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AN EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR BILIOUS LIVER, AND STOMACH COMPLAINTS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" Out of the ground hath the Lord caused Medicines to grow ; and he that is wise will not despise them ; for with such doth he heal men , and taketh away their pains . "—Eccles . xxxviii . 4 and 7 . AS a Preserver of Health , and a gentle yet efficacious remedy for Indigestion , and all disorders originating from a morbid action of the stomach and liver , STIRLING'S PILLS have met with more general approbation than any medicine yet discovered , requiring no restraint of diet or confinement during their use . They are mild in their operation and comfortable in tlieir effect ; and may be taken at any age or time without danger from cold or wet . They speedily remove the causes that produce disease , and restore health and vigour to the whole system . For females they are invaluable , as they remove obstructions , promote a regular circulation , and improve the complexion , giving the skin a ' beautiful , clear , arid blooming appearance , which , by their use , may be retained to the latest period ef life . Also for children they are the best medicine that can be used , as they expel worms , cai-ry off crudities , &c , from the stomach and intestines , toy which they prevent illness , and lay the foundation of good health'for future years . Freelivers , who arosubject to head-ache , giddiness , drowsiness , irregularity of the bowels , nervous irritability , &c , should never be ivitliout them , for , by their prompt administration on the first symptoms of illness , fits , apoplexy , gout , and many other dangerous complaints , may be prevented or cured . They are particularly recommended to officers of the army and navy , and persons going abroad , as a preventive of those diseases so frequently arising from heat and change of climate . Prepared and sold by J . W . Stiblino , Pharmaceutical Chemist , in boxes at 13 id ., 2 s . 9 d ., and 4 s . 6 d . each , and can be had of all respectable medicine venders in the kingdom . The genuine has the name on the stamp . # * * Ask ' for Stirling ' s Stomach Pills .
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DR . GRANDISON'S NERVOUS PILLS . RECOMMENDED BY EMIXEXT FOYSICUXS . BY perseverance in this popular remedy , the trembling hand may become steady , the Weak heart strong , and nervous irritability ( so often the precursor of insanity ) may be arrested . It has secured refreshing Bleep ( without containing one particle of opiate ) to those who have been denied that blessing for years , and conquered the most obstinate costiveness and indigestion . It strengthens the stomach , purifies the blood , and restores the spirits , ensuring vigour of both body and mind . Caution . —The success of this Medicine , for every weakness or derangement of the nervous system , having caused imitations , the Public are informed that the words "Dr . ( Jrandison ' s PiUs" ave engraved in the Government Stamp , and cannot be imitated , as they form a part of the Stamp itself . Testimonial . —The following case of extraoidinary cure can be attested , either personally ov by letter , by Mr . fR . Sutton , Bookseller , Nottingham . Mrs . Griffin , of New Basford , near Kottingham , after above four years of dread ful nervous suffering , which Dr . Blake affirmed would end in insanity ; was perfectly restored by Dr . Grandison ' s Pills , after every known remedy had been resorted to in vain . Prepared ( for the Proprietor ) in London , by Mr . Purser , Bridge-street , Blackfriars , Agent , &c . and sold in boxes at Is , lid ., 2 s , 9 ( 1 ,, and 4 s . 6 d . ea h , containing ndrice to the patient , by all respectable Chemists , Boxes sent by post . Ask for " Dr . Grandison ' s Pills . " " A wonderful yet safe medicine . "—Professor Moilesc . Agent for York , J . B . SiaiFSotf , Chemist , Micklegate .
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PERFEC T FREEDOM FROM COUGHS in ten minutes after use , is insured by DR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS . Read the following from Mr . J . C . Reindhnrdt , No . 82 , Market-place , Hull : — Dated January 9 th , 1845 . Gentlemen , —Many and surprising are the testimonies of relief afforded to confined cases of Asthma and Con . sumption , and long-standing Coughs , ° and it will gratify me to refer to many respectable parties who ava really anxious to make known privately the great benefit ttey have derived from the truly seasonable remedy . I enefffse a testimonial of no ordinary value , as it is the genuine expression of a grateful man's feelings . I remain , J . C . REINDHARDT . C « we Of c « re / Gmgb , an * Ctonptoto tfwKwtfw Qf }' nite To Mr . Reindhardt . —Sir , —Having been cured of a most obstinate hoarseness and cough , which , for a considerable time , totally deprived me of the use of my voice , by means of Dr . Locock ' s Pulmonic Wafers , and having spent pounds in seeking relief , but all to no purpose , I scarcely know how to express my gratitude for the surprising and sudden change they have wrought upon me . I feel the least I can do is to assure you it will give me unfeigned pleasure to satisfy any one who favours me with a call , as to the wondeful efficacy of Locock's Pulmonic Wafers . ¦ Signed , J . MEMBLL . January 9 tli , 1845 , No . 7 , Alicia-street , Sculcoats , Hull , Surprising Cures of Asthmas , Coughs , Colds , i-o ., in Letdi . Cstract of a letter from Mr . John Mann , Bookseller , dated Central-market , leeds , April 16 , 1844 : — Frequent opportunities having been afforded me of testing whether or not these Wafers effected any real radical cure , as I have been particular in making careful inquiries of those who were using them—not only for Coughs and Colds , but also those afflicted with a tightness or difficulty of breathing , —and they have proved to completely eradicate the complaint , and many persons are now perfectly cured by them , who had been labouring under it many years . i The Wafers have been their own recommendation hitherto . In future I would in all cases advise others who are similarly afflicted to use them , and entertain no doubt but their inestiiuablo benefits will soon be perceired . I eould send you numberless Testimonials , bearing upon the blessings received from this important and invaluable Medicine . Wishing that it may get into the hands of all those afflicted with these distressing maladies , I remain , &c , JOHN MANN . The following particulars of rapid cure of Asthma , of fourteen years standing , are from Mr . J . E , Bignell , Holyhead-road , Wednesbury , and addressed to Mr . Ladbury , Surgeon , there . — Sept . 6 th , 184 * . Sir , —When I had the first box of Dr . Locock ' s Wafers from you , I was labouring under one of those attacks of asthma , to which I have been subject now for about fourteen years . I have had the best medical advice the neighbourhood , could afford , including two physicians at Birmingham and one at Wolverhampton , but with no success . My breathing was so very difficult that I expected every inspiration to be my last ; as for sleep , that was impossible , and had been so for several weeks . The first dose ( only two small wafers ) gave me great relief ; the second more so : in short , the first box laid the ground-work for the cure , which only four boxes has effected , and I am now quite well . I remain , sir , your most obliged , G . E , BIGNELL . Dr .-Locock ' s Wafers give instant relief , and a rapid cure of asthma , coughs , colds , consumption , and all disorders of the breath and lungs . To Singers and Public Speakers the ; are invaluable , a « in two hours they remove all hoarseness , and increase the power and flexibility of the voice . They have a most pleasant taste . Price 1 b . lid ., 2 « . 9 d ., and 11 s ., by the proprietor * ! agents , Da Silra and Co ., 1 , BrideJane , Fleet-street , London . Sold in Leeds by Mr » . Hann , Reinhardt , Briggate , and J . Hall , Briggate ; Halifax , Mr . Waterhouge , chemist ; York , Denni * and Co . ; Bradford , Rimmington , chemist ; Huddersfield , Hall , chemist ; Dewsbury , Gloyne ; Knaresborough , Aoonab ; Hull , Reinhardt ; and most medicin * venders in the kingdom .
