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"Ani I win war , at least in words , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , "With all who war with Thought !" " I think I hear a little hird , who sings Tie people ly ana V will 1 » the Stronger . "—B » ON
AFFAIRS OF SWITZERLAND . Press of matter last week compelled us to-withhold ouf usual article on foreign affairs : we now return to a consideration of Hie present state of tilings in Switzerland . We gave ample details in our last of the invasion of Lucerne by the liberal refugees belonging to that canton , aided by the volunteers from Argau , Berne , &c . Lucerne is situated nearly in the centre of Switzerland , and its position appeared to point out this canton as the natural battle-field of the two great parties which divide the Confederation . LHcerne is , in fact , at one of the extremities of the lake of the four cantons , on the borders of which are situated the piimitiTe cantons of Unterwald , TJri , and
Schwytz . To the north of these is the Catholic canton of Zug . Lucerne , therefore , on the east touches the cantons most in favour of the Jesuits , and the lake of the four cantons offers it a direct and easy communication with them , enabling the Lucernese xo obtain their aid at very short notice . On the west , Lucerne , on the contrary , adjoins the cantons most strongly in favour of the liberal side , and which lie in the following order round her frontiers : — Argau , Basle ( country ) , Soleme , and Berne . Lastly , between the canton of Zug and that of Argau , to the north of Lucerne , is the directing canton of Zurich . Thus placed between its allies on one side , and its adversaries on the other , Lucerne became the
necessary battle-field for both parties . The invasion of Lucerne is to be deplored for more reasons than those associated with its sanguinary issue . By violating the territory of Lncerne , and attempting by violence to overthrow the Government of that canton , the Liberals of the neighbouring cantons clearly placed themselves in a wrong position , and took the * most effective steps they could have taken to gain for the attacked Lucernese the sympathies of neutral parties . The Government of Lucerne may be a vile despotism : but to effect a reform thereof by the hostile action of the "free bands " of other states , was only calculated to make matters worse , br risking the Jnvolvment of the entire confederation in the horrors of civil war .
Still , much may be urged in extenuation of the conduct of the Argovian and Bernese Radicals . For months past , the Jesuit party in Lucerne hare pur sued the Liberals withabigotted and cruel intoler ance . Persecution has been the order of the day ; and hundreds of the Liberals were thrown into prison , or compelled to seek safety by flight . Sympathy for the unfortunate refugees / aided by a very natural disgust at the worse than useless proceedings of the Extraordinary Diet and the indignation necessarily engendered by iJieinsolent interference of tie " great powers , " caused the explosion on the part of the Radicals of the neighbouring cantons , the fataHssue of which our readers are already informed of . - Several causes combined to defeat the expedition .
The refugees and volunteers numbered but from iQOO to 5000 men , opposed to a force of not less than 20 , 000 men . The invaders had to march fourteen leagues , and had to seize , by main force , all the important passages to enable them to reach Lncerne . They had to bivouaek in the plains or upon hills covered with snow during two cold nights , while the troops opposed to them were sheltered and supplied with all the resources of a capital city . The expeditionary army knew that their friends in the city were numerous ; but these could afford them no help , as ibey were disarmed—martial law proclaimed—and persons forbidden to appear in the streets , except singly , under pain of death . Left to its own proper
forces , the Lucerne Government must have succumbed , but they were aided by immense forces from ~ Cri , TJnterwalden , and other Catholic cantons . On the arrival of the Radicals before Lncerne , they found these forces , all fresh troops , brought by the steamers to Lucerne , arrayed against them , in addition to the forces they hadexpected to combat with . Nor was tiujs all ; the expedition appears to have become disjointed in its march , or , perhaps , for the accounts are by no means dear , wa 3 never united . Notwithstanding these misfortunes the Liberals performed prodigies of valour . For three hours , it is said , the victory was balanced , and the Jesuits only gained their dear-bought victory by the shedding of torrents of blood .
It was stated that the leader of the expedition , 31 . Ochsexbeix , was Mlled at the commencement of tie conflict * this , however , has sinee been contradicted , and it is said that he has returned to Xopingen . It appears that he became separated from tne bulk of his army , and re-crossed the frontier with but few followers . The report that Dr . Stegier had been shot in cold blood by the government of Lucerne , has also bden contradicted . Jlany acts of barbarity have been imputed to the Lucernese troops , which , for the sake of humanity , and the honour of the Swiss name , we grieve to record . Thereappears to have been a needless and highly criminal destruction of the lives of the unfortunate refugees , and volunteers , when retreating towards the frontier .
Jt has been stated that a number of the prisoners were butchered in cold blood , and that , but for the exertions of General Soxxeberg to the contrary , a general massacre of these unfortunate men would have taken place . We trust tbatthese alleged assassinations may yet be disproved : but , if true , we are not surprised at them . When men stimulated by religious bigotry fight under the inspiration of the priests , there is no atrocity they will hesitate to perform . An Instance of this " savageism was lately given in the New Zurich Gctzzette , in which it was stated that at a review of the landstunn in a district of the Catholic Canton of Fribure , the head baillie delivered an
address in which he used the following sentences : — ? ' Those who are not for the Jesuits are against them and against our holy religion ; the faithful who meet such , ought to rip them up and finish them , and the Jesuit fathers accord to them absolution beforehand !" Too accurately has the prediction of Colonel Ltjvki , delivered by him in Hie Diet on the 28 th of February been fulfilled : — " The Jesuits , " said he , "had been invited to Lucerne : and if the way tows deluged with Hood , and covered witli dead—if the cries of desolation pursued , them in their course , Still would they persevere unless cheeked by die strong hand of power . " Alas for the human race , when Shellet ' s fearful descrip tion of the past is but the faithful portraiture of the present !
"Yes I have seen God's worshippersunsheath The sword of his revenge , when grace descended , Confirming all unnatural impulses , To sanctify their desolating deeds , And frantic priests vrared the ill-omened cross O'er the nnbappj earth ; then shone the snn On showers of gore , from the ujiflashing steel , * # * And Wood-red rainbows canopied the land . " The unhappy contest in Switzerland lias afforded to the hired journalists of this country a fine oppor tunity of lauding despotism , and denouncing repnb-Ecanism . As a specimen of the falsehoods of these mendacious writers , we give the following extract iromthe Morning Herald .
