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Cfcaritet 3Bntentsrnce.
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[HE LAKP I THE LAND !! THE LAND! •!
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TO THE TrOBKiyG CLASSE 3 . JfT Fbik 5 Es , —Because the opinion is now becomo 2 Tery prevalent that a greater " pa > -tc" than the onntij ias jet encountered , i 3 fasi approaching ; , ^ £ 41138 ins eontinnaii ee of snea aa amount of irade is will ensure the tranqnility of the working classes s wholly incompatible with that rule of political conomj which teaches ns that one in every three of i community is well able to supply all the wants of be whole community—and because we hare an ruminate non-consuming prodncing power equal to of
il ^ ht hundred million pair hands , while the population of the globe is bnt little more than eight anndred millions ; "becanse each succeeding ** tjhuc " jijj 5 t increase in calamity , in the exast ratio in shies trade iucreasfS in amount ; because Tioisltndes a a manufacturing gambling countrymnst be sudden , md , therefore , the people ^ a Ken unawares ; becansel laTe on all occasions during my career been made the sc xp ? - £ oat both by Government and those who poald justify themselves at my expense when those sadden chsuges come and the leaders of the people ire expecietf to < 2 o something : because th * strength
j f the popnlar party ha 3 aeTer yet been mirshalled [ n snfiriens time to mould a great national conrulaon to popular requirement ; becanse stringent and opprtsare measures are sare to follow a cessation of labour , as though the working classes—and not those jrho traScked in their interests—had brought want Hid starvation , and woe and desolation , on their own bouse ; because a ** taxic * ' is the signal for a union of all with " a stake in the hedge / 5 and because it should be also the £ ien 3 l for a union of all
jrho demand " a stake in the hedge" ; because- we pEght now to be prepared wi-h an immediate anti * dote for those / periodical poisons administered by tbo B rich oppressor" tha ** poor oppressed" ; and beca . ! 2 « no man li-nng , -frbeiher be tre , -tatesman , pMIosopber , political economist , or state financier , can possiblj suggest any other antidote for the cure of prodaciien by a non-consnHiiDg power , than the lotd ; because of all these things it is that I bow address you on that subject .
Daring a temporary gleam of " prosperity" you have forgottra much that 1 have wiih great pains and labour taoght yon on this subject ; while those who understand nothing whatever of it have used it as a means of destroying mj popularity . ' * Dsn ' t jnix up the Charter with the Land , " was looked Epon as sincere and nnalloyed Chartism ; while the bare mention of the soil was regarded as a part abandonment of the principle of the Charier .. The failure of all RfcTolntiona , whether moral or physical , has arisen from a similar admixture of ignorance and ent&nsiasm . Terror has been but too
tnccesfal in driving common secse from the field . The M £ a > ~ s was every thing ; the e > d nothing '; and hence &s * e the mean 3 bet-n frequently successful , while the end has neTer yet been attained . Piero htioD in America , seventy years 3 go , was the means of ridding the land of its tyrants ; but is is only new that the Americans are beginning to think of the EM ) , which is possession of the ljm > ; and hence ESTenty years of the infancy and manhood of the Republic Lstc been wholly absorbed in an endeavour to frustrate the legitimate bd . It is time that we took a lesson from past experien ce . To hear
lgEoras ; men canTassicg my projc-CE , one would suppose that I had proposed the land scheme S 3 one thai must be adopted by all ; while 4 n fact I bar propped it as a good substitute for the "Poor Law bssnles . " 1 proposed it as the otly free labour market ID lie world , in which man , in his individual capacity , could be a successful competitor against the- application of capital to an inanimate competing power . I proposed it as the antidote to the poison of ceatializanon . 1 proposed it , no . ' for all ,-bnt as a refuge for the destknte : — FrrrJy , as a means of testing the valne of free labour , as compared with slave labour : and
Secondly , as a means of regnlating demand and snpply in the labour market , which is the only legitiniate and unerring standard by which protection can be extended to labour . VThai I proposed was , that if 10 , 0 DO " hands" were employed in performing all the work of a district , and if such an improvement took place in machinery as to enable th . 3 owners to dLpease with 3 , 000 Df those " iands , " the remaining JOvQ shoula be relieved from the competition of 3030 unwilling idlers , whose wants musi necessarily indece them to work
lower than when their labour was indispensable to the pro £ i of ihe masters . I want to allow those 30 D 0 disinherited men to have an option between four lues of land at a fair rea :, and parish relief ; and if another improvement takes place in machinery , by which anoiiier thousand of the seven thousand shall become snrplns , that they also shall be at once re-EJved from the idle reserve of competition to the hsd . Now that is all that I have evtr asked for ; lad I feel convinced that the free labour standard is a belter criterion for the regulation of wage 3 than ihe necessities of an indigent surplns population . 2 am the aore induced to write on the inbject of Saaii Farms in conseqnenee of the importance : now given to it every day , and every where , and bj every
body . Wnen 1 first broached my plan , all , withont distJBcrion , IaTghed oi ichai they icere then pleased to caU my joliy . I thought it a very extraordinary drcamstaiice . that my greatest aDd most inveterate opponents , nay reviiers , should belong to the very das who lament the scarcity of human food . The plan of Small Farms , as a national plan for the cdjuiitnent of wage * in the artiSeial market , is , then , xf Pii > . I propounded the principle , and gave to n the only fascination and inducement which could insure your co-operaticn . Yon would not become knners , perhaps , at first from choice ; but I taught yen , first , lbs nteesshy ; and s - ecoadly , the certain idTiniiges . I hare also writ ^ n a practical worfc on "& . Management of Small Farms .
