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.\?omrm HrntcIU^nrr.
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TO THE EMPLOYED.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Hi Fbtksds , —Xo circumstance has so much conduced to the impoverishment of your order as the jjTtsponsIbllitT accorded to governments and eapL iaHsts in all matters concerning the employment Df labour by ilalthusian philosophers and political eroj ^ aaj ^ ts . "Whenever sn assault is to be made upon £ ie wagesof the working man—for now to talk of his remaining rights and priTilefes is a force—the law ' s pas = > 3 u : «* to the hovel Is al \ rays pioneered by some ^ oodjistmvd professing Mend , -who sees in your habits and jaode of life , rather titan in tlie law ' s inequality or ihe employer ' s cupidity , aH those obstructions which
stand in the poor man ' - ' road - . in short , that , but for iieaiKUTes , paradise , \ z the words of Mr . Elder , is jmhln the reach of alL There is an assumed symp 3 tLy asd candour in ihe writings of tho . « e who undertake the championship of labour which have their intended eSect upon all classes of society—even upon a large portion of the working classes themselves . The masters who profess the largest amount of sym-• patbv to-irarxls the employed , justify their red action of the poo- man ' s -n-Rges upon the feasible pretest that more than mere competency leads to the dissipation o f a large portion of that amount which , if expended
upon necessary articles , would be ample for the ? uj > - port of a family—nay , leave a surplus for hoarding . Eei * ee -we find the Messrs . Chambers , upon -whose cuunaable tJocrrine 1 am now about to comment , 5 toutly contending that the greatest amount of comfort i * an inevitable eonseqnence of the reduction of wag > to that standard out of which a pinching existence may be eked ; and that all beyond that mere existence point i > as t-viL As thP Messrs . Chambers have contrived i /> arilA ^ A xeiy larse fortune out of the pence of the
labouring classes , their recent brutal attack on their own order is in perfect keeping with that return which the working classes are in the habit of receiving at the bands of those whom they have raised from poverr ? to anhienc-e ; -while the blow -aimed -at labour , Ihrouch the lamented improvidence and dissipation of the labourer , has an appearance of candour which . 1 st for the now justly entertained suspicion <» f the eniploved , would lead many to the belief that the }» les > rs . Chambers had rightly stated the ca > e of their cHeiii . s and properly asasrned the causes of their
dis-1 b speakim : of a candid friend , Mr . Canning de-Scribt-d the vrJue of such advocacy in the following lii ^ — *¦ OV't me thi avonrti , the eivci . the manij for . ii-i ' -i 1 can th-.-z ,-prf-hap- may turn his blow : But uf all j ii : rat"S . s >~ jd He 3 *« i . ihv wrath rja > ci : > l . Sa » r . sjit—O = a * e me m > iD a candid friend . '" So j ^ i' 1 : and give nie a thousand times over the 2 Ttiw < ii andmaolv declaration o / AJderm .-m
Brookeli Tihr Lord love re . we are -all for ourselves in thi > ¦ jryrld" in preiereciv u > the candour of the Messrs . Chambers , who . with mock sentimentality and affected sympathy , tell us candidly , that that labour is honourable la )> oiir whit-u Las amassed £ l > i . K *» M > I »_ v rvdueinc was * - io the standard that will enable thteinpioyer to nieel all the hazards , liabilities , and fiurruaiioas of foreign and domestic ronipetkion . Le ~ l 1 niay appear to over-state or to mis-state the Cast-. 1 shall give you the Mi »; -. Chambers own word * They say : —
"Ihi < A 4 iffatson 1 « ki-ep hi ? placr in liir murk-t . raaMthr Tn ^ nuf&crurt-r ti * xn ^ c a * linlr S 3 br czlu . His itrz ' iings pnjbaV" . * -a-nulil mducr him t" zivc ^ Teri onr a hi ^ h imr-r : bo : ibis i ~ a mailer of business , noi _ >! frelinir . He CS 2 - - 'IUt gi > e the wa ^ res which ids Eei ^ K'urs—that i ? . bis C' jZZipi-2 1 * jts— -sii- ? . If aiil otiitT jnnniili « rtXLr * -r ? - < jfi * rr zt TUT iifJtn , sui'b as jourst-lf . 20 s . a week , tben I eann . » t jirc i ^ ore . If 1 were U > gi » e you myre . and iinutbtr ia-jr > r , and so i > u . 1 cunld not manufacmre ^ o cbeaplv . Mj pr . 'it--. aii > i probable more than my pnjnr > . svouid be all Siit-n a-rav . > u maa ib > ii ^ senses will du > nch a thins . iK-u " : -uu see ihtrv are aH conipean ? a ^ rain-t each vtber . Xhri t ^ t to sat =- - £ rterj iteus -jf expei : drttirf , ciuJ ¦ vva : m STl "_ -Z ^ T Tru- -ri ^ r ^ -
N-- -X what does the reader think of that ' . and oonusg from u * ie of Labour ' s friends too . " I can very readily believe that feeling ba < nothing to do with ib « Question , and thai all it xontier of bmdness , even vitL Mftssis . fitaaibers . A Ions standing puzzle is , howr-ver . solved by the above admission . M ^ ny persons Ken- at a loss to understand how the English manu - facturers h 2 A e "ijeen enabled to amass larce fortunes sinciianeousi f -with the exigence of the poverty of that rinxs wL-o ^ ' - labour , we are told , consiitutes from 4 S I ** !* i * per cent , of tht- value of the manufactured artieic-s in wiiii-b they deal , and from the traffic in wiiLrL they have become inordinately anddanserously ricii , as if by niacif . Tne problem is now solved , ho-wever . TLt Messrs . Chambers havv oj » cncU our eyes , £ . * 1 Live rr- 'lcv .-. l u > fh > m all astflnishnit- 'Ut . From
tiit- arx-vv pan- — raph , taken m connection with many Other isa-saet- of the Mes . srs . Chamlx-rs" candid deieii ~ of the working chisse < , we learn tliat the auir . » r . ruj >] .- ia ;< iiur "i" the t ^ aj > italist , which is accomj-aiii ^ : by sj : niH-h anxiety and mental torturi ' , conjtsis in the arithmetical solution , as to how tax lusses 2 uai 1 ^ sastaiaed upon aH ot her matt-rials used in mairofiii-tiirrd -articles , and still a balance may bt ien ii ; - = iYour "f the manufacturer by a reduction &i Ys ^ : -
i i'jt-uni ; - tac calculation is made somewhat after tin- iVL-o-a ii ^ : f ;» hion : —If £ 2 * . > , 0 W » capital , with an cXt-Ldliure vf £ 3 , 0 i 0 in labour—thai is , seventy ha ^ 'Is at £ ] a-week each—give 12 per cent , profit , wlm - * ill be the profit upon the £ 2 v , 'MJ if the rate of wajt ~ is re « iui-ed to 15 s . a-week t Answer—16 i per C-ea :.. or Xi » Io stolen from the seventy men ; that is , £ . lo a-head i < vt year—an ample sum to make each independent of the Poor Law bastile , charity washing , ciiaritv exercise , and charitv schools . ] t is not
too much to presume that the parties—although Mr . Chambers stoutly denies the existence of partnersbij 1 , —' rvho ? c money-capital and labour-capital are 80 closely welded up together , should hare something iikv zi united interest : but it is rather anomalous , strange , and unjust indeed , that the owner of the CapikJ -of . £ 1 « honld make all the calculation , keep aS li * books , and balance all the accounts , as to iu >^ h ? may"be rendered secure from risk , danger , and liability , insuring hia profits from a reduction in la ? value of the £ 0 i ) in the labour .