The world is just now receiving some valuable instruction as to the comparative valne of republican and monarchical institutions . All Europe is , and has long been , in the ondistHrbed enjoyment of a perfect freedom , not only from international but from civil war , one state only excepted , and that state happens to be the only state in 2 nrope which has preserved the republican form of governnient . m Switzerland only are men armed against taeh other ; but in Switzerland the fellow-cMzens of the sune republic are slaughtering one another with a -rigour and pertinacity worthy of the middle ages . It is unne-^ sary W inquire which parly is right or wrong jttecondaerat ion that presses at the moment is ^ s-Could the S ne ^ on of r ^ f be determined in any of the other states w-Europe only by an appeal to ihe Uw of homvule ? We ssr ^ ss » sr ^ ss »* = ^ ^™ i Semnent conia pass the scenes that are now passing
ia Switzerland . m ^ M £ M that revolution , a civil * ar , * = ° } , ? -RAvnlists " periodin La Vendee , eseited bv the ito ^ Wfc wpeated insurrections have burst forth , ;« J ™ J seafiblds have been dyed with blood y whoUy « Jg the efforts of Louis W £ , ^^ 5 ° fiK mnmtheruins of Liberty . WltL f Al % J £ , years Monarchy has caused a revolution m BJj andprovoted a war in P <>^ ^ J * *™ vw the butchervof thousand andwasfollowedbyenormifaes fvi * onntinnpdl ton horrible for words to adequately
describe . Monarchy caused a cml war , < k ™ years ' duration , in Portugal ; an d £ » ^ J ^ SSTrf has yet to be seen . Very recently nw" ™* gJ 5 the Mng-cursed people of Germany have attested thdrseme of the monarchal prmciple ; andI nota yea passes bntmteesses holocausts of the noblest sons of Jtalv , victims at Ae altar of W ^ J priestly fiand . We pass by England , wheretos fieaa sftaarJSiWi a ^ S ssr ^ s ^ iS England , let ^ last , notleast , remind a ""*""" ™ SplT During the last ffleeu jew . a ^ JjSf has been almost Tmceasingly en gaged in «™ 2 f ; Hrst there we the attempts made to destroy toe tyranny of ihe monster Pbbbeusd ; then ioi lowed the seven years ' war between ihe Partisans of Isabella , and those of Caklos : then iae
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risings against the detestable Christina ; then the intrigues ot the same Chbisiina when exiled to France ; then the efforts of the military dictator , EsPASTEEOjto preserve the throne "intact : " then the butcheries perpetrated by Narvaez , thesie ^ e of Barcelona , and the other atrocities of the last two years . Spam is one of the oldest monarchies in Europe ; and all the atrocities of the last fifteen years—the slaughter of thousands in battle—the wholesale shooting of prisoners—the treacheries and peculations which have disgraced that country—have all been the work , or at least have been perpetrated in the name of monarchy . " In Switzerland only , " says the writer in the Herald ,
" are men armed against each other ; " knowing all the time , as he well does , that the present Government of Spain only exists by brute force ; that that Government is divided iato two parties , each plotting violence against the other ; and that there is every likelihood that a few months , perhaps weeks , will see that country plunged again into the horrors of a civil contest , caused by the accursed conspiracies of the enemies of liberty , of whom the monarchy is the representative . The writer in the Herald asks . " Could the question of righthe determined in any of the other states of Europe only by an appeal to the law of homicide f" Why , the history of the world tells
that" Through kings , and priests , and statesmen , wars arose . " " Might makes right '" is the universal motto of kings . The " law of homicide" is the law by which they rule ; blood cements their thrones ; and without the sword the sceptre would be powerless . The deplorable proceedings in the canton of Lucerne have caused a renewal of the newspaper talk respecting foreign intervention . Having already discussed this question in a previous article , we need not offer many additional remarks here . Most probably the " great powers" are waiting to see what steps will be taken by the Diet to restore tranquillity . Should the Diet be unable , as before , to agree to any effective measure to put an end to the existing troubles , or should the Diet prove itself unable to enforce
its views , then there is too much reason to apprehend that France and Austria may attempt the fulfilment of their threats . The Tvmt actually calls for this intervention , as the " sole means of restoring peace and preventing the effusion of blood . " A strange reason truly , when the act of intervention would necessarily cause the shedding of blood far beyond what could possibly be caused by the quarrels of the Swiss themselves . "We say necessarily this would be the case ; for , as a matter of course , the inhabitants of Berne , Zurich , and the other Liberal cantons , would rise en masse against the foreign invaders ; and , we hope , not behind hand , would also be found the mountaineers of the primitive cantons , whose bravery in the recent contest all must acknowledge .
The appearance of a French army , or the still more hated forces of Austria , would , we doubt not , be the signal for a fraternisation of all the Swiss against the common enemyj ; so that not peace , but war—a sanguinary and terrific war—notthe stoppage , but the effuaon of blood , would be the natural results of the threatened intervention . But the Times pants for intervention , because it fears , otherwise , "the triumph of the most execrable revolutionary principles . " The re-organisation of the Swiss compact , and the formation of a "great republican state in the heart of Europe , " would be a consummation most hateful to the despots of the Continent . A triumphant democracy on the French frontier would be anything but welcome to Lows
PmtiprE . On the other aide , Switzerland is too closely allied to Italy not to cause alarm to the suspicious tyrants of Austria , Sardinia , Naples , and Rome . The Swiss democracy must be notthe less hateful to the Prussian despot , for the protection afforded by the cantons to the- exiled German liberals . And of course , naturally and consistently , the Russian autocrat hates all that bears a semblance of freedom , and would only be too happy to assist in Polandising the land of Tell . The English Government affords its countenance to the intervention of the others , because it instinctively dreads the progress of democratic principles . Moved by this spirit , the Tinittdenounces in the same breath the Reformers of this country and those of the Continent : — " The Chartists of England , the Communists of France , the Socialists or llluniinati of Germany , the Carbonari of Italy , or , in other words , the bad and disorderly spirits which exist only for the purposes of anarchy
in all countries , have infected Switzerland with this writs , and the evil has spread . " Thus bellows the Thunderer , " The evil has spread ' . " Let it spread more and more , say we . Forward ! ye friends of liberty and champions of man ' s rights , denounced as " anarchists" by the hired libellers of truth and justice . Forward to the fulfilment of your glorious mission—the rescuing of the nations from ignorance , error , and slavery . If kings combine , and priests confederate , to stay the march of liberty , and check the growth of free thought , do you also combine , you patriots of all nations , in sympathetic co-operation to render nugatory the efforts of the bloodstained chiefs of might and fraud . Yes , the good , the . Kmes libeller has denounced as " evil , " has spread , is spreading , and will spread till the day of triumph for the right arrives : — ' " For the heart and the mind , And the voice of mankind , Shall arise in
communion—And who shall resist that proud union The time is past when swords subdued-Jlan may die—the soul ' s renewM : Even in this low world of care Freedom ne'er shall want anheir j Millions breathe but to inherit Her unconquerable spirit—When once more her hesis assemble , Tyrants shall believe and tremble , "
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , Tor the Week commencing Monday , April 29 ^ , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diary of Actual Operations on five smaUfarms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near HuddersfiekLin order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and Jehn Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Severalprivatemodelfarmsnearthe sameplace . Theconsecutiveoperationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the Bouth with the north of England . The Diary ig aided by "Notes and Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and seasen . which we subjoin .
