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THE SOUTHERN STAJi SATURDAY, MAY 2i, 1845.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE HYDRAULIC RAILWAY . ( From tia Liverpool Times . J An invention , under the above title , has been explained to ns by the patentee , who is now in the neighbourhood , and it appears to be a system of propulsion . which merits more attention than it has thus far received . If tne pretentions it lays claim to are justly founded , and the inventor offers to substantiate his statements , the day cannot be very far distant when a few enterprising men will take up the system ,. and , without incurring anything like the amount" of expenditure that might be anticipated , will bhn » it prominently before the public ; and this , as far as we can judge , seems all that is rcanired to
make it a subject of much interest to the railway world . An invention that , apparently on the fair use of figures and scientific data , offers a more powerful propulsive agent than any now existing ; that promises a steady hi gh speed at a very trifluv cost in working expenses ; and which , from its power to ascend with facility steep inclines ( much steeper than any now m use ) , will save so large a portion of that heaviest item in the construction of a railwayearthworks , " &c ., as not only to pay for the first cost ot putting down the apparatus , but also to leave a large balance in hand besides , cannot'long want jhends in the present railway mania ; wKeft it is once tally known . But independently of the inability of the patentee to " move" liisinvention , itaonearsnot
unlikely tnat the onward progress of tjus system inav hare been retarded from another causa , " namely—that against which nearly all leading inventions , which have not been at first strongly supported , have had for a time to straggle ; we mean erroneous impressions . Infliis respect , lromwhat we learn , the hydraulic . railway appears to have had its full share . The most monstrous and crude impressions have been abroad , and the most ridiculous notions on the subject of . the " adaptation . " of hydraulic power to the purposes of the system , circulated , even in leading Suartepv tt has been attempted . to dupe the public into « ie beuef ( 1 that brick towers , . hundred feet in height , erected along the line one-eighth of amile apart , or that huge vertical cast metaTniiDes . of the
same vertical elevation , about seventy yards apart , were part , anl parcel of the system ; whereat , if anything in the invention deserves peculiar commendation , it is in dispensing with all unwield y apparaiBB , and throwing the propulsive agent under Tery forcible pressure in the " power storers" without ever raising it even six feet above the railwaythat iv where natural fells of water from sufficient elevations do not occur ; and Mr . Shuttlevrortb . feels the position of his invention so strong , and calculates M little on frequent occurrences of these natural supplies of power , that he proposes , wherever they are found , to consider them as " windfalls" in favour of the system . The invention , when once clearly understood , is Tery simple . The patentee proposes to use a Cornish ateam-engme , about one quarter of the power of that used on the atmospheric principle , for a similar length of way ( threemiles ) . but workine both linns of
ot rails . Wifli ttiswwer he seems to show fairly by figures , that he shall be able to " charge" a series of his propulswa receivers , or power storers , with the requisitequantity of water to drive over each section of the 1- e . Now , these power-storers are something like tru ... ^ ied steam-boilers , and will be made of thin wrought iron , coated inside with asphalte , to render them , perfectly air and water tight ; and before they are first used , air , equal to a pressure of about fire atmospheres , will be pumped into them as a Constant permanent pressing and which will not require renew $ l fas it wJl always ^ above the water , which wffl ^ ver be all enfarelyrejected . These power-^ ers a te to icrerre their subjacent charges of water fe ?^ ° - ^ "Pstent action of the engine , Z" « % intervals between the , passing of SL ^ i ^* bence . *> - «» Il PortioTof the fS / ^ t ^ m . is deriyeS : But there SfefK ^ tf 2 . « f ae * hole - The ^ SSSffife * ? f «««» . e « 4 « f these power-H » 5 toS yitS ^ I ^ Powerful locomo tive * v » , w ^ piy rt consuntiy ^ ^ ^^ ^^
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of a railway would be an absolute waste of power ; it is , therefore , used only according to the exigencies of the case ; and where a waiving One could be fully developed in any given locality , it would be applied over one-sixth of five length of the line only ; that is , up steep inclines , say rising 1 in 20 , the power would be applied , but down gradual and much extended inclines , falling 1 in 100 , the trains would be projected b y the united powers of gravity and momentum , without any loss of speed , and without the aid of any propelling apparatus . Few localities would occur in which this waiving line could not be carried out to a great extent , and an undulating country is better for the development of the hydraulic system than one perfectly level ; the latter case , however , is one of
very unfrequent occurrence . The inclines would in every instance be made longer or shorter , according to the physical character of the country , and , in fact , the system would be as near as possible adapted to the locality . The manner in which the hydraulic power is applied , behind the travelling piston in the p ipe , which propels the tram , seems to be borrowed from the steam-engine , being by a throttle valve , so that the whole power can be turned on flush , or the water wire-drawn to any extent . By this simple arrangement , combined with the gradual opening of the valve , all shock or jerk is completely obviated when a fresh supply of power is thrown upon the piston as it is travelling along with the train . We have thus given a geueral sketch of the iuvention for the information of our readers , but being , ol course , a system—not a single machine or tool—it
Avould require more space than we can spare to go through the whole of the detail . Its leading characteristics , as will be gathered from the foregoing , appear to be—first , great power , so as to dispense with all tunnelling and heavy earthworks , and make the new railways which may adopt the system approximate in some degree , as regards gradients , in character , to the more recent and better planned of some of our turnpikes . " , Up inclines of 1 in 20 it is proposed to drive . trains of From sixty to eighty tons , being equal to trains of from 85 to . 110 tons withlocomotivesandtenderaattaohed . Secondly , great economy in working expeuses , and also in constructing a new line . These appear to us to be features in the invention of the very first importance . Thirdly , a regular high speed ; and fourthly , safety in the trams from running off the line , from collisions , and from fire .
The Southern Staji Saturday, May 2i, 1845.
THE SOUTHERN STAJi SATURDAY , MAY 2 i , 1845 .