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" And I will war , at least in words , - 4 ^ ' ^ lM ) lilainycllaace so lia ro -tleeas ) , nim aU who war with Thought J " " * < Wnk * tear a little bird , who an » s The people by and by will be the stronger . » _ Brao ! f . It is now sometime since we addressed our readers on Foreign Affairs . The multiplicity of W ™ 2 bomwhichrequire'to ; be * eeHy canvassed leaved us aoroonwn our usual editorial department for the discussion of foreign questions , fet events are of daily occurrence in other nations which are not onlv ntoatmg fiom their nature , but most of them o vital importaneetothe generalinterests of the human race , in which interests the people of this Teat .
aanon must necessarily liare a large share . On the European continent , innearly every nation , questions are > being agitated , or events are continually trans piring which deserve the serious consideration of the people of this country . For instance , the anti-An gacan war feeling so industriously fomented in trance—with the strength , hopes , and designs of the Kepnbhcan parly , are matters which must concern the people of England . The destinies of Spain , ^^ JL ^ . ^ * Stra yed by Espartebo , and then strangled by the bloody hand of Narvjiez , the tool ot Ohrisxka - and Lotus Fboxpfb , must be an object of solicitude to all good democrats . Nor can the hearings of lovely fallen Italy , writhing under the knives of her priestly and Mnelv
executioners , be regarded without emotion by the advocates of liberty in this island . The important struggle now going on in Switzerland , and the threatened intervention of foreign governments in the affairs of the Cantons , are subjects demanding the solemn consideration of the English people . The moral warfare for political and religious freedom in Germany ; the demand for democratic reform in Sweden j the fete of new-born Greece ; the ambitious designs of Russia ; and the coming day of awakening for Poland , and the vengeance she win claim ; are all subjects which should be clearly understood by the people of thi 3 country , so that when the propaganda of Democracy again marches over Europe—and march it uiU—Englishmen may be preparea to play their part
ia the war against kings " ana tyrants ot every descr iption . " And on the American continent the subjects to be found are not few , which may be profitably discussed . Anfi-RentisflL , Agrarianism , and Abolitionism , are all questions , the facts of which thousands are too little acquainted with ; while the Texas and Oregon questions , daily becoming more complicated , and threatening serious results to this country , should by 5 U means be made plain and easy of comprehension . Haters of fraud and tyranny , we will expose and assail with relentless hostility the crimes of the enemies of man's rights throughout the world . From the miscreant of Muscowtothelraser devil of Buenos
Ayres , all persecutors of their fellow-creatures shall be held up to the scorn and hatred of the world : while from Italy to Spain , from Poland to Cireassia , the cause of liberty shall have our hearty support . Too long have the nations been divided ; too long has brotherhood been but a word , and fraternity a action ; too long have profitmongers , priests , and kings kept the people of Europe in that bondage , which only allowed them the liberty of loosened wild beasts—the liberty to tear each other ' s throats . We Trodd , therefore , fain do somethinglflwards making at least the people of England , whom our words may reach , believers in , and practisere of the sublime principle of
Pace" The world is iny country ! To do good my religion !" Our readers wDl infer from the above what we mean to do . A word as to the mode of doing it . Our mode , our oue mode , will be the enunciation of the mtk . Possibly we may open up questions and advance sentiments which may ahum the prejudices of those who have not yet dared to think for themselves ; but even if so , we do not despair that the cause of truth and right will advance nevertheless . We shall be happy when our observations please all who may honour us with their attention ; but as we shall write rather to inform than to please , we shall act on the advice of Be Foe , " neither to give nor to take quarter ; " but " Seize on the truth wherever found , " and proclaim it fearless of consequences . With this exordium we commence with our first
subject—3 £ E HOLT COAX AX TREVES—THE SEW REFORMATION . One of the most remarkable attempts in modern times to revive the Papal power over the minds of its K'taries , was furnished by the exhibition , lately , at Treveg , in Germany , of a garment which the exhibitors with daring effrontery pretended was the seamless vesture worn by Jesus Christ , and for the possession of which , we are told , the soldiers cast lots ¦* t his crucifixion . The priests declare that the coat - £ ¦ miracles ; and thousands of the ignorant and c&uu : people , having faith in the fraud , have been making pilgrimages from great distances to worship at its shrine . Our introductory remarks to the articles intended to appear under the head of " Foreign Ibvements" having extended to a length not original / intended , we are necessitated to confine oursely . -ifo " r this week to the following extract from an article in Ainsworth ' s Magazine Jot February , reserving comment for a future occasion : —
' The great event of the Koman Catholic world , in the year that aas just passed , was the exhibition at Treves of the holiest relic of which the repertory of Rome can boast . To counteract , if possible , the influence of those opinions is Germany , which are so decidedly opposed to the doctrines of the Bomish Church , and to aid the cause which the Jesuits are everywhere so diligently labouring to sustain , it was resolved to have recourse to the bold expedient of endeavouring to impress the multitude by the very means which were employed to hold it in thrall l > efi ? re tbe li ght of the Keformation shone ttpon the darkeneS worll So part of Europe could have been better selected for such an experiment than the city of Trevesthe capital , in feet , if not in name , of a district , whose entire population are blindly submissive to the will of the
clergy , and whose credulity and superstition are equal to any demand that may be made upon them . The cathedral of Treves had moreover enjoyed , for full fifteen hundred years , the reputation of Queen of the Cisalpine churches , and spite of her diminished splendour , coniained within Jier bosom votaries as ardent and as willing to propagate the tenets of the Koman Catholic faith as ia the palmiest dajs of her history . The relic which she possessed was looked upon as the most precious object of religious adoration—miraculous properties of ihe highest Order were ascribed to it , and every facility existed for turning it to account . * * It was one of those mornings towards the end of September . ' when the heavy top which cover the Moselle , and . all tue adjacent valleys , at that season of the year , ait but the precursors of
brilliant days , that I proceeded oh my pilgrimage . * * Oar course lay along the left bank of the Moselle ; and about an hour after passing the Roman monument at IgeL we came in sight of the towers and spires of Treves , and , crossing the bridge , which is still supported on its Boman foundations , we entered the city . "We advanced but slowly ; a long procession , headed by priests , with banners floating and choristers chanting , issuing at that moment from the city gates to repair to one of the xazny sanctified spots that abound in the environs of Treves . A ' or , when these had passed , was our progress much quicker , owing to the crowds assembled in the streets , and the obstructions offered by the double line of booihs set out with the memorials of the Holy Tunic , of everj sze aud form .. Some were painted on alk and
