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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd November 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE BLOODY AND BRUTAL SPANISH DESPOTISM -MUKDER OF A PATRIOT
    • 2To 3Kea&erg ana Corregpon&entg
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1844.
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      Untitled Article

      ^_ . _; FATHER M ATHEW , ] A public meeting ttos held oa "Mftntfay evening ' lasr , ~ i St . tJ < org = * sr Temperau ^ Ball , "Blacfcfnars Hoad , L ^ adoa , to sid and s ^ sis ; ja Telcp-ing the ADOS ^ e of Temperance fropi pecuniary difficulties , caused by his mnnring l&boiss in the £ rea : moral icft » "CE 3 tkn . : lie meeting was both B&aj ^ ously and respectably attended , t * n the platform "we noticed J . S . Buckingham . E = a . ; FMT ^ -OX ^ Dnnor , B-q . ; Florence Lalor , E-rq . ~ ; J- Purvis , Esq . ; the R ? v . Mr . Cotter ; — - Barry , E ? q ; -aad a great number of other genflcEes . J S . BccKEHSHjoe , £ ? q . was naannnoasly called to the chair , atid . saift—My friends , the -aTiiiouncements have made jez acquainted -with tbe purport of

      tie nrsetinj ; : it is to relieve the best and most amiable of men "frmn pecuniary difictilties , caused by hi 3 fiercnlean i « ibnurs in the Temperaneo ReformatSoa —( cheers ) , 't he reason that I -ass selected to fill the chair is doubtless because 1 nave been a cclabonrer ia lieland -sad elsewhere -with tii&t good man . "He thoafihfc , from theur improved eirenm-• etaneefi , they-werebound to * ssist him whose labrur , talent , and sacrifices hid iadnced those improved circaK 5 tsj 5 c « 3 , and involved bio is difficulties—< cheers ) . ^ tJnttl this great moral movement bad comaenced , intemperance vrascommon to all classes : inftct , alfcelasses , upper , lower , and middle , throughout Engsad , Ireland , and Scotland , were ' -equaily infectda-vrita it—( heartear ) i—but more especially

      , Irelana ^ Trhere whiskey was ilistfflfd —{ hear , hear ) He ( Mr . Buckingham ) was struck with tbeneees » ny of this tnoveaaent , from his travels in India , lie there ' . travelled on horseback , cm . drom edary , and on foot ,--oreran extent of 39 v O& 0 miles , amidst a popularise « of 300 , 000 persons , and did not see half a < loTHi' -person 3 drunk ; but oa his return home , on last&g at Portsmouth , he recoiled wiih feelings of sorrow , shame , and disgust , as what fee witnessed froTE . intoxication —\ hear , heaT ) . He held it to be one of the duties of the l ^ gis ' -ature to protect the morals and Iive 3 of the people . Well , there were « 03 t 00 persons died annually from intoxication . Ai the time fie represented Shield , with us population of 100 000 sonls—* v that time he took the precaution

      te send circulars rennd to tb « Coroners to procure -information . By this Beans he ascertained that in the town of Sheffield ( by nomeans worse than other -towns ) thirteen persons had died in eleven days from intoxication—< hea * , he * r > . At the same tune : -ie fonnd in the town of Leeds ihere was a great discussion and iigh feelings raised against wnat was © onsidered an enormous poor-rat * of £ 5 , 000 per annnm ; yet at & « same time £ 50 , 000 per annum ¦ wa 3 spent in the same town in worse than useless intoxicating drinks—< hear , hear ) . Whusi m America he -was delighted to hear of the rise or the Apostle of Temperaaee , the R .-v . Tieobalo . Malbew , » man whom th « vuioe of slander had never assailed . That man of spotless reputation—( cheers)—who

      -was instigated to the good work by a Qaaker merchant of the city of Cork , and who bad zsaiousiy adhered to it ever since—Father Mathew , was an extraordinary iuaa ; wherever he wa 3 known there iras he respected —( . hear , hearj . He had not a single enemy , bnt possessed millions of friends—( loud tfceen ) . His fiaate spread from the city to tno T » onty , and free thence thToush the world . He was an enthusiast , andlik * all other enthusiasts , did not stop So count the cost ; and thus , when the poor came from miles distant to receive the pledge , to some he gave 1 b ., te some 2 s . 6 d ., according to their necessities , and t © some he gave medals , to -keep them ia continual lememhraace of the pledge they had taken . Medals were given for slaughter

      committed at Waterloo and elsewhere ; but lor his ( Mr . B / s ) part , he would much rather wear one Temperance medal than , twenty Waterloo ones—{ loud cheers ) . This nosi a considerable sesi ; then there were many who could not leave their homes , and to these Mr . Matbew traTelled , which also increased his expenses . Then came the necessity of places to meet in ; and in many instances in Ireland the people wae too poor , and hence another dram © n Mr . Al » ihew * a per .-e . The people of lrolano were nataraUj fight-hearted , and when iney -became sober , they had a desire for music : hence the temperance -bands ; and being desirous oi making « ot door displays to attract as many to their standard * s possible—then arose the " processsions ,

      with their mQttos , banners , 4 cs ., all of wh » ca had a tendency to increase the expenditure , and none oi which was without their use , as the enrolling fi « ont of the eighs millions of the people faily afcewed ( cheers ) . If he- ( Mr . B , ) were asked what the reclaiming of iheseive million souls were worth , ai * Hjooey value , he would say fire nniiious of moaej -wouid n « i be-to © dear-ilond « flaer =- ) . H « held that the emancipation of tnB tJiattsiavc * waa noVnuig compared : o the emaneiparion of these wretched drunkards < hear , hear ) . His son had calculated that if tke one million and- » -hali of Teetotallers in Englaad and-Scotland were to givjs only one penny each , that alone would amount to £ S 2 JU , bui if the Teetocaaers ot ireland were to saDecnbo me same amount each , it would amount to JE 23 . OU 0 ; and , therefore , there -ctrnld be no want -of imids to reiievt

      i"&ther Matnewnomliu d ^ acuiiitss . H ^ nad aireadj sent Ins -check withons trilling for » pnblc meeting for £ 10—4 checrsJ—and only regrettea his -inability to give more . -On ene occasion , on his landing at Xingston , on a visit to Ireland , himsfiit aiid tneads were as > 8 aiJed < by * host of sturdy mendicants a > king alms ; and yes tc «« e poor , ragged * deplorabivbeiaj ; - found money to fcuy whisKey wid tteaj . tueir mend * with it—< bear , 4 > ear ) . But when ne ianced at tnc same place a year and a half ago , they neither mm drnnkarde sot--mendicants ^ and in his travels rouna the whole -of Ireland , he only met with three dmnken persons , one only of whom was * n Irishman , the others were -a , Scotchman and a G-rman—< bear , hear ) . Six mifliona wa 3 formaly spent axauailj for whi 3 Kev in Ireland . ; now the amount epea : » UDnaiiy for the same article was reanced to two Billions—( load cheers ) .

