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TO/THE UNFKA^ T CmSED TTOBKIKG ; i CLASSES? "
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^m 'fin intelligence.
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WELCOME TO THE METR^|^.
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A the Literarv and ^ rtenIfi el ? it 5 bou' "' s Organ-tlie NORTHERN STAR-to the Metropolis , will h < - held at on the Table at S ' ix o ' clock recL « S ' Jonn-street > Tottenham-court-road , on Tuesdajj- evening , Dec . 10 th . Tea the ocasfon . GUS ? Ct > KJTOa > B «« - Mr . Joshua Hobso . v , and Mr , G . J . IIahNEY , have" been invited , aud ' will attend on Fleet-street ^ , f Ai epe x % ^ i ; . . be ^ ined of tho Metropolitan Delegate Council ; of Mr . Cleave , Shoe-lane , sex-place , Sniners-town it , p , > \ 1 * * - Stva » d ; of Mr . Simpson . Elm-cottage , Cambec « -eJl ; Mr . Araott , Middle-StabVood , Little Vale-r . l ? ,. / J , acker - Ne ! v ? Agent , Harrow-road ; Mr . Brake , Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane : Mr . Oakley-street , Lambeth M ^ ' ir - T' ' ? nUt ! l : Mr - T ^ ma "' * Coffee House , Tottenhaiii-court-road ; Mr . J . G . Dron , Abbey-street , Hethnal ~ Aw "umJ'J ? rlt's » r ^> Collier-street , Pentonville ; Mr . Steward , Secretary to the Weavers , Cuffav , 40 y , Strand M t' ,, !> l ° i ' ' l "Set-place , Waterloo-road : Mr . Abbot , Hanoyer-street , Lewishum ; Mr . srove ; Mr . Patten den Sliim ^ ' n' Sf et-street , Clerken well '• : Ml ' . V . Fakes , 38 , Devonshire-street , Usson-Ford , Highroad , KiSthS 2 rtaS"V ? ° &lJ lttC 0 ' ^^ J ^ ; ^ ™*<*> tittle Windmill-street , Haymarket ; Mr . the Institution , Joha-streer " hitehow , 1 , Newland-street , Kensington ; Mr . Skelton , Cecil-court ; and&t fneiidaAyiir bejadnutted to the Gallery after Tea on payment of 2 d . esich . -
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- Hi-Igeiehds , —I asve now got deeply into the * £ a& year of agitation ; and being a constant and ^ teniiTe obeerrer of passing events , you most , if ypn girc me credit fbir anv discernment , suppose ihat j jiare pined some experience . JJ 1 the agitations gjai Tfe hear of , and read of , prior to that which orig fcatedia Marylebone ontiie 18 th September , 1835 , p ^ re i noTHmeaite snore or less in . connection "with . "tKe
jjjjtiffle cl 2 B&es , andTesuiieQ in the enactment of the He . ftgiz B 3 L The citation commenced at Marjiebone ifas founded on the disappointment created by the jfigjnal&ll i and I cannot be too particBlar in ieepfos joraattention ineessantlj directed to the one feet—that < mr Tmswening adherence to the princjplessf Cnartism , together "with our refusal to join in gax see&nal agitation , or for any measure short of gie "whole Charter , has siren a strength and importance to the -working classes that they never josbre could command .
It is al-ways a plt-sring- -work to me to be able to defend the Chartist * from all the assaults of their enemies : sut still more so to be able to show hov all other parties are , in the long run , compelled , vrhen their own crotchets iaii , to try our means for the nc ~ comnlishinent t > £ their otto object . I have often ob-_ 3 £ rre < l to my liesrars , that lay great value to the Forking classes is , that they understand every -word that I speak to them , and . ererr sentence that 1 ffrite to ihem . As the iieague promises to infest the / iaeiiqpdis once more , I ^ all select tbar present . iicfics ^ 9 ^ roof of the assertion , thatwAen their own - ^ ims ^^ Tssx : isi obugedjio ' sdovj , ovhs . Having FaBi im 7 am
L ^^ aBn ^ ^ men Tip ^ tb * yearl 843 , the ¦" ' I * aa 3 B « ame toaxesolntion to abstain from petiiion-. ^ " "ing iH-fi&rie «" We came 1 » . that reaofirfion in 1842-i One fif oor diaiges « £ aheenipeiepcy ; against ihfj ^' l&zvs ras ; thai fitef * &&bad : * &&&& ** beeansd igejiadifttools to complete their job . " They hadn't aaabera i&the House of Commons to give their partr anything like reasonable hope of success ; and ^ o supply ihat irant they have now directed their attention to the registration of voters , in the hope thereby to swell iteir Parliamentary minority . We have been prosecuting the same undertaking for more than eighteen month ?; so that here also the Lessrue have taken another leaf out of our book .
J { t reason for mentioniiy : this subject , and < Sf im _ pressiii £ it firmly upon your minds , is to esilbh tb ? triekery of the League , and your credulity , in the same Bicrnre . The League have started with the aEDocacement that ihey are not a political body : and as masters they have used their best endeavours to perpetuate ihat folly which excludes the consideration of all polities from Trades' meetings . Here
then , 1 think , Tre haTe them . They eschew politics ; ihey complain of a great national grievance , and assame the office of sympathizers and correctors : and thev axe obliged , after having tried the power of money—the power of the printing-press—the power of eloquence—the power of petitions—the power of intiniidafion—and . all the other appliances at their eomjnanc , to have rccouru at but to the MAiTTACTCKi of vctes to complete thfir work .
B" allihe great resources of the Leaguers require the auxiliary aid of a vote , and if tliey are incaj > able i > f ae / deving the olnect of the League without the vote , J ask yon what ehanee poverrjr—naked poverry—un protected labour , bag without the vote ' i In fact , nothing but continuous and systematic agitation can lead to the adoption of the best principle ; and nothing but discussion can develope the best plan fortheaceoor plishmeat of the principle : and hence it is that we £ nd the League directing their whole time , Thought , and energy , to the increase of free trade voters . Mr . C-obden , to < jive a practical illustration of tin " nopoli * ticf' theory of the league , kept Sir Hohert Pit 1 in omce ' and on this act 1 found an irrefutable argument to
prove that the augmentation of Free Trade voters cannot , and will not , realise their" object . Cobden is deservedly the leadty of the Free Traders . He is the leader , because he is the cleverest wrt >—the man of dost genius—the "best tactician—^ and naturally the - most amiable man . I _ an never afraid to confess an "ioaest ' jrepossession , ancT ' I honestly confess my opinion , that if Cobdt-n had not been shackled by the prejudice of party , he would have be € D one of the greatest men that this country ever saw ; but in proportion to his ability , is his power to do mischief ; and therefore my knowledge of his powers leads me to sreater watchfulness of his movements .