saira , jrielih- bordered -with gold and crimson , —others , ef humbler pretensions , were only lithographs or woodcuts , —and others again aspired to the honours of lint engraving : some were stamped on linen for handkerchiefs-, others were formed in wax ; aud medals of silver or plated ware , bearing the image of the sacred robe , glittered on every stall and in every shop window . These medals were the universal ornament of men , women , and children : they were worn suspended from the neck by a narrow , light-blue riband . On the obverse was the robe surrounded by rays , and this legend in German , " Thehely coat of our Saviour , Treves , 1844 . " On the reverse an image of the Virgin , standing on a Clo » e , trampling down the serpent , with the rays of light issuing ftwm her hands . The legends ran thus : "Mary
conceived without sin : pray for us . In theewe take Our refuge . " The date on this side was 18 = 30 . As we got nearer the centre of the city , the plot seemed to thicken ; and combining this appearance with all we had heard , we began to fear that we should have some diffiealty in finding house-room . The large marketplace , and every avenue leading to it , appeared like one large fair ; here was a stall groaning beneath the weight of sausages , rye bread , and cooked provisions of afl Mnds ; beside it * another , piled with ripe fruitpeaches , grapes , and sunny apricots ; then came others filled with toys and trinkets , combs , brushes , looking glasses , books , beads , crucifixes , dolls for children , smart necklaces for grown-up girls , and rosaries for those of tnaturer age . Everything that could please the taste or
minister lo the physical necessities of the country cus tomer was here spread out . But it was in the Freihofthe open space in front of the cathedral—that the most curious scene awaited us . Here were assembled in two long lines the queues of the processions which from dayiight to midnight streamed without intermission into the building . They were all admitted throogh the righthand door , before which was a wooden barrier , which tras occasionally loweredby the gcns-cTarmes , who regu lated the movements of fhe processions , in order to " prevent too many from entering at once . But the interruptioa nvas scarcely perceptible ; for still the crowd kept moving onj jjjj ^ jt disappeared at the portal , it was
constantl y recruited by the numbers that arrived every moment from 13 sB Tnarfcef place . The men presented litfls that was remarkable , eiflier in dress or countenance- . bntaUnoficeaMefronj thefervourwithwhich they *»^ 7 f * ATeikwa and Credo—the men and women »«« natelj taldng up ae gt ^ gome of these choris-! ^ ^ . Cousin this good work , Uiat they struck areSaT " ae moment they crossed their own Sted «* ° * ** ' 3 Oarae * ^ Treves , nor inter-Sft / 2 S fooa or «* ; » *¦» * their honses ~ * L , , ey ^ ust have sung enough on this ex-^ r , l lastthem ^ the tJtfthS days . They rwnter , and waited for their turn to enter the cathe-
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tt , ^ / i atience tliat ap d i ^^ aafc . L ^? S * shrth week of tbe » rocessions - and ™ ZV £ ! * > * ° leSS ttMl . tKrteen miraculous cures ^ e 5 eCtea- Bttt tte convaleseents were singularly modest-they invariably disappeared from Treves as soon as tne healing process was comp leted—doubtless , in order to spread the fame of the Holy Tunic abroad and make room for others . The appearance of the interior of the building was , to say the least of it , extremely imposing . On rather Side of the central aisle were the
richly sculptured tombs of the former electors of Treves ; above them waved the many-coloured banners of the city guides ; and in the midst , moving with slow pace , came the thronging multitude between the barrier erected for the purpose . At the foot of the last flight of steps , the two living streams united , and depositing there the first oblations , ascended in single file te pass before the shrine . The relic was contained in a large , upright cruciform glasi-case , and was hung up with the sleeves extended , before a ground of white silk , being supported by a thin pole which ran across . Hich cords and tassels of
crimson and gold depended from a canopy of gorgeous drapery , which surmounted . the case ; and in front of it was a square platform , piled high with the offerings of the pious , the produce ofeach day ' s ceremony . Seated with their faces towards Ihe relic , but leaving a space before it for the procession to pass , appeared the Bishop of Treves , the coadjutor of the Archbishop of Cologne , and several other prelates , arrayed hi their pontifical robes ; and on each side of the altar stood a priest , receiving the various objects which the people brought for consecration by contact with the Holy Tunic . These were hastily thrust into the apertures at the bottom of the case , and then returned to the owners moyemiant , of course , an additional piece of money . Almost every one brought something to be blessed—rings , medals , crucifixes , rosaries , books ,
prints , and images of the Yirgin , and the officiating priests had their hands quite full . A few words will be necessary to describe the colour and texture of the relic . It is of a dark reddish brown hue , resembling , as an old writer says , who saw it a long tune ago , " unprepared cinnabar . " At a little distance it has a wrinkled appearance , like cracked leather ; buti examined closely , one sees that it is evidently a garment woven from some fine substance , perhaps a peculiar kind of flax . It is very thick , and hangs in many stiff folds , and has an air of great antiquity ; how old can only be revealed by the monk who first suggested its existence;—in aH probability , in the ninth century , when , after the moral darkness which succeeded the death of Charlemagne , the great traffic in relies first had birth .
Next week we shall give the celebrated letter of Jonjf Roxok , Catholic priest , exposing and denouncing this " pious fraud ? ' together with some particulars of the New Reformation of which this modem Luther is the originator .
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , For the Week ending Monday , Ilareh 11 th , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diaky of actual operations on a number of small farms in Sussex and Yorkshire , published by Mr . John Nowell of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , Yorkshire , as a guide to other possessors of field-garden farms to the labours which ought to be taken on their own lands . The farms selected as models , are—First . That of the Willing don school , five acres in extent , conducted by G . Gruttenden . Second . The Eastdean school , also five acres , near Beachy Head , conducted by John Harris .
Third . That of Jesse Piper , consisting of four acres , at Cruttenden . Fourth . That of John Dumbrell , a farm of six acres , at Jevington , near Beachy Head . Fifth . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite , near Huddersfield . Sixth and Seventh . Two small model farms at the same place , occupied on the estate of the Earl of Dartmouth , by Charles Varlejrand John B .-unford . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the Bouth with the north of England . The Diary is aided by " Notes and Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowll , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin . !
SUSSEX . Monday— Willingion School . Wet weather , boys in school . Eastdean School . Wet day , boys platting , and at their multiplication tables , and writing Piper . Cleaning and top-dressing lucerne , —do tiic mm to your wb&tt , for now is the time . Dvmbrell Rainy day . Tuesdat—WiUingdon School . Boys turning manure heap . Easidtan School . Boys digging , carrying manure for potatoes , mending tbe clover , picking roots and stones . Piper . Cleaning lucerne , — manure it well , eitlier tvith solid or liquid manure and mould . DumbreU . Planting cabbages , drilling tare 9 , and digging . Wedxesdat—WiUingdon School . Boys carrying out manure , for top-dressing wheat . Eastdean School . Boys emptying the tank , carrying its contents to
the ground intended for mangel wurzel and carrots , sowing tares . Piper . Weeding wheat , —if you hoe it , and the ground be loose , let the plant be firm at bottom . DumbreU . Planting cabbages , drilling tares , drilling oats , digging , and appl ying tank liquid to wheat . Thubsdat— WiUi n gdon School . Boys rolling and treading wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging , gathering roots for the mixen , cleaning oats , and sorting pig potatoes . Piper . Weeding wheat , it will want no top-dressing , it was well dressed at the bottom when sown . DumbreU . Drilling oats .
Fbidat—WSJfyigdon , School . Boys rolling and treading wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging , rolling and mending tares , getting in turnips and mangel wurzel , for the cows . Piper . Mending wheat , not often too strong near Beachy Head , and if so , a crop without manure will cure it . DumbreU . Drilling oats . Saturday—WiBingdon School . Boys carrying tank liquid for the intended carrot crop . Eastdean School . Boys cleaning out p iggery , replacing the turf where mould for the mixenwas got , clearing up . Piper . Emptying the tank . DumbreU . Drilling oats , sowing bnions in the garden , planting cabbages .
YOBKSHTRE . Slaffiwaite Tenants . John Bamford , in a note appended to his return , says , "Nothing has been done with the exception of turning some dung . The weather has been of so stormy a character , attended with fiost and snow , that general farm labour has been out of question . I got the tare seed ready a fortnight ago , but as yet there has not been an opportunity to sow any of it . " Cow-FEEDEfO . —WiUingdon Sclool . Got o fed with clover , hay , and turnips . DmabnWs . One cow fed in the stall with mangel wurzel , carrots , and straw . One cow and heifer fed with turnips , carrots , and straw .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Oats . —[ Seed sown in Sussex seven bushels , in Yorkshire six bushels , to the acre . ] Sow oats early ; for early sowing gives weight to the grain , while late sowing gives weight of straw . Choose your seed from a poorer soil , adopting the variety to your soil adopting the variety to your soil and climate , but let the seed be good and heavy , and from the fens if possible . The Eastbourne field-gardeners sow from the beginning to the end of March , in drills , at six inches distance , using about three bushels of mould manure to the rod . In the north , oats are always sown broadcast , commonly on fresh broken up pastur e land , without manure . On fresh broken up peaty moorland , a dressing of quick lime" adds greatly to the produce .
Sxeef poe Seed Oats . —Take 24 Ibs . of common salt ; dissolve it in twelve pails full of water ; steep six bushels of seed in the solution for twelve hours ; remove the seed , let it drain for one hour ; it . will easily divide , and sow , broadcast , on one acre . This method has long been pratised by an individual , and has yielded , according to Ms estimate , an addition to his crop of one pack of meal per acre , and he states that tne corn ripens ten days earlier than usual . , Sprko Wheat . —[ Seed sown , three bushels , value 21 s . —Dibbled , one bushel , value 7 s . per acre . —Expense of dibbling , 14 s . —Sowing in seed , 14 s besides horse and man ' s labour . Actual experiment . ] Dibble , drill , or sow spring wheat : bnt after reading the motto , I think , certainly , you will dibble . In general , a moderate liming on either winter or spring wheat answers well , where it is not the custom to manure the crop .
In dibbling , steep your seed in urine ; use a little quick lime , and plenty of rape dust to make it part . Let your rows be six inches apart ; strike four holes at a tame , six inches distance , three inches deep . Place as near as yon can guess three seeds la each hole . Cover up immediately , and tread the seed in as you go on . If your wheat crop follow potatoes or turnips , a good liming in most cases would be well ; and in all cases a dressing of home made or domestic guano would be beneficial to your com ; or about 1 * cwt . to the acre of natural guano , well pounded , and intimately mixed , passing it through a sieve repeatedly , with moist ash charcoal , burnt clay compost , or coal ashes ; or drill with the seed about six or eight bushels of rape dust per acre . The spring sown wheat is manured at Eastbourne with five bushels of mould manure to the rod .
Beans . —[ Seed dibbled , two aud a half to three bushels per acre . ]—Do not delay now to dibble in your beans . Beans ought to be sown in February . As this crop follows corn that has been well manured , no manure will be required . Place them in rows eighteen inches apart ana three inches asunder , and cover in well three niches deep . Dibble a table bean between each one of your potatoe sets .
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Northern- Expedition . —It is now deinitively arranged that a Northern expedient shall be fitted out , to sail about the 1 st of May . Sir J . Franklin will have the command ; and we are informed that the Erebus and Terror will be provided with the most approved Archimedian screw propeller * Fossil Remains . —Cromer . —The late high tides have partly uncovered the lignite beds along the base of the clitis , and among the fossil remains of that stratum have been found a fine specimen of the lower jaw of a rhinoceros , with the seven molar teeth , in good preservation ; together with molars of the elephant , hippopotamus , and beaver . One of those rare implements the celt , supposed to have been in use among the aboriginal Britons , has also been found on the beach . They are all in the collection of Mr . Simons , at the Bath-house . —Cambridge Advertisar .
Waterproof Ammunition . —The Washington correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce has the following , under date the 31 st ultimo : — " In the house Mr . Tibhatts , by unamimous consent , submitted a joint resolution that the law of 1808 , appropriating annually 200 , 000 dollars for arming and equipping the militia of the United States and territories , be so modified that one-fourth of the amount shall be applied to the purchase of Colt's waterproof ammunition . The resolution was read twice , and referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the Union . A highly favourable report from army , navy ,
and militia officers accompanied the bill , setting forth that Colt ' s cartridges can be preserved any length of time without deterioration of the powder ; that no fire is left in the gun , after a discharge , to cause premature explosion on reloading ; that the tune required for sponging , pricking , and tending vent ( being one-third of the whole time required in loading a gun ) is saved ; that the cartridges are spark and waterproof ; and that troops using them can march in-storms of rain , can ford rivers without risk to their ammunition , and bring on an action under circumstances where cartridges of common construction would be destroyed .