      Mr . PoESTsrese to more the first resolauoa , as follows z—** That this meeting call upon all teetotallers and philanthropists t « come forward and aid in relic-ring the Bev . Tneobaid M . athew from his present pecuni ary dificuiuea . " Mr . P . said he would not take op their valuable time , afier the excellent speech of tneir frit-na 2 nd president , but simply moTe the resolat i oa , ana content himself by handing in hi- mite of £ 5 Mr . Gxsek , editor of the Temperance Intclilcenser seconded the motion .

      Mr . Feibgus 0 'Cos . no 2 was then caned on by the Chairman to iupport the motion ; and , on rising . TrasTeceivec wiih the mos ; rapturous applause . He said he ielt no ordinary pleasure in mating one o thepraseut asseicblage , in renewing his acquain-ance Tri-: h iheir chairman , and in aiding thegrea . ; aud gooc Jather Matbew < cncers ) . He -would support th « - Tesolunon . He entirely agreed with the chairman , that the emancipation of the Blacka was as nothing compared with the cm incipaiion cf the drunkard . Faiher Mathew had given them ears to iear with , miads to think , and neart 3 to feel—llond -eheer ?) . If there were no drunken men in the * nd , there wocld soon be neither tyrants nor slaves—<« heers ) . How pleased he wss te bear from one o

      ¦ fee spiles of temperance t > r the ncprovementa in his Oil . O'CX'i ) native country . As a barris-cr , when defending the poor delnded fellows , who h 3 d been eu ^ aged in faction fights , fie discovered that many of the social miseries bad their origin in drunkenness . However , he could tot attribute all the wrongs of Ireland to dninkeiiess . He was Juppy te see the ladies so forward to-night in tne good work of justice to Father Mathew . Mr . O'Connor said he knew a little anecdote bearing . © a tnis snbjeet . A carrier trading between two towns- in irtland thooght it necessary th »; some little refreshment Fhouid be had to eheer them on the road . He therefore resolved to toss up to see ¦ whether the horse should have a feed of corn , or

      himself a noegin of whisky . Howerer , whether it Came down heads or harps , poor Bess never got the corn ; it was always whisky —( laughter ) . However , he once got a toss too much ; and oh » snowy aijiht drove the eart over a ridge cf rook , and killed the poor beast , and in the morning regretted he . had eg . paid more attention to ihe bs 3 : t « a . acl thus done jusiice w > both—Ibear , hear , and loo a < heers ) . llr . O'Coanor then animadverted ia BeveK terms or that portion of the press who had described Father Mathew as a hambeg , aod otherwise . < alnmniated thai treat and good man . Mr . O'Connor , wiih all due deference to ibeir worthy Chairiaan and his son , would submit thai thty hxa xatberjiaderated the amount that would be realisi-d a . t a pecny each from the cjtnbined teetotallers .

      He thought the sum wonld amount to at least , £ 312 0 O 0 . He thought no man who Taloed his Jlbfiriij . or levered tne Deity , Bhouid refuse to subscribe . Ttie Government would be artfi ^ x of tne popular miad when the people were sober—( hear , . hear ) . He was pleased to have that opportunity of iearing witness to the good deeds of his fellow townanaiij Either Mathew—( loud - cheers ) . tie was rejoiced , btcause Father Matbew had taught xhem hour to fis-e sad die . Let it be borne in nuaa * h * fc P * tb = r Msihew h » d not spent his cioaey ^ fl himself , bnt foe the >? ood of his country and posterity ^ Ttioud cheers ) . In conclusion , he would giv « them Dean SwiEt ' s Charity Sermon J— " tie who giveth t © ihe poor lendetb to the Lord ; bo if jon like your security down with your dust . " Air . O'Connor resumed Ks seat amid immense and

      long-Aontinoed applause . The resolution was pat carried and unanimously . The Cfunaus said he thonght it would be advisable now , as they were in such an evident state of igood humour , it five mmuies were" allowed to reoeire contrlbuikjns . A strong Milesian voice at thi 3 . moment , from the * odF cf the meeiiog , skouied ont , " Mr . Feargns ¦ O'Cennox—will your honour do as a fa-rccr 10 take ihe plsreand gDTOuBdJ " Mr . O'Cossob- " Aye that I will , that or any flungtL * / or Fuller Mathew " -Goad cheer ) . Air . O'Cbcnor tieo commeneed his labours , w . tb whui steccis the iiqutl will shew . Mr . TibuRSiws . Lalob came forward and said Jjehopeoiixc guo = criplion would eqaal t £ e mmtt or

      Untitled Article

      Father Mathew—( cheers ^ . He wonld move the following resolutions : — ** Thai a Committe .-, fce formed to carry out the plan of subscription ? , | n this district . " " That the Coro ' j aittee moct in this Ha . ll , on Monday erening nex' ,. " ' ** That Mr . Purvis , the treasurer , be requested to keep the br . oks open until tne end of December next . " The Rev . Mr . Chootkb trusted they would go on and increase their endeavours to assist the gooo man who had been so well and fo ably employed . He could not help thanking their worthy Chairman and th « sr other friends , especially their and his excellent friwid Mr . Feargus O'Connor —( loud cheers ) .