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IRELAND . —— "Alas ! poor country , Almost afraid to know itself . " Lord Pwisseii very aptly styled the chronology * of the old ooronghmongeringhistory an " old ahu | nack : " and limited the time , beyond which memory goeth not , to the passing of the Reform Act . As regards Ireland , however , we may include the short period from the passing of Emancipation to the enactment of the Reform Bill as a portion of the history of the country , and Mr . O'Conxeii , as the moving power to give effect , for good or for evil , to those
two gigantic measures : gigantic in their . capabili ties , but stunted in their performance . In the debate of Tuesday night , on the Maynooth grant , Mr . BEtxEwmost faithfully represented the Catholic feeling of Ireland , in the following short but pithy terms : — "He could not , however , refrain from telling tlie House that many yean would not elapse before it must come to a decision upon the territorial relations ixisting between the Protestant Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic occupiers of thesoU .-for they migh take his word for it , tJtat the Protestant Church Establishment vms at the bottom of all the grievances of hdand . "
Now , those are words of wisdom , words of truth , and words of warning ; words that we have printed and repeated times without number . Not so much to the amount of spoil as to the mode . and manner of upholding its dominion , is the hatred to tkeW-church to be ascribed . The amount annually paid , —somewhat under a million and a half , —is but the nest-egg whereon the old hen has laid her prolific " overy ! The amount of monies wrung from the Catholic peasantry by the expensive process of Ecclesiastical Courts , Bishop ' s Court , Process of Citation , Quarter Sessions , Court of Exchequer , and Court of Chancery , exceeded the stipulated Church dues by more than five-fold its amount : and these "by-gones " still rankle in the Catholic mind ; By returns made
to the House of Commons in 1833 of law expenses incurred in the recovery of m oney lent to the starving parsons of Ireland by the people of England , it appeared that the cost of recovering five farthings of tithe amounted to over one hundred pounds : and this was not an isolated case . The present Mr . Justice iPerrix , in his unrivalled speech upon the tithe question , , cited numerous cases of equal atrocity . In whatever form the flesh-wound may present itself , the core , the root , the cause of Ireland ' s woes , is the Protestant State Church Establishment and until every trace of its recollection becomes part and parcel of " old almanack history" there never can be , there never ought to be , and if we can help it , " THKRK SEVER SHAM , BE , PKACB IN IRELAND . "
a an evil use is made of power , men are but too apt to underrate its value . Hence , because but little good was accomplished by the Emancipation Bill , and not much more by the Reform Act , have men considerably underrated the value of those two measures , charging upon legislation evils which properly belong to popular apathy . Emancipation and Reform were but intended as means to an end ; and we are now about to consider , as far as Ireland isconceractl , the « nds to which Mr . O' CossEU ,, with the enormous power possessed by him , has applied those gigantic means . If Emancipation meant anything , it meant the
removal of the State Church burthen from Catholic shoulders . It did not mean the commutation of parsons' tithe into landlords' rent-charge , whereby the said landlords , whether resident or absentee ^ ' were enabled to rob the resident parsons of twenty-five per cent , of their income , upon no better pretext than that of furnishing the landlords with a le&s irritable , more easy , and less expensive mode of collecting the whole hundred per cent , from the Catholic payer . The three memorablo days of the French revolu tion conferred an amount of strength upon the English reformers which insured the success of their
measure , while the Reform Bill itself placed ai the disposal of Mr . O'Co . vvEtLan amount of power never before wielded by any single individual ; and what lias been the use he has made of his giant strength ? Hismottohaseverbeen : " givemebutan instalment of justice and I will take Ireland ' s ' debt inmerefractional proportions . " The Irish people , as early as March , 1831 , began to look for " the inward and spiritual grace" of Catholic Emancipation . A great majority of the Protestant landlords , whose estates had been converted into Church security by the Tithe Commutation Bill of Mr . Goulbubn ,
joined the Catholic people loudly and lustily for the total abolition of tithe 3 . They took the significant words of Lord Sx&xlst as their guide . The noble lord , when taunted with having done nothing for Ireland , after enumeratingtheseveralbenefitsthatweretoflow to Irelandfrom Reform , added , and we hate aboushed XTTHES , ASD FOR EVER . CaIL T . OU IHAT N 0 IHIN 6 ? Were not those talismanic words , and well calcu lated to rouse a less exciteable people to their realisa tion ? Ireland accordingl y aroused in its might . Catholic holders of the soil and Protestant possessors
joined in the anti-tithe crusade . Meetings—" monster meetings "—were held in every parish , barony , town , and county . The leading spirits were incarcerated , or threatened , while many of the bravest were privately consigned to the cold grave : Hobneit , Rokatxe , Hekkesset , and countless others , acting upon the command of the Liberator , preferred the dungeon to the violation of orders ! They refused to pay their tithes ; they headed the people in their assault on the Protestant church , and were incarcerated ; Fgabods O'Connor and the gallant Capt , Stoweix , both Protestants , were arrested and
indicted as the prime movers In the conspiracy against the Protestant church . Poor Siowell sent two zealous priests to ensure the professional services of Mr . O'CosNEtL . The learned gentleman took the fee , but withheld the service ; and the consequence was , that when the late Chief Baron Woulfe told Stowkll that there was a transportable count in the indictment against him and O'Connor , Siowell ( who had been recently married ) took to bis bed , and died of a brain fever in forty-eight hours ; and thus did Ireland Io 3 e one of the mo 3 t intrepid champions
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of her liberty . O'Coshor was tried , and acquitted . At the moment that the Government was about to yield to the national demand ; when every-soldier in Ireland was " used up" from fatigue ; when the people were of one mind , and when the crowning "monster" meeting was to have been held at Ballinasearthy , Mr . O'Conxku . sent over Ids missive to abandon all further Tithe agitation , upon the pretext that Lord Plunkeii had administered some soothing emollient in his speech in the House of Lords . This abandonment of the ' vantage ground was the signal
for Government persecution : and , as we have stated , the leaders were arrested and many of them ruined . It has ever been the policy of Mr . O'Conxell to rouse the popular mind to the point of accomp lishment : and then to show his power by " whooping " the eagles from their carrion . Thus , Mr . O'Cox . vell fastened the tithe impost round the neck of the Catholics . Millions were expended in residing tithes in compliance with his order—to resist all payment of tithes ; while he was the first to discharge his " obligations" to the church .