I hare said that the Enbjtct has now become the r age . All newspapers ; all periodicals ; all orators ; &H Government oficials ; all Lords and J 5 quire 3 eow make the subject one of paramount importance . The Times newspaper stands foremost in its advo-* scy of a portion of the plan , and will presently sdopi the whole . JBnt then mark ; ttie Times but ^ presents the rage . I created i : : and in these days of hvel y and active competition for popubr favour , "While I am thankful for support , I will not snrrender nry patent . The Times newspaper never won ! d i « e been the first to propound the principle : and
t-e fact of iis note doing so , only proves the great ftieastb . it has acquired . 1 have observed that the Tmcs merely supports a branch : namely , the *» allot-* jeds syst « a " : and . as tint system is as old as the i& 5 , 1 "Wish , to guard you against-the notion that it ms everything to do with the Small Farm plan . I &o ready to admit its usefulness ^ as x pslpakatoht school for a further advance . We have ia i& the Taluable admission that the allotmem of small patches of land would be a great advantage to the
fctodfcrs : lul ii has not leen supported or advocated as a y stsns of making man a PEEFECTI . T PKEE LABOrBEB , xorlnng exclusively for his oum profit : acd at the see time conferring great benefit on society at large . -fr . £ Times and the Yousg E > gla > "d party advocate torments ; and that 13 a great £ tep towards the graad priscipk : but then , if the boon stopped-. i £ mr , 1 * trouid either create a greater depsndance on the OTiJ , !{^ £ T if he itf&s a * 7 ia 7 rufacturer , ob ji l > ITn > EI > X £ iKDc 3 i if the landlord of the allotment teas a
fyuirc , and the employer of the occupant a manufacturer . Neither an operatire who works all the & J , cor an agricultural labonrer who works as long & » ii 15 light , can ever beetow enough of labonr on a ss ^ H -plct to enable him either to judge of its real T ^ ce , or of the difference between the labonr expended on it for himself * and the labonr peformed for Ms matter in the artificial labonr market , Hence I slow yen that the friends of the allotment system isTe propounded nothing new . However , I hail ^ fi agitation of the subject as a move towards the 1 % kt thing . in former treatises on the subject of Small f an&i 3 frag confined to illustrations furnished by
™ J ° nn experience and practice ; and ,, being % new subject , I was » ppr * hensiTe that the facts I ad-£ nced might be Euspicionsly received by a community w holly igBoiant of the subject . As my wish h to Tecon nt facts , and only facts , I am now enabled to fnraisii yea with many , some of which 1 haTe seen ^ istlf , Kid olhers I have heard from credible witllesBe s . The fira that I shall state are these that I
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hare witnessed . Mr . John Ardill , my clerk , holds fourteen acres under Mr . Beckett , iLP . for Leeds ; for which he pays rent and taxes £ 5 per acre . This , year he planted some potatoes whole ; some be cut in , two ; and some into common sets . Last week one of his men , David Ellis , and I proceeded to try the j respective produce . We commenced at the point j where the whole potatoes begun , without any pre- : ference ; and in two running yards we due twentyj -
. — — — - — - ^ - ^^ m ^ ^ • ; one poBBds of potatoes . The drills are two feet j ' asunder ; so that at fourpence per stone the value ; 1 was at tho rate of £ 9 $ los . per acre . The half \ I potatoes yielded twenty-one pounds to three yards ; and the common se" . 3 twenty-one pounds to four yards . Ellis and I first measured , and then weighed , the produce . I
I There is now on this farm of fourteen acres , " eleven milch cows , six heifers , one horse , twenty- j ; two pigs , forty rabbits , nineteen hens , twenty-fivo ' tons of hay , one acre of potatoes , half an acre of Swedish turnips , and half an acre of garden . Mr . ; Ardill employs one man through the year at £ 1 1 a-weck , and a lad at 12 s . a-week : and the farm is 1 by no means in good condition yet . It can be made to do more than three times as much as it has done .
- On Sunday last I dined with Mr . Thornton , of Paddock , near Huddersfield , a cloth-dresser , and a credit to his country . This gentleman took an acre and three-quarters of barren moor for an experiment . i He pays £ 7 rent , or £ 4 the acre . Ho has only ' been in possession some two years ; and has had to dig out of his plot scores of waggon loads of stones . He keeps from the acre and three quarters three prime milch cow 3 , and three huge pigs ; one , if fed , would weigh sixty stone . It is an immense brute ; and the other two are large . He has half an acre of splendid Swedish turnips ; a third of an acre in cabbages after potatoes ; a good portion nnder Italian 1 rye gras 3 , ready for the third cutting : and the
whole plot of grass fit to mow , and a very fine crop , ilr . Thornton read for me a minute account of the proceeds , even to the farthing , which stood thus : — Profit , after deducting £ 7 for rent , £ 5 for manure , £ 20 for labour , £ 50 . So that , had he been hisoicn abourer , there would have been a return of £ 70 . The land is not worth more than £ 1 per acre ; and he had no right to charge the whole price of manure to one year ' s expenditure : so that , allowing £ 1 15 s . for rest—more than the value—and £ 2 10 s . for manure yet in the ground , the return for labour and profit woald be £ 77 15 s . The land is wretched : only about five inches of soil on a bottom of stone . Every year he is making it better .
Let us now take stock from thia very bad sample . Mr . Thornton holds seven roads , and makes a return of say £ 77 ; or £ 11 per rood . There are sixteen roods in fouT acres . A man could well work that amount ; and the return from the four acre 3 would be £ i 76 " per annum . I could not have selected a worse sample . One Thornton in each parish would be worth ten thousand manufacturers . A sight of hia pig 33 well worth a walk of twenty miles .
I travelled last night with a working man to Idle . This man holds one of Mr . Stansfield ' s ( the Member for Enddersfield ) allotments of half a rood , Ho pay 3 10 s ., or at the rate of £ 4 per acre . He planted his potatoes on my plan , and sold a portion of them early , but in the open field , at the rate of about £ li 0 per acre ; and his produce was twice and a half greater than that of his neighbours , produced by the ordinary mode of cultivation . This man ^ told me that at the commencement , the neigh ours
laughed at the allotment men ; that some gave op in disgust ; but that note no man would take / oar times the rent for his spot . His expression was : — a 0 ihey love it deariy . " Now that is what I call spnnd practical knowledge . At Holmfirth all are "land mad , " and recounted mosi wonderful results * which all had witnessed . Near Hanky 31 r Pnkethley was shown a cabbage that weighed sixty-six po uuds ; and in that village a few working men are abont establishing a horticultural society for themselves .
I now come to that best of all good men , Mr . D . Weatherhead , of Keighley . That gentleman has laid out sixteen acres , in four farms of four acres each : and after thoroughly draining and fenciDg , first the four acres , then each acre in itself , he built on each a good house : and for house and land be grts £ 12 a year : and I learn from the whole country of the benefit of the example . I cannot refrain from stating the criterion by which this good zaan selected one of his tenants . I learned it from my companion . Of course Mr . Weatherhead
looked for a substantial tenant with capital to insure rent , and for one of "industrious habits , " whose love of "industry" was established by the Brongham test . 2 > et a bit of it . lie took an honest pauper out of the tcorkhouse , and confided his property to his care and management . The majj is gsatzfcl : and Weatherhead has the very best of tenants ; one who will work from san rise to sun Bet to keep out of his old lodging . Thi 3 fact should be proclaimed through the whole country . That ' s the tray to Repeal the Corn Laws .
