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THE BEST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS MEDIOXNE for general use is Frampton's Piil of Health, iraira custi relieves siemacu
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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- " . , is G ., the is to vi to 2 unuy me ana Dowels by Vi gentle relaxation , without griping or prostration of , itrength . They remove head-ache , sickness , dizziness , } pains in the chest , Ac , are highly grateful to the stomach , promote digestion , create appetite , relieve languor and j depression of spirits ; while to those of a full habit , and free livers , who are continually suffering from drowsi- P new , heaviness , and singing in the head and ears , they v offer advantages that will not fail to be appreciated . This medicine has for many years received the approval ^ of the most respectable classes of society , and in con- d mation of its efficacy , the following letter has been kindly I forwarded to Mv . Prout , with permission to publish it , t and , if requisite , to refer any respectable person to its t ' author : — 2 " To Mr . Prout , 229 , Strand , London . " Heavitree , Exeter , April 24 , 1844 . j " Sir , —I feel pleasure in being aWe to bear my strong and unsolicited testimony to the excellence of your ' Frampton ' s Pill of Health , ' which I consider a most , safe , efficacious , and very superior general medicine . The widow of an officer , an elderly lady , and near relative of mine , has used them—very rarely having recourse to other medicine for a long period of years ; she has re . commended them extensivel y , and in one instance in which she induced a person to adopt them , and supplied the first box herself , they have proved of extraordinary efficacy . I think that perhaps there is scarcely any other of the many patent medicines before the * public of equal value as a ' friend in need —certainly none pos-I sessed of superior claims . I shall be happy ' on all occasions to give them my individual recommendation , and 1 am , Sir , 1 " Your obedient servant , # * # # " Sold by Thomas Prout , 229 , Strand , London , price ! 2 s . 9 d . per box ; and , by his appointment , by Heaton , 1 Hay , Allen , Land , Haigh , Smith , Bell , Townsend , Baincs I and Newsomc , Smeeton , lteinhardt , Tarbottom , and Horf aer , Leeds ; Brooke , Dewsbury ; Dennis and Son , Burdei kin , Moxon , Little , Hardman , Linney , and Hargrove , b York ; Brooke and Co ., Walker and Co ., Stafford , Faulk-1 , ner , Doncaster ; Judson , Harrison , Linney , Ripon ; Foge gitt , Coates , Thompson , Think ; Wiley , Easingwold ; i- England , Fell , Spivey , Huddcrsfield ; Ward , Richmond ; 0 Sweeting , Knaresborough ; Pease , Oliver , Darlington : :. Dixon , Metcalfe , Langdale , Northallerton ; Rhodes , 1 , Snaith ; Goldthorpe , Tadcaster ; Rogerson , Cooper , is Newby , Kay , Bradford ; Brice , Priestley , Ponfefract ; G Cordwell , Gill , Lawton , Dawson , Smith , Wakefield ; ., Berry , Denton ; Sutcr , Leyland , Hartley , Parker , Dunn , g Halifax ; Booth , Rochdale ; Lambert , Boroughbridge ; ; r Dalby , Wetherby ; Waite , Harrogate : Wall , Barnsley ; : r and all respectable medicine venders throughout the ie kingdom . st Ask for Frampton ' s Pill of Health , and observe ^ th « id n » me and addresi of "Thomas Prout , 229 , Strand , Lon . is don , " on the Government 3 t » mn .
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^^ "And I win war , at least in voids , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , TTith allwho war with Thought I " "Iifcinklhear a little bird , who sings The people bj and by will be the stronger . "—Bibon
PROGRESS OF THE NEW REFORMATION . Our leaders may remember that the first subject jgcnssed by ns nnder the head of "Foreien Movejjgnts , " wa 3 the extraordinary religions " agitation [ thick lias for some time past pervaded a large por-^ of Germany ; occasioned , firstly , by the exhibilion at Treves of the Old Clo ' , " or seamless coat of jets Gheist ; and , secondly , by the commencement jf irfaat has been appropriately termed the " New Reformation , " led on by the celebratedpriests Roxge md Czehski , who , with their adherents , have re nounced allegiance to , and thrown off the yoke of Rome . Our former articles on this subject appeared h . the Star of March 8 th and 15 th . \ v > . then nm .
piised to " report progress " at a future time , and we jjw proceed to fulfil our promise . In the Sachsitche Vaterlan $ s BVnUtr of the 14 th Ja nuary , printed at Leipsic , appeared an eloquent letter from the pen of Rouge , headed " . A Word adjuiH'J exclusively to die Romanists of Germany , as a # «• Tears Gift for 1845 . " The following extracts jr oni this letter mil show the British public with rliat fearless and uncompromising vehemence the "doings" of Rome and her priesthood in Germany are hid bare . It is an ex-Romish priest who speaks let the nations listen and gather knowledge from his words : —
Followers of the Roman Hierarch y , —I have stood lawn ? yon , and have beheld with what sort of sport you sport with mankind , what your intentions towards it are . fonr lips utter indeed the words of truth , but they dwell cot in your hearts ; mercy and love are indeed in your inoaths , but they dwell net in jour bosoms . <* The rharisees , as the ; are painted in Scripture , are as cimoren compared to you , Jesuits and ghostly tyr ants ! The high priests and the Jewish priestcraft consumed Sfceir people only ; bnt yon have on yenr conscience llse unhappy condition of many nations . 'Whose was tiie guilt that caused torrents of German blood to flow
is the reign of Demy the Fonrth , and a thirty years ' nsr to desolate the German empire ! By whom was Poland hurled into ruin , and in later times France and Sjoin torn by intestine commotions and civil war ? Dj the ambition , the rapacity , the immorality , and machinations of the Roman hierarchy , whose instruments dare assume the sacred titles of fathers and teachers of nations . Those who have not scanned these vile iastruaients might trust their soothing words , and deem Uem angels of light , messengers of peace , the bearers of saltation . Yet where shall we meet with the blessings the ? have scattered , where the felicity that follows their fwisteps ? What is the morality they practice ; what assn their flattering words of love , what has been under
liar guidance tiie fate of that religion which should render nations happy f But the clouds are dispersing , and liuken are the fetters which held men ' s minds in thral-Jjm . Ye know this , and hence the violence of yourinognation . Yet it is done . They who neither know nor fed that the empire of deception and superstition is gone , gSuB shortly be convinced . Ever since I have risen up s ^ instyon , to expose with all simplicity your ruinons oiifcedB , whathas been the sentence , what the acts , not pshof the German but of foreign nations * Ye know 6 * 1 they are aroused and filled with enthusiasmve hear
, fcvtbeholdit atthis veryhour . "What have been your pnwedings I Ye have burled curses and hatred from Sk acred altars , with maddening zeal invoked against depress the censor ' sthoughUestroyingimplements , your sad inventions , and designed imprisonment , and , perdance , deeds moie dire , forme , for all those who dare rre utterance to truth , expose religion abused , the wail-3 * 5 of long-suppressed complaint , and the cries of nafcms . And truly , did it depend on you , who call yours * es the apostles of love and light , I and others had long ceased to'beno'd the light of day .