" The joy of these little ones shall be continually in the hoped-for success of their labours ; their thoughts shallbe turned away from what is evil to that which is good . " Note . —The school farm are cultivated by boys , wh $ mi return for iJiree hours' teaching in the morning give Utree hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benejit , which renders the schools seif-SDPPORitse . We believe t ?« xt at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm ivill be assignedtothe boys , andone-seventhtoifie master , ivho will receive the usual school fees , help the hoys to ctdilvatc tltelr 2 and , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , &c , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-lceep ing , which at Christinas may be divided , after paying rent and levy ttXkbng&l Hutrn hi proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectly to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . " ]
SUSSEX . Moxdav— WUUngdon School . Boys digging up the ground as the rve is removed , and planting potatoes . Eastdean School . Hoys digging , and planting potatoes , hoeing carrots , sorting potatoes , hoeing peas , and gathering weeds . Piper . Prepar ? ing turnip ground , making it as fine as possible . DumbreU . Digging , heifer carrying dang . Tuesday—WUUngdon School . Boys digging rye stubble , planting potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys digging , planting potatoes , sowing carrot seed , gathering weeds , sorting potatoes , riper ,. Preparing turnip ground . Dumbrell . Digging , and planting mangel wurzel seed . Wedxeshat— TPillingdon School . Boys digging rye stubble , for potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys emptying tanks , and applying liquid to the ground
for mangel wurzel , breaking clods . Ptper . rlanting potatoes . DumbreU . Digging , harrowing , and rolling fallow . Thursday— WiUingdon Sclmol . Boys digging rye stubble for turnips . Eastdean School . Boys digging and sowin g carrot seed , manuring with tank liquid , weeding wheat , clearing roots and stones . Piper . Drawing manure for potatoes . BmrAreU . . Digging , Stingiaangel wurzel seed , heifer carrying dung . vS ^ iHr ngdon School Boys digging rye stub-He Carrying manure for Swede turnips Eastdean WtodBow thrashing and cleaning oats , breaking £ offing mote .. /*«¦ ¦ Preparing manure for poSE DnmbreU . Digging , turning dung , ¦ a ^ ssag
Digging . ^^ jBrfftfWwfc- * " ridging it for turnips . COW-FEEDING . . ., , ssastt ' i ^ sarart . ' iftwA
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afterwards with turnips , potatoes , and hay . ivnother cow grazed in the pasture . The heifer stall-fed with potatoes , and hay .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Potatoe Food . —Among other inorganic substauces , the potatoe plant appears to be especially lond of potash , but soda being very much akin in many respects , it may become the substitute of potash . The plant , doubtless , would prefer potash ; but , if absent , will content itself with soda . These substances are contained in the artificial mixture below described ( No . 2 ) . Guano per Acre for Potatoes . —Guano also may be substituted , when really good , for the manure of tlie farm-yard , in this crop . Mix well four or five cwt . of guano , after pounding it to the finest dust , with eight or ten times its bulk of wood-ash charcoal ,
peat charcoal , petash compost , or clay compost , and apply the mixture above the seed , interposing a slight thickness of earth , and cover up as usual . No . 1 . —Professor Johtjstoxe ' s used alone , for one Acre of Potatoes . —Common salt \\ cwt . ; wet lime ( old ) 5 bushels ; mix them well together , and let them remain a week . Then add twenty bushels of wood-ash charcoal ; sulphate of soda * cwt . ; sulphate of magnesia , iewt . ; sulphate of ammonia , 1 cwt . ; peat or saw-dust 1 ton ; coal tar , or gas water , 20 gallons ; work all well together . This mixture , No . 1 , as well as the guano , is placed above the seed , with only a thin layer of earth interposed , and covered with a moderate thickness of soil .
No . 2 . —Saw dust 40 bushels ; potash , mixed with lime U months old , 10 bushels ; common salt 168 lbs . ; sulphate of ammonia 1 cwt . ; sulphate of soda 56 lbs . ; sulphate of magnesia oGlbs . ; coal to ov gas " water 20 gallons . Turn the mixture well over , keep it dry , and allow it to ferment one month ; then strinkle it at the bottom of the drills , and place down the "potato sets , covering as usual . In applying any of these artificial mixtures , expect them not to remain long in the soil to the promotion of following crops . The expense of the application is smallthey act with energy—they come back quickly , in the form of vegetables , and therefore a frequent renewal will be requisite .
Lucerne . —( Seed sown , 20 to 241 bs . to the acre . )—The best time of sowing ia from the latter end of April to the middle of May . The soil ought to be light and dry , well tilled and mixed ; not strong , stony , or clayey ; neither inclined to be wet , nor spongy ; with a chalk or sandy sub-soil , perfectly clean , and especially from couch grass . Fork the land over , going two spits deep , with a carrot fork , its prongs 16 inches long , a little flattened . Dig in plenty of good farm yard manure . Open drills with the hoe , 16 or 17 inches apart , and two inches deep , not more , fit a quill into a hole , pierced through a cork , which , fix in the neck of a wine bottle , dry in the inside . Put your seed into the bottle and scatter it out through the quill in proper quantity , within and along the drills , which cover lightly . This crop ought to be well manured in January , February , or beginning of March , avoiding the use of lime . The grand secret , however , in its cultivation , is in the cleaning of it , by frequent hoeings between the rows .
Treasure Trove , —bt Deep Digging in a Valley , on Beachy Head . —The excessive wet of last winter prevented the best farmers under the Downs from preparing their stiff land for Belgium carrot-seed Were the succeeding continued dry weather prevented the seed from vegetating ; but as the chalk soil absorbs all the rain which falls on it , I was able to sow ten acres of white carrots on Birling , between the middle of March and the middle of April , which fot root to stand the dry weather , and swelled into ulbs with the first rains , many of which exceeded 5 lbs . weight y This enabled eighty sheep , —whjch would according to custom have been sold in the autumn to be fatted elsewhere , —to be kept and fatted at Birling on carrots and other farm produce only ; and a pen of these sheep being found the best
at Hailsham market , January 22 nd , I am tempted to beg the favour of your printing this , to invite other fanners on the chalk soil to try early sowing in case dry weather should again cheek the growth of turnips on the Downs . I must add , it was not only early sowing which gave this useful crop of carrots , for sheep and oxen , which they thrive on better than on turnips , but having the land well dug , two spits deep , one spit under the other , with forks fourteen inches long . This plan answered so well , that I am now employing six men digging the alluvial deposit in a valley for carrots . 1 think , whoever tries even halfan-acre of sipiUar soil , from Salisbury Plain to Dover , will agree with me , that no crock of gold would be of equal value to being able to raise food on wliich to fat the sheep reared on the Downs . —Thoa . Shorter , bailiff of Birling Farm , on Beachy Head .