      Mr . Hopkins snagested the propriety of their issuing collecting cards , and believed it would be found beneficial —( cheers ) . The Chairman then announced a series of meetings for the rame object , and put the resolutions , which were carried unanimously . Air . Hxbt , of the Temperance Hotel , AldersgatesVieet . then "Very ably addressed the meeting in favour of the principle of total abstinence , and was warmly applauded . Tne Chairman announced the subscriptions , collected in the meeting , to foe £ 20 —( great cheering ) . The Rev . Mr . Cotxeb moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman , which was ably seconded by Mr . F . O'Connor , and carried unanimously . The Chairman responded .

      Three cheers was then given for Father Mathew , three for the cause , three for the Chairman , aud three for Feargua O'Connor , and the meeting separated , highlv elated with the proceedings .

      Untitled Article

      THE TRADES . " When bad men conspire good men combine . " We very much doubt that ihere is any section of society from which ihe nation at large has derived less political benefit than from the Trades as a body ; and to this fact we must in part attribute the increased and inereasuHj strength of Toryism under

      our reformed institutions ; while from the fact of the great bedy of Trades having materially accelerated the measure , we may fairly infer the strength and commanding influence of the body . A move is now being made however , among that section of sooiety , of a precisely similar character to those party tactics by which the respective strength of the " contents' ' and " non-oontents" of each section of society must be measured before the grand national struggle can take place between the many and the few .

      Before the passing of the Reform Bill there were bnt two parties—the satisfied few , and the dissatisfied many . The general principles of government were applied to sectional management of classes . Every class had its aristocracy representing the ruling principle , which was ToryiBm . This was the machinery by which external strength was catered for the government : and to the inability or disinclination of Sir Robert Peel's government to perpetuate the same policy of external rule and management , we must attribute the various sources into which discontent runs now-a-days , as compared with the limited course in which old Toryism had so long confined it .

      The battle is no longer between Whig and Tory . It now rages in every section , class , and division of society . Hence we find the democracy of landlordism strongly exhibited , if not yet making head , against the aristocracy of that order . We find the Prime Minister himself leading the fight of what we may call democratic Conservatism against aristocratic monopoly and domination . The democracy of the Church is beginning to exhibit feverish symptoms of dissatisfaction . The democracy of Repeal rejects alliance with the aristocracy of Federalism . The democracy of Socialism has rebelled

      against the aristocratic government of which it complained , and has substituted the rule of democracy in its stead . The democracy of Free Trade has rebelled against its leader ' s support of a Conservative Government . The democracy of the medical and legal professions are beginning to evince strong feelings of dissatisfaction against their aristocratic heads . The democracy of Chartism , representing Labour generally , threw <> ff that pernicious ascendancy which its aristocratic wheedlers bad succeeded in achieving , for a season , nnd ^ r the specious support of Attwood and his middle-class coadjatorF .

      The democracy of the Trades has been the last to rebel against the aristocracy of their ord > -r . Hence we find that although the Reform Bill marked the triumph of democracy over aristocracy , that the long possession of power and ascendancy has so vitiated every section of society , that the pernieions principles pervading each have yet to be destroyed by the democracy of each . To meet this altered state of things Sir Robert Peel is compelled to adopt the policy of centralization , as a

      substitute for the old mode of governing tho dissatisfied many by the satisfied few of each class and section . All the vices of the old system still exist and unabated among the Trades . The managers , officers , and directors of Trades Associations have relied upon pomp , pageant , show , and external appearances to manifest a union of the body , without however , presenting any real strength for self-preservation , or any sustainable obstacle against the interests of united capitalists .

      We have drawn the faithfnl picture of class dissatisfaction and discontent , which pervades all sections of society with one single exception . We have shewn that under those feelings and apprehensions the battle of democracy against aristocracy is being fought . But there is one class , and that the most powerful , amongst whose ranks disappointment and dissatisfaction may txist , —but however great and galling their discontent may be , it never operates as the cause of disunion among the body—we mean the Capitalists , who are the very party against wnom the Trades in thtir present disuaited Biate hope to make head . They are the most powerful interested and combined union that ever existed .

      An opposition to this powerful union of Capitalists never can be successful until it numbers in its ranks bo large a majority of each Trade represented by a confederation of the united interest of all as will bespeak the union of all . Men as a body will be guilty of acts -which the basest individual of the body would blush to acknowledge as his own ; and hence we find the union of Capitalists marshalled under the moat sanguinary rales and regulations carried ont by the most tyrannical and unchristian arrangements , — which , although supported by all , attaches infamy to no individual in particular . So complete is the union of Capitalists , that not only their grievances but their profits become matter of concern to all ;

      while to meet this combination , each Trade is compelled to wage sectional warfare against the whole legion of Capitalists . Independently of the ability of the masters in any one trade being able to pit their " long purses" against the " hungry guta" of thtir Blaves , they have the sympathy of their whole order , as well aB the support of their united exchequer to fall back upon—while their workmen are left to struggle alone , sustained by the poor pittance ab 3 tracted from the earnings of each until the "box" is empty and the funds ex-: faausted : and then the batUe is to the stroBgwhile the weak , poor , disheartened , and more dependant return to a state of more oppressive Elavery .

      Tins union of the masters can only . be perpetuated hy the ascendancy conferred upon them by class legisJation : and yet , seeing the means and understanding the power by which their superiority is protected and upheld , the Trades whimsically , ludierooiJF , ignorantiy , and foolishly , discountenance aud prohibit discussion of the only means by which *• hungry guts" and "long purses" can be placed upon a perfect equality ; namely , by the achievement of eoual political power . A false reliance has

      hitherto been placed upon that Banction which the present Combination Laws accord to a confederation of labourers . But who so blind as not to Bee that even ihat is a shut knife—a locked up treasurea toy to amuse , but . not an instrument to be used ! True the Combination Law 3 confer the power upon labourers to meet , to unite , to discuss , a nd to acjust the terms upon which they are ready to sell their labour . Th / y also prescribe the lflDgth to which argument and invitation may go ; in ;