This anti-tithe crusade was fostered to aid in carrying the Reform Bill . The Reform Bill was carried : and Mr . O'Conxell had , as the first instalment of the measure , forty-two Repeal members at his back , who would have died upon the floor of the House of Commons at his mere bidding . This was such a force as no party ever possessed before . The Irish members met , and determined to avoid all minor questions , and to concentrate their united force on the great question of Repeal . Ireland was " up to the mark , " and ready to back her leaders to the death . The Irish members were . strictlv
prohibited from taking any part in minor questions . When the first debate upon the question was over , Mr . O'CoNSEiiaakedfov " simple justicefor Ireland . " He said that a Tralee tailor and a Kildare cooper had authorised him to abandon the Repeal . He proclaimed this two-thirds of Tooley-street power in Liverpool ; and the gaping- crowd threw up their caps and shouted "justice ! " He made a tour through England and Scotland , and . the very air through whichhe passed wasredolent of "justice . " "Justice to Ireland ? floated upon every passing breeze . The whole people of the three kingdoms were at his back : the middle , classes were in his arms : he had only to march to Charing-cross , and to proclaim a new '
constitution ; but instead , lie ticketed himself for sale ; lie advertised his terms in his letters to Lord Descansox , the . then Homo Secretary . He sold , or got rid of , twenty-nine of the forty-two Repealers , SCearing every member of his ovna family and his nearest connexions in patent places that : aid ' not depend upon a change of Ministry : he established a Precursor Association , principally for the purpose of allowing the more wealthy Repeal members to sell themselves to the Government / for honour , distinctions , and titles ; and the principle by which that association was governed was— "justice . tolreland " upon the instalment principle ; and to the' measures to be achieved by the association we will now direct attention .
Mr . O'CojHfELLsaid : " govern Ireland like : Yorkshire , and you may call her ' West Britain ; ' place us upon a political equality with the people of England , and we will be satisfied . " Butwhen he returned to England , he divided the two classes , into the slaveclass and the master-class , telling the people that as long as they were deprived of the franchise they must beslaves ; and yet he . sought for no more ' than this slavish equality for the Iriak people .. . He drew up and signed with Ms own hand the resolutions upon which the people ' s Charter was based , and said , to his workingmencoadjutora : "there , take that ; it
contains your rights ; rest not satisfied with anything less . " Other measures of his" justice" was a ; good Jury Bill , a good Libel Law ; anda Municipal Cooperation Bill , as extensive as was conceded to England and Scotland . These were some of the "instalments " demanded of the debt due to . Ireland ; but before all , the appointment of Irishmen to . all pffices of emolument- , aud the question , we now ask Mr . O * CoNNEi , r , is simply this : durinjj the tenyeara that his Whig friends held , office , did he . venture to ask , or did . they dare to offer as large an install ment of the debt due to Ireland as Sir Robeui
Peel has bid in the present session ? And we further ask him , whether ; all unitedly are as a drop in the ocean when compared with Sir Robkri Peel ' s proposed Educational . Bill ? No ; , j ? iot all put | together . The Maynooth grant , although an astounding instance of the Prune MinWs boldness and capacity , which Mr . O'CossELtchcetfuuy ' acoepijs . is at variance with his oft-repeated ieclaration , that the Catholic priesthood should never be bribed by theState ; whiletheAcademicalBill , uhtrammelledby spiritual interference , is the very principle , for which
through life he has contended , and the want ofiwliich was the very principle upon which the KUdatc-street Educational Plan was denounced . This very . system of mixing up theological interference with secular education has been the one most denounced by Mr , O'Conkeli , and his party : and now that the Prime Minister offers the secular che&e without the theological grindstone , the Agitator saya—f'No j touch mt pocket , touch mylife- ^ -take backyour nasty cheesethe ignorance of a people is the tyrant ' s best title to power ; the education of a people is tneir title to freedom . "
The Repeal agitation was got . up in . 1832 to mar the effectfof the Reform Bill . It was abandoned in 1836 to purchase patronage ' from the Whigs . It was renewed in 1840 and 1841 , to aid them in holding powr against the wi } i of the English people . It was resuscitated in 1843 to replenish the exchequer ,- and to increase the tribute ; and it is tetiewed in 184 & to enable Mr . O'Conkell to select from the measures of Sir HoBEHi Jeel , which should . be taken as a whole , those portions which would perpetuate strife and discontent , and to reject those which , with the assistance of the great and glorious Father Maihew , would lead to the establisliment of a sound national mind , which would confer "Ireland upon the Irish , " instead of pouring her pauper-resources into the lap of a national juggler .
We shall now show that even our greatest enemies are compelled , though indirectly , to support the principles of the People ' s Charter . , Let it beunderstood , that while some may dread its influences upon the sationai miad , none dare deny the value of education . Here , then , is . our reasoning . The Minister . says : "I will build and endow schools for the instruction of the youth of Ireland . I will neither force any peculiar creed upon the students , nor will I make religion an apple of discord . I will reserve to myself and successors the powerof
preventing such a result . " "No , " saysMr . O'Comnkll , I dare not denounce education , though I fear if but the heads of the Catholic Church , and not you ! must have the patronage . Now then , how , under those circumstances , can the benefit of edition be conferred without danger to the Catholic youth of Ireland ? We will tell Mr . O'CoNNEL t-only b y the enactment of the People ' s Charter , which would vest the patronage in the hands of Ministers elected by the people , and consequentl y of having their confidence .