I have recently travelled through a large portion of England , and no circumstance gave me so much pleasure as the progress making everywhere in this question of the land . I only required a few examples ; and they are ererywhere presenting themselves The allotment system is at present looked to , as a means of reconciling the labouring population to a better kind of serfdom . It must not be mistaken for the Small Farm System : neither should it be opposed . If governments are to rule for the good of the people , the first step in advance should be the creation of snch a mind as will force a representation : and I fee ] convinced that when the national will is made np on the land question , that we sWM have a GoTernment ready to raake it national .
See what a frightful picture I shall now draw for you , and what a strong case I make out for a change of system . There is collected annually about £ 7 , 000 , 000 sterling for poor-rate 3 . Yery good land can be had for £ 1 -per acre ; indeed it ia over the average c-f rent . £ 7 , 000 , 000 a year then wonld pay rent for 7 , 000 , 000 acres of land ; and at one person to the acre ; that is , a family of a man , his wife , and two childres on a farm of fonr acres , those 7 , 000 , 000 acres would support 7 , 000 , 100 human beings J and , at the lowest calculation , would leave an amount of subplc 3 PRODrcE , after consumption , worth
£ 1 / 5 , 000 , 0001 aye , ora txtrdeed and sev £ > ty-five million poo » 3 ! That would be £ 25 , 000 , 000 more than all JOUT H Foreign Trade , " and all your taxes . n Then , " say yon , " why don ' t the Government and Eociety do it V Ah 1 there ' s the rub Because governmentandsocietyhavethe £ 175 , 000 , 000 J and twice that amount now ; and YOU would sxts YOUR SHARE OF THE £ 175 , 000 , 000 ! 11 Now , is not that a good reason 1 Just what you wonld do if you were Government , and
Government was yon- If that was done , there wonld be " a roaring trade : " but labour would not be so cheap . Then , again , obBerre another fact . There are only £ 7 , 000 , 000 a-year p&id to the poor of all the parishes : and one pauper ( the parson ) for each parish , swallows , amongst the lot , about the same amount : so that if the amount paid to unwilling idlers and to willing idlers was all « pended on the land , U would feed 14 , 000 , 000 of % population , and le » Te a ** subflus" after a good supply , oy ihilee HU * iDBED ASD FIFIT MILLIOJf POUNDS J I
I Ehall continue the subject of the Land until I make you demand it : asd when you get it , then , but not till then , will I leave you . "Xoox faithful friend and fellow-labourer , FBAB 4 C 8 O'COKNOB .
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HOUHFiRTH . —On Saturday evening last we bad the rare treat of a visit by Mr . O'Connor to sonfer with , and impart instruction to , the " lads " of the hills . The notice of the night of meeting was but short : still the large meeting room of the Town Hall was filled by a most attentive and discriminating audience : a great portion of them small manufactures , and not a few large millowners . At eight o ' clock , Mr . Wm . Cunningham was elected to preside , and after a few words from Mr . J . Hobson , who had accompanied Mr . O'Connor , the latter gentleman presented himself to the audience amid loud and hearty cheering . ' The subject announced for Mr . O'Connor ' s lecture was " Why arewages-so low
with trade eo good ! " a question which the Learntq Gentleman examined with great minuteness and research . He showed that the amount of trade , arising from several causes , was greater , far greater at the present moment than at a&y former period of our history : while the facts furnished by the workers themselves in that room , Bhowed that wages were nmoh lower than they were only sevon years ago , when the amount of trade was-hot nearly so great as at present . This was a complete answer to the brawlers for exteaded commerce as a means of increasing wages : Jor it proved conclusively aud beyond contradiction , that the immense extension of trade during the last seven years , had not had the effect of even keeping wages up at the price they
were , much less to prevent them from being greatly reduced . The trnth was , that the cau * e of low wages was to be looked for elsewhere . It arose from the one fact—that Labour was not represented , while capital , both agricultural and manufacturing was . Labour therefore bad no means of protection ; while capital had every opportunity of preying on it . The land was locked up , because of tha necessity to the land-holders of political-rofin ^ slaves . The manufacturing labour market was drugged with a supply of labourers forced to compete wiih one another , anb also with unfeeling , unflinching iron and steel , instead of being at liberty to betake themselves to the natural labour market as fast as displaced in the manufacturing : and this
land-locking-up would continue until tho franchise was conferred on the man because he was a man * and not becanse he held the requisite number of acres . The tendency of oar present system waB to bring down prices of manufactured articles : and as long as that was the case , it must inevitably follow that wages would decrease . Thi 3 downward tendency could only be relieved by opening up the land , and thus relieve the manufacturing labour mart of its present " redundancy" ; and also cause a hove demand for home produce among those employed in productive labour on the laud , when so opened out . These several m »« ers Mr . O'Connor made clear to the understandings of his hearers : so
much so , that though there were several leading Free Traders of the distriet present , and a full opportunity to dispute any of his positions given , yet no one availed himself of such opportunity , but manifested his full agreement in all the lecturer advanced by silent acquiescence . When the lecturer had concluded his lengthy and plain matfer-offact address , a memorial to the Queen for the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones was lead , proposed , and unanimously adopted by the meeting , Votes of thanks were also accorded to Mr . O'Connor and to the Chairman , and the assembly dispersed to their homes in the vales and on the mountain sides , to think and talk upon what they had
heard . HUDDERSFIELD . —Sunday last was a great day with us here . We never had such audienees in the Hall of Science , as on that day assembled to hear Labour ' s champion plead Labour ' s cause . In the alternooii scores bad to go away , unable to obtain admission ; and though in ore- CfiiB'ng a better disposition of the seats and the occupation of all available space enabled the committee to accommodate some two hundreds more , yet there was siill ins'ifBcient room , aud many had to depart , unable to make their entry . The afternoon ' s lecture was " on the present position of the Repeal and Chartist agitations" ; questions which Mr . O'Connor dealt with in more than his wonted stvle . The
marked attention with which his apt illustrations were received by the crowded audience imparted more than ordinary animation to the speaker , and he on several occasions carried Che audience captive , through the intricacies of his subject . Their passions and feelings seemed spell-bound ; and every word that fell from the lips of the orator had a marked and telling tffect . The proceedings of thia portion of tho day wa 3 heightened considerably in interest by the fact that many Irish Repealers were present , several of whom made remarks on Mr . O'Connor ' s positions in great good humour , which he replied to , and observed on , with great readiness and aptness : improving the occasion to tho satisfaction
of all present , including the Repealers themselves . At the dose of the afternoon ' s lecture upwards of sixty sat down to tea in the room , which had been provided for those who attended from the country . It was near half-past four when Mr . O'Connor conclnded in the afternoon : aud by half-past six the place was literally -crammed again , to hear the second lecture , on " the way in which Trades Unions can accomplish Labour ' s redemption without strikes . ' Though thia was a matter wh : ch seemed to involve much of mere detail matter , and therefore one which could alone be satisfactorily dealt with by " a practical maaf yet Mr . O'Connor speedily evinced that his general knowledge of the manner in which Trades Societies had been conducted , and his ideas