Seed . —The largest and most perfect grains of all corn should be selected for seed , they containing the most nutriment ( farina ) for the gerni . A good method of obtaining such is to shovel from a heap ( previously well dressed ) , and thrown from a shovel to a few yards distant : the most weighty will be sure to fall first , and are , therefore , the best . This practice is resorted to by intelligent grooms for horses of delicate appetites , to give them much nutriment in a small amount of food . Seed Sowing . — The common practice among fanners , even those that are termed intelligent , is to sow grain thicker upon poor soil than wch . This must be obviously wrong , and experience proves it so . About four years ago , a farmer gave instructions
to the labourer that was to dibble a held tor wheat , to insert two grains into each hole upon a richer portion of the field , and three where the ground was poorer . At the request of a bystander , a few yards of the poorer ground was sowed with only one seed in each hole ; and the result was , that those few yards far outstripped the same quantity of the richer soil in quantity and quality of produce . The soil was all on an equal elevation , or nearly so ; was not too wet , or in want of either a free current of air or a congenial aspect . Where any of these defects occur , labour in all cases should be applied for their remov . il It is useless and a waste to sow three grains for fear of slugs and mildew destroying two ; all run ttie same chance of destruction .
Vermin . —Many fanners are at a considerable expense in cleansing their lands from vermin , driving away and killing crows , sparrows , &c . It would be more to their advantage to send upon freshly ploughed ground a quantity of fowls , ducks , or geese , who would consume the larvse of insects , worms , grabs , slugs , and the seeds of weeds . They would also spread a portion of the richest manure . The fear of damage may be obviated by the attention of boys , or by enclosing them in pens , or under a barred frame , raised about eighteen inches from the ground .
Sheep-Washing . —At a recent meeting of the Royal Agricultural Speiety , a paper , on sheep-wash ing , with a description and model of a pond for washing sheep , by Mr . R . Boyd , Inverleithen , was read by Dr . Mercer . The author is of opinion that sheep in general are most imperfectly washed in this country , and that the process is less understood or attended to than almost any other subject connected with the management of live stock . In proof of this he affirms that it is no uncommon occurrence for fleeces in the process of scouring , for the use of the manufacturer , to suffer a reduction in weight of not less that one-half . The mode of washing sheep ought to be regulated , in no small degree , by the nature anA nronertles of the composition with which they
are salved . Mr . Boyd found that sheep-farmers never washed their sheep in a running stream , but in a pond , corresponding in siee to the number of sheep to be washed . After a few scores had been carefully hand-washed , the water in the pond assumed the appearance of soap suds , when the rest of the sheep were made to run across , and were twice dipped in their passage , by which it was found that the fleeces were completely freed from every kind of impurity , although still of a dusky hue : this also was removed by causing them subsequently to swim across a pool of clear water , by which ttie fleece was rendered of a pure white colour . From repeated experience of the efficacy of this mode of washing , as admirably adapted for flocks which have been salved
with the artificial yolk salve , the author stronglv recommends that a similar method should be practised in Scotland , instead of river washing , that is , merely swimming the sheep across a running stream or gently flowing pool , whieh can have little or no effect on the wool which has been salved with tallow or oil of any kind . For this purpose , he advises that every store fanner should constnict a pond of a size corresponding to the extent of his flock , in a situation not only convenient for collecting the flocks , but where it can be easily filled from some adjoining stream . It sometimes happens that , owing to the nature or the soil in which the prads are constructed , and when animal or vegetable oils have been used ^ m anlvinar without beins Dreviously saponified , tne
alkaline earth in solution with the water , and also that raised from the bottom , is not found to possess sufficient power to saponify the greasy matter contained in the wool . The result in such « i case is anything but satisfactory , but the evil may oe remedied by mixing a quantity of fullers' earth wita the water of the pond . During the o peration oi washing , it is necessary that a small quantity ot wa J * should be kept running into the pond , to supply w " place of what is carried off by the wool of the sheep which have been washed . Having been collected ^ on the margin , the sheep are seized one by one , puuea into the water , turned on their backs , drawn ttom side , to side . < tc . and . after beine dinned over head
and ears , are assisted up the slopin g bank . They ought then to be allowed to stand tor some time tifl relieved , in a great measure , nom the water taken up by the fleeces , and as soon as a slight appearance of steam begins to issue irom their bodies , they ought to be made to swim througn a pool of clear water , as free from current as pos sioie , so that the wool may float loosely around the animal , and allow any remaining impurities to escape , it the pond be filled with water several days , or ratner weeks , before it is required , the change the water undergoes by exposure to the air , will greatly »«¦>» - tate the operation ; and if a quantity of urine , tne larger the better , be thrown into it the morning oi the washing day , it will be found to form , along wji the fullers ' earth , an admirable solution for extri-
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catingBuch substances used in smearing as are of more than ordinai-v difficulty in getting discharged u ? 7 > P ^ w , From numerous experiments the author lmds , that a great advantage arises from the pond being of small size , and the quantity of water consequently . 8 mall-an effect owing to the increased ternpevature of the solution contained in the pond . He also recommends that a solution of soda-ash should be used , as that commodity is now comparatively cheap . It may also , he thinks , bean advantage to have the pond lined with larch deals . By adopting this method of sheep washing , Mr . Boyd has obtained fleeces of great purity and beauty ; and he is of opinion that if generally followed , the Scottish fleece would obtain a character for purity , which , unfortunately , it has not hitherto attained .
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LONDON . Tower Hamlets . —A public meeting was held on Tuesday evening , at the Whittington and Cat , Bethnal-green , to elect two delegates to the ensuing Chartist Convention . Mr . Kirby was called to the chair , and opened the business in a neat and appropriate speech . . Messrs . Mills , Perry , and Illiugsworth proposed then- respective candidates — viz ., Messrs . Davis , Shepherd , and J . Shaw . A poll being demanded Messrs . W . Davis and John Shaw were declared the successful candidates . A vote of thanks ¦ was given to the chairman for Ids impartial conduct , and the proceedings terminated .
City Chamist Hall . —The discussion on the adjouvnecl question , " Whether the Body of the People is sufficiently enlightened to be entrusted with the Franchise ? " was resumed last Sunday morning . The attendance was more numerous than on former occasions , and a very enthusiastic spirit was manifested . Mr . Dwaine opened the question in the affirmative in his usual energetic style . Mr . Dalrymple followed in the negative . Mr . Cooper , in an eloquent and able address , replied to the arguments of Mr . Dalrymple . Mr . Tucker , in a forcible style , reviewed the arguments of the preceding speakers . Other disputants took past in the proceedings , and the subject was adjourned until next Sunday morning .
KILMARNOCK . Mr . M'Grath lectured here on Monday and Tuesday evenings ; on Monday to the Block-printers , and on Tuesday evening to the Chartists of the locality . His subject on Monday evening was the " Benefit of Trade Unions ; " and on Tuesday evening the " Probable results of a full and free Representation of the People , compared with the present narrow and confined system . " He handled his subject well , and gave general satisfaction . The people in general report him to be the best Chartist lecturer that has been in this town ; and Bhould he call again , nota hall in this quarter will hold the numbers that rush to hear him .
