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THE NORTHERN START SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1845.
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in tn Public Meeting at Manchester. — A publicmeeting of tlie inhabitants of Manchester, was held
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€0 leato & tottsjj0nijent&
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 ~ ~ r- - ^ . --- --- ^ CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT . Aram . 12 .-The Noiomors M * m Prwx .-ts ^ ts&sBfSsg -a- fnnP nth-r inaictments against the prisoner , dS ^ S ^ k SSa ^ M ^ SBg valuable pS ^ bymeansoffelse representations . * j » m Sureed with « " »* earnestnessthatlustealmigt hP ™ « Sined to the Mar Sessions , but the court -J— -:-, ™^ - ^ - -
wonfcfSt gnmt the request . » « P ««« JK * £ evidence , that the prisoner went to an hotel in jUbermarle-street and represented himself as Major Barris , the son of the Hon . T . C . Harris , and that he had just armed fiom India . He likewise sari that Ids luggage -was at the Golden Cross , Cnaringcross , -which he should send for . He afterwards drew a cheque for £ 10 10 s ., which the proprietor sent to the bankers ' , and on his representation the cash was given to the messenger . A young man proved that he received the order from the prisoner , to take it to the bankers ' . He did not see him sign it . Mr . Houlston , of 154 , Strand , the publisher of the Horticultural Magazine , stated that the prisoner
honoured liiin with a visit , when he represented that he was the son of the Hon . T . G . Harris , and that he had a brother in Somerset House , to whom he recommended him ( Mr . Houlston ) to send some numbers of the new publication , as hie brother was partial to horticulture . Witness produced a paper witten by the prisoner , in his presence , which bore a similar signature to that on the forged bill . Tie prisoner said that he was in liquor when he signed the document . Mr . Williams , the first -witness , was questioned as to that fact , and he said , that the prisoner was not tipsy , but fully conscious of ms acts . The jury , without hesitation , found hun Guilty , and the court sentenced the " major" to be sent on dutv at a penal settlement for ten years .
; FoBeEHr * Roebekt . —John Ashley and Wdhani Allen were indicted for feloniously uttering a forged order , with intent to defraud Messrs . Kennard and Co . of six stoves . In this case John Ashley induced William Allen to borrow a truck in his father ' s name , on tiie plea of having something to bring home , and also borrowed his coat and hat to go to Greenwich feir in . They both wens to the City together , and Ashley offered a boy ( Henry Cook ) fouypence if he wrald take an order , and the truck , ' and get six Stoves from Mr . Kennard , and appointed a place of meeting after he had obtained them . Ashley made
the boy put on his apron , that he might look like a shop-boy . Mr . Kennard ' s managing clerk had had similar forgeries attempted before , and placed three stoves in the truck , sending a clerk after it , who gave the prisoners into custody at the place of rendezvous . In the intermediate tone Ashley had Lad changed his cap for a hat , and his jacket for the coat he had borrowed . The jury acquitted William Allen , npon giving the above satisfactory explanation of his connection with Ashley , but found the latter Guilty . He was sentenced to seven years' transportation .
Apj uiH . —Chabgeof Child Sieujsg . —Margaret Doolan , a respectably-dressed married woman , aged twenty-eight , was indicted for feloniously and knowingly taking and carrying away by fraud one Joim Swan , a child eleven weeks old , with intent to defcaud thereof the parents of the said child . The second count charged the intent to be to steal the apparel wo-n by the said child . Caroline Swan , the mother , appeared with the beautiful infant in her arms , and deposed that on the day named in the indictment she had been walking with her infant , and cn"Ji « -way sne went Into the " spotted Bog , in Tottenham-coai-t-road , to get a glass of ale . The prisoner , who was a stranger , ¦ wasatthe bar , and entered into conversation with her , and fondled the child . She proposed to treat her with the share of a halfquanernbf rum . " She afterwards requested her to
go and deliver a message for her at a place where she did Kot like to go herself . The prisoner said she would wait there and take care of the baby while she was gone . When she came back , the prisoner and child were gone . Some time afterwards she met the prisoner in the street , and accused her of stealing her baby . The prisoner indignantly exclaimed , " You ¦ wretch , what doyoumean ? Ihaveno child of yours . " Witness was much Hurried , and the prisoner got sway . Subsequently she found , that the prisoner lived in Crown-street , St . Giles's , and witness went there with a policeman . She knocked at the door , which was opened by the prisoner , and when she urged ¦ fee restoration of licr child , the prisoner said , " Sou ¦ wretch ; what do you want ? I have no child ,- " and shut the door in her face . The policeman got in , and then the prisoner denied that she had any child but lerown . When witness-saw the babe she knew it
instantly , and the clothes worn by it on the day it "Was stolen were fcund in the room . Is certain as to the babe , and she made the clothes herself The witness was rigidly cross-examined by Mr . Payne , who churned the child as belonging to the prisoner . Mr . Payne addressed the jury , and observed that this was an extraordinary and difficult case , where two "women claimed the same child . The difficulty was , it-was hard to imagine why a woman in the humble station of the prisoner should claim a child not her own , and- he could not suppose that the prosecution waa grounded on fraud . It reminded , him of the case where two mothers appealed to King Solomon to arbitrate between them . His lordship could not in this court propose a similar
ordeal , but the case must be decided upon the evidence , as it might preponderate on the one side or the other . He should call witnesses who would swear that the child belonged to the prisoner . —The prosecutor stated , in supplementary evidence , that she has been a , widow three years , and that the child in question Is illegitimate . —Mr . Payne then called Margaret Birdseyo , who stated that she lives in Yorkstreet , Westminster , and is cousin to the prisoner ' s husband , whose name is Doolan . Saw the prisoner on the Sth of February , when she was in an advanced state of _ pregnancy . Saw her a fortnight after this , when she had a baby in her arms . Witness was present at the christening of the child , at St . Patrick ' s Chapel , on the yiii of JMareii" last . Witness and her
husband were sponsors . Could not state the exact age of the child . —By the Recorder : I know the prisoner ' s husband has been dead three years . ' I am sure I can ' t tell wLo is the father of the child . ( Loud JaEgliler . )—The jury , withouta moment ' s hesitation , declared the prisoner Guilty on both counts in the indictment . —Tie Recorder then pronounced judgment against , the prisoner . He said no one could entertain the slightest doubt of the propriety of the . verdict . The offence of the prisoner was aggravated by the heartless manner in which she had p lanned and executed her stratagem , and the colouring she gave to it , by the unblushing declaration that the infant was her
own . The court could not conceive a case of greater cruelty , and it would not be doing its duty to society if it did not inflict the fullest punishment awarded by Jaw . The sentence , therefore , was , that ahe be transported beyond the seas for the term of seven years . — The prisoner appeared deadly pale when she heard her doom , and faulteringly expressed a wish'that the father of the child might be sent for . —The Recorder intimated that the case had closed , ana his lordship ordered the clothes to be given np to Mrs . Swan , ana that the fullest amount of expenses be allowed for her trouble and conduct to bring the prisoner to the bar of justice .