of how they ought to be conducted to make them successful , were far from being uninteresting or unprofitable . He clearly showed that the old system of strikes never did , nor ever could , answer , for permanent benefit ; that isolation of trades , and isolation of action was , comparatively , time and money misspent : and that the only method of rendering Trades Unions tfiective for good , was by full consolidation , and by providing tho means for removing the turplus" labourers out of the overstocked manufacturing market on to the land , where they could produce for themselves , and become customers to those they had left behind . Mr . O'Connor showed that though this could never be fully and completely accomplished , nor security obtaiued
until the labourer had his share of political power , yet much might be immediately done , were the Trades sufficiently " up to the mark" in knowledge and determination . If they had the wisdom to see that in conjoined and systematic exertion , when prudently directed , there was strength , they would so combine as to work harmoniously together ; and hold a general Conference of delegates from each trade , in proportion to its numbers and importance , to devise a general plan of aetion binding on the whole—the leading features being the support of one trade , no matter how lowly , bf the whole , in case reduction of wages was attempted ; and the attempting to relieve the labour market of its " redundant hands" by finding them
occupation on the soil . The lecture was Jwtened to with the greatest attention , and evidently made a deep impression on the vast assembly . At its close , Mr . L . Pitkethly was call-id to the chair , and a memorial for the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones unanimously adopted . The chairman then invited discussion , or questioning ; but as no one appeared either for the one or the other , the meeting broke up after hearty thanks to Mr . O'Connor for his eminent services of the day . Great surprise was felt that the opportunity of Mr . O'Connor ' s visit was not embraced by parties who have vapoured much in his absence , even up to the night previous , as to what they would do , when next he presented himself before the Huddersfield people : but there the vapourers were , and there he was , and the " valiant" were as dumb as dead dogs . Whether it was that the lesson had at last been learned , that
" discretion is the better part of valour , " or whether it was that " courage ooteed out , " deponent saith not * but certain it is that the ' bouncer ' respecting meeting Mr . O'Connor in public , sent a deputation to that gentleman requesting that he would condescend to allow him ( the said " bouncer ") to " do slaughter" in the Council Room after the lecture , in the presence of a few picked spectators ] and certain it also iB , that when told to deal with Mr . O'Connor publicly , and there say what was wished to be said , not one 6 ord teas said , but the splendid opportunity so long panted for ( as was said and swore ) allowed to pass by unimproved ! Perhaps it was as well for some folks that this was so : but then they should not have boasted so much , nor threatened so much , beforehand . A little more modesty and a little less " bounce" would have been quite as well .
IDLE . —On Tuesday night last we had a visit in our Free Trade ridden Tillage , from Mr . Feargus O'Connor ; and we had the large Odd Fellows Hkll crevrtfed to receive him , Mr . Julius Dalby vrai culled to the chair , and after he had opened the proceedings , and was abont to introduce Mr . O'Connor to the meeting , a Mr . Yates from Bradford presented himself , and begged to say that as Mr . O'Connor ' s subject was the " effect of machinery , " he should demand a hearing when Mr . O'Connor had concluded . This was objected to by the chairman , as the gentleman had ample time , and should h&f e given previpns notice of bis intention . However , Mr . O'Connor Btarted up , and said , For twelve
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years I hare been hunting after opposition , and now that 1 have a « hance don ' t rob me—( ohorrs ) . I will listen to him , and reply to him , and he shall be heard "—( oheers ) . Mr . O'Connor then prooeeded at considerable length to lay down the only safe principles by which the national property in machinery can be equitably distributed , and converted into a blessing . The learned gentleman was heard most attentively all through , and most rapturously ap- ; plauded at the close of hia very able and powerful > lecture . Mt ; Yates then presented himself , and certaicly made one of the strangest exhibitions we ' ever witnessed . Professing to agree with Mr . 1 O'Connor on tho most material points , and adro- j eating the Charter as a remedy , but differing on some matters of detail , he spoke for about fifty minutes ; when Mr . O'Connor again rose , and in exactly ten minutes demolished his whole paper-,
house , amidst the most vociferous applause . Mr . O'Connor then said I will leave nothing to chance and after-claps , but propose the People ' s Charter as the people ' s only remedy for all their grievances : which , being put , was carried unanimously . After Mr . O'Connor had left for Leeds , the small masters , of whom an abundanoe were at the meeting , met in tb . ! ' Odd-Fellows' room , and remained ia discussion until a very late hour , when it was the unanimous opinion that O'Connor ' s land p roject w& 3 the only safe and feasible one yet presented to the publio . It would be impossible to ^ ive the faiatest idefr of the sensation that Mr . O'Connor ' s address has created . We never had a discussion here before , of any importance , with tha Leaguers , who have had it all their own way ; but O'Connor has converted them all at once . Another visit , and Idle will be the fir .-t Chartisfc town in Yorkshiro .
BRADFORD . —On Wednesday night we had a sooond visit from Mr . O'Connor , and the Odd-Fellows' Hall was crowded in all parts to receive him . Upon his entrance be was loudly cheered , and Mr . J . Smith was unanimously appointed chairman . The proceedings were commenced by Mr . Georgo White , in a very forcible and lucid speech , proposing the adoption of a memorial for the restoration of Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis . Mr . O'Connor seconded the adoption of tho memorial in a speech which occupied two hours and-a-half in the delivery , in which he entered into a review of the position aud progress of the several principles that had been propoundfd since the Reform Bill to catch popular support for both Whigs and Tories . _ He dwelt at considerable longth on the principles of the Young England , party , aud characterised the allotment sysvem as tbo ripe oherry hanging over the garden wall to make the traveller ' mouth
water to get into the gardon itself , which represented the small farm Sfstem . He took a review of the declining trade of Bradford , exhibiting the want of arrangement in the manufacturing world , which was manifested by the fact of now mills springing up in Bradford like mushrooms , while thousands of power looms were being stopped for want of work . The memorial on being put , was unanimously adopted ; after which Mr . George White proposed a resolution for the establishment of a National Trades' Confederation , the object of which is to be the sustainmeut of all Trades who ehall be considered justified in resisting a reduction , or in demanding an incroaae , of wages . The resolution was seconded by acclamation , and carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given to Mr . O'Connor , and after cheers for Frost , Williams , and Jones , Repeal and tho Charter , and for Duncombe ; aud after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting was dissolved .