I sin iiowgoinff to shew that the League , stands in a different position to the Chartists , with respect to the Pfcriiamentary representation of their respective piincinles . The Leagne party must ever remain a .- ^ an is&lated partr in the Jiuuse of Common . -, until the working classes are enfranchised . 1 wfl ] shew you -srhy . If Cobdeu ' s sole object is the Repeal of tie Corn Laws , and if we are not to give him any
political character . 1 would justify his support ol . Sir Eol > en ~ Peel , for fin * reason - because , if RnsseD and tlii- Wiiigs « ame into © See ibey wonld not dare to pro-.= K « ji total Repeal of the Corn Laws , but . on the conirzrj , would be emboldened in their opposition to the Measure hy the fart that the Tories wonld support liem To a man . On the other hand , if the tViiKjs found that nothing short of a declaration in favour of Free Trade would ensure their restoration .
31 u a pBl that they would , however reluctantly . SB-aTo-ff . But -et < -n titen the League could not sue-Ceed , so long as the Tory party are in possession of tie major portion of the land that creates the TOte—the major portion of the money that buys the vote—and a major portion of the patronage that influences the vote . Therefore , as a distinct parry contending against both Whigs and Tories , or as a wiited party , joined with the jWhigs against the Tories , the League have not the shadow of a aliaJ ? of ehanee to acomplLA their object . Every
mai ; must be strnc-k wth the childish simplicity of dov ? who tell U 3 of the wonderful success the League have had in the JLorrrAcn-Ei , Gnd j-urrhas ' , of county 40 s . freeholders . They tell us that South LaLcajhire , ] &n upon the last contest by a majority of abaut fiOO , will oxs the next contest give a majority of IT' * " for the League : while they also boast * f havimr take :: Ihe aristocratir County of ^ Eddleses by surpri » f . This is all blarney . The answer to such an estravagant assertion i * . * ' I > on ' t they wish they may get it ? " These novices acttuJlv flatter themselves
tiiat ihe landlords , because they are not a permanent sgiiating body , are . therefore , going to allow the League , on the day of battle , to take the whole ajrritElturEJ party by surprise . I shall just narrate for yon a conversation that 1 had with Air . Cobden at the Blisworth station , the evening of the day that 3 beat him ai ^ Northampton . In comparing the respective chances of the League and the Chartists iirough representation , ilr . Cobden asked me , " Now , A& . tyconnor , don ' t yon think ihat we are much Ciore likely to secure the co-operation of the farmers
to carry our objeci than the Chartists are i" 1 replied , " Ho ; xnd for two reasons—firstly , because , gloss Over your intentions as best you can , and flatter the femers as you may , they will ever look upon you as a party incorporated with no other view than to dc-^ nrr their profits and render their engagemeiits infecure . You are not to judge of ihe pliancy or approval of the body generally , from the support you deceive from a few who pay a corn-rent , and w ] m " ^ obM , 1 admit , be beaefitted by the settlement of the Questjon . Secondly ; there is an insurmountable ob-* tacle placed between you and the farmers , which a Ppears TrhoHv to have escaped vour notice . It is
IMs—^ wiatexer their feelings may be , and however eoiiviuced xhey may be , of the justice , the wisdom , * && the policy of your project , that social link which binds them to the landlord will be stronger than any : inducement that you can offer them . They know that , ^ r all it is the will of the landlord that mnst give detaB-eSbctto any law that the Legislature shall substitute for the present arrangement . And now I wiH test their position for you by reference to the conduct i of a class nearest then- own order—I mean jour over-} lookers ^ deris , and Trarfihonaenien , ToB'ffillfDd then , I &ai aHhonghpersonsffllingthose officesin the emplgy Jaeni of ^ e tradfirs are your most ardent and violent I supporters , that nerertheless the overlookers , clerks ,
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and warehousemen in the employ of Tory Anti-Repealers are sternly opposed to you . Now , the same tie that binds your officers to you , will doubly bind the farmers to their landlords . If you dismiss an overman for opposing your wilL he has but to remove from one house to another— -froni one master to anotheror perhaps from one district to another : but when the farmer opposes the will of bis landlord , lie has his stock , -which he can ' t pawn : he has his capital , which be cannot immediaielv disturb without loss '
he has either a lease , and if so , an interest or expectation of lenity—or he has no lease , andthenheisa willing slave . Mow I don't think that you have ever seen the question in this light , nor have you ever considered that the strongest anticipations thai may be entertained bya farmer withitocfc will erer-in ^ sure his support eyeji in favour ^ of a vetry px » mising « x 4 -periment . " My Mends * I write Has "fetter for ; ihe purpose of inspiring you * witli / confidence in vours ^ ves ; and with ^ the belief t hat tWrty , or eyei twenty , Chartist members who would " o&&aef' ihe .-whole business of ; the Honse , ; would have better '^ chance-xtf roci ^^ P ^ m iJie Eeagu « " ^ an Jioi ^ blyl ^ ntSapato . for ^ b ^^ f ^^>^ ^ , - - - ' '' ' ' ¦ y : ^ " *' ?; : ; '¦ : "
Oar space is now so valuable , that I mast draw to a close by shewing you , firstly , the value of a "vote ; and secondly , the value of even a small and compact representative party in the House of Commons . The value of the % -ott . On the return from war to peace in ] Sl-5 , ihc landlords anticipated a fall ill the price of produce . They had a majority ia the Commons , and commaDded the Lords . They asked for fsoixctios—and got it . Four years after , in 1819 . the Capitalists cried out for pbotectios—and they got protection- In 1 S 32 , the manufacturers , ' who were
represented in every locality by the enormous amount of wealth they had amassed , and that wealth being represented in the House of Commons , they demand 9 d the Reform Bill as their pbotectiox and they got it , because they were represented . In 1817 the Hand-loom Weavers felt the effects of war prices and diminished wages , and they petitioned for ' pso-TECI 10 S , but they were not represented , and there-TOBE OUB WISE GOVERNORS REQtlRED TIME TO DEUbekatjk , while the poob STABVED ! They in us t have Committees of masters to deliberate , and Commissions of masters to report ; and for twenty-seven years they have been Committeeing and" deliberating ; Commissioning and reporting ; and the case of l ) ie
poor is not yet ripe yor hearing at the tribunal of thf rich' The legislature refused to legislate ; the sufferers smashed their common enemy , machinery ; and they were transported and hung while the landlords , the money lords , and manufacturers , are revelling and rioting on that ascendancy which their representation , achieved through the exclusive enfranchisement of their own order , has given them ! Now then , in a * ubstantial point of view , ought not Labour to eontend for representation ( So much for the grand principle of enfranchisement : and now just a word about the advantages of having thirty , or even twenty , representa tives in the House of Commons .
