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Pr inted by DOUGALJi'60 WAN, of 17; Great-Wuntaua-, . street, ^*ymark«t, -jn ibe City ofrW;e%tmiwter,«ttl*e
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HOUSE OF COMMONS , Mo . vdat , March 11 . s ^ r jtssssstew «« Hsn ^ . ^ ^ r ^ tssts iuTiirsoi- 'iiit lor debt for sums under £ 20 worked vrai , wiV i » « . !*** «* ro ^ c ^ t of thatpower of L ; . risonmcnt . The ri ? ht Iwn . l <™» further stated , t areplv to a . peftkm fawnMr . Dlvrtt , that , t ins ocsir ::-Dlc to have sull furtl . tr cs ^ ri ^ ° its ° f " * " » bfore extending tho uieraie t « Treted and bcoiJand . Upon Uic order ofthc * y «» r the «™"" ttee of supply lang read the Sp ~* cr cjiIIsU on Mr . Wakley antt Sir C . Xapier , « Ji « featl cad . {?»«¦« notice of their intention to move amesduKats upon it , but neither ; : entlenv : n responCeJ to the ca ! : 5 a"d tnc uouse accordingly resolved itself into committee without any previous d : ? cussion , to Hie p-tat amusement of the members who were preseut , and to the no small aunoyancc , asaittiward ; appeared , of the two gentlemen who chanced to be absei . t .
In the committee Mr . Convx Drought forward th « Xavy Estimates , briviiy star . ng tl ; e causes for tlie increase or decrease of each particular grant . Among otlur matters lie explained Hie reasons why lie demanded an increase of 4 , 0 G 0 men for Hie naval service of the present year . That increase was rendered requisite by the necessity of having squadrons on thecvXstof China , on the coast of Africa , and in the Pacific Ocean . A vote of 40 . 009 men for the service of " the present y « ar was a less vote than that which ¦ was required for the service of the yew 1811-1842 , for at that lime we fca
Mr . VTakkt immcuiaiclj rose , anil moved tliat the Chairman do report progress , lie hr . d been pressed by lis constituents to l > ri ; : g forward a motion respecting the post-oSiee . They were wwst anxious that he should move for . a copy of tlie warrant , if any existed , authorising the Fostmaster-Gsm .:-: !! to open the letters of his colleague , Mr . DuncoaHH . ' . That motion he must bring forward , aiid wlienevtr lie « i : cl so , lie would take the sense ol tlio lionse upon it . He lad bjen absent from the house only £ ve iniantef , and wfcra he returned to it he found it in a committee of supply * It was a sad pity tliat Government should nave lent itself to such sli :: rp practice , especially as Unas not then fire o ' elonk , the lurar at which jmblie bnsinefs generally commenced . - Sir R . Teei , disclaimed all intention of . taking . advantage of Mr- WafcJey ' s absence- After -the notices -o € molion werexead , "Use Speaker waited five minutes , arid it was not till then thai Jlr . Corry propastd to proceed with the public bnrfuts ? .. v
Sir C . Sawer observed , that if Mr . Wakley felt that he Sad a right to complain of-eharp practice , he had a' still stronger" l-eaHm to urge tlie same complaint , f . \ r hU notice of-motion stood lower down on the orders of the day . Af ter a short -discussion , 3 £ r . Wafcley withdrew his
amendment . Sir C . S *« ee then entered at some length into an exposition of his view of the present state of the navy , and more particularly of the steam iiayy , as regarded the mode of construction , &c , which' he mumm orally coudemnetl as unfitted for the purposes for which war steamers were intended , and suggested the propriety of instituting a commission for the purpose of inquiring into the subject . A discussion ensued , in which SirO . Cockburn , Captain Berkeley , Captain Kous , Captain Ftchiil , and Captain Carnegie took pert ; sifter winch Mr . Hume moved that the number of men employed for the navr . I service jJimld lie 3 U , 000 instead of 40 , 000 , as proposed . After a brief discussion Mr . Hume said he thould not press his amendment . Lengthy speeches were tlicu delivered by Lord Palmersioa , Sir E . Pec ] , and Lord Jehu Kusscll , after which the vote was agreed to .
The Chairman was then directed to report progress , and the Jjouseresuined The gustoms ( Import Duties ) Sill and Uie Public Museums Bill were then r « ad a second time . The otherorders of the day were theuread ; after which ihe house aujourutu . . . .... - •' - " ¦ " - ' ¦ TcssnAT , Atkil 1 . , Mr . 3 t S . Dcjccomee i « res «; n : e-Jl a petition , signed by itetwecnSODO andSOOO calico and cotton printers in Derbyshire , Cheshire , Lancashire , and Yorkshire , complaining -of the amount of labour imposed on children in calico snd cotton factories .
Dr . BovbijiC brought forward lii ? m -lion for a select committee to inquire into tlie stit < : tlie colonial accounts , and t ! : e means of improving th- m He rested Ills motion on the fact , that we possessed forty-one colonies , containing a-p » l « utition of 5 , 000 , 09 s - —^ th-t the imports from those colonies into the Ihiiud Kingdom amounted to jE 10 , 00 « , O 00 " ori £ Uj < MW , < W 0 sterling—th-- « t the exports ± rom the United Kingdom into those colonies amounted to nearly £ 17 , 000 , « K ) , of winch nearly one- ' j alf was of BritLsli pfoduce and . of British mauufcetures—that those colonies employed 3 , 000 Tesscls and 900 , O 0 i » tons—that no accounts-fromthem were ever laid befoie tlie house , but only abstracts of them—that those accounts were kept in a tctj irregular way—and that tlie same system of keeping them , did not prevail in any two colonies . He contended that we ought to have a colonial budget annually , and that ive ought to watch over the receipts and exjicn-• ditHre of the colonial Government with the same vigilance -nliich we employed ui examining the receipts and expenditure of the Administration at home .
After some observations from Mr . Hope and Mr . Hume ihe motion was agreed to .