CORNWALL . Mr . James Skewes , jun ., of Caniborne , and Mr . James Mur aay Sawle , of Falmouth , were duly elected to represent this county in the ensuing Convention . SHEFFIELD . Os Sunday an animated discussion took place in the Room , Fig-tree-lane ; subject , " would the obtaining of the Land be beneficial to the Trades ? " On the motion of Mr . Holmes , Mr . Henry Taylor was called to the chair . Messrs . James Goodlad , Dyson , Briggs , Gallemore , and Royston took part in the discussion , which was carried on with the utmost decorum . At the close a vote of thanks was given to'the chairman , and the meeting separated . The result of the discussion was the formation of a Land Allotment Society .
WEST RIDING . Delegate Meeting . —This meeting was held at Halifax on Sunday last , when delegates were in attendance from the following places : Halifax , Dewsbury , Littletown , Bh-stall , Bradford , Sowerbv Helm , Hebdenbridge , and Lower Warley . Leeds was represented by letter . Mi . Cole was [ appointed to the chair . The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed , after which the district levies were handed in as follows ;—Halifax , 10 s . ; Hcbden-uridge , 20 s . ; Littletown , 6 s . ; Birstall , 3 s . 4 d . ; Dewsbury , Cs . 8 d . ; Bradford , 2 Cs . 8 d . ; Sowerby Helm , 7 s . 4 d . ; Lower
Warley , 4 s . j Leeds , 10 s . Also the Executive fund , for -which , see general secretary ' s account . Amohg other resolutions , the following was agreed to : — " That Messrs . O'Connor and Doyle , our representatives , be instructed to press upon the Convention the necessity of some practical plan , if possible , being brought forward , to enable those Chartists who are inclined to locate themselves upon the land ; and farther , that they use their influence , &e ., to get the vote of last Conference confirmed or renewed—viz ., that next Conference be hoMen at Leeds , " It was also resolved that this meeting stand adjouvned to the second Sunday in May , at twelve o'clock .
OLDHAM . Lecture . —On Sunday last Mr . Dixon delivered a very instructive and argumentative lecture in the Working Man ' s Hall , Horaedge-street , on the " Rights of Man . " After the lecturer had drawn the attention of his audience to the opinion taught by the rich , that the poorer classes had no rights but the right to labour , and to receive a certain remuneration , he divided his subject into three headsviz ., "Man ' s Natural , Social , and Political Rights . " He handled each in a masterly manner , and his address gave general satisfaction . A vote of thanks was unanimously passed to the lecturer , and the meeting separated , highly delighted .
NOTTINGHAM . Public Meeting for ihe Election op a Delegate to Conference . —On Monday evening last a public meeting of the inhabitants of Nottingham , convened by the Mayor , was held in the Doniocratic Chapel . On the motion of Mr . Widdowson , Mr . Sweet was unanimously elected chairman , and briefly opened the meeting by calling its attention to an article in the Star of the oth inst ., headed " The Forthcoming Convention . " Mr . Widdowson then moved , and Mr , Procter seconded— "That Mr . Henry Dorman be delegated to represent the town and county of
Nottingham m the forthcoming Conference ; " which was carried unanimously , Mr . Dorman thanked the meeting for the honour conferred , and asked them for their instructions upon the Land and Co-opevative . questions , which would most likely occupy the attention of the delegates when assembled . Several persons made some good remarks , when it was unanimously agreed that the delegate should support any plan to employ the people upon the land , and to induce them to become menibers in co-operative stores . Votes of thanks having been given to the Mayor , for convening the meeting , and to the chairman , the meeting dispersed .
BIRMINGHAM . Important Public Meeting . —A highly important meeting of the inhabitants of the town , was held in the Public-office , on Tuesday evening last , for the purpose of forwarding the registration of democratic votes . Mr . Walter Thome , a hzgbly-respeetaWe working wan , was unanimously called to the chair . Resolutions of determination to push the object of the committee were unanimously adopted . The moot ing was ably addressed by Messrs . T . Black , J . Mason , and J . 11 . Wilson , editor of the Pilot . A vote of thanks to the parties that subscribed ' was agreed to , and the meeting broke up .
HAMILTON . Lecture . —Mr . P . M'Grath lectured here on Friday last , in the Rev . Mr . Stoutness church , to a most intelligent audience . —The subject was " Trades ' Unions . "—Thelecturer , however , did not confine him-§ elf to that subject alone , but took a comprehensive view of many of the evils we complain of , in a clear and eloquent manner . He spoke fov upwards oi two hours and through the course of the lecture the ^ audience manifested their approbation in long and loud bursts of applause . Should Mr . M'Grath ever come to Hamilton again he will be warmly received . —Votes of thanks having been given to the chairman , the lecturer , and the managers of the church , the meeting quietly separated .
GREENOCK ELECTION . The Principles of the Charter Triumphant . — On Tuesday last the nomination of candidates for the representation of the inhabitants of Greenock , in place of Mr . Wallace , who has accepted the Chiltern Hundreds , took place in front of the said parish church . Ihe candidates were , Mr . Baine , the late provost of the town ; Mr . A . Dunlop , advocate and assessorfor Greenock ; and Mr . J ohn M'Crae : the two former gentlemen pretended Liberals in politics , and free trade advocates , but divided in opinion on the Maynooth endowment question—the latter gentleman a thorough going Chartist . The whole proceedings were conducted with great propriety and good feeling . The Whig speakers were calmly listened to , and occasional faint cheers given by the few who approved of the sentiments they uttered . During Mr . M ' Crae ' s address , which in the delivery occupied upwards of an hour , he spoke many strong truths in a
homely manner , which were responded to by the hearts and voices of three-fourths of the assembled multitude . When the Sheriff asked for a show of hands fov Mr . Baine , very few indeed were to be seen ; for Mr . Dunlop , perhaps about double the number exhibited for Mr . Baine ; but for Mr . M'Crae , an immense majority . The friends of the defeated candidates having demanded a poll , Mr . M'Crae declared he would not go to it , hut stated , that as a general election would soon take place , the Chartists of Greenock and those favourable to their principles , would reserve their strength till that time , and in the meantime orgamse themselves ,- for which purpose ameeting would immediately be held in the Chartist Church . A vote ot thanks to the Sheriff , and three cheers having been given for Mr . M'Crae , the meeting quietly dispersed at jrtrP ^ S * Wo < ll « ck . The poll between Mr . Baine and Mr . Dunlop takesplace on Thursday . The point p f difference between the two "Liberal" candidates is the policy or impolicy of the Maynooth endowment .