Messrs . Chambers set their faces nft-t ¦ uneqajvot £% agBinsv labonr combinations ; while we discover froia the above passage that the poverty of the work-Heii is not , as their advocate would make us believe , a consequenee of their own excesses , improvidence . 2 sd dissipation , bat a consequence df a combination Kt-ompetlifcrs , who , although not associated together , are combined by the tie of interest , and go-TerLcd , not even by general rules which all should obey , but regulated , as he candidly confesses , by that ntJ-e of action laid down by the greatest screw amongst the competitor * . Thus , if A is one of Mr . . Smith ' s cii » of 5 fX * -votton spinners , and if he , with less ' ¦ eibk , '' und a better eye to " bcsixzss , " thinks pr . ' . jKT to reduce the wages of his hand ? , Mr . Smith au'i tie oibpr 4 i ^ co mbinators , always ready to i&criaee " ft-t ? iin 2 " to " * bnslisess , " coxpt . i . t . t . j > to loJlo-w A ' s example- for we never find them combiidas -srith the men to resist the reduction of A . The jn % .- > of the land have laid down the law of conspiracy u > mean , that if 10 , 000 persons have cornfeed ibr tie same purpose , that any two of those , or
&e whole 3 < J , fflH \ t-onsLsting of two ' s in 5 , 000 diferent pieces , however far apart , and though they never met w tKjrrespt . iiiied , nevertheless are all conspirators ^ an equal deirree . -1 have no hesitation , then , in SSerting that Mr . Smith and his class are conspirafoss , aasoeiaied tosetber for one common object , and iha . 1 object is the plunder of the labouring classes ; and the Chambers ' s of Edinburgh are Attorney and Solicitor-General to the conspirators .
As this tract of the Chambers' is the most viBanous , i&sidioiis , and unchristian that has ever yet been pub-. Ushed . 3 am determined not to leave a page , passage , sentence , line , or word in it unanswered . Hitherto , &r . Chambers has been the bottle-holder of his friend &r- Smith while he has been training against a kind w mummy , Mr . Jackson . I have this week unrolled fe- suanmy , andbreathed alittlfilife into his nostrils ; and before 1 close my commentary , the buffer Smith , * Ed the mummy Jackson , sball have changed places . Pamphlets , coming from such quarters , are very ^ ac seroBs , if unheeded and ¦ unanswered . Jn 18 il , ^ League set bd the Hon . and Her . Baptist ^ Xoel as
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the sympathiser and Mend of the poor . He wro ; e a vast quantitx of rubbish , with which h- mixed up a vast quantity of sentimentality . I Us trash wa > placed in the hands of almost every working man . I an . swered it from my solitary dungeon , when no other hand was raised for the defence of Labour , and the consequence was , that all who possessed the trash consigned it to the flames whereas , had rt remained unanswered , it would have had theeffect of strengthening the liands of capital , and of paralysing the nerves oflabour . This week I have written the first portion of mv replv to Messrs . Chambers' candid defence of
the working classes , and 1 shall continue the subject until 1 compel them to retract their w damnable doctrine . " t > r lessen their amount of Income-tax , paid by gleanings from that I . abo \ ir of which they are now the most selfish and deadly enemies . In the sixth page of this week ' s -Star you will see the beginning and in each successive number you will see the continnation to the close . And for your own sakes , not for mine . I ask yon . if you pass over all rise , to read my reply aloud at your several associations , and to keep yourpapers as a record of my unflinching support of your order . Your faithful and watchful friend , FEiBElS O'CONNOR .
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: KllA . Nl'K . Locis Philippe " at Home . " —( Frvm onr ovn O »/ - rf . * poiid-tit . )—In tht . Witivnal of the 8 th inst ., the following instance of legal brutality is recorded . Your readers may not . perhaps , l > e aware of the strictness of the ] H > lire noim * in relation to prostitutes , who aiv compelled to l > e regularly licensed , and take up their abode iu a civen quarter . They must also submit to periodic examinations by surgeons duly authorized and appointed for tliat purpose . The following account shows the aniruus of monstrosity , in a citizen Kinu . and how a '" declaration of rights" so jiL ^ tly celebrated can be twisn-d to the most despotic ends It is . however , of a pi nee with the li-st . The Freiifli papers have been nlled with accounts of ^ yurkini : www arrested and condemned to heavy penalties , with
absolute ruin and degradation , for merely asktntr Jn-rmissson to asst"mbk * for the discussion of trside inteii'sts . and trade grievances , or thrown into saol for several month ? , and then released , without trial , for Wins * usr > eeledol " a combination . Thousands in rranivhavo and are now l > eing ruined by > uch acts , so periei-t ts tli > - macliinery of espoinage . - 1 ij <] ycl , iu bwad « LiyJijrJit , some rive or six Ivinds of well-oiiranizt'd rubbers aiv prowling a ) K » ut Paris , robbinsr and murdering even where , thi ^ jwinsr the town iutosin-ba pani c that jurii *? are almost afraid to tind them guilty , and witnesses can l > e p ^ roenred only witli the -jreate > t ditiiculty to aj > - pear against them . This i > the domestic policy oi Louis Philippe the " Napuleon of Peace . " Let your readers ponder over the > e facts , and then , takin < : U }>
M « - ^ srs . rhamber >" s " Ix-ful and Kntertaininu " Tracts , No . 1 , jrive their fair vcn ' . ict on that mendacious piece of humbug . l > ut t <> our fact * : — " Then are < -ases where deiiuiiriation lxttiaie > not «> ul > honnurablc and legitimate , hut a rigounjuo duty when raisins the voice «> n l > phalf of the ojipn-s-f ^ l ]> i > tir , an appeal is made to the tribunal of public opinion , toexpose the odious abuse of an authority eMsiinsniOy fur thp prutection of innf » cenee and morality . 'I he deed -that we are about to narrate , established in a publi .-court , took place under the » -y « - > of an indiirn . mt people , and if we witbli- 'ld the nanie ^ . it i ^ imt out oi regard for the truilt \ functionary , but in respect for the victim . l > uring tin- investigation of a police i-a s * - ofl thel'rth . Nov . last , if w .-i-s provexl th ; u a 1-oimms . stn
of police of one of the three consolidated communes , under the influence »! suine vague > us ]> icions , had caused a young girl , only fourteen years ot a < ie , to b ° taken from her jmrental abode , and conveyed to the cabinet of a sunreon , where , spite of her tears and protestations , he caused her to undergo a personal examination . Great was the emotion of the auditory when the young victim deposed l <> this instance t > l arbitrary brutality , whik- her recital , )< e _ run withsob > , was at leu-jrh totally inaudible by the violence of hur feelinirs and the emotion of the auditory arose to t ! ic highest pitch -of indication , when the suruewii adtieu his testimony ihzit tht * iniKt-ence of the > n-nin waproved by the very act that n » bbetl her <> f her character and virtue . Herfauiih is poor and hrnce
unable to enforce lhal rejiaralion which , " -yen with money L > hj Ihih- likt-ly to b <> obtained with such courts of justice as France can boast of . with such juries , and , last of all . against act > mmissary ol police . An outrage so tlairraiit on the liberty of the subject —an atteni }> t so odious , we must say . nut only on the most sacred right , but on that holy and eternal feelius «> f mode > Ty . the more invaluable t <« thp daughter of such jK- « . }> le . Inrcause it i > A . t all—thi » ou ^ ht not to pass unpunished and triumphant . We know uot what pretexts « ill If alleged t . i justify a functionary in an act so culpable , but what respect , what confidence . < -an authority in > pire , while it remains in hif hands ' . i \~ liat family , with such an example ln-fon- then ) , will rial tremble tor \ Vr > deajt-st interests , and for its most iiit ' miau- relations ?"