Me je call a false prophet , baiter , Judas , perjurer , revolutionist , demagogue , communist , and I wot not All this yon designate me in your controversial writings , and revile and calnnmiate me from your consecrated pulpits . But what avails this ? Nought whatever . Ye but damage jenr owu cause . But who am I that oppose you ? An Jumble individual , without wealth , without power , who in nu dtttUiug but in the hearts of Ms friend , and of the petter part ofthe nation en whomyepractise jourtinposi wns—a man , whose indignation was aroused at your
dec . ? &aus , « lu , couldnot stoop to be ahypocrite , who rejected 55 arEvin « i , am : inwhospokein behalf of our most injured i ^ sion . and the cheated people , and whom , for so acting , ; r have dispossessed of his office aad excommunicated as j oiiuiual . What can ye effect against me ! Kouglrt i&itevcr . The nations whom ye have so often deceived » 21 bo longer give you credence ; most of them standby as . The small portion whom ye still retain in bondage hwurarts , your wealth , by fear and terror , will soon dei « n from jour folds , whea they become aware that we s& the good fight in their behalf . # *
Though Dr . Balzer , the late editor of the Bermes , be p * r so jocose at one time aad moved to tears at another , a seeing the pilgrimage to Treves , which he designates Christian Poetry , " yet will no man , who is not devoid of « 2 j stnse of propriety , behold the immorality and Houchery exhibited at Treves as "Christian Poetry . " 7 bt understanding and hearts of millions are not thus * to teimj ^ fl upon ; and though Dean Forster should indite ianmntraMe sermons against the licentiousness of the press , ana in behalf of the Treves idolatry , vain is tiie & « . ' fiomau doctors , ye have yourselves afforded the prffiction of your approaching downfall , in spite of wit '' Christian roetrr , " and craft . You will atone , if you Hwere , for the abominations of centuries of which vou h * brtu guilty . The impostures you practise will aVail
tHaager . What ! you would still be the teachers of r % ion , and ye traffic with religion like the everv-day fot-brs sf gain . What ! you would be the heralds of i | sGusi * l , of that Gospel in Which it is related , that •* s cast out of the T « aple all them that sold and w ^ t within it , and overthrew the tables of the moneymakers and the seats of them that sold doves , saying «« them— " It is written , my house shall be called * the fee of iTayer , but ye have made it a den of thieves , " « j « t you would justify a bishop who has extorted £ * kj from a superstitious multitude . What ! ye would j tte teachers of the people , the superintenders of vacation , morals , and civilisation , and ve defend the K * moui folly of venerating—nay , of worshipping a twDeu ! * * *
Bman mirtUthechunhoi God , and Ms spirit animates = iotias Churcb . it is thatl have sworn to be fcithful """" l 0 a B&iop of Borne . Mark this , and do not ac-* w me of violating jny sacred obligations , as you Ro-= dast s dail y break yours . Yes ; dafly do ye break your * s towards mankind ; for we should urge the truth , £ J _ a « in accordance with its dictates—reconcile and vSi ** hnman race ' ' and J ^ s 8 " dut . ? ^ "jncglert . The people are impoverished by your * -mwis and luxury ; your example teaches them immo-•« 5 : ana , suppressing all intellectual aspirations , you rr ? maB of his di gnity . Sot only do you violate the i ! r " 5 : ltions o { jour oaths towards mankind , but laa J ° U ° We to your fatherlana ; *» yon owe your birth Mncaiion to a German fether and mother —*«¦ wauuuuLutxjiumouier
; you are * , - « u ; jouavc ^}* a inaiutaincd by the sweat of jonr German fulow--v « l " - luow and sPeak * e S 0 UHds of the German l ^ bni ^ that in which your mother greeted you as \ ' eD 7 " We . and in which she uttered the accents of fiaT ' " Iovc 'ye Pa ^ cipate in the productions of tiie ^¦ nuan mind , and reap tiie best fruits of German indus-^ . sal Otrnian arts ; ye dwell with your compatriots in tt . j * uvwces ° f our home ; ye breathe the country ' s air ; ^ j « nnau mountains , rivers , states are yours , as they _* vars ; Uave everything in common with us . and yet i \\ mi Genuan 3 > for ye blindly obey the Roman , _* T ; ye are his slaves , and oppress and degrade jour ^• nan brethren . Consider aU this , read the pages uf 41 ' b * ° k arom >« 1 y <» u . and you will be convinced that ¦ Jloman dominion is cone , and that Hia Jpcnitc Mn nn
Vr find an abiding place among us . he hour struck , the path was cleared before . \ ou , it ^ tor you to determine—Roman or German , slaves oi - * 3 aen , hypocrisy or truth , hierarchy or Christianity , * = e the watchwords . But you bare attended neither to •* voice of your religion , nor to that of your conscience , r »« , and country . Ye are resolved to remain the ser-^ au and instruments of the Roman Bishop on the Ger'Mkf ' dedreeTermore to kee P under subjection , J ^ retray your fathers , mothers , brethren , and sisters , ^> & > iim and your fatherland . Be it so ; but , in the J ^ my country , I proclaim Oat tmifvUj ) ye hate eftosen « . .., ^ Wyinndtesframvourfenmruitizpiis ! rftnar * Hm >
' ^• 9 t ^!? ^ 90 wr ad ° P ^ ' «*«* J »« prefer to the soil ' ' ' ¦ ' *>« f * f tf'e wMsofBon * , tiuUtin ttem against 9 f th , ^ 3 ' ? y »* » tte tears , the maledictions of the nations jtni maj . "; " Believe it , the hour is nearer at hand than * iU ^ p in your fended security . Other priests SfU'Se " *** & ¦> and communities and teachers equally ta"l « st'T f i > Uke ( be distant sounds of the " % vj > - 5 Jlirit approaches which soon will lay waste l ^ j ^ r ^ tdinee ; the chains that gall the mind and ii \ . of ^ ? r ^ a 5 ial 8 > ^^ nations are entering the light of ^ iisi ,. - « f mental freedom . Spring has set in , ' ^ l'W ' aifS are wafted 0 Ter **** earth < * hOTe fdt bi I sa » ' h ? around my heart and animating my spirits , Cliq * will ii **^ sown *^ iat now S ™" ^ ! and never * Jl 5 * iav " * my post lmta tbe worljbe accomplished * r 9 j * es ha *^ ° ^^ Wd me commence - Y < mr re " frti * . - . * "Utincreased m ( mnvr . snrihnirllr itill I — — 09 ——— ——^
• ere iti * 1 - ~~—o . -. ^ laita name ° f my country which has so long Rafted bvT justice and faithlessness , but which now HteL ^ J concord and untiring energy will TV " Rosce . " ^ adeft'V ° f Rokge have been admirably ^<* na » & 2 * L Pol Priest Czeksh , carate of PUa i nuisJaT n ^ hueidemnhl ) , a small town in West ! r * hole tf V s % mst who succeeded in inducing b *** fvw P ^ give in their adherence to " innai , r ^ " ? 111011 - ^ ret ^ ning the rece gnised JJ the ver ^' , e now k ^ mass , not in Latin , but i * * o tW lang'Jagei wifii such omissions as Jk ^ lidTp / 3 " *? and 1 bsSl intercesaons ; he has R ^ ( S £ L ? J ? flllr confession . In defence of S " AekW- ^ B " issued two pnblications->!»> "Thejustfecationof Hb p ^ PuC ™ l Romaa Catholic Church . " For ftp * tffc ^ ^ ^ ted to appear before the % & Vt- * of Janua ^ being feed wnn of Jus appearance . But Czkbsm
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did not obey the command . The Chapter therefore SSW *? « " «» " «»« which Ld beenemtZft ? ?? flMir ¥ ainsl J Roland on the fjLf *« Va ^ Q > A the excommunication and degradationoftheRfiv .-. CzERsm . formerlyaRoman oatnoucpnest , and now pastorapostolic of the Christian Utholic Church atSchneidemuhl , was published in all tiie Roman Catholic Churches in Posen . The bannof excommunication was pronounced not only against Czebski , but also against" all and even- one whoshall adopt his sentiments . " This once dreaded " »™ » t of ecclesiastical tyranny is now however but little heeded ; it seems to have lost all its power to alarm ; and this excommunicating of a man several months after he had publicly withdrawn from tue itomish communion , and declared his reasons for | doing so , seems to have excited more ridicule than reference even amongst Roman Catholics .