Hence we show that all Mr . O'Conneu / s fencing nibbling , feinting , puking , puling , babbling , childish policy , receives favour b the eyes of those who dare not see for themselves ; while every man who ventures to look beyond his nose , must come to the conclusion that the extension of the franchise to the Charter standard , and that that alone , can secure undented education , untrammelled religion , unbiassed ministers , honest teachers , a Kapeal of the legislative Union , " Ireland ; for the Irish , " and the
utter annihilation of the bloated law-ohurch Mr O'Cokkku , knows these things , and knows them well too : but he { dso , knows that 420 , 00 ft a year and " pickings" out of £ 500 a week ' ; make . a larger salary than a government constituted on the principles of the People ' s Charter would allow for the very highest service . We have told the English educa tionists and the fanatical Chartist Church humbugs , tuaUbeCharter must precede national educationand often have we told the Irish that the Repeal
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that is to give " Ireland" to them , must be preceded by the Charter ; and that the Repeal , if earned witli the present franchise , would be but a transfer of po wer from the old to a new oppressor . " Youxg Ireland" will , in the long run , be compelled to come out for the People ' s Charter . It is a " course" on which the progressive mind has set itself , and one which will never be abandoned : and , therefore , we invite them to its study and pursuit forth , with . ^
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To the Rbamrs of tue " Star . "—Frien ds . —As a matter of justice to the Rev . Wm . Hill , I must state , that by far the greater portion of the " Article" headed , " Who is the Coward , " quoted in Mr . ' O'Connor ' s letter to that gentleman published in the Star of last weelc , was it not written by Mr . Hill , but by jiw . It is true that Mr . HU 1 was Editor at the- time the article iu question appeared ; it is true , also , that the MS . was placed in his hands for adoption or rejection ; it i 3 true that he adopted those portions of the original article that suited Mm , interspersing it with entire paragraphs ' of his own writing ; it is true . all this- ^ hat still it is not true that " every word of it was Mr . Hill ' s own writing , " as Mv . d'Connor says ,
. after quoting it . Of course , Mr . O'Connor could not ' know but that his representation of the fact was correct ; Twit as I happen to know differently , I am bound to make the explanation . Absence from town last week prevented an explanation from being given at the foot of Mr . O | Connor ' s letter . ' I did not see that letter 'till it was in print , but I embrace the first opportunity of setting the matter right . ' The article , as quoted last week , consists of nineteen paragraphs ; of those , ¦ paragraphs 1 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 , ' and 18 , were written by Mr . Hill : ' the others were mine , adopted by that gentleman . The readers / by numbering the paragraphs in consecutive order ' with his pen , can see " which is which . " This is but fair : for " every tub ought to stand on its own bottom . "—Joshua Hobbon . H . Ross , BaOMPiOK . —Reluctantly kept over for next
week . ' James Fouikes , "Weuwoton . —Much obliged by his attention . We eould . wot make use of his favour on the present occasion . James Fwlay ., Shotlet Bridge . —His is a case that we cannot advise in . Any opinion we might give would not be worth a straw in the absence of an intimate knowledge of all . the facts of the case . We are always fearful that in such matters we may do mischief , by giving erroneous advice . Before he purchases , our correspondent had better consult a lawyer-friend . To Cobbespondents Gknebamt . —The absence of Mr . Hdbso ' n from town has prevented several commuuical tions from being answered . Arrears will be brought up next week . S . Kidd , Glasgow . —His letter is not at hand just now . We shall see next Saturday whether there is any oeca ' sion to publish it or not .
The Law > ahd the Frsschwe . —In reply to the question so frequently asked— " Would the leases for ever in the Chartist Co-operative Land Plan confer the franchise , " I beg to state that" leasehold property , originally granted for twenty years , and of the yearly value of £ . i >\) or leased for sixty years , and of the value of £ 10 per annum , will confer the county franchise , unless where it would give a borough vote ; " and as the law rests upon the value , and not the absolute rent paid , our Chartist friends need not beunder any apprehension for I . cannot conceive anyone so dull as to rate two " acres of land , in a state of high cultivation , with a cot tage , at less value than £ 10 per annum , so that the Land plan at one and the same time will confer both poUtical and social freedom— Edmund Stallwood
Secretary to the Chartist Registration Committee ' Mb . Roberts—Mi-. W . P . Roberts is now in Manchester He will be at Blackburn on Monday nest , the 26 th inst . " and will remain there till the evening . ' Lobd John Russell ' s Resolutions . —We have received the following- . —Fellow Tradesmen , — It is indeed strange , and indeed wonderful , that after you have been brought to so low an ebb , that the Government , not content with that , should seek to reduce you still fur . ther . A general meeting of the Broad Silk Hand ^ loom Weavers of Spitalfields , and its vicinity , will take place on Wednesday , May 21 st , 1845 , at eight o ' clock in the evening , in Hare-street School-room , Hare-street , Brick-lane , Bethnal-green , opposite the site of the Old Betlmal-grcen Workhouse , to take into its
consideration a series of resolutions which have been introduced into the House of Commons by Lord John Russell , and also a speech of Sir Robert Peel ' s , in which he intimates that in the next Session of Parliament he shall still further reduce the duties upon foreign wrought auks . The persons appointed to wait upon the manufacturers to ascertain their opinions , and to obtain their signatures in favour of the establishment of Local Boards of Trade , for the regulation of prices and the settlement of disputes , will also deliver in a report to this meeting . —By order of the Union , J . S . Shebbabd Secretary . » . YT ., Abeepeen . —To make the lines admissible , the nrst three must be amended . There is no such word as " gowanie , " that we ever heard of , either English or
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Suspicious Case . — An occurrence \ vlii ( . ] , ~ T *" caused a great sensation , has just taken t » i ' , - Hanipstead . It appears that , on Tuesda y went- f ^ a fashionably-attired young female , aecomni nio Ji 1 ' two persons in the garb of gentlemen , arrivi ? - * cab at the house of Mr . Allen , tailor ffl"H Hampstead , and engaged of Mia . A llen son o , !^« furnished apartments she had to let , the lady . ••' as the wife of one of the supposed gentlcmL > r ? 8 gentlemen visited her together once or twin . , i i " visit being on Wednesday last . From the i 7- ° i * their departure up to Friday morning W ,,. ' 7 ° f and four o ' clock , Mrs . Allen never heauU . " « thing of the young female ; she was tliCn ., } ' an >' by hearing loud screams , and on pwKocili , , ^ young woman ' s apartment she discovered fi , a locked . The screams continued , she lm , i ; "J ' 0 () r open , and the unfortunate female was then < ); cet ' ¥ S ! ° ! 1 . ^ ^^^ l ^^ ' wkWS umiu iua