Extensive Robbers bt Seryasts . —George Taylor , aged 48 ; T . MerrelL 19 ; Matthew Hawes , 20 ; Samnel Dawkins , 18 % T . Shepherd , 18 ; T . Sibley , 18 ; and Richard Angle , 4 A ; were indicted for stealing ten trusses of clover and meadow hay , value 36 s ., the property of itichard Bison , their master ; and William Banks , aged 28 , was charged with feloniously receiving the same , well knowing it to have been stolen . The prisoners were arraigned upon five or six ether indictments , charging like offences on other days named . They all pleaded not guilty . After consulting with Ms client's attorney , Mr . Clarkson
applied to the court to allow Banks to retract his pica and confess judgment , by declaring himself guilty of all tiie charges . The Recorder saw no objection , and ihe plea of guilty being put on the record , that prisoner withdrew from the bar , and the trial of four of the other prisoners—viz ., Tiawkins , Angle , Sibley , and Bawes , " pioceeuea . The jury found Hawes , Daw-Wtis , and Sibley Guilty , and acquitted Angle . The jury found Sibley and Angle Guilty on the second indictment , and acquitted the other fouv prisoners . There being other charges remaining against them , the Recorder adjouiaedthe court at five o ' clock .
Afbxj . 15 . — Eeiosiocslt AS 5 ACLTK 0 . — Samuel Smifli was found guilty of felonioudj assaulting Wm . Sparks , a policeman , by throwing a huge stone at and severely wounding him . The prisoner bore a bad character , had been several times imprisoned , and onee transported . The sentence of the Court -was that he should be transported for the term of fifteen years . In the evening this prisoner was again placed at the bar , when Ms Lordship informed him that it was his intention to consult with the other Judges to see -whether he should be doing right in lessening "the punishment , but did not give Mm the slightest hopes that they would alter his decision .
SiEmxG a Ride . —Two boys , named Callow and Mototjoy , each about twelve years of age , who were committed-by Mr . Broderip for horse-stealing , were placed at the bar to take their trial ; when , after hearing the evidence , his Lordship said that it only Trent to prove the boys stole a ride , and not a horse . The Jury acquitted them , 'without requiring , the evidence to be summed up . Sif ' . t . ikg Bask op Englasd Notes . —Julia Jesse Payne , a good looking young woman , was indicted for stealing , on the 3 rd of February , in the dwelling '
house at Susannah Brown , a desk , three Bank of England notes for the payment of £ 5 each , and other articles , the goods and moneys of the said Susannah "Brown and others ; and John Francis White , a welldressed mas , was indicted for receiving the same , toowingthemtobave been stolen . The facts proved " «? evidence were these , —the female prisoner had ^ edin ^ the service of the proseeutrix , but bad left «*» e the commission of the robbery , which had been ft ! Ti 5 L entenn G t ! ie houSfi of ™ ° Prosecutrk at 2 £ ^ £ 73 ?* l Jx ? t ^^ h a ™ nan ' s footsteps were observed after the property was misled .
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In the course of a month afterwards one of the stolen notes was traced to have been put in . ' circulation by the female prisoner , who was found living with the prisoner White , near the Hackney-road . The rooms were searched , and in that occupied by the female prisoner other property named in the indictment was found . In White ' s room , Jiowever , nothing belonging to the prosecutrix was discovered . It was proved , however , that he had been seen with Payne ; pledging some of the stolen property . Mr . Doane submitted there was no ease against the prisoner White . The Common Serjeant acquiesced , and directed an acquittal with respect to him . The Jury accordingly returned a verdict acquitting White , and finding the female prisoner Guilty . The Common Serjeant sentenced her to be transported for the term cf ten years . ~^ . ~~ ,,, ,-. . ¦ -- ~ .- ~
The Northern Start Saturday, April 19, 1845.
THE NORTHERN START SATURDAY , APRIL 19 , 1845 .
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MAYNOOTH . THE " TV ? O CHUBCHE 6 . " The desperate tenacity with which the profligate Whigs clung to power , until they had so far exhausted the national Exchequer as to render its longer possession unprofitable to themselves and dangerous to the nation , rather than an increased affection for or confidence in Conservative policy , or the Tory party , prepared the way for Sir Robert Peel ' s restoration to office , No sooner had the " state physician" who recommended himself to the notice of his patient , been " called in , " than we discovered and announced that the Prune Minister
was the representative of his party ' s / e « r « rather than of their , affections . The varied shapes in which Wbiggery , was wont to present itself ; the grotesque forms that it assumed ; its Protean policy ; its liberal theory , but crushing practice , had constituted it a kind of political hobgoblin—the bugaboo ofcpiumerce—the spectre that affrighted trade—the bogie that equally alarmed the Protestant baby and the hoavy Jew : and to the desire to destroy this embouymeat of everything that was childish and feeble , cowardly and bold , concluding and incanclusive , Sir Robert Feel owes his present situation .
He was perfectly aware that the nation would tolerate much in the successor of the Whig leader , but we incline to believe that he has stretched hope in that direction , beyond ( the nation ' s will to bear it . As long as he dealt with the mere estates of landed proprietors , or isolated bishopricks , he . reconciled the sufferers to " a choice of evils . " HiB CbchchRefobm was preferable to Lord Melbourne ' s " heavy blow and sore discouragement' ^ aimed at the whole "Establishmsnt ; and ais " standard price of grain" was preferable to the " no-protection" to which the easy policy of Lord Melbourne was sure to lead . By these and such like means Sir Robert hung . between the / cars and anticipations of Churchmen and
landlords ; and the Dissenters , the great majority of the nation , applauded Mm for the boldness of his measures . He had taken no step to marshal the fears of any one class to such an extent as would constitute it the opposition of a powerful interest . He might have divided the landed interests into Church preferments—and the great bulk of the nation would have discovered but little difference between the old title of the deposed squire and the newtenure under which his successor held . But the Magician has at last gone too far ! and although at the time we write the debate upon the second reading of his " Catholic Church Endowment Bill" is not concluded , we can nevertheless see the future shadow in the past , whatever the Parliamentary result may be .
