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NORTH AMERICA^ LAND AGENCY
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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j ! I , I I j 1 ; I : ; , i ! IN the Prospectus which the NORTH AMERICAN LAND AGENCY has already published their views , it is hoped , have been sufficiently explained as regards the promotion of Emigration to Lands and Estates , purchased through its intervention in Canada , &c J The Agents oosfidently submit , however , that the same views , more fully developed , may be made essentially useful , not only to the unemployed classes in this country , but also to those who are possessed ; of some capital , though insufficient in amount to secure , of itself , their permanent welfare and prosperity , j It . wi'l be admitted that Emigration has heretofore been conducted on a system productive , in the > aggregate , of much individual hardship and distress—and especially to the Emigrant of the poorer class ; { for on arriving at his port of debarkation , he has found himself , generally speaking , with little or no ; money , and no friends to assist him in procuring work , or even to point out in what part of the Province ; he would be most likely to obtain it , —while he who possessed some little capital has met with similar i difficulties , in making choice of a location . Canada , though all things considered , perhaps the most I important of our colonies , is virtually a terra incognita—simply because there is no one willing , if able , i to afford the requisite information to those who seek it , and it is this deficiency which it is the aim and object of the Agents effectually to remedy . j There are hundreds in Great . Britain anxious to emigrate , but who , from want of sufficient means are deterred from , or miable to do so . To such the Agents can offer facilities heretofore unthought of , and unattainable ; for example : —A man having no more than £ 100 , would net better his situation by emigrating to Canada as an agriculturist—for the purchase of his Land , and the unavoidable preliminary . expenditure thereon , the expence of conveyance thither , and his support , however frugal , until his first crops were gathered in , would absorb more than his entire capital , even under the most favourable circumstances . Such a capital , on tho contrary , would be found not onl y sufficient on the plan proposed i by the Agents , as hereafter explained , but at the samo time , immunity from the usual hardships and privations would be secured , and to the prudent and industrious a comfortable and permanent competentcy in the future . '!¦ ¦ _ . But the great body of our emigrating population is composed of persons having no capital whatever , generally without even the means of paying their passage-money to a Colony , however approximate to the mother country . The sufferings which too often btsfal these poor people , are greater than would be j generally believed—not on shipboard , for there they are now well-cared for , owing to the strictness with , which the wholesome regulations of the " Passengers' Act' * are enforced by the Government Emigration j Agents here and in Canada . Itis on their arrival in the Colony that j the struggle really commences , a \ struggle not confined to the mere labourer , but more or less participated in by tho small capitalist to whom ) reference was first made . : He must search for his Land in a country , to the localities of which , its soil and seasons , he is a i perfect stranger ; and when selected , however judiciously , he must live upon his own resources until the ! ensuing harvest . He must erect his own log house , clear and fence his land , wasting valuable time , and spending much of his already too scanty capital unprofitably , from inexperience in the work he has undertaken . ' ! The former , on landing at his destined port , applies for work , which if unattainable on the spot , he ' must seek for elsewhere , or starve . If without funds , he is provided by the Emigration Agent appointed ( by Government , with a free passage in a steam boat to wherever he chooses to go , and then every resource j but his own labonr ceases . It may not be irreleveut to mention , that the money thus expended in Canada > in 1842 , waa £ 18 , 161 ; and i » 1843 , nearly £ 9 , 000 ; Emigration in the latter year having fallen off 51 per j cent , as compared with the former : a plain proof of the generally helpless condition of our emigrating brethren , and that the distress alluded to is far from being exaggerated . _ j The Agents will now proceed to state as briefly as possible , those remedial measures which they ar ; sanguine enough to hope may remove in a great degree , if not altogether , the evils complained of . * | It has betn observed in the first prospectus' that the Agent in London has for sale upwards of 600 , 000 Acros of Land in different parts of Upper and Lower Canada ; and it ia in a great degree owing to the exceedingly low terms on whioh the Agents are authorised to dispose of some of the best of these properties , ] that they are enabled to offor to tho consideration of tho public tho following scheme : — . j The statement marked A shows , that with no greater capital than | £ 77 , a single man , forming one ! of a party of not less tHAN ten families , or principals , will acquire in fee simple , or Freehold , Land to tho extent of 100 Acres . Tliat for a mun and his wife , or two ! single men , the capital required will bo only £ 87 , or £ 43 10 s . eaoh ; with one child , £ 92 53 ., or £ 30 l o 3 . each ; the amount per head | decreasing as the numbers in a family increase . It has been remarked , that with so small a sum at command as £ 100 , the agriculturist would not better his oondition by emigrating ; and it is presumed that the reasons given are a sufficient evidenco of < the fact . The plan now submitted goes , however , to prove that even this small stock of money caa bo j made not only ample for all useful purposes , but will leave a fund to mtet contingencies . < The statement marked B shows in like manner the capital required to entitle tbe Emigrant to 50 Acres of Land in Freehold , aud this scale is intended to apply to those who depend upon tho assistance of , others , partially or wholly , to enable them to emigrate- ; ; To this table the Agents bespeak the especial attention of those who support Emigration from benevolent views . Looking at the brightest side of the picture , it has been , to the poor man , merely a , transition from labour in ono country , to labour in another , with tho prospect , if successful , of saving in the course of years , sufficient to procure those advantages which aie here offered him on setting foot in : Canada . Not only will ho be exempt from the prospect of want , provided of course he be prudent and industrious , but he will be spared those hardships and privations heretofore inseparable from the change or homo and country ; and secure to himself a state of comfort and independence beyond any expectations , he could ever have ventured to indulge in . - I Tho public may fairly require some guarantee beyond the mere character of the Agents , that tlaey ¦ ] have the power as well as the inclination , faithfully to carry out that which they undertake to perform . ; Sucfe a guarantee they are prepared to offer , and in a form which \ they trust will be approved or They propose— j That when the purchase is made , the money contributed by each family or principal shall be placed in tbo hands o { the Bankers of the Agency , in London , in the joint names of the Agent in London , and some one appointed by the Settlers , to be applied in the manner following , viz .: — \ . To pay the purchase money of the Land so soon as the Title Deeds of the same , legally executed in the Colony , are delivered over to the Purchasers . j 2 . To defray the Passage Monty of the Settlers in ihe manner usually practised in Emigrant Ships , and ; 3 . To repay all other disbursements undertaken by the Agents , so as , but not before , the Settlers shall have arrived on their location , aud are therefore in aotual possession of the settlement prepared for them . North American Land Agency , RICHARD NORMAN , No . 2 , New Broad Street , London . i Agent in London . STATEMENT A Table , shewing the amount required to be paid bv each Family according to the number of its wemoers , ; to entitle them to a Freehold Farm of 100 Acres , a Free Paa vage to Canada ; three Months ' Provisions after their arrival at the Settlement ; and a participation ia all the advantage offered by the Agency , which are aa follows : — ] . —A Log House to be built on each Farm . ... tttl 2—Five Acres of Land to be cleared on each Farm , of which four acres to be cropped with Wheat , and ono aore with Potatoes and other vegetables . : 3 . —The settlers to bo furnished with the necessary tools , such as Axes , Hoes , Sickles , &c ; and also 4- —With one Yoke of Oxen for the general use of the Settlement . < 5 —A foreman , and two experienced assistants , to be engaged and paid by the Agents for three months , to work with and instruct the Emigrants in clearing Land and fencing it ; and in the erection of Log Houses , of which five will , for that purpose , be built after the arrival of the Settlers . 6 . —Three Months' Provisions to be supplied to tho Emigrants after they have reached the Settlement , thus securing them against the possibility of want while their crops are ripening , and they are engaged-in he work referred to in the foregoing paragraph . ¦ TT , ,, x , , Amount to be Paid . Under Above Number Members of ach Family . 1 ^ yiars . FanTily . By each By each Individual Family . JNo . 1 . " £ s d £ a d Asingleman , 1 1 77 0 0 77 0 0 No . 2 . Amanaudwife 2 2 43 10 0 87 0 0 Nq . 3 . Aman , wifes and 1 child 1 2 3 30 15 0 92 5 0 ' No . 4 . Aman , wife , and 2 ohildren 2 2 4 24 10 0 98 0 0 No . 5 . A man , wife , and 3 children 3 2 5 20 15 0 103 15 0 No . 6 . A man , wife , and 4 children , 1 child above 14 year& 3 3 6 18 17 6 113 5 0 No . 7 . A man , wife , and 5 children , 1 child above 14 years 4 3 7 17 0 0 119 0 0 No . 8 . A man , wife , and 6 children , 2 children above 14 yrs 4 4 8 16 2 G 129 0 0 STATEMENT B i Table shewing the Amount required to bo paid by each Family according to the number of its Members ,, to entitle them to a Freehold Farm of Fifty Acres ; a Free Passage to Canada ; three Months ' Provisions after their arrival at tbe Settlement ; and a participation in all the advantages offered by the Agencv , which are as follows , v ' z .: — 1 . — A Log House to be built on each Farm . 2 . —Four and a Half Acres of Land to be cleared on each Farm , of which four acres to be cropped with Wheat , and Half an Acre with Potatoes and other vegetable ? . | 3 , The settlers to b 9 furnished with the necessary tools , such as Axes , Hoes , Sickles , &c ; and also 4 * _ With one Yoke of Oxen for the general use of the Settlement , j 5—A foreman , and two experienced assistants , to be engaged and paid by the Agents for three months , to work with and instruct the Emigrants in clearing Land and fencing it ; and in the erection of Log Housos , of wbich five will , for that purpose , be built after the arrival of the Settlers . 6 . —Three Months' Provisions to be supplied to the Emigrants after they have reached tho Settlement , thus securing them against the possibility of want while their crops are ripening , and they are engaged in tho weTk referred to in the foregoing paragraph . j ^^ Undei Aboye Number Amount to be paid . Members of Eaoh Family . 14 14 i ia ~ ; ~ ~~ Years . Years . Family . By fach By each i Individual . Family . . No . 1 . ~~~ : £ s < T £ a < T A single Man 1 ; 1 59 10 0 59 10 0 No . 2 . A Man and Wife 2 ! 2 34 12 6 69 5 0 ^^ No . 3 . : A Ma » , Wife , and Child .... « 1 2 3 25 0 0 73 0 0 No . 4 . ¦ 1 A M » n , Wife , and two Children 2 2 ; 4 20 2 6 80 10 0 No . 5 . A Man , Wife , and three -Children 3 2 S 17 5 0 86 5 0 i , No . $ , } ¦ A Man , Wife , and four Children , one Child above 14 years ... 3 3 ! 6 16 0 0 96 0 0 No . 7 . ' f A Man , Wife , and five Children , one Child above 14 years ... 4 3 7 14 10 0 101 10 0 No . 8 . ! A Man , Wife , and six Children , two Children above 14 years ^ 4 . 4 j 8 13 17 6 111 0 0 ' : ————_— , , — ± -J . ^_ N . B . —A party desiring to have a larger Farm than above desov . bed , can obtain Land in any quantity , at the mere cost of such Land , free from any increase in the o ' . heriitems of expenditure .
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THE SHEFFIELD DEMONSTRATION IN HONOUR OF T . S . DUNCOMBE , ESQ ., 3 LP ., AND FEARGDS OCONNOB , EEQ , ( 'Continued from our fctt . J THE ETEIflKQ MEETING . At ax o'clock in tike evening , a soiree "was given at the Theatre , where a most comfortable tea tm pro-Tided for all who thought proper to join in the proceedings . By eight o ' clock , the Theatre "was crowded in t very part—pit , boxes , gallery , and stage . About halfpast sight , Mr . Iftmeombe and Mr . O'Connor-came
for-¦ ward to the front of the stage , asd were received with several rounds of applause , again and again repeated . The stage was decorated with several banners , which added very considerably to the effect of the scene . Across the proscasinm was " Duneomfee , the unflinching advocate of the people's rights . " From the eentre , over the stage , hung a banner , inscribed "The Duneombs Skk Society , " and at tfce b&ck , and reaching quite across it , was inscribed " The People ' s Charter—Hie only measure to Becure equal justice . " Silence haviiig been obtained .
