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4fortt)cottuus C!)«rt(0t pteetm&s.
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TO DANIEL O»CONNELL, M.P.
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Cftfltrtt 'iBit intelligence*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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« ffereittar / toidsiren , krow ye not , Who ' woola b 3 lie a , UifcmKiTBs meat strike ths Wow t " Sib , —It Is now precisely twelve yearssinoe I told jonjat a pnblio dinner at Cork , *• ' That , like Franien - stein , you had created a monster ; and that yonr monster would destroy jon , as Frankenstein ' s had destrojed him , if you attempted to check its growth , or direct its inclination into an nnnatnral channel . " My speech was principally pointed to the position which the Repeal Members , to be elected npon the Beform franchise , should occupy in the House of Commons j and the absolute necessity of sessional
discussions npon the subject : with a Tiew , firstly , to give the Irish constituencies entire confidence in us ; and , secondly , that out faithful discharge of our duties to Ireland might inspire the electors generally with the belief , that Irelandj if trne to herself , was fully capable of fighting her battle siaglehanded against the English oligarchy . I felt assured that an undeviating , intelligible , and straightforward eonrse was indispensable to insure the confidence and £ O-operation of the people > while an annual discusaon upon the subject , in ihe House of Commons , would prove that the
Bepeal pledge was not a mere " clap-trap" cry to obtain a seat in Parliament . The Honourable Robert King , Messrs . Jephson , Leader , and Wyse , all Keformers and Emancipators , lost their seats because they would not pledge themselres npon Repeal . Those harsh steps being thought necessary against four otherwise unexceptionable representatives inspiredihe Irish people with the Terynatural belief that Repeal was the pivot npon which eligibility turned . Hepealwasihe people ' s question : it waB opposed by
ihe Roman Catholic heirarchy and the Catholic Bquireens , as -well as by a Tery large number of the Roman Catholic clergy . The result of the first general election , after the passing of the Heform Bill , was far , Tery far , beyond our most sanguine expectations , and our defeat npon ihe first discussion , so far from disheartening the people seemed to embolden them , and give them renewed confidence j as a proof of which I refer you to Mr . Jacob ' s return for Dungarvon after our defeat .
Had the discussion not been brought on in 1834 , we should hare sustained considerable loss at the subsequent election of 1835 , —or the close of 1834 ; while the bold stand made npon the question enabled us to go again to the country upon the redemption of our pledge . As I intend to hackle" this subject for yon now in a manner that no other writer dare , and to print Xay letters in the only newspaper that wonld Tenture to do so , you must submit to some tedious narratives , not howeTer irrelerant , as in trnth the importance that the subject has acquired renders minuteness indispensable .
At mj first election in 18321 stood pledged to my constituents not only to support the Repeal question , but farther to bring on the discussion every Session « f Parliament , if no other Member did—a pledge which I attempted to redeem in 3853 , but which , however , I abandoned npon your promise "to bring it on in the following Bession . Yon did bring it on in March , and I seconded it . That was in March 1834 ; and you endeaToured to create a strong feeling of hostility against me from that time . You persuaded your friends that my act was Tery indiscreet , and 1 was threatened with the I 033 of mi
Beat . At the close of the session , howeTer , I tendered my resignation , making my difference with you upon the Repeal POLICY the principal ground , bnt my resignation was refused , and my conduct was highly approyed of . Not only was my resignation xefu 3 ed in 1834 , but in the following year , twenty-two months after my disobedience , I was again elected , and more triumphantly than before , and I again pledged myself to bring the question on sessionally . I was unseated , howeTer that year , by the most base and dastardly conspiracy of the Irish . Liberal Members , otherwise 1
would haTe redeemed my pledge ; indeed I was asaisted out of the House to prevent me doing so . . Now , I mention these things for this purposebecause yoa now represent the constituency that I created at my own expense , and by super-human labour . That Tery constituency , whose commands I obeyed , and whose plaudits I so often reoeited , the 2 esp £ ctablb portion of whom neTer were Repealers , and who are now loud in their denunciation of my impolicy in having obeyed ibeir commands , and for redeeming my pledges . As my imprudence in bringing
the question of Repeal before the House of Commons has been continuously urged against me as a mortal an I think I may in turn ask , when it wonld haTe been brought forward had I not sinned 1 and why it has not since been heard of within the walls of St . Stephen ' s ? After I was nnseated , the Irish game was all in your own hands , and having deprived me of the adTantage of defending myself , in the only place where I could meet you on equal terms , you { gave my imprudence a most subtle twist . Yon said that Ireland neTer could
carry the Repeal until th e English people were with her , and that the question should not haTe been brought on until tou had soused England upon the subject . The next yexr you were to haTe experimentalised npon the English mind ; yon were to haTe tested Englishmen upon the principles of Bepeal . You were Tery anxiously looked for , and , Id ! yon came and told the people of Liverpool that you were commissioned by the Irish people ( who bj the way , turned out to t > e one or two unknown
Toiee ?) j to abandon the Repeal question , that yon Might go in pursuit of "Justice to . Ireland . " And now the question that I am about to ask is , How far the failure of all hope in Whig jnstice did , during their tenure of office , ronse you and Ireland to a sense of your foll y ? I begin not from your alliance with the Whigs , but from the commencement of theii rule , and what do I find t Why , that the Tery acts of iho 3 e same Whigs constitate your stock-in-trade of grievances .
As you haTe now made the Repeal a mere party qnesfion , I shall compare the acts of the Whigs from 1832 to 1841 inclusive , with those of the nnreformed Tories from 1822 to 1831 . Yob complain that the Wiaga gave Ireland » BCanty measure of Reform , Coercion , a bad Municipal Bill , a bad Poor Law Bill , a bad Tithe Bill , and a scanty pittance for the support of Majnooth College , and inadequate patronage to Roman Catholics . Now , curious to say , those are all measures of the Whigs , and are all most Tiralentl y assailed by yon .