, ) ji"s near , ( jiiim ; ueau , aim tliino , ] ' " black . Air . Gowor , surgeon , of lIim , ) V ( | V *' stantly sent for , ami attended , and the fenl-il . i n ' name has been discovered to be Caroline ( ' ; ., Vj HS her use 22 , recovered her senses for a ^ 1 ' , iln | l and on being questioned as to where she h ,, ] T - ""' - some bottles of medicine found in the roo , ii 'T mittcd they had been provided for her bv in ' ., t '' ¦ a < i - who brought her there . She became worse hi . u 1 " 1 ' 5 and died about eight o ' clock the same ' , ! . " ^' After death , singular to relate , Mrs . Cover l ! . " & of the surgeon , who had been called in , came ami i ! i away the bottles , of medicine just alluded k , 5 some means or other the parties who had brouX n V deceased to Ikmpstead were made acquaintn , , T the death . They ¦ gave daectvons for IcS , « interment of both mother and child , addin . , ui time to the undertaker , that money was no r . f « ,. A "
that the burial could be promptly effected with icon ! . Within a few hours ot death the bod yoftliefom i turned to the same black hue as the deceased S * and on another medical man being called in wr : pressed his opinion that the deceased had twend stroyed by the administration of certain mLxturw taken to procure abortion . These circmnshw ^ coming to the knowledge of Hunt , the suuimoiua " . officer , he lost no time in making the coroner ac quainted therewith , and Mr . Wakley , havhyr m , w stood it to be the determination of the parties to bin the bodies onSunday . - . Usued a warrant to LisnccS Grey , of the S division to prevent the funeral AkS p ace , should it be attempted . He has also 2 his warrant to Mr . Lord , thesurgeon , of lC . Sc ? to make zpost mortem examination "'" I' ^ aa ,
The lNQum .-0 n Tuesday Mr . Wakfev , MP openedau inquest at the Black Boy , at Han pS ' on the bodies of Caroline » milman , ofioi Ga ST and her infant , said to have died from the effects of w tain poisonous mixtures administered to aw with " view to procure abortion . The inquest-ma itM crowded , and the coroner and jury having viewed tl » bodies , Mr . Wakley intimated that no evidcnc-it would be taken , and that the inquiry would lie $ once adjourned till a future day , of which notice vft be given . The court was cleared of . strangers ay after a short interval the inquiry was adjourned for a week . It was understood that the reason for ad . journmentwas to secure the production of some iml portant evidence affecting : the parties alleged to [» concerned in the transaction .
Ihe Case of Alleged Iu ,-Trbkimhs t of iy Insane . Patiesi is a Private Pauper Lvxatrj Asylum . —Pursuant to adjournment from Wednes . day last , Mr . TVakley , . coroner , and the jury im , panelled to ascertain by what means William flowing , aged sixteen and a half years , lately aniti , mate ot Armstrong ' s Pcckhata fiouse Lunatic As * . lum , came by his death , re-assembled on Moiular aiiternooh , at the Earl Cathcavt , Munster-stveet Regent ' s Park , for the third time . After the « ' . animation of several witnesses , Mr . Waklev rceapitu . lated the evidence , - and observed that , painful as these inquiries invariably were he believed they were calculated to work out the greatest good in enforcing the principles-of'humanity in the ' ¦ management of private lunatic asylums . The court was-then cleared ot strangers , and , after a discussion which lasted
unwara 3 otanhour , it was re-opened , when the I ' ore . man . handed to the coroner the following as the uhanimoiis verdict of the jury : — "That William liolding died from exhaustion , produced by dischar » o from large wounds from his hips and lower part of Iiii back , and that how those wounds were caused there was not sufficient evidence before thejurors to prove and that although there was inflammation in his skin m the situation where the wounds afterwards appeared that such wounds did dot exist when the said William Iloldmg . was admitted into Armstrong ' s Lunatic A . ir . lum at Peckham , wheveas the fact is established that they existed in a most aggravated form when lie was removed from the asylum : and that the jurv arc decidedly of opinion thatthe medical treatment ' o [ the deceased , was cruelly neglected whilst he was in the asylum , f he inquiry again lasted several houra .
Sinouur OcenBEKCE . —During the thunder storm on Saturday last a remarkable circumstance occurred to two sisters , daughters of tfprofijftionol gentleman of this city . One 6 f them was at a liousb in Bristol whwthe liyhtmng entered the drawing-room in which she was sitting , and struck her on the head causing a' ump to rise upon it almost instantaneo us ^ depriving her of the sight of the left eve for a coil : siderable tyms , and drawing the mouth aside , as if she had been attacked by paralysis . We are hitppv to ten , tiwAvnthtiie weeptton pt . a degree of muiilmesa on the left side , she has recovered frsm the effects of
the injury . Her sister was at a friend ' s house , about SSnrt fT'A ^' audat aoilTlythe sam « period at which the above occurrence ' took place , the lightning entered the room in which she and tte femily were at dinner , the paper was torn fiom the walls , 'yart of the skirting boards torn awav , and a gun wluchwas . in 'the room ( happily chav | ed wifli powder only ) exploded ; but , most providential v none ol tne party sustained any personal Injury , although the room appeared filled with the electric fluid and . several other parts of the house were damaged — Bristol Journal . '
A . Certain- Remedy for Ill-health , by Ho& . J ?™ w P , ILLS : r ^ , S' 1 > esidin S in Mem * street , Walworth , had been for three years in a verr declining state of health , owing to her having arrival at that period tinned "the turn of life . " Her coil ' stitution appeared to be almost broken up , aud was considered by many as fast approaching to a con . sumptiyo state . She is now restored to a verv high stateot health by these invaluable Pills . All females , who by their age may be near to that critical period , would find these Pills the only effectual remedv that such a dangerous time requires . This medicine is likewise invaluable to all young persons approachin » the term of womanhood . 3
Death from faoxioATios . -On Monday , an in . , quest was held before the borough coroner , on view of the body ot Bridget . Cullen , a woman upwards of seventy years of age , who resided in Chadwick-street , Liverpool . It appeared that she was very muck addicted to drinking , and that about twelve o ' clock on Saturday last she was found lying dead on the floor of _ lier apartment , with her head resting on a stool . Dr . 0 'Donnell was of opinion that she had tallen while ui a state of intoxication , and that death was caused by suffocation from excessive drinkiim . The jurylound accordingly . .