Electric Clocks . —The following extract of a letter from Mr . Finlaison , of Loughton Hall , appears in the Polytechnic Review : — " Mr . Bain has succeeded to admiration in working electric clocks by the currents of the earth . On the 28 th of August he set up a small clock in my drawing-room , the pendulum of which is in the hall and both instruments in a voltaic circuit as follows : —On the N . E . side ot my house two zinc plates , a foot square , are sunk in a hole , and suspended to a wire : this is passed through the house , to the pendulum first , ana then
the clock . On the S . E . side of the house , at a distance of about 40 yards , a hole was dug four feet deep , and two sacks of common coke burned in it ; among the coke another wire was secured , and passed in at the drawing-room window , and joined to the former wire at the clock . The ball of the pendulum weighs nine pounds , but it was moved energetically , and has ever since continued to do so with the self-same energy . The time is to perfection , and the cost of the motive power was only 7 s . 6 d . There are but three little wheels in the clock , and neither weights nor springs ; so there is nothing to be wound up . "
Progress of Sxeaji Power . — -A new machine for the purpose of superseding manual labour in lithographic printing by _ steam power , has lately been patented , and brought into considerable operation in England . Hitherto the printer , after inking the drawing , was himself obliged to drag the stone through the press , and this expenditure of valuable tune greatly increased the costliness of the process . The new invention relieves the pressman from this labour , and by accelerating the process will render lithographic prints much cheaper than they have hitherto been . The impressions , too , are sure to be uniform , and as the higher pressure afforded by the steampress permits the use of undamped paper and a better quality of ink , thus preventing the distortions resulting from the unequal stretchings of the damp paper , they will be much superior to those produced by the mere manual process .
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LONDON . Metropolitan District Council . —Mr . J . F . Linden in the chair . —Reports were received from several localities in favour of the sixpenny levy in support of the Executive . The following resolution , on the motion of Messrs . Stallwood ana Simpson , was unanimously adopted : — " That the question relative to the Convention be adjourned until Sunday next , March 9 th . " ; Mr . Lewellyn , late of Poatypool , one of the compatriots ef John Frost , who lost his all at the time of the Newport outbreak , addressed the Council at considerable length . In the course of his speech he complained of the unequal distribution of the monies subscribed for those who had unfortunately fallen victims to their devotion to the glorious
principles contained in the People's Charter ; and suggested that for the future , should victims be made , that the funds subscribed should be equally divided , although the sum might not amount to more than one farthing each . ( Cheers . ) On the motion of Mr . Stallwood , seconded by Mr . John Arnott , the follow , lowing resolution was carried unanimously : — " That the best thanks of this Council are due , and are hereby given to Mr . Philip M'Grath , for his able and argumentative letter in reply to the foul aspersions cast on the Chartist body by William Lovett . " Mr . Blackmore , of Plymouth , then addressed the Council , shewing the great progress of Chartism in Devon and Cornwall , and the great desire expressed by the Chartists in those counties to receive a visit from Mr . O'Connor . The Council then adjourned .
Bethnal-crees . —Whittington and Cat , Churchrow . —At a meeting of the members of this locality on Sunday last , a vote of thanks was given to Mr . M'Grath , for his reply to the malicious and anti-Chartist letter of Mr . Lovett . The levy of sixpence was unanimously carried . Mr . Davis was nominated as a candidate to represent the Hamlets in the ensuing Convention . Post-office Espionage . —A public meeting was held at the Cheshire Cheese Tavern , Grosvenor-row , Chelsea , on Sunday evening , March 2 nd , 1845 , to consider the above subject . Mr . Sturge was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . G . J . Harney gave a lucid exposition of the system of espionage carried on at the General Post-office , under the direction of the Home arid Foreign Secretaries . Mr . H . concluded by moving the Mowing resolution : — "That the thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby given to that noble champion of democracy , T . S . Dancombe , Esq ., for his able exposures of the Post-
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office espionage—a practice subversive of all public morality , inimical , to the liberties of nations , and calculated to disgrace our ' country in , thc eyes of mankind . And this meeting , highly approving of the exertions made by Mr . Duncombe , to put an end to these odious practices , call upon him to continue these efforts , until , backed by the people , he shall have succeeded in annihilating a system so repugnant to the feelings , and so destructive of the rights of the community . " The resolution was ably seconded by Mr . J , Dowling , supported by Mr . W . Matthews , aud carried unanimously . A spirited collection was then entered into on behalf of the Duncombe Testimonial , which , with Tprevioussums , makes £ 14 collected in Chelsea for the same object . The meeting then broke up .
City Locality . —At a meeting of this locality , held at the Hall , Turnagain-lane , on the 18 th ult ., the following resolution was adopted " : — "That in the opinion of this meeting the recent decision of the Association , with respect to the future appointment of the Executive , fully proves that the country was not faithfully represented at the last Conference . We therefore call upon the various districts about to send delegates to the ensuing Convention to elect men from their own ranks , who will honestly represent their wishes , and hold them responsible for the trust reposed in them . " King of Prussia , Toolbt « 3 treet . —At the usual weekly meeting of the St . John ' s and St . Olave ' s locality , delegates were elected to attend on the Metropolitan District Council for Sunday next .
ISLE OF WIGHT . Newport , —At our usual weekly meeting held on Tuesday evening , at the King ' s Head Inn , Newport , Isle of Wight , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — " That after considering the recent accusations against Mr . O'Connor ' s conduct , we beg to express our unshaken confidence in him , and to assure him that so long as he continues in the straightforward course he has hitherto pursued , he will merit and receive the best thanks and confidence of the working classes . "
PLYMOUTH . At the usual weekly meeting , held on Sunday evening last , the following gentlemen were put in nomination as candidates for the future Executive : — Thomas Clark , Christopher Doyle , Philip M'Grath , Feargus . O'Connor , and Thomas M . Wheeler ; and the sum of £ 1 was ordered to be sent to the Executive as a portion of the levy . MANCHESTER . A Leciube was delivered in the Carpenters' Hall , Garret-road , on Sunday evening last , by that sterling advocate of Democracy , Mr . John West , of Macclesfield . The assembl y was numerous , and the talented ecturev save universal satisfaction .
HALIFAX . Mr . Doyle , of the Executive Committee , delivered two eloquent and impressive lectures on Sunday last , in the Working Man ' s Hall , to numerous and atientive audiences . Subject : "The Wrongs and Rights of Labour . " A unanimous vote of thanks was given to Mr . Doyle at the close of the lecture , and the meeting separated highly gratified .