" - Tosx-orrici : ££ fioxagt . Kr . SHEU *—I have risen ia order to-more the resolution of wliieli I gsive notice before the Ea--ter recess . I * ubmititin ' -the fullomng terms : — "IJcolved , that this lieu Villas 1-allied wslh regrc-t fct , « 5 th a view to the prevention ' of a ^ uditicnl uiovtimnt in Itsiy , and more . especially iu the r « i « il States , the letters of a foreigner , which bad no relation to the maintenance of the iutvrnal tranquliity of the muted kingdom , should have been opened nnder a warrantfbearnig fliitethelstof'Marth , rfadcan-<^ lled on theSrcTbf Jn :: e , 18 i 4 . * and ' that' the ' iufonnation obtained by such'means should have been communicated to a foreign jjKiwer . " 1 Let me tit permitted in the first instance to correct a misconception . It is not my purpose -to nutlce the fatalities which happened in Calabria the jrrouuds of imputation . I believe efery word whiclLbas
b :-cn stated bt Lord AWrdein . In thus eounrrj- —this "veracious country , in which the spirit of truth is pre--cminent , iF a Minister of the Crown , no matter to what party lieniay ;< j > j « ti tail :, rises ia his place in either house « f Parliament , and cither with respect to whnt he has done , or what he has not done , makes a Solemn asseveration , irith an instinctive prompsi Tide he is instantaneously believed . L * ird Ab-jrJetn has cleared himself nith rtjpS 3 "i «~ Jmy-i » erndy practiced towards the liandieras , Imttite 1 ' ost-office intosrention « ith regard to the niovement in the ecelesiastCl territories has with the Calairian « at « strophc litfle to do . ( i : car . ) Icanuothelp tuinkinjtliitmore plausdMlities maj- heiileadod for Oie opening of the letters of a member of Path ^ nivut than for-bre . -iTdngthe seals of letters ivritten to a foreigner , who hrf& ~ t »«> EnglishToirfedrrates , who bad raised no luoncy in England , who had nut made any shipment of arms , who liad not enrolled any auxiliary lesion , ami whose letters
related to transactions with which the internal tranquil lity of England is wholly unconnected . The Buncombe is not as strong as the Mnzzini case . What is the case of Joseph Mstzzini f He is an exile in a cause once deemed to be a most noble one . In 1814 England called on Italy to rite . The English Government ( it then suHed . theirpuipose ) invoked the Venetian , and the Genoese , apJ tlie Tuscan , and tfce Uonmn , and the CaUIman to cpmbhie for the liberation of their country . TroclamatiDns ; ( I have -one of them before me ) were issued , in jvhich sentiments were expressed for which Mazziniis on exile , and . for which the Br . lidieras died . Botta , the Italian historian , tells us that Lord William Bentinck and Sir Robert Wilson ,- acting by authority of the Englislt Government , caused a banner to be unfurled , « a which was inscribed " The" Inuependence of Italy , " and two hands were represented clasped together , af > a 3 Emil ) nl nf the union in lrliicli all Italians M'er « lftriteil hi *
theEngUshMfioverniiitnt to combine . How badly hava we acted ~ t < jirar < Js-Italy : Wfien * - « ur-purpoKhad been : scrvea , « ftAr having ^ aduiiiiistered these provocativee ^ - afterliavrigwlrnggyd Italy with J > r 6 roeatiyes ; -wA turned . suddenly round —« c Enrreadtnrd' Italy to a domination ¦ worse flian that " of -Xapoleou , " and"transfcnifd ' to Austria the iron crown . But tlie spirit of nationality did not expire ; it remained , and a long time , dormant , but it was not dead . After the revolution in France of 1830 , and the revolution in England in 1331 , ft reform of abuses—* if proved abuses—was demanded- in the ecclesiastical states . It was . denied , and an insurrection wae tlie conjsequence . * It was suppressed , and ICiuczini , who was . engaged in * it , was compdled to fly from Italy , bearing the love ] of . Italy , the malady , of exile , in his heart . Louis J 5 ! tnc' in his history of the ten years , gives nn account of the incidents which took place m the struggle " bttvreea the Papal Go » enuuent and it ? subject * , to which I' mil not minutely refer , because he may not be rrgarVled as an impartial writer ; but in the appendix to the third volume of his work a document is to be
found of a lhost remarkable kind . Lord Falmeraton had -directed Sir Hamilton Seymour , who belonged to the legation at Florence , to proceed to Home with a rieir , in concert with th « representatives of the four great powers , to induce the Papal Government to adopt such reforms as -would prevent * uy popuhr outbreak , from which conse" ^ quences prr ^ tdicial to the peace of Italy might be appreliendau . Mr . fSieil here read a letter which Sir Hamilton -Seymour had joitteu whilst at JJoine to the foreign am-^ feaswdurs in that capital , on receiving orders from the Inglisli Ministry to return to Lis post . Iu that lettcr . our Minister complahied that though- * reform of abuses had * een deckrea netestMrT in the administration of the
Boman ^ tatts , nothing hud been done by the Papal Government to ease the discontent of its subject * ; and « tated that the English Covernmtnt anficipated more serious * roubUs , if the same court « of proceeding were furflier ? Mntuwed . ThehoSLgenaeinan co ' ntihu . d : Theantici-J ™* 5 SirHamUton Seymour had since been fulfined-^« S ? r Ms aespairins Of * tet « i that inteTu ° L ?*? ncaM S *^ Pted . It was our Coveriuncn * w ** IllOt llad betn S » * ° •* - ^« . ; ^ Z * "S ? i « £ .
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tion haring been conrejed to the English Governmeat , a riugulnr circumstance occurred . Had the warrant for opvning Mr . ll . uzim ' s letters been issued as a mere matter of form , he would not have adverted further to it But the Earl of Aberdeen had stated that he had not issued the warrant himsutf , and further , that the warrant had not been issued at his desire . That was a remarkable circumstance , as the matter To which it referred fell within the exclusive province of the Secretary for Foreign Affairs . Tlie . question then rose , at whose desire ' was it issued ? Though the dominions in which the I'ope exercised temporal authority fell to a certain djgree under the superintendence of the noble earl , it was notorious tliat a certain country in which the Pope exercised a spiritual authority was under the superintendence of auother Secrctarv of State . He had therefore " a
prurient desire" to know at whose request this warrant w : ib issued ; and fortunately the report of the co » mittee stated that it was issued by * the Home Secretary . It was said that there was a finding in tlie report of that committee favourable to the Government ; and that finding was , that though Jlazzini ' s letters had been opened in consequence of intelligence furnished from " a high but nameless quar . tcr , the information deduced from them , when communicated to a foreign power , implicated no individual within the reach of that foreign pouer . > * ow , lie did not consider that muling very satisfactory , for the information might have been communicated to another foreign power by that to which it was originally sent , and hence much in ; scliief might have arisen . He wished t (> know whether the details of that information were ever given to the Tope or to anv other Italian potentate . Ithad bteu stated that
time and place had been ' given in that information , ma not the lianas of any individuate . V 5 u tne 5 «» 3 o » ne !''» if they put i ; n Italian bloodhound Iu this manner oh the track , he would not soon be able to hunt his \ ictinrto the death f Whafthe Government commuHicated ( said the hon . gentleman ) I do not know : I can scarcely conjecture ; but I know that in the Austrian papers , and in the papers uvuler the control of ttie A \ B \ vian Ooverhment , there is ft most remarkable specification of circumstances in April , the warrant having been issued on the 1 st March . Now mark these words : —In' the -Vttan Gazette of the 20 tli April , and a few dnys before iu the Stcallm Memiry , it is said , " The promises of tlie ^ Eiiglish Guvcrnmcnt arc extremely satisfactory concerning the agitation prevailing , especially in the territories of the Pope . The English Covernmeiit state that the Italian exiles' hospitality would be
confined to mere limits of duty ; that Xazziui would cease to be a person unknown to the London police . " ( Hear . ) Hut there is another fact . Lord Aberdeen declared , in lauguagc as emphatic and solemn as ever was uttered bv tlie lips of man , that , as lie hoped for mercy , he was innoc ; -nt of the blood that Lad been shediinCalabria . " On tiisGth May these men were ' put to death . ; On the 15 ili Jutie tliere TTiis ' a turtlter execution . " You are innocent of the blood' shod in Calabriit , With the blood slicd iu CiUabria I trust In God the hands of no British Minister is stained . In the course of this dUcussioii it has been said tliat tlie Government have only done what their predecessors had done . The First Lord of the Treasury dis . fnctly stated that he had only ( lone what had been done by his preik-evsswrs . Sir , I deny it . That is my statement . I deny that information was ever communicated
to a foreign power . 1 vepeat it . I deny that information wns ever communicated to a foreign power obtained by the opening of letters at the Post-office . Tou have , therefore , in this particular , such as it is , the merit of having strained an Act of I ' arliHmeut passed in the reign of Anne , and founded , as thecommittce state , upouan Act of Parliament passed in the time of the Commonwealth . Could you not Hud , in the history of the commonwealth , something better worthy of your imitation ? At the time of the commonwealth your republican predecessors did interpose in the aftairs of Italy , and at the hazard of creating a European war , they made Snrdiuia quail , and they rescued a portion of her subjects from the merciless persecution of which they were the objects . If all England was animated by the feeling to which the greatest orator in jour language has given an immortal
expression , iu phrases too familiar for citation ; if your democratic forefathers were fiv < yl by the kavless passion for religious freedom , is it fitting tliat their descendants should not only beiuscnsible to the cause of civil liberty but that they should become the auxiliaries of despotism , — that th ? y should lend an aid so sinister to crusli fh ' e riien who have aspired to be as you '" are , and that by an instrumentality so deplbrable . 'tliey should do their utmost to aid in the oppression of a country in whose freedom those who are in the enjoyment of - " true liberty can never be unconcerned ? You think , perhaps , that I have" in n moment of excitcnietitinto which 1 have permitted myself to be betrayed forgotten the facts of my case . I havenot . I go back to the Post-office and to tlie Home Department . And I aik what is the palliation for this proceeding * I will give it from the answer given by the
Prime Minister to a question put by the member for Pontefract . Your exteuuation is this—not that the inhabitants of Komagua have not monstrous grievances to complain of—no such Ihing ; but this—if there be an outbreak iu . Itomagna , the Austrian army will march into the Papal states—if the Austrian army march into the Papal states the French will send troops to Ancona—if the French send troops to Ancona there may be a collision—if there be a collision there may be a war between Austria and France—if there tea war between Austria » 40 France there may bo a general continental war—if there be a continental war England may be involved in it , aud therefore , but not at the desire ' of Lord Aberdeen , you opened MazzinrV letters , and acted on the most approved principles of continental espionage . The word is strong—is it inappropriate ?