Mr . Wksx came forward and proposed a Chairmar- — not for the sake of keeping order , but of ; complying with the custom nsually practised on similar occasions . He piopoBed Mr . Briggs , who accordingly took the Chair . On rising , the Chxtbhas said he did not expect to have been called upon to preside that evening , when so many men better fitted for the post were then in th 6 Theatre . The business , however , which " they were then met upon was , to pay their T&spects to Mr . Duncombe , who had been invited to come amongst -them , and who had been pleased to accept the invitation . He hopgd the meeting would with oce voice agree to dp honour to whom honour was due—( cheers ) . -He was joing to say that the Hon . Gentleman had distinguished biro-ell by battling with the Commons- bnt he really thonsht that the present House of Commons was but an offshoot of the Upper House , and it wonld be well for the country if that House contained 400 men
ineinbers as thB one for the borongh of Finsbury . That geavlemaa was the representative of the whole Xingdoro . . It might be asked , why were aot the people ol Sheffield EatieSed with thsir own MemberE ?—4 a vojee " They are good ^ or Bought **) One of them had suuk Yer ? far below the political horizon , and the other had committed himself so far to ihow that he did not now represent tee people of Sheffield In Pailiament He iriiDBelf thought nothing of Mr . Ward , who had stated that what worked well for the masters did not work Well for the men . Thai gentleman had neglected the interests of the working classes , but for whose exertions file whole fabric of society mast crumble down . They fea 4 two tried friends present on this occasion . Mr . Dm combe was on the watch tower , and gave the alarm "when danger was at sand ; ¦ while Mr . O Connor , in the country ., and in Sib Northern Star , htlped the cause of the people —( cfeeera ) . He called on Mr . Otley—( cteersi—to speak to the sentiment * ' the People , the seource of all wealth . "
Hi . OTLEr spoke britfly to the sentiment , and was lonely applauded . The Phesidzkt of the Duncombe Sick Society said , he bad not to present an addrets , for it had been transmitted to Mr . Duncombe by post , and he had kintiJy allo-sefl them to take his name . By the votes oi the members , the name , of the society had been changed from the Brougham to the Duncombe—1 cheers ) . He fieeo not recapitulate the discussions that had t&ktn place on the subject , but he might state , that the chance had been unanimously adopted . In the name of the society , he now presented to Mi Dancombe a copy of the rules—( loud cheers ) . Mr . T . Booth presented an address to "Mr . Duncoiube , from the united Trades of Sheffield . He stood as the representative of the Trades who had honoured Mr . Dancombe to-day , as a demonstration of their gratitude for the exertions he had made in their cause . 2 &i . Booth read the following address : —
Tht Address of ike United Trades of SJwJldd to Thomas SHngiby Dunambe , Esq , M . P . Istkehkd Sib , —We the artizms of the TJni ' ed Trades and others , keg to tender you ocr sincere thank ? for the noble and praiseworthy efforts yon' have made on behalf of the working classes during yoar Parliamentary career , pirtienlarly as respects the Factories \ 331 , which was introduced by Lord Ashley during the pre < = ni Session of Parliament—a bUl which we cotceive was framed on the basis of humanity , reason , and justice . Our utmost meed of admiration and re- , « pe « are slso ne for the strenuous opposition yon gave ; to the obnoxious -measure enStleil tie Master and Sir-1
Tsnts * BUI , which in crai opinion was meant by its ; fianiErs to crush every attempt on the part of the : labouring classes to adjust the price of their labour , j and to confer a power on capitalists they onght never to possess ; and which , if it had passed into a law , would have been attended with the most evil coesbquences to the working dasEes throughout the whole . empire . To your t-ffbrts are they indebted for " the defeat of that mitcbitvous bill 1 2 nd we believe their : gratitude towards you is in bks proportion : at Ihe same dine , we feel almost confident t&a . t further attempts will be made to sacrifice lafccur 1 ^ the shrine of capital .
Amidst the number of praiseworthy actions which have distinguished you—and actions speak londer than words—there is one we feel pleasure in raming , as it is of particular interest in our locality , namely , the system the various trades have adopted in le ^ -aiatisg the heurs of working according to the variou 3 circumstances of tie -ssme . and which yen so ably defended in your place in Parliament in opposition to all the arguments that were used against is ; and which regnlation we believe to be necssssry in the present state of society , as cur knowledge , founded on experience ,
proves it is a means of establishing an equilibrium , betwixt labour and capital , and a preventive against 1 those dtrangements of commerce caused by over-glut- ] ted markets , the bitter iffects of which are < iegrada-I Eon and pauperism to great misses of worthy artizins . We are fully aware of the prejadies { caltny founded on ; ¦ elfiihucss ) which is arrayed against it ; but we are i satisfied that tiose Trades that have given it a fair trial are "beneStea as s whole . ; and whilst the comforts and respectability of the working man "and his family * re increased , the public are relieved from a vast amount of-poor rates , that were necessary for the maintenance of the unemoloTed .
If , Sir , we were to give full scope to our feelings , in detailing onr opinions on the powerful and disinter ested advocacy which has marked your pnblic conduct , we should only trespass too much upon your valuable time ; we ehaa , therefore , for the present , desist , having only glanced at those topics in which our own locality is more deeply interested , hoping that a Imure ocea-« Jon -will present itself -when -we shalT have a better opporlcniiy of doing justice to your merits , as a legisi n tnT .. a patriot , and a man . In conclusion , \ re most earnestly desire- that yon may be endowed with health and long life , to maintain your position as the untirirg and uxnincHnc advocate of the
rights of the £ oeb of labour ; and although you mBy not level in thesmiiea of royalty , nor enjoy emoluments ttat a Ministry have it in their power to give ; though yon msy meet the sneers of lordly oppressors and grasping capitalists , yet you will hare the gratification of kno-iriiig that you are entwined around tha hearts of mi ll ions , and that your name is identified with their happiness ; and that when the last mortal scene ib about to dose , yon may be enabled to calmly l ay your bead upon your pillow , and exclaim , " J have entten-Tonrcd to do my duty , " Is the sincere wish and prayer of the TJsixed . Trades op Su-etttei / d .
Mr . DBimY Dtxt presented an address from th « TJnil&I Grinders , and was received with lend cheers This wss a matter of pure humanity ; and he waa confident thit Jir . Dnirefcmbe waa 3 lover of humanity ii the largest sense of the word . From a note he hsd recfcived from Mr . Duncombe , to whom he sent 3 > r Holland ' s atle work on " Diseases of the Lucgs . fron Mechanical Causes / 1 he fouad that the work had nol reached the Hon . Member—( shame ) . He regretted tc bear tiat > lx . Dnncombe had not received it —( " ta Sir James Graham gol it ? - Langhter and cheers ) . Hs "Would t £ ke care that Mr . Duncombe should -hav < another copy , aj ed would convey to him all the inform stion in his power , as to the workmen of bis nnfortu Tiate calling . Mr . Drury concluded by reading tfce following address : — To Thomas Sling&y Drnicovibe , Esq .. M . P .
Esteemed Sir ,- V ? e , the body of Grinfier 3 belonging to the town of Shtffidd and its vicinity , teg to lender you our sincere copgr&tuiatit , nB for honouring us with your attendance this day . Simple and unrefined 23 ir& are in giving expression to oar feelings , there is no claa el working men that spprtcUte tne vaJue of yonr labonrs , in the great cause of justice aud humanily , aore highly than we do . We feel , as nil the labouring classes &roaghont the country ought to feel , that our greatest respect and gratitude are dne for yenr exe : lions against that infamous bill , entitled the " Masters and Servants BjH , " which , to 6 sy the least of it , -was a most insidious attempt on ths part of its'framers , to deprive the labouring classes cf their aest valuable , aud almost only piivilege—that of adjusting the value o ?