YORKSHIRE . The Dewsbury District Meeting was held on Sunday last , when delegates were present from the following places : —Wakefield , Thomas Shackelton ; Dewsbury , James Fox and Samuel Fogg ; Littletown , William Schofield and John Rathery ; Birstall , Frederick William . Sucksmith . The following resolutions were passed : — " That the secretary be authorised to comply with the address of the Executive of the 22 nd oi March , by transmitting sixpence per member to Mr . Wheeler forthwith . " " That each delegate bring the levy to the next delegate meeting . " " That the thanks of this meeting are due to C . Doyle , for his able and straightforward advocacy of the rights of the millions . " Litilbtown . — On Wednesday evening , Feb . 26 , Mr . C . Doyle , visited this place , and delivered a lecture to a very attentive audience in the Association
Hoom . Mr . Doyle spoke upwards of an hour and a half . At the conclusion of his lecture , the following resolutions were put to the meeting , and carried unanimously : —Moved by William Lacy , seconded by Abraham Sehofield , "That we , the Chartists of this locality , in public meeting assembled , having seen in the Northern Star the charges preferred by Dr . M'Douall against Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., and the refusal of Dr . M'Douall to attend before the Council in Manchester , to substantiate those charges , do consider such conduct anti-Democratic ; and that Dr , M'Douall is no more worthy of our confidence . " Meved by Ebenezer Clegg , seconded by a friend , " That the best thanks of this meeting ' are due , and are hereby given , to the Manchester Council , for the honourable and praiseworthy manner in which they conducted the inquiry . " After Mr . Doyle had disposed of about nineteen of the Executive hand-books , and enrolled several new members , the meeting broke
CORNWALL . Penzakce . —Glorious Progress of Chartism . — At a special meeting of the Chartists of this locality , numerously attended , Mr . Alexander Davis in the chair , it was proposed by W . J . Guscott , and sece-nded by Mr . Locker , " That the confidence of our body be presented to Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Messrs . Philip VTGrath , Christopher Doyle , Thomas Clark , and T . M . Wheeler , to which we deem them justly , entitled , for their untiring exertions in the promotion of our sacred principles . " It was further proposed by
P . J . O'Brien , and seconded by Richard Gendali , 11 That the abovenamed five are fit and proper persons to be nominated for the new Executive . " Both these propositions were carried unanimously . We are happy to inform you that the local war for municipal officers commenced on Saturday with crowning success . The four assessors and two auditors elected are the men of our own choice . We are determined to contest every inch with the enemy , and have hopes that we shall be able on the 25 th inst . to elect overseers poor law guardians , and board of highways . The town-councillors elected by the people are doing their duty nobly . —Correspondent .
TILLICOULTRY . Tuk Demise of Mn , Jons Duncan , of Edinburgh . —With feelings of deep regret the Chartist Association here heard of the event . We fear the cause of patriotism and philanthropy has lost one of her noblest and brightest ornaments ; one that will not soon be replaced . Arrayed , as Mr . Duncan was , in the integrity of the principles he professed—determined to leave the world better than he found it—ho threw his whole talents and energy into the movement of the working classes , and laboured with zeal and determination fov many years , equal to any , and surpassed by none . By his calm and rational mode of procedure lie made friends of all , and enemies of few : but , alas ! b y -his over-exertions he lost his health , and , for a long time the total use of his reason . He has left behind him a virtuous wife and
family to lament his loss , with few or none to befriend them in the time of need . Shall we , therefore , the Chartisfs of Scotland , have the ingratitude to forget those so near and dear to one that we are so much indebted to ? We look for better things , and if we are what we profess to be , our works will bear witness ; for " words are but wind , actions speak the mind . " Will the men of Edinburgh and . Dundee , where Duncan laboured so long and so faithfully , not bestir themselves ? and by subscriptions raise Mrs . Duncan from her very straitened circumstances to those of comfort and respectability ? The task is easy . Let the friends , of Edinburgh form a committee . Let us vie with each other in the work which is already begun , and which we hope will soon be finished . Tillicoultry has begun the work ; Alva likewise . Shame upon us if we leave Mrs . Duncan and familv unprovided for !
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often disturbed and mutilated seven or eight bodiesthat is , I have severed heads , arms , legs , or whatever came in my way , ¦ ^ t ^^ a crowbar , pickaxe , chopper , and- saw . ' Some . of them ; -were quite fresh , and some decomposed ! I have hail as much as one hundred weight and a half of human flesh on what we term the "beef board , " at the foot of the grave at one time . I have often put a rope round the neck of the corpse to drag it out of the coffin , fastening one end of the rope to a tombstone , so as to keep the corpse upright to get at the coffin from underneath , to make room for the flesh of other bodies . The coffins were taken away and burnt , with pieces of decomposed flesh adhering thereto . I have taken up half a ton of wood out of one grave , because I had to
take out two tiers of coffins , some of which were quite fresh , and we used to cut them up for struts , used for shoring up the graves . x \ o had as many aa fifty and sixty sides of coffins always in use to keep the ground from falling in when digging . We have buried as many as forty-five bodies hi one day , besides still-borns . I and Tom Smith kept an account one vear . We buried 2017 bodies , . besides still-boras , which are generally enclosed in deal coffins . W-e have taken them up when they have been in the ground only two days , and used them to light fires with ' . I have been up to my knees in human flesh , by jumping on the bodies so as to cram them into the least possible space at the bottom of the graves in which fresh bodies were afterwards placed . We covered over the flesh at the bottom by a small layer of mould . I have ruptured myself m dragging a heavy corpse out of the coffin . It was a very heavv one . It slipped from my hold lifting it
by the shoulders . The corpse was quite tresh . — William Penny , inspector of the G division : In December , 1843 , a petition was presented to the magistrates at Clerkenwell Police Court , signed by about ISO inhabitants . The magistrate gave me the petition and desired me to see to it . - I did so , and went immediately to a one-story erection in the burial f round called a " bone-house" where I found a large re on the floor and in the grate . The fire consisted of coffin-boards of full-grown people and children broken up ; some were quite sound with pieces of black cloth and handles and plates , and pieces of shrouds were flying about . Tne smell was indescribable . I have visited the ground many times since , and have found it in the same state . Have repeated experience in my nightly rounds of the horrible stench from the burial ground . —Great excitement continues to prevail throughout the parish , and it is understood that an inquiry will be forthwith instituted .
An Effectual Remedy For Bilious Liver, And Stomach Complaints.
AN EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR BILIOUS LIVER , AND STOMACH COMPLAINTS .