If you had employed a spy in the house of Mazxini , and had every word uttered in his convivial hours ' , at his table . ) or even at his bcd-fitle , reported to you , that would be espionage . Between that case of hypothetical debasement anil what has actually befallen , the . best casuist in an Italian university could never distinguish . ( Loud cheers . ) Are we , in order to avoid the hazards of war , to do that which , is in the lsst degree discreditable f Tou would not , in order to avoid the certainty of war , submit to dishonour . When an Englishman . was wronged in n remote island in the Pacific , you announced that the insult should be repaired , or else—; and if you were prepared in that instance to incur the certainty of war , and to rush into an encounter , the shock of which would have shakrn the world , should you , to avoid the hazards of war , founded # n a series of supposition ; , perpetrate an act of
£ elf-degradati < m % _ ( Loud cheers . ) , There are incidents to this wise which afford a warrant for that strong expression . If VOU had sent for ILJzziul—if you had told him thatyon knew what he was about—if you had informed him that you were reading his letters—the offence would not have j been " so grievous ; but his letters were closed again 1 —v ^ tli . anignominious ilextcrity they were refolded , and they were re-sealed , and it is not exaggeration to s : iy that the honour of this country was tarnished by crery drop of tliat uioltenwax with ¦ which an untruth was impressed upon them . ( Loud cheers . ) Is there any clause in the statutes of Anne , and of Wilii ; un , and of Victoria by which this fraud is warranted % There have been questions raised as to whether a separate warrant is rctjuisitc for every seivavate letter . But there is no proviso in the Act legalising this sleight
of hand , this worse than thimble-rig proceeding . I have not entertd , and will not enter , into any legal disquisitumo ; it is to the policy , the dignity , the truthfulness of this transaction that my resolution , is directed . It will no doubt be said that the committee—men of great worth and high integrity , ami singular discriminationhave reported in favour of the Government . I admit their worth , their integrity , and their discrimination , but I deny that they have reported in your favour . They avoid , cautiously avoid , finding a justification , giving an up . pro val of your conduct . They say that they see no reason to doubt the goodness of your motives . Your motives ' . There is an aphorism touching good intentions to which
it w « rc a deviation from good breeding too distinctly to refer ; but . it is not for your good intentions that you were made a Minister by the Queen , or that you-are retained as a Minister by the House of Commons . The question is riot whether your intentions are good or bad , but whether you have acted as became the great position of au English Minister , mimed by an English Sovereign , aud administering » great trust for . the high-minded English people .- I think that jon have not ; and it'is because I think so , that I propose a resolution in which I have set down facts beyond doubt And beyond dispute , mill with facts beyond doubt and dispute I have associated an expression of sorrow iu which I trust this house will participate . ( Loud cheers . )
Sir J . Cs / hax said , that in addressing himself to a matter which Had been" brought before . the house not for u-firrt ncra . second nor-a sixth tinie ^ he should not aspire to '^ ariy rivalry ; -with the splendid declamation of . -Mr . Sh « SL Mr . SheU haa . st « ted" that this transaction was enveloped in " -mystery . TJiat " mystery should be removed by the statement which hewa 6 then tibuut to make . In the month of October , 1843 , he happened to be the only Secretary of State at that time in London . Ae such , he was bound to perform the duties of his absent colleagues and to receive all communications made to this Government by foreign powers . In the'September of that year serious disturbances had broken forth Ht Bologna , which , According to the representatioas of Lord Holland , our Minister in that country , were not of an insulated , but of a general- character , pervading all the
Italian- ttates . Towards the close of October liaron Xfcumann , the Austrian Minister , had waited upon him in London , had represented to him that the commotion *; at Bologna were of a threatening aspect , and had com . plained of the inflammatory pamphlets on the stnte of Italy which were daily issuing from the press at Malta . The Baron had desired him to * suppress those publications - , but , as the liberty of the press was established in Malta , he told the Baron that the law of England prevented him from acceding to bis request . The Baron replied , that these innammetory pamphlets did not promd merely from Malta and the other British colonkt in the "Mediterranean , but that they were concocted in London , and were written in London , by one individual , whom he then specified to be Mr . Mazzini , and of whom ,
till that moment , lie ( Sir J . Graham ) had no knowledge whatever . His communication - with Earon Nievmianu terminated with that conversation , as his colleagues returned to / London , and , of coures , resumed the management of their respective departnients ., Till the ensuing January ne heard nothing niore on the subject of Maznni . 1 b thatfmouth a communication took place between Lord AVenjieen and himself respecting the progress of the re-Voijiffonary spirit in Italy . It was then admitted that the representations of Baron Nieumauu were perfectly correct , and that it was from London that all the orders proceeded which were likely to disturb the peace of Europe . At the end of February communications reached . iiiui and his Colleagues that Jlazzini was in London , and that ht was carrying ou a very extensive CitfTespwidiriice with
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foreign refugees . It therefore became his duty to obtain some knowledge of the proceedings of that individual ; and , though it was not his intention to press hardly on au individual who was not present to defend himself , truth compelled him to stnte some facts as to the past character and conduct of Mr . Mazzini . He then read a despatch of Sir Hamilton Seymour to Lord Pahncrstoh , in 1 S 3-5 , calling the attention of the Government of Earl Gr « v to the conduct end proceedings of Mttzzini . in 1831 Italy was convulsed , and an insurrection was attempted , but utterly failed . The leaders of it tied into France and were allowed to reside at Marseilles . There they founded
the Society of Young Italy , over which Mazzini presided . Sir Hamilton Seymour ctiiupiaiued of the formation of that society , and declared it to be the source of great disturbances in Italy . His next information as to Mar / ini w : is not so precise , and was founded on an article inserted in the Monheur of the 7 th of June , 1833 . lie then read an article , in which it was stated that a threefold assassination had alarmed the town of Rodcz , and that an- Italian refugee had fallen by the hafifls of his countrymen . It was stated in the same article that a sentence of death against four individuals had been discovered , and ' that tliat sentence of death was signed by Mazzini , as President . Orders were sent to the authorities to examine
into tnc authenticity of tliat document . Mazzini threatened to prosecute the iUbniieur for this uefumaiion of his character ; but lie never instituted the prosecution which he threatened . Soon after this transaction the Trench Government ordered Mazzini to quit Marseilles , and Mazzini took i \\> his abode at Geneva , and commenced a series of intrigues to disturb the peace of Savoy . To fchow the character of the man . Sir J . Graham r . ead a despatch from Mr . Morier , our Minister in Switzerland , dated January / lS 3 i , giving an account of the entrance of an armed baud of insurgents into Savoy , under the command of General Ilomarino , stating that tiie expedition had been prepared under tlie direction of Mazzini—who appeared , since the murder at Rodez , to have been residing at Geneva—unil ascribing tlie failure of it to tlie impatience of that individual . Mr . Morier likewise stated ,
that after Uic return to Geneva , the insurgents attempted another expedition into Savoy , and thereby violated tlie solemn pledges which they had given to the Governor of Genera , not to create any further disturbances iti tliat country . He did not think it necessary to follow Xazvsini from place to place from the year 1834 to tlib present time . The data of the warrant issued by him for the opening of his letters was the 1 st of March , 1844 , nnd hu received a despatch , dated that same day , from Sir Hamilton Seymour , now our Minister at Brussels , stating that the Belgian Government had ' refused , one vf tliu Bonapartes permission to reside in Brussels , because the French Government had connected him with tlie dieturbances . in tlie Papal States . " We understand , " added Sir Hamilton , "tliat Mtirzini , tl » e " liead of these disturbanccR , is in England ; 1 think , that he and his associates are dangerous adventurers , whose " proceedings should lie closcly'Svatched . " His noble friend tlie Earl of Aberdeen had stated , that the warrant to open Jtazzini's letters iiad not teen issued at his desire . He ( Sir J . Graham )
confirmed that statement . The information which lie received from time to time convinced him that London , under Mazzini , was made the centre of a great movement in Italy , which was likely to endanger tlie peace of Euroiie ; therefore it was that he did not shrink from issuing his warrant to open Mazzini ' s correspondence . If any fault were thus committed , it was his fault , and his alo : > e . He gave the house his most solemn assurance that that warrant was not issued by him at tiie instance of any one , much less at the instiir . ee of any foreign Minister , but that it was Issued in defence of British interests , aud of . British interests alone . Having issued the warrant he was then merely im ; i ; sreri ; : ! . He forwarded to the Earl of Aberdeen a copy of every letter that was opened , and his lordship made . such use of the copy as he deemed consistent with his public duty . Advening to MiV Shell ' s question , whether any communication of Mazziui ' s letters Uud . Iweu made to any other Government than that of Austria , he gave a solemn reply to it in tlie negative , and then proceeded to notice another of Mr . Slieii ' s observations—that