The Tory measures , during their ten years of onrefonned goTernment , were : The Tythe Commutation SHI , by which Protestants were compelled to pay for their grass land ; the Equalization of ti » County Rates , a measure of immense importance to poor farmera ; the Petty Sessions Bill ; we Constabulary Bill , —not the Police Bill , that was another Whig act ; the Sub-letting Acts ; the &epeal of the Test and Corporation Acts ; the Emancipation Act ; and now a promise of more tttenaTe endowment of Maynooth College , and certainly enough of promise , or hint , to rouse the ire , anger , suspicion , and reproach of the whole High Church party .
2 * ow , Sir , all that yon boast of , you say that Ireland wrung from the fears of the Tory party ; * tt that you complain of , you haTe extracted from the justice of the Whigs j so that I think Ireland ha 3 more to expect from Tory fear than from Whig justice or affection . I open thus largely , but I mean to follow up the subjectby showing the interests of Ireland haTe neTer fceen once thought of so long as the Whigs were capable of stopping all your mouths with pelf * ° d patronage . During the whole tenor of your allianee with the Whigs they were preparing their Machinery , consisting of force and fraud , to crush the Repeal moTementj machinery which you knew JfcBst at no Tery remote period , pass otct to Tory ^ aaagement .
I come then to the natural , nay , to the only condns 5 l > B , that the cry of Repeal " is intended as a flf 8115 * ° 5 ecore Government patronage , and that if * ae Whi gs were in power to-morrow , we should not 7 ^** an other word npon the subject , at least jour lips . These are my principal £ ronnds for opposing their restoration : —out of Po ^ er yon must go on , in power yon would not fcore . Out of power the Whigs will sanction , nay , Partially back jobj in power they would hare tbe
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support of the Tories to crush the Repeal moTement if yon dared to push it . Repeal is what you profess to want ; Federalism what yon will accept as an instalment ; and yet you know that Russell wonld oppose both the one and the other with as much resolution and determination as Peel . Hence , if even Federalism is but a stepping-stone ; and if RuBsell will not allow you to plant that in the Repeal stream , Ireland has nothing to expect from the restoration of the Whigs . I admit that you haTe much to expect from a Wbig Government ; because no man , not even Lord Grey , has
permanently provided for a larger number of his friends and relatives than yon have ; and your patronage would increase in proportion to Whig dependency upon the support of Irish Liberal Members ; one and all of whom would be rather fluttered than insulted by being let off the extreme principle upon which they were elected . You haTe not more than three sincere Repealers in your whole batch . Colonel Bmler , Henry Grattan , and Edward Roche are the only Repeal Members ; and forcetsixty more to take the pledge fo »* eeat , and they will cheerfully abandon it without patronage , and repudiate it for a sop or a title .
I have shown sufficient cause why Ireland should not moderate her tone and demands for no better prospect than the restoration of the Whig party ; and now I will inform you why the English people WILL NOT DO SO . I adopt this course in consequence of the Tery artful policy yoa meant to pursue . The policy of testing the English people upon the subject of Ministerial Impeachment ; a policy by which you suppese you would be enabled to persuade the Irish people that the English were opposed to them upon the question of Repeal , and thus you would be enabled to return with a fresh grievance and new food for national rancour , together with a plausible pretext for increased appeals for funds to meet English hostility .
I shall now consider this question of Impeachment in its Tarious features . Firstly , you know that you talk childish nonsense when yon mention the subject . You know that although Lord John Russell has said that you had not a fair trial , that yet he would not be a party to Impeaching a Minister for its mere subsequent failure . Secondly , you know that you ask a large majority to Impeach their own chief . Thirdly , yonr trial does not stand first on the Cause List . If we are to haTe Impeachments , let us begin at the top , and go fairly through the " Cause List . "
No . 1 . Impeachment of the Whigs , for the Irish Coercion . No . 2 . Impeachment of both'Whigs and Tories , for the Poor Law Amendment Act . ( Before what tribunal would yon impeach them ?) No . 3 . Impeachment of Lord Campbell , for putting Frost , Williams , and Jones upon their trial , contrary to all the forms of law and existing
statutes , while two of the three Jndges who tried the case were of opinion that the trial ought not to proceed . No . 4 . Impeachment of the Whigs , for incarcerating more than five hundred poor men for acts which a majority of the English Judges , together with Lords D ^ cman , Cottennam , and Campbell , in giving judgment in your case , declared were not illegal .
No . 5 . Impeachment of the Whigs , Daniel O'Connell , and the Irish Liberal Members , for detaining five hundred poor men in prison upon the mere castjug vote of the Speaker , a Whig Speaker ; while it is the uniform practice of Speakers , upon giving a casting vote , to vote against the Government . No . 6 . The Impeachment of Lord Campbell , for examining witnesses whom he knew to be suborned , and for rel ying npon evidence which he knew to be false , for the conviction of men because they were Chartists . No . 7 . Impeachment of Lord John Russell , for arming the middle classes to shoot the people .
No . 8 . Impeachment of the Whigs , for pardoning and appointing to office Canadian rebels taken with arms in their hands , and fighting against the Queen ' s troops , while the same Whigs transported Frost , Williams , and Jones to a penal settlement for being fired at by the Queen ' s troops . No . 9 . Impeachment of the Irish Repeal Members , who acquired seats in the House of Commons npon the pledge to support the Repeal as the only measure that can insure justice to Ireland , and who sold their seats for titles , offices , and emoluments , and who , notwithstanding the ciQ made upon all true-hearted Irishmen to rally for Repeal and to join the Association , hare not , one single one of them , responded to that call , bnt ¦ are to be fonnd in the ranks of the offensive neutrals .