their 2 aboc ? . To yon , Sir , we again say , we owe yon a large tribute of respect ; for if that despicable bill h 3 d passed into a lzw , we should , ere this time , have been "rtsited with the tender mercies of selfish and mercenary capitalists , who would have been armed with Eufficisat power to iave rendered ns the worst of alaves . We , Sb , cannot pass over In silence , your able advocacy of lord Ashley ' s Factory BUL However much we may « i 5 ar with tha tfoble Lord on Borne political matters , * <»» afford him Oiat credit and praiEe -which is his Sil *** humane and philanthropic feelings and actions , In behalf of those who work in factories . Indeed , the peculiar drcomitancei that we , as a body of out
TZZ %£ ^ i ^^ L ^ * " «* P « t » fiestfucaTe awe ^ 0 B » _ wMch fee&xa awns resemblance to fh&n , inspire u wiln moss than ordinary emotion , It is our desire , Bir , to Impress It on your mind , that our fate u % body of artisans is more unenviable than those who follow their daily labour in factories . W « experience the JBme privations , as they and all oiher aitizins fio , from depression of trade ; but we are sub ject to many mUttAta which happily are not the lot of the generality Of them , and tbtse are purely owing to our destructive trade , « aeb being it * baneful efiVcts that the majority o f gritnUmbxt cat off at a period of life when other fe « J * ra in ibi bloom and vigour of manhood . We , Bit , vmtli * it to be no mere than an act of lattice to
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ourselves to excite your attention towards us , forming , as we do , a very important class , comprising no less than four or five thousand adults . Frem the many important efforts yon have made to promote the welfare cf the working classes throughout the empire , during your parliamentary career , -we nave no doubt that when we have given to you all the information possible , as to the very trying ant unenviable circumstances we are placed in , that you will lend us y onr powerful aid in your capacity as & legislator . The per . nicious tendency of our trade Ii well known to the public of Sheffield , and to some of the most influential members of Parliament . TV hat we want is a better ventilation of Grinding Wheels , or rooms we work in . Sir James Graham is acquainted with our condition , bat he has declined interfering . We trust , however ,
that our cue will be brought before the notice of the legislature the next session , in such a strong point of view that the Government will give its osseut to a measure of justice and humanity . In conclusion , Sir , we have only to » y that we have purposely abstained from giving our opinions respecting the many powerful efforts you have made on beha'f of the working classes , as we are fully sensible that there are those whoBe eloquence and patriotism are far better calculated for the task ; bat our admiration and respect are equal to any . For the soble and disinterested actions which have ever marked your leglslatorial capacity , we hope and trust that you will long remain , as you have been , the friend of the labouring classes ; and that your life may be crowned with the greatest happiness , is the sincere desire of yours , &c The Mkjibebs op the Associated Grikdees .
Mr . West next presented an address from the Chartists to the distinguished guest who that evening honoured them with his presence . From the example of Mr . O'Connor on the preceding evening , they had taken to themselves a new title—and the Chartists of Sheffield would henceforward the known as "Doncombe ' s own Brigade" "—( loud cheers ) . The address , of which he held but & rough copy in his hand , shonld be presented in Buch a manner as that the representative of the people should be able to transmit it to posterity . Some of the observations would correspond with ihe Trade addrtsses , bnt it should be borne in mind that the Chartist ranks embraced men of every grade . Sir . West then read the address , which was very long , and very loudly applauded . *
Mr . Dr / xcOMBB then rose , and was received with repeated bursts ef applause , the audience rising and greeting him with reiterated rounds of cheering . He taid—ladles and gentlemen , from the kindness you have exhibited this day , I cannot too deeply regret that I have not had it in my power to accept these numerous invitations which , in former years , you have done me the honour to send to meet you in this town . But , gentlemen , I feel that absence , at all events , has not tended to lower me in your esteem—( cheers ) . If anything , I must have gained by my absence , as during that time it has enabled me to prove to you my fidelity to that cause which yon have so much at heart Although I have not , until this day , had the honour to be personally acquainted with you , I do assure you that
I do not feel myself entirely a stranger , became I am satisfied that we have , one and all , been struggling in oce and the same cause . We have been struggling in the cause which 1 saw and read with pleasure emblazoned on one of the banners that preceded me— " The greatest happiness of the greatest number , for the greatest length ef time "—( hear , hear ) . Gentlemen , hope it is hardly necessary for me to say that it is with pride und pleasure I accept the addresses which have been placed in my bands . These addresses allude to various subjects which have come under the consideration of the Houbo of Commons during the session ; and however well I may stand in your good opinion , on account of the course I have felt it my duty to pursue in reference to those measures , I cannot help thinking ,
from the references you have made to that assembly to which I belong , that it does not stand very high in your estimation —( hear , bear ) . Certainly , I should say , not higher than it deserves . I do think , of all the Boubss of Commons I have ever belonged to , whether in unreformed or reformer . Parliaments , —this I must say of the present Bouse of Commons , that i t has proved i tself the most incompetent , the most inconsistent , and the most corrupt of any I have ever known —( cheers ) . Itis impossible yon can be unacquainted with those absurd turns and twists it has taken in reference especially to one of tfcs measures alluded to in these addresses—I mean , the Factory BilL Twice in the House of Commons was the cause of humanity triumphant . Twice did it record , by the vote * of a fair majority , it * decision
that the wives and daughters of the men of England should not work more than ten hours a day in factories . Twice waa this vote recorded ; and then tho Minister came down and told that assembly—If yon do not rescind that vote , I shall consider it a vote of want of confidence , and I shall immediately resign , or else dissolve this Parliament —( disapprobation ) . What did the House of Commons do ? Did it rescind the vete by a small majority ? No ; but by almost one-third more than had originally affirmed the former proposition . How can confidence be possible in an assembly like that ? It was said , and well said by Mr . West , that this question vsa one not affecting so much the people of Sheffield . I ct&ted yenr case in the Eoebs of Commons . It had there been urged , that if we reduced the number of the
hours of labonr , it must reduce the wages of the operatives . Is it so in Sheffield ?—( no , ao ) . Has it not been the reverse ? But Shtffield , and the operatives of Shtffirld , are able to take the law into their own hands —thear , hear ) , —which the weavers of Lancashire are not abie to do . The effect on wages in Sheffield has been , that though you have worked a smaller nunibbr of hours , wages have been increased . Why should it not be so in the cotten districts ? On the contrary , the masters there endeavour to alarm the operatives by telling the weavers—If you reduce your woik by two hours , we must take one-fourth off yoar wages . The operative says , he would rather work bhorter hours , and have less wages , than remain in h's present state of slavery and degradation . Some
have said so ; but do they believe that such will be the case ? I do no * , believe that it will be the case , or that the operatives of Manchester , Rochdale , and otter towns believe it They look to Sheffield , and they find wajjes increased , while the hours of labour are reduced ; and they tee the operatives of Shtffield better off , and able to esjoy the sweets of home in a way that the unfortunate weavers are not able . Was this the only act of ii consistency on the part of the present Honse of Commons ? Did you watch their conduct on the Sugar Duties the other day ? ( " We did" ) There the same game -was played again . At first , the House ef Commons agreed to mate a reduction of the duty of colonial sugar by 4 « . a cwt . That was carried ; but the minister again comes down , and ssjs : This I consider almost a
personal insult to myself . He puts the people ont of the question . Be dcea not care ( or cheap sugar ; but he says , I shall consider this a want of confidence , if it be not rescinded . Again wca the same farca enacted , and the House rescinded that vote . Can we have confidence in euch a Legislature ?—( cheers ) . Does it ever rescind a vote to favour the people ? Has it ever rescinded a vote to fivonr an txtension of your privileges ? Ko ; it rescinds votes only to increase the taxes of the people , and to curtail their rights —( cheers ) . Among the other questions which came before the House of Commons , that measure which I had the go » d fortune on ycur account to defeat—a bill which was justly and prsperly designated by my worthy friend in the Not them Star , a hVfeour degradation bilL It is spoken of in these addresses