The progress of the Refonnation in Germany , and more especially in the Prussian provinces , has * been strikingly rapid . At the commencement of the month of March , the Church in Breslaw numbered 600 members , that of the Berlin about as many SchneidemtihloOO , Annaberg 200 families , and eight orten other places average 400 reformers , which , in less than six months , and with so slow a people as the Germans , is wonderful ! But besides these places , the Roman Catholics of Dresden , Leipsic Brunswick , Bremen , and various small places in Saxony have caught the flame , and formed congregations of Dissenters from Rome . Even the south of Germany has been roused , and in Frankfort , Offenbach , Elberfield , Wiesbaden , &c ., demonstrations of sympathetic feeling and conviction have been made
Aor is the power of the truth , and the newlvasakened brotherly interest for those whom in former days they would have thought it a duty to hate , confined to kind words , but manifests itself both in an avowed willingness to brave , with them , the open violence or the secret machinations of an enraged hierarchy , and in contributions of pecuniary aid no way contemptible in amount , for the support and propagation of the new doctrine . This aid is needed , as one of the fundamental novelties of the infant reformation is the abrogation of all perquisites ( for burials , baptisms , marriages , &c ) , which have hitherto formed the chief part , not only of Roman Catholic , but of Protestant pastoral income in Germany . A letter dated Hamburgh , March 8 th , contains the following : —
Even where the spirit of reform does not extend to the abandoning of Borne altogether , it has excited and encouraged the hope of getting rid of some of her shackles ; and thus not only have several Roman Catholic congregations applied to their bishops to take the initiative , ex offieio , in throwing off the later exactions and devices of Some , but more than one Romish clergyman has , through the medium of the press , manfully exhorted the German bishops and higher clergy to "imitate their nobler predecessors in the last century , especially Bishop Houtheain and the members of the Congress of Ems , and by forming a free German Roman Catholic Chnreh , get rid at once of the Roman yoke , and the dangers of a schism which now
threatens , not only the errors , but the existence of the Catholic Church . " Such are the sentiments of Edward Duller , whose " Public Letter to the German bishops , " his "Address to German Catholics , whether Priests or laity , " his - ' Address to German Princes , " but above all his " Jesuits as they are and were , " written for and dedicated to the people of Germany , are bought up almost as fast as they can be published ; while the Historical Examinations into the Pretensions of the Unseamed Ceat of Treves ( now , by the way , discovered to have a seam !) and 24 other unseamed coats , by the Boan professors , Drs . Gildemeister and Sybel , is passing through its fourth edition !
To Jtheabove must beadded the priest Licht , who , in imitation of Roxge , published an address against the superstitions connected with the Holy Coat , which address has drawn down upon him deposition from the priestly office , but has not caused him to retract . On the other hand , the enemies of the Reformation are far from being idle—and in addition to all fair means of stopping the torrent , such as counter publications , counter associations , formation of reading societies ( in which carefully-selected Roman Catholic books are furnished gratis ) , they add the institution of new religious orders , such as " The order of the Heart of Mary , " "The order of the Rosary , " &e ., to the members of which is specially committed the task of mayine for the restoration « f
apostates . Various high privileges , and promises of temporal and spiritual good , are bestowed on such as distinguish themselves by success in this good work ; and the ( at least ) equivocal expedient was resorted to of sending an ecclesiastical embassy , composed of the Roman Catholic clergy of Leipsic , conjoined with those of Dresden , to implore the King of Saxony to employ his authority to check the progress of this inroad on the papacy ! The application to Frederick Augustus , himself a Roman Catholic , has , to his eternal honour , put an end for ever to all hope of assistance from him ; for he is represented to have expressed his utmost astonishment that he , nineteen-twentieths of whose subjects are Protestants , should be applied to against them ; and thattoo , at a moment when their
conci-, liatory conduct towards their Roman Catholic fellow subjects was so grateful to his heart . " You know , moreover , " said his Majesty , "that I , as king of a constitutional state , have sworn to afford full freedom of conscience to the professors of every creed ; I , therefore , will not lay any hindrance whatever in the way of the present movement , but leave it to take its own free course ; for I neither could nor would try to turn any one aside from the ritual he deemed conducive to his salvation . This , " added the king , "is my unalterable resolve ; " and with this unpalatable declaration , the disappointed clergy were graciously dismissed . Their attempt and its result soon got wind , and the noble reply of the Saxon monarch rang innote 3 of joy and triumph through every street in Leipsic .
3 &- Since the above was in type , we have been put in possession of news much more recent , detailing the triumphant march of the new movement We must defer particulars till our next .
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fn IX \ Z i ^^ nelp less . Two or three of the men told me they had keen round to every factor and pro-P ce ° andnl- ei 6 hbOUrh 00 ( i ' th <* could d ** to ? o place and noflung ; t 0 do , and they did not know where to g of t £ * ° V Uve - There can be tt 0 « that a - ^ thif ? ew , Scot (! h roor law influenced many in ginnff this refusal ; and looking at it in this light flier cannot perhaps be blamedfor refusing to take tt pro bable burden of another on themselves P The cottages themselves are outside apparently low » ° < t" * ™ grown over so as ' to beof X
^ colour of the brown huls , and at a distance reno tingu . shable from the hill . They are all built on one plan , and are divided into three compartments . Th " first you enter is a stable or cow-shed ; a doorway out of this leads into the family room , and another doorway beyond leads to the far room , which is the bed-room and state apartment , being kept tidy and appropriated to receive visitors . The fire is on a stone in the middle of the family or centre room , and warms the whole cottage . Though the roofs and sides are blackened with the peat smoke everything within them is clean and orderly . '
And for what ave all these people to be reduced from comfort to beggary ? For what is this virtuous and contented community to be scattered and driven into destitution f I confess I can find no answer . It is said that the factors would rather have one tenant than many as it saves them trouble . But so long as tho rent is punctually paid , as this has been , it is contrary to all experience to suppose that one large tenant will pay more rent than many small ones , or that a sheep walk can pay more rent than cultivated land . . Now , no doubt there is an object in driving off the people—namel y , fear of the New Scotch Poor Law compelling the heritors to pay towards the suppott of those v ; uo cannot suivport themselves . IIow they have hitherto performed . this obligation , and why they should be afraid of the New Scotch Poor Law , must form the subject of another letter .