T . B . L . Bream i l Yxrx . in Paihs . —At three o ' clock i > d Sundav morning a lire w ;>* observed tu bj- >* ak out at No . 23 , Rut- Cadet , which presented a mo > t alarraiuu appearance . M . Gore , the commissary of j » olic-e ot the district , immediately proceeded to the spot , and ba-vinjr procured the assistance of a detachment of the 47 th regiment , who wen- quartered in the neighbourhood , every effort was made to arrest the procress of the flames . Their exertions , however , were unavailing , and the fire , after having consumed the upper part of the house , penetrated into the vast ¦ w ine stores of 34- Buhner , situated on the grooudiioor . ^ L Buhner h ad barely time to save hi * papers and " account-books . The effort * of the firemen were confined to the preservation of the adjoining houses , but , notwithstanding their exertions , the fire extended to some of the adjacent dwellings . At nine o ' clock , as one partv of the firemen ,
¦ exhausted with fatigue , liad been relieved by i a party from the Rue Vieux Colonibier , a fresh disaster added to the calamity . A wall fell out into , the street , and crushed s-cvend persons . The dead ; body of a fireman was withdrawn from the ruins , to-; trtrfher with ten wounded , two of whom shortly after-, wards expired . A Municipal Guard had his foot I crushtd , and several persons of the neighbourhood , , who had exerted tbenu * 3 ves mo < t heroieally , were ' . more or less wounded . The parish priest of the church of Notre Dame de Lorette , who attended at ] the scene of desolation with one of his curates , shared ; the dancers of the humblest mechanic , and escaped a : certain death by almost a miracle . M . You , the 1 commissarv of ]< olice , and the colonel of the 47 th , rejriment , were likewise , exposed to imminent danger . j At two o ' clock the firemen at length became masters I of the fire , but it was found necessary to continue to ; pnnip water on the smoking embers during the night . i The damage is estimated at 3 'X > , 00 i » f . ( £ 12 , OHO ) . i A Victobt for tbz JV . ess . — The editor of the i Journal FAteUer was acquitted at Paris on Monday , - in a prosccntion direct ^ by the Attornpy-iicneral . Ibr haying excited , by inflammatory writings , the people j to rise against the Government . SPAIN . ! Tke Reign or Tkrkor . —Letters from >} iain of the 1 st inst ., confirm the reported execution oi Feliciano Zurbano , the eldest son of ( General Zurhano , who was shot as Ix > s ^ ono on the "i ^ th , along with Captain .- ' Baltanas , ZurBano ' s secretiiry , and a third person , whose name is not mentioned . General Prim liad arrived at Cordova , and was sent from thence by sea to Cadiz , where he will be imprisoned until it suit * the convennienceof his persecutors to send him to the Mariana Islands , lib unhappy mother had arrived
in Madrid to demand meit 7 ; but in . Spain the fountains of mercy have run dry , and the heartless personase who now wields the real power of-Spain seems to have no feeling of compassion left for the feelings of anv mother , whose children are leaiti-. natt . The mother of General Prim has been refused access to the two Queens , and it appears that her prayers will be unheard and unanswered , although the poor boon which she asks is only to have the place of her sou ' s banishment changed from the murderous climate of the Mariana islands to the almost equally fatal climateof Porto Rico or the Havanna .
Madbip , Dec . 3 . — The Gazrttt publishes a despatch from the Captain-General of Burgos , giving an aceount of the execution of the second son of General Zurbano , Don Feliciano ; of Captain Ballanos , and Francisco Hervias , a manufacturer of Ezcaray . The Logrono correspondent of the Eco dd Commercio wr ites , that the house of Zurbano had been razed to the grouDd , Ms furniture burned , and his horses and cattle destroyed- The ten men of his band who voluntarily surrendered , have been sentenced respectively to six or ten vears' confinement in presidios . Colonel Ortega , Aid-de-Camp of General Prim , had been sent off under an escort to Cadiz , whence he was to be transported to the Havannah .
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The Polish General Romerino was arrested the day before yesterday . He contrived to baffle the police , and succeed in escaping . It is said he is concealed somewhere in Madrid . Several Frenchmen have also been arrested . Madrid , D . ec . 5 . —A Royal Ordonnance has been published , signed by General Jsarvaez , depriving General Castaneda of his rank , titles , and decorations , as an accomplice of Zurhano . Where Zurbano is remains a mvsterv . ;
PORTUGAL . Lisbon , Dei . ft . —The municipal elections throughout the country have been generally carried by Ministerial candidates , and the means employed appear to have been of the most effectual kind to secure success in a nation of employees—fraud , force , and intimidation . BELGIUM . Biicsselss , Dec . T- —The navigation of all the canals in Belgium L * interrupted by the frost . This morning a man w « is found frozen to death in a field at brussels . Dec . S . —The thermometer is at present 11 degrees Below zero—81 of Reaumur . The canals are all frozen over . The steamers between Rotterdam and Antwerp could not run durinethe last few davs .
SWITZERLAND . Insurrection againmt the Jesi-its . —The Conttitutimniel publishes the following from its correspondent at Berne , dated the 5 th : — " The imprudent decision by which the Grand Council of Lucerne has sanctioned the encourasrement of the Jesuits in spite of the popular repugnance , ljcsrins to bear fruit . The Government of Lucerne , disliked by the jrreat majority of the population , particularly in the chief town , is obliged , in order to sret 'itself obeyed , to have recourse to violent means , which , if they are not crowned with a prompt success , will only render its position more critical , if they do not cause ? its complete overthrow . Already the first act of the . Jesuitical drama has just been played . According to information received this morning , an insurrection has burst out at Willisau , a
little town six lea « rue > from the capital . The government had ordered the Prefect to arrest some men ot the place known for their opposition to the . lesuits . One hundred men of the line wore called out to give avistance to the authorities , but when the commanding officer wished to proceed to execute the warrant , the people raised a riot , and opposed . so strong a resistance , that the officer ordered the troo ]> s to tire on the mob . lint the soldier-. , far from complying , took part with the people . At the present moment , the insurrection threatens to . extend to other localities , even to the capital itself , where the jrreater number ol the superior officers are hostile to the government , » n account of its predilection for the Jesuits . Such arc the scenes brought on by the proceedings of thi 1 reverend fathers to force themselves on a population l > v whom thev are detested . "
Letters from Berne , of the fith instant , state that , « n receiving intelligence of the revolt at Willisa , the ' ounejj of State of die canton had . ¦ isseiiibJei / , and instantly cave orders to three battalions of infantry , ilnve companies of carabineers , two of artillery , and a -.. madron of cavalry , to march to the frontier of the ranton of Lucerne , It was inferred , from the adoj > - tion of this measure , that the Government of Henu ' intended to support the opposition to tJn > . Icsuitica ] party at Lucerne , ; ind avenue itself for the moral defeat which it had experienced in May last , during the anti-radical reaction in the Yalais . <>» the 6 th , tinin » op * had already commenced tln-ir march . ] t was " . pprehended that a collision would take place in the i . jwu <¦} Lui-rrm- : the Council of Stale liad declared llsi'll '' u )» r > iui ) i *> u '< , and only ivhed , tor the suppro--ioii of the revolt , on the inhabitant * of the section of Ku * swyl who had otic-red their services to defend the 1 lou-rnnieiit .