tlie honour of 'England was tarnished by intercepting his letters and forwarding them to him reseated . He showed that the form of these warrants had remained unchanged for many years , and that , ever since they had been issued , the letters were not stopped , but were for warded to their address , after copies of them " were taken in the Postoffice . In confirmation of his assertions on this point , he read the warrants Issued by the ' Duke of Newcastle in 1744 , by Mr . Foxin j l 782 , and by the Marquis of Carmarthen in the same year . He then contended . that in the absence of any powqr to refuse admUsion to foreigners , or to remove them in the c ? se they abused tlie hospitality of this country , he had not betrayed , but promoted thu public interests , by opening the letters of Mazzini . He was sensitive at all times of the favour and the censure of the house . To rectpve the censure of the house , even in tl \ G modified forin n 6 W proposed , woulJ be one of tlie most painful events in his'lifc ; but considering the knowledge which his political opponents had of . the forms of office , he would rather be flui victim of lUtlick in this CftSC tll' . Ul
the assailant . Mr . T . Duscombe said , as he had presented-on tiro different occasions petitions from Mr . Mazzini , he should rise with great anxiety to address the house , were lie not prepared to state , in bis place , that a more undeserved calumny was never asserted as to the character , of- . any gentleman than th * t which the right lion , baronet had thought fit himself > u that occasion to cast on the diameter of 3 fr . Mazzini . He must say , that a time wlmu tlie conduct and chnrac ter of thu Government were'Under investigation was not / a fit . opportunity for them to blacken the character of others * . Yet the right hon . gentleman had not scrupled to givccurraiey to a foul calumny on Mr . Mazzini in the absence of that gentleman . It appeared to him ( Mr . Duncombe ) that every time they stirred this moct painful subject the darker , deeper , and more
disgraceful were these transactions , and the worse the Goreriur . enc came oat of them , When the committee , was first moved for , the right hon . gentleman , promised tlmt as far as he was concerned tlie house should know ihe whole truth , and nothiug but the truth . Yet they had heard much move on this occasion , and he whs of opinion that they should still get out a little more . What had occurred ou that occasion showed that there must be further inquiry , and tliat the public would not be satisfied if the report of the committee was to be considered the close of the affair . His ( Mr . Duncombe ' s ) ' last motion was that the subject , and the report of the select , committee , should : be referred to an vpciiconi ' miltee . ' f He then called the report of thecom > mittee aii unsatisfactory -and evasive report , and every step tlievhad since taken had proved it . Why did he
ask'for that inquiry ? Why , because Mr . Mazzini said ill his petition that gross calumnies had-been stated against him in tlie committee , and that he wished to sot at rest those vile calumnies which had been set on foot , more particularly by u member of the other house . If those calumnies were uttered before the committee , then it was their duty to have Mr . Mazzini before them , stful not to let liis character be aspersed without giving him the opportunity of replying . They ought to have done this , because tlioy had before them his petition , iu which he denied the truth of these calumnious statements . The right hon . gentleniau had quoted from the UonUeur ; if instead of doing so lie had condescended to read the JTwliiimslfr lkckw , he would have seen a rery different version of the story he told . Had the right hon . gentleman read the article in the Weslmhirier Jlev ' uw on the
subject of Mr . Mazziui % In that article the following passage was to be found : — " What imputation will the reader suppose was circulated in high quarters as to Mr . Mav . iini , and brought privately to the ears of the committee , to make it appear that extraordinary precautions were required ? Why , no less than that of having instigated the murder of two of his countrymen in 1832 . Yet the committee did not allow cither llr . Mazzini or his friends to come forward and meet that charge . " The article went on to say that n document , in tlie nature Of a proclamation , appeared in the non-official portion of'the ifomteur , upon which this charge was founded . " Now , tlie right hon . baronet had quoted that document as if it had been true arid authentic . / Yet what was the fact ? . ' ¦ " Wtiy , that the document was a forgery . Yet on this document the right hon . ; baronet had founded his charge . Even the numerous grammatical errors in that supposed proclamation proved that it could not have been the production of
an educated Italian , much less of a . man of high literary reputation like Mr . Mazzini . That gentleman , . ' ^ ou tlie document being copied in the ChtzctU Ha 'iVt&Miwiw , denounced it ' as a forgery . What was the tiict as ' to the inurder of the two men t - . Why , it was proved on the trial that they weretnurderediby . the accused-personan broad day , and entirely on his ownanipulso and without instigation . Every one n- « s-satisfied tJwt nQ-eucli ¦ secret > trii butial existed ..: .. In . fact , , lbe . document , uow-. beough ' t : for-> v : ird agniust Mr . Mazzini was not produced at the trial . ( Hear , hear . ) The jury returned a verdict of homicide sam premeditation , aud tlie accomplice of Mr . Mtuzini , who was exhibited to the world as an instigator of assassination , was on the pension list ; of France . The story was revived by the ex-1 ' rtfeet ofiTolice . " The right hon , baronet said Mr . Mszzini had threatened a' prosecution , but no actipn was ever brought . Now , the right hon . baronet thould take care to be well informed befor * he ventured upon such a statement . : Mr . Mazzuni did bring an action , in 18 * 1 , for the publication of this libellous do-¦
cument . Sir J . Gkahak said the action was not brought against the iloniteur . : Mr . T . Dbhcombe did not know what difference that could make ; it was a mere quibble . ( ll « ar , hear . ) The right hon . baronet ' s words were , that no prosecution was ever instituted . ( Htur , hear . ) In point of fact , an action was instituted . It wag tried before Le Tribunal Correctionnelle de Paris in 1 S 41 ; and what was the defence cat up on the occasion ? The defendant met the charge by asserting that there was more than one Mr . Mazzini in the world , and that Mr . Muzziui , the prosecutor ! being a man , as nil admitted , of the highest possible integr ity , no one could suppose that he was the Mr . Mazzini referred to
in the paragraph quoted from the JfonUeur , ( Hear , « nd laughter . ) ; Now , lie wanted to know what pretence there was for opening Ifr .- ^ fiuaiiii ' s letters , when the very man who Had cop ' « d the -statement from the iftmitiur Ea ' Htthat he was ti man of -so . inneh integrity that the accusation coulanotbeWendedforliim ? - ( -Kwuyiiear . ) -A- * otally new defence of the course-which had been pursued had been mnue bjr the rig ht hon . baronet that evening ; it was altogether o new sptcies ' of defence . ( Hear , hear . ) Neither .: Lord Aberdeen , till he thus made the right hon . baronet ( Sir J . _ Gr » diani ) Mr organ , nor the right hon . baroiiet himself on any former occasion , had ever stated cliat they had never men any letter from Corfu . As it was now stated ihat no letter or copy of a letter hud ever been received from Corfu at the ir ' on-igii-oince , it bet-wine neces-
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sary to have some further inquiry upon the subject . He ( Mr . T . Duncombe ) would prove that the . Government had opened letters from Corfu . ( Hear , hear . ) If the Government would give him the opportunity he would briiis this home , to them . Would they shrink from that ? ( Hear , hear . ) He hud got letters of Mr . Mimini's which they had opened . He did not know whether the man who copied thoso letters , who forged the seal , who went through this dirty work , acted iu this respuut by authority 6 v not ; but he had extracts of letters dated , not Corfu , indeed , but Autun . ( An observation was here made by Sir J . Graham , which was inaudible in tlie "allery . ) Why , this was like the quibble about the jr < m « V « r . ( Hear , hear . ) hi his opinion it . came to very much the same thing , whichever might be the place whence the letters were written . ( Hear , hear . ) He still
believed that the unfol'hm . 'itc men put to death in Calabria were murdered by the trs-aeltery of the British Government . ( Hear . ) They were told , indeed , that there were no troopsto put them down ; that the peasantry alone rose with a spirit of - indigimtiou agaiust persons who thus invaded their peaceful valleys . ' Was that so ? The regular troops were employed against them . ( Hear , hear . ) There was a portion of the llih Chasseurs who met with , and were engaged with these persons . To prevetliat . it was uot the peasantry alone who took these unfortunate individuals prisoners , he need only stiitc that the King of Naples , iu his official gazette , thanked 170 persons , who were chiefly military men , for the services which they had performed , besides thanking and conferring an order upon the Neapolitan Consul at Corfu for the services which lie had rendered in thislnmentable transaction ,
thus bringing tins . question of our foreign relations before the house . ( Hear , hear . ) It . was a subject which they too much lost eight of . It was said , that if . there should be an insurrection in the Papal States , Austria would immediately send there 70 , 000 men ; and immediately our own Government commenced opening the letters of foreign exiles residing in this country to prevent such a result . He should like to know on what principle they interfered witli the domestic concerns aud internal commotions of foreign countries ! ( Hear , hear . ) That was a subject well worthyof the consideration of the house . It certainly w'as the policy of the Holy Alliance to claim the right of interference iu such matters ; but Biigiauci had always repudiated and resisted such , a claim . ( Hear , hear . ) On hearing thai Austria threatened to march 70 , 000 men into tlie l ' apal States , they gave , according to their own udnrigtion , information to u i ' oreigu Government . The subject wns one , he repeated , which desorved attention .