as the Master and Servants BilL Was ever so iniquit-. ons en attempt made to enslave the people as was made ! by that measura ? No man ' s liberty would have been ¦ worth half an hour ' s purchase had that been carried . Ycu -would have been completely at the mercy of your : employers ; ycu especially who work by the job . The I secret came out in the course of the discussion , that ] this bill was especially directed against the miners and : the coliifcM , though it wonld have affected every one ¦ amongst ycu . It you had been half an hsar later than : jou onsht to be at the factory , it would have rendered ; jgh liable to be taken before a Magistrate , and committed for two months to hard labour—( cheere ) . 1 ; told you it would have ifi > cted the colliers especially ; ; and it was certainly intended to knock up their union
—( hear , hear ) . I believe it would have completely destroyed their combination ; 1 will say , their juBt combination —( loud cheering)—and their just union . Why do I say so ? When the question of the repeal of the txport duties on coal came before the House of Commons , it was natural that the canse of the pitmen should thtn be discussed . 1 there stated , in the presence ef the coal owners , and such as were nut present wcnld rtaa it in the nsnal jonmals .. that the colliers of If orthumberland and Durham were prepared to snbmit their cause to arbitration . If their claims were urijust , wfey should the roasters hesitate to Egree to this ? J said , let the men name one aibitrato . - , and the coal OTTceis another ; and if tbey don't agrfee , let an umpire beappainted ; and on the part-of tfeemen , I undertook
that tbey should abide by the decision to which these parties should come—( cheera ) . . Did that look as if their claims were uujnst , or so very preposterous as we ars told they are by some parties ? On the contrary , i t shows , and must prove to the whole world , that their claims are honest and just , and that the masters dare not come -to that fair arbitration , which , as honeBtmen , I Bay they ought tohave submitted to ( cheers ) . What do I find in the papers this evening ? It is an address from a Member of the Upper Honse of Parliament , Lord Londonderry , to the tradesmen of what he calls " hW own town of Seaham . In this letter , Lerd Londonderry informed the tr-desmen of ?• his town of Seaham , " that if they continued to give credit to the refractory colliers , they would be mabked men , and need not expect to have any of the custom of himself or
of bis agent * . He also threatened that , if the people of Seaham opposed bis views , be weald transfer to Newcastle all the business connected with his extensive concerns . [ The reading of ttds arbitrary and arrogant declaration elicited load cries of "Shame , ihame , " from the meeting . ] Since I knew anything 0 ' public life , I never read anything so illegal and disgraceful as that We know it is competent iorany one to dtal with "whpBi he likes . We hear of exclusive dealing : whether it be good or bad , I am not here now to discuss ; but this 1 b the first time I ever beard of a landlord saying to a tenant , and that tenant a trad ef man—Ton Ehnll not allow so and so to come into your shop , or give credit to such and finch an individual ^ We hear sometimes of poor labouring men being trampled on . But this Lord Londonderry goes a step
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higher . He is attacking the middle class ; and perhaps this attack on the middlo class may make them begin to feel a little more for you on some questions ( cheers ) . Still , I say , that of all the infamous and etroctaus attempts ever made fit dictation , and I may say Usurpation , this attempt of Lord Londonderry to dictate to tradesmen to whom they shall give credit or sell their goods is the worst Same of them may prefer selling to pitmen rather than to Lord Londonderry—( laughter ) . But he thinks proper to say , you shall not sell to so and so , or you will be Marked men . If one of you , or one of your trades ' uniona should issue an address of this sort , you would toon have the Attorney-General npon yon with an ex officio information—( bear , hear , hear ) . He would say you have no right to threaten
to hare any individaaL All sorts of interpretations and constructions such as you never intended , would be pat upon the word " marked . " I should not wonder if you would be charged with inciting to assassination or something of that sort—( laughter ) . But the peer is allowed to use it I say if any individual really wishes the destruction of the House of Lords , to bring it into public contempt , it is not to be done by the working classes , but by the Pears themselves , when they issue documents like this —( cheers ) . I am Borry to tell my friend , Mr . Drury , what I communicated to him by letter , that I did not receive Dr . Holland ' s report It appears to have been left at the Houce of Commons , and generally speaking , parcels left there come to hand . But there are two or three other Buncombes , and
perhaps some of them might receive it If it had been Bent through the Poat-offlce , I should not be very much surprised at its miscarriage—( loud cheers ) . There is a pretty business—that of the Post-office —( loud cheers ) . What think yon of the conduct of the House of Commons in reference to that ? What of the conduct ef the "Government ? I confess I was never more astonished and disgusted in my life than when I ascertained the extent to which this system has been carried . I could not have believed till it was proved to mo by evidence which I could not resist , that such a system , so un-English and dishonourable , could be carried to such an extent I did believe th&t when a letter was put into the Post-office with a seal on it , the contents of that letter were sacred till it reached the bands of
the person to whom it was addressed . You know , for you have read the journals , how Sir James Graham tried on the first day to evade and escape from this question . But when another petition was presented , complaining of the letter of an individual having been opened , then , in consequence of the votes of Bonie of the Whigs , more to spite them than in justice to the question , a Committee of Enquiry , was appointed ; and because some of the Noble Lords and Gentleman who had been id office had voted for the first motion of enquiry , Sir J . Graham said , as they have lost sight of their oaths of secrecy as Privy Councillors , I will grant a Committee of Ecquiry , and you shall sea that whatever has been done by the Tory Government , the Whigs are equally guilty of this dishonourable conduct —( hear ,
bear ) . This reminds me of a man , in an American farce , who confesses certain mal-practicea , and justifies them by saying , " I am a tarnation rogue , but my uncle was a iarnationer "—( roars of laughter ) . So may the Tory Government say , " We are tarnation rogues , but the Whigs are fcirnationer "—( continuedlaughter ) . Well he granted a Committee . What sort of a Committee ? A secret Committee ; on the principle , I suppose of set a thief to catch a thief , he set a secret committee to find out a secret—( laughter ) . For three weeks this secret committee has been sitting . They will not tell anybody , and they do not mean to tell what they have been doing , or what evidence they have had . I tendered certain evidence , if they would allow me to examine the wicnessses . That they declined , for fear lest they
should have tbeir eyes too widely opened . But I am told that shortly as tbey have gone into the matter , slightly as they have probed this iniquitous practice , that their report is to astonish the public , who are to be informed that their letters have been opened tu a greater extent than anybody could have anticipated—( cheer *) . If that be the case—if it come out that in 1812 tbey sent a roving commission into the manufacturing districts , to examine letters—if it come out that this has been done at Sheffield , Manchester , and Rochdale ; that parties have been sent to examine letters , and see who writes to who , I do hope that the people of England will take up the question from one end of the country to the other , and , with a voice not be mistaken , will
Bay that the law which empowers thu Government to commit these acts of dishonour , forgery , and deceit , must be wiped away , and expunged from the statute book —( cheers ) . I have also received another compliment which has been paid to me , by substituting my name for that of Lord Brougham , as the designation of your Perseverance Sick Society . It is not for me tq comment on the reasons which have Induced these gentlemen to exchange my humble name for that of Lord Brougham . I am satisfied that they had good and valid reasons —( hear , hear)—and I think I can almost guess the reasons , when I see that the public course which the Noble Lord is now taking is bo different from that which he pursued when he had the honour to be member for the West Riding —( cheers ) .