Breakiso up of the Iceox Lake EtiiE .-The lake broke up early m March , and the ice was float-S ! Jfl « m 1 Bla i ? - d lai" 6 e cakcs > which were driven by the westerly wind into the Niagara River . SSSS T ? whole cllmmeI from BtaiiES ll L rh - e sce Vented at this latter point was very impressive . From the head of Goat Island , " K » ? f W ° « W reach , was presented an unbroken field of ice . In the Rapids W lines , of pggM wags were formed by the islands amfcakes of ice which were forced up on the rocks and shoak leavmgdeep . nanwekannelsbetween thein . Through these channels huge spectral columns and masses were rushing on like spirits of destruction to a ear
nival ot death . The deep emerald of the falling ; sheet of water was flecked with greater and lesser spots of the purest white , presenting the appearance Jhli »^ f molton , » 1 « nm 1 of Terd antique marble , unite the spray losing that comparatively regular and continuous ascent usual to it , was sent up in fitful and m-egu ar spouts and clouds . In the chasm fftlnT ff ™ ^ V * ' acarcel *» 8 S M $ « Of tlC . ""^ . Pnto below . If the scene ifln § T u "" P" * ™ . at Lewiston it was tornfic . The north-westerly wind , driving the wave * ° ^ fofa ™ mtotoeiaouth of the Niagara pre ' vented the iee from escaping . As the wcafe W VuT * tl "ffl ^ ewW « w ® soon formed a mi barner from shore to shore . The ice constantly driven down from above , was forced under the upper strata , and the water onernMno lik »
a hydrostatic bellows , it was constantl y elevatcd ° until feSia t'&isS K ««^ tt « . SSsl XI I ,. S , e timbers , it s <* n > ed that we could £° " *• «» 8 ^ at poet ' s idea of the" crack ? doom . And when the ice had reached its neatest !?*"_ .. !? £ " *« between ; when even-thi ,, * that
» had been lined with a most frightful chevaux' T Sfc , ~ [ T tl 01 i c , > ana » solemn , oppressive £ hf f gned ovcr the scene - N ° fc a sounfno the flood 'ThT H CT Up fr 0 m the usually roaring Svl , pJtL " + Of man r waters , " which ordinamy greets the visitor , was hushed as death The 5 ™ tlY a » " < At th , r feevil > s Hole , where the rush and roar is generall y so impressive , a gentle uniX leSf - C i W ^ t be seenfaX ' cnls far Z ™?« ft ? P « f - tte water flowed on in muffled wa ^ S ^ h V- 8 cene ' with a 11 ta accessoriej , was sublime and impressi Ye .- ^ enc « H paper .
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LNFAMOUS AXU HOBBIB 1 E TfiBATMBNT OF A LIVBEPOOL CKEW IX THE BONNT RITEB . Oa Tuesday , a case which excited great interest , -was brought before Mr . BaAton , at the police court . James ffraCTBJ « ji , fi » emate , ' andThos . Itf ° i the supercai ^ o , ef the ship Charlotte , appeared to answer a charge of assaul t preferred against them by Koher t Brown , Isaac Byao , John Seville , John Bowkcr , and Chas . Fisher , fire of the hands belonging to that vessel . Mr . Owen contacted the case for the complainants , and Mr . Radclifie the defence .
Robert Brown was the first witness called . He said , on the 10 th of September the Charlotte was lying in the Bonny River . The men were at hard work all day , and at night were enjoying themselves in the forecastle sing , ing . The captain ( Campbell ) , the mate ( Black ) , and the boatswain , came and said they were kicking up a row , and called them all aft . When the hands went up it was said Johnson was drunk , and he was put in the chains and fastened to the wheel . The next morning all hands were called alt to witness the punishment of Johnson . After it was over the mate made a speech , and said he would flog any man that dared even to frown , and that his commanding voiceshould baheardin the ship . I said , " You fl-j ggvd a man for being groggy ; but when he was Oil hU duty , and did his hard dav ' s work , if he chose to
buy grog on his own account , it was his own look-out , and he would be ready for his work the uest morning . " The mate asked wiiat I had sot to say . I replied , that if lie chose lo flt / g iae he might . Me said he would flog me oa his own resjK > sisib : Hty , au < l he then urdw « il me to be seized up . The boatswain obeyed the order , and gave me four dozen lashes . Lyon subsequently tame on board and struck me a blow on the face , and said , " You ¦ nigger , you have been trying to make a disturbance in the slap - , I shall have you chained up and flogged . " I entreated of him not to punish me any more , as I was very ill , my legs and feet being in a dreadful state from the sniall-pox . Lyon , however , had me pnt in irons and chained to the raizemnast , where I was kept for four or five hour * .
Isaac Ryan deposed as follows : —On the 23 th of August I was painting the ship . When I got on deck , at dinnertime , I saw Porter , one of the hands , chained to the mizennuLst ; and being surpiisedat his remaining there in so steady- and submissive a manner , I asked , " What ' s the matter , Bill V He laughed , and said , "It was all right , " Immediately upon this being said , I was turning round to go forward , and got a blow under the ear from the chief mate ( Black ) . I asked him what was that for * He said , "You—• villain , it would serve you right if you were alongside of him . " Isaid , "Kit is your wish to see me there , you can put me there , hut don ' t strike me ; keep your hands ofi ; for if you ion ' t I shall be obliged to Hft you . into the lee scuppers . " I then went forward to go to dinner , and had not got to the gangway
bcferel was struck by Black and Lyon , and some Kroo boys .. I made no resistance . The Kroo boys were called . I was put in irons and chained to the wheel , hands and feet . Lyon then came up , and called me " a Newgate reared villain , " and struck me several tunes whilst I was so chained . I was kept in chaiBS for seventeen hours aud three-quarters . I was then tied to the mizen rigging , and received seventeen , lashes . Then I « i » s cut down and ordered to duty , which I obeyed . Ljoa admitted before all the African captains that I was a manly seaman , and able to show his officers their dutj . John Neville was next called . lie said : —On the 5 th of Ifovember , after we had done out woA , wehad some grog . I turned In . Fisher began either talking or singing . The mate and boatswain came to the fore-castle with a cutlass
and pistols and fetched Fisher up . They then called out for Neville . I got out of bed and went up in my shirt They said I was drank . I had only had a glass or two of grog of my own . They then put me in icons , by Ly orfs orders . My hands andfeet were ironed , and I was chained to the mizenmast in my shirt . A chain was fastened round my body and they gagged me with an iron bolt . When I was fast the mate struck me repeatedly in the face . I was unable to eat hard food for three weeks . They kept me for ten hours in that state , although it was rainingvery heavy at intervals daring the night The next morning I got my clothes , and they kept me chained until the 7 th , when they gave me thirty lashes , by Ljon ' s orders , and cut me down and sent me over the ship ' s side to scrub the painting .