No . 11 . Impeachment of the Whigs for packing juries of interested masters to try their workmen . No . 19 . Impeachment of Erskine , a Whig Judge , for sentencing English working men to four years imprisonment and labour for amisdeme&our . No . 13 . Impeachment of Lord Normanby , Whig Home Secretary , for allowing two of the same to die in priEon after representations requiring their liberation had been made by the Visiting Magistrates and medical attendants : and then ,
No . 14 , —if you will , —Impeachment of the Tory Minister asd the Irish Justices of the Queen ' s Beach , Mr . Recorder Shaw , and Mr . Attorney-General Smith , for having nnjuBtlv procured the conviction of Daniel O'Connell and others , and for having illegally confined them in the Richmond Penetentiary . Now , Sir , that ' s the fair rotation in which Impeachments are to proceed ; and if you require a case in point , one strictly analogous to yonr own ,
here it is . Fenton was detained in prison for seven months , and when brought up to receive judgment , he was discharged , upon the ground that the count upon which he had been convicted was , firstly , a bad count ; and , secondly , that the . charge was no crime . Now , if laws are to be equally administered to the rich and the poor , how is this poor shoemaker to be compensated for the loss of his seven months liberty and wages , and hard labour in prison i
So much , Sir , npon the question of Impeachment . In my next I shall adduce good and sufficient reasons why the English people should not join in any agitation which has for its aim and end the restoration of the Whigs to power . I shall show that it Wunld stultify their eTery preTiouB act . That it would destroy confidence in their own means to achieTe their own glorious end , —the regeneration of both England and Ireland . Yes , Sir ; and though you haTe made me a present to the English people , 1 Bhall , before I close our correspondence , prore to Irishmen , that , while I have faithfully served those
who have cheerfully rewired me , I have never for * gotten my own oonntry . Perhaps the greatest contest that ever this world witnessed is now at hand ; and being the only individual npon earth who has been able to preserve his consistency and position while contending against your policy , I rely npon trnth , npon justice , upon energy , consistency , and courage , to carry me triumphantly through the struggle . I will go with you to the death for Repeal , and for Ireland for the Irish : bnt I will resist the march of Federal
ism , because you and Ireland have repudiated it upon just grounds . Because I know that it means the sale of the Irish people to your 300 wealth preservators , and your other body analogous to , but having more power than , the House of Lords . Because I am convinced that it is at bottom bnt a Whig cry , to the end that the chosen few may be placemen , and the struggling many , who haTe dearly paid for their freedom , may be flares . Your obedient Servant , EftUWH 0 'COKHOB ,
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TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS . Mt Dkab Friends , —As 1 dare say you will sse reports of some of the magnificent meetings that 1 hare attended within the last ten days , 1 shall merely offer a few comments ujion matters which may possibly be otherwise omitted .
NEWCASTLE . On Thursday last 1 attended a meeting in Newcastle , which was a bumper " : our valued and indomitable friend Mr . Roberts in the chair ; and as the subject annouBoed was a Repeal of the Union , my own gallant countrymen attended in great numbers . Some parties who have been ruined bt pushing the Start did all that lay in their power to make the meeting a failure ; while the Free Traders put their champion , Mr . Wm . Thomason forward to oppose me , but it was all to no purpose . I was assured that Chartism was completely dead in Newcastle , but never , not even in 1839 , did I ever witness bo good or determined a Chartist spirit as sow exists in this locality . Every attempt has been made to destroy our movement ; but a few good honest working men have braved all difficulties , and Chartbm has become the religious
creed of the working classes . At the close of the meeting , Thomason bronghtin his charges against me . The one , that mt friends had charged him with dishonesty while acting as servant to some society ; the other , that he did not got fair play at a meeting held at Newcastle , on the 5 th of June last , at which I was not present . Now such were the mighty charges that he had against me . He got every fair play from the meeting , but was actually obliged to finish where he began . A unanimous vote of thanks was given to met and my countrymen appeared to be perfectly satisfied with my exposure of the cry of Federalism meaning ; nothing more or Icbs that tbejrestoration of the Whigs ; to which they are oppposed , aud are not prepared to give up Repeal . On Friday , 1 attended a meeting in the Marketplace at
SOUTH SHIELDS . It was got up at a day's notice . 1 spoke to many thousands in the dark , on my way to Sunderland , and found Chartism and anti-Federalism as alive as ever in this glorious Chartist distriot .
SUNDERLAND . From South Shields , 1 proceeded with my friend Beesley to Sunderland , where every spot in the large Arcade Rooms was crammed . Beesley was called to the chair ; and 1 spoke for nearly two hours upon the position of the Chartists ; the promised visit of Mr . ; O'Connell ; and the Repeal of the Union . The front seats were all occupied by Irishmen—strapping fellows , who appear to understand the difference between Repeal and Federalism much better than the Irish leaders do . At the close of my speech , a man named Bruce , an extensive grocer and Sturghe , who had been muttering Eome disapprobation while 1 was speaking , was dragged out
by Bees let , and asked to speak out like a man . He came forward and made some ridiculous observations about my opposing machinery , while 1 used machinery for printing the Star ; the injustice of abusing the Sturgites for not taking the Chartists ' name ; about submitting the Plan of Organisation without the Chartist principles to Tidd Pratt ; and for boasting that 1 had allayed the angry feeling between Englishmen and Irishmen . 1 replied to the gentleman at some length , and to the entire satisfaction of the meeting . A vote of confidence in , and thanks to , me , was passed . We gave three cheers for Repeal and the Charter , and at eleven o ' clock 1 left for Newcastle .