He wanted to knon- what hope there was of thti redemption of the Italian ponulution ifsueli a course .. were puiwd . The petty states of Italy were u . disgrace to civilized Europe j but there " could " be no redemption for them , libw « vev' badly they might be governed , if ,. whenever Itiilir . n subjects showed a ., spirit more oi' ^ Ims . insurm ' tionai'y , Aush'k could , by threatening to . scn « l "O . OOtt men , £ « cur * "tlu ? assistance of jKiiglaudiii its favour . Wxb the Government to be the police of evevy despot in Eurojm Their whole conduct in reference to this matter had , in fiiCt , Hint character ; and the further they proceeded with these tl' : ms : < clions the more disgraceful must their conduct appear in the eyes of Europe . He thanked his ri ght hon . friend tor having introduced the motion : and as fur as tlio vote of a single ln&mbei 1 of th . it house eouhl avail to wipe away the stain which rested on the country in consequence of these transactions on the part of the Government , it should be cordially given in favour of the motion . ( Cheers . )
The house then divided , when there appeared for the motion : — Ayes SS Noes 52 Majority —14 On the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer , the house rorolved itself into a committee on the Excite Acts , and , The CuiscEiXOR of the Exchequer proposed a resolution for the repeal of the glass duties . —The resolution was agreed to . The CitAiiiMAx then reported progress , and the Louse adjourned . Wednesday , Aphil 2 . Mr . MacKinnon moved the second reading of the Smoke Prohibition Dill . - Jfr . IUwei considered the bill unnecessary , and , if necessary , impracticable . He therefore moved Unit it be read a second time tliis ( lav three mouths .
After ash » rt discussion Jfr . Hawes' agreed to withdraw his aniundnieut . The billwas then read a second time , and was ordered to be referred to n select committee . On Lord Ashley ' s moving the second reading of the Calico Printworks Bill , Sir Jasies Graham observed , that when the noble lord first introduced this bill , he had stated that he entertained great doubts as to its policy . His feelings then went with , the noble lord ' s proposal ; but his sense of public duty prevented him front giving to it his immediate acquiescence , nc l : ' ad madu since that time several inquiries into the subject .. and he would now briefly state the result of them . ' If by assenting to the second reading of tliis bill Government were to be considered as pledging itself to sill the details which the noble lord had introduced into it , it would lie his duty to resist its second reading ;
but though he could not assent to many ol its provisions , lie could'hot ,-. ou the other hand , deny ¦ on ¦ the part of the Government that some-regulations for " the labour of children employed in these factories wero necessary : He should , therefore , give his consent to the second reading of the bill , and in doing so would state'the provisions of it to which lie . objected , and-would , describe the provisions which lie thought preferable _ to them . The preamble of the bill limited the operation of it to calico print-works ; but the interpretation clause ixtended it to all works where bleachinjr , dyeing , iwd calendering were carried on . To that extension of the powcri of the bill he entertained great objections . The provision in the third clause , whieh limited the hows of labour iW children employed in calico-print-works to eight hours cverv dav , and to twelve hours on alternate days ,
was altogether inapplicable to the works in question . He had shown on a formtr . occasion that in these works labour was never continuous throughout the year ; that there were " pushes" in the . trade , which generally occurred in spring and in autumn , and that afterwards the ( Icmnnil relaxed , : ind a " sl .-ick" occurred . ; This clause , therefore , could not he carried into c-ftect without producing injury , not only , to the employer of labour , but also ' to the adults aiid to the ' children- employed . These were the prorisiong of the bill to which he objected . On tlie otUer luiud , hu assented to thi clause which prohibited the labour of children under eight years of age , and considered it wise and politic . He also assented to the prohibition of nifjht-woi'k , with reference to ' cluldren of . both sexes under thirteen ' years of age , and also with- rttoence to women . He thought it right , however , to have ii
definition of nijtht-work introduced into the bill ; and he would define night as the hours between nine o ' clock in the evening and five in Hie morning . He should propose that children between the ages ot' eight ami thirteen should be at libtirty to work at any time between five in the morning and nine at night . Some provision must be made for the education of these children ; and , as the period of intense demand for labour in these works was eight nionihs out of the twelve , during which it was expedient to allow them to work day by day during the hours he h . id mentioned , lie tliouglit that some regulation should be introduced into the bill to secure them education during the other yorti ° n of the . yeur . : He should thcreforeVopose that , for 100 days iu the year ,
the children between eijj lit mid thirteen years ufage employud in these factories should attend a school for three or four hours each day , and tliat they should be provided with certificates of their-attendance . If these propositions we ' re adopted , it would be important to rnnke this bill a substantive measure in itself , and to introduce into it nil the regulations affecting printworks . If Lord Ashley concurred in this view of the subject , he should be ) i : ip ]> y to co-operate ivithliis noble friend before the bill went into committee . After it was altered as he hud suggested , it could be circulated in its amended form , in order to obtain all ihe improvements-of-which-it was capable . With : this understanding , lie consented to the second reading . of the bill . ; , ; ; -, : ¦ : . ¦ .