In accepting the compliment , I can only say , I trust that I shall never live to see the day , —I trust I shall cease to exist before it shall be necessity for these honourable persons to substitute any name for . that which they have now doue me the honour to record ( loud cheers ) . I fear I am detaining you—( no , no I go on;)—bnt one of the addresses I must allude to . It is that submitied to me by my friend Mr . West , and proceeds from the Chartists of Sheffield . And looking at that magnificent body of men which I beheld to-day , i ( any man has reason to be proud of his brigade , certainly 1 have—Icheers ) . I shall be proud of the Shtffiuld brigade of Chartists . I woulil aak any one who has a doubt as to tbe merits of Chartism , as to the necessity of reforming the House
of Coaimens , and improving the present state of the representation , whether he can have a doubt , after looking at the different acts of which the present-House of Commons has been guilty during the present session of Parliament , to which I have alluded ; 1 ask any sane and rational man this simple question : Do you suppose , if that House truly represented the people , that it would have dared to perform the acU which it has performed ?—( cheers ) . Would such a House have entertained—would any one have presumed to introduce such a measure as the Master and Servants ' B : ll ? Would it have played Buch vagaries as to the Factory Bill , tbe Sugar Bill , or thoBe other measures which have passed recently through both branches of the Legislature ? No man will say that , if that House
had represented the people , we should not have bad a very different system of legislature . I am charmed with the spirit tit concord and harmony which appears in Sheffield . I wish the same could be aten throughout England among all the Trades , and among all the working classes . I ^ wiah we did not see every now and then some little party or coterie starting up , under such names as that of Complete Suffrage , and trying to disunite onr ranks—( cheers)—adopting the same principles by their own account They say they adopt ali your principles , that they agree to all the six points . Of what ? Of the Charter . It is rational then to say : — then why not call yeuraelves Chartists ?—( loud cheers ) . It is a name , as I always aidd , and as I told them to their face , that has a charm for the werkiog classes . It
is associated with public liberty . It is associated wita your dearest rights ; and whenever I have an opportunity of giving advice , I say—Abandon not one iota of its principles—( ioud cheers )—but continue to adhere to the principles , and to the name—lcheera ) . Whether your day of emancipation , as Mr . West has said , be distant or not , will depend upon union among all classes , and particularly among the working classes . I believe that if the spirit which I see animates the breasts of the people of Sheffield pervaded the wholo of England , -we Bhonld not be meeting here to consider how this question should be carried , bnt we skould be congratulating each other on i ts achievement- ( cheers ) . The address which the associated trades have done me tha
hoi . our to pres&nt I gratefully accept The associated grinders have alBo done me the honour to present an address , -which I also gratefully accept And I do hope that whenever my public life shall end , wheu my political career shall be closed , that I shall be able , in the language of one cf these addresses , to lay my head on my pillow and say , I have endeavoured to do my dnty to my fellow-countrymen . —( The Hon . Gentleman then sat down , andwas again greeted with the most vociferous cheering from all partB of his crowded auditory ) . The Chairman said that Mr . O'Connor would speak to the next sentiment , -which was "The People ' s Charter , to the obtainment of which we pledge ourselves . May it speedily become the law of the land . "
Mr . O'Connor , —who was received with the most enthusiastic and prolonged cheering , —said , ho -was not ashamed of his country ; but be could wish to-night for tbe caution of tha Scotchman , or the cold blood of the Dutchman . After the Bcene of the day , and this reJ preBentativo delegation of that 8 cena ; after be had so long struggled to see such a termination of his labours , this waB too much for the blood of en Irishman , and especially of one well watched by tbe law . But , flinging aside caution , regardless of the persecution of the law , and defying the Attorney-General , be would join in congratulation with them— ( loud cheerB ) . The- honour they had conferred on oue of tbeir own countrymen proved that , in every country , if tbe working classes wonld do their duty , they would find theii
own flesh and blood to represent them . This time twelvemonths , Mr . Duncombe would not have been received with the same meed of praise as to-day . Why not ? Not because he did not deserve it , but because the people did not know that he deserved them . He was glad that the people would not confer favours on men till they discovered that tbey bad deserved it . They were met to Imitate the policy , of Si « Robert Peel . As he had centralised all the Vile passions and all tbe class interests around himself , it was high time for them to collect and centralUo nil the virtue of tbe community ( cheer *) . Sir Robert Peel wonld say to them .