WKST INJWK . v Koi'TiiAMrin - v . 1 > f . ( . 1 ^ . —The Royal Mail ^ 'orn-Ji ; i ! i \'> Steam-ship A \ on , Captain Stnitt , arrived here al ten oYWk this day . lirinu'in ^' all the \ YY > t Indian , A < - , mails . Loss i > r ijje At ij ; i ) . \ . —We ; ire sorry to veconi the totid loss of the Actii'on steam-ship , belimilins : to the Royal . Nlail Company , which took place on the nwniin" of the 2 ' » tJ ] of Uctohor . un < l < t the followinsr circumstances : — . slie was roundiui ; the Punta Canoa . at . eight in the morning , the Popa or lii ^ 'h bind within the city )> eing S . S . E . The Acueon stecrinc south , struirk at ^ " 40 , upon a sunken
rock , su )>] 'o > ed to bo the Necrillo , but which , accordini ; to the ciiart , should have l > een nearer the land th .-ui the ship then wa « -. Immediately she struck , the captain , with the view of lightening her , ordered i-iie Imilers to be blown oil ' , but without effect till thirty minutes afterwards . A swell of the sea then lilted her off . when it soon became evident that , in > j > it < - of f \ rr \ exertion , she could not be kept long arluat . Sail wa > then made to fori'i- licr on shore , or nilu shallow w ; iii-r . l'reiiseiy . hosve \ er . at twenty minutes , p ; Lst ele \ en sho wen ! down in > . i \ and a half i ' : ithi > ms of water . All hands were saved in the !« iat > , and landed at ' . ' artli « u . ena . nine mile * from the sc .-iii- lit " the wreck .
THE CHERoKKKs . \ \ \ T 1 HN Ol nniA . V TREEMLN—A l . l ; ssoN ami KXAMTLl : H'K T 1 JK I ] Vlilsr . D SLAVES OK Kl ItciI'K . oOVEK . NJII . NT » F Tilt CM . Buk . Ll > 4 riON , ( From ths f / htnh ' A > iv-rnU ) 'flu- rciiKiial uf thv ^ ri-: it ma >> i » f th .- ( "lu rokir pt- < . )> 1 . fr «> : ; j tbt-ir " l « li > veil l . iud , ' uu"' | iarfitio » cd between tli .-st : i ; - — •>{ Gt-ur ^ ia . North 0 : u-. » lii > u .. Alabam ; i . anil TcniH-ssec , « a > forcibly jtflecu-d In tho luiti-J States , in 1 H : > 1 , under circiinistani-fs <« j' aliuo ^ ' unparalleled hardship , disease , and sufferitis . In the .-uceetding year they arrived in tin- present Oheroke .. - country , entered into an an uf union with those of their brothers who liad prere / l < - < l them hither , > ome l > y tnanv years , and mutualh adfjit »» d . under the " style and title of the ( . 'herokee Nation . " tijeir mutual fjovernnit-nt . Of thi .-7 ( roveninieiit we present now a synopsis , intending ' follow it slmrtl y « it ) i the constitution and laws in full .
The government of the Cherokee nation is > republican , and is composed of the executive . lt-fri » lative , and the judicial departments . The executive department consist-- of a principal chief , an assistant principal chief , and an exicutivu council ol five membt-ra . The principal and assistant chiefs art elected once iu every four years , b > a majority of the ( jua-Hfied voters of the nation ; every sane male Cherolsee citizen , who has . attained the age of eighteen years , being entitled to a vote . It is the : duty of the principal chief to » ee that the laws are regularly enforced , and to discharge those functions usually vested in an executive head . He is empowered ivitii the veto , und the povver ol' pardoning pers-ons convicted and sentenced to punishment for capital crimes , under certain restrictions . The legislative department consists of the national committee and the
council—each of the eight districts into which the nation is divided being represented by two members in the former branch , and three in the latter . These members are elected in the same manner as the chiefs ., once every two years . They meet annually at Tahlequah , on the first Monday in October , in general council , to legislate upon the general affairs of the nation . No bill can become a lavt until it has received the concurrence of both brandies uf the national council , und the approval >> f the principal chief . In case the principal chief disapproves of anj bill which ha * pa » se « l the national council , he returns it , with hi > objections in writing , to the bodv in which it originated . A vote of two-thirds of the members of the national council is uccessarv to make anv bill a law , tVx- passage of which has been objected to by the principal cliinll
Tht powers uf tlie national committee and the council are the same , except in cases of impeachment , and appropriations of money . All appropriations originate in the council , but are subject to approval . mo'linYatinn . or rejection b \ the national committee . hnpcai-huit-ijt for violation or neglect of duty may be tendered 1 >\ the council against anv public officer of the nation . The national comraHU-e then becomes a specLtlly constituted court for the trial uf such case . Member ? of the national council receive for their services a per diem of three dollars while the % are in session . The judiciary is divided into the supreme , the ciryuit , and the district courts , whose respective duties and jurisdiction are clearl } denned by law . The supreme court consists of a chief justice and four associates , the circuit court of
a judge for each of the two judicial circuits into which the nation is dh ided , and the district court of a judge for each of the eight districts . All judges are elected by a joint vote of the committee and council . The supreme judges hold their seats for the term of four years , the circuit two years , and the district one year . The first receive a per diem of five dollar . - while engaged in holding cuurt , the second 2 £ 0 dollars per annum , and the last 10 U dollars . In addition to these officers , there is also a sheriff for each district , who is elected b y the voters of hit distriet every two years , and who receives for his services a salary of 200 dollars per annum . The right of trial by an impartial jury of his countrymen , and of being
confronted face to lace by his accusers and witnestes , and ol legal advice , is secured to every person amenable to , and charged with an infraction of , the laws of the Cherokee nation . The laws of the Cberoliees are not sanguinary , nor unnecessarily severe ; murdi-r and treason being the only crimes punishable with death . Thefts , arson , and similar offences with stripes . Debts are recoverable by law . The property of the ¦ wife cannot be soid without her consent to satisfy the debts contracted by her husband , and rice versa . The Cherokees have no system of taxation . All expenses attending the administration of their public affairs are defrayed out of annuities received from the United States . The public funds of the nation are placed in the hands of a national treasurer , who gives
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bond and good security ibr their safe keeping and disbursement according to law . Uefoi-L- the national treasurer can pay out any funds intrusted to his care , on anv account whatever , an appropriation authorizing him to do so must b « first made by the national council , Lv special enactment , and a warrant he issued thureo ,, by the principal chief . All poisons holding office uudcr ' the executive , legislative , and judicial departments of the government Of the nation , Hre required , before entering upon the discharge of thuir duties , to take oath to support and defend its constitution and laws .