Lord Ashley obsei'ved . 'that as Sir James Graham had communicated : to him yesterday the propositions which ho had just detailed , to the house , he was not taken by surprise on' the present occasion . He found -that , supposing those propositions were adopted by the house , he should stand in this position with respect to his bill , —he should lose the protection which ho wished to throw over thti '' - ' bleaching , dyeing ,. and . .. calendering .- works , ami the protection which / he wished' to give to children-under thirteen years ofvago ; ' for , ; thou ( fhi night-work ' was prohibited with reference to those cliiU ! rep ; . thcy , Juiglit still
be ^ worked-fitKsixtceiiJhqw' 8 cach diiy : ou the . otherbaud , 'lic obtaihed-protectioh'for itlicmuuring' the night , and he obtained a prohibition of night-work not only for them , but for women of all ages . That was the stiitc of things on which lie had to make his choice . On the one side he saw himself almost alone ; on the other'he saw the Government , supported by tfce great mass of the master manufacturers . The straggle was , tlierefore , Hopeless . Under sueti circumstances , he was prepared to say that though he reserved his own ' opinion , and the right of free action on ' tins question hereafter , he accepted with thank , fulness the offcr now made to him by her Majesty ' s GoTern
ment . . ' . ' * ' The bill was then read a second time , and wns ordered to be committed on Wednesday next . - Sir J . E astkope called attention to two petitions which he had presented in the early part of the evening from a man and a" widow woman who had been committed to hard labour in Leicester gaol under the following circumstances t—Warrants had been issued against ' each of them for arrears of poor rates , amounting altogether to hot more than five shillings . A benevolent individual paid the money to save them from prison ; ¦ - Subsequently they we re summoned for twenty ' 'Shillings costs in each case . They appeared to the summons , but were not allowed to go before the magistrates , the officers having ascertained that they hud brought no money Avith them . The result
wns that they were sent to Lcwester gaol for one month , with hard labour , and were lying there at this moment . On hearing of these facts , he had written to the magistrates , and he grieved to say that thtir repl y substantially admitted tho facts . He wished to as \ the right hon . baronet if he had « used inquiries to be u ade on the subj « ct , sni if the result was such as to induce him to recommend the release of the parties ! . , . . . ^ 8 ir : ¦ J . ' Griiuh said , that the statement of the h- ? n . baronet was . quite correct , that the circumstances he referred to had created a great sensation in Leicester . As soon as the foots came to his know edge , which way < m \ v two days afro , lie at once called upon the magistrates fur an explanation , and he felt honnd to say that the explanation lie had received was not satisfactory . The act w . is
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one , to '« iy the least of it , of great indiscretion . The magistrates should- at all events have seen the parties before committing whnt , he must say , was a gross violation df the libery of the subject , and a denial of justice . He had heard of the whole of the occurrences with regret . He could not justify the conduct of the magistrates . He was sorry that he had not heard of the cases sooner , for it appeared that their month ' s imprisonment would expire on tho 5 th instant An ovtlei should bo eont mslunlev for their release , hat unfortunately they had nearly completed their term of imprisonment . -: ¦ ' Mr . T . Duncombe considered the conduct of . these . magistrates to be grossly illegal and oppressive . What redress were these poor persons to have for this imprisonment and separation from their families t Hu hoped that Sir James Graham would go further than he yet had done , and would strike these magistrates out of the commission of the peace , which they had disgraced by their gvoss injustice , tyranny , and oppression .
Mr . Hume said that Sir J . Graham might intimate to tlie magistrates that they should make eomnensation to these poor people—they might give them 25 guineas each , and even that would not be more thun a sufficient compensation . Sir . J . Grmum could do no more than express his disapprobation . Tho magistrates were liable to be proceeded against if their conduct was wilfully illegal . The house then went into a committee of supply on the army estimates , A vote fixing at 100 , 011 men the number of troops to be maintained for the military service of the United Kingdom , exclusive of tlie troops employed in the East Indies , during the year ending 31 st of March , 1840 , was proposed and agreed to .
AXEXPMEKT OP THE SCOTTISH POOR I , A « 8 . The Loud-Advocate moved for louve to bring in a bill fov Ihe . anie » dnse » t and better administration of the laws relating to the relief of the poor in -Scotland ; He commenced his speech by giving .-. detailed account of the measures which had been adopted since the year 1838 , down to the present time , to obtain Information rejecting tiie condition of the poor in Scotland , and tlie law for administering relief to tlu-m during periods of destitution . He showed that the inquiries of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1838 , the vetuvns ovdavud from all tilt parishes of Scotland in 1842 , .-md the report of the Commissioners of the Poor Law . published in 1 SU , established beyond all dispute that there was a great deal of poverty and misery existing in Scotland , and that the
means of relief were insufficient both in the large towns nnd in the rural districts . He then proceeded to describe the state of tlie law in Scotland relative to the relief ot the poor , and to demonstrate tliat-the two statutes—one passed iri 157 C , and the « tber in the reign of William and ifarv— on which that law rested , made provision for the iniSnli Rrid debilitated poor onlj' , and not for the-ablebodied pauper whom want of employment or other causes might have plunged into distress . In explaining to the house the Scotch law of settlement , lie stated that in Scotland settlement arose from four causes only—namely , from birth , from parentage , from residence , and from marriage ; aud that , when once acquired , it could not be lost until another settlement was acquired in another parish . He explained
that the funds for the relief of tlie poor were obtained from contributions made every Sabbath at the door of every parish church in Scotland , froin voluntary contributions made at other times , from sums mortified tor the use of the poo :-, and from assessments on landward parishes , and on large towns , levied at stated times , and under various conditions . The law 0-id not prescribe that the relief given to the poor should be given in any particular form ; it only declared that it should be given for their needful sustentation . Tlie poor had a statutory right to relief in some parish . In every parish there was an administrative body armed with power to afford relief ; a « d if that body did not perform its duty in s . satisfactory manner , the com ts of law were armed with power sufficient to compel them . There existed , therefore , under
the present law a right to relief , funds to administer nlivf , obligation to provide relief , and power to enforce that obligation . He tlien pointed out tlie difference betn esn the English and Scotch system of Poor Law . The Sco ' . eh l ' oov Law limited relief to infirm « nd debilitated pirsons only , whilst the English extended it not only to them , but also to able-bodied paupers . Nothing , he said , would create greater alarm in Scotland than ' an-attempt to introduce into that country tlie English system of Poor Laws . He would not ' undertake ' to account for tlie rensons " of that alann , — it was sufficient for him to know that it existed . Ke'thcn proceeded to esnlain some of the delects of tlie Scotch system , and of the remedies which he proposed to apnlv to them . In Scotland no parish was bound to
relieve a pauper except that where he had a settlement . It might be very distant from the parish in which he was suffering under destitution , and if he went to it he might oh liis avi'ival find hie vight t 6 l'tllef resisted . B « i » p « s >» g that to be the ease , he had no mode of redress , 'except by an appeal to the supreme courts of Scotland . He ( the Lord Advocate ) proposed that in future the " pauper should be relieved from these difficulties , and that he should obtain relief in the first instance in the parish wht-re he happened to be when the necessity for relief fell upon him . He further proposed that the parish which sought to relieve itself from that burden should be liable to afford him relief until it had established the right of another pail-h to relieve him . By this arrangement the pauper would obtain relief immediately . ' He further proposed , that if
the parish in which the pauper was refused to relieve him , he should not have occasion to ' apjuy to the supreme courts , but that the ^ sheriff of the " county' in wliieli the parish was should have the power to decide ou the right of the pauper to be admitted * to relief . If the sheriff deeided in . favour of the pauper , and if the parish appealed against his decision , he proposed that in that case the parish should relieve him until an adjudication was made on the appeal . The pauper having ' thus obtained his admission on the roll'fur relief , ' the next thing was to provide for his obtaining relief adequate to his necessity . To secure this object he proposed that there should be in each parish a party to attend to the wants of the poor , who should keep a list of all applicants to him toi- relief , and a record of the manner in which tlie application was met ,
and relief administered . He also proposed that there should be a central authority , to whom all those lists and records should be sent . That would keep public attention alive to'the subject ; and that consideration brought him tothe : question , what was to be done 211 case the local authorities neglected'their duty ? It was quite evident that it was for the intcrt | t of oil parlies that the right of . appealing to the KUpreme' courts should ba placed under regulation and control . For that purpose he proposed to constitute a board of supervision , ' consisting of nine persons . ' Three of its members should be appointed by the Crbn-n , and one of theni should be paid for the performance of liis duties . The other » ix members should be tx ojUcio members of the board , lie proposed that one of them should be the Lord Provost of Edinburgh , another
tlie Lord 'Provost of Glasgow , and a third the Solieitor-Genersil for Scotland for tlie time being . The three other member ' s should be the ' sheriffs of three important counties in Scotland—namely , of Perth , of 1 loss , . '"id of Uenfrew ; and to eaoh of them he . would make a small annual allowance in addition to th « ir present salaries . Having a board of this mixed character , he would now state hpw he . would inaKe it useful hi controlling the right of appeal to tlie courts of session , . which he considered to be injurious at . present both to parishes and to paupers . If the parochial board should give to any pauper aliment which he deemed ihsutlicknt , the pauper should state it to the board of supervision . If the board of supey vision should concur with the p « ro « lrii \ l \ Vonril in eonsiuerinj ; it sufficient , then he proposed that that judgment Klionld be
held conclusive ; but if the board of supervision should think that injustice had been done the pauper , then he proposed that their opinion . should , be ' sufficient to enable him to plead <» formapauperis before tiie court of session , and the board of supervision should determine what ninOlillt of relief tlie pauper , should receive , and that amount he should bib entitled to receive until liis litigation with the parish was determined . " Considering the constitution of the board of supervision , in which there must always be ' some eminent lawyers , he thought it most probable that the parishes would generally acquiesce in its decisions ; but if they did not , lus ' left . tUi-in at liberty to litigate the matter in the ordinary courts of judication in Scotland , lie then procecdwl to uuscvibu the con . struction of the local boards , of relief , of which the mem .