      Untitled Article

      * — 1 . . then a strike t > f any one Trade alters the . position of sooiety , and leaves to the master class , ar , magiBtratea and j -iror . 3 , the power of deciding thn . legal interpre- ' tatiou to he affixed to combination , argument , and invitation : and they never fail to brand the one as conspiracy ; and the others as intimidation and sedition . Hence , when the Colliers' struck under the sanction of law , Mr . Justice Creswell told society

      that combination must be put down—that the peace of the conntry must be protected , and that society demanded the destruction of a privilege which the law sanctioned , permitted , and professed to defend ; and tbuB we find that twojpoor Colliers , whose crime , had there been no strike , would have been punished with a month ' s imprisonment , were sentenced to transportation because , in conformity with the altered law , they had stood out against the aggression of their

      masters . The Capitalists axe represented in the Commons , on the Bench , on the magisterial judgment seat , in the jury box , in the police Court , nay in the policemen ' s truncheon , in the gaoler ' s conscience , and the union workhouse master ' s discretion . Added to these powerful sources of representation , they have also all the influence oontroul and power ihat under a bad system Capital has over Poverty : and yet the Trades , confiding souls , imaginejthat their " war of water" can resist such a rushing flood of heartless omnipotence . They bury their dead at their own expence , because Capital has usurped

      thec means of each family performing the last sad task . They send their children to Sunday schools and are thankful for the boon , because the monopoly of the Capitalists under , class legislation prevents each from conferring education upon his own family . They club their pence to support their sick , aud pay for medical attendance , because the Capitalists havo robbed them of the means of each supporting himse' . f in sickness and paying for hi 3 own medical attends * jt . In short , slave-like , they tax themselves , and sur j t to the tyrant rule of their employers , becaus' j ]^ the old rule of Toryism , their officers tell tb' tnat they muBt depend upon Trades' regulatio n 8 rather than upon political equality for their salv ation .

      The Ministers of the respective parties ' . are the last to give way , because there is a cbarir ^ \ n office that blinds their eyea , haTdens their he ? , rts , and makes their ear& deaf to [ the buzz of rising discontent . They yield to a hurricane of dissatisfaction alone whioh timely justice might hr . Ve mitigated or perhaps averted . The rulers of the Trades bodies are precisely in the same situation as the ministers of political factions . They v A ) l be the last to yield , until the all-conqueriiig power of knowledge shall teach them that a pa rty without a vote has no possible chance of tsai ntaining its ground against those who are s rmed with its protection . It is against this destructive , enlightened

      madness that the democracy of all Trades is now contending : and ' , he only way to avert that internal disunion which ere long must be made manifest , is by taking coud sel one with the other ; by bringing together , in v ne representative body , air those new thoughts , or / inions , and feelings whioh new circumstances have engendered , and a new policy would seek to contioul . We desire to see a perfect representation of all the Trades in the empire . The democracy of each Trade is alive to the necessity of Buch a step : and we believe that from such an assemblage means may be devised for strengthening the hands of Labour to fight its united , battle , even under the present system .

      All laws , however tolerant they may appear ^ all Trades' regulations , and sectional strikes , must fail in their contest against protected and united Capital . A union of "trices , avarice , dishonesty , cruelty , and brutality , backed by their own laws , and an accumulated amount of Capital frightful to contemplate caa only be met , combatted , and finally overthrown by a onion of those virtnes , morality , humanity , and beneficience from whose rightful store the plunder is extracted . Vice is only strong , because its votaries are united . Virtue is more powerfulif the virtuouB would but unite . Let us prepare the appliances of warfare . Let the Trades uuite

      as their oppressors have united ; and let tneir united feelings , sentiments , and opinions be fully , freely , and fairly represented in a Conference of their own delegates—fully , freely and fairly chosen ; and then the victory will be their ? , and its glorious results will live through their time , and be handed down to posterity commemoratiye of the triumph of right over might , justioe over injustice , and knowledge over bigotry , tyranny and intolerance . As the power of the Trades is omnipotent when properly marshalled and rightly directed , let every voice ehout aloud : "Trades of England , Ireland and Scotland ,

      * Awake , arise , or be for ever fallen . '" Your slavery is an act of volition ; and when you are thoroughly united , then you will be no longer a bondsmen" meanly bending your necks to the yoke of faction ; then will you stand firm and ereot in that position in which it has pleased God to create you ; then will you deserve the name of freemen ; then will you deserve the name of Englishmen ; then will En gland deserve the name of country , and then may you in truth , with prido and honour , call her your own , your native land . " Breathes there a man with soul so dead , Who never to himself bath said , Thia ia my owu my native land ?"

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      m r . . ^^— . — having altogether discarded politics and relied upon France as the basis of his power , and Capital being tho instrument , of France , and Labour the field from which Capital is acquired , the Capitalists , who traffic upon Labour , will make Peel ' s protection of their Capital tho condition of their support of hie Government . Working men , do not be longer blind . Do not . close your eyos against objects which are visible ¦ / s tho sun at noonday . Do not shut your ears ag&- nst that timely information which may awake / A pre . caution . Where is the man so bliud aa no * ^ t 0 g ^ so dull as not to comprehend , that centr / ' , j zat j oa j B ' the Pkkl policy : and that while throu& > , banka and

      railways he may establish the gr , » nd principle , through labour alone can he 8 uppJ- y the detai , 8 for carrying out the principle . It ' ne ba 3 oonstitated himself the great Governmeo ' , fiawloia { ageBt , he must confer a secondary p » wer and agenoy upon those through whose in / jtrnmentality alone his project can b « worked , - j ^ g ia thegreat difference between the old and ^ he new phase of Toryism-Under the old System ^ Ieadw K 0 Terned by the delegation of politif al power t 0 the head 8 of poli . tical sections ; wh ale by the new system the leader establishes hia * j ti 8 M receiver-genera ] upon the condition that Capital shall be protected in its contest against labour .