LEEDS . On Sunday night I addressed the people of Leeds , in their splendid Bazaar , which was opened for the first time since , its re-deooration . The train was three quarters of an . hour late , and although many had gone away , the room was completely full when I arrived . Many had come twenty and same thirty miles to the meeting . The spirit was glorious , and as my late arrival had caused some disappointment , I agreed to make amends by addressing the people again on Wednesday night , when we had one of the mo ? tsplendid meetings ever held in the town . The subject being " Repeal , " all my own countrymen mustered in gallant force . I spoke upon the subjoined resolution ; * which was passed unanimously ,
for nearly two hours , and when I concluded David Ross moved the next resolution in one of the most forcible , soul-stirring , and eloquent appeals I ever heard . The other resolution , after a good deal of amicable and good-humoured discussion , was also passed , many voting for au amendment , to the effect that where the contest lay between Whigs and Tories the Chartists should remain neuter . This , however , appeared to the majority to be unsound policy ; and the resolution was carried , after a most friendly working man ' s discussion . At the close , a vote of thanks was given to Ross and myself . We gave three hearty cheers for Repeal and the Charter , in which my countrymen joined most heartily , and the splendid gathering broke up , 1 may truly say highly delighted with the proceedings . —To-night 1 go to
W&kefield , to-morrow night to Bradford ; and thus in less than ten days . l shall have te ted Manchester , Newcastle , South Shields , Sunderland , Leeds , Wakefield , and Bradford , upon the policy the Chartists should poraue with respect to Mr . O'Connell ' s promised visit . 1 shall shortly visit Holmfirth , Huddersfield , Halifax , Hull , Keighley , York , Lancashire , Norwich , Bath , Bristol , Wales , and then to Scotland for the same purpose : and thus having done my duty , I Bhall be prepared for carrying the resolution of the English and the Irish into effect You do not see , as I do , through the cunniDg of testice the English people upon a mere unimportant question—this certainty of the present movement merging into a Whig and Repeal alliance , the meaning of which is Whig patronage : or should that fail , better grounds for fresh appeals to Irishb ^^ a «> ft «** Pi&i Lj ^ w * »^* f \* fcfcfc »*** -A n 1 A » m # » \\ nm / lUA * «« n against cjigiisnmen long
^^ men . . as , nowever , as we firmly stand by principle we must suoceed . The moment we swerve but a hair ' sbreadth thelsuperstructure that cost us years , and torture , and persecution , and blood , and money to erect , totters at once to the ground , and Chartism would be a mere wreck , the monument of our weakness . I must fall , however , before the temple shall be razed . The alliance is going on . The West Briton Spring Rice is in the field . The " real old goat" Charlemont 13 once more to be the leader of the confederated Volunteers . We'll beat them all if we are but true to ourselves , and ibishmen shall HATE IRELAND , AND ENGLISHMEN ENGLAND . NO SURRENDER is my motto . Onward and we conquer , Backward and we fall . Ever your devoted friend , FeabgUo O'Connob .
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* "Resolved , —That we , the working classes of Leeds , in public meeting assembled , do hereby most unequivocally deny the assertion , that the English people nave ever directly or indirectly been parties to the oppression or misrule of their Irish Brethren . That we fully participate in the rejoicings of the Iriab people for the triumph of Daniel O'Connell and his brother martyrs over the Tory conspiracy of which they were made the victims . That having very fully considered the question of a Bepeal of the Legislative Union , we are ready and willing to join the Irish people for its accomplishment , being convinced that the Interests of both countries require separate and distinct legislation for the development of their domestic resources and for the wiser government of their respective people .
That should Mr . O'Connell visit England with » view to test the English people upon the qaeBtion of a * Bepeal of the Union , ' we pledge ourselves to give to the measure , as we understand it , &ur most untiring and sincere support ; but , upon the other band , should he visit us for the purpose of creating a fealing in favour of the Whig party , we will not waste our national strength in an endeavour to raise our own dead from that grave to which popular indignation consigned them . That we do not consider the impeachment of a strong government practicable until the whole people shall be fully , freely , and fairly represented in the Commons House of Parliament , and therefore we will sot join in such a delusion , lest it should entail upon us the ridicule of the Irish and the contempt of
the Englisb people . That the illegal trial of Frost , Williams , and Jones , after two of the judges by whom they were tried had declared its llegality—that themurder of Clayton and Holberry , the imprisonment and hard labour of English working men , for four year ? , ' for nitre political offences—the arming of the middle classes by Lord John Russell for the suppression of pnblio opinion—the enactment of the Poor Law Amendment Aot and the IriBh Coercion Bill—the detention of 500 working men upon the casting vote of the Speaker—the picking of middle class juries to try working men—the subornation of witnesses and
employment of spies , together with many other unconstitutional acts of the Whigs , equally call for impeachment , which , however , in the present fltate of representation we could not hope to succeed in . That however whimsically' the Ir'tfi people may be diverted from the pursuit of a Repeal of the Union to insure the co-operation of the Orange faction for the attainment of what is called Federalism , we , who think and judge , and speak and act for ourselves , cannot be bo easily lured from the consideration of a question which we d o understand , to the con * sideration of one' which no one appears to understand , Tb » t the people of England have no religious
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prejudices against their Irish brethren , and never have , as has beep falsely reported , jaised , or joined in the No Popery' cry , which has been raised by our ene mlbs for the preservation of party power . That we abominate a State Church , of whatever denomination , and are favourable to the voluntary ay stem , allowing all religionists to pay their own priesthood according to their deserts . That we are ready to aid our Irish brethren in their glorious struggle for a domestic legislature , without clogging the question with English principles , in the belief that the wisdom of the Irish people would complete tfeeir triumph by demanding the right of Universal Bspresentation , without which , government is a mockery , law a farce , and justice a mere delusion . That although a portion of the Irish press
and Irish leaders have laboured industriously to perpetuate animosity between the working classes of the two countries , we are nevertheless resolved to stand by the Irish people , and should any unconstitutional means be resorted to for the suppression of public opinion in Ireland , we pledge ourselves to resist the injustice by all the constitutional means in our power . That ( is the , salvation of both countries may materially depend upon the wisdou ef ear policy in the forthcoming experiment to test the English people upon the restoration of the Wbigs to power , we have thus , in the outset , put our opinion upon record , and invite the working classes in each oity , town , and district to prepare for the struggle by the immediate adoption of the foregoing reaolntion , should it meet their approbation .
" That the Secretary be directed to forward the foregoing resalution to the Nation , Freeman ' s Journal , Monitor , and World newspapers for insertion . " That we deem it to be the duty of Chartist voters , at the forthcoming municipal elections , to co-operate with either of the other parties in the return of Chartist members to the Council , and as it is indispensable to create all possible confusion in the ranks of our political opponents , we deem it to be the policy of the Chartists to prefer Whig to Tory candidates , in all cases where the contest is between a Whig and a Tory . We recommend this policy for the purpose of depriving a Tory Government of that strength which a congenial Corporation musk inevitably coufer upon it , and in the hope ; that the day is not far distant when those now calling themselves Liberals may have the means of aiding democratic movements , and of opposing the march of Toryism and centralisation which is now making rapid and destructive strides .