In the meantime let me add , that so far from the ' < clearance" at Glen Calvie being a solitary instance in this neighbourhood , it is one of many . The tenants of New-more , near Tain , who , I am told , amount to sixteen families , are to be " weeded" out ( as they express it here ) on the 25 th , by the same Mr . Gillanders . The same factor manages the Strathconnan estate , about thirty miles from Newmore , from which , during the last four years , some hundreds of families have been " weeded . " The Government church of that district , built eighteen
years ago to meet the necessities of the population , is now almost unnecessary from the want of population . At Blackisle , near Dingwall , the same agent is pursuing the same course ; and so strong is the feeling of the poor Highlanders at these outrageousproteeding ; , so far as they are concerned wholly unwarranted from any cause whatever , that I am informed on the best authority , and by those ¦ who go amongst them , and hear what they say , that it is owing to the influence of religion alone that they refrain from breaking out into open and turbulent resistance of the law .
I enclose you the defence of this proceeding , with a list of the names and numbers of each family in Glen Calvie , in all ninety . two persons . Letter II . THE INFAMOUS SCOTCH POOE LAW SYSTEM . Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire , Saturday , May 17 . In my last letter , giving you some account of the " clearance" at Glen Calvie , you had an instance of the manner in which whole Highland districts are depopulated , and in which tho poor Highland cottiers are " weeded out , " as it is here termed , with a cold calculating hcartlessness which is almost as incredible as it is disgusting . I purpose to-day giving you a further description of the condition of the poor , and of their treatment by the heritors , or landowners ; in so doing I shall confine myself to the surrounding district where I happen to be .
In the speech of the Lord Advocate on introducing the proposed new Scotch Poor Law Bill into the House of Commons , that learned lord is reported to have said , "He did not think it requisite to make it compulsory upon all parishes to assess themselves . If the funds were provided —if He poor did receive sufficient relief—it was a matter of no general importance in what manner they were so provided . The parties interested ought to be allowed to raise the necessary funds in the manner most agreeable to themselves . " As the past conduct of those whose duty it was to provide funds for the poor must be taken as the best criterion of what their future conduct is likely to be , I will proceed to show what funds have been provided , and what relief the poor have received , under a voluntarj
assessment ; and I think it will then be pretty apparent that " the manner most agreeable" to the heritors and others whose duty this is , is not to provide funds at all . I am now in the parish of Kinoardine , ten miles west of Tain . This parish is divided into two districts ; one of these is the Parliamentary district of Croick , and is that part of the parish the most wild and unfrequented , in which , eighteen years ago , by a grant from Parliament , a church was built and endowed to meet the necessities of the then more numerous population . This district consists chiefly of wild moors , extending twenty miles in length , with a breadth of ten to fifteen miles . By systematic " clearance" the population of the glens and valleys has been reduced to 370 .
For two years and a half before the disruption in the Church , the Rev . Mr . Aird , a very worthy and simpleminded man , who is my informant , was the established clergyman of this district . As such , it became his duty to receive and distribute the funds collected for the relief of the poor of his distriot . For the information of your English readers I may state , that each Sunday a collection is made at the church doors from the congregation , or the elders of the church go about with ladles , and the poor congregation subscribe their pence for their still poorer neighbours . The sum thus collected is handed to a treasurer . The heritors rarely attend these churches , as they do not reside in the parish , and are therefore not often contr ibutors to this fund , as part of the congregation . They are for the greater part of the year absentees from Scotland . Their subscription in aid of the poor ' s funds must therefore be by voluntary assessment , or contribution . The district of Croick is held b y seven heritors or proprietors , whose total incomes , or rental derived from it , is ahout £ 2000 a year .
Amongst this Highland population of 370 souls , during the two years and a half immediatel y preceding the disruption of the Church—that is , from three to four years ag « ( and the only change in " their condition at this moment is a change for the worse )—about twenty-seven were paupers—that is , persons aged and feelle , who could do nothing ; but , besides these , very many , who could do something towards their own support , were on the verge o £ starvation . There are also two idiots , for whose support the seven heritors subscribe £ 6 annually , or an average of 17 s . Hd . each .
For the support of these twenty-seven paupers the church-door collection amounts , or rather amounted before the disruption in the Church , to about £ 8 a year , a few shillings more or less . The voluntary assessment , or subscription of the seven heritors , as their share towards the support of the poor , "the aged and the feeble , " of their own community was—nothing ; thet never gave one farthing . The poor supported their own helpless poor ; the wealthy let them do so unassisted . The whole legal support , therefore , of those twenty-seven aged and feeble paupers on the poor ' s roll was just £ 8 a year , or on an average 5 s . lid . o year each , or a fraction more ( as the Scotch like calculation ) than one penny farthing a week . It happens that to this Parliamentary district of Croick an English gentleman ( Colonel Long , of Bromley , in Kent ) comes down every year to shoot . Pitying the abject and wretched condition of the poor Highlanders that he sees around him , he has been in the habit for several
years back of leaving with the minister a yearl y donation of £ 10 , to be distributed amongst the most necessitous according to his discretion . Thus , then , an English gentleman and a stranger , deriving no rental from the parish , with no tie to bind him to it , gives out of pure humanity more to support the poor , "the aged and the feeble , " than the whole of the parish , including its heritors , who derive £ 2000 a year from it . It is in this district that Glen Calvie is situate , from which place its 90 poor cottiers are about to be " weeded . " During the three bad seasons of 1836 , 1837 , and 1838 , to relieve the starving condition of the Highlanders , owing to the almost total failure of their crops , collections , as is well known , were made in England to a large amount to purchase meal to distribute amongst them . During two of those years upwards £ 20 ' s worth of meal , bought by English generosity ,
was distributed amongst the cottiers of Glen Calvie . I am told that it is almost impossible to conceive how they existed . Yet each of those three jears of absolute unproductiveness of their land , they contrived to pay , by sacrificing their stock , and getting into debt , the whoU of thtir rent , £ 55 10 s ., to their landlord . The heritor did not abate them one sixpence—he did not subscribe one farthing towards the relief of their distress . In reality , in other words , as their land could not keep them , his rent was paid out of English charity . The poor cottiers feared to be backward in their rent , lest it should be caught as a pretext , and they should be ejected . The pretext has at length been found ; their valley is to be made a sheepwalk at an alleged increase of rent nobod y believes can be given , and the fable of the wolf and the lamb has found another illustration .
It is , however , but ri ght to state that the ladies of one or two of the heritors and gentry who reside in the neighhood are very kind to the poor immediately around them . The lady of Sir Charles Ross , one of the heritors , and the lady of Mr . Ross , of Pitcalvie , the chief of the clan Ross , who is one of the resident lairds during a portion of the year , are spoken of as doing much good to the poor in their immediate neighbourhoods . The parish of Assynt is in Sutherlandshire , adjoining this neighbourhood . It is divided into two districts , the larger of which is Assynt , and is about forty miles from where I write . It extends over a distance of about forty miles , by fifteen or ei ghteen miles in breadth , the greater part of it being black moor . The glens and valleys are inhabited by a population of about 1 , 500 . The whole 1 ' 1 I f i b
are poor , but the very poorest , "the feeble and the aced who can do nothing , " and who are on the poor ' s roll , are seventy in number . The amount collected in Kirk Session from these poor people for the support of those who " are paupers amongst them , varies from £ 11 to £ 18 a-year . The Duke of Sutherland is the sole heritor of the parish , and derives a rental from it of about £ 3 , 000 a-year ; His subscription to the poor ' s fund of the whole parish is £ G a-year , ot which sum the district of Assynt gets £ 310 s ., the rest goes to the other district , called Stoer . Taking the highest sum as the Kirk Session collection , together with the heritor ' s voluntary contribution , the relief per head only averages 6 b . ljd . a-year to the poorest of the poor , or not quite three halfpence a-weefc . 1 have the best authority for thia statement , and my informant assured me that the highest gum that any of these paupers get is 1 , e i- 0 :. 1 , is G ., g ; r : r ie st id is
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ts . o-year , or something less than one penny a-tceefc ; whilst many of them only get half-a-crovm a-ycar , or a fraction more than a halfpenny a-vieek to live vpon . They subsist , of course , by begging meal from their poor neighbours . In the parish of Fodderty , which is in the presbytery of Diugwall , there is a population of upwards of 2 , 000 , of which number about 100 of the most necessitous are on the poor ' s roll . The parish is about thirty miles by eleven in extent , and the property is owned by six heritors . The collections at the church door ameunted to from £ 40 to £ 50 a-year ; nearly the half of this was required for church expenses , leaving only £ 25 to £ 30 for the support of the poor on the roll . The heritors frequented the church only once or twice in the year ; and I have good
authority for saying that the amount of their church subscription for the poor never exceeded £ 2 a-year . Beyond that , as heritors , by voluntary assessment or contribution , they—gave nothing . The largest amount that one of these poor families on the poor ' s roll ( for I am informed it is families and not individuals ) obtained in the year was half-a-crown , or something more than a halfyenny a-week , for the poorest , or a pauper family , to subsist on ; whilst some received as little as Is . Gd . a-ijear for a family , or something Uss than a halfpenny a-week . I am informed that , with the exception of the Seaforth family , who were very kind in assisting the poor around them , not one of these six heritors ever did anything for any of their poor , beyond an occasional subscription once or twice a-year at the church-door ; the extent of ( which I have already stated .
It is apparent that nearly the whole support of the paupers is derived from the subscriptions of their poor neighbours at church , aided by begging . But when \ mention the amount of these collections , I refer to the period before the Church disruption . Since that period , the great mass of the people having gone over to the Free Church , the church collections , which were the principal aids to the paupers , have become wholly inadequate , and the consequence has been a considerable outcry on the part of ihe paupers who before had kept quiet , and applications have been made to the Court of Session at Edinburgh to enforce allowances for their support from the heritors . Many of the people , too , knowing that their relief came from the subscriptions of their poorer neighbours , have borne the utmost privations with the greatest patience , and without complaint . But now , when almost all relief has failed , from the falling off of the church collections , and the heritors are compelled to support them , they say they will not be satisfied with their former scanty allowance , but will have sufficient to keep them from starving without begging from those nearlv as poor
as themselves . I have no space now to notice individual eases of most gross and callous-hearted oppression in various other places . One man , a respectable miller , whose father , and grandfather before him , had rented a mill of one of the heritors in this neighbourhood , having taken the part of a poor woman who was ejected from her holding to make room for some improvements , and who on applying to her landlord to do something for her was beaten and driven from the door by him ivith a slick , walked ten miles jester , day to tell me his own case . In the midst of a winter ' s night , with deep snow on the ground , he and his aged mother were suddenl y turned out of his house under a decreet of removal , and his mother is now bed-ridden from the consequences of that exposure to the weather , and distress of mind at thus being driven out of the ylaee in which she had lived the greater part of her life . I have heard some dozen similar stori 6 s of individual wrong , but will conclude with quoting the letter of a minister of a parish in this neighbourhood , sent to me two days ago : —
Nothing short of a visit to this quarter and conversation with the poor creatures themselves , could give an idea of the misery and wretchedness to which the people of this parish are reduced by the heartless and cruel tyranny of their oppressors . Here there is a Mud of slavery ten times worse than that which for so long a period disgraced Britain . The poor are starving , and yet so much afraid are the people ( who are tenants at will ) ' of being removed , without any prospect of a shelter anywhere , and without means to support themselves , that lately I could get none to sign as witnesses to the petition of a pauper who required relief from the heritors and Kirk Session . They said if their names were seen as witnesses , how clamant soever the case , they were sure of being thrown upon the wide world at next term . I have a list in my possession of from fifty to sixty who
since the disruption were turned away from houses and lands , and service and employment , by a heritor in this parish , because they would not become residuaries and denounce the Free Church . I had myself to collect for them privately about £ 50 , otherwise I have no doubt some of them would have been reduced to starvation . One man who was turned out with his family could get no shelter , and was obliged to take refuge in an old barn , where his wife that night was confined . Imagine the state of that poor family in such circumstances . A widow , on the borders of 70 , whose husband before his death built a small cottage and bam , and "bought iu" ( as we say here ) a little land , was summoned out at the term . She was perfectly at a loss what to do . Out she was obliged to go . For a few days she lived in her barn . But as she was preparing to go to bed one night , a messenger from the heritor entered , and told her that that moment
she must be out . There was no alternative . That night , and a cold rainy night it was , she had to take her little supper on the hill-side , weeping bitterly , until some person coming the way took her into some house for the night . Her pieces of furniture were for weeks on the UiU-side exposed to the weather . Another , who was on the poor's toll for many years , was turned out withoutany provision , and must have starved had not some person had compassion on her and sheltered her . I might have added many similar eases , but it is reall y sickening to think of them , and I am perfectl y ashamed to say that in this , my beloved country , such cruelties could be tolerated . I have not the slightest doubt that had I not used my influence with my people , inculcating patience and forbearance , as the Gospel teaches , under trials and persecut ions , the perpetrators of such unmanly and heartless acts would have dearly paid for their conduct .
I wish not to be unjust , and to fall into the stupid error of accusing the whole gentry of a county of natural meanness aud tyranny . No doubt , as in all other communities , there are humane and good men among them , as well as harsh and greedy men : but whatever may be the disposition of men , they must all in some degree bo affected by circumstances . I am informed by a gentleman who knows Rosshire well , and who from his position is well acquainted with the means of most of the proprietors , that many of the heritors and large farmers , having been leainto expensive habits from the higher rents aud prices obtained during the war , and not having been able to
shake off those habits of living all at once , have got into embarrassment , and very many of the estates of the heritors are now in the hands of trustees for the benefit of their creditors ; others are greatly shackled by debts and expenses which they have not always the means to meet . " It is ill for an empty bag to sit upright , " says the old proverb ; hence many of the mean shifts to which better intentioned men are compelled to resort ; and to tins general poverty , with expensive establishments , may be traced the greater part of those oppressions which shock humanity , and of those meannesses which make us ashamed of our common nature .
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London Cork Exchange , Monday , May 19 . —The avvLvals of wheat coastwise were liberal during the past week , and fail supplies of English flour and malt came to hand , but of barley , beans , peas , and oats tiie receipts from our own coast and Scotland were small . Of the last named article a fair quantity arrived from Ireland , in additien to nearly 20 , 000 qra from abroad . The supplies of foreign wheat , barley , and beans were also rather large . At this morning ' s market there was only a moderate show of wheat by land-carriage samples from the home counties , scarcely any barley of home growth , and but few beans or peas , but of oats there was on the whole a good display . The weather continues cold and ungenial , and complaints ot injury done to the wheat nlant bv the wireworm
are on the increase . The trade for wheat was nevertheless slow to-day , and it was impossible to establish the slightest advance on the rates current on this day se mught ; at former prices , however , rather more disposition to purchase was manifested and a fair clearance was effected . The recently received Baltic cargoes were offering at previous terms , and a moderate extent of business was done in the floor sorts from Rostock at 50 s . to 52 s . per or duty paid . In bond nothing of interest occurred ' The httle English barley exhibited was held pvcttv firmly , but foreign was , easily bought at the lately reduced rates . In prices of malt there is no change
to report , but the article hung heavily on hand . Notwithstanding the somewhat abundant arrival of oats during the past week , factors were by no iwcana anxious sellers this morning , and having a renewed country demand , the currency of Monday was well supported . Beans were in good request , and moved off readily at previous terms . Peas were also saleable at fully the prices of this day se ' nnight . There was more canaryseed offering than could bo disposed of , still lower rates were not accepted . In cloverseed Httle or nothing was done . Linseed and rapeseed fully as dear as last week . Tares but little inquired for .
CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER .-Bntwft . s s s i Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & , old red 42 48 White 48 5 t Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 48 59 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 48 5 t Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 46 48 Rye Old 30 31 New 23 30 Brank 38 35 Rarley Grinding . . 24 26 Distil . 27 29 Malt . 30 32 Malt Brown .... 52 54 Pale 55 59 Ware 00 62 Beans Ticks old it new 34 36 Harrow 35 38 Pigeon 40 42 Peas Grey 35 36 Maple 37 38 Wliite 38 39 Oats Lineolns & Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 24 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 25 28 I" ** White 20 23 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 280 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour . . . 42 . 44 Norfolk & Stockton 32 33 Essex and Kent .... 34 3 D Irish 34 35
Free . Bond-Foreign . s s s » Wheat , Dantsic , Kouigsburg , &c 02 50 36 38 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 61 32 3 ' 4 Danish , Holstein , and Friesland ved 42 45 28 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 46 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 52 28 M Spanish , Havd . 45 46 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried . . 28 30 18 21 Barley , Grinding . 23 26 Malting . . 28 31 13 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 35 Egyptian . 34 35 26 30 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 36 37 28 39 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 26 19 21 Russian feed 21 22 15 18 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , perbarrel 24 25 19 20
London Smiihfield Cattle Market , Monday , May 19 . —During the past week the imports of foreign stock for our market have consisted of 87 oxen and cows , together with 151 sheep , all from Rotterdam , by the Ocean , Batavier , and Columbine steamers . At the outports , about 100 oxen and cows have been received . As to the quality of the beasts , we may observe that it has proved tolerably good , but that of the sheep has been miserably dificient . To-dav we had on offer 40 foreign beasts , and 20 sheep , tfie whole of which were disposed of at fair quotations . Ihe late advance in the value of mutton here , as well as in most otherparts of England , has , at length , had some influence upon that of beef , sine , although the bullock supplies on offer this morning were
moderately exten&i ye a 3 to number ( yet it must be observed the condition of the animals was by no means tirst-rate ) , the beef trade was active , atan advance in the quotations obtained on Monday last of from 2 d to 4 d per 81 b—the primest Scots and home breds readily producing 4 s Gd per 8 lb—and at which a clearance was speedily effected . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex and Cambridgeshire , we received 1500 Scots , home ' breds , and shorthorns , while the droves from the northern grazing districts comprised 250 shorthorns , &c ; from the western and midland counties , 209 Herefords , Devons , runts , &c . ; from other parts ot England , 200 of various breeds : andfrom Scotland
33 horned aBd polled Scots . Although the numbers of sheep were on the increase , the primest old downs moved offsteadfly at from 4 s lOd to 5 s per 8 lb , but all other breeds vreve a slow inquiry , and previous rates were not supported in every instance . From the Isle of Wight 240 lambs came fresh to hand ; while the receipts from other quarters were tolerably good . Prime qualities sold freely at extreme rates ; but great difficulty was experienced in effecting sales of other kinds . In calves a fair amourtof business was doing , at Friday ' s improved curreuies . The pork trade was rather dull , yet prev ' ouB rates were supported .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . T - . , a . d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts ... 3 0 3 i Second quality ... . 3 6 3 10 Prime large oxen .... 4 0 4 2 Prime Scots , &c 4 4 4 6 Coarse inferior sheep ... 3640 Second quality .. 4244 Prime coarse woolled .. 14648 Prime Southdown .. . 4 0 5 0 lambs ..... i 4 10 6 0 Large coarse calves . ... 4 0 4 fi Prime small . . . . 4 ¦ g S Suckling calves , each . , . ' 18 9 3 » 0 Large hogs 3 8 3 6 Neat small porkers . , , 3 8 4 4 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 29 0
HEAD OF CATTLE ON 8 AIE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market ) Beasts , 2 , 49 G-Sheep and Lambs , 26 , 550—Calves 89—Pigs , 332 . Richmond Corx Market , Saturdat , May 17— , We only had a thin snpply of Grain in our market to-day . Wheat sold from 5 s . ( 3 d . to 8 s . 6 d oata 2 s . 5 d . to 3 s . ; barley 3 s . Od . to 33 . 9 d . ; beans 4 s . to 4 s . Gd . per bushel . Liverpool Cork Market , Monday , May 19 . — The import list shows a moderate arrival of Irish oats , but of other articles of the trade , either from , our own coast or from Ireland , the supplies are very limited . From abroad we have had a few more car . goes of wheat and barley from the Baltic . The duty on Peas has declined Is . per quarter , which is the only alteration in the scale on foreign produce tliis week . The weather for some davs oast has been
cold and ungenial , which , coupled with unfavourable reports ot the wheat crop received from some of the agricultural counties , have together imparted more confidence to our trade . A fair amount of business has been done in wheat during the week ; two or three parcels of Irish have changed hands with a view to hold over , and our millers and dealers also have bought to a fair extent , paying an advance of Id . to 2 d . per bushel ; the best Irish red has been sold at 6 s . 8 d . to Gs . 9 d ., and good samples of Limerick at 6 s . 3 d . to Cs . 5 d . per ftifos . Old Foreign has been , held ior full rates , and none of the recently imported . Baltic has been pressed on the market . Sack flour has been in request , and an advance obtained of 6 d . to Is . per sack on the late low rates . Choice oafe and meal are scarce , and the extremities of las t Tuesday have been maintained . Barley , beans , ar a peas are without alteration in value from the pr •) . vious week . Vi , } j } P v
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , May 18 _ We have had a small supply of stock at market to day , with a numerous attendance of custon m ™ " Beef Od . to 6 Jd . ; mutton , 7 d . to T | d . ; lamb , «}' to 8 d . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 12 th to the 19 th of April-.-Cows , 815 ; c S 2 ; sheep , 4340 ; lambs , 1487 ; pigs , 8029 ; hors e 8 | § Manchester Cons Market , Saturday , II IAV 1 / 7 Notwithstanding the interruption to business m J \ t caused by the Whitsuntide holidays , rather : . T tfi . demand for flour has been experienced du l ! tl week , doubtless owing , in a great measur e to ft continuance of ungenial weather , together with the !? 5 * ^ S ^ s "avingbecomesomewhaf ireduced . ^ d I t | t ' 2 j ,
and sales to a fair extent have been effecb eti at fujiy the rates previously obtainable . Only j t moderate inquiry existed for oats and oatmeal , in 1 the value of which no change was apparent . At our market this morning a healthier feeling was percep tible in th <» wheat trade than for some time past , and hnMoJa firmly demanded an advance of la . to >* 2 d nP ,. S . Flour moved off steadily , and fully sup ported its late value , but no improvement could be re 4 lised \ Wh a fair consumptive demand for both oa ts and ' whn ^ the previous currency was maintaincr ,. BmSSS m moderate request , and no change j . „ S ^
same price as last week ; beans no . demand y Leeds Corn Market , Tuesioay , May 20—We have lair arrivals this-week , bu't the show of fresh wheat tor this day ' s market ia . rather limited than otherwise . There is no materis J change in the vi , w of wheat , and the demand for fine g £ qualitS % good at last week ' s prices , but in chambered 1 SeV turns we have very little doing . Barley is slov , '"?' to-day , and low prices are tLen , there b eb /^ foreign on the market . Oata and beans very f * last week a rates . y , torn at Mmc-N Corn Market , May 17 . —Wr v derate supply of all kinds of grain of- TeaBa ° - day ' smarlcet . Wheat and barley sar If" ? * ° tUis oats a shade loww .-Wheat , red , 4 " J * S •^ « & ; ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per qr . of 40 at- \ f * i * ° ^ wb « e pir » it , ; oata , &L ? 0 Hid . p ^' g ^ «*• toMfc
The Best Aperient And Antibilious Medioxne For General Use Is Frampton's Piil Of Health, Iraira Custi Relieves Siemacu
THE BEST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS MEDIOXNE for general use is Frampton ' s Piil of Health , iraira custi relieves siemacu
-Foreign Ihobemenfo
-foreign iHobemenfo
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. ^^ HOEEIBLE MaXSLAUGHTEB AT DuKEFlELD . — On Sunday morning great excitement was caused in Dukint ield and the neighbourhood , b y a report that a woman had been murdered in Pickford-lane , a lonely read leading from Stanley Fold to various coalpits at the extremity of the township . It appears that the unfortunate woman , whose name is Sarah Mallinson ( aged 25 years ) , was employed as a cardroom hand at the mill of Messrs . Hyde , Sons , and Sowerby . She had only been living in the neighbourhood about three weeks , having come from Manchester to work . She was known to keep company with , and in fact was far advanced in pregnancy by , a man named Charles Mason , a erinder at the mills
of Messrs . Bums and Dean , Dokinfield . About two o ' clock on Sunday morning the inhabitants living at Stanley Fold heard a female screaming most piteously in the lane adjoining ; several persons got out of bed , and went to their chamber windows in order to ascertain the cause ; and , believing that it was merely a quarrel betweenaman and his wife , no further notice was taken of the matter . A little after three o'clock , however , Sarah Mallinson was found lying in the lane , in a pool of blood , quite insensible , and in that state she was taken to the workhouse . Constable Eastwood waa sent for , and on his arrival he obtained medical assistance , but the woman died shortly afterwards . On examining the body , the skin was found to be bruised in various places , indicating that a
struggle had taken place ; and she appeared to have lost a large quantity of blood from a wound in the leg . It being generally rumoured that Charles Mason had caused the woman ' s death , Mr . Little , the special high constable , along with constable Eastwood , apprehended him the same morning , and he was lodged in the Hyde lockups . In the course of the toy , however , matters came to light , which proved that a notoriously bad character , known in the neighbourhood by the name of " Staffordshire Tom , " but whose real name is Thomas Brown , a collier , and a married man , was implicated . This man , early on Sunday morning , not being aware of the woman ' s death , mentioned to some colliers what
he had _ succeeded in doing , in language of a most disgusting kind ; and , at tue same time , exposed Ms hands , which were covered with blood . On hearing of tbe female ' s death shortly afterwards , he left the neighbourhood in great haste . Some of the colliers , to whom he had communicated the information , waited upon constable Eastwood , and offered their serrices to go in searea of him ; and on Monday two of them succeeded in apprehending him at Newton Heath , near Manchester , whence he was conveyed to the Hyde lockups . On Tuesday an inquest was held on the deceased , and a long investigation closed with a verdict of Manslaughter against Brown , who was immediately committed to gaol under the coroner's
warrant . Fatal Accident . —We regret to have to record an accident , attended with loss of life , which happened last night on the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway . I It appears that a Mr . Cowley , wine-merchant ( some say cattle dealer ) , belonging to Glasgow , hired a special train to convey him to Edinburgh on some pressing business . The journey was performed without interruption till the train had reached within four miles of this end of the line , when the half-past seven o ' clock train from Glasgow , proceeding at a greater velocity , overtook the special train engaged by Mr , Cowley . By this time it was past nine o ' clock , and of course dark , and , as there were no lights on the
trains , and the noise of the one overcoming that of the other , neither of them had the least idea of their increasing proximity until they came into fearful collision , in which the ordinary train penetrated through the carriage of the special one , and thus crushed tbe unfortunate passenger to instantaneous death . . We understand that no other person sustained any serious injury , though , several of the carriages were thrown off the rails . The accident was immediately communicated to those connected with the raUway ^ at the terminus here , when a party was forthwith dispatched to clear the line against the coming of the mail train . —Edir&mgh Advertiser of Taesday .
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THE LAN ] D ! Within that land was many a malcontent Who curs'd the tyranny to which he bent The soU full many a wringing despot saw ' Who work'd his wantonness iu form of law . BrsoN . "The land is the people ' s inheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . " —Feasods O'Coksoe . ATROCIOUS PERSECUTION OF TnE HIGHLANDERS—THE SCOTCH LAND-UOBBERS UNMASKED . We take the following letters from the Tivaes of Tues . day and Wednesday last : — Leitee I . THE CtEABANCES IN THE HIQHtANDS OF SCOTLAND . Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire Hay 15 .
, Those who remember the misery and destitution into which large masses of the population were thrown by the systematic " clearances" ( as they are here called ) carried on in Sutherlandsliire some twenty-five years ago , under the direction and on the estate of the late Marchioness of Stafford-those who have not forgotten to what an extent the ancient ties which hound clansmen to their chiefs were then torn asunder—will regret to learn that that heartless course , with all its sequences of misery , of destitution , and of crime , is again being resorted te in Rossshire . Amongst an imaginative people like the Highlanders , poetic from dwelling amidst wild and romantic scenery , shut out from the world , and clinging to the traditions of the past , it requires little , with fair treatment , to make them almort idolize their heritor . They would spend the last drop of their blood in his sen-ice . But this feeling of respectful attachment to the landowners , which money cannot buy , is fast passing away .
This change u not without cause ; and , perhaps , if the dark deeds of calculating "feelosophy , " transacted through the instrumentality of factors in some of these lonely glens—if the almost inconceivable misery and hopeless destitution in which , for the expected acquisition of a few pounds , hundreds of peaceable and generally industrious and contented peasants are driven out from the means of self-support to become wanderers and starving beggars , and in which a brave and valuable population is destroyed—are exposed to the gaze of the world , general indignation and disgust may effect what moral obligations and humanity cannot . One of these " clearances" is about to take place in the parish of Kincardine , from which I now write ; and throughout the whole district it has created the strongest feeling of indignation . This parish is divided into two districts , each of great extent ; one is called the Parliamentary district of Croick . It is so named from one of the churches which by a grant from Parliament about
eighteen years ago were to be erected in the most remote parts of the Highlands , having been built here . The length of this district is about twenty miles , with a breadth , of from ten to fifteen miles . It extends amongst the most remote and unfrequented parts of the country , consisting chiefly of hills of heather and rock , peopled only in a few straths and glens . This district was formerly thickly peopled ; but one of these " clearances , " many years ago , nearly swept away the population , and now the whole number of its inhabitants amounts , I am told , to only 870 souls . These are divided into three straths or glens , and live in a strath called Amatnatua , another strath called Greenyard , and in Glen Calvie . It is tbe inhabitants of Olen Calvie , in number ninety people , whose turn it is now to be driven out of their homes , all at once—the aged and the helpless as well as the young and strong ; nearly the whole of them without a hope or a prospect for the future .
The proprietor of this glen is Major Charles Robertson , of Kindeace , who is at present out with his regiment in Australia ; and his factor , or steward , who acts for him in his absence , is Mr . James Gillanders , of Highfield-cottage , near Dingwall . Glen Calvie is situate about twenty-five miles from Tain , westward , and is named from a stream called the Calvie , which runs between abrupt hills and rocks , and forms the boundary of the township on one side . This stream is here joined by the river Carron , a tolerably broad and deep rivulet , and on the tongue of land thus formed by the two rivers the cottages are built . Bleak tough hills , whose surface is almost all rock and heather , close in on all sides , leaving in the valley shut in by these streams a gentle declivity of arable land of a very poor
description , dotted over with caims of stone and rock , not at the utmost computation of more than fifteen to ' twenty acres in extent . For this piece of indifferent land , with a right of pasturage on the hills impinging upon it , and on which , if it were not a fact that sheep do live , you would not credit that they couW live , so entirely does it seem devoid of vegetation beyond the brown heather , whilst its rocky nature makes it dangerous andunprofit ! able evetffor a sheep walk , the almost incredible rent of £ 3510 s . has been paid . I am convinced that for the same land no farmer in England would give £ 15 at the utmost . Even respectable farmers here say they do not know how the people raised the rent for it . Potatoes and barley were grown in the valley ; and some sheep and a fe wblack cattle findprovenderamongstthoheather . Eighteen familieshave
each a cottage in the valley ; they have always paid their rent punctually , and they have contrived to support them , selves without assistance in all ordinary seasons . They have no poor on the poor ' s roll , and help one another over the winter . On reference to the poor-roll , I find that the last relief given from the poor's funds was to a widow now dead , who received 5 s . a-year , and 4 s . 6 d . a-year to a sickly girl who was unable to do anything . This relief ceased in 1842 . I am told that not an inhabitant of this valley has been charged with any offence for years back . During the -war it furnished many soldiers ; and an old pensioner , 82 years of age , who has served in India , is now dying in one of these cottages , where he was born . For tho convenience of the proprietor , some ten years ago four of the principal tenants became bound for the rest , to collect all the vents and pay the whole in one sum .
The " clearance" of this valley having attracted much notice , has been thoroughly inquired into , and a kind of defence has been entered into respecting it , which I am told has been forwarded to the Lord Advocate . Through the politeness of Mr . M'Kenzie , writer , of Tain , I have been favoured with a copy of it . The only explanation or defence of the " clearance" that I can find in it is , that " shortly after Mr . Gillanders assumed the management of Major Robinson ' s estate , he found that it became abaolutely necessary to adopt a different system in regard to the lands of Glen Calvie from that hitherto pursued . " The " different system" is , it appears , to turn barley and potatoegrounds into a sheep walk ; and the " absolute necessity" for it is an alleged increase of rent .
It was accordingly , in 1843 , attempted to serve summonses of removal upon the whole of the tenants . They were in no arrear of rent ; they had no burdensome poor ; for 500 years their forefathers had peaceably occupied the glen , and the people were naturally indignant . Who can be surprised ? On the constables going amongst them with the summonses ( notices to quit ) , they acted in a manner , which whilst it shewed their excitement , not the less evinced their wish to avoid breaking the law . The women met the constables beyond the boundaries , over the river , and seizing the hand of the one who held the notices , -whilst some held it out by the -ivrist , others held a live coal to the papers , and setfire to them . They were afraid of being charged with destroying the notices , and they sought thus to evade the consequences . This act of
resistance on their part has been made the most of . One of the men told me , that after this attempt to summons them , hearing that they were to be turned out because they did not pay rent enough , they offered to pay £ 15 a year more rent , and afterwards to pay as much rent for the place as any other man would give . The following year ( 1844 ) , however , the four chief tenants were decoyed to Tain , under the assurance that Mr . Gillanders was going to settle with them , they believing that their holdings were to be continued to them . The notices were then , as they say , in a treacherous and tricky manner served upon . them ; however , having been served , a " decreet of removal" was obtained againstthem , under which , of course , if they refused to turn out , they would be put
out by force . Finding themselves in this position , they , entered into an arrangement with Mr . Gillanders , in which , after several propositions on . eithev side , it was agreed that they should remain in possession till the 12 th of May