      The gre / jx fauitj nay , the crime , of the working classes » been their indifference to passing events , reserving their energy and their power to undo' . yhat has been done , instead of using them in tim <> . to prevent the evil . If half , or a twentieth P *' rt of the opposition that has been exhibited T . gainst the Poor Law Amendment Act , had been marshalled and used for its prevention , the " damnable aot" would never have become the law of the land . The simultaneous and almost magical opposition which stifled the Masters and Servants' Bill would have been but as a feather in the scale for its Repeal had it once become law . The instantaneous exoitement then got up was most providential and successful . We do not believe that one

      m every thousand wno joined in opposing the Masters and Servants' Bill are even yet aware of the extent to which that measure w % s intended to go ; nor can any human foresight imagine the lengths to which tho irresponsible unpaid justice—Capitalist —would have pushed it . Those tyrants require but the shadow of law . They will give it substance . Give them but the skeleton of an Act and they will shew you the full form of their power in the filling up .

      This announcement may be disheartening to the labour class—while the order will findconsolation in the fact that the progress of our Movement is principally distinguished by our better organization and preparedness to meet any Buddea assault of the enemy . In nine short weeks the " collective wisdom " will hare again assembled , and its deliberations will be chiefly directed to a consideration of those means by which what will be called the insubordination of the working classes can be kept down . And although their destitution and poverty—their want , dismay , and insufficiency of food—will be

      admitted by all , yet will the mock philanthropists , the sentimentalists , the Labour Protective Societies , the body-washers and body-snatchers , unite in the declaration that good must come from government alone ; that humanity means law ; that protection can only be a consequence of obedience ; that slavery should be mitigated ; that new laws are necessary to tranquil iza that growing spirit of insubordination which prevents the House of Commons from dealing fairly with the all-important question of labour :

      in short , as of old , that no terms can be made until those who demand shall supplicate—those who remonstrate shall sue in grace . As the time is short then let the mind be active . The dread of dissolution or natural death may stimulate tho dying to deeds of patriotism . Let the machinery be put in order ; and let every county , city , town , borough , village , and hamlet—every society , union , and association be prepared ; so that a week ' s or a day ' s labour will Buffice to lay upon the table of the House 6 uoh a muster roll of volunteers in Labour ' s cause , as will shake the resolves of Labour ' s

      enemies . To be forewarned is to be forearmed : and should the people be now taken by surprise , the fault ib theirs , not ours . Duncombe is upon the watchtower . He is ready and willing to fight Labour ' s battle to the death ; but a General without soldiers is as powerless as a Monarch without subjects—a shepherd without a flock—a lawyer without clients , or a physician without patients . We understand that a Central Committee of twenty-one , whose duty it will be to watch the assaults of Capital , and to

      protect Labour , to promote the registration of Chartist voters , and to receive petitions upon all subjects requisite for the strengthening Mr . Duncombk ' s hands , and whose sittings will be permanent in London , is now in course of formation . This will furnish eyes to the Movement , and the means for Labour ' s Protection ; and shall not lack any support that we can give it to make it an efficient helpmate in the great cause . And now to conclude as we commenced . Our readers may rely upon it that when the " old dog" breaks cover , with his nose directed towards Labour ' s haunt that he will " earth ''

      there , if not headed , opposed , and turned by Labour ' s friends . There 19 nothing too hot or too heavy for Graham to undertake . Ho is ready for anything—from "pitch and toss" to manslaughter : and will only stop in his mad career when his master , according to the good old legal maxim , is made responsible for his acts .

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      the Horse Ga «« » . 8 Or the Treasury . PriTftte virtues most of tho W ^ j g ,, hart—Rood intentions in p ;> Vitici existed in a tf w ^ them ; but they were latterly » p ? . Vty more celehr dte ( i for tho genius that bad deserted it . than what It 'stained—eminent in the senate for projects , that it jould noticurry , and in Iralmd chiefly notorious for alternations of coercion and corruption . < r / ti ttill the Clironicle lUare is sutaciuut sense in Ire' . and to diatrus ; its party , and sufficient spirit to resent its impertinence . ! The Whigs always looked on the Repeal movement aa the product of a design , on O Conneli ' s part , half mercenary , half factious , to keep

      up an agitation till the Tories could be expelled . They jadged birn by their priouiples , and as by their wishes . O'Connell ' g heart ' s hope 13 for the independence of Ireland ; Ireland loves him well , too ; yet she would sooner follow his hearse than his submission to England or bjs compromise with the Whigs , where he capable of either . We had wished to rem ;< ia in civil neutrality to the Whig ? . They seem to dislike our toleration . If they persist in their present coarse , Ireland must put a pledge , at the next election , to her members , to vote against the Whigs whenever the question is a party one between them and the Tories .

      Now then , can folly go further ? And can Irtland have a more slender reed to depend upon than the " private virtues" and " good intentions" of the party notorious only for alternations of coercion and corruption ?? ' ' Our friend cannot plead any justification for his rapid change ; because he tells us u the Whigs always looked on the Repeal movement as the product of a design on O'Conneix ' s part , half mercenary , half factious , to keep up an

      agitation till the Tories could be expelled . " In faith , Young Ireland , you never made a beter hit ! Money-grubbing , trick , treachery , aud design have been the four corner stones of your great" National movement . " O ! but then this is not all . As Tory-Chartists , we must derive no little consolation from the concluding sentence in the above extract . Ha ! ha ! ha ! Bravo ! very much bravo ! bravissimo ! Young Ireland ! So then , " if they p ersist in their present course , Ireland must put a pledge at the

      next election jto hfcr members , to vote against the Whigs whenever the question is a- party one between them and the ToRiEs . " Tnankee , thankee , Young Ireland , for your adoption of our policy . As we told you , long ago , yon will find our Chartist house ! the only refuge for honest Irish opinion . And whenever your party can approach it , our doors are open : but never agaia shall we-Waste time in courting or inviting yon , until you have adopted some defined principle , and we can rely upon your adherence to it .

      When yoa were full of praise of the Morning Chronicle , we told you that its proprietor , Sir John Eabthope , was a money jobber : and that he attached more importance to the addition of Irish security for the payment of Consols than to the priuoiplea of Wrbig or Tory , " justice to Ireland , " or Repeal . Good bye , God ble 3 s you . Yon will have a year of calm after the " rent day : " but calculate upon your fate from the wily appointment of your rival contemporary to fill the office of Chief Secretary to the Irish Botheration Courts .