If Duncoiube had twenty men to back him , the law of " sedition , " of conspiracy , constructive treason , of riots , routs , and Tumults , would remain a dead letter on the statute-book . We should never again hear of honest working-men being sent to prison , to hard labour , and to the silent system , for giving vent to their sufferings in burning and reproving language . We should hear no more of political martyrs : for our representatives in the House wonld take up every s ]> eefb for which a poor man was tried and convicted , if the system was continued ; our lawmakers would repeat the speeches as their own , defying the Government , and daringthe law officers of the Crown to put them on their trial ; so that we would
thus give free scope to discussion , or else bring the law into universal and well-merited contempt , by shewing that there tea . * " one law for the rich and another for the poor , " shewn in the fact tliat a poor man was suffering imprisonment and hard labour for speaking ¦ what the law called " sedition . " but what the representative might repeat without danger or dread . Under all these circumstauces . then , I think the League have furnished the Trades in particular , and the working classes < : enerallv , with an irresistible , irrefutable , and conclusive aiyument in favour of the agitation for the vote alxne all other systems that have been or can be propounded . J am . vour faithful Friend and Servant .
Thursday . Dec . 5 , 1 * 44 . Feabgps O Coxxor . P . S . 1 may just say ihat I have attended three very large public meetings already thi > week ; and however our enemies may crow , 1 never saw a better spirit manifested by the working classes than I have witnessed in London . If it dies , it shall not be my fanlt : as I am determined , even though I stood alone , and though all the Trades were apathetic , drowsy , or asleep , to try a fall with Sir James Graham in the great battle betwmi Labour and Capital . F . OT .
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SPAIN . MadeU ) , ^ ovembkb 2 o . —General Prim was taken out of prison at six this morning , put into a coach , and sent off to Cadiz , where he will be confined in the castle until he can be shipped off for the Havanna to undent his six years' imprisonment in the Moro Castle . It appears that the supreme military- tribunal to which he had appealed against the sentence of the court martial , delivered in their verdict last night , and the government has lost no time in actins : upon it . This tribunal has confirmed the sentence of the court martial a < raint . t I'rim and his military colleagues , but 1 ul > granted a new trial to the civilians tried with him , on the ground of incompetence of a council of generals to decide on their cates . It was aniicipated that the supreme tribunal would have quashed the sentence of the court martial , which is considered absurd bv impartial persons—inadequate
if the court believed the charges against him of being at the head of the conspiracy to assassinate Zsarvaez and overthrow the government , and unjust and tyrannical if they did not . Instead of deciding either that he was iniilty or innocent , they choose a sort of middle course , and award him six years' imprisonment , which the supreme tribunal contains , and the government acts upon instanter , by shipping him off to Cuba , to spend the time in the Moro Castle . A council of war , which was held yesterday od some otneers , accused of lx > inp implicated in the alleged conspiracy some months back , has condemned Captain D . Jose Bartoli and Commander D . Pedro Contreras , to ten years' impri- ^ onment in a fortress ; and Lieutenant 1 ) . Antonio Callojo to six years' ditto . The court-martial appointed to try General Araoz , at "Cadiz , for partieijiation in the late conspiracy , having found him guilty , orders were sent from Madrid on the 24 th to execute the sentence .
The demand made by the British Minister ( ilr . Bulwer ) that General O'DonneD be recalled from Cuba , had , it was said , given considerable umbrage to the Spanish Government . General Isarvaez has been made a grandee of Spain of the first class , -with the title of Doke of Ardoz . — Ardoi is the village M-herv SeoaDc ' s troops went over to him , and which fpat has been stvledby all Moderado writers since then , as the " dor ious victory of Ardoz . "' The best proof that it was no victory , but a mere affair of buying and selling , is , that the * troops , who , according to the Moderado version , were defeated , were allowed to share in all the rewards and promotions that were conferred upon the other troops who had " pronounced " against Espartero .
TiXLVKS OF TEE LVSCEKECTIOX . AfiEEST of ZuRbaso ' s Sox . —Accounts from the seat of the insurrectioD in Spain leave no doubt that the movements made by General Zurbano in Soria , and bv General Ruiz in Upper Arragon , have completely failed . A letter from Logrono , published in the Phare . det Pyrenets of the 27 th , gives the following details of the capture of Zurbano ' s son and his brother-in-law : —
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After the affair of Montenegro , in the direction of Soria . in which Zurbanb beheld himself deserted \> y all the foot soldiers who accompanied him on his entry into Sajera , he could only think of seeking for safety by flight . The Queen ' s troops , divided into various detachments , wete in active pursuit of the fugitives ; and the number of those who iave submitted has amouhted -to fortj-six . The younger son of Znrbano , bvname Benito , chef d ' escadroa in the army , was yc-sterday made prisoner , as well as his uncle , an innkeeper near Loyrono , and a servant . After having abandoned their horses , one of which was found dead from starvation , they had hid themselves in an olivt wood , near the village of Varca , not far from Logrouo , where Benito was born . ; It was the sight of the
abandoned horses which put fhe troops on the scent , and when the fugitives were taten : their condition wa ? desperate . They had not . slept for ? several night ? , and tnore -than ; &nr ^ and-twcn ^ rhours ^ had elapsed without . their havvag -m i ^ - 'foo . d ; - ' : ' ' ^'' tb ^ bofn ^ - 'te ^ en 't 6 / L 6 ^ pfioi ; 'trencraI Oribe ' liajL given orders" r have" them shot , 'but . a .. few instants after he suspended the : execution , and applied for fresif instructions iroin the' Captain-General of Burgos . . 3 ^ 8 twEurbatio ; 'and his ferothSf-in-latv , Cayo Murq , it . appears positive that the former' was not far from his son , a 'little ; . 'befijre tbe latter . was ; arrested ; and , as to tb . e second , he is supposed to be concealed in the mountains of Gameros . Considering , ^ however / the active $ earclfthat is made , it is almost impossible : foi * them n ^ bt to fall into tiie hands of bitf ^ troops . . c
- Aletter . fromt ? rdo 8 / ofthe 25 th , 5 ays-:--" General Buiz , the head of the last insurrection in Carthugeua , has again taken refujre in France , accompanied by his two aides-de-camp , Colonel Gavila and Colonel Ca .-ernova . They were immediately sent to Oloron , aud from thence to Pail , to be examined by the Prefect of the Police . General Ruiz , notwithstanding the extreme rigilnncv < jf the French police , succeeded some time since in crossing the frontier , and having appeared at Hccho he induced the inhabitants to take arms against the Government . I told you before that he succeeded in disarming some carabineers stationed in the two valleys of Ilecho and Anso . He also took a company of troops prisoners .