On Sunday , the members of the Council met in their room , Butterworth ' s Buildings , when it was resolved " That collectors bo appointed for White Abbey , Manningham . and D * isy Hill , to commence uu the 2 nd Sunday in November . " It was resolved that 10 s . be sent to the Executive . On Sanday eveaulRi Mr , George White lectured in the Council Room , ' on"the Freggnt state of Society , " and at the conclusion , suggested to ~ thrffi « etiBg 4 fas prs ? 'e ' of calling a public meeting to take into consideration the best mean ' s of forming a Trades' Union , by uniting all trades in one association . LOUGHBOROU 6 H-On Sunday evening last , a few Chartists of this place met at Mr . Swarm ' s , Bass-yard , Wood Gate * to consider the propriety of netting up a Memorial for Frost , Williams , and J <> ne 8 , when it was agreed to convene a meeting for that purpose , on Monday evening , Nov . 4 th .
TO THE CHARTISTS OF DEVON AND CORNWALL —My Friends . —On Monday , the 21 st inst ., I addressed the people of Btirngfciple in a room that formerly belonged to a body of Cari * tians , called Ranters , and was occupit d by them as a place of devotion . The meeting was both numerous and respectable . Mr . Bowden , a sterling democrat , was unanimously called to the chair , who opened the business in a neat speech , replete with sound sense . I . apuke an heur and a half , and enttoiwouted to prove that the existing evils which i > 01-cted the producing millions of this country had their origin in class legislation , and that nothing short of polikical equality was calculated to remove them . When I bad concluded , the Chairman asked if there was any person present wished to put questions to the
lecturer relative to the subject he bad apoken upon ; but there being no one who seemed desirous to do so , the nueting broke up , apparently highly satisfied with what th « y bad beard . I enrolled thirteen persons , the majority of whom were electors of the Borough . Baruataple is a small seaport town , v * -y pretty and compact ; and containing about 7 . O 0 U inhabitants , principally depending upon the , agriculturalists for support . There are a goodly number of woolcombeia in the town . On Tuesday , I addressed the inhabitants of Southmolton , in the large room of the Red Lion Inn , capable of holding , 400 people . Mr . Shipley , a venerable veteran , and independent in fortune , was voted in the ckair , amidst hearty cheers . He bri-fly bnt effectively opened the proceedings of the meetisg ; and did
not fail , to acquaint his hearers that he was an out and out democrat , and had been ever sm : e be knew what the principles of democracy meant . I spoke at great length , and received a vote of thanks . I disposed of a few cards , and received i % G . J < t towards the support of the cause . Southmolton is an inland town , containing 5 , 000 inhabitants , and certainly I never saw a more clean and pretty place . On Wednesday , I again addressed the people of Barnstaple upon the Corn Laws and machinery , and met with some opposition from a gentleman , whose name I new forget . I replied to the remarks he made , and asked him if he had anything further to advance , but he declined . After a vote of thanks to the Chairman and myself bed been passed , the meeting peaceably
separated . On Thursday , I addressed a large meeting held in a Methodist chapel in the town of Bideford . A working man , and one of the tight sort , occupied the chair , and made an excellent speech , which was repeatedly cheered' by an enthusiastic audience . I spoke two hours , and gave an exposition of our principles , which met with unanimous approbation . 1 succeeded at the conclusion in forming the neeleus of an association . I should h : ive'gene to Tiverton , but the friends in that town failed in getting a place to hold a meeting in , though every effort was made on their part to do so . Four gentlemen belonging to the Corporation applied to the Mayor for the use of the GaUdhaU , but be said in answer to their application , " that if I wss connected with Feargus O'Connor , I should not have it ; but if I
was not , he would feel great pleasure in allowing me the use of it . " I leave you , brother Chartist * , to make your own comments on the conduct of " his worship . " On Friday evening , I attended a Free Trade nu *' . ing held in the Mechanics' Institution , Plymouth , in order to hear a lecture from R . P . Collier , Etq , upon the rise and progress of Free Trade principles throughout the world . After the lecturer had concluded his discourse , I oaked permission to offer a few remarks in reply to him , which the Chairman granted . I began , by stating that the subject ef Free Trade was a very important one , and as I differed with many of the observations made by the lecturer , and intended replying to them , I begged the persons present wonld grant me fair play . Some cried out " hear ,
bear , " while 'Squire Mason of Stonehouee , an enthusiastic Free Trader , commenced hissing me , giving a practical proof , of his love of fair play , or rather that he belonged to a species of birds commonly called geese ' . in a short time , howev » r , there was silence ; and I proceeded to analjB ? one of the lecturers statements , namely , that they ( the audience ) were so well acquainted with the evils of protection , that it was nrt necessary he should enter into any arguments upon it In answer I said it was not because there waa protection in this country that physical and social evils prevailed amongst the working classes of society , bat becanse the protection only extended to the aristocracy , capitalists , and profit-mongers , while the toiling millions hsd no protection whatever ; and instead of doing
awsy with all protectioB , I sought for the establishment of democratic principle ! , ia ord ? r that laws might be made which would , in their operation , protect the labour bf the working man , as well as the capital of the rich man . I waa proceeding to support my position by facts , when lo 1 and behold , the Free Traders commenced the work of hissing , hooting , mixed with cries of faestion , question , time , time , and other interruptions , which prevented me from going on . Finding that I must not have an impartial hearing that night , I turned round to where the lecturer sat , and challenged him to a discussion for two nights upon the subject . Mr . Nicholson , a watchmaker , got up to reply , and truly I never heard snch a mass of absurdity in ay life before as ! he belched forth . Messrs . Smith , Robertson , and Blackmore , on the part
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of the Chartists , severally addreised tha meeting ia very effective speeches , and , ; I am happy to say , they met with better treatment than your bumble servant , though they did not escape without receiving a moderate share of interruption . The lecturer replied , and stated the only mnn that used anything in the shape of argument was Mr . Smith ; as to mb , he considered I said nothing that deserved a reply from him . In the course of his remarks he said , that th u ; h no man gave more conaiierution to the interest of the working classes than he did , so far as related to their riRhte , set he begged to say that Ffee , Trade was a question of itself , altQie'her unconnected with either Chartism or any other political question now agitated . The gentleman did not evea ; c ! e g 1 to notice my challenge ; of coursa he bad his pwn reason for not doing so . So much for the liberty-loving Free Traders of Plymouth . And now far a f >? w general remarks upon what course I think you ou ^ ht to pursue for the
purpose of forwarding and extending the Plan of Organzition in those two counties , in the first place , I recom-Wiud that you should enter ! into correspondence one with the other , or rather the different localities , as to the necessity of opening new places for the propagation of our principles ; for you know , as well as I do , that there are many towns throughout Davon and Cornwall , where we might make an inroad , previued the proper Btfp * ware tafeen , and in the st-cond place it is also necessary that you anouUi hold monthly delegate meetings Tor the purpose of reporlio ? one to tlw other how each locality is getting on , and also consulting as to tha best means of consolidating jand muting Chartism all powerful . I need not enter Into any arguments to prove the necessity v » f such a , ; course , for you are already cognizant of the benefits that haV 8 resulted to our cause in many parts of this ! country particularly , Lancashire and Yorkshire , from the adoption of it . I rfeimin your faithful servant and brother democrat , CHR'STOruEK Dotle— Plymouth , Oct . 28 .