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¦ Loxdox Corn Exchange , Monday , March 8 . —The arrivals of English wheat were rather large during the past week , those of barley only moderate , but of oats a fair supply came to hand not only from our own coast , but likewise from Scotland and Ireland . Of beans and peas there were no receipts of importance from any quarter . This morning there was but a moderate show of wheat by land-carnage samples from the neighbouring counties , nor was there much barley or oats fresh up , whilst the disp ay of beans and peas on the Essex , Kent , and Suffolk stands was small . The . weather was very fine during the greater part of last week , but this morning we have heavy rain . The demand for wheat was again very slow , and sales were mnde with some ' difficulty on last Monday ' s terms . The transactions in free foreign
wheat were likewise on a restricted scale , but the trifling business done was at former rates . In bond , nothing of interest transpired . Flour hung heavily on hand , and ship samples were the turn cheaper . Barley was held pretty firmly at the currency of this day se ' nnight , but maltsters and distillers acted with extreme caution . Malt also moved off slowly . The oat trade remained in precisel y the same position as during the past week , the princi pal dealers holding off with a view of causing a further depression in prices ; the quantity sold was consequently " unimportant , though factors generally submitted lo a decline of 6 d . per qr . on last Monday ' s rates . Beans and
peas were in steady request , and maintained their bvmer value . The backward nature of spring has hitherto retarded the demand for cloverseed , and there was very little doing in the article this morning prices of this as well as most , other species of seeds remain nominally unaltered . 'Ihe , following is the official statement of the stock of gram in bond in London for the month ending leb . 5 : —Wheat 127 , 916 , oats 17 , 600 , beans 369 , peas 1458 qrs . ; flour 53 , 15 i cwt . Official statement of the stock ot gram in bond in the United Kingdom for the month ending Feb . 5 : —Wheat 344 , 668 , barley 8141 , oats 6 fi , 981 , beans 2786 , peas 6312 , qrs . ; flour 265 , 907 cwt . CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL
QUARTER . —British . s s s Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 42 48 White SO H Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 46 Ditto 48 50 Korthum . and Scotch white 42 46 Fine 48 52 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 45 48 Rve Old 31 32 New 30 32 Brank 35 3 S Bailev Grinding .. 26 28 Distil . 29 30 Malt . 31 3 « Malt Brown .... 5 i 56 Pale 57 SI Wave C 2 64 Beans Ticks old « fc new 30 S 3 Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 49 Peas Grey 32 33 Maple 33 3 t White 36 38 Oats Lincolns < fc Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 2 t 28 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 22 Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 2801 b . net . a s Town-made Flour ... 42 441 Norfolk & Stockton 33 34 Essex and Kent .... 34 35 Irish 34 35 Free . Bond
Foreign . a s s s Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , < fcc 52 58 36 38 Marks , Mecklenburg ; . . 48 52 32 34 Danish , Ilolstein , and Friesland red 44 4 ( i 2 G 28 : Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 4 ( 5 48 White ... 50 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 4 G 48 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Rve , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Dndried . . 30 32 21 22 Baricv Grinding . 25 27 Malting . . 30 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 33 Egyptian . 31 32 24 28 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 32 34 28 » Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 31 Russianfeed , 21 22 15 IS Danish , Friesland feed ......... 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 26 18 30
London Smiiiifield Catile Market , Mondat , March 3 . —Since this day se ' nnight the imports of live stock from abro ; ul for our market have been limited , compared with those of many preceding weeks , they not having exceeded forty-two oxen , five cows , and fourteen sheep , all from Holland . As the whole of the above importations were brought forward and disposed of on Friday last , not a single head was exhibited to-day . Thia falling off in the receipts of foreign beasts and sheep must be chiefly attributed to the stringent regulations in Holland to prevent the spreading of the epidemic , which is raging '' with fearful ' violence amongst live stock in that country . The supply of beasts received from our own grazing districts was seasonably extensive , and of unusually prime quality , especiall y as relates to the Scots and homebreds from Norfolk ; indeed , we have seldom seen so fine and so even a collection of that description of stock as this morning . We
regret to observe , however , that the beef trade was in a very depressed state , and th 6 quotations in con « sequence suffered a decline of quite 2 d . per 81 b ., the very highest figure for the best Scots not exceeding 3 s . lOd . per 81 b ., and yet a clearance was not effected . The bullock droves from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex and Cambridgeshire comprised 2200 Scots and homebreds j while from the northern counties we received only 200 shorthorns : from the western and midland districts , 200 of various breeds ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 100 horned and polled Scots . The number of sheep was somewhat less than last week , yet it was sufficiently large . Prime old Downs commanded a steady but not to say brisk inquiry at full prices , while in most other breeds a fair amount of business was doing at late rates . The veal trade was rather heavy , yet the quotations were mostly supported . Prime small porkers were quite as dear . In other kinds of pork very little vas doing .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offa ! . s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 4 2 8 Second quality . . . 2 10 3 3 Prime large oxen . 3 i 6 6 Prime Scots , &c 3 8 3 10 Coarse inferior sheep ... 2 3 3 0 Second quality . ••••!*? „ Prime coarse woolled ... 3 6 4 9 Prime Southdown ••••* , ??; Large coarse calves .... 3 10 4 Prime small 4 8 5 0 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 3 ft 0 Large hogs ..,,. 3038 Neat small porkers ... 3 10 4 4 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 0 HEAD OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Markit ;) Beasts , 3 , 137—Sheep , 24 , 510-Calyes , 62—Pigs , 333 . Smithfieu ) Hay Markets . —Corse meadow hay , £ 3 10 s . to £ 4 10 a . ; useful ditto , £ 4 12 s . to £ 4 18 s . ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 to £ 5 5 s . ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s . to £ 5 los . ; oat straw , £ 1 16 s . to £ 1 18 s .. ; wheat straw , £ 1 ISs . to £ 2 per load . A fair average gupply , and a sluggish demand . Liverpool Corn Market , Monday , March 3 . — TVe have again to report a liberal weekly supply of flour , with fair quantities of wheat , oats , and oatmeal from Ireland . Since Tuesday last there has been rather a better feeling in the trade as respects wheat ; the millers have not bought more freely , but at last Friday ' s market two or tln'ee parcels of Irish
new were taken on speculation , and in some instances at a little advance on previous rates . Foreign has continued to be neg lected . The demand for Flour has been on a limited scale , and oatmeal lias sold slowly at the quotations of this day se ' nnight . Two or three parcels of mealing oats have found buyers at 2 s , lOcl . to 2 s , lid . per 451 bs . There has been little passing in cither barley , beans or peas . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , March 1 . Our market during the week has presented no new feature , the same want of-activity in the demand or all articles , especially for flour , having been experienced as we have so frequently had occasion to report of late ; and , although in some few instances it has been necessary to accept rather lower rates for
flour of middling and inferior quality , wo cannot note any material variation from the previous currency . At our market this morning holders of wheat evinced rather a firmer feeling , but the business transacted was only to a limited extent . A very languid demand was also apparent for flour . Both oats and oatmeal met a moderate sale without alteration in value ; and beans continued in limited request , but cannot be quoted cheaper . Liverpool Caulk Market , Monday , March S . The supply of cattle at market to-day was not quite so large as last week , but prices were about the same . Beef 5 Jd . to 6 d ., mutton 6 * d . to 7 d . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 24 th Feb . to the 3 rd March : —717 cows , 6 « alves . " .. 2888 sheep , 97 lambs , 7075 pigs , 31 horses .
Leeds Cloth Markets . —There has been , a decided improvement in the warehouses during the past-week , but very little business has been done at the Gloth Halls , and manufacturers complain that they cannot obtain remunerating profits since the late rise in the price of wool . Leeds' Coihj Market , _ Tuesday , March 4 . —We have had a very large arrival of wheat for this day ' s market , but the supplies of spring com do not materially exceed the wants of the trade , Haying a better attendance of millers than for some weeks past , the demand for wheat has been to a fail' extent , and fine dry qualities have well sustained the prices of last week ; damp and secondary qualities must be quoted rather lower in some instances . Barley ia slow , but no change takes place in its value . Oats rather lower . -Beans and other articles without variation .