General Kuiz appeared , therefore , to have made a very fortunate commencement , an <] determined Upon making an attempt upon Jaea , n-hen the news of the approach of a column from Saragossa carried terror among the insurgents , and a few shots fired among them dispersed them completely . In the middle o ( this ruin general Ruiz had nothing for it but to endeavour to escape into France , and the remainder of the insurgents having thrown away their arms , returned to their homes . This insurrection has , therefore , failed , and the two valleys are at the present moment entirely subdued . It is reported that rjrarta , the ex-political chief of Huosea , also joined General Ruiz -in the insurrection , but to the present time i ; is not known what has become of him .
Ihe Prfssc announces that independent of General Ruiz , Colonel Gavila , Commander Casanova , a lieutenant of carabineers , six of the soldiers disarmed by the insurgents , and three young nien compelled by Ruiz to follow him , had arrived at Ol&ron . The only revolters who opposed any resistance to the forces sent from Navarre and Saragossa , were the peasants and the smugglers . As to Ruiz and others who were with him at Heeho , the news of the approach of the troops sufficed to put them to flight . " General Ruiz , " adds the correspondent of the
Presse—Declares that he has been betrayed . He had , he said , been induced to enter Spain by the promise that the tOWll and citadel of Jaea -would be delivered into his hands . He expected , besides , that the entire of Upper Arragon would have raised the standard ; and his sole exploit was confined to a cov . p de main in a nest of smugglers . The peasants , after their defeat , sought refuge in the mountains , where they were awaiting a favourable opportunity to cross the frontier . VTe have no accounts of Cgarte or Zurbano .
The Atbociocs Murder or Zurbako ' s Sox . — Letters from Madrid of the £ ith ult ., published in the Paris papers of Monday , announce positively the shooting of the younger Zurbano , together with his uncle , and their two servants . We find the following in the y ational : — The Government has just caused General Oribe to be deprived of his command of Iyogrono , for not having immediately shot Zurbano ' s brother-in-law and Bon , after having merely proved their identity . Oribe is not suspected of compassion , but he was on the spot ; he saw what interest Zurbano ' s relations excited in that country , where the services rendered , in the name of Isabella , : by all his family , were well remembered , ilen of all ranks and nil opinions had besought the execution to be deferred ,
and the prisoner ' s wife had proceeded vritliout delay for iladHd , accompanied by a deputation from the town and province , who -went with her to implore the ltoyal Clemencv . A most heart-rending seme took place on this occasion . At the moment when the two Queens were leaving the palace , the young wife of Benito Zurbano threw herself at their feet , and , with her eyes streaming with tears , and her voice bruken with mjUs . prayed and supplicati-d them at least to > pttrc the life of a being so ikar : <> her . The deputation joiut-d iu h i-r request , and fr . jjn the whole group arose expressions of the liveliest jrrl' -f . All the persons who stood around appeared most drcply utlVtted . The Ajuvx-ii-jnotbrr , it imist )> e ; ickiu'w Wge'l , could not behold such : i spectacle without ff-iins ; a strong emotion ; but her daughter , the worthy
dauzhur of Ferdinand , remained cold and unmoved an a status . Neither the cries nor despair of the poolwoman kisitliii ? at her feet , nor the supplication of the iimnbiuuus ui" Lojrrono , nor the \ n \\ which for a moment unet-teti h < r mothers soul , nor the emotion of the by-- ; andirs , could even cause a ]>; vlpvtnt )>) ii in this wretched creature's heart , who contented herself with drily replying to the unfortunate wife , " The Council will decide on th- request . " The Council accordingly assembled ; and , t . i be present , Narvaez interrupted the pleasure which lie « as enjoying at Curaba - nchel with the illustrious Munoz . X" < lelight in Xarvaez ' s mind is equal to that of ordering ai < execution . He therefore hurried in , and , after the Council , urders were despatched , at the same time , for thf dismissal of Oribe and fur the execution of Zurbano ' s son : m < l brother-in-law Again blood' Always blood' . They will spill it until its fuines suffocate them . ' Oribe ,
befid > - > , is not the only one deprived of his post . Another dismissal , which has produced u great sensation here , is that of thf Political Chief Beiui \ ides , a furious Moderado , a very bitter Conservative , a man of violence , if ever there vvas one ; but who , however , is nut equal to those at present perpetrated . The following is the cause of his disgrace . —At the first report of the insurrection the Cabinet ordered him U > drive out of Madrid a crowd of persons of : ill rauks , whose very name gave umbragv . This list of proscription -was so extensive and so absurd , that iienavides thought it necessary to pause ; and at once the Minister of the Interior called on him to send in his resignation . The other replied that he had no wish to quit his post , and that he must be forced from it . This was done , and General Chacon was appointed in his place . ' This nomination of a ( Jeneral to a place essentially civil has raised an outcry eifn amongst the friem ' s of the faction . But tliev will still behold ofher similar acts . '
The C (/ iwtfti'ti"itnfl bitterly dcnouiifcs thl-s savage murder : — The identity of the prisoners was , it is true , established , but there was no proof of-their criminality ; and , we in » y : idd , nothing can be further from proof than that there was any other culpability in Benito Zurbano than his being the son of hrs father . He was taken almost rvione , i-oiicj-ah-d , and without arms . Can we , therefore , be asioaishcd if ir be hereafter shown thaf lie disapproved Of the insurrection , and that he wished to avoid by flight participating in those sanguinary acts of reprisal which parties in Spain—even those in possession of the government—perpetrate upon their enemies \ Prim has escaped , thanks to a species of trial which , from the very iniquity of the accusation , excited an universal opinion against it . The son of Zurbano has been executed without any form or process , as if it was determined to hasten his death in order to tear him from public compassion . In civilized nations , to execute a man without trial is not
punishment , but murder ! The hel-ou , like the fimstitutionnel , credits the lfiuirt of the youmj man ' s death , and in a somewhat ni \ T-born horror of Narvaez and his Government , wr ites as follows : — (" crtainly we had no great confidence in the Government of Spain , but we were far from expecting such enormities , even from a Cabinet directed by ^ Narvaez . Are those the men who denounced as a crime the execution of the unfortunate Diego Leon , who were to open to their country a new era of reconciliation and peace , and who designed to enlarge the field of political discussion ' Now , more than ever , we congratulate ourselves on having refused all adhesion to the acts of this soldier-government , which holds itself up to universal reprobation .
