselves in meddling with everybody ' s business but their own—( cheers and laughter ) ;—and it would be better if they attended to their own business—( a laugh ) . ThiB was a piece of pettifogging vexatious legislation , like the Lap Dog Committee , and he should more that the Chairman report progress , and ask leave to sit again when the Committee ' s reports should be presented . ~
After some further observations from several Hon . Members , the Committee divided , when there appeared— For the motion ..... 11 Against it 104 Majority against the motion ... 93 The House then went into Committee on the Bill . On tbe report of the Poor Law Amendment Bill being brought up , Mr . P . Bobthwick moved the introduction of four clauses , the object of which was to allow husband and wife above sixty years of age to reside together in the workhouse , and to provide that ohildren under Beven years of age shall not be separated from their mothers .
Sir James Gbaham resisted the amendment , on the ground that the law provided paupers above sixty with out-door relief , and that there was already an order of the Poor Law Commissioners , sanctioned by the Secretary of State , that ohildren under seven years of age should not be separated from their mothers . After considerable discussion , tbe amendments were rejected . The House adjourned at one o ' clock . Thursday , Juli 25 . Sir J . Gbaham moved the further consideration of the Poor Law Amendment Bill . Additional clauses were proposed by Sir C . Napier , Colonel Sibthorp , Mr . Vernon Smith , and Mr . Stafford O'Brien , ail of which were , after considerable discussion , rejected orwilhdrawn . The House went into committee on the Controverted Elections Bill .
The Bill having gone through Committee , the House resumed , and immediately after again resolved itself into committee on the Poor-Law Amendment Bill . Sir J . Gbaham stated several verbal amendments which he wished to be inserted in this Bill . Various amendments wera then put seriatim from the chair , and were agreed to . Captain Pechell then moved a proviso , exempting large towns , having local acts , from the appointment of auditors by the Poor Law Commissioners . Some discussion followed , and Captain Pechell persevering , the House divided , when the numbers
were— For Captain Pechell ' s clause 10 Against it 52 Majority against the clause ... —42 The report was then agreed to and the Bill ordered to be read a third time to-morrow ( Friday ) . A number of Bills were read a third time and passed . The House adjourned at a quarter-past twelve .
Untitled Article
HOUSE OF LORDS—Thursday , Jolt 25 . The new Creditor and Debtors' Bill—that is , the measure approved by the select committee to whom the two bills of Lord Cottenham and Lord Brougham were referred—was reported , on whioh a discussion arose , in which Lords Brougham , Cottenham , Campbell , and the Lord Chancellor took part , the latter of whom stated that the present measure was Lord Brougham ' s , with the principle of Lord Cottenham ' s engrafted on it . The report was ultimately received and the House , after some other business , adjourned .
Untitled Article
LEICESTER . —On Sunday morning and evening , and on Monday evening , Dr . M'Douall delivered three highly instructive and eloquent lectures to large and admiring audiences . We hope shortly to gee the Doctor again . His lectures have done much service to the cause . OtOBAltt . —On Monday last Mr . James Leach delivered a very instructive and argumentive Lecture in the room , Greaves-street . On Tuesday evening Mr . Leach again lectured on the benefits of trades unions , as land corporations . Both lectures gave satisfaction . BUGHOUSE- —Mr . G . White delivered an openair addt £ S 8 to a large audience on Wednesday evening last , on the principles of Chartism .
SHEFFIELD . —The DupcoHBE Demonstration . —The work goes nobly on to make the 29 th of July a glorious day for Sheffield and for Chartism . Tbe Tiadea are coming out nobly : a universal holiday is proclaimed , and lags and banners innumerable are being prepared . Should the weather prove favourable , the procession will be the grandest sight ever witnessed in England . The Committee bave held their meetings nightly , at Mr . WeBfs . We nave not apace to report their proceedings at fall length ; suffice it to say , they work with a right good will , aad a determination to make the day one to be held in remembrance by toe ' * oldest inhabitant" for many , many yean .
Royal Lomo, Price 3s 6d. The Middle System Of Teaching Classics ; A Manual For Classical Teachers.
Royal lomo , Price 3 s 6 d . THE MIDDLE SYSTEM OF TEACHING CLASSICS ; a Manual for Classical Teachers .
Local Markets.
LOCAL MARKETS .
Untitled Article
Leehs Cokn Market , Tuesday , July 23 . —The supply « Wheat to this day ' s Market is fair ; other articles loderate . The weather has been very favourab-a for the crops : yesterday and to-day very hot . The Millers purchase Wheat very sparingly ; fine fresh qualities 2 a . per quarter lower ; in other descriptions nothing doing . Oats , little alteration . Beans , 6 d . to Is . per quarter lower . WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET . Friday , July 26 th . —There i s a large supply of Wheat , and a very thin attendance of buyer ? at tins day ' s market ; the business transacted has been on the most limited scale , and although » declineofw . to 2 s . per quarter would have been submitted to , out few sales conld be effected .
¦ Leeds :—Printed Tot The Proprietor, F Bab Guts Cconnor, Esq. Ot Hunmazsmitb , Coasoj
¦ Leeds : —Printed tot the Proprietor , F BAB GUTS CCONNOR , Esq . ot Hunmazsmitb , CoasoJ
Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOBSON , at h » « jjjf lag Office , No * . 12 and 18 , Mark « t-steeet , Bri ««» t amd Published by tfat »* id Joshua HomoJ . ( to * tbe aaid Eeaegub O ' Conkob , ) at hta B *»' Hng-house , No . 5 , Market-street , Brigg » t »» * £ internal Communication existing between the & » No . 5 , MasketrBtxeet , and the said Nos . 18 and 13 , Market-street , Briggate , thus eonatitatiagj ** Whole of th « eaid Printing and Publishing «»«« one Premises . ' - ( Saturday , July 27 , 18 ** ^) ^
Untitled Article
_^_ ^^ . THE NORTHERN STAR : j July 27 , 1844 .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), July 27, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1273/page/8/
-