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n . itirit , ' the . Jacobin principle of the natural and inevitable war of the poor jiud of tlib rich . He ( Mr . II . ) admitted the principle ; but denied the applicabiiity of the charge to the Star . It was the rich who made war ag-ajnst the poor . Tlie very existence of the two classes showed the existence of wronj ; and robbery , fraud and violence , somewhere . ' These the powerful only could be guilty of-4-and it was the rich who were the powerful , the poor who were the powerless . { Applause . ) ( Mr . Uarney ithen , at great length , proceeded to illustrate this argument by examples drawn from the present state oil society . What follows is the mere outline of Mr . ill . ' s speech . ) Take two women , the one a scion of royalty , the other a daughter of poverty . The ono becomes a wife and
mother , and in the hour of her 'child ' s birth is surrounded by medical and other attendants , has every luxury , her child ' s birth anndunml by the roar oi cannon and the l in < jhi £ f of tails , while sycophantic editors and reporters proclaim diiily the state of this one woman . < > n the other Hand , the daughter of poverty also becomes a mother . Stretched on a pallet of straw , with no help but the Union doctor , no attendant hut perhaps Kome ; poor being scarcely le . su wretched than herself . Time rolls on , and the mother , utterly destitute , has given herself up to despair . Homeless , clotheless , tboUless , milkless , hopeless , she plunges herself and l > abe into the devouring . stream to escape from a life become insupportable . She is rescued from death . Not so her child , it has
closed its eyes for ever . The ! wretched mother is charged with murder , and a heartless jury and judge condemn her to a shameful death on the gallowstree . At almost the last hour , when the victim has become resigned to her approaching dreadful end , mercy—mercy in the shape of a ( Ivalvam ' . —O , outmgeous caricature i Hisses and groans of execration ) , steps in , and in the name of ; i merciful sovereign , mercifully sentences tlie iinfortimatc * L > cin ; r to seven years' banishment . ( Shame , shame !) Behold the dirt ' ereiiee in the ( ate of these tw-6 women—the one is Victoria—the other Mary Furley : Yes , there is a war of the rich , uid of the poor : but / it was the rich , and not the Xnrtlti'm Star , who were : responsible for that w . w . (( ireiit ehcerint' . ) -So tlindiffh all sofietv ; the
landlord steals the land , and is an hereditary Lramelaw-enacting legislator-, poor Kimrn , the . Buckinghamshire labourer , attempts to [ snare a hare , and is sent to prison as a felon . Mrs . Tyrwhitt , a lady , takes a microscope , and forgets to ' pay for it ; oi uiiirse she did not steal it , for a-respectable jury found her Not Guilty . Observe the morality of the aristocracy . When detected taking the article , the hufh . ind of the lady remarked ! , '" SuppoM' she has taken it , what ' s the use of ma'king a damned fuss about it ? " Such were the ethics of aristocracy . 11 . oud applause . ) They ( the aristocracy ) plundered the land , robbed the people of the fruit ' s ot their labour , and wrested from them their political rights ; and then , when the ueoiile comidained . the answer
was , " Suppose we have done these things , what ' s the use of niakuiir a damned fuss al / put it ' . " Hut a fuss would be niJule until justice was done , and right re-established . ( Loud cheers . ); Let them compare the ca . se of a poor man , who , ; the other day , was cluirired with stealing three tui'nips of the value of one . farthing , with that of Mrs . j Tyrwhitt . The jury did not hesitate as to whether the turnips were taken with a felonious intention ; on tlie contrary , they at niiee found the poor man ( iuiltrj and the bench sentenced him to pay a shilling hue , and twelve shillings costs , or jfo to prison . The poor man was never worth thirteen shillings , and iuight go to prison . A ^ niti—the common assassin was hung , while the
wliolesiile murderer , the miscreant . Nicholas , was feasted by Queens and aristocrats , and honoured for his crimes . The aristocratic seducer was the followed and Hattered of the fashionable ( world , while his victim was driven from one misery to another till she died a death of infamy and horror . The embroideress shivers in rags while working the eighty flowers for sixpence in the shawl to enfold a duchess , while the shopoerat , who profits by her miserable toil , is a ¦ church-attending , ( lod-fcaring . respectable man , Ye > , throughout society the wariof the poor and of the rich was natural and inevitable , but who eauaed it ' . Not the Sortlum St < tr , but those who profited liy and upheld the present system , foremost aniont ; whom w ; is the Liberal babbler of the
tt ' iiHu Clirttnklt ' . (( ircat applause . ) The mission of the Northern Xt'tr was to put an end to that system , and if for so labouring it was to Ik ? denounced as ix Jacobin paper , its 1 proprietor and conductors Herd Mot be ashamed-of ; the title . ( Cheers . ) For himself , be ( Mr . li . ) declared , that if his exposmes of aristocratic wrong anil insolence , and his advocacy of the cause of the poor and the oppressed , should earn i ' ur him the title of , Jacobin , he would dory in the name , and woidd wish no greater honour than that when . he ceased to Iw , the title of Jacobin was irr ; iven on his tomb . ( Loud cheeriiit , ' . i Tlie importance nt : * tree and honest pres-s could not l > e over-estimated . Cardinal Wolsev said , if we do not put down printiii " ,
printing will put down us . It was sagaciously said , Tyrants , though failing to altogether put down the press , had contrived , in all countries , to enchain or corrupt it , still the future triumph of knowledge over tyranny was indisputable and i evident to all . Iu responding to the sentiment giv ^ n by -Mr . Tunay , he i Mr . II . ) hoped that tho vising oj ' tlie st » r in the mctroiio '' , ' s wmiu ! prove the dawning of that day , when right should ta triumphant over might , oppression trampled under the heel of justice , pijualitybe founded upon an indestructible basis , fVaternity connect together all nations , and freedom cover the earth as the waters cover the sea . Mr . Uarney retired amidst enthusiastic and prolonged applause .