We say whatever the result may be—despite of Sir Robert ' s policy and Mr . O'CoNSELt ' s declaration that "the people of England are opposed to the Irish Catholics . " Had we no other rules to guide our conduct upon this great and momentous question than those furnished by Mr . O'Conxeia himself , and by the Irish Priesthood and the Irish Catholic laity , we should in them find ample to justify unbending hostility to the proposed measure for the endowment of another Church . We oppose it , not because we arc Protestant , and object to Catholicism : but we oppose it because it is Anti-Cath « lic . In the many
struggles that the Irish Catholics have maintained against the Irish Law-Church , no "weapon has been so available in their hands as the , "voluntary principle ; " and powerfully have they been enabled to wield it against their opponent . The monastery was dilapidated ; ancient castles were in ruins ; the mansions of Catholic nobility were kid low ; the " round towers , " the ancient watch posts , and all that bespoke a * nation ' s former grandeur was tottering ; while the gorgeous spire of each parish State church proclaimed the victory of the armed intruder . But yet that victory ivas incomr
plete ! It required legions to perpetuate it ; while the annual tribute , paid grudgingly to the conquerors , required a stringency of the law , the power of the sword , the terror of the transport , and the dread of the scaffold to uphold it . The honored crevice in the venerated rock , wherefrom the outlawed pastor dared , in the midst of persecution , to preach the doctrines of his faith ; the humble , and unostentatious , and oft unroofed chapel ; the modest cottage of the parish priest ; . the devotion to his person ; the respect for his word ; the belief in Ms purity ; the confidence in his rectitude ; the certainty of his protection ; the
consolation in his intercession ; and the very sanctity of his person , wtre foils to the conquerors' trophies !! They were standards around which a confiding people in a confiding priesthood could rally . And it is to strike these down that the Protestant , Minister and the Catholic " Liberator" have now conspired . It is true the priest may be more "fashionably " educated ; it is true that his social position may be improved ; that his house may be larger , and better furnished ; that his living may be more luxurious ; that he may be on more intimate terms with the rival parson and the unbelievingsquire : but
when Ministerial danger or Protestant fanaticism shall threaten his flock with the double infliction of supporting < wop < wdminister 8 ,-willhethenbe apopular leader equally to be relied on ? No . He will be the willing tool of a political Minister , used for the purpose of subduing those passions which he has so often aroused in defence of the Catholic religion . We agree with Mr . Gladsioxe , that this is but "the beginning of the end ; " and we tell Mr . O'Cosseu ,, that despite of his cry of English prejudice , fear fats
struck him dumb . ' Ambition and an " itchy palm " have induced him to promise what he hasn't the moral courage to perform : and he * cheei-fully accepts the loop-hole furnished for his escape by the Protestant Prime Minister of England . What place the English Voluntaries may hold in the "Liberator's " esteem , is now of little consequence . They once loved and trusted Mm : but the power they gave him has been abused , and they will find ample justification for distrusting and despising him .
As far as the battle has gone a popular will has been copiously presented ^ to the House of Commons : and Sir Robert Peel may vest assvued that whatever the " aye" or " no" fate of his measure may be , the English people , who are strongly opposed to the endowment of one Church , will not consent to have their industry taxed to furnish another arm to to the State . Let our Irish brethren rave as they may , we wait the slow but sure coming of that day when they will be able to "judge of the tree by its fruits . " We write fob Ireland , and not against Catholicism . We remind them of the immortal Doyle ' s imperishable words : — " THAT THEIR HATRED OF TITHES
SHOULD BE AS LASTING AS THEIR LOVE OP JUSTICE . " And how much worse than tithe is the . ibibute collected from mdttstry without any account being token in favour of the labourer ; while , to say the least of that paid to the Protestant priest , it is a charge upon the land . We remind them of the principles enunciated during the hot anti-tithe agitation in 1831 and 1832—that the grievance and the insult was as great upon Tim , who only paid a pound , as it was upon Pat who paid forty ; because each .. equally marked the injustice of a bad principle . We remind them of Mr . O'Cojjneu / s ofl > repeated declaration , that if he wanted a doctor it was very hard to call upon his neighbour to pay the fee . So we
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- - ' . ' : — i tt tt i \ ULK , ^ Ife say of " the" " present question ; * : ; If Sir Robert Pebl and the " Liberatob" have agreed upon-some antipolitical nostrum for Ireland , it is hard that the English people should be called upon to pay for the drugs . The debasement of the Irish Catholic mind , achieved through the fears and imbecility of their blustering leader , is Ireland ' s poor share of the Minis , terial conquest ! -.- . ,, --TlfrE ^^^^
" Voe victis /"—( woe to the conqueror)—was the exultation of the Irish leader when the abasement of the Protestant Law Church was the prize contended for : and well may Peel now say , " take the prize of victory , but Woe to the conqueror . " O'Connell may boast—but Peel has triumphed ! Ireland may shout—but her people are humbled ! " Ireland , " that was to be " for the Irish , " is to undergo a new partition ! A fraternised priesthood of opposing faiths are to have the fat of the land , and will equally endure each other ' s peculations—wiil equally bear and forbear with each other ' s caprices , while the one flock of the two shepherds will be lean , and naked , and hungry : and yet , with enfeebled tone and pal . sied hand , will they throw up their caps , and shout , " God bless the salesman !"
O'Coxneix may maKe merchandise of English hostility . is long as he can hold the Irish mind in debased subserviency : but the improving genius of the country will teach the Catholic people of Ireland , that the principle of " divide and coxquer " is the object for which the English Protestant Minister and the Irish Catholic " Liberator" are mutually contending . The battle of " right against might "—of the voluntary against the compulsory
system , has only just begun . ' It ivill speedily end , — when the Working Classes of England , already taxed beyond endurance , understand that the present question but settles the principle ; that the details will follow in the " ulterior measures ; " and ' that their share will be , no matter under what feasible pretext it may be collected by ' a " fascinating financier , " the honour of paying tribute to the Catholic Church of Inland , that it may be wielded by a future Minister as a political engine for the destruction of civil rights .