John Bowker was the next witness . He said , on the 3 d of Sovember I fell off the barricade by accident . When the sailing master , Captain Campbell , came to pick me up , he dragged me aft , saidl was drunk , put my hands andfeetinirons , lashed me to the wheels and left me in that situation until Lyon came on board at tea o ' clock p . x .. Captain Campbell told him he had a man in irons , to which Lyon replied that he was delighted to hearib andioid Campbell to make him well fast . I remainedia ironsall n % ht , and was wet through with the rain . On theddofXoremberlwas tied to the mizea rigging , and received fourteen lashes from the Kroomea . I was then let down , and Lyon told the captain to take me forward , and scrub my back with apiece of sand . I begged of the captain to allow me to wash it with water , to which the captain consented , and my back was not scrubbed .
^ Charles Fisher deposed as follows . — On the 5 th of Kovember , i had finished my work for &e day , and had got a little grog . I was in the forecastle talking , when the mate and boatswain came down , and the mate without saying a word struck me with a cutlass . . They then dragged me-. m deck , and put me ia iro » s , and kept me 1 there nata the 7 th . On that day Lyon ordered me to be flogged , and I received nineteen lashes , and was then sent to scrub Ihe outside of the ship . The lash was always soaked in pickle before use . The defence was that the crew had been guilty of gross insubordination , that they were constantly in a etate of intoxication , that they had stolen the rum . belonging to the ship ' s cargo , and that they only received such a degree of punishment as their misconduct merited .
Mr . Bushton , after hearing the whole of the case and defence , which lasted altogether about three , hours , said there was manifestly a laxity of discipline on board the ship , which to some extent was attributable to the feet , that the sailing captain and the supercargo assumed the master } - at intervals , and that the men were acting under divided authority . He then ordered Black and Lyon to pay a fine of £ 5 each for the assault on Ryan , and Black to }> ay 3 P . * . in addition , for the assault on Neville . The three other cases brought against them b y Brown , Bowker , and Fisher , he dismissed .
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PROGRESS OF OTJR CAUSE . We rejoice that tlie recent Trades Conference lias been productive of more benefit than in our most warm anticipations we had a right to calculate on . Notwithstanding the machinations of the obstructors of all measures propounded by the working classes for their own redemption , and notwithstanding their poor attempt to cast ridicule upon the performance of the Trades Conference , the Trades themselves have resolved upon making the representation of their bodies in July next , a full-length picture of that miniature of Labour ' s rights , recently exhibited .
The part that the Northern Star has taken on this all-important subject has been used as a reason why the Trades should hold themselves aloof from the projected National Union . To us , as well as to the thinking portion of the Trades this objection must appear rather paradoxical . The Northern Star for now nearly eight years has been in advance of the Trades Movement . It has been the expounder of those principles upon , whiclv aloae a national organisation can be successfully established . It ha 3 been in advance , not only of the daily and weekly press , but also in advance of theseveral publications
professing to emanate from the Trades themselves . It has been their sole , their only defender , when their rights hyve been invaded by the oppressor in whatever form h f haspresented ' hinuielf—whether in the shape of legal tyranny , individual oppression , sectional power , or organised caprice . These facts establish our title at least to counsel : and that counsel we have ever given modestly , but firmly . Spite of all the barkings of the pitiful snarlers , we shall continue to offer advice in the same spirit : and shall not be diverted from our course by any manifestation of petty jealousy , or the more decided opposition of black-hearted envy .
The time is drawing nigh when the General Conference of Trades is to be held ; and no time should be . lost in cauvaaging the several Trades as to the best mode of establishing such a national organisation as wilTbe free from all party and sectional differences . The foundation of national organisation must be a well-digested financial Scheme for the collection of funds , to enable the Executive body to give effect to the general , principle . The questions of " supply " and " confidence" in the Executive body are the two chief considerations on which the mind should be fifat madfe up : and therefore it is of paramount impoi ^ ice ' -th ^ the several localities should bestir themselves in time , and set about the consideration of all matters likely to be discussed .
; The manner inwhich the Land scheme is now being adopted , ; leaves * little doubt that the subject mil be brought prominently before the Conference ; aud therefore , toJtUis ' branch of Trades business we beg *? ^^ i wediatie . aj-tention . When the anti-land cliampions . are foiled in-their opposition to the Small Farmplan , the . ir last argunient is : " Aye , but where are you to get the money ? We admit that if you had the means , the plan , undoi- good arrangement , might be made . beneficial" There ia some force in this objection : ¦ : an objection which may at once be " ^ ^ satisfied by ; tlie Trades themselves . By the by
p ^ an adopted the Chartist Convention it appears that the sum of £ 5000 would enable the association , mtuin a very short period / to locate 1000 families u a m « &t 3 of two . acres each , with good cottages to . live in , leaving ,-at the time of their location , more than double the amount of the funds originally expended , in ; the hands of the Society . Wouldit notion , be . well worth y the attention of a national . body * whose every device for the amelioration of its own class has beenexhausted upon mere fanciful projects , to fey-one which promises ao much , and from , which loss cannot possibly result ? Themuation
, at least , is worthy of consideration . Thousands upon tens of thousands agreethat the Land scheme , if energetically carried out , is capable of redeeming the working classes from their present state of dependence on the will of their masters . If they want tew . to protect them , they appeal to those who have an jnterest in grinding them , If they want a systomatic plan of organisation to protect them , they find themselves trammelled by antagonist interests , foolish jealousies , suspicions , and caprice . A new plan is proppunded , which opens for them a new field , into wlncli ' uohe of . those adyerse interests , suspicions , or contentions can po ^ siblyenter-the Land . Its capabilities and
, its . applicability to the regulation of wages is admitted by nine-tenths of the working class population . A fair trial of an experiment thus Bated by public . approval , would . require no larger amovmt than . £ 5000 to . deyelope its value . Not £ 5000 to be vested m rash speculation ; but £ 5000 to be laid out with every prospeqt of being doubled in less than five years , and with the certainty that it could not be dimmished . by one single . farthing , even should the experiment signally fail . Now , this is setting but a s tanc e upon national redemption : and we . really must JP i ok sceptically . up . on the boasted patriotism of those , who spend millions yi the pursuit of justice , which they invariabl y fail of acquiring , while they withhold the small sum of £ 5000 on a venture which
ofTrs emanc ' pation > and precludes tlleP 08 sibility . ; As a further inducement to action , in the proper directton , we call attention to the letter of Mr OConsob , . which will be found in our first page . When we think of the several " bubbles" nowprc seated , as " safe inv estments" for securing . four per . cent ., there can belittle hesitation , about the acceptance . of the offer therein contained . However we thinly we may , without much presumption ' recommend it to the consideration of those to whom it is addressed .