      O ! what aj honied arrow the Liberator has stuck ia your ribs . You are doomed to be hugged to death . You ; should have known that the Liberator can neither bear a rival near the throne , nor ever forgive an act of insubordination . You have dared to try a fall with him , —and you might have stood , had you not placed slippery Whiggery under your feet . Yoa have fallen into your own snare : and yet we rather ] pity than revile you , because we know the impossibility of finding a market for honesty at any price in the land of humbug . '

      LABOUR' ^ ATTORNEY GENERAL , ; versus LABOUR'S PERSECUTORS . We last week published an account of another of Mr . Robekts ' s legal triumphs . There were , however , circumstances connected with the case of Gray and Blanby of whioh we were not in possession at that time . It appears that this was to have been a ruling case : and all the legal forms were drawn up by a combination of the wisest heads of the profession , to which Lindsay , the son of Balcauiab , was to have given full judicial effect . The preceding triumphs of Mr . Roberts had led the tyrant masters to the adoption of this safe though expensive course : and as soon as justice-made-law had

      triumphed , the fraternity griasing , hideously aud rubbing their hands joyously , said to their victims , — " We have you tight at all events . Now go to your Attorney-General and let him try hi 3 hand at getting you out . " The Attorney-General , nothing daunted by the threat or the legal wisdom and judicial tyranny opposed to him , did try his hand : and after two days argument in the Q / ieen ' s Bench before the Judges of the land , those hieh-minded functionaries did release the low-minded officials , victims : and the sneered-at Attorney-General , is about to commence actions against all the tyrants concerned , and : thus make them pay dearly for their first lesson injEnglish law . Tnia man i * really doing wonders j for the cause of Labour and should be well supported in everything that he undertakes .

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      SWISS POLITICS AND PARTIES . Below we give the second of the series of articles from the Journal de Geneva . It will be seen that we have this week printed the letter of the gentleman through whose kindness we have received these articles . Mr . Ireland is mistaken as to the motives which induced us to { withhold his name in connexion with the first artiole . Our only motive was , that we doubted for his own pake the propriety , of his appearance as a correspondent of the Star . Under 1 he present system we have , very reluctantly to withhold the names of many good men , whose appearance in this paper would be to their prejudice and disadvantage . It was our anxiety that Mr . Ireland should not injure himself , that led us to withhold his letter accompanying the former article .

      If we have erroneously stated Weitxing ' s sentencei the fault is not oars . We beg to refer Mr . Ire land to the pamphlet entitled Young Germany \ wkere he will find it stated that the sentence was " eternal banishment from Switzerland : * The article ] from the Journal tie Geneva will be found interesting ; but we do not think it necessary to offer any comments thereon at preseat . \ London , November 19 , 1844 . Sir , —I can , ' I believe , appreciate the motive Wnich induced yoa to withhold my name and suppress the remarks , with ! which I accompanied the translation

      forwarded to you , I shall not , I think , be far wrong in estimating it as a disinclination of placing me , before the public , in ! collision with yourself ; : a position in which , most assuredly . I should be sorry to find myself . Yet , with due deference to the superior correctness of your opinions , I must demur to your comments—demur , because I think a reperusai of the artiole in question , will shew that they are not applicable thereto ; simply because the writer evidently contemplates something more than the j mere possession ^ of democratic institutions : at the least , aa will be more particularly seen by the pre » ent ; article , a perfectionating of those in « titutions . i

      As to the circumstance you recite respecting the harsh treatment experienced by Weitling , which of cotme every right-minded man must denounce B 8 , moBt barbarous—what does it prove ? Why , nothing , to my mind , ( against the arguments of our writer ; but a great

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      - ¦ ' - . m - , - . . ' ' deal shewing that , so far from appreciating the import , ance ] ef communitary principles , the people of Zurich , woo , I believe , possess Universal Suffr-ge , do not Enow how to estimate the vUue of democratic insti'u' . ionj Sacrifices like Weitling ' a ever must be borne when men propagate notions with which the public mind is not able to grapple . You will please to excuse me for correcting a mistake you make when you say that Weitling has been banished from Switzerland . Hs'haa been banished only from the Canton of Znich . I could mention several Cantons where he mu > htgo ; and , most probably , propagate bis opinions without let or hindrance . Herewith yoa will receive the translation of tte second article . I am , Sir , yours respectfully , Thomas Ireland .

      P . S . —If , as I hope , the Journal de Geneva should receive a eopy of the Star , the editor may , perhaps , answer the question ? w- —ho are the ultra-Radicals and Anachista .

      SWISS CONFEDERATION . Geneva , Oct 22 , 1844 . We have , in our first article recalled the original signification of the word " Radical . " applied to the men ot a patty ; » nd it has been seen that this word was an exportation from England , where , now , it is replaced by the denomination of Chartist We have , besides , demonstrated , that destined to indicate a radical system of election to ( ha legislative chambers , tfaii word could not be expressive of the Swiss progressionists , who have obtained , even in oar Canton , which far a lone

      time remained behind the Others ; the abolition of all kinds of electoral qualifications—in a word , they have obtained Universal Suffrage , by means of which the sovereignty of the people is fully and really exercised . From this , in fine , we have concluded that the friends of Reform , effected since 1830 over the several points of the federal territory , were the true Conservatives , but Democratic Conservatives ; and that , actually , it only remained for them to utilise , with wisdom and perseverance , the elements of perfection and of prosperity which they have been able to conquer .