bers are to be elected by the rate-payers . He prppqsed to extend the period which gave illegal settlement from three ycar » to svYvii years ; and in cases of removal , he provided that the parish alimenting tlie . pauper should , ' , when his' right " parish -was .. aficei'tained , give notice ot ' .. tlie ; factio that parish , : -md should- be at lilievtyj-i after , u given tiin « , -to send him to his proper parish at tlie co « fof > thatt « iri £ h . : Witlirresyeet to-nwvidiiig funds for the poor , he did not think it necessary to make it - compulsory ; on the local boards to assess the inliauitantB . If , the funds were sufficient , the parties mig'it raise them among themselves us they deemed most
fitting ; but if they were insufficient , . power should be given to raise them by assessment . He then proceeded to describe the powers which he gave to Ihe -different boards in order to provide education ' for , the children of the poor , medical relief for such of the poor as were sick and infirm ' and refuge in asylums for such of them as were lunatic and distract ., ; He also . gave power , to . the town * to wrect worWiousesandto assess the inhabitant s forthemonev necessary to erect them ; but he did notmake it compulsory upon the towns to erect such buMiujs . . He then entered into some minor details of his measuae , and coneluded by recapitulating the advantages which he expected to derive from passing it into law . . ¦ , .
* _ The bill was subscquenUy . bwmght in and read a first time , after which the house adjourned .
- Thurbdat , ApRii , i 3 . ; . , .. '¦ - ' NEW WRITToV ' GlEEilOCK . ' " "; '' : Mr . Hoke moved that the Speaker do issue his writ to the Clerk of the Crown to issue a new writ for a burgess to serve in Parliainent , in the room of Robert Wallace Esq . who since his election had accepted the office of Steward to the Chiltern Hundreds .
GRANT TO HUTNOpTli ; , ^ The Speaker said , that those members who had petitions against the idAifiwwiY grant to ^ Maynboth had better pveeent them at once . : ; At thie announcement almost « vtry jtien ' iber on the Ministerial side of the'house rose arid pointed towards the fcible with ft roll of petitions which He hOldSiThand . This simultaneous movement elicited roars « f hnightcr . There were upwards of 200 members on the ^ KniKterial benches nd of these certainly not twenty kept their seats oiUhc announcement of the Speaker . On thi opposition side « f the house , on which there were about 180 member * not more than twenty had petitions to present on tlie SlllljIiCt .
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Sir R . Peel rose and spol ; e as follows : —In the comae of this last session of Parliament I took the opportunity of publicly declaring , on the part of her Majesty ' s Government , that it was our intention , during tli « recess , to apply ourselves to tlie consideration of tlie state of acadi-vmcal education in Ireland . I accompanied that declaration with a distinct intimation that the circumstances and position of the Roman Catholic College ot" Mayuouth would undergo the ' consideration of the Government . 1 ' added that , undertaking the consideration of Die . Mate of ifiiynooth , it was our intention to undertake it in 3 frieiuUy spiiM , and I madu that public . declaration at fi-i * time in order- that due public notice might be -ivtm of the intentions of her Majesty ' s Coverii niuit . ° I w .. not unprepared for the demonstration of- onii-inn ii i l 1011
.,., ; ... i ... _ 1 „ _ 11 ;_ , . " * " 'n . which has been made this day . 1 coul ( 1 „„ ' ^ back to the discussions which have uiitm innCc « n this house with respect to Mavnootb , without fure ^ mg that a proposition upon the subject of Mavnoo-h " connected with its extension , was likvlr to encounter « . ' visit of great opposition . I could not disguise from , „ ' !! self that there were many entertaining strong reii .-fo . . opinions and conscientioussciiiples , ; tliesincerity of jvlij ' j " cannot be questioned , and which , on account of ih \ : f ' lneerStr , am entitled to respect—Sir , it hag appea ^ j to us that we were at liberty to pursue one of [ hose eon ^ .. with respect to the College of Mnynooth . We eonsiiltiwT first , that it was competent to us to continue , without alteration , the present system pursued iu that instituti on and the amount of the ; Parliamentary grant aniiuan ' made hithmo secondlythat it
; , was competent to ( ii s continue that giant , and repudiate Use institution ilti ' gather , nnd nil connexion with it , and , after provMin ' - f . r existing interests , publicly to notify Hint , h m-itti-i- 1 , connexion whatever should exist between tllt . Cover merit of this country awl Maynootli . B , it 1 Jlt . wi Ilot ~ that tins course we were not prepared to adopt i ' d third course open to us to pursue w !! S to cJi * lonvard 111 a friendl y fj . « it mx \ lfflT to im , ) r 0 Vft ° ; i ^ present Sy , tem of Roman Catholic i . unMth » - ( OP portion c lemj-and to cxtcrnl , to .-, liberal amount " Parliamentary protection . ( Cluers from the OjmoMtion i with the docta ,,, * of the Itoiiiau Catholic creed , but bv , more hbm , gIaut to lnipme tlle K , st ( . „„„ ^* £ tTi ° th 0 llC e or Ii ^ nd . Sirvith nJ
^ ::. ^ , , , to the first-thc continue , ™ lHmt .,,, „~ £ ] „„ ' Sn" 1 ° V 7 kiml 1 ' " « " »« «« « . e . SS s . tL , « . I . Icchm . , on bel « lf « f l , Br . Majesty ' * Government , S '" " , 0 UI > < M >»*» to conviction , that of all curses that could H pursued , that is fl « most ^ ecUona We . I , i giving the present : grant , we profess to i , u , ke provirfoa lor tht education Ot those wliunie to give spiritual inanition and religious eonsoUtiou t « many millions 01 tivop ' e ( Hear , Hear . ) We just give enough , ' by votin- mimri ; . 3 . 00 M .. to uilCOUMgo nnd IM . I . IVI . C all voluntary coMrilm tions . ( Hear , hear . ) You have assigned o . uuoi . ; , vc-ir for several years past , as a provision for this coii ^ . „ . respect to which establishment a vote had been ns ! iiuul y dto lie llied to
mae , cxpresdy : < .,, tii < : annual salavius often professors in that college . There arc three i ' ro fessors of Thc « Iogy . which you eudou-, : llld to wMch " your grant is applied , but that grant is > o limited i « ( imount , tliilt you sive not eiiitlK-. l t » nSSi S n wove to the professors than £ 120 a year . ( IIW , hear . ) ift seven out of teu Csikvs , the jvovi > ion made for Professors was less than the sum named . In the c ; ise Of tllO three l'l-ofl'SSOrS Of Theology , you expect to have the services of men of lcnrniii !; , of eminence , and integrity , for a salary of £ 120 u-year . ( Lomi erics of " Hear , hear , " from Jfr . Shiel . ) That institution , at the present moment ' , contains 440 students . I thud : iW
150 of these students belong to the class denominated pensioners—that is to say , parties who pay a certain sum for their uilmiVsion , nurt in addition provide for their own support . Ill addition there are i ! , " . l > free students whom the State professes to maintain . The average sum paid by the State for each Eiuilent is £ 2 : 1 per year . ( "Iltar , hear , " from tlie Opposition . ) For tlat sum of £ 23 the student has to provide his college dress , tho furuitui-e of his rooms , his commons , and , iu addition , out of the £ •;' , for each student , there arc to he provided for the repairs of the College , the expense of coals , and a variety of other incidental expenccs . ( lleaiyhear , from the Opiiositicm . ) Again , tlie building hits ; hc . appearance of a deserted barracks instead of a college , and is grossly deficient in accommodation of the most necessary character . The rk-hi
Thcrujhthoh . gentleman weut on to say , that the principle of the grant was no new innovation , but of fifty yenrs ' standing . ' In 17 U 3 an act was passed !> y an Irish * legislature , establishing a grant for the education of Kom . ui Catholic Priesthood . The Marquis of Camden , when liord liicutenaut , presided ut laying t ' . ie foundution of ilie College of Maynooth . Anothtr act was passed in LS'iu , about the time of tlie Union , confirmatory of the ;> riiifiple agreed to in 17 !» 5 ; and . again in 1 ) 508 the united lo « i > : - laturc confirmed thu previous acts of the Irish j >; ir ! :.-:-meut . The right hon . baronet here entered into a statement of the various sums of money granted to the Collrge of Maynooth under these acts at v ; si > ms times . The principle therefore , lie tu ' nl , of supporting : m instil ution for the education of the Irish prii-sthooil , had a precedent in its favour of more fJian fifcv vears' ( -tundiiiir .