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DOINGS OF THE LAND-ROBBERS . We beg to direct the reader ' s attention to two letters which will be found in our seventh page , extracted from , the fmm , detailing the facts of * WBAHAWE / ' - or wanna" as it fc ruthlessly caUed , nowm course of operation on the estate of a Major CHmES RoDERIS 0 N j in the county of Rossf ^ iu , ffi ° BERI f 0 N i 8 atl " abse « t < * " landlord ; t fluhtey officer , at pre 8 ent with his reglment ^ Australia . Comprised in " his estate" is a tract of land , which , but for the laborious industry of the occupiers , might have been a ban-en waste .. For the use of this land the toiling cotUers have been in the habit of paying rent four tmes de amo « which for such ] a ; d fa English farmer would give ; but not content with this , the grasping land-ford resolves to emminateayc , EXTERMINATE-that ' stheright wX ^
virtuous communit y , that he may draw " more " rent , by throwing the land out of tillage and lettine it for sheep-walks . We beg the reader to pay particular attention to the character of the people who are thus subjected to wrong , robbery , and death They have always paid then- rent punctually . Suvelv that should be the chief of virtues in a landW * estimation I . They have no poor on the poor ' s-roll butsupporteachotherinsieknessandneed . They are blamelcss ) andfreefromvico . Not a single inhabitant
of the valley has been charged with any offence for many . years . Lastl y-during the late war this vallev supp led the army with many soldiers , who shed their . blood , or gave up Ueir lives m DEFENCE of f 1 c " PW * ' and " motions" of the landlords an abour-plunderers of the island ; and , at the present time an old pensioner , eighty-Wo years of £ , JS adying s tat in the , cottage in . which heJbo n ~ ? w ^ rsxv . taj ts
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Clinging to their humble home 3 with the desperation of despair—over-awed by the law ' s brute force , and overcome by a trick of despicable cunning , the poor creatures , in the agony of their hearts , hearing that they did not pay rent enough (!) offered to pay £ 15 a year more rent , and afterwards , offered to pay as much rent for the place as any other party would give . All was in vain : the fiat had gone forth They were to be " WEEDED OUT " -and " weeded o « t" they will be , though thev perish and die !
What other prospect is there for them ? Men with large families—widows with imbecile children , turned on the " wide world ! " Of eighteen families , comprising ninety souls , only three families have the means of subsistence before them : the rest arc , or will be nearly all houseless , and all utterly destitute . They are hopeless and helpless ! They know not where to go , nor what to do to live . How is it possible to calmly reason on tlds wholesale atrocity ? But the " clearance " at Glen Calvie , it win be seen , is not a solitary instance . The miscreant , Gillmcders — let his name be pilloried for public infamy—is engaged in pursuing the same course iu ottier districts , in one of which some hundreds of families have been "WEEDED " within the last four years .
But , after all , the brute Giw , \>« der 3 is but the agent of the military usurper , Robertson . It is idle to say that he—the landlord—is not " responsible" for the crimes and cruelties of his agent . He is " respmsible" and although " Laws grind the poor , and rich men rule the law , " and , therefore , it is not possible to reach him with the law ' s just vengeance , it is possible to reach him and his class with the shafts of public opinion . The doings of the class of which * Robertson' is one , will have one good result : those doings will compel the people to investigate into the assumed right and authority by which these men .
" Play their fantastic tricks before high heaven , " daring—impiously and insolently daring—to drive to destruction their fellow creatures . These " cleariNCEs" and "WEEDINGS" willdo-shall do , we promise—something more than create a passing horror xat the . oppression of tke wrong-doer , or a momentary feeling of pity for his victims . The people will be led to ask , not only by what right Major Robertson "WEEDS" his estate , but also by ' what
¦ rig ht ov title , he , or his class , "hold" estates at all . Such questions will be asked—such questions must be answered . If the land-robbers throw down the gauntlet , they rauat find to their cost that the many aye not in want of champions to take it up . The people have been silent too long . Theyhave " respected" the " rights of property , " while property has shown no respect for the " rights of man . " The aristocracy provoke the conflict : be it so : fling away the scabbard !
. Our readers may depend on our not letting this matter drop . Under the sufficiently significant head of THE LAND , we have commenced a series of revealments , which shall never cease until we have fully exposed the atrocities of the land-robbers , and fully satisfied the people as to whom the land , of right , belongs .
Co Fteatoi-S & Correspondents
Co fteatoi-s & Correspondents
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— - *——MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR FOR THE EXECUTIVE fLFvvl ' o , From Hull , per G . Barnett . ( Un ) i * £ , ; RECEIPTS PER OENERA l ' seCRETARY 8 DB 8 CEIPT 1 ON 8 . KKSW-Ki , : - . { ¦ } chSSs * : ; : ; ;«*»•» .. .. :: S } CARDS Plymouth " 7 2 Ca , "S ° Uaud - Oldham .. .. : ; ^ o ° *
a <• j m DOKATION . A friend , Tumagam . lane , Oct . 3 rd , per Mr . H'Grath 0 fi \ r n i MB 8 - EtLls . Mi . Bateman , late of Lambeth , per Mr . Dron .. 2 0 obi u ? eTof ^ s ^ i" ^^ and rules can be asalSSSt STA ^ sS-iSip join , can do so by remitting laTel for S ¦ . " to ~* -fessksffirs ^ gK * - ——— . _¦«_____ Secretary .
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4 THE NORTHERN STAR May 24 , I 845
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1316/page/4/
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