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NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF TRADES . The conviction on the minds of the thinking portion of the working many , that the power and means attlie disposal of the producers of wealth , have neither been bo judiciously nor so systematicallyapplied as they might have been , " for the accomplishment of labour ' s bedempiion from the thraldom to which it is subject , is gaining ground on every hand . The fact , that , in despite of all the isolated efforts and struggles on the ' part of labour to maintain' its position ; the fact , that in despite of strike after strike ; in despite of the continual . spending of thousands upon thousands of pounds ; in despite of the
cheerful endurance of suffering , hunger , and want of every description : the fact , that , in despite of . all these efforts , —not to increase the rate of wages , but to maintaintherate only recently paid , —the objtct aitned at has been but in very slender part accomplished , has led to the entertainment of grave doubts that the mode of warfare hitherto adopted by the Trades , has not been the best calculated to ensure success , Respecting one fact , there can be no dispute : the progress of the labourer in the social scale has been a downward one , spite of his every snort to the centvavy . His efforts to avert such fate
have been unceasing and unending : but the efflux of time has found him in a lower position , and inclining lower still . His existence 3 s spent In creatingwealth abundant . He helps to create , not only heaps of the necessaries , but of all the comforts , the convenienciea , and the luxuries of life . He sees plenty abounding on every hand . He sees the tax-eater wallowing in the fat of the land . He sees the employer make his way rapidly from the cottage to the mansion—from " . shank's maxe" to lolling in "hiscavviage . " He sees the huckster , —the man who trades in the produce of Ais labour , —rise through the several gradations , of siation , until he " retires" with " a fortune , ' to spend the ; evening of his days in ease and comfort . He sees the number of those who live on the
labourer increase on every hand—and their means of enjoyment seemingly increasing with their number . He sees all this ; and he sees , too , that Ms ' own means as constantly diminish—that Ms fare as constantly becomes more " hard . " Labour , to him , instead of being the source of solace and joy , from the means it places at his disposal to bring up his family in credit and respectability , is a burden and a curse .. He has to pass through a joyless life , and dies an almost unlamented death . The summons of the " ' grim king of terrors" is looked on as a happy release horn earthly suffering . And this is the lot of the labourer , after all Ms struggles to secure within his grasp the small amount of means which the system could once " afford" him out of the mass of wealth that bis labour had created .
Well might doubt be . entertained as to the efficiency of the means hitherto adopted by the Trades for their own protection and mutual assistance . Not that those means have been wholly inefficacious . It is true that they have not succeeded in preventing the downward march of the labourer in the scale of comfort : but they have , at times , arrested that march , and . caused it , for the time , to come , to a "halt . " No one surely would have tlie hardihood to say that the efforts of the labourers themselves have
accelerated their steps Qn . tlie . ildownward journey to poverty ; and though it is impossible to say what the exact position . of the producers would at this moment baye beerij had the oporativos boon entirely quiescent in tthe hands of Capital , and unresistingly exposed themselves to the forces that have "bowed them down , " still all must admit that their condition would have been far worse even than it is , had such a course of conduct been tie rule . While there is room , and much , room , for doubt as to
the efficiency of the means employed by Labour to secure its due reward , seeing that those means have been , on the whole , attended with but very partial success ; yet it would be unreasoning and unreasonable indeed to deny that they have lecn of use . Whether the most has been made of the power in the hands of the workers is exactly the question : but he who says that all former efforts have been entirely fruitless and unavailing , is hardly in a condition to judge accurately of the future mode of proceeding to ensure the success all good men desire .
To the real question , however , the mind of the workers is being applied . The facts that we have spoken of have induced thought and reflection ; have set examination and inquiry at work ; have produced the conviction that we speak of in the first sentence of these remarks . With that conviction has come action . The recent Conference of Trades ' Delegates was an attempt to give embodimentlife—reality , to that conviction . Knowledge cannot
betediuHtefaWshel , Oncelet man become convinced that his mode of action is not the best suited to his purpose , and he will instinctively seek fora better . What is true of man as an individual applies to him in his collective capacity : and thus ' we see , constantly see , that as knowledge increases , the feelings , the motives , and the prejudices that once held the mind captive give way to others more comprehensive and more Catholic : and with tlie new views necessaril y come in new modes of action .
So with the Trades' Unions of tlie present day . Past failures , -where they have failed , have excited attention and inquiry as to . the cause of such failures . That inquiry has led to the conviction before spoken : and that conviction brought about the meeting of Delegates from . various parts' of England to devise mams by which the efforts of the Trades might be directed to a successful issue . , < ThoseDelegates assembled ; They wisely contented themselves , —considering the ' amount of detail information they . possessedj and the material they had in their hands , —with discussing and agreeing on ' oENEbal principles , leaving behind them a bod y to apply dttails to those principles , ^ ana to urge on the Trades generally cogent and satisfactory reasons for the course determined on . At the same time they pvc-
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vided that the deterairiatiqns ;! of ^^ . ' both bodies , the Cossebencb andTthe ^ CoMMiim , should , not be binding without further and full consideration . They sought rather to initiate measures for consideration , than to determine on actual plans of operation . In thiB they acted both prudently and wisely . The object sought to be ac " - complished is a most important one . It can only be compassed by judicious , wise , and effective means . Such means , to be effective , must have general support . To secure that general support , they must a ppeal to the reason of the parties interested , and
command their confidence . Without this confidence , all efforts must be unavailing ; and even with it , it will be necessary that judgment and wisdom guide the councils , and prudence mark the steps of the " new movement . " To secure this , the Delegates provided that the plans of action prepared by the Provisional Committee , should be submitted to the Trades generally for consideration ; and that another Conference , one representing all the Trades of England , if possible , should assemble on the last Monday in July , to consider , adopt , alter , amend , or reject the proposals thus made . '
111 the spirit that animated the Conference in such decision have the Provisional Committee since acted . They have entered on their onerous duties with a full sense of tlie important and sacred interests entrusted to their charge . They feel that a heavy responsibility is imposed on them . They seek to discharge their duty in all faithfulness to those who have confided in them . To do so effectually , they must bave the co-operation anil aid of the Trades themselves . Information on tile subjects that most
engage their attention will be heeded , and ought to be cheerfully and freely supplied . Suggestions for practice , either in were Trade regulations , or in the new direction sought to be given to the efforts of the producers for their own salvation , through'the allocation of the " surplus labour" on the Land , will be of incalculable bene 6 t : it will , therefore , be the duty of all who can so aid the Committee to impart their views without reserve . The task imposed on such Committee is a gigantic one : it is to prepare flans
FOB COA-SO 1 IDATING THE FOWEIi , AND DIRECTING THE EXEYWireS 05 1 HE TlUEES TO CERTAIN GENERAL AND individual benefit i and for the speedy procurement of Land whereon to erect "homes of the free" for the displaced "hands" in the machine-aided Labour market , where they shall enjoy independence , and , " living by the labour of their hands , " cveate amove " active demand " for the productions of their manufacturing operative brethren , and thus enable them to secure remunerative wages . This is wliafc the Committee have to do : and to enable them to doit well , should be the determination of all who can in anywise aid them .