      The second part of the signification of the epithet " Radical" conies also to the support of our opinion as to the existence of a great political party in Switzerland , composed of the true Conservatives , about whom the aristocrats , the anarchists , and a third faction ,. , that of the ultra-moutains , of whom we shell soon speak , have vainly agitated themselves . Effectively , it ia known that French Radicalism , as well as English Radicalism , aims at a change of the form of Government : that is to Bay , that tbey both want to substitute the republican fur the monarchical form , or , at the least , to replace , under this last idea ,

      hereditary privilege by elective right . Well ! we ask if t we havti to occupy ourselves with this radical change in Switzerland ? Haa not our happy country been erected into a republic for many centuries ? Do not liberty and t quality , which , notwithstanding that fine title were for a long time unknown er badly understood , now reign here without exception ? No longer have privileges of birth or fortune an existence here ; the commoner takes his seat in the Councils hy toe side of the patrician ; the protectairt * near the possessor of great estates ; the cultivator , the artizm , on the same bench with the banker and tha rich

      capitalist ; every cifz . n , unless be may have been declared unworthy by the laws and by the tribunals , is a member o ! the sovereignty ; the people are not a miserable herd delivered to an hereditary family of shepherds , more or less clever , to strike them with the crook , and shear them or suffer them to be sheared . The human being feels himself to be veritably a man , and can display , without ridicule , the * noble stateliness which belongs to the Lord of creation . What more could we wish as to the form ? Nothing , without doubt ; and therefore , not more In one way than iu another , does the word Radicalism explain itself amongst us , and ought not to be , under the pretext of a ding any sophism whatever , a rallying word in our country .

      Now , no person can pretend , with any foundation , that in this respect we are incocsistent in our interpretation and in our principles , for never , in claiming , with the energy dictated by necessity and by conviction , the reform of the organic institutions—never have we taken this abusive title af Radical ; often have we suffered , from tha part of one shade of Reformers the reproach of not having inscribed on our banner , thia qualification , which erroneously , as it is seen , appeared to them essential . Thus , as it will be remembered , at tbe time of the strangest effervesence of the popular movement of the 22 nd November , 1841 . neither a subversion of the form of government nor an immediate and forced change cf persons was by any means attempted at G < iAev& ; the only cry which was raised under the windows of the Representative Council and before the doors of the Hotel de Vllle , waa A Constituent ! f This proves that opinion was liberal ond not redical or subversive ; circumscribed as it was withio the just limits of democracy and of necessary order .

      We believe ourselves able to give tbe assurance that these limits still exist ; and therefore we exclaim , — Radicalism what art tbou to ne t ( fry , if the time of tty work is tfcere arrived—go in France , or elsewhere ; extirpate the last roots of the principle of hereditary monarchy ; go and cause tbe principle of the sovereignly of the paople to triumph and to be practised amongthe nations , whom we have outstripped in this progress of utility and of justice . Leave us to perfectionate in peace , and with a wise spirit of conservation , the institutions of which so many millions of slaves or of subjects envy us the possession : thou hast nothing to dohere ; and henceforth every enlightened and sincerely democratio citizen will abstain from employing thy name , which , amongst us is only a barbarism .

      The Bloody And Brutal Spanish Despotism -Mukder Of A Patriot

      THE BLOODY AND BRUTAL SPANISH DESPOTISM -MUKDER OF A PATRIOT

      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sia , —You will greatly oblige me by inserting In the Star the following observations in reference to a statement in the Foreign Intelligence contained in your last number . It is there stated that " on the morning of the 5 th , Antonio San just suffered capital punishment for a crime committed last year at the time of the Centralist Revolution . " Sir . as it is in such papers as the F ' erdad—from which the statement was copied—that the vile and mercenarj tools of the aristocraty , always attempt to calumniate the characters and blast the memories of those brave patriots who fight and die in the cause of freedom , I think it the duty of every honest democrat to shield bis compatriots from calumny and slander by giving to the world a true and simple seatement of f icts .

      Sinjust was not executed for a crime . He was RUilty of no crime : but be was b rutally murdered under tho semblance of law , to gratify the bloody vengeance of the despots of Spain for the daring heroism he displayed in behalf of liberty and his country . It is no crime for a man to take awsy the life of an enemy in defence of hia own . But it is a black and damning crime for a > Government , whilat capitulating with » patriot in arms to offer him forgiveness for the past if he will succumb to its power ; and after ho ba » done so , to steep its hands ia his blood , lest at an ? fatare time he should again wield bis sword in opposition to its tyranny . Sanjust was a brave young man—a determined patriot ; . and the present rulers of Spaia are as tyrannical as in was honest , and as treacherous and bloody as he wa » brave and just .

      I am , yours , 4 c , A Spanish Refugee from the last Rsvolation of tbe Junta Central , Francisco Margakit . 7 , Peter-street , Liverpool , Nov . 18 , 1844 .

      2to 3kea&Erg Ana Corregpon&Entg

      2 To 3 Kea&erg ana Corregpon&entg

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      To the Rechabites . —The several parties , especially those from Scotland belonging to the order of Bechabites , who have written to Mr . OConnoi for h& opinion relative to the legality of enah institutien * will take the following as a reply to all . If tb » printed rules and regulations of the society are forwarded to Mr . O'Connor he will have much pleasure In publishing his opinion so that all who are interested may read it , and look for further adviee upon any point upon which they may be sceptical . Mr . O'Coanor cannot enter into private cortBspo" * dence with any societies , not even with the Chartirf »» of which he Is a member ; neither would hia whole time be sufficient to give a separate answer to ««» application . We have no doubt that Diniel ' a present thru * t at the Rechabites is preparatory to ttat bio *

      which we have shown Is intended to be aimed a * Trades Unions . If the dull and stupid have forgettea Din ' s attack upon the Dublin Trades at the time that tbe unions of Britain had received a shock thrcujh the Djrchester Labourers and if the ? have forgotten that Daniel invited plain John to prosecute the ebartista for niga treason long before tbtf just Judge even thought of ia ition and conspiracy we have not ; and therefoie we highly approve tbe judicious course ad opted by the Rechabites as well as Mr . O'Connor ' s mode of meeting the qnestion . Io these cases there is nothing like publicity . A Lover op Justice . HAttrwELt , had beat consult the "honest lawyer" he speaks of , who can best advise him , when he knows the whole facts of the case . We have not that knowledge , and therefore cannot

      advise . John Moss , Derby . Letters addressed on Short Tiaie Committee easiness to Mr . John O Ronrke , Wheelerstreet , Bunk , Leeds ; or to Mr . John Leach , Hadders * field , will meet with prompt attention . Ashton Ashton . Hollim gtood . The rules will have to be certified , if Mr . Tidd Pratt will comply witfc the request Some alteration will be required in tbe rules he speaks of , as a luw-deelsion has been had ott a former certifying , setting it aside as bad . T . Parratt had better exit on Mr . Hobson when be he arrives iu London . A Constant Reader , Glasgow . —Wait a wee ; we'll be at my Lord Provost , and feia precious police spy system in ft week or two .