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JOE MILLER THE YOUNGER , with the aid of splendid illustrations , on the iiCth of this month , will cvack Jokus with the Community , and hold up the MlMtOIl of M 0 DE 11 N MIRTH for the reflection of all classes of society , recording the " FROLIC AND THE PUN OF ALL THE WORLD , " and appointing himself Commercial Traveller in Laughter for the great firm of Mankindgetting up the steam for those who travel bt steam , and taking care that there shall be plenty of railway for those who go toy rail . He will also fulfil the ofBce of REGISTER-GENERAL of the ANECDOTES of the NINETEENTH CENTURY ; stbono , although he conies out weekly ; and , notwithstanding that he ie as cheap as THREE HALFPENCE , hoping to frame himself " the dearest friend the Puhlic ever had . " Office , 1 , Crane-court , Fleet-street , and may he had of all Booksellers .
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GREAT NOVELTY IN PERIODICAL LITERATURE . On the First of May next , fTiHE ILLUMINATED MAGAZINE will be issued as X a Bound Volume , without extra charge . The issuing of a Magazine in bound volumes monthly , will remove the great objection to periodical publications when sent out in paper covers . They are always unsightly , are frequently lost by being scattered about , and give an appearance of carelessness and neglect to the drawing-room , or library table , where neatness and elegance of arrangement are so desirable . The plan on which the New Series of the ILLUMINATED MAGAZINE will be issused will obviate these objections ; it will furnish every month , to the book-case or library , A HANDSOME BOUND VOLUME , . ( Price One Shilling and Sixpence ) in small 8 vo ., which will be enriched with the best Artistic and Literary Talent of the day .
' Yolume IV . of the Old Series , containing the last Six Months' Parts , is now ready , handsomely bound in cloth , giit . JPrice 11 s . Sets may be perfected , and covers to b «« l v < j 18 . had at the Office , and of all Booksellers . ¦ ';¦ ' Office , No . 1 , Crane-court , Fleet-street , London .
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BANKRUPTS . { from Friday ' s Gazette , ApriLW . ) William Poynter , St . Paul ' s Churchyard , warehouse man—George Payne , King-street , Covent-garden , tailor-Thomas Arlington , Kingslund , com-merchant—Thomas Forty , Richmond , Surrey , hotel-keeper—Alexander Horatio Simpson and Peter Hunter Irvin , Blackfriars-road , engineers—Randell P . Litten , Newmarket-place , Churchroad , Kingsland , grocer—James Home , Woodstock-mews , Blenheim-street , New Bond-street , veterinary surgeon—Hezekiah Denby Coggan , Friday-street , City , warehouseman— William Emans , Warwick-square , Newgate-street , bookseller—John Pritchard , Lilleshall , Shropshire , builder —James Winscombe , Bristol , bootmaker—John Blackmoor , Rotherham , Yorkshire , builder .
BANKRUPTS . fJYom Tuesday ' s Gazette , Apvil 15 th , 1845 . J Kenrick Frederick Alexander Hampson , Walnut-treewalk , Lambeth-walk , gas-fitter—William Jones , Stamfordstreet , commission-agent—William Hodgkinson , Westonstreet , Fentonville , slater—Joseph Jaryis and James Jarvis , Great Bush-lane , Gannon-street , City , wine-merchants —Job Bradshaw , St . Alban ' s , Hertfordshire , draper—John Morgan Leader , Oxford-street , coach-makei "—John Wool , lams , Charles-street , Manchester-square , builder—Preston Barker , Shelton , Staffordshire , publican —John Jones Pinchbeck , Lincolnshire , butcher—William Biruhull Pattison , Liverpool , currier—Thomas Stewerd Dodd , Liverpool , innkeeper—William Whitakev Spcnce , Kewcastleupou-Tyne , woollen-draper—Joseph JobHng Ayton , South Shields , Durham , linendraper—William Wilshere Benn , Liverpool , merchant — Hannah . Overeml , ClecKUeaton , Yorkshire , card-makev .
DECLARATIONS 01 " DIVIDENDS . J . T . Jfaund , Birmingham , laceman , first dividend of 2 s 6 d in the pound , any Saturday , at the office of Mr , Edwai'ds , Fvederiek ' s-plaee , Old Jewry . T . Tempest , Leeds , grocer , first and final dividend of 5 s in the pound , to those creditors who have proved their debts since the last dividend , any Tuesday , at the onice of Mr . Fearne , Leeds . F . Parker , Rotherham , Yorkshire , seed-crusher , final dividend of 6 id in the pound , and dividend of 8 s Sid in the pound upon new proofs , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Fearne , Leeds . O . P . Wathen , Woodchester , Gloucestershire , clothier , iirst and final dividend of !) Jd in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Kynaston , Bristol . T . "Watt , Euncorn , Cheshire , bone-merchant , dividend of 2 s 5 jd in the pound , Tuesday , April 23 , and any subsequent Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Fraser , Manchester . T . Keavsley , Runcovn , Cheshire , bone-merchant , dividend of 6 s 8 d in the pound , Tuesday , April vO , and any subsequent Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Fraser , Manchester .
T . Kearsley and T . Watt , Runcorn , Cheshire , bone-merchants , dividend of 8 } d in the pound , Tuesday , April 2 !> , and any subsequent Tuesday , at the office of iVIr , Fraser , Manchester . J . S . Carter and R . Cornforth , Liverpool , merchants , third dividend of 8 | d in the pound , any Monday , at the office of Mr . Bird , Liverpool . J . F . Cork and J . L . De Carle , New Bond-street , coachbuilders , first dividend of 6 s in the pound , Wednesday next , and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . T . G . Postati , Aldersgate-street , appraiser , final dividend of 3 s 2 Jd in the pound , Wednesday next , and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mi \ Turquand , Old Jewry . 3 . 11 . Stringer , llounsditch , wholesale doOiier , final dividend of 6 Jd in the pound , Wednesday next , and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . , B . Perkins and S . Woolley , Stamford , Lincolnshire , drapers , first dividend of 6 s 2 d in the pound , Wednesday at the office of lur
next and two following Wednesdays , . Turquand , Old Jewry . S . Blllingsley , jun ,, Harwich , merchant , first dividend of 4 s 3 d in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . J . Nutter , Cambridge , miller , second dividend of Id in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . G . F . Smith , Gutter-lane , crape-manufactnrer , first dividend of 2 s 6 d in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . L . D . Smith , GutteiUano , ei'a ^ ejnanufaeturw , fivst dividend of 3 s in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry . S . T . Watson and W . Byers , Skinner-street , City , woollen-warehousemen , first dividend of 2 s in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turqunnd , Old Jewry . W . G . Kelson , Canterbury , builder , first dividend of Cd in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdavs , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry .
J . E . Vardy , Portsmouth , linendraper , first dividend of 2 s in the pound , Wednesday next and two following Wednesdays , at the office of Mr . Turquand , Old Jewry .