TO THE Ciiaiitists ov England . —Brother Ddmocrats , Owing to the indisposition of our amiable friend and president , -Mr . M'Grath , that gentleman could not pay his anxiously lexpected visit to this country ; and as tho Executive deemed extension of the National Charter Association ' throughout Scotland to be of the first importance , I hays repaired hitner for the purpose of forwarding th . it object ; and have now the gratification of being enabled to repoTt most favourably of the reeult of ray labours . From a combinanation of circumstances the causu of Cbartism here has been for some time past literally defunct . That is , as far as an useful organ » R \ tion was concerned ; the principles of the Charter being at the same time more extensively adopted than ever ; Yet there has been an
absence of that onetm 3 of action which of all things is so essential to ensure the cpnsummatidn of our noble purpose . I csunot help remark in ? , that there appears to me to have been ene cause , apart from all others , and tbat too a primary 0110 , why there has not been an efficient { organization amongst the Chartists of Scotland ; and that has been the defection of the " leaders . " Yes . my frieniis , that bane of all great movement * , leadership , has had its withering and blasting influence even amongst tha reflective and philosophic sons of Scotia . But from what I htve observed since my arrival here , I think I am perfectly warranted in assuring you that treachery and desertion have done " their worstl : " and that the " good men and true , " bavin * badjt&e experience of the pas * ,
will take it as a guide for the future , and attend more to that excellent maxim of Franklin's : — " If you want your work done well , do it yourself ; aDd if you wish it left undone , leave it to be done by Boniebjdy else . " On Sunday , the 30 th , I arrived in Glasgow , and on the following evening ( Monday ) lectured to a highly intelligent and numerous auditory in the large Chartist church ; Mr . Sherrington , an excellent working man Chutist , in the chair . At ithe close of my address , I entered into a discussion with a Mr . Malcolm , formerly a Chartist , on the late policy of Mr . O Cornell , which Mr . Malcolm justified on the ground that " Mr . O'Connell was merely accommodating himself to the Protest&nts of Ireland . " There Was nothing extraordinary in this defence of Mr . O'Connell by Mr . Malcolm ,
' seeiini % ! jat the former gentleman was acting towards the Protestants of-Jr ^ nd , just as the latter individual hnd already done to the"S vu { g 5-. <» f Glasgow . The meeting was kept up till a lato hour . 5 afe £ breaking up , a great number of aard ? were disposed of : am ! ot the wbole the Yery best feeling waa manifested towards the National Charter Association . I hold that to be of some importance , as previously there had been a diversity of opinion as to the propriety of joining » s . I have cauversed with some of the principal friends of local action , amongst the res ' , that sterling democrat , Mr . James Moir , who is as willing »« ever to toke the lead in the good 6 mae . He merel y rtquirea that the people themselves ; should be in earnest , nn ; l deal honestly with their own principles . On Tuesday
evening , I addressed an out-door meeting at Long Govan , a small village about ; three miles from Glasgow . Mr . Burrell , the talented author of the Chartist Catechism , most ably filled the chair . At the close of my lecture , I challenged discussion ; but no opposition presenting itself the meeting broke up , after giving three cheers for the Charter andjNorthern Slur . On Wednesday I visited the beautiful little town of Hamilton , and had the pleasure of lecturing to a most numerous and enthusiastic audience , in a large and commodious church , A fine young fellow , named Park , the Chartist schoolmaster , filled the chair , and , at the close of my lecture , made a most elr < neht appeal to all present to join the National Charter Association , which advice was strictly followed , as the local Association was
eventually given np , and the members took out their cards from me . On Thursday , I returned to Glasgow to attend a puMic meeting i held on behalf of Frost , Williams , and Jones . The place of meeting was literally crammed ; and able speeches were delivered ob the occasion by Messrs . Adams , Livingston , and others . The resolutions and memorials were unanimously adopted . On FtWay and Saturday evenings , I lectured to true spirited audiences at Campsie , and had the satisfaction of learning that my addresses had done much good . There I bad the gratification of meeting a number of my own countrymen , who have
the principal management of the association , and seem to be heart and s ml in the movement They entered into r > rrangetnent 8 with me to pay them another visit , when they intend joining the association in a body . Sanday being a day of rest tore for Cbartist lecturers , as well as other men , I have nothing to say of tbat day ' s proceedings , but in my next will " report progress " of the forthcoming week ' s \ proceedings . The people here are anxiously expecting visits from Messrs . O'Connor and M'Douall , and have requested me to say that the sooner they make their appearance the better they shall like it . —I remain , fellow Chaitiata , yours faithfully , Thomas Clark .