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TO THE CHARTIST BODY GENERALLY AND THE CHARTISTS OF THE METROPOLIS IN PARTICULAR . Friends , —At the fraternal banquet held at Highbury Barn , to celebrate the proclamation of the French Republic , » nd of which I was the Chairman , the following resolution was carried ;— " That this meeting request that each of the Democratic sections taking part in or approving of this meeting , be requested to appoint one individual to form a Committee , with the view of promoting the principle of national fraternization . " A second resolution was likewise carried , which required "That the Chairman present this resolution to the different sections . "
In compliance with the above resolutions , I now request the Chartist body to take into their consideration the above important question ; and to enable them to do so , I shall briefly explain the objcets and end of such a proposition . For the first time 1 believe in this country the majority of European nations were assembled together , in consequence of the natives of each country being represented at Highbury Barb . ; and during the brief intercommunion which was afforded us many new facts were elicited , and much erroneous impression removed . We met ; we knew each other ; and we became Democratic brothers . National jealousy , educational prejudice , and all animosity fostered by kings , priests , and lords , fell before the
all-powerful genius of Democracy . It was proved to the Governments of Europe that , whatever difference and hate might be engendered between nation and nation by their policy , ambition , or self-interest , the right-thinking men of all nations now bending under the yoke of oppression looked upon each other , and were resolved to live with each other , as members of odo great family , all of whom were equally outitled to enjoy the same liberty—to exercise equal rights , aud without distinction in language , or difference in creed or colour , to be able to declare that they were not only born equal , but were determined to live equal in the eye of nature and of God . There could not have been a more cheering declaration made , nor could the time have been better
chosen to make it , than when kings were conspiring to crush the rising independence of every land . When kings unite Democracy should fraternize . Wherefore it was' that an idea arose upon the spur of the momenv , that it would be advisable to devise safe and legal means to perpetuate this good understanding by frequent intercourse and frequent meetings of the Democrats of all nations . The means of doing so are , clearly , to call together the representatives of ail sections . The object is not political , b < 3 t social , benevolent , instructive , aud above all , to have the means , through the Democratic presa of all countries , of really and
truly learning the progress which is making in the Demooratio movement : a knowledge of which now can only be gathered from the pages of the Tory Times or the Whig Chronicle . The end would be the establishment of a sound fraternal paper , the exchange of sentiment between , nation and nation , and the spread of opinion throughout every landthe planting of the seeds of Democracy in every soil . The chief thing to be avoided , must be the formation of any political union ; and the chief thing to be encouraged , is social intercourse and mutual instruction : in short , a Demooratio club-house , where all nations would meet , and converse , and fraternise one with the other .
Our Foreign brethren—the French , Germans , Italians , Spanish , Swiss , &c—have all made , or are making , their arrangements . The various sections of Socialists , Suffragists , aud Chartists , who have shades of difference from us are likewise on the move ; and although it appears to me immaterial whether one , two , or threo persons go for each , when no political conflict or contention will be permitted , Btill that must be left , with all details , to the discretion of the first preliminary meeting , which 1 shall fix to take place on Friday evening , the 11 th inst ., at eighV o ' clock . Place to be announced .
With the most ardent and sincere wishes for the prosperity of such a noble undertaking , 1 remain , my Friends , Your faitkful Brother in the Cause , P . M . M'Douall .
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THE CHARTISTS OF CARLISLE TO THE MEN OF CUMBERLAND . Brethren in Bondagb , — Anxious as we are to free ourselves from the grasp of avaricious despotism , and wishing as we do to realize Some of those comforts eDJoyed by our forefathers , we at the present time venture to address you , with a view to the establishment of the Association more generally throughout the county . In taking a retrospective view of the Chartist movement , we find that Cumberland , With a few noble
exceptions , ba 3 been very apathetic The cause of this we know not . Tyranny ia no less galling in this than in other parts of the country ; then why should not an effort ba made to throw off the incubus which is crushing so many of us to the earth ? Why should not we be as firmly united as the men of other places ? Surely there is not one amongst yon content to remain in misery and wretchedness , whilst happiness and comfort are within yout reach ? If there be , he ia a heartless , seullesa wretch , and as such ought to be looked upon by every member of Boclety .
Never was there a time when union was more required than at present Misrule exists to as fearful an extent now as It did at any former period , and all for the want of a proper representation of the people in the national legislature . The success of our holy cause lies in the union of the people ; itherefore , te be united ought to be our grand ebject To this end an lificient plan of organfaition has been devised , conciaa , yet Clear ; and simple , yet practical ! Nothing is required but to put the plan into full operation , to secure the object therein , set forth —viz . the enactment of the People ' s Charter by peaceful , legal , and constitutional means .
In conclusion , we call npon yon to come forward , and enlist under the banner of pure constitutional Re * form . Our prospects are at present , most cheering . The various interssts in the state are fast dividing , while Chartism remains indestructabie and unvanqaishable . Let ns , therefore , throw to the winds out apathy . Let unity be our watchword , and our efforts must ultimately be crowned with success . In behalf of the Council of the above body , John Iowrv , Sub-Sec . P . S . —Any town or villa&a in Cumberland wishing to be represented at a county delegate meeting , which is anticipated to be held shortly , must correspond with Joan Lomy , Bioad Guards / Caldewgate .
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from one to forty shares at five shillings each ; they have now a capital of £ 800 . They have opened stores in Droyl 8 den , Openshaw . jand Ashton , and they are preparing to open another at Oidhara . They employ six men and give good Wages . The last time they divided their prodta they drew more than thirty per cent . The society is rapidly increasing , and there has been as much as £ 67 paid in on shares in one week . They advisa the working ; men in all other towns to follow tbeir example , and persons wishing to do so , may have a copy of their ] rules by writing to the Cooperative Store , Ashton-under-Lyne . —Correspondent
PENZANCE , ( Cobnwall . ) — Mr . Christopher Doyle . of Alanohester , arrived in this town on Saturday . The town was placarded for a lecture on Monday evening , in Mr . O'Brien ' s Temperance Hotel , on " the Rights of Labour , " The meeting was a bumper . The feeling created will not soon subside ; our numbers have been ! augmented , and our funds increased . Mr . Doyle is the very man to suit this county . i © ATESHEAD . —We are happy to learn that Mr . William Cook , of the Blue Boll Inn , Gateahead , ( the gentleman who presided ] at the Guildhall meet ing for the return of Frost , Williams , aud Jones , on Monday week ) , intends to come forward as a candidate for the oflice of Town Councillor in that borough . We hope be will succeed ; and that the Chartists of every other borough in Britain , will use their every effort to return as many Chartists as possible , at the forthcoming municipal elections .