THE AVERAGE TRICES OF CORN , FOR TUE WEEK ENDING MARCH 4 , 1846 . Wheat . Barley . Oats . Rye . Beans . Peas 0 , 1-s . Qrs . Qvs . Qrs . Qrs . Qrs . 5124 1144 330 - 419 1 * £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s , d . £ s . 0 . 2 6 If 1 12 5 13 4 — 116 1 * I , W % York Corn Market , March 1 . —The large sup . plies we have had reason to note of late , are kept up , but the dull accounts from Wakefield have not had any effect in reducing prices here . Wheat and oate are saleable , at last week ' s prices ; and really prime samples of barley , from their scarcity , are the turn dearer . Beans , 6 d . to Is . per qr . lower .
MaltOiV Corn Market , March l . —We have only a short supply of grain offering to this day ' s market ; wheat dull sale , at rather lower prices m narleand oats we make no alteration , 44 s . to 47 s . ; white do ., 4 P- ' 49 s . to 50 s . ; white do stones . Barley , 26 s . Oats , 9 Jd . to 10 id . -
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Bb . Bvcslasd ox Gvj&o . —There ^ was another kind of manure which he wished particularly to impress upon the farmers' attention—he alluded to guano . It was as they knew the droppings of sea fowl , accumulated for ages upon the coast of Africa and America , and on many islands in the Pacific ocean . Since its first importation , four years only ago , guano had been used with the greatest success in various parts of the country . It was notorious that experiments made with it during 1844 had almost universally failed ; and their failure exemplified those chemical principles upon which guano was applied , shewing that it ought never to be applied as a top
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A ^ A ^ A ^^^^^ Ma ^^^^^ rA ^^ V ^ - ^ V ^ - The Spafields Burial Ground . —Interference of the Home Secretary . — -The repeated complaints and representations of the committee of the inhabitants of Clerkenwell have at length attracted the attention of the Home Secretary to the nuisance and practices so long prevalent in the neighbourhood of Exmouth-street , Spafields . A communication was made by Sir James Graham to the police commissioners on Saturday , and Captain Hay , the assistant commissioner , on that day inspected the Spafields burial ground , accompanied by Mr . Watt , the chairman , Mr . Clarke , the secretary , and several other respectable householders . The stench arising from decomposed human bodies was declared by Captain Hay to be insufferable , and the committee were directed to forward such information as they
could collect ( reduced into writing ) for the guidance of Sir James Graham . A meeting of the committee took place on Sunday , and examinations were taken and forwarded to the Home Office . A meeting of the parish officers has likewise been held at the workhouse in Coppice-row , and Mr . Wakeling-, the vestry clerk , has , it is stated , opened a correspondence with the Secretary of State on the subject . The manner in which this extraordinary and revolting work of demolition was first discovered is this : —Reuben Room , a grave-digger at the burial-ground , had a child interred sometime since , and upon his discharge he insisted on removing the body , asserting that he well knew after he left that the coffin would be burnt , the body and limbs severed , and deposited elsewhere * Police constables' Henry Webb , G 106 , and Martin , 144 , were called in to prevent Room opening the grave ,
upon which he took the two officers to an outhouse , where they saw the lids of several coffins consuming over a fierce fire , and pieces of " human flesh" ( to use the officers' own words ) were attached to the coffins the size of their hands . The written examinations sent to Sir James Graham are seven in number . The statements are revolting in the extreme , andalmost exceed belief ; yet it is right that the public as well as the Home Secretary , should be aware of what goes on at such places . We subjoin two of these « even depositions : —Reuben Room examined : Wad in the employ of Mr . F . Greene as grave-digger in 1837 , and continued in hia employ for about six years . Our mode of working the ground was not commencing at one end and working to the other , but digging wherever it was ordered , totally regardless whether the ground was full or not . For instance , to dig a grave seven feet deep , at a particular spot , I have
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— = dressing , except in rainy weather , and when the plant is m a state of active growth . There were many advantages attending the use of guano , not the least of which were its portability , and its powers of retaining its properties for many years , if kept dry and excluded from the air . It was much cheaper now than on . its introduction into this country , and next year the supply would be * such as to reduce its price to half of that charged last year , He knew that no less than 600 ships had left Liverpool alone in the present year-toget guano , and they would'bring back at least 60 , 000 tons . Three years ago the price was £ 15 per ton , last year it was £ 10 , and tliis year it has been £ f or £ 8 . The Professor repeated his strongest recommendation of guano . If he possessed 500 or
1000 acres in the neighbourhood , he wonld himself sendfor a shipload , and land it at Axmouth harbour . He would store it in his coach-house , or cellars , if they were dry—for it would keep extremely well in a dry place—and sell it even in half-crown worths to the fanners for experiments , and he was ( quite sure that the result of these experiments would induce them all to come the following year and expend many pounds on this precious manure . Some of the guano sold in this country was adulterated by art and some by nature , but a little precaution on the part of the buyer would prevent his being imposed upon . He had only to put a teaspoonful into a tumbler full of warm water and to wash and rinse it , whirling it round briskly , when the sand ( if anv were mixed
with it ) might be detected at the bottom . He would particularly caution them against applying guano in dry weather , because during a few weeks exposure on the surface most of its fertilizing properties would be evaporated . Farmers often lose their labour from disregarding the time and circumstances proper for applying guano , and instead of blaming themselves , found fault with the manure . If the weather were dry , the wiser course would be , instead of wasting the guano , to keep it for another year . —Dr . Buekland ' s speech at the Meeting of the East Devon aud Dorset Agriculturnl Society . . § Cultivation . —The great object of all cultivation is to introduce into plants those substances which are adapted to the food of man . In their natural
state they receive , from the air and the soil , merely iood enough for their own support , the elements re-Suire d to form the blood of man are contained in liem in very small quantities . It must always be borne in mind by the farmer , that cultivated crops are in a state as much unlike that intended by nature as the stall-fed ox , which has been made to attain aa enormous development of fat by excessive supplies of the most nutritious food , or unlike the cow which is obliged to seek its nourishment over an extensive range of scanty mountain pasture . Transplanted by man from their native soil , and collected , for hia convenience , around his dwelling , there has been
produced by art a forced and unnatural development of all their parts , but especially of their seeds , and to maintain , this forced development the utmost care of the farmer is required ; for should he trust his fields to nature , his crops would again return to their natural state , or perhaps entirely disappear . It is well known that the produce of an acre of the wild potato in Chili , its native country , would scarcely suffice for the daily consumption of an Irish family ; yet the wild plant and the cultivated are equally exposed to the influence of the atmosphere ; the difference in their value as food must therefore depend entirely upon the amount of nourishment supplied by the soil . "
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Mabch 8 , 1845 . 1 - THE NORTHERN STAR . - 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 8, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1305/page/7/
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