DIVIDENDS . May 7 , P . Spfcper , High Holborn , tailor—May 7 , W . II . Colt . Long Melford , Suffolk , grocer—May 6 , Vf . Morris , Long-lane , Bermondsey , leather-dresser—May 8 , W . Pringle , Morpeth , Northumberland , carrier—May 8 , J . Blake , Sunderlnnrt , iiardwareraan—May 8 , W . Caton , Preston , Lancashire , ironmonger—May 8 , J . II . Heron , Manchester , cotton-spinner—Jlay 8 , C . J . Banister , Derby , linendraper . Certificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting . May G , J . Beard , Beptford , builder—May 8 , J . North , Map ' s-road , Stepney-green , victualler—May G , T . Smith , sen ., Minto-street , Bermondsey , wool-manufacturer—May 8 , J . T . Gibbons , Eton , Buckinghamshire , grocer—May 6 ,
3 . Peters , Godstone , Surrey , farmer—May 7 , W . H . Colt , Long Melford , Suffolk , grocer—May 8 , L . Davis , Ewhurst , Sussex , wine-agent—May 7 , J . P . Yallop , Durham-street , Hackney-road , carpenter—May 7 , S . A . Fleethain , Hartlepool , grocer—May 8 , W . Knight , Manchester , oil cloth manufacturer—May 8 , S . Turner , Bolton-le-Moors , ironfounder—May 27 , J , Wood , Barnsley , Yorkshire , linen , manufacturer—May 9 , W . Benbow , Liverpool , merchant—May 6 , N . J . Kempe , Liverpool , shipowner—May 6 , E . L Robinson , Moulton , Lincolnshire , fellmonger—May 6 , J . Foii-fix , Leamington Priors , printer —May 6 , C . Cash , Wliitecnapel-road , ironmonger—May 6 , J . Argent , Golden , lane , Barbican , victualler—May 6 , T . R . Withers , Humbridge , Hampshire , merchant—May 6 , M . Tomkinson , Kidderminster , linendraper—May C , E . Beek , Tiverton
cabinet-maker
PAETNEBSniPS DISSOLVED . G . Wouldhave and A . T . Sanden , Leeds , tailors—R . H . Matthews and J . II . Strickland , Seymour-street , Portmansquare , surgeons—T . and W . Prentice and J . W . and G . Stevens , Stowmarket , Suffolk , brewers ; as far as regards T . and W . Prentice , R . J . S . Robins , S . E . S . Carp «» ter , and T . Robins , Tavistock , attorneys-D . Baron , R . Bridge , J . Maden , and H , Akroyd , Throstle-mill , Lancashire , cotton-spinners—T . Shenton and S . BUls , Strangeways-J . Gower and W . Palletr , High-street , Newington-butts , drapers-T . Ratnett and B . Beales , Cambridge , tailors-J . Turner and T . L . Greenwood , Cross-street , Hatton-garden , nlacard exhibitors-R . Holmes and E . Moore , Manchester , foiners-B . Weikersheim , J . Brandeis , W . Webb . and S . hamchemists ittle andTR
Barker , Birming , —W . J . L . . Hearle , Devonport , attorneys-W . and B . M . Freer , attorueys-J . Ainsworth , R . Nutter and J . Byrom , Pitbank , Oldham , Lancashire , coal proprietors—T ., £ ¦ *•¦ , " •{• E . Phillips , Uttoxeter , woolstaplers-J . Fergusson and H . R . Pooley , St . Martin ' s-lane , wooUen-drapers-J . and W . Brown , G fcardifr ; ship-brokers-H . Herbert andERobin . «^^ = te&tS « : Ki ^ - ^ SS Hull ship-Duiiaej-s-T . Ry lsmd and G . Mea ^ urst , luilorei ?«* Ktesix&SEyss ^ L ^ fmaRters—T . ani W . P . Sherley , Bedford , grocers—1 ! andEi Munleyv Burnley ; Lancashire , grocers-J . Gib . son and T . MwrjWpside , Bilk-jnanufMturers .
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Astonishing Cure of a Confirmed Litir Comflaixt by Uolloway ' s Pills . —Mrs . Mary Sanferd , residing in Leather-Jane , Holborn , had been labouring for five years under the effects of a diseased liver , which produced indigestioii , sick head-aches , dimness of sight , lownoss of spirits , irritability of tem per * drowsiness , occasional swelling of the body and leas , with genera ] debility . She attended the hospitalafor about three years , but only got worse , and " reeoY « y appeared hopeless , - but yet , wonderful toreiate , 8 he was in two months restored to perfect health by means of the above extraordinary medicine .
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Loxdom Cokn Exchange , Monday , Apbil 41 . — The arrivals of English wheat , oats , beans , and peas wore very small during the past week , butof barley a fair quautity , and of malt alarge supply came to hand coastwise . From Scotland a few parcels of barley and oats were received , and from Ireland a moderate quantity of the latter grain . The foreign arrivals consisted of a cargo of barley from Antwerp , about 8000 qvs . of oats , principally from Holland , and . a few beans and peas . At this morning ' s market there was a small show of wheat by land-carriage samples from the home counties ; only a moderate display of barley and oats , and very few beans or peas ottering . The temperature lias slightly risen of late , and during the last few days frequent showers have fallen , whieh must prove very beneficial to the Lent crops just committed to the ground . There was a slightly improved demand for wheat to-day , factors were , however , unable to establish aziyadvanee , but at last
Monday ' s currency a fair clearance was made . In free foreign wheat , tlie transactions . were not very extensive , but the article could scarcely be bought on as easy terms jis on this day se ' nnight .. Flour met with little attention and quotations underwent no change . The inquiry for barley was languid in the extreme , and to have made much progress in sales rather less money must have been accepted . Malt was likewise difficult of disposal , and the turn cheaper . The principiil oat buyers acted with great caution , in expectation of further foreign arrivals ; factors were nevertheless firm , and needy purchasers had to pay quite as much money for good com as on this day week . Beans sold readily and realised fully previous terms . Peas oi all descriptions were in request , and in partial instances more money was paid for handsome Maples . The season for sowing clover seed in drawing to a close , and prices have some time tended downwards . The demand for tares is also falling off , and in other sorts of seeds , calces , < fcc ., there was not much passing to-day .
CURRENT PRICES OP GEAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s s s Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 42 49 White 50 55 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 49 51 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 55 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 46 49 Rye Old 31 82 New 30 32 Brank 35 3 fr Barley Grinding . . 26 28 Distil . 29 31 Malt . 32 35 Malt Brown .... 54 56 Pale 57 61 Ware 62 64 Beans Ticks old & new 32 34 -Harrow 33 38 Pigeon 38 40-Peas Grey 34 35 Maple 35 37 White 36 38 Oats Lincolns & Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s si Per 280 lb . net . s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Norfolk & Stockton 32 33 Essex and Kent .... 34 35 ] Irish S 4 35 Free . Bond .