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London . —A general meeting of the Shareholders of the City Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , will be held in the Coffee room ; on Sunday morning aext , at half-past ten o ' clock , i The Adjournpd Discussion on the question , Will a Repeal of the Legislative Union be equally beneficial to England as to Ireland ! will be resumed in the Hall at half-past ten o'clock . —In the evening at seven , a lecture will be delivered by a talented advocate . Marylebone . —Mr . M'Grath will deliver a lecture at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , New-road ( up stairs ) , at halt-past seven o ' clock on Sunday evening next . On Tuesday evening next , at the above place , an Harmonic Meeting will ! be hold for the benefit of Jenkin Morgan , to commence at eight o ' clook .
Hammersihth . —A meeting will be held at the Dun Cow , Brook , Green-lapo , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock , i Lambeth and Southwark . —Mr . Skelton will deliver a lecture in St . Ga ' orge's Temperance Hail , on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clock . Cam » ekwell and Walworth . —A meeting will be held at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth , on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Dr . M'Dooall will lecture in the City Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane ; on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clook . ¦
Crayford . Kent . —Dr . M'Douall and T . M . Wheeler , will attend a public meeting at the Bull ' s Head Inn , on Monday evening next . Chair to be taken at seven o ' clock . ' Mr . Doyle ' s Route ) for tho ensuing week : — Sunday , 6 th October , camp meeting , at Penzanoe ; Monday , 7 th , Mr . O'Brien ' s large room , ditto ; Tuesday , 8 th , Hayle ; Wednesday , 9 th , Camborne ; Thursday , 10 ; h , i ' ruro ; Friday , 11 th , Redruth ; Sunday and Monday , 13-h and 14 th , Plymouth ; Tuesday , 15 th , Tavistook ; Wednesday , 16 th , Barnsfaple ; Thursday , Itch , Bidefard ; Friday , 18 th , Southmolton ; and on Saturday , 1 t : h , Tiverton . Mr . Doyle begs that the friends in each locality will make the necessary arrangements in order to insure good meetings . He also begs to state that he has been actively engaged daring the Ia 9 t three weeks , in lecturing to his demooratio friends of South Wales , Bristol , Trowbridge , and a portion of Cornwall , and has had Rood meetings .
Rochdale . —Mr . Ambrose Hirst , of Oldham , will lecture at the Association Room , Mill-street , on Sunday next , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and at half-past five in the evening . Oldham . —On Sunday , ( . to-morrow ) , Mr . F . A . on Taylor will deliver the first of a course of lectures " the life and character of Voltaire , " in the Char dst Room ; Greaves-street , to commence at six o ' clock in the evening . A members' meeting will be held at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Nottingham . —Mr . Yates , of the Staffordshire Potteries , ( late of the Millbank Penitentiary , ) and Mr . S . Bevington , will address the people of Nottingham , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock , in the Democratic Chapel , i Halifax —Mr . Baldwin will lecture in ; he Working Men's Hall , on Sunday next , at half-past six in the evening . |
The West Riding Delegate Meeting will be holden on Sunday , ( tomorrow ) , in the Working Men ' s Hall , Bull Close-lane . Chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon .
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Lyhington , Hampshire . —Oa Monday evening soon after nine o ' clock , an alarm was given that a fire was raging at Pilly , about tvto miles from this town . Upon arriving at the scene of devastation , we discovered that two cottages , a barn containing a quantity of wheat , hayrrioks , cart-houses , &o . belonging to Mr . Gosling , { were completely enveloped in flames , and that any attempt to save a portion of the property was useless , and ia a short time the whole was levelled to the ground . The fire was so rapid in its progress , that the inmates of the cottages had only time to escape from being burnt to death . A reward of oneihundred guineas is offered for the conviction of the offender . Child Killed . —An inquest was held on Monday
afternoon , before Mr . Rogerson , at the Brewers ' Arms , Chapel-lane , Wigan , oil the body of a child , twenty-two months old ; named George Tarbuck , who was killed by a cart passing over him on Saturday morning . From the ; evidence of the witnesses , it appeared that about half-past eleven o ' clock on the morning stated , two carts , belonging to Messrs . E , and J . Green , carriers , were passing along Chapellane , laden with slack , one of them from ten to twenty yards in advance : of the other ; and , when near the entrance to Harrogate , the first cart came in contaot with the child , knocked it down , and one of the wheels passed over its head , killing it upon
the spot . Joseph Wilkinson , the man who ought to have been in charge of the conveyance , was , at the time oftthe accident , in conversation with his brother carter , about fifteen yards behind his own horses , and consequently not attending to them . Tho jury , after a prolonged and careful examination into the facts of the case , returned a verdict of " Manslaughter" against Wilkinson , and he was accordingly committed by the Coroner to take his trial at the next Liverpool assiaes . Deceased ' s father , William Tarbuck , ia a ! nail maker , residing in Chapel-lane ; he follows ; his occupation at Haigh , near Wigan . i
Mb . Waklet , the Police Magistrates and the Home Office—Tuesday forenoon Mr . Wakley , M . P ., and a jury of fourteen parishioners , resumed , at the Warwiqk Arms , Warwick-road , Kensington , the inquiry adjourned from the preceding Monday , relative to the death of George Benson , aged 2 * 2 , late a labourer employed at Mr . Pye ' s saw mills , Chelsea , who was killed in a pugilistic encounter . Mr . Wolfe , from Mr . Flower ' s office ^ attended on behalf of the principal prisoner , Henry Jones . The seconds in the fight were not represented by any legal person . The Coroner—( addressing Inspector Morgan , of the T division )—I wish to know the state of the case as regards the parties that have been committed by the magistrate . Inspector Morgan—I saw Mr . Paynter ,
the magistrate , and told ; him that you wished that the prisoners should be remanded to Tuesday next , and not finally committed . He answered that he was not aware of any law that gave him the power of sending them before you . The Coroner : I did not ask him to send them ; I merely asked him to remand them , in order that I might take steps to have them presant here now . The Inspector : He has committed them for wilful murder in default of bail , £ 100 each , and two sureties of £ 50 . The Coroner then told the jury that since they met on Thursday last , whilst the prisoners were still ia the-hands of the magistrate at the Hammersmith police court , he went to the Home office , and , Sir J . Graham being absent , he saw Mr . Manners Sutton , the under-secretory , and stated to him the exact position of the inquiry , whit had been done in that court , and that the prisoners were then before the