—I will hear no more , base suppliants ! Shall I go grovelling on tbe earth before the souls of base commoners and priceless peasants 7 Oat of my sight 1—( loud cheers ) . But Mr . Dancombe took them into his heart ' s affections . As tha tendrils of his life were the affections of the working classes j for placing tbeir virtues In one scale , and tbe vices which tbey bad In the other , he found that tbe virtues of tbe people weighed down tbe vices of the aristocracy—( loud cheering ) . They bad selected him . They bad been long looking for him . He saw them oppressed , and now , tising in tbeir strength , their hearts scorned their bondage—( loud cheers ) . Let
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them now centralise their power . The commercial interests had centralised tbe power of capital . Let the people centralise their power , and try what they could do against all the rest . God , if jealousy bad not entered their tanks;—if all who professed to be the friends of the working classes , were the sincere friends of the working men;—if they bad : laid aside all ambitious propensities , and united themselves for good as their enemies bad done for evil ;—if they bad cast ambition to the winds , —Gracious Heaven ! what a power would tbey have been !—( cheers ) . ; They were late , but better late than never . It was not extraordinary that they were late , for they had been deluded by that ignis fatuua , that Will'O' -tbe-wlsp which had deluded the first
Reformers , the impracticability of the Reform BilL They placed you in a false position . They gave you a machine which , instead of giving you legs , cat your beads off—( cheers ) . They had had trial of the machine , and where had it ended ? Their excellent friend and countryman , tbeir champion and leader , had shewn them to-night that it bad ended in tbe fatal disappointment of the Working classes . He bad been eloquent on theii wronga , but not on the services rendered by himself . His modesty bad forbade him . He had not told them his own value . He had stood single-handed and alone , opposing every abuse , with no single man to aid him , except those who were compelled to come to his aid
by the force of his eloquence and the power of his argument —( hear , hear ) . He had been guided by no vile passions . Tbey bad seen him defeating the in- triguea of Catiline , the crualty of Sylla , the ambition of Cresar , and the pusillanimity of Pompey . Wherever an abuse existed , there the Duncombe armour was buckled on to maet it—( cheers ) . Why had be done this ? : To give him a claim on their approbation—to ensure popularity ? No : he never courted it This was his value . Others placed false lights before them They erected false beacons to delude . But he was re- commended by bia actions . la answer to their addresses , he bad told them that he had refused for * mer invitations ; but , slow in coming , he was now
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before them , and" nobly hai he answered for the canst . —( cheera ) . Let thyni look back on oil be had done Were they to be tbk » ° f antiquated precedents ? Th « constitution was reared of fragments adapted to tht times when tbey wexe ina < v . <»» but no mote suited to th : present day than tbe habitations of former times were to ours—( cheers ) . < Mr . Duncotu'bo had not told then of balf he bad done . They had ^ eard of the Masten and Servants' BilL Bat there wi ^ s one affecting tht very constitution and the franchise . It waa the Irist Registration Bill , which would have gj'en the Irist counties bound into tbe hands of tbe landlords- Whet O'Connell was deserted by the Whigs , aV < i thrown aside like an old broom , who , as a matter of honour
integrity , and justice , stood up for him ? ' iThomai Slingsby Duncombe—( ckeera ) . He bad eombineu . the feelings of a gentleman with honour as a politick 10 Mr . Danoombe had scarcely glanced at his own they d ' auvre , tbe PoBt-office motion . The Government did not consider whether tbe power of opening letters was necessary , but whether it would be tolerated . One circumstance bad endeared Mr . Dancombe to him more than any other—it was tbe value be set on popular approbation . When Sir Francis Burdett died , Mr . Dancombe called on him ( Mr . F . O'Connor ) and said , " Good God I what a pity be turned renegade , or he might have had a j public burial , and his step to the
% i f « I i 0 ti i a t t a c grave have been marked by tbe approval of tbe working classes . " Mr . Duncombe lived not only for tbe present , but fer all time ; and that man was ' truly great , who sought ; not only to do good while be lived , but to leave a name so imperishable that time itself could not wear it out The addresses said nothing of tbe Charter ; but Mr . Dancombe , like a bold man , mentioned it both fey name and nature—( cheers ) . He invited the support of the trades unions . Let tbe trades and tbe people shake hands . Let there be no jealousy between their aeverpl callings . Of all the aristocracies he dreaded most tha aristocracy of labour . That was the aristocracy which their enemies relied upon . Mr . buncombe assailed bis own order . He took to pieces tbe
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address of the Marqais of Londonderry , and he ( Mr . O'C . ) was not afraid to toll them , that this scion of tbe aristocracy was bub a fungus spawned from tbe duughill of yesterday . The father of the first Lord Londonderry that Ireland was caned with , was the packs * man of a Scotch peddler . He waa named M'Gregor , but afterwards taking tbe name of bis late master , whose widow he married , be wbb called Stuart , and this was the ancestry of tbe man who talked of "AtV town of Seaham . Why shonld be ( Mr . O'Connor ) be ashamed of the cause that be had suffered peraecntion for ? The mother loved most the child that had given her most trouble . He found Chartism a poor cripple . He had straightened its limbs and fed its gr&wtb till it bad become a monster —( cheers ) . And now that be bad
dragged it through the mire and made it fashionable , and taken the stink out of it , were they to take another name to undergo fresh persecution—{ cheers ) ? Chartism Bounded better than Whig or Tory . Surely iv should not be nameless . Nethlng was so contemptlble as a dog without a name —( laughter ; . If a man got a puppy , the firBt thing he did waa to give it a name ( laugbCer ) . If he had been afraid of the name , he nevei could hi'W got together their strength for bis Honourable Friend . They wonld never find any jealousy fa him , as tht . y bad done in many of their former leaders . Nothing was so delightful to him as to be able to throw tho responsibility of directing pnblic opinion on bia excellent friend . He had created , he had organised public opinion . To-day tbey bad seen the effects of
it Addressing Mr . Dancombe , be said— " It is for you , Sir , to direct that opinion ; and recollect when you are within the waUs of tbe House of Con * mona , beware that you do not tack or change your course —( hear ) . The ocean is before you , and the closer yon keep to your course , the more satisfactory will it be to your Crew . You live in times divested of danger . The Burdetts , tbe Cobbetts , the Hunts , the Hobbouses have gone before you , and tbey have taken tbe sting away . Wherever there is a dangerous rock or shoal , there public opinion has placed a buoy . March ouward , then , in the same stops —( cheers ) . Yon could not have accepted a more honourable commission . It is more noble than to be bntcber-general to her Majesty —( chesra)—and when the Btatue of Nelson ahall fall
from the coil of ropes on which it rests , you will live deep in the affections of the working classes , and require 110 representation of celd marble or stone to commemorate your name—( loud cheers ) . The memory tbat lives the longest is not that which iff preserved by monuments , but that which is indelibly fixed on tbe minds of the people , sa will be yours , as soon as they have made you what I trust they will make you . You are now our leader , not only in name , I hope , bnt in reality . There is but one Duncombe in onr acceptation of the word—the polar star of public opinion , its pride , its hope , its expectation . You will never forfeit that pledge . That you will never betray the trust reposed in you , I am as confident as that I stand here . It hat been the practice , in regard to myself , to pass