NOTIN 6 HAOT . —Frost , Williams , and Jones . —Great meeting at Nottingham —A pnblic meeting convened by the Mayor was held in this town on Monday evening last . The Town Hall which had been kindly lent for the occasion , was densely filled , and hundreds could not gain admission . Samuel Bean , E « q . a member of the Town Council , was unanimously called to the chair , who said that he felt proud of the hi ^ h honour which his fellow-townsmen bad conferred upon him . He could assure them tbat no gentleman present desired the return of Messrs . Frost , Willams , asd Jones more ardently than he did . He concluded by introducing Mr . Alderman Judd as the proposer of the following resolution : — "Tbat it is the opinion of this meeting we are in duty bound to use all
legal and constitutional means to effect the restoration of John Frost , Zjphaniah Williams , and William Jones , at present under the sentence ' ] of transportation for life . The late decision in the House of Lords in the case of Gray , O'Connell , and others -entitlei us to hope , aed j justifies us in the expectation that the same measure of justice will be awarded to Frost , Williams , and Jones , ; as has been awarded to Gray , O Connell , and others . That a memorial be therefore presented to her most ; gracious Majesty , praying for a free pardon for and ' restoration of John Frost , Zephaniah Williams , and \ William Jones to their homes and families . '' Mr . Jadd , commenced by observing , that it afforded him much I pleasure in attending tbat meeting—a meeting as it Was , of humanity and mercy . It [ was right that the con- '
stitutional laws and usages of our country should be maintained . Justice in this case ought to be done ; it was a praiseworthy object to endeavour to get the exiles restored to their native land . He ( Mr . Alderman Judd ) most cardially proposed the resolution , and sat down loudly cheered , j Mr . Dorman seconded the resolution . Mr . Roper , ia a brief speech , supported the resolution , which on being put from the chair was carried unanimously . Mr . Sweet moved the adoption of the memorial . He made a few pointed observations by way of preface i and concluded by saying that this was indeed a meeting calculated to do much good , and be hoped that the ; desired object would be speedily obtained . The memorial was seconded by Mr . Topham , and carried unanimously . Mr . Dorman then
mo ? ed , ana Mr . Sweet seconded that S . Bean , Esq ., our respected ehairma * . be respectfully requested to sign the memorial o » behalf of the meting . Carried unanimously . Mr . Sweet moved , and Mr . Cliffe hi a neat paech SMonded . a vote of thanks to tha Mayor for convening the meeting , and tor granting tbo nae oi the hall , which was canled amidst great applause . Mr . Roberts moved a vote or > thanks to the Chairman , which on being seconded was carried unanimously . The Chairman returned thanks and dissolved the meeting . We observed several members of the Town Council and candidates for Municipal honours present , and the meeting altogether waa of a highly respectalde character . Let our motto bej—persevere—persevewpersevere t Oaward and we conquer I
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^ J ^^^ o / £ r && £ ' NORTHATOPTOV . Great Meeting on dehalf of Frost , Williams , and Jo . ves — Fur several days previous to Monday last , a rtquiai ion waa in course of signature to the Mayor to call a public town ' s meeting ob behalf of the above-named patriots . The requisition waa signed by 463 inhabitant hoiweholJers . The Mayor , when waited upon , t-xpresssd himself favourable , to the object ; but would not consent to call the meeting unless a majority of the Town Council signed the requisition . Messrs . Bass , Gimmage , aad Jones instantly set to work , and after some exertion , succeeded in getting the names of the majority of the the Council added'to the requisition ; one ha < f being Tories and the other half Whigs . The meeting w ^ a ,
accordingly convened by the Mayor . Shortly after twelve o'clock , the hour appointed , the hall wascrow-lyd to excess , and a large number of people were outside , who could not gain admission . Mr . Ganatnaze m » ed " That in ttw absence of the Mayor , ( who was confi . ^ d to bis bsd by illness ) . Mr . Alderman Sharp do frrke the chair ; " which being seccnied , was put to the meeting , and carried unanimously . Some members of the Town Council having sta ' . ei their reasons for signing the * & quisition , Mr . G-immage rose to move the first resolution . H * stated tbat he did not come there for the mere purpose of making a speech but to do t > u * iues «; they were met together fora purpose in which ht voa nare- the / all felt great interest : and so far ae ' i < i w . is concerned , there was only one thing connected with U'fa
subject which could give him greater pleasure than tno moving of the resolution which bad been entrusted lo him , and that was , if ho could see John Frost » n . ' aig compatriots addressing them in the Market-square . > f Northampton—( cheers ) . It had now been proved ih ^ t thes 8 . men had been punished contrary to all law ; for the highest tribunal had decided in the case of OOountU that a single defect in the trial of a prisoner wm si fficient to render the ( whole proceedings of- . aon-eff-ft . Now as the list of witnesses and copy of indictm- it ought to have b : en furnished to Frost , WiBi-. im , ? nd Jonea ten days previous to the trial , and both : • » . Uia same time , and as that f jrm of law was notartheuu -. o , they were , according to the Judges , entitled ia » . n acquittal . But it was said Mr . Frost ' s counsel diu not
take the objection at a proper time , but accoMinv to the Heuse of Lards , -whether the objection was taken in time or other-wise , the very fact of tbfc Crown j > atting a pirty on trial before every form of law ha i bwn complied with entitled tbat pirfcy to an acquitt-i . Ia Mr . Frost's case it was more particularly so-, f r fix out of the fifteen Judges were of opinion that ( tie objection was taken in time . Now where snob a disparity of opinion existed as this , the doffc&dfcbts t > u ^ L > :. w "J 19 spirit of the English law to have had the berx . ih ¦ ¦ <( ¦?{ instead of which they were cruelly banished their i . a ; ve land . When the Ewl of Cardigan was tried btit ^ i-c- a jury of his peers , he was acquitted , not bbcw * i f ^ . a not proved that he had been guilty of the cniu » n > >? 33 charged with , but because one or two of the nam of
Mr . Tuckefct were left out of the indictment , rhti aa to the challenging of the jury in Frost's casa , 1 \ v . a similar to that of Mr . O'C-jnneH ' e ; there was « m a sworn in the name of Christopher John , wb ' . ae c .-e was John Christopher ; suppose that Mr . Fcwt f"l heard that oae jshn Christopher had bitterly denvHinv ^ l all Chartists and Chartism , consequently & •; «¦»¦ - ii- / t fit to be on a jury to t * y a Chartist , but he dul u % personally know this John Christopher , and wh n h ) name of Christopher Joha was called ovor Lo » sa totally ignorant of who the man was . Now by ' . 01 a means John Frost was as much denied tb * - right of challenge , as w * s Daniel O'Connell—ilourt cneers ) . Mr . Gammage addressed the meeting at great I ag : b ,
and was rapturously applauded throughout . He excluded by moving the following resolution : " 'J ' ;; it 'a the opinion of this meeting , the banishment ot . J h « Frost , Z-phaniah Williams , and William Junee ' ¦ . ¦! high treason , in 1810 , was an illegal act , iuaMuur . r as the forms of law applicable to such cases were t , >> : - !• hered te ; aud such being the case , we resolve tu ! ..-.: > orialistt her Majpsty for their restoration to theii va * / \ -q country . Mr . Hollowed seconded the resolution . . i sa appropriate speech , which was then put an < l curru 1 unanimously . Mr . Mondy read the Memoml . at moved its adoption . Mr . Henl 6 y seconded ^ the ? -. .. Hoa . The Memorial was unanimously adopted . Mr . W . -. U ' -a , in a neat address , moved . ' That the Memorial >•¦ buch
to the Home Office through Mr . Duncombe " M -. Breely seconded the motion , which was carrel w . l hud cheers . Mr . Sharp then left the chair , and J ^ c Gimmage occupied it , when Mr . Henley mov > : 2 the following resolution , which was seconded and eanftl by acclamation : " That the best thanks of this meeting are due and are hereby given to Mr . Alderman Hb » rp for the very able and impartial manner in wLich ha has presided over tkia meeting . " The worthy A { airman acknowledged the compliment , and the nnf ' . ; - . | separated highly delighted with the prscce expressed their satisfaction at the admirable inn > i- - . a which the working classes conducted their buaitwxi .