Mr . Amott sung a patriotic song , amidst considerable applause . ; Mr . . J . Mowr . r . vf , proposed the third sentiment" (> ur I iuests , the Proprietor and Editors of that truly Democratic journal , the yorthe ' rn Star ; may their labours prove as successful as thtjir merits deserve . " On Mr . o'C ' ossoH rising to respond to the sentiment , the audience also rose simultaneously , greeting Mr . O'Connor with round after round of enthusiastic cheering , the ladies waving their handkerchiefs , which continued for a considerable time . Silence being restored , Mr . O'Connor said , accustomed as he was to exhibition * of popular ^ enthusiasm , still it would ta vanity on his part were he to attribute to himself the kind , cordial , and enthusiastic reception
given to him . No , it was the principle thev honouredthe principle of which he was the humble advocate . The removal of the Northern Htd . r from the provinces to the metropolis would cause nq change in its political sentiments . ( Loud cheers . j ) lie had always placed great reliance on the powers of the press ; and lie thought while the few were represented through its columus , it Was nothing but right that the many should be represented also . ( Cheers . ) The working classes had been entirely excluded from the press generally ; and hence , he liad established the Northern Star . ( Loud cheers . ) And proud he was to say , thatfhe did not go for his assistants amongst the hirelings Svho were let or sold with the machines ; but that every man employed on the Nwthi-ni Star had sprunsj from the ranks oflabour . (( Jreat cheering . ) The other classes , be they agriculurists . manufacturers , churchmen , or dissenters , had
their organ ; and he would venture to affirm , that was that meeting composed of any of the supporters of those parties , the longest table in the hall would not suffice for the number of reporters who would ta in attendance . Hut tin ' s meeting ! was in favour of Lataur ' s rights : and in this matter the St > ir stood alone . ( Cheers . I There were ? three stages in all agitations ; organization , creating public opinion and the directing of that public opinion . He had effected the two first ; and now , if the people required other tools to work out the last , in' ( rod's name let them get them . He ( Mr . O'Connor ); thought the people placed too much reliance on what they termed the superhuman labours of FeargusiO' Connor , and thus allowed themselves to sink into ; apathy . Let them niwise , and act as if everything } depended upon the exertion of each individual , and ; victory was certain . Let them rememtar that all the classes would unite
as one man for their oppression , j ( Loud cheers . ) He might ta an alien in language , jyet he thought they understood him well . ( Laughtey and applause . ) lie thanked God he had regained ^ their confidence for his country—for , although the world was his republic , he could not forget that Ireland was his native land . ( Cheers . ) Let all parties unite against them , and what then ? They ( the Chartists ) would beat all combined . Mow that the Northern Star was in London , tlie proximity of the office ; to those of the two Chronicles would , he dare say , not ta over pleasing to the proprietors of those journals . No matter ; he would cause them to adopt [ Chartist principles , or he would make them hide their diminished heads in some back lane . ( Immense applause . )
The vi higs , when crying for the Reform Bill , had told them , it was necessary to infuse new blood into the House of Commons , for so' : they would obtain a more equitable distribution of i property . But had they ? No . The working classes , notwithstanding the improved mode of travelling by railway and the improved mode of communication by the penny Dost , with the numberless other imprpTements of the tune , ware in a more wretched condition than ever . ( Hear , hear . ) If merchants and manufacturers required better houses and mansions than their grandsires ocevpied , it was equally neeessaryjthat the sliding seale of improvement should descend to the working classes also , and that their condition should be improved in like manner . He did not desire Sthe destruction of property . No : let the wealthy retain all they at present
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^ T ^^ A ^ r ¦ tS&S&"& y-^^ fi ' c ^ . ^*~ - * C possessed , but let the working man —the prodaeer * ~ all—have a rightful share in what he henceforth produced . ( Great cheering . ) There were parties holding out their baits and allurements , but the ^ were mere . will o' the wisps . Tho Star had sufficiently warned them of those false lights . ( Cheers . ) The Chartists were-the only real Free Traders . Let them have Free Trade in legislation first , and all the rest would follow . ( Great cheering . ) He was loyal to a certain degree , but like the girl who wanted something to love , he wanted something to ta loval
to . ( l ) ieers . ) How could he be loyal to ; t church whose ministers told him that this world was a world of trial and suffering , and that he must endure misery here to ensure " happiness hereafter . If that was a necessary step to tlie insurenient of happiness , he was sure his brother Chartists had no wish to keep the bishop * out of heaven . They would change places with thcni ; and let their rcvereuces'have a turn at tlie hewing of wood and drawing of water . ( Cheers . ) He could not be loyal to a judge , who oppressed the poor . It ever he had fallen out with his countrymen , it was for their royal loyalty to Queens and Princes , and their professed love tor the beautiful young Queen—it was not manly ,. it was slavish and d ' isimstiue . (
Immense applause . ; How could he be loyal when he had suffered sixteen months' imprisonment , and during that time the Queen was delivered three times , and he ( Mr . O'C ) was not delivered once . ( Roars of laughter . ) Property Was of no value until it received the stamp of lalmur upon it . There was a philosophy in idleness , a policy in doing nothing at times ; and feeling the truth o ' f this , he bad at his ease , sung the " lullaby to the baby of Chartism . " But the infant had grown . It had begun to writhe in ita cradle , and he was now inclined to throw off the clothes and let the young Hercules walk abroad . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Whiggery boasted that it had killed him ; but he had risen again , and
buried the Whigs for ever . Through the press a new enemy had appeared in the shape of a tract , by the Messrs . Chambers of Ed inburgh : and here was the value of the Sort / tern Star . 'On Sunday he sat down—the tatter the day the- better the deed—and wrote a complete answer to the tract . ( Great cheering . ) All parties were dissatisfied-. If distress and misery was a visitation from God , and its prevalence universal , he knew no class who would more readily submit than those whom he was addressing—( cheers )—but when they ( the people ) knew tneir miseries and destitution was the result of bad legislation , they wisely and bravel y refused to succumb . He had never asked them to raise the Northern Star to this or that circulation ; when thev saw him
without a shirt , they might imagine the Northern Star was going down , but not before . ( Tremendous cheering . ) He had seen Mr . Duncombe that day ; and had it not been for a prior engagement he ( Mr " D . ) would have been with them that night , i , Immense applause . ) He thought they should have a demonstration to shew their confidence in Labour ' s Parliamentary Representative . He therefore proposed that they should meet Mr . Duncombe at his committee room in Finsbury , and escort him down to the House of Commons . ( Tremendous and long-continued cheering . ) He ( Mr . O'Connor ) would never recommend what he was not prepared to carry into practice . ( Cheers . ) If they agreed to the proposition he would accompany them on foot ... ( Loud cheers . ) He entreated them to
forget past differences , and unite as one man ; then would Englishmen deserve the name of freemen , and England be their own — their native land . Mr . O'Connor sat down amid loud and long-continued applause . The Whitehorn family then sang , in excellent style , a glee entitled " The Press—the Chartist Press , " which was warmly applauded . Monsieur Chillman , sung the Marseilles hymn , prefacing the singing with a few remarks approbatory of the appearance of the Northern Star in the metropolis . The Marseilles was sung by M . Chillman in the original French , the meeting chorussing in Knglish . The singing of this glorious authem excited the . greatest enthusiasm .
Mr . JtxiAN Hak . net briefly addressed the meeting on behalf of Captain Marguriete , a Spanish refugee , one of tlie Republican defenders of Barcelona . ( His appeal-was responded to by a collection made at the door for the brave refugee . ) Senor Marsnriete then sung the Spanish Song of liberty , which was enthusiastically applauded . Mh . He > R \ Ross proposed the 4 th sentiment " Tin- Ladies , may they ever be found auxiliaries in the cause of democracy , which was warmly responded to by the whole meeting . Three cheers were then given for the Democrats of France and Spain ; for Feargui * O'Connor and the Charter ;' and for Democracy all over the world . The meeting then broke up , highly gratified with tlie evening ' s proceedings .