Such aid is sought for by the Committee . Con » cioas of the deep responsibility that rests on thenij they are wishful to prepare themselves with facts for their guidance . To this end they have issued th « following Address : and we hope and trust that the spirit therein manifest will diffuse itself far and wide , and actuate all concerned to a proper discharge of theii duty . 1 9 THE TRADES UNIONS . A . VD WORKING CLASSES OF
GREAT BIUTAIN AND 1 UELASB . Fbiends , —Your attention is earnestly requested to a few plain statements bi the utmost Importance to j-ou individually and collectively . Labour is the source of all wealth ; yet the labourers , as a body , are the least wealthy—the most destitute portion of the community . Why is tliis ? From the want of wealth , or the want of power to produce it in abundance for all ? From neither . In the history of man never did there exist a nation richer than Great Britain at the present momentr ^ -either as to the real property it possesses in comparison with its population , or tlie scientific , mechanical , and industrial po > yers at its command ,
Yet , with this unexampled amount of accumulated wealth , and of powers for producing more , poverty is the lot of the working man through life . Numerous have been the' attempts to amend this lamentable state of thing ' . ; , but in rain . Political agitations , trades' unions and strikes , have hitherto failed to remove this anomaly , or to arrest the downward career of the producing classes . Is the evil thwefiwe irremediable , or have the means heretofore adopted been inadequate for the object in view ? . We believe the latter to be the true solution of the difficulty . New and more comprehensive measures are imperatively required , based on sound principles—on a full understanding of the evils to be removed , and the causes which generate them .
With these-views , a National Conference Of the TratUl assembled in lon&on on Easter-Monday , presided over by T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., and composed of ninety-seven Delegates from all parts of England , ' . After a full and deliberate consideration of the grave and important matters laid before it , that Conference agreed to form a new association , to be called " Tlie Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry ; " and to the principles and objects of that Association your most serious attention is requested .
Tlie Coufeyenee agreeDjtiiatll the great cause of thecontinuous decline of the wages of labour is , a redundance of workers compared with the existing demand for their labour ; that until this discrepancy can be removed , its effects cannot be averted ; that the means formerly cm . ployed have failed ; and tlmt some other mode must be devised and adopted by which the surplus labour shall be absorbed , or kept out of the market , and an equality be maintained between the work to be done , and the number of those required to do it . "
The Conference also agreed , " that the new circumstances created by the introduction of machinery demands a new ' course of action on the part of the operative classes . " It was seen and avowed that" while capital possesses the unlimited powev of creating automaton wokkbrs , it is utterly impossible for manual iaboto , in its present position , to maintain a successful struggle against its aggressions ; " and it was therefore agreed , that " the working classes must , in future , summon to their aid those powers which have hitherto been principally employed against them ; that they must expend their funds in the erection of machines that will work for and not against them , and in the purchase ov rental of land , whereon they can set to profitable emplovment the redundant hands , who , if suffered to remain in the labour market , would reduce the wages of the wliole trade to
which they belong , " These measures are proposed not to supersede , but to aid those already adopted by organised trades . It is proposed to render them more effective by extending Iheiv sphere and operation . A general Union of Trades , for the purpose of regulating trades' matters and trades' strikes ; for collecting information and funds t ' 6 one common centre , and thence distributing them effectually , was also resolved vtpow \ 5 y fbe Conference . By means of this Union the united strength of tlie whole Association would be enjoyed by every individual trade in any case of strike or dispute with employers . An orgauisation so general and powerful would not only in the majority of cases prevent the commission of injustice and the occurrence of strikes , but when they did unavoidably take place , would bring them to a speedy and successful termination .
The Conference did not , however , wholly confine its attention to the measures which might be adopted by the Trades themselves ; the all-pervading influence of legislation on their condition was taken into consideration , and the turnicg of that influence ta a beneficial direction was decided to be one of the principal objects of Cue new Association . Aware , however , that success in any attempt of so comprehensive a description , depends mainly on the degree in which it is understood and sympathised in by the masses ; aware , also , that much loss and disappointment have been experienced in consequence of crude , ill digested , and hasty measures , the Conference determined , that beyond tlie enunciation of these leading objects , it wovild not proceed ,
A Committee was therefore appointed , consisting of persons who have long laboured for the elevation of the working classes , with Mr . Duncombe president . To this Committee the Conference has assigned the duty ol making known to the producers generally the objects of the new Association , and of receiving from all bodies of working men such information as to their position , wants , and opinions , as may enable it to devise practical and eifeetive plans to be submitted to another Conference to be held in London on the last Monday in July next .
For this purpose we now address you . We call upon all organised Trades' Unions to forward copies of their rules , and such other information as may be of service to the Committee in the performance : of its onerous duties . To the trades not now organised , it is earnestly recommended that they take immediate steps to effect that purpose , and put themselves in communication with the committee . , Mere Joealor sectional efforts will not lift the producers from their present inferior position . The attempt must be made on an extensive scale . The principle of Union must be more generally acted , upon . We must have "« Cong pitH , « strong pull , and ( ij ) iill altogether . " Never before did any attempt of this description commence under more favourable auspices ;
Labour will , in future , have a fearless and w-r instructed exponent of its wrongs and its wants in u , a legislature-a faithful and experienced guide in all its peaceful and legal efforts . • : : i Working men ! Are you prepared to take * dvantaee of these new and powerful aeries to ' your cause ? TWayi » u-1 » true to yourselves , ana as oae inan rally round the new standard thug erected ? It requires but an enlightened , united , arid practical effort , to achieve yew emancipation . Are yon ready to make it ?