When it is remembered thnt this lnuch-dqpounceu tiovenrment is that -which a lavish distribution oi French pold and the aetivity of French intriguers alone called into existence , tvc cannot feel much sympathy -with these crocodile tears or these late protestations against >>' arvaez . State or Cjltaloxia . ^ —Accounts from Barcelona state that the Baron de Mcer is convertbig the place into one large citadel , and that great discontent prevails throughout Catalonia . A preat number of officers have been separated from the regiments in garrison at Saragossa . General Balboa sends dismal accounts here of the state of Gallicia , describing both himself and the troops as wearied out with con-Btant service . His system is one of terror , and requires constant vigilance to keep np ; a few days since countrymen who had taken shelter in a cottage publichouse , near Vigo , from a storm of rain , were drinking ¦ wine and playing at cards , in which they were joined by a chaplain of one of the regiments , who had been
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ohlujed to seek shelter also ,, aM who it appears lost 8 ? 2 S 4 TO , $ 3 F » Whickmadehim sulky ,, whenone of , ; ^ c <) untr ^ en , j ; okin §; 'Mm on his loss , told him not to besui ^ for he woHia . be more so . soon , when h& would have io cry " Viva Espartero . " The cliaplau £ on : returning to Vigo ^ orteS this conversation to General BaJtbaoj andtfcttirn ^^ tnog ^ ipr lh e poqr 4 ellojv fi ^^ mevsoldiei ^ wwe sent after hiiri . and he -paa hroupt intoVigo arid- 'fafcen to the square tvheBevthe troops were drawn up , arid he was ordered to ' rogftvelQO blows with astiek on his bare back , and after being terribly mangled and fainting under the punishment , was thrown into prison , from which he was eventually . removed through the efforts of some humane persons to the hospital .
Madrid , Nov . 2 b \ — The Madrid papers of this day ' s date confirm the accounts of the atrocious execution of Benito Zurbano and his uncle , at Logrono , along with their two servants . It appears , however , that the name of the brother-in-law of General Zurbano , who was shot , is not Cayo Muro , but Juan Martinez . Cayo Muro is still at large , and is supposed to be with Zurbano . There are forty-six more of the insurgents in the prisons of Logrono , and the orders of the Government are that they should all be shot . Even this sanguinary feast , however , is not sufficient to glut the vengeance of Narvaez , if we are
to believe the Madrid papers . Several other officers are to meet with a similar fate . Several other general officers have been banished from Madrid , for apparently no other offence but that of having served under Espartoro . A report was prevalent in Madrid that General Prim had been rescued by a party of cavalry on his way to Cadiz . Nothing is known of Zurbano ' s whereabouts . There are as many reports about his movements as there are provinces in Spain ; but the prevailing opinion seems to be , that he has gone towards the Portuguese frontier , by way of the mountains of Toledo .
More Horboes . —Murder of Another of Zuitiuno ' s Soss . —Madrid Papers , of the 27 th ult ., contain some details of the melancholy events at Logrono . A letter in the Gazette states that the other son of Zurbano , Ballanas ( liis aid-de-camp ) , and five others had surrendered to the General commanding in that district , and were immediately ordered to be shot . Several others , who had surrendered at Burgos , had undergone the same fate . Zurbano still contiuued to eludo his pursuers .
PORTUGAL . Listio _ n , November 27 . —The Chamber of Peers , by a majority of eight , passed the bill declaring all the edicts of the Government , twenty-nine in number , promulgated during the prorogation of the Cortes , and consequently without the sanction « f the Legislature—laws in force from the date of their promulgation . The twenty-nine "laws" wore presented to the Chamber en masse , and all separate examination and discussion opposed successfully by Cabral . A dreadful fire , attended with the loss of twelve or fourteen lives , . -took place in Lisbon on the 21 st of November . The Municipal Elections throughout the country , with few exceptions , were carrying at the point of the bayonet in favour of Ministers .
GERMANY . Hamburgh , Nov . 22 nd . —The Senate and College of the Ancients have just , declared in favour of emancipating the Jews . YHiat principally decided our two highest bodies in tho sta " tb"to consent to this act of justice , is the Immense aacrifices which tJlC Jews of Hamburgh Lave made to succour the numerous victims of the fire " of 1842 , and the spirit of patriotism and charity with which that body lias been animated for a long series of years .
SWITZERLAND . The Swiss JoriiXALs of the 2 C > th ult . announce that the Central Tribunal of the Valuis has just pronounced it * sentence oh tho principal leaders ) of the late revolt in the Valais . M . Maurice Barman has been condemned to twnty years' confinement in a state prison , the deprivation of political rights for life , tht- payment oi" tho expenses oi the war during three days of the revolt , and payment of the amount of the loss sustained by the destruction of several bridges , and the fire at Vernayaz . These indemnities , are subject to diminution by whatever amount may be fixed for his accomplices , but in the event of non-payment M . Barman is to bo held responsible for the whole , lie is also condemned to pay the expense of his proseeution and trial .
Ihe Nouvelliste Vnuduui states that affairs are taking a critical turn at Lucerne . There is great , exasperation in the- political parties , and the President of the Directory is compelled to have a guard for his personal security both at home and at the Govenunent House .
GREECE . More Trouble . —The news from Greece is of the most disastrous kind , not so much from any new and extraordinary facts , aa from the accumulation ot proof | hat a plan is in full and Vigorous operation for undermining the constitution . The only elucidation of the present state of thinjjs is this , and to this aJonc every step of tho Ministry tends . The bonds of . so ciety are recklessly relaxed—confidence is lost in the courts of justice—nine murders , and above 100 highway robberies , are admitted to have occurred , crimes
of late years almost unknown in Greece—numerous forests burned , no offenders apprehended , and , in fact , except Athens and Nauplia , the inhabitants of towns afraid to travel far from their protection . The most serious part of the drama is , however , played in the Chamber of Representatives , . where General Griras and his ruffians are bullying the independent mem !) crs , and bringing the existing system into the utmost contempt . We fear that Russian intrigue is not idle , and the consequences will be-most deplorable at no distant day . By an Imperial ukase , of the Hvd of September , Greek papers hiive been interdicted in Russia .
TURKKY . Constantinople , Nov . 13 . —Steam continues to go a-head hero . The government has just decided on running a Ninall boat six times a-day between Stamhouland Scutari , on such low terms , that row-boats ( which arc excessively dangerous in winter ) can no longer ply with any chance of success . A commission has just beeu formed for the organization of the new police system , which cannot be realised with too much celerity . Last winter burglaries took place as regularly as the night came , and no housekeeper had a
remedy but his own sword and pistols . I have heard that printed Turkish placards were last night posted up in various parts of this capital , representing the eminent successes of Shamil Bey , in Daghestan , over the military forces of Russia . I have not succeeded in getting any further intelligence from Circassia , but it appears to be moat undoubted that the Russians have suffered dreadfully through this campaign ; and as this becomes generally known , the awe with which they once inspired the Turks will cease , and be replaced by feelings which may , in the end , lead to disagreeable consequences .