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GR «™^ 0 ! RKF ' 1 N HONOUR ' OK THE ^ EM ^ AL OF THK NORTHERN STA R TO LONDON . This festival , which for the last two <» r three weeks has excited so much interest among the Democrats ol the Metropolis , " came off" on Tuesday night last December 10 th , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Tottenham Court Road , and fully reamed the anticipations of its promoters . We have attended many similar entertainments ; but never one that exceeded the exhibition of pure and patriotic enthusiasm manifested by all parties , — speakers and hearers , —as on this interesting occasion There was bu ^ one drawback to the pleasures of the evening , namely ; the unavoidable absence of Mr . Hobson , who was compelled , though very reluctantly , to be absent from ' -London at the time ; ' his domestic arrangements rendering it imperative that lie should on the
be m ^ Let-ds night of the festival , finally arranging the removal of his household to town . Mr . llobson ' s absenco was much regretted . At six o ' clock tiie doors were opened , and the hall was speedily filled . About seven o ' clock Mr . O'Connor arrived , accompanied by several private friends , who throughout the * evening seemed greatly interested in , and much gratified by , the proceedings . Mr . O ' Connor ' s appearance was hailed with a burst of eiitluwia . Mii . In ennswiuenee » f a much greater-number taking tea than had been anticipated , tea had to ta served up at two different times , which necessarily protracted the commencement of the mental portion of the evening ' s proceedings to h later hour than had boon intended . Previous to the chair being taken , Miss Deithor , the organist ot the establishment , played several pieces on the tine organ which is so remarkable a feature of the . lohnstreet Institution . Her performance elicited warm applause .
We should state thata considerable number present , were from ( ireeiiwich and other places in the neigh-IxMli-hood of London . We observed several of the old pat riots , some ui ' wliom have not been with us sine-I - 'i't ; whilst the . immense number of the fair sex present , attests the interest felt by the ladies in the triumphant progress of the Northern Star . The tea tables having at length been cleared , Mr . \ V . Clark was unanimously called to the chair , and said he felt proud of the honour conferred on him in electing him to preside on such an important
occasion , and over such n large and truly respectable mectiii 1 . ' . He eon-idered that a most important meeting , held as it was to welcome Labour ' s ( > rgan to the great metropolis . ( Tremendous cheering . ) He trusted that tliat luminary would succeed in dispelling the mists of prejudice that had so long blinded the mental optics of the many . ( Cheers . ) . He hoped to see a similar meeting in \> i lr > , to celebrate the anniversary of the Star ' s coming to London , attended In a- many thousands as there were hundreds on tlie present occasion . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . T . I- . vuitKu proposed the first sentiment . " The IVoplc ; may they soon obtain tlie Charter , and in reality l > e the . source of all power . " He said it was a sentiment which he had much pleasure in proposing , and had much more pleasure to find so large a company present'to respond to it . ( iovernmeuts of all countries should be accordant with that sentiment . All t iovernmeuts not so accordant , were the creatures iiffon-v and fraud . I Loud cheers . ) The middle and upper classes , at their festivals , generally left out the people . Mr . Dip , the tallowchandler , gave the Queen . Mr . PrigL ' , the broker , gave Prince Albert ; then followed the Army and . Navy , lie had often wondered how it w ; ls these classes could devote , so much lipservice t ( J rovaltv . lint lie presumed thev h >> i > cd
cither to become royal tradesmen , or that they would be in some way noticed by royalty . ] tut , he ( Mr . F . ) thought the notice they would get , would ta of a similar character with that , the private soldier received from the Kmperor , who admitted , when pressed by his comrade , a . s to what the Kmperor bad said to " him—that it was " ( let nut of the way , you scoundrel . " ( Loud laughter . ) In that parish the people had been distrained on for " rates" which the parish otlicerst'xpeuded on getting Up an address « n satin , to congratulate the (^ ueeii on the occasion of another Ho \ al birth . The people had even been refused the use ot' tiheir own . vestry-rooms ( hear , hear I , whil-t thev could be granted to the rich tor their huinUumni ; bath and w : ish-hovi , se seheme . True , the *
might not he used by the people , class-made laws having deprived them of such clothing as they would like to expose in a public Wiwh-huuso ( hear , heari , but they wiftild ta useful if it was only to wash the lilth \ mass of corruption from the hands of parochial officer * , and the Reverend Father in ( iotl . the Lord Mishop of London . ( Much applause . ) The people liad ho chance of ubtuiumg that power of which the sent invent spoke , but bv the , people ' s Charter , Hence the necessity of untiring , ceaseless agitation until that measure became the law uf the land . 11 ' heers . / i'hat man was either a tool or a knave « lto would tell them that any government could long withstand the righteous demands of a united and determined people , ( fireat cheering . I
Mr . Linpkn ably supported the sentiment , and said royalty was neither an emanation from heaven nor from nature . All- ' people were equal . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Muudcn sung , " Loud Roared the People ' s Thunder . " The lines , in which allusion was made to the > ¦ ?«/ -, or to Mr . O'Connor , were res-ponded to by the audience en vicwe , who broke out' into repeated rounds of the most vociferous applause . At the conclusion of the song , Mr . Mundcn wiis loudlv cheered . Mr . Cuffay , Mr . Wiiitehom , Mi's . Whitehorn , and their sons , Master and Master Henry Whitehorn , favoured the meeting with a beautiful glee , entitled " 1 am a bold Democrat , " which was received with rapturous applause .
Mr . CtTFAY proposed the second sentiment— " Tht Northern Suir , Labour ' s only recognised organ : we hail thee . welcome to the Metropolis ! " He said the Northern Star had served an apprenticeship in tho provinces , not for the profit of its proprietor , but for the advantage and protection of the rights and libertics of the people . ( Loud cheers . ) It had , in the person of its proprietor , undergone ; all sorts of p ersecution and prosecution , ( hear , hear , ) but it still existed , and still continued to blaze away , and if the people support it ^ it would continue to blaze away brighter than ever . ( Cries of " It shall , " and loud
cheers . ; The Nvrthern Star had ever been consistent through gain or loss , through evil or good report . ( Loudf cheers . ) Their duty then was to support a paper which so ably and efficiently aided them . ( Cheers . ) Let them call on their shopmates to support \\ . \ Let them appeal to their various trade bodies to support it . ile did not ask them to do what he w ; is not doing himself . He was-a tailor , and , like others in his , trade , had been out of work for four months at a stretch , hut during those trying periods ho had never neglected his duty . ( Cheers . ) When it came to a toss up—a dinner or the Star , the mental appetite always won the toss . ( Great cheering . )
The Chairman . . introduced Mr . Julian Harncy to respond to the sentiment . Mr . Harney , who was received with warm and prolonged applause ., said , the Mattering reception he had received after an absence of five years from the metropolis , proved to him that though he had had to contend with , much misrepresentation ^ and , next to Mr . O'Connor , might fairly lay claim to the title of the best abused man in the ranks of Chartism , still he enjoyed their confidence as fully as when lie was their comrade in the glorious Democratic Association —( Cheers ) - * -an Association which had sifted the chaff from the wheat , and was the precursor of the present Chartist organization in the metropolis . ( Cheers . ) Five years ago it was the fashion of tlie enemies and false friends of Chartism to denounce
himself and his associates as Jacobins , terrorists , and promoters of ivnarchy . The press of the factions had , by these calumnies , prejudiced the middle class —the jury class—against their principles , and incited the Government to those persecutions which had been resorted to in the vain hope of crushing Chartism . He cared little for being dubbed Jacobin . The principles of Jacobinism we ' re the principles of justice and equality , and Jacobinism was not chargeable with the crimes laid to its account . Without going back to the past , he would ask , was it Jacobinism that was guilty of the enormities committed in sunny Spain ? Was it Jacobinism that for years had arrayed lather
against son , and brother against brother , lighting on the one side for a king of the Inquisition , and on the other for a queen of the stock-jobbers ?¦ that had desolated that country from one extremity to the other ( that had blotted out all law and justice , and violated the most solemn treaties ? that had quaffed the blood of San Just , and refused mercy to the despairing wife and mother of Zurbano ' s son ? No : it was the ij « i of kings and queens , priests and soldiers , aristocrats and money i mongers , that was responsible for these atrocious crimes . ( Great applause . ) The North ern Star had been denounced by the Weekly Chronicle as a Jacobin paper , and was charged with dissemi-
To The Employed.