resolutions of confidence and support while I remained faithful . If I had to frame such a resolution in regard to you , I shonld only say tbat yon could not be made to Bwerve . We take you as you are , and with tha blessing of God , we will give you as long a tail in tbe next House of Commons aa tbe comet ''—( loud cheers ) . I have looked for this day . Nothing is so dear to me as well-earned popularity . If I could justly forfeit it to-morrow , it would be the end of mj existence . I could not live oat of your sunshine . X could not bear the bleak side of your face . Mr . O'Connor went on to urge the Chartists to endeavour to
gain to their cause the shopkeepers . Tbe coalition of capital bad destroyed the prospects of labour ; but as the £ 5000 capitalist united with the £ 5 C , 000 man , let the arUzan of £ 3 a week unites wiLh tbe labourer of 15 s . He said it had been charged against Mr . Dancombe , that his policy was obstruction . Obstruction meant that those wh « could not do good should do tbeir utmost to prevent evil , On . the Poor Law Bill , he had stood , single-banded , for the rights of woman . The Chartists were accused of assisting the Tories to power ; but if they bad done so , Richard Cobden had kept them there , and bad justly forfeited the esteem of some of blB best friends . The Anti-Corn Law party
j were not the men for our day . We ( the Chartists ) have got tbe machinery ; we want the agency to direct . ! Here is the man to do it—the man in whom we I have every confidence that he will ultimately be , tbe individual to rescue us from our present I position . He talks plain sense iu eloquen ^ language , and yon see that natnne baa not I been unkind to him . I have done my part of the duty . j This will be a day ever memorable . My part of the 1 work is done now . In my last day , I shall lay my head upon my pillow , and say—I leave the world better ' j > j j ; |
than I found it—I have done my duty . If I can see tbe ; large soot pipes knocked down , the unhealthy lanes I discharged of their inhabitants , and the working men : with happy homes , among green fields , in which their wives and children shall gambol around them , I then ; can walk abroad in that elysium , and say , —this is in , part my work —( loud and continued cheering ) . At tbe conclusion of Mr . O'Connor ' s address there i were loud cries for Julian Harney ; but that gentleman ! gave way for j ! | <
Mr . Swa llow , who hoped that the circumstance of the colliers not having presented an address would not be deemed an act of disloyalty towards Mr . Dancombe , than whom no man was more respected or venerated by the colliers . But it arose from the fact that numerous and urgent engagements prevented the drawing up of one , by the person who usually did such things on behalf of tbe colliers . An address , however , would be transmitted , embodying the feelings and flantiments of the colliers towards Mr . Dancombe , and be trusted that would be a sufficient apology for not having presented ; an address on that occasion . He begged then to intimate to the meeting , tbat tbe inhabitants of Sheffield would soon be called upon to sign a petition on behalf of the three individuals—Mason , Winter , and Taylor —who had been sentenced to transportation
at the late York Assizes , for joining in a riot at the Soap-house Colliery , at Sheffield . He hoped that their Honourable guest would use his influence in favour of the three men . They bad paid counsel for defending f hem , and , notwithstanding that , they could obtain no justice . Mr . Wilkins would defend any kind of petty or dirty action , but he would not defend the collierp . In fact , tbe speech tbat Mr . Wilfeiaa made at York , was more against the colliers , than in their favour—( shame , shame ) . In conclusion , h # begged to assure Mr . Duncombe that he was as much respected by tha colliers aa by any class of men by whom he had bees addressed ; and on bebclf of the colliers he begged most sincerely to that . k Mr Duncombe for the services which he bad rendered them— [ here the cries for Harney were renewed ] .
Mr . G J . HaRNEV came forward , amid loud cheers , to speak to the sentiment—" The democratic press ; ( he support of the people , and the terror of tbeir oppressors . " The great length at which we have reported tho preceding speakers , prevents us giving Mr . Barney ' s address , which was very warmly applauded . It being now half-post eleven , Mr . Dancsmbe retired . Mr . O'Connor stayed a short time longer to enrol members , and the proceedings finally terminated about twelve o ' clock .
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Bricks . —A Philadelphia paper says Mr . George Snyder , a well known brickmaker , ia now completing an order for 30 , 030 bricks for Mr . Gibbons , a gentleman in London . Used to it . — A . gentleman , upon being asked whether he was seriously injured when a steam-boat boiler exploded , is said to have replied , " That he was so used to be blown up Dy his wife that mere stem had no effect on him . Hew to Prevent Letters being Opened . —A correspondent of the Mechanics Magazine has the following observatisns on this subject : —Steam or hot water will open a wafer— a hot iron or spirit lamp Ioosena a wax seal—after the instrument of forgery , the plaster cast , has been taken from it ; but by several combinations of both , all power of opening a letter without violence is removed . Thus , let the letter be first sealed with a small wafer , well
mo mtened , cutting a small hola , say 8-10 ihs of an iuch diameter , through the upper paper , directly over the wafer ; upon this spot , having pressed dowa the wafer , drop as much sealing-wax as will completely coyer the wafer , or rather more , and seal with the usual seal . Now , neither dry heat nor moisture will open this , nor will dry steam be hot euoutih to melt the wax . Further difficulty may be given to " the secret office" thus—touch the face of the wax seal over aa soon as made with turpentine varnish , mixed with a little linseed oil . This leaves a . sticky face , from which a plaster cast cannot be taken . Or , adopt the very beautiful method of forming the surface of a seal invented ( I believe ) by tho late Sir John Robinson , Secretary to the Royal Society , Edinburgh—viz ., dip the seal , after having breathed upon it , in bronze powder ; pass the ball 01 the thumb over the projecting parts of the seal , to remove the metallic powder , leaving it in the intaglio *
and instantly apply it to thehot wax . The impression ia lef . 6 , with the projec ting parts covered with the bronze , and the effect is very beautiful when neatly done , and the centraat of colour between the wax and the bronze well chosen . Now , when this method is adopted , if a plaster oast is taken of tne seal , the bronze will ba removed upon it 5 or if tne seal be melted , it will be mixed through us substance ; and a subsequent application of bronza from a plaster seal wonld be scarcely practicable , lna following method , in use in Prussia ( where the Postoffice is very curious in private intelligence ) , is also effectual : —punch a hole of about i-inch diameter with a hollow punch through a common large water , seal the letter with tbia moistened in the usual w * y , bul before dosing-, plaee a drop of Canada balsam in the cavity or hole of the wafer * and press down upon it ; place the letter in a warm place for a couple of hours ; and neither heat nor moisture . « nUraea » . Another method , and nrobablv quite as effectual
and more simple than any of the others , would be to secure the envelope all round the edge with a narrow joint made with iudia-rubbor dissolved m the moat highly reotified caoutchoucine / or m oajepnt oil . as soon as this hardens , whioh it wiU do m halfan hour , no known a ^ ent can open / the packet witnous its destruction , or leaving marks of violence . « may be sealed or not in any commo way besides , « thought desirable .
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* The address ajpearel in oar last
North America^ Land Agency
NORTH AMERICA ^ LAND AGENCY
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g THE NORTHERN STAR . L August 10 , 1844
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 10, 1844, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1275/page/6/
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