EGYPT . Alexandria , Nov . 19 , —We have received accounts from Alexandria of the 19 th ult . They state that the Pasha was still at Cairo , attending with his usual activity to the affairs of the country . Moheniet Ali , l > oing anxious to people the new town of his name now erecting in Nigritia , had ordered that all robbers should hereafter be transported thither , without undergoing the penalties of the bastinado and gallics , to which they -would have otherwise' been transported .
BRAZIL . War between Bhazil and Buenos Ay res . — The latest news from . Rio Grande is that the war between Buenos and Brazil has at length commenced in earnest , several skirmishes having taken place on the north side of La ; Plata during the inarch of the Brazilian annv toward Monte Video .
UNITED STATES . WORKING MEN'S MOVEMENT . Boston . —For . sometime pasta movement has been in course of progress in the States of New England , having for its object a reduction of the hours of labour , and the adoption of other measures calculated to ensure to the working classes a rightful return , for their toil , and their ultimate emancipation from , the tyranny of capitalists and landlords . With , such objects in view , a Working Men ' s Convention hks been held in Boston , a report of the proceedings of which we have been favoured with through the medium of the Boston
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Labourer , a paper devoted jto the interests ; pf the Operative ^ cuiBses . ' The ( Jctfnvention assembled at FanejuU-hall , Boston , , pii T ^ dhesday , October IGth : 'Jt' here ^^ ^ ye ' , two ° "li \) u ^ Fed jilel ^ aies present , pre-Mde 4 oyer , by : Mr :. ^ Si-- ^ Sghfcbf-Boston . The delegates safe two c&ys , andjadopted a number of exceUejai ; re ^ bluiiohs . | n . th ^ course , of the second day's session , the following inost important and able document was submitted tio the delegates , and by them unanimously adopted ., j Addbess of the mechanics andlabourers , assembled in Convention at Boston , October 16 and 17 , 1844 , to their feihw ¦ mechanics and labourers throughout the United StaUs .
There is no subject which claims our more serious and candid attention than that which refers to our condition as labourers . What this condition is ; if correct , how it may be maintained ; or if notjhow it may be improved , are questions which we are imperatively called upon to decide . To n consideration of these questions allow us to call your candid and immediate attention . What is the present condition of the workmen of America ? By the declaration of rights , which our fathers made , and which they maintained with their fortunes and their lives , we are instructed to believe that all men are born equal , possessed of equal natural rights , and designed to' enjoy equal civil and social privileges . The
propagation of this self-evident truth formed an important era in the world ' s history ! and was designed , first and foremost , to aft ' ect the condition of those in whom the feudalism , of former times ] had recognized only serfs and dependants on the will of th ' e crown or the aristocracy . To ensure the prevalence of this truth , ( fare was taken in the structure of our government , to secure its operation throughout the civil body , by giving to every member of the body an equal voice in the selection of rulers and the formation of laws . To what extent a democracy has be « n realized , it is not our present object to inquire ; upon the practical bearings of the question we can each speculate and decide for ourselves . :
To another feature of this ; matter we would more especially call your attention , j . What is the present position and condition of the working men of America , considered as the actual pvoducersiof Wealth ? Labour is the only creator of value . Making use of the materials furnished by the God of Nature , it gives utility to what was before worthless , or increases value where it before existed , supplying the necessities and adding to the comforts of humau life . Tf the position to which we have previously reverted be correct ; then have all an equal right to labour , and to enjoy ( the blessings which such labour may ., create . A given amount of labour produces a given amount of value , which ' , according to the position we have assumed , should belong to tho producers . Do we find this to be the fact ? 1
If there are those in the community who lire not actually eug-aged in manual labour , or , in other words , who are not producers , who do nevertheless receive value , it must follow that by some means they obtain possession of a part of that which is produced by others ; and we do actually find that a larpre portion of the value which is l > n > 4 uted by Vabour is in some way secured by those who are not engaged in productive industry at all . It is then evident that the greater is the amount the smaller must be that retained by the actual producers ; or the greater the number of the non-producers , the heavier will be the burden upon , and fhe smaller will be the reward of the industrious labourer . With the given amount in the ca * e , -we have little to do at prcSen t ; it is of the principle we complain , which we see illustrated in the . self-evident fact that the reward of the producers diminishes with th < i increase of the non-producers .
The division of society into the producing and the nonproducinpf classes , and the fact of the unequal distribution of value between the two , ! introduces us at onee to another distinction— -that of capital and labour . And here we find a wide difference to exist , involving on the one hand the idea of dependaWp . Labour now becomes a commodity , wealth capital , and the natural order of things is entirely reversed . Antagonism and opposition of interest is . introduced into the community ; capital and labour stand opposed ; the non-producing classes wage , war with the producing . ; unl t-xeessive aud deadly competition incite tlie Jivoducevs tv ^ tiinst each other . Money be comes power in the hands of thij capitalist ; disunion and competition Uerome weakness on the part of the labourer . Tin-interests < if the ftw' become permanent , thu . m-of the mass are neglected ; the few rule , while the many MT \ e ; tho few are affluent , while the nbanv are miserable .