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Working men ! Think well ' before you reply to these questionsi Those of you who may answer in the affirmative , amst make up their mindB to patient , persev « rinjr , and long-continued efforts . The effects of oppression and unfavourable social conditions , are not to be removed in a day . A spirit ef determined and unshrinking perseverance is essential to its accomplishment , i ; . Working men ! In the Union to which we invite you there is nothing oia class , or sectional nature . V ? e desire .:... *
to create no irividious . or antagonistic spirit in society ; but simply to pursue , by faiv , open , and peaceable means , a course which shall give to the operative classes a fair participation in the wealth they assist to create . With polities , as party polities , we do not meddle . The social and industrial position of the labourer , and the means by which itmay be improved , are the great objects at wliicli we aim ; and we invite the co-operation of good men and true , not only among the working , but all other classes of society ,
Signed , on behalf of the Central Committee of the Association of United Trades for the Protection of In . dustry , T . S . Duhcohbe , President , April 12 th , W 5 . T . Barratt , Secretary , N . B . —Communications to be addressed to Mr . Barratt , Office of the Central Committee of United Trades , 30 , Hyde-street , Bloomsbury . Now , then , tui th the T hades the matter for ' the present rests . There is in the above Address matter for much thouslit and deep deliberation . Let tlie Trades see
to it . Let them examine the wliole question thus placed before them , in a calm and forbearing spirit . The days of passion and rant are gone by ; the days for practice lisive come : sober , sure , honest practice . This alone can be of service . It is the interest of the Trades to see that safe and efficient plans for such : piuctice are prepared . To tins end they should address themselves . Let them do so without delay , and'aid the Committee with all information . Then may we hepe for the success of an effort for the Regeneration op Labour .
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John Wild , Bury . —We have been pained , at seeing the Cti ' ort made by some party or other to embroil the 2 toriherti Star . with tlie Trades now on strike at Bury . Hitherto we have refrained from speaking on the subject , from a fear that-we might possibly do harm to the cause of the tuvn-outs : but the importunities are so pressing that we are , in amanner , obliged to explain our actual position in relation to the turn-outs . It is not true , then , that we have refused to insert the statements of the turn-outs , or to aid them to the best of the means at our command . So far from this being the case , we have gladly inserted all that our arrangements would enable us to do . It is true that on one
occasion our Reporter , Mr . Wm . Dixon , who is regularly engaged to attend meetings of working men , sent us a report of a delegate meeting at Bury , which he had attended and taken ; but it came to hand so lute in the week that the paper was just ready for press , and it was impossible for us to insert it at length . We did with the report all that we could—inserted from it what appeared to us material to serve the men . The report came to us in two batches ; and with the second came a note from Mr . Dixon , written in Manchester , saying that he had heard that one of the strikes was all but over , and that a considerable number of the hands had returned to work on reasonable teims . This note we also inserted . It tuvns out that the information conveyed to Mr . Dixon was not correct :
the strike was not over . This circumstance is the only hinge that ive know of , on which the party publishing circulars have hung their charge , that " not even the celebrated Staf has " represented them fairly "—which statement we beg to tell them is not / ai ' rtous . If we have not " fairly represented" them , it has not been our fault . We had and have every disposition to aid them b y the publication of ilH the facts we can collect ; and we did so , as we invariably do . in every such case . We are at the expense of a reporter to attend meetings of the trades that desire publicity ; and we have inserted reports of hundreds of meetings that nobody elsi woull mention . How then , could the parties in Bury , who have published as above , get it into their heads that we were disposed to " weekly
mis-represent" them ; and why did they designate the Star " a . Jii ) ' « liM 0 press ? " The Star may not have been able to do thum « l 4 the good it could have wished : but it has done its best . It has inserted of their proceedings whatever it could : it will still continue to do so , notwithstanding the little exhibition of petulance with which its efforts to serve have been met . A Worker at Me . Gabdnek ' s , Pbeston . —We are obliged by his attention . The report he named we have looked out for , but have not seen . "Perhaps it may have appeared in some of the local papers . If it has , we shall be glad to receive a copy . If not , we shall be glad to publish any report that can be furnished . Mn . Love , GUsgow . —His papers were not late the other week from any negleet of his . but from the Post-office
arrangements , we believe . J . Wild , Middletow . —Unless there be a special agreement to the contrary , six months' notice must be given to quit a yearly tenant ; and the notice must expire on the daj of the month on which lie took possession . If there be no such special agreement in his case , the notice he speaks of is not sufficient . Matthew Scott . —We fear his letter would do little good if published , Lord Londonderry is tobe reached only through the pocket . When we get the "Reckonisq Commission " sent forth by authority , to know why and how the lands and the minerals have got into so few hands , there may be a chance of " making / our-own " of Lord Dunderhead . Till then he will be but an unprofitable subject .
John Kemp , Folkstone . —The advertisement in the last Star showed where the " Lectures to Farmers on Practical Chemistry " was published , as well as the price . The publishers are 1 aylor and Walton , 22 , Upper Gowerstreet , London ; the price is 7 s . 6 d . J . Elms , Newton Abbot . — If he has had his papers direct from the office in question , and they have neglected to forward to him the plates , he will be justified in refusing to pay till his claim for the number he speaks of is satisfied . J . Rodney , Drotisdesj . —The complaints he makes are not fit for the columns of a newspaper . They relate to points of practice in a society of which he is a member ; let him there try to get the alterations he suggests \ nt \ 'odweed .
J . N . Daventrt . —We think not , but are not over confident . D . C . CiREGonT , Carbisgtqx >—The first tiling in instituting an action for slander is to employ an attorney . The cost of such a proceeding no man can calculate . It ¦ will mainly depend on the amount either party , or both , to the action have to lose . As long as there is a " shot in the locker" the lawyers will fire ; when the ammunition is spent "justice" is soon satisfied . J .-1 ' . Collington . — "We cannot advise him . We kno ^ v nothing of the Vonov-UQlian Emigration project that would induce us to recommend it . We advise all to "look before they leap" into any emigration project whatever .