TO THE EMPLOYED .
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1 'isASTnots Occcrrente . —On Thursday a Lid of the name of liirch , the son of a carrier , at Chiswick , met with his death from the discharge of a gun , for the possession of which his brother and another young man , named Charles Watchman , were disputing . The two latter gave themselves into custody , and were examined before Mr . Paynter , the magistrate of the Hammersmith police court . They were remanded to await the result of the coroner ' s inquest , but allowed to stand out un bait . Vnii : at LiMKiiot-sE . —Shortly before one o ' clock on Friday morning , a most destructive fire broke out upon the lone line of building in the occupation of Messrs . Chossor and Co ., coopers , Arc , in
Shoulderr < t-Miitf « n-a ] Jey , Liniehou . se , near to Down-ton ' s wharf . The police constable on the taat first perceived flames issuing from the cooperage , an extensive building not less than 150 feet in length . An alarm wah instantly raised , and a messenger despatched to the various engine-stations with the information , and in an incredibly short time engines from various stations of the brigade , ' under the superintendence of Mr . Rraidwood , and the West of England , with Mr . Connorton , were upon the spot . The fire progressed rapidly , illuminating the whole City , the
stock being of the most inflammable character , consisting of a vast number of barrels , staves , hoops , &e . An abundant supply of water being obtained , the engines were speedily set to work ; but owing to the firm hold the flames had obtained , considerable time ehipsed before any impression could be made upon tlie fire . Kventually , through the exertions of the firemen , police , and strangers , the fire yielded to the exertions of the parties employed . The damage done is very considerable , and at a moderate estimate it will amount to several hundred pounds .
More Isc . exdiary Fihes in Hertfordshire . — Hertford ,- Thursday . —On Monday night , about halfpast eleven o ' clock , a fire broke out on the Parsonage farm at King ' s Walden , near Stevenage , occupied by Mr . ( J . Roberts , an eminent agriculturist . Mr . Roberts half just retired to his bed-room , when he heard a cry of " Fire ! " and on looking out of the window * , he observed that his own premises were in flames . . In a very short thrie the fire spread from barn to barn until the whole farm-yard was blazing . The Hitchin and Luton engines were soon on the . spot , hut the fire continued to burn with unabated fury until five o ' clock in the morning , when the whole of the buildings , with the exception of one bam , a cow-house , and the farm-house , which stood at a distance from
the barns , were reduced to ashes . The agricultural labourers showed great reluctance to assist in extinguishing the flames , and it was found advisable to station , a guard in the rick-yard , which was some distance off , to detect or prevent any fresh act of incendiarism . The clergyman of the parish , who was at the scene of the conflagration , was very active in his attempts to check the progress of the flames , but his endeavours to induce the great body of the labourers to assLst him were ineffectual . Some of them assisted , but a great many looked on and replied to the appeal made to tliem in a manner indicative of the utmost unconcern , and accompanied by the most offensive expressions . The los * is estimated at £ 2 . 000 .
The farm belongs to William Hale , Esq ., one of the most extensive landowners in the county , whose seat is at Kingswalden . It may ta recollected that about three weeks since a fire took place at Lilly Hoo farm , between Hitchin and Luton , and in the occupation of Mr . Betts ; and that the whole , with the exception ot ' the dwelling-house and a range of fagot stacks , wa 3 destroyed . On Monday night last , at nine o ' clock , the fagot stacks were discovered to ta on fire , and in the course of an hour and a half all of them were consumed . Nothing now remains standing but the
farmhouse , ao doubt is entertained that the stacks were wilfully fired . On the following night ( Tuesday ) , at eleven o ' clock , another fire occurred in a wheat stack , on the Bedford-road , about a mile from Hitehin . Near the stack in which the fire originated were three other stacks , and the flames extended to these with great rapidity , ending with their total destruction . The loss is estimated at £ 700 , The stacks were close by the road-side , and at a considerable distance from any building . It is confidently stated that the last fire was the act of an incendiary .
SriciDE of a Retired Farmer . —This afternoon ( Saturday ) , ' Mr . William Baker , coroner for the eastern division of Middlesex , held an inquest at the King John , Ilolywell-iane , Shoreditch , on view ot the body of James Rathtane , aged 54 years . Mr . A . Sherrard , a mercantile clerk , said that he had known the deceased for some time past . On Friday morning last , about half-past seven o ' clock , witness went into the kitchen , when he saw deceased who was standing in a corner of the room . Having spoken to him , and received no answer , he placed his hand upon his arm , and then saw that he was suspended by a piece of rope , fastened to a hook in tlie wall . lie cut him down , and sent for medical
assistance . Deceased was dressed , and he must have done the act after the family had retired to rest . Mr . William Rathbone , of 12 , Clifton-street , Finsbury , said that the deceased was his brother . He was married , and for twenty-four years had carried on an extensive farming business at Graham ' s Town , Cape of Good Hope . Some time 6 ince _ hg ^ aoid . his estate fbr £ 2 , 200 . Upon disposing at ^ ES" ^ tt §^ jc , he returned to England in Dec ^ p ^ ft ^ visnC ^ fe ^ since has bee n residing with wi ^ eW ^ EHs ^ infw ^ d / . child he left behind at Graham ? s , «^ Rii -0 ^ M ^ m *^ has been very low and despon 4 in ^ :: y ^ tne ^ ss 1 doit- J " sidered the deceased was of unsowaclttatttL- The Jury 5 returned a verdict of " Temporary tnssioltyv ''* ,,. fy ~< . '
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VOL . VIII . NO . 370 . LONDON , SATURDAY , DECEMBER , 11 1844 ^^ vEaW-e «<• ¦ * IFlVe ShiIIIu S- ** " - »« ' « ixprucf per Quarter .
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL , !
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1293/page/1/
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