We would not h ; t \ e it supposed that this ultimatum has Ikhii reached by us . or that uur condition as Working IUCI 1 is reduced to that extreme of ivr « tchi * dne . < s t <; wllicli the labourers of Europe have long since arrned . But we do mean to assert that our present system of labour in / itl ' sc in )> n ' nWj >/<\ and in practice unjust and oppressive to our / elves , aiul injurious to the community . ] In England the system ha * doue its utmost ; it has raided the few to more than kingly wealth , while the many at the same time are sinking to the lowest degradation of lutter misery and wTetchedness . In our own land similar results are beginning to show themselves , and must be seen a . « i inevitably as like causes produce like effects . i
1 . We believe our present system of labour is false in principle . In the decree " in the sweat of thy face thou shalt eat bread , " we trace the original design of the Creator . Not that one should ; toil and another eat , but that the fruit of industry should be enjoyed by him who exercised it . Not that the few should rule , while the many ser > e , since God has revealed himself as the ruler , and all men are brethren . So far as we are able to discover the destiny of man from his organization , it is not merely to buy and sell and got gain , but to bring out and strengthen those exalted natures with which he is gifted ¦ while our present system ot'labour would assert the former , but deny the latter . Thus does it deny in principle the evident facts of his nature , and entirely disregard those laws to which we are to look for the indications of his destiny . ;
It makes labour a commodity to be bought and sold in the market , and man a mere machine . It deprives the man of all the power of an agent , and binds him as a helpless victim in the shambles , to become the property in possession of the highest bidder . Deprived of the land , wo had almost said of all those facilities and materials with which the Ood of nature has furnished man for the exercise of industry , the labourer has no longer an opportunity to rely upon his own hands as capital : he can no longer . if will create value which , when created , is to be his own ; but lie must sell his commodity—his labour—his " manhood—to another , to receive therefore the miserable pittance which but reieala his dcffraiUitiou , without increasing his store . 1 . The present system ot" labour is in practice unjust and oppressive to oursohes ,
because—2 . It introduces false standards of judgment . It separates the capitalist from the labourer—placing the former with his respectability on the oiie side , or rather in the foreground , while the latter , with his toil worn face and calloused hand , is left to occupy the rear . It gives to the one power , to the other no alternative but to submit . It crowns the one with honour , the other with disgrace The one , though he may never have produced a single cent ' s worth in value , is honourable ; the other is despised , though he may have added thousands and tens of thousands to his countrv ' s wealth .
2 . It deprives the actual producer of value of a fair proportion of the same , and the reward for his toil which is justly his due . This it docs by t ) ie introduction of excessive competition amongst mechanics , caused by the increase of facilities for protection , which every year are thixm ing hundreds if not thousands of mechanics out of employ—thus bringing man in ( direct competition with the inanimate machine , and giving to the latter the reward which should only and of right belong to the former . j . The present system of labour not merely dooms the labom-cr to excessive and over-protracted toil , but by consequence denies to him the cultivation of those social and
mental natures uith which he is'endowed . Receiving , as he does , but so scanty a pittance for his toil , he is under the necessity of protracting the same to procure for himself the comforts or necessaries of life . If four hours ' labour should be sufficient for the satisfaction of human wants , provided all would bear an equal share of toil , if but half the community bear it , | the burden is increased to eight hours , if only one-third , | to twelve . Then worn with the Labour of the day , drawn out through twelve , fourteen , or even sixteen hours , ; he has little heart to engage in mental labours , or howe > er greatly he may desire it , he has no opportunity—no time .
4 . The present system of labour disregards the great tie of brotherhood which should finite all men , and brings into the most deadly and hostilejcomp ^ tition parents and ohildsen , brothers and sisters , the child , and the man , the male and female . It dooms the jveak , the young , to bear the moBt grievous burden to gratify his own cupidity . Through the introduction of labour-saving machinery , it is constantly supplanting the labour of the male adult , introducing instead that of the ! helpless female , or the still weaker child . Iu fine , the present system of labour i
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n ¦ introduces utter , isolation ,. opposition ,, and . wm ^ titi ^ n , destroys the very life ' s Wood of iadM ^ J ^ es ifjfce slitve of capital , " drid tramples " on the laws of * ir pe" » gv the plain defined laws of the Creator . Again , the present 3 ystem of labour is injurious to ^ e community , beca-nse— - 1 . —It eticourages crime by compelling lateness * ' T 6 e two , it is said ) go band iiv hand ; and our own observation will assure us that if bonest industry will not procure a livelihood , dishonesty or immorality must . As we have
previously shown , by our present systejp of labour intelligence is . discouraged , or rather forbidden ; idleness is encouraged , and even compelled , and destitution and misery the inevitable result . A people were never known to be ignorant , idle , and miserable , and still virtuous . The statistics of England , France , and other countries , of Europe abundantly prove this ; and even amongst oar selves we are compelled to admit that intemperance , di s * honesty , and licentiousness find nowhere a stronger support than iu the present derangement of the social system , and the discouragements and difficulties under which
labour exists . ¦ i . —it creates great disparity in the fortunes of men > and great inequalities in tile interests of the State . Look at those nations where industry is truly the Slave of wealth , and side by side you will behold the princely rich and the most miserable poor : nay , a nation wealthy , hut a people wretched . The commercial interests rise , moneyed institutions prevail , and all the instability ac- ? companying overtrading is the inevitable result . ' \ r - "' 3 i— -It causes a great waste of . industriatppw ' erJNihiscks productive effort , discourages honesty in labour , _ aiid ; djbi teriorates the race . .- / , \ . iu -: ^ i \ zii ^ ! ^^ - And need we ask if a system , Ihus * £ r ^ tfuj ;^ thB . mogfj
deadly evils , is what it should * Wi Bypo toe ^ nS ^^^ i form is demanded . The only ^ question ^ whichj r ^ emainsJSij ; how-it . may , be _ secured . , T ^ his : isi pne / ' w ' nic ^^ m ^ id ^^ ogc ' most serious consideration . ; . " It ; is _ tii 4 | .. ^ Mia 5 jfe i pl } ient : wjucb is ^(> w greleritecj "for solution , to . the i ^ prJQngjlg e ^^ the " nineteenth century . " We do not propOS jf at tpik . GlijiJV to enter upon the wori . It must be the business of ifgpfyand prosecuted by every individual who lias an intere £ f } -. jii industry . " It demands tlie , attention , of every l 6 y ' er ' of ! fiiS country and humanity / and he who ; gives ihe . satoe' is eminently the benefactor of his race . To a few points allow us to call your attention .
One of the first things at which we should aim is the spread of a more general and loftier intelligence . As working-men , it becomes us well to investigate our present position , the relations we sustain to capital , and the causes which have already operated to reduce us to the condition iu which we are at present . Knowledge of the laws of cause and effect , and a candid * examination of faets , are absolutely indispensable to the conduct of reform . We must rely upon ourselves in this matter . Too longhave we allowed others to think and act fov us ; and , submitting-, to their guidance and dictation , ive may expect still to toil on in our present helpless state . The work before us is mighty , and the preparation needed is great ; but confidence in ourselves should he manifested , and more than half the preparation for the mighty effort is
secured-We should ever distinctly remember our object ; not to elevate ourselves by depressing others- ^—not to subvert all society ; but to establish a correct one—not to war with any mail or class of men—but to elevate ourselves—to strengthen the bonds of our brotherhood , to remove oppression , to assist the weak , to befriend humanity , and to emancipate man . For these purposes we should endeavour to promote unity of action amongst ourselves ; Frequent assembling together , that we may become acquainted with each other ' s wants , permanent associations , and all worthy efforts for our common good , should be diligently attended to . At present we are divided , isolated , and opposed . Frequent association and confidence will to a great extent remedy these evils , and secure for us in action that unity without which it is impossible to accomplish any portion of the object we have ultimately . in view .