magistrates , and that application should be made to the latter , in order that they might remand the prisoners , Mr . Sutton referred to a letter written by the Home Secretary ; two years ago , in a case similar to the prosent , in ' which Sir J . Graham said he should not interfere with the magistrates . The coroner then explained to the jury the praotico adopted between him and the Home-office sinoe his election as ooroaer about five years and a half since , and in doing so , said that when Lords Normanby and Russell were Home ] Secretaries , be met with no suoh difficulty regarding the presence in his court of remanded prisoners . The difficulty originated with Sir J . Giaharo , or perchance , it would be correct to surmise * With some of his subordinates . He was resolved that the ( present inquiry , without the presence of the accused , should not be turned into a precedent , and though he ] now , under existing cir-
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^ ^^^ ' ^^ f ^ r e ^ m ^ <* umstance 3 , thought it might'Ifceflsone into-withmifc prejudice to the accused , he woui < 1 leave the matter to the discretion of the jury . Tho jury then con * suited , and agreed to go on with the inquiry . Joba Browning ( a labourer ' s lad ) examined : In the morning of Sunday week , I saw two men fighting near tho Kennington canal basin . There were a dozen other persons present . The men had seconds . They fought in . their shirts about eight or nine rounds . There was but one knock-down blow , and that was in tho last round . There was no cry of foul . No fool play at all . No hitting whilst down . No kicking , nor a blow struck below the waistband . The men
did not threaten each other . Neither said to tho other , I will murder you or kill you if I can . Coroner—State how the last ronnd ended . Witness —The man that is alive hit the other on the breast and then on the left ear . The man now dead then said , "lam done . " He said so when falling , after the blow on the ear . He fell first on his hands , then opened out his arms , and sank down on his face . When he received the blow he was standing . Both men were squaring at each other . The Coroner —After deceased fell , what was done ! Witness—His second ( Wm . Benson , his brother ) put him oa his knee . Jones ( who fought with him ) taid , ' Is there > any fear ? " The second said , " I think there is : go for a doctor . " Jonosand two other men ran for one , and came back again with the doctor . After tho doctor came , deceased wajj taken to the Warwick Arms *
Jones and the other men wero going with him . George Lewis and John Kobshaw , who saw the light , gave similar evidence . It was then proved that all the parties concerned gave themselves up voluntarily to the police , and expressed the greatest regret at what had occurred . Evidence was also called to s-how that tha combatants fought without either exhibiting malice aforethought towards each other . This being the whole of theevideaco , the jury deliberated with closed doors , and in half an hour returned the following verdict : — " We find that the deceased George Benson came by his death from an nadvertent blow , given in a fight by Henry Jones . Ai the same time we express our censure ot the indignity exhibited towards the jury by the magistrates , in committing the prisoners for murder , before they had been brought to the Coroner ' s court . The inquiry lasted four and a half hours .
Inquests before John Blackburn , Efq . —Oa Monuay morning , at the Clarendon Inn , Victoria Road , oa the body of George Walton , aged 37 , a cloth dresser , residing ia School-Close , who diedsuddenty on Saturday evening , without any previous illness . Verdict— " Died by the visitation of God . ** On the same day at the Court-House , on the body of a little boy , 5 years of age , named Thomas Archer , whose parents reside in Troy-&tre < n , West End , and wbose death arose from injuries occasioned by his clothes taking fire at a bonfire , on St . Peter ' s Hill , around which he and his companions were playing on Saturday n ^ ght . He died in the Infirmary on Sunday . Verdict— " Accidental Death . " Jamis Cockbubn Belaney . —An inquiry was
instituted before the magistrates at BeUbrd , on Tuesday last , respecting the burning of the property belonging to James Cockburn Belaney , and tho breaches of the peace committed at North Sunderland , as stated in our last . Mr . Belaney , accompanied by , his brother , the Reverend Mr . Belaney , and Mr Abbs his solicitor , were present during the inquiry * and it is understood that steps have been taken to sue the hundred for the amount of the damage . The dwelling destroyed is not the romantio mansion of Be ' anpy , on the edge of the cliff , but a farmhouse , where he had been residing , and which belonged to the trustees of the late Lord Crewe , and it ia said tobe insured . Balaney ' s new house is knows by the name of the" Cave , " and it has beep built bo close to the Beathat the spray will , in a storm , blow against the windows . It is a curious place . The soil has been cutaway from the top of the rook
ou which it is built , and , so far had this to bo done , that the roof of the house is nearly level with a bi ^ b wall , so that no one can obtain entrance to it but by descending a flight of aboui twenty-one steps , and then the door , instead of swinging oa hinges , is made , like a portcullis , to draw up into the wall . Tho sea view is , of course , extensive , and the situation would seem not a disagreeable one in summer , but during the blasts of winter it must be exceedingly cold and dreary . What trifling furniture was saved from the fire was on Monday conveyed ia a care to Aytoun , about ten miles north of Berwickupon-Tweed , where Belan 6 y's father resides . So universal would seem to be the feeling excited in the ease of this unhappy individual , that it is stated his London solicitor , having been recognised the otker day at Doncaster races , was attacked by tho mob , and actually ducked in a pond . —Newcastle Journal ,
Dreadful Mchdeb nkab Boboughbuidge . —On Saturday evening last , about half-past six . o ' clock , as Mr . Wm . Iuchbold , farmer , of Low Dunsforth , was returning homo from Boroughbridge market , he was twioe shot at by a man who had concealed himself behind a dung-neap . The contents of the first charge were lodged in the back of ; Mr -. Inchboldj and those of the second dreadfully shatteredhis side . He was afterwards found and conveyed home , where he lingered in great agony until Mondaj , when he expired . An inquest has been held on the body , before John Wood , Esq ., coroner , of this city , which was adjourned until Thursday . We understand that a reward of j £ 20 has been ofiVed for the apprehension of the murderer . A person , who bears a very indifferent character , and woo has absconded from Boroughbridge , is supposed to have been the assassin .