John SnAw , of' Gloucester-street , Commercial-road East , London , would be glad of a communication from Sir . Bernard M'Cartney , late of Liverpool . A Poor Subscriber , Newcastle . —His "longresidence " has not gained him a settlement . He is liable to be removed to his parish—and most probably will be , if ho is " chargeable . " 5 [ R . Stubbs , Macclespielb . —We thank him for his communication . Mr . West and 2 Ir . Be . vtote , JUcctEsnuLD . — Mv . ilobson fully expected to hear from these gentlemen on Tuesday last , in accordance with their engagement . They know that "Mr . II . went out of his way to serve them ; and their part of the engagement should have
been fulfilled . Mr . II . expects to hear from them with . ¦ out further delay . To Agents . —If our agents would attend to their business a little better , they would greatly facilitate ours . We generally get more letters from them on the Friday than on the Thursday . Those agents who do not post their letters , so as to arrioe here on the THURSDAY , must take all consequences of delay , or wrong numbers being sent . This is particularly the ease with our Scotch agents' orders , most of whish arrive after their papers have left the office , and then , the following week , ' we receive a host of letters from them about not attending to their order ? , -ivjiile the neglect is their own—and letters from subscribers , disappointed at not being ' able to receive their papers in proper time . ALL LETTERS
TO ENSURE ATTENTION , MUST BE HERE ON THURSDAY . Parties sending post-office orders , or cash , to this office , ought to be careful to write something in their letters , so that we can tell who sends them , and what they intend us to do with the money . We have four or five agents who never write a word more than the address of this office on the outside of the orders , We are partial to short letters , when on mat . ters of business ; but these are rather too short . If those who send will only sign their names , it is all we ask ; and , if they will not do that , they must expect that the cash will sometimes be credited to the wrong agents , lo correct such errors afterwards takes much time in writing fov all particulars , besides the risk of the person sending the money losing it altogether . From a recent alteration in the post-office order department , it is impossible to ascertain the name of the person send .
iug , without writing to the nost-office where the order was first obtained , or to the general office . Several of our agents do not care to make their otders payable at 180 , Strand . We have this week received orders payable at the General Post-office from Arthur , . Carlisle ; WoodMvn ,: CUorley ; Traverse , Prescott-Thompson and Co ., Darlington . If they would but ask to have their orders made payable at 180 , Strand , they would oblige . Several of our agents address their , orders to Hr . Hobson . They would save us much time and themselves disappointment if they addressed them tothe . propierperson . ¦ ¦ . ; . _• . . . T . Goode ;'; Kettemng . — -The agent has got into our debt •' and will not pay . " , ' Mr . Tosb , Arbroatw , must send his order to Mr . Myles , of Dundee . As Mr . Myles has to pay , he is the per-. son to receive the order , and send' it to this office he will then k » o \ v v . bat papers axe being sent on his ae ! conot ,
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Mb . J . B . H . BAiKSTOW ,-lEicifTEB . i—His letter ha just been handed to Mr . Hobson , by Mr . Wheeler , l was but just then that he had laid down , after perusinj for the first time , the letter from Stafford to which Mr B ' s communication refers . Mr . Hobson has been absen from London a considerable portion , of the last th r * weeks ; at Leeds , Huddersfield , Manchester and Ashton During his absence the letter in question was received and it ' was put into his hands for the first time thii ( Thursday ) , forenoon . He has seen nothing of th < former letter which Mr . Bairstow says has been sent tt ^
mm ; and if he had , the request was one that he could not have complied with . Though he does noi deem it . necessary to publish the letter . from Staf . ford —( having given publicity to all that was sen in explanation of a statement that appeared in the Star —and this letter opening up new ground of quarrel , involving other parties )—he cannot accede to the request made by him to " send the ori ginal" or even a copy to Leicester . Such a course of conduct would be utterly indefensible , unless those making such request were by both parties , constituted a tribunal to hear and decide on the matters in dispute . viuc vh we luuuiTs in oispute .
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MB O'COW'OR JOE THE BXECUHVE . ' £ . . From Coventry jT ' , - '' SUBSCRIPTIONS . " " " * From Kilmarnoek , _ .. o 5 « From Carrington .. " y % , From Arnold .. .. o i 3 VICTIM FKXU . From Carrington 0 2 BUNCOMBE TE 8 TMWJIAL . A Wigan operative , per T . H 0 1 0 . MRS . BUNCA » . From a few f t : sons at Mouline-u-Vaneur , vev David Reid .. .. 1 i Jo RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY , SUBSCRIPTIONS . s- d > s a Clock-house , \ Vw ~ - Northampton , old ' '
minster .. .. 3 0 locale .. „ o Cambeniell .. .. 3 0 Halifax .. .. " i „' Peuzance „ .. 210 Dewsbury .. ' 1 I Hayle 2 0 Littletown ,. " i c Marylebone .. .. 4 0 Birstall .. ., " 07 Bloomsbury , J . Konh 1 0 Hebden-bridec 4 qi Do ., 0 . Page .. .. 10 Bradford .. "I }* Do ., T . Corfieltl .. 0 C Sowerby Helm " « 3 l Brighton 3 0 Lower Warley " * ir Trowbridge .. .. 4 i Coalsnaughton , ' . ' g n Alexandria , Vale of Tillicoultry „ , 1 ft Leven 10 0 Southampton ,, " « »
XEvr . Southanipton . G . Gottk 0 C Coalsnaughton . b n Brighton .. .. .. 7 0 Tillicoultry .. " ^ ? Hebden-bridge .. .. 15 5 Somers Town ., " \ r I LowerWarlcy .. .. i ! 9 "R ufi > JlidJev or B 0 . VASio . vs . ° Brighton ... Ash . ton-under-I . yne , J , Wilcox . ' . ' , " . ' . ' " 1 Q ¦ nr , * , , ACCOUNT BOCKS , Ac . Wakefield , account-book .. . „ Hebdeu-bridge . " , " " " * J Delegates to the ensuing Chartist Convention a . v Jim . h informed that u will assemble on Monday w ; h £ ' % the Parthenium Assembly Rooms , St . Hartley « ten o ' clock precisely . All localities not able t » W . vmt seuted by Delegates , are requested to send their , •«•„•« i , d sentiments , addressed to the President of the CoMvntinn at ¦ Mr . Wheeler ' s , "iiU , Strand . lul Mm ' THOMAS MARTK WHEEi . r . u , Seervtavv .