New Locality . —The members met on ir . . .- ... j evening . The Secretary read over the names of sev . t J new members , and several others were enroli ^ i . V discussion took place on the question , " Woula •¦ . ¦ :, >• n ironical or republican form of government r >« r ; .. ^ t conducive to tbe -welfare of tne people , wei ? tt < 9 C ria . rter toe law of the lanj ? " Messrs . Hui ^ - . fc ; , Giinma s S ^ ' rid Wataon toojj ' parirv Tfae discussion w ;< . j conducted irT SviP } )^ - "manner on &C ! : sidfes or ' adjourned to the Ttntowing week . BII . STOK . —The Chaitfsta of BWston b . eM ~ \ V : " « usual weekly meeting on Sunday evening hut . $ ' . ? . O'Connor ' s letter to Mr . O'Connell , the letter . f the Sheffield trades , &c . were read and gave gr < -. <; * m * : is . faction . A number of the members have ma if- Oa first depotit to a sick and burial society , to < jr . , a a land scheme for the investment of their fun' . EfEYWOOD . —The members of the Ginsra ) Co'ivcH for this locality have been nominated .
LONDON . —Somers' Town . —A respectab :.- ••¦•> I attentive audience raet ou Sunday eveniau lu ^ i , v . t Mr ; Duddridge's rooms , Tonbridge-street ; Mr Joha Arnott was called to the chair . Mr . T . M . : -. iwlct delivered a very able lecture on the yarion-, i . sms now afloat , and proved , in eloquent and convene >\ . £ language , the superiority of Chartism over any viuer hm , to better the condition of the toiling Hii . h'Ulj . A"ter votes of thanks to the Lecturer and Chairman , the meeting separated . DEPrFOKD and Greenwich . —The Chartists of th ' . q locality met on Tuesday evening last , when a vt . r .. vf thanks was carried to Messrs . Wade and Grosley for arousing the parishioners of St . Paul ' s , io tha late attempt by Mother Church to impose a enure a rate .
Towkr Hamlet * . —Mr . Gale lectured to * numerous audience on Sunday evening last . A ibs close of the lecture a discussion took place , iu w ;< i < -a Messrs . Sheen , Milla , Thornbury , and Davi- tooic part . 9 UEENSHEAD . —The Welsh Martyrs — A pubnc meeting of tho inhabitants of this village . vad held on Monday evening last , in the Itoun »
-ton to move the following resolution : "That thi * meeting resolve to memorialise her Majesty tor Vr . t \ returD of Frost . Williams , and Jones , seeing thai | Daniel O'Connell and others have jbeen liberated t through aa error ia the legal proceedings of far k-i I magnitude than that in the case of frost , William ; , J and Jones . " The resolution was seconded by Mr . 1 John Bates , and carried unanimously . The nv ? nv > - j rial was moved by Mr . James Bawden , and secouo <;>{ ; by Mr . Be&jamin Rushton , from Ovenden , a ? J , passed unanimously . After a vote of thanks to ' -. ' . a 1 Chairman , the meeting concluded . It is hoped r . h&fc ¦ ' some talented individual will pay a visit to t . ns neighbourhood , and be the means of rousing tha ! Chartists of this place from their slumbers .
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FonGBRT on the Bank , of Enqland . —From the Brussels GaMette . —We would put our readers ta their guard against an extensive forgery of note " - uf the Bask of England for on » hundred younds sier * ling each , at present in circulation , in Belgium aud other parts of the Continent . These notes are so well imitated as to baffle the closest inspection . Indeed , we are informed , that even the Bank itself has been deceived by them , for that one waaaotuaiiy paid upon presentation there , and it was only whoa the genuine note bearing tke same number afterwards mads its appearance , that tha fraud was
detected . We have heard of £ 700 of the said forgeries-having been oashed by a changeur at Brussels , and \ £ 2 fi 0 in Antwerp ; bat that the Bank has actel in the most liberal manner by having already liquidated nearly the whole amount of these , aud it is probable they w ^ ii do the same with regard to Lha others as they come in , that can be proved to hare been taken in the way of business . The person who duped tha said parties is apparently a Frenchman , ^ f small stature , with a good address , but unpreposse . - ing look , and an agent of the Bank has come over : u pursuit , of him .
EXTBAORDINAHT MODE OP SUICIDE PRf Jt DlSE ^ SB and Desjitctiou . —On Tuesday , Mr . Batcer , jun ., held an inquest at the Three Compasses , Briok- ^ r ;} , Spitalfields , on the body of George Dixon , late potman at a house in Broad-street , City . Frederick Grover , of 5 , Old Montague-street , Whiteohipel , said deceased and bis wife resided in the same house , and were in very destitute circumstances , owing to his having a disease of the lungs , which prevented him from working . On , Thursday afternoon doceased came into witnesses zoom in a wild state , and drank with aridity four cups of tea , and wmlst witness was getting him some more , he seized a
long knife from off the table , and thrust it down his throat and gullet , so far that only part of the handle protruded from the mouth . Witaess immediately struck deceased ' s hand from the haft of the knife , and pulled it from his throat , upon which deceased exclaimed , " I am determined to do it , and may as well-do it first as last . " Mr . Foster spoke to deceased ' s great destitution , and said that he died from the combined effects of the wound in the throat , causing internal hemorrage , and miani - mafcion of the lungs . Verdict— " Temporary ^ Insa ' nity .. " ^ -
Cfcaritet 3bntentsrnce.
Cfcaritet 3 Bntentsrnce .
[He Lakp I The Land !! The Land! •!
[ HE LAKP I THE LAND !! THE LAND !
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YOL- TIL NO . 363 . SATURDAY / DoTODBn Sft , 1844 . ' p *' ™ S ir ™ . . ;
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AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISES ,. . ; KA / Wl ^ ^ ti 1 L ^ i « r- — ' . . -. - . . ¦ -. — r
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 2, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1287/page/1/
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