Ihe jiriuciple being settled , tlie amount was a seeountivji consideration . If it was right at all to make u Igrant it ought to be such » one 1 as would make it efficient for the importan t purjioses of education . This was not ihe ni .-e lit lll'USUnt ! the Jirofcssors « ere i } l-ivmum-r ; ite (! tliu students , badly provided for , while the institution hud got into . a debt of - £ 4 , 600 , and the students were under lie necessity of talcing an extra vacation of two months , in order to relieve these embarrassments . It was to put iill end to tliis state of tliinff . s , and to plilCC the Onlj ' ' Golk-JTU wliieli tlieKoman Catholics of Ireland possessed for thu tducation of their spiritual teachers on a respectable auj eflicieut footing , that'he ' brought forward the prevent motion , Wliieli was , tllltt leave be given to bring- in a bill to grant £ 30 , 000 annually for ' the academical purpose * of the College of Jlaynooth . . ;¦ ¦ - .
Sir lioBKitT Hauky I . ngi . is rose to object to t !; e proposition of the ri ght hon . baronet . . Hu contimiM thst the act of tho 85 Geo . 3 rd , on whieh the right ho : i . baronet had founded tliat proposition , did not warrant him in the motion which lie had that ni ^ ht brought before thU llOUSC . IIow ran the 35 tJi of Gcc > . the 3 rd ? It rail thus : — " Whereas by law us new enforced , it is not lawful to endow any college or seminary for the education of Roman Catholic persons , it is therefore enacted , &cJ ' Did tllC llOUSe think it WHS . to demand ' ,: !!! annual grunt
from a Trotestant country < 5 to receive subscriptioiis to enable them to 1 stablish aud . endon-an academy : " Did this enipow 6 r them to ask support for their college at the expense of Uic nation ? " Most certainly " not . The intention of tho'Aet of Parliament of that time was never supposed to suppirt tlu principle that the Catholic I » riesthood should be binding on the country . The pledge given at tlu Union of apply : ! .-: , - £ S , 0 fl 0 to Jf .-iynooih for the period of twenty years had he n fully redeemed . He was , therefore , opposed to any further concession on the subject .
Captain BEKNAL OXpressCu himsc-lf favourable to the motion , but was opposed to tlie . vnoutit of the grunt going out of the pockets of the people of England . The Commissioners who acted under the Church Tempoialitk-s Act , had more money than they lcncw what til do with ,, and he tliouglit t ? ie GoieHnicnt should tiike the su-. n from that turn ! . Mr . GiiKGor . v could ' not reconcile himself ' to auy of the rguments he ha . l hcaid that ni ght in favour of th « grant , lie was opposed to . all measures that tended to encourage Komsiiiisui , ami of course to this . Mr . \ V * a . ri > designated the proposition as a wise and liberal one , and well worthy the support of Parliament . Mr . Law contended that the income would nuvanee Itomanism , mid degrade Protestantism , and of course he should oppose it . Mr . IJEiLBW . ' jat considerable length , supported the proposed irnint . ; ¦ .. - ¦• --. ¦¦
MivPuJMrTKE denounced -the Roman Catholic religion as nn idolatrous system , and a scheme of fvivuil and imposition , lrhich a . Protestant Government ought not ;«> gunnovt . I . . ;;;• . Lom > S . 1 NB 0 N briefly defended the GovevniHent proposition , j . ., . ¦' ... -.. ';' -. Lord John Russell thought it was the duty of the Government to increase the grain so us to afford : m efficient means for the instruction of the priesthood of Ireland . . The people of that country were honest and conscientious Jn . the support . of their religious faith , and hence Ij ; was to the . interest of the tniniru that tlieii spiritual teachers should be better educated
Col . SiiiTitoEPE . iua . speech which ' kept ' - the house in one . continued ' , burst of laughter , denounced the JB ' overnmentproposition as , dUgr « eetul to a , . Christian legislature . / Mr . Siieu , umidst cries of-divide , atljoiuu , iVd ; , rose to address-tlieHiouse .- He entered' into a loug amfoloquer . t vindicjttion of tlie Roman .. Catholics from the aspersions which hud been cast upon thi-m , and expressed himself strongly in favour of the proposed grant . : Jlr .-T . Dp . vcomiie opposed the motion from principle .. He was against all grants , of public money for the support of any , , particular religious " pavty . lie opposed it on the grounds of permanency , ' on account of the sources from - which : it was "derived / and the purpose -to which it was to he applied . Several other members haying briefly spoken , the house divided , when the - numbers « ppt « red . For them otiou . ... ... glC
A gainstit ... ... ] i 4 Majoiity forit # < # _ jyo , The house shortly afterwards adjourned at two o ' cloaic . Lkkds . —Chartist ' CiiuRcmrAnDKxs . —the Chartists < rt Leeds liayc carried the election of the following persons ns (• hurchwiiruens for the oiisiiing year : — Vr ; S Sandci-so ' n , cloth'dresser , Cliatham-street ; Mr . \\ ilham Scott , whitesmith , ' Seott-street , Woodi ?"? £ ' " , Clarkson , boot-maker , Central-market j Mr . Elijah Lord , mechanic , ¦ GnmtJmm-strci .-t ; Mr > lhomas Braitliwaite , Lion-street , Nwtown ; Mr . Joseph Saville , doth < h ' sser . Clmtham-street . ; Mr-George Pullan , commercial traveller , Butt ' s-conrt .
Mmptnai Pariiammt
Mmptnai pariiammt
Pr Inted By Dougalji'60 Wan, Of 17; Great-Wuntaua-, . Street, ^*Ymark«T, -Jn Ibe City Ofrw;E%Tmiwter,«Ttl*E
Pr inted by DOUGALJi' 60 WAN , of 17 ; Great-Wuntaua-, . street , ^* ymark « t , -jn ibe City ofrW ; e % tmiwter , « ttl * e
uacem the saine ^ street and r « nsli , for the . Proprietbr . TBAKGirS O'CONNOR , Es . i ., an . i pnb ! isli » ii ' hy WaiiAK Hewitt , of No . 18 , Charles ^ treet , Branilon street , Walwbrtii , in the Parish of St . Mary , Se ^ iib ' - ton , in the County of Surrey , at the Office , No . U Strand in ^ the Paris oi St . Mury-le-Strau i 1 City of 'Westminster 8 atuvday , April 5 , 1845 .
Untitled Article
1 * s t ;« ' #$% n fM t } i * 1 nt _ t ,.. „ t , ,,... ,,.. , / : ' ... ' . . . _ ¦ ; , , __ . . ^— - — ' - . - — - . ¦ " — - — ^ - THE ybuTH ^ RN STAR r , *~ r ~~~' .. ' .. ' '" " . ¦ ¦ ' ¦¦ ¦¦ . ...- Afril , ^ , 1845 . f % ¦ - - — .. '*' ¦ ' . _ . ' ^^ M | ^ » ^ ^—— ^ Jg ^^ ^ » .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 5, 1845, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1309/page/8/
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