Now is the time for some action . A beginning must be made . Every day disunion and competition sire increasing our weakness , while the evils which oppress us are accumulating in number and magnitude . Not a moment is to be lost ; while we have some power let us use it . However small may be the commencement , time will reveal the tremendous result . True , we have many obstacles to oppose ; but these should serve as no cause for discouragement , but rather to incite us to the higher and more determined action . Other movements , it is said , have failed ; but the present is based upon a broader platform—the eternal principles of right ; and so long as these are maintained we have the best assurances of success .
The ; numerous associations of working men which have already sprung up throughout New England , are most encouraging signs of pTomi&e . The deep interest which is being awakened throughout the community , and in special the ground which is assumed by the working men , j ; ive us the greatest cause for hope . The sacred spirit of liberty is again revisiting the earth ; the undaunted zeal < jf the fathers once more reanimates the sons ; and the marshalled hosts are gathering for a glorious contest and a bloodless victory . Through the once darkened future tlie glow of hope is seen , which tells of the coming of the broad day of freedom , when man shall stand erect in aU the dignity of his nature—when violence and oppression shall hide in the darkness of the past—when labour shall he disenthralled —the supremacy of hnmanirjr asserted , and the worljiiig man stand forth confessed as " earth ' s trfte nopleman , " ;
Among the resolutions passed was one for the opldinjj of a Convention to organise the New England Association ; the Convention to . meet at Lpwellai the third Tuesday of March , 1845 . :.,. .,.. . ; , -,
THE POLISH REVOLUTION . i ' . uiis , November 30 th—Yesterday being the fourteenth anniversary of the Polish revolution , the refugees assembled in the church of St . Snlpice . j where a solemn service was performed for the repose of the souls of their fellow-countrymen who fell in the conflict . A Polish priest officiated . In the evening there was a dinner in the great room in the Rue de ( fivneille St . Honore " . —Galignani .
Hrt-ssels , November SO . —The anniversary of the Polish revolution Was celebrated here yesterday , by a solemn funeral service in the morning-, by a meeting at noon , at which all the speeches were delivered in the Polish language , and by another in the evening , where the orators spoke in French . The chair at the latter was taken by M . Casteau , a member of the Chamber of Representatives , M . Gendebicn having been prevented by a domestic calamity from presiding on the occasion .
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Bradford . —Father Mathew . —On Monday evening a public meeting was held in the Temperance Hall , Bradford , to sympathize with the Rev . Father Mathew , and adopt means to relieve him from hia present embarrassments . Dr . Beaumont was called to the chair , who opened the meeting and stated its objects in a most eloquent manner . Messrs . Rochfort , Priestman , Muff , Holland , and Hanson , severally spoke in praise of the zeal and exertions of the rev . ' gentleman . At the conclusion a collection was made , and a committee of eight persons was appointed to obtain subscriptions . It was announced that tlie private sillweriptions amounted to £ 30 . A vote of thanks was earned by acclamation to the chairman , and the meetinir separated .
Buadford Tropical Emigration Societt . —The members met in their large room , Stott-hill , on Sunday , the 1 st hist ., at the usual time , the attendance beinjr more numerous than on any former occasion . It wus announced by the Secretary that the shares ot £ 2 each , which had already been taken up , amounted to 10 ") , with prospects of a iuHlier increase . Ringlet . — Tropical fljtioRATios Society . — -A society having been in existence in this town for the last fourteen or fifteen months , for the purpose of carrying out the plans <> f Mr . Etzler . as laid down in his works , the Paradise " Mechanical System , " Ac ., the members and friends have had the pleasure of receiving a visit from that sviipl' - ' nian . who has delivered a course of three Iwtuvps ill the Mechanics' Institute , much to the
edlfication <>! ' every thinking and reasoning auditor . The subject iff the first lecture was on the Nature , Climate , Soil , and Productiveness of the Tropical Zone generally ; in the course of which he clearly shewed , that even there alone ; there is land in abundance , and easily obtainable , which , if properly cultivated , would be sufficient to support many times the present population of the whole globe . The second lecture was chiefly confined to an exhibition and cxplauation of his models of the machinery for cultivating the land , and performing other necessary operations of labour . This lecture has gone far to remove the erroneous impressions of persons previousl yunacquainted with Mr . Etzler ' s system , many of whom ( among which may be classed some of the principal
mechanics in the neighbourhood ) are convinced of the entire pi'aetieability of his inventions . In the third lecture , Mr . Etzler gave a full explanation of the plans , objects , and prospects of the Tropical Emigration Society , together with a particular account of the Republic of Venezuela , its form of Government , advantages to Emigrants , &c . ; showing the benefits likely to arise to the society , by taking advantage of the proffered grant of land in that beautiful republic . The town of Bingley has the honour of having formed the first society in this country for carrying out the plans of Mr . Etzler . In commemoration of which , the members and friends took tea with Mr . and Mrs . Etzler onf Sunday , the 24 th ult ,, and spent a happy and instructive evening . A great many -shares-have been taken up jn this , and the neighbouriug- town of Bradford ; and the members are anxiously
looking forward to the time when they will be enabled to . bid farewell to this land of oppression and misrule fand , in a happier and freer land , enjoy the bounties which nature has amply supplied for all her children . Mr . and Mrs . Etzler left for Newcastle on Monday morning , where many shares are already taken up , and there is every probability that before his return , the first 1 , 000 shares will be completed . At the usual weekly meeting of the Bingley . branch , it was resolved—" 1 st . That > -returns ^ f the number of shares taken by this branch , bdrfent \ e > ik& central ^ branch in London as soon as possible . . ¦ 2 nd . ^ hat a notice of Mr . Etzler ' s lectures be sent to th ' e Forihem Star , with a request for its insertion therein ; 3 rd . That the thanks of this society are hereby given . to . the proprietor and , editor of the Northern Star , for the faciiityjof publicity afforded to all the great movements of oppressed Labour , struggling to acquire its proper positioB . " >
To/The Unfka^ T Cmsed Ttobkikg ; I Classes? "
TO / THE UNFKA ^ CmSED TTOBKIKG ; i CLASSES ? "
^M 'Fin Intelligence.
^ m ' fin intelligence .
Welcome To The Metr^|^.
WELCOME TO THE METR ^|^ .
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Y 0 L . YIIL NO . 369 . SATURDAY , DECEMBER 7 , 1844 . ^ tt ^ £ riS PJEZ ¥€ V ¦ . - * ¦ . ' WlTWm ! i ^ mp % 9 ad Sixpence p « r Qanrter . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ - . - ¦ iw . ? " :. *«» . - j ¦ :
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1292/page/1/
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