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      LOOK OUT ! ANOTHER MASTERS AND SERVANTS' BILL ! The Fox is an animal remarkable for sagacity as as well as cunning . When an old dodger , accustomed to the " cry of the hounds , " hears the first " chop " of the dogs at his tail , he begins to think of that retreat which presents the greatest chance of seenrity . The moment he " breaks cover" the keen sportsman will at once discover his destination ; and

      although a hunted fox may beheaded and turned a hundred times in bis run , he will nevertheless , if not killed , make for that point for which he aimed at starting . Now we do not think that there is an older , more wily , more cunning , and certainly not a better hunted Fox in any cover in England than the " old dog" Gkaham , who has given the Peel club hounds so many good " runs" from St . Stephens , and who theugh often headed bas always made a run " Home . "

      So much for our sporting metaphor : and now to its important application . Oar readers have not for * gotten the national excitement created by the introduction of the Miles , Palmee , and Gallt Knight Masters and Servants' Bill ; or as wo more appropriately designated the project , " Labour ' s Degradation Bill . " Those at whose interest the blow was struck must also recollect that Graham did not introduce the measure—although he cordially supported it . So far Labour ' s Degradation was not made a Cabinet question : and hence we found many

      Tories speaking and voting against it , and finally joining our leader in his opposition to the monster . The effects that would have been produced , had that Bill passed into law , were scarcely thought of until Labour had escaped the infliction . To our own watchfulness and to Mr . Duhcombe ' s sagacity , discretion , perseverance , and management , the people owe their escape ; and it is that protection should not in future bang upon eo slender a thread as that Which instantaneous excitement , may furnish , that we now write to give time to meet the greater danger that threatens the labouring classes .

      A Government measure stands upon very different grounds from the proposition of an irresponsible party , howsoever influential ; and we have learned from a source upon which we have the most perfect reliance , and through which timely precaution has enabled us to avert many dangers , that it is the intention of the Home Secretary to meet the present revival of Trades "Unions by a measure , which though silent upon the grand subject , will haye for its object the utter annihilation of all combination amongst the working classes , wijereby their severa ' Trades may bo protected from the assaults of Capital . Representations are being daily ma . de to the Homo Secretary of the growing desire to protect labour by the revival tof Trades Unions ; and Sir It . Peel

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      YOUNG IRELAND AND WHIGGERY . " Tote row . Paddy , will you now Take me while I ' m in the humour—And that * now ?" Foregad , although we had firmly resolved on abandoning the " hodge podge" of Repealism , Federalism , and Rotativeism , until we had seen the description of mongrel to be produced from a cross of such different bloods , we are induced to abandon our resolve for a moment , to have one word with our facetious friend , Young Ireland . It is not three weeks or more , since our drowning friend ,

      ready to catch at any straw , recommended a union between the Irish Liberals and the English Whige who then represented the " Mind op England . " Well , we are not over squeamish . We are always prepared for a bit o [ policy , a bit of bounce , a bit of expediency , or a bit of "Jim Crow , " especially if it comes from the sister isle , and more especially if it comes through the loyal , royal , independent Repeal press ; though there should be some bounds to this wandering , and chopping , and changing . But , enough ; we shall keep our pledge to our readers , and no longer write about moonshine .

      Let us allow Young Ireland to speak for himself . At the close of the last month the Nation gave us the following laudation of Whigs and Whiggery in a leading article : — Can any dispute or doubt this fact , now part of history ? The Whigs , though out of office , are a powerful party . The mind of England is unquestionably in their favour . The Ministers pf the opposing party are

      constrained to mould their measures so as to harmonise with that mind , as their bestsecuii y for a permanence of p . « wer . There is nothing to prevent a combination of English Whigs and Irish Radicals , so overwhelming in power and sweeping in its results as to leave ne hope for Conservatism in Ireland but that aspiring for Irish freedom in which the voice of party finds no echo , and which absorbs all the less dignified promptings of history aod hope . :

      Well , was not that pretty strong ? Was not that a feeler 1 Was not that as strong an invitation as could have been held out to Ireland to sell the present movement to the English Whigs 1 And let us now see what our facetious friend says last week about the very same , yea , the self same Whigs , Here it is word for word : — The Phronide is the avowed and notorious organ of the Whig party . Its principles are Whig , its owners are Whig , its tone is that of the Whigs in private . Without public virtue tbemselves , they think every man can be frightened or bwaght , provided \ fliey hold

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      ; UNITED STATES . It appears by the news brought by the Acadia , that the Polkites , or Democrats , are gaining on Clat and tho Wb « KS . They have carried the election of the Governor of Pennsylvania , who , like the President , is chosen by the whole constituency , by a majority of 4 , 000 votes , and have also carried Georgia , as well aa Maine from the Whigs . No accounts have yet been received from the Empire State , New York : but the Democratic party has generally had the majority ia that State . The Whigs are apparently making great efforts , and their union with the Native American , Orange , and Anti-Irish party , shows that they arc anything but nice in the choice of their 'allies .

      The great contest would commence on the 1 st instant . That jday the States of Pennsylvania and Ohio wonld give their votes for the electors of President and Vice-President of the United States . Their decision will have an important bearing upon the general result . ) Tbe next accounts will be looked forward to with great interest . The Millerites having failed on the 22 ad , had postponed the " end of the world" to the 30 tb . of October-The papers of the 1 st instant are , however , silent on the subject . Probably another postponement has been decided on . ¦

      The Northern Star. Saturday, November 23, 1844.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 23 , 1844 .

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      * Protectalre , " a man without property . " f An assembly to prepare a constitution .

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      4 THE NOaTHERN STAR ; November 23 . 1844 .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 23, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1290/page/4/