The Banbobt Mitbder . —Apprehension or the supposed Murdebers . —Ar the last Banbary Races , the body of a man named Samuel Newman was found in a pool near the race-ground , under circumstances which led to the belief that he had coma by his death from foul play . Suspicion fell upon three parsons , two men and a woman , one of tho former of whom was ' known as Gloucester Bill , and tho latter as Gloucester Eliza . A description of their persons appeared in the Hue and Cr # , and the following circumstances led to the apprehension of Bill and Eliza in this city , this week : —A young man , a stranger , was sitting one evening in tho Bunch of Grapes public-house , when the circumstauce of the advertisement having ( been alluded to
iu the presence of a policeman , he said that he knew ( he parties , and could tell where they could be found . This led to fcs . ther conversation , and the result was , the man antl Woman Were apprehended in a lodging-house in Lt > atherboUle-lane , the same evening . The prisoners were taken before the magistrates , and remanded to allow time to correspond with the authorities at- Ban bury . This haying been done , an officer was despatched to this oity , who identified the prisoners as the persons suspected of the robbery and murder , and they were removed yesterday in custody to Banbury . The person who gave the information is also in custody , as a precautionary measure . The information he communicates is to-the following eflBwjt : —He had gone to M& ? mesbury races , and as he waa wanderinz
about the race-course ho saw Gloucester Bill standing under the Grand Stand . The woman was there also , and after conversing with them a little they all went towards the town . On their way the woman remarked that she did not like to go much into towns , because she and Bill had murdered a man . She said they had met him in a booth , and as Bill and another person who was with him intended to rob him , they attempted to throw him down . In the struggle Bill fell undermost , and the other person ran off with the man ' s bat and sold it . The story , as thus told , is incoherent and not like truth . The woman ' s name is Effzi Ciuer ; she is well known in , Gloucester . At one time she was confined for two years in our city gaol for a robbery . Gloucester Bill is also well known to the police . —Gloucester Chronicle .
Alakming Accident . —An occurrence which It is to he apprehended was attended with loss of life , took place yesterday evening , about eight o ' clock , when the Jupiter steam vessel' was - leaving Dublin for Cork . At the time we have specified , several persons who had been on board t © Bee some of the passengers were standing in the gaugway forming the passage between the quav and th- > vessel . The vessel having been turned ahead the gangway slipped from her side , and with its occupants was precipitated into the river . Three persons were . rescued oat of the water . The policemen oa the beat very promptly rendered their assistance , apd under their direction , aud with their aid , the river was dragged , but no person was found . Our reporter learned from a person who was present when the occurrence took place , that , in his opinion , there were more persons on tha gangway' when it fell into the water than were taken out j but he waa unable to ascertain with certainty whether or not
any lives were lost . —Freeman s Journal . A Man Killed Br a Bull . —A man , named Daniel Jones , & tenant of Mr . William Thomas draper , Carmarthen , was tossed by a two-year old ball , on a farm in Llanllawddog parish , on Wednesday . The animal threw him high into the air , and as he fell caught him on his horns and again threw him . His death almost immediately en&ued . Th verdict returned by the coroner ' s jury , ¦ who met at the house of the deceased , Clwtanoochon , was to tho effect that Daniel Jonea had met with his death , but how did not appear in evidence .-- Welshman
A Man Torn to Pieces by a Hobse , —A maa named Murphy , on Monday , was killed by a stallion n , u ' i ° H . w »*« f « d . The man was turning off the high road into the field . . , to make a short cut though advised to turn back , or else he might be killed by a wild horse he should hare to pass . Fatally for himself he trod the " forbidden ground . " In four hours after his body was found torn to pieces . The horse ' s hooft ana . mouth wer « encrusted with the blood of his vict-inr . —2 >« 5 / i « JSven ' ing Mail . - ¦ Accident from MACHiNEHr ,- * -On Tb , < amdtc ^ t t ^ t 9 26 ch uK , Robert , the son ^ t ^ da % O »^ S ^^« fiV Back King-street , Bury , Wii 3 in * 0 * at iac&lljtid ^© . ; 11 Devil room , " at Messrs . ^ pefisnJ ^ ffW ^ lfom- ^;^ hole , when his right arni wastorn raaith ^ eljiHiltffflf ;; . ' by the machine : only one Jiart ;" of ^ e ^ rjp ^ y | t ; : \ r \ been found . The . boyf'Whd is ^ neairenine ^ yifei ^ of ~ l age , remain * in a very dangerous atwe . w- ™ S - ¦'¦> :- £ (¦ ¦ ¦ J . left - ¦ * . l s " -. l < r ~' - ** ** T \ ' a \ --a 2 } - ~
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DR 0 Y 18 DEN—COOPEEATION . —? A jolnt-ltock pro * visiea company has existed here for some time past . The members ate &U working men , who bad taken np
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To Daniel O»Connell, M.P.
TO DANIEL O » CONNELL , M . P .
Cftfltrtt 'Ibit Intelligence*
Cftfltrtt ' iBit intelligence *
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YOL . TIL NO . 360 . SATURDAY . OCTOBER 5 , 1844 . " " " """"^ SSSTJ ^ SSST
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AND LEEDS GENEEAL ADVERTISER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1283/page/1/
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