Foreign . s s as Wheat , Lantsic , Konigsburg , < tc S 3 58 36 Si Marks , Mecklenhurgr ........ 48 62 32 34 Banish , Holstein , and Friesland red 44 46 26 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft 48 f > 0 28 32 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Umlrkd . . 30 32 21 22 Barley , Grinding . 26 27 Malting . . 32 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 34 Egyptian . 33 34 24 28-Peas , White . . 36 38 Maplo . . 38 35 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 21 Russian feed , 21 22 15 W Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 26 19 20
London Smitiifield Cattle Market , Monday . April 14 . —In the past week the imports of live stock from abroad nave consisted of about fifty oxen and cows , by steamers , from Rotterdam . These arrivals having proved of very superior qualityalthough some of them were slightly affected with the prevailing epidemic—they have commanded a steady inquiry , at improved currencies , some of them having changed hands at £ 20 . per head . To-day we had on sale only ten foreign beasts , the above importations being mostly disposed of on Friday last . Fresh up from our own counties , only moderate time-ofyear supplies of beasts came to hand to-day—there being about 200 lesson offer than on this day se ' nnight —while a decided falling off was apparent in their general quality . The dead markets being well cleared
of their late arrivals , and the attendance of both town and country buyers numerous , the beef trade was somewhat active , at an improvement in the currencies obtained on Monday last of 2 d per 81 b—the primest Scots readily producing 4 s to 4 s 2 d per 81 b , at which a good clearance was eftected . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire we received about 1 C 00 Scots , and lioniebreds ; while tlie receipts from the northern grazing districts amounted to 200 short-horns ; from the western and midland counties 400 Ilerefords , runts , Dcvons , &c . ; from other parts of England 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland 90 horned and poled Scots ; the remainder of the bullock supply being chiefly derived from the neighbourhood of the metropolis . The numbers of sheep were moderately extensive , yet a scarcity of really prime old Downs was noticed . The mutton trade
was , on the whole , active , at an enhancement on last week ' s figures of 2 d per 81 b , the primest old Downs realising 4 s 8 d per 81 b . From the Isle of Wight , 76 lambs came fresh to hand per railway ; while , from other quarters , the receipts were moderate . The lamb trade was firm , at prices fully equal to those obtained on Friday . The supply of calves was small ; yet the veal trade was dull cat Barely stationary prices . In pigs we have very few transactions to report , and . the quotations were with difficulty supported . By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d : Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 6 2 10 Second quality . . . . 3 0 3 4 Prime large oxen .... 3 6 3 10 Prime Soots , &c 4 0 4 2 Coarse inferior sheep . . . 3 0 3 4 Second quality . . . . 3 C 3 10
Prime coarse woolled . . . 4 0 4 2 Lambs 4 8 6 0 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ) 3 10 4 2 Ditto ( in the wool ) ... 4 4 4 8 Large coarse valves . . . 3 C 4 2 Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each . . . IS 0 30 0 Largehogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers . . . 3 8 4 0 Qnnrtev . ola store pigs , each . . 10 0 20 0 11 EAD OP CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 796—Sheep and Lambs , 27 , 730—Calves , 32—Pigs , 317 . British asd Foreign Wool Market , April 14 . — The imports of wool into London , in the past week , have been small . In the private contract market
only a limited business has been transacted in foreign wools , yet prices have been steadil y supported . For English qualities there is more inquiry , at folly previous currencies ; no sales are yet announced . Manchester Corn Market , Satuhdav , April 12 . The flour trade , since our last report , has continued in a state of inactivity , as previously noted , so little business having transpired m that article as to render quotations altogether nominal . A moderate consumptive demand has been experienced for both oats and oatmeal , without change in prices . At our market this morning wheat was in extremely limited request , but we cannot vary our previous quotations . In flour there was very little passing , ami we must again note prices nominal . With a steady demand for oats and oatmeal , the value of each was fully maintained . No change can be reported in beans .
Liverpool Cokn Market , Monday , April 14 . — There hare been good supplies of British wheat , oats , flour , and oatmeal this week , but of foreign produce only two cargoes of Egyptian beans and one of Dutch oats are reported . We are yet unable to report any tiling like activity in the com trade . The demand for wheat has been quite limited , and all descriptions have given way in value Id to 2 d per bushel since this day se ' nnight . Sack flour , with a dull sale , has declined 6 d to lsper sack . Oats and oatmealhaveeach been held with more firmness ; fair Irish mealing oats have commanded 2 s lid , and fine Scotcli 3 s 3 d to 3 s 4 d per 45 lbs . There is no alteration to observe in the value of either barley , beans , or peas . Liverpool Cattle Market , MosnAV , Apbil 14 . — The supply of cattle at market to-day was smaller
than last week , the greatest portion of which was sold at an advance in price . Beef 5 * d . to 6 d ., mutton 6 d . to 6 Jd . per lb . —Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 7 th to the 14 th April : —15 S 4 cows , 6 calves , 304 . 5 sheep , 242 lambs , 10 , 117 pigs , 16 horses . Leeds Cloth Markets . —Goods of a fine and middle quality continue in demand , but the manufacturers still complain that prices are scarcely remunerative , owing to the high price of wool , which can scarcely be expected to be lower until a supply of new comes to market . On the whole , the markets can hardly be considered average ones for the season , but perhaps this may be partly attributable to the unsettled state of the weather . Leeds Cobn Market , Tuesday , April 16 . —We
; have moderate arrivals of all grain this week , and . there is an indifferent show of wheat for this day's market ; the trade is nevertheless very dull , the demand is quite inactive , and last week ' s rates are barely supported . Barley continues exceedingly dull , but in prices there is not much variation . Oats come sparingly to hand , and make full prices , Beans arealso firm in value , and in fair request . York Corn Market , April 12 . —Yy ^ have hattei ^ fair supply of all grain to this day ' s mdrket . KWheat . / ^ v met a dull sale , at last week ' s prioes . fiBarleyisrJwii ^^/ \ s demand , at rather less money .. 0 at 8 ' rarid- 'beanB'ia "' - " ¦ I before .. .. ¦ . .... . > t i-t * & * g $ . ) S % itBl Malton Corn Market ,- ApRiil& ^^ e } Iwe . a ^; i ;^!!« good supply of all grain offering to this dSjr ' a ^ ma ^ tet . ' V ¦ ££ ' "* ¦ & > Wheat heavy sale at last : week ' s , priced .-: vla . tertey ^ W ^ £ ¦ t-l and oats no alteration . iWheat ,. ttiHL iii .- to '' 48 fci ^ &i h «^ white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per ^ Mi ^^ Sm ^ S ^ W % *! & to 3 b . per 32 at , Oats , 10 d , to l ^ ftii ^^ k -: : r ^ mrn ^
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Jftai'ftet Mmisence
jftai'ftet Mmisence
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Untitled Article
Arm , 19 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1311/page/7/
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