In Tn Public Meeting At Manchester. — A Publicmeeting Of Tlie Inhabitants Of Manchester, Was Held
in tn Public Meeting at Manchester . — A publicmeeting of tlie inhabitants of Manchester , was held
e uarpenters' iiaJJ , tfarret-road , on iuesuay evening , Apri ! J , 5 tb , 1845 , for the purpose of considering the gi-ieraiices under which the Tailors , as a body , at preseii t labour . And also to petition Parliament for a Select Committee to examine into the sanatory condition of the Tailoring trade . The spacious hall was well filled with a highly respectable audience . At eight o ' clock Mr . Alex . Lewese was unanimously called tuiliechair . He briefly addressed tlie assembly upon the importance of the . subject which they had met to discuss , and introduced to tlio meeting Mr . J . Clark , to move tlie first resolution . Mr , Clark said , the vesolution which he had beei : 1 -ailed
on to move was to the following eftect : ~ " That in the opinion of this meeting the alarming state of the Tailoring trade , brought about by unprincipled competition , is such « s demands the immediate at tuition of the public ; iuasmuch as certain mastc- tailors have departed i ' rom the original mode of employing their workmen on premises under tl . Av ' immediate direction : instead of which , ciothes are now made up in . the humble habirations of the workmen , who are compelled , from ib Jow wages they receive , to live in the most dense ! -.- populated and ill-wiitilateu districts , exposed i <¦ ' .- .
their support to those employers only who i nve all their work done on the premises , as a , Si ; V ;; iiiinl against the cosiungencies that arise from the wosont system of out-door labour . " Mr . C / ark , in a neat speech , seconded the resolution . Mr . Mnndcr .. from Jersey , in an eloquent and . able speech , supported the resolution . AL-. Hamea followed , delivering : an able address , in w ) i ' : oh he exposed the horrore ot' unprincipled competition . The chairman then j -tit the resolution wl .-ich was carried by acclamation . Mr . Steward moved the adoption of thefoll < mi \ g vrt ' rikn , and that tho chairman sign it on behalf of \ U- meeting . Mr . LwieJj , of Hyde , in an able speed ) , *• - ( ended the motion : — *
To the Honounwk the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Parlimcnt assembled , llmiBLt Sukweih . —We the undersigned , being ourneymenTailors of —— , are desirous of laying before your honourable house a statement of the sanatory condition of our trade , and its cor > euucnt effects upon public health and morals . Tour petitioners beg to inform your honourable house , that originally it was the custom of master tailors to employ all their men on their own promises ; butof late years agrcat portion of th em have departed therefrom , and now give their work out to b ? made in the humble habitations of their workmen , v . -k-i-eby the health of tisose so employed is greatly impaired , their morals affected , and the lives of her Maie-sty ' s subjects placed in great jeopardy , through diseases arising from this source , ¦ which spreads coiusdmi to amostappaliimr extent .
1 he above system of out-door labour has ca- 'fed into existence acei'tain class of persons who act as middle men , and are vulgarl y denominated Sweater ? , who take out largo quantities of work , and in ordw to secure a largo per centage , employpersons hi the hist stage of destitution , at the lowest possible wages , from which the employer or the public at lave « vecuive no advantage . The invariable practice of these nwWle men is to obtain the cheapest habitations ia the lowest _ neighbourhoods , generally crowded and unventilated , and employ men and women in the
same room , Touv petitionevs ave prepared to prove lieiore a committee of your honourable house , that laiiii-s' and gentlemen ' s garments are made in rooms t : \ at are neither clean onvholesome ; the said mm * . being used as a work-shop , bed-room , hospital j and Kitchen ; neither is there anything more common amongst this class of home-workers , than to see the mother and children confined to their beds with feycr , cholera , small-pox , or ether infectious diseases . Your petitioners venture to affirm that garments made in such places cannot escape infection thereby directly U'lUiSibrang the disease totheWdyofth ' e wearer , who would never suppose for one moment that contagion might possibly be carried into the most fsishiciiiibie boudoirs from the most s ( iuulidof garrets . " :
Another serious and most appalling evil , which is the inevitable result of this system of hoinelwos-king , is ic-s immoral ; :.. u ! ency , as from the indiscriminate employment ., ; ' young men and women on the same garment , and l \ . viie same room , their habits become degenerated , j iih S 3 'steni also creates a most flagrant \ w > -:.-.-: \ of the laws , both of God arc ! man , by causing a j . vofanatiou of the Sabbath i ' : iy ; as there is nothing more common , from the facilities which lioiiu ; --irking supplies , than for persons so employed to -. vovk as regular on Sunday * as other days .
As it wonJu bo impossible iu this petition to detail even a fraction of the miseries produced by this system ot home-. working , your petitioners conclude by slating tnat they have no desire to dictate to employers as to the manna- they shall cany on their business , many of wh o ^ i , though respectable , are ignorant as to tl < way in which their work-is made up . through the instrumentality of theiv middle men ami Mhcvs - , but your petitioners humbly conceive that any matter that affects the health ami morals should icoeive due consideration from the legislature , with a view to an alteration of the present baneful system , by which your petitioners and the public at * lr . rge are great sufferers . Your pctiticncis therefore humbly pray that your llftTiniivniiln li * jricn will Iio nTnoenrl tr \ niuinf » i / iaw »_ viivill tlJiU UA MV tUV \>
" ^ TAU . WV M yiV . IU Q &flllL ( I \_ 'V / JA 1—mittee to inquire- into the sanatory , condition of the trade , and its effects upon public health and morals ; the same to be reported to your honourable house with a view tc devise such means as your honourable house in its wisdom may deem necessary to the provision of clean and vrholesomc workshops , by the master tailors of the United , Kingdom , thereby securing her Majesty ' s subjects from the dangers arising- from the present system , and your petitioners as in duty bo ; :: ; J . will ever pray . Mr . Parker supported the petition ; his address was loudly applauded .: Mr . Dramgoole next addressed the meetiii" h ; a neat speech , in the course of which he gave the following statement;—In Boiton , he
had seen a nuui working : in a cellar seven feet below the surface , wherein were nine besides himself , and a dying mother , lie had worked 108 hours that week , and had received 12 s . Cd . It cost him sixpence for thread , therefore he had 12 s . for 108 hours' labour . The petitioniwsiscavvicd unanimousl y . Mr . Parker moved , and Mr . Shaw seconded , "That Mark Phillips ,: Esq ., and Milner Gibson , Esq ., the members for the borough , betrequested to present and support the .-payer of the . petition /' - . The motion , with the addition-ot Mr . Brotherton , was carried unan imously . The thanks ; of the meeting were then given to Mr . Parker and the . Executive . The thanks of the meeting ; o the . chairman closed the proceedings .
€0 Leato & Tottsjj0nijent&
€ 0 leato & tottsjj 0 nijent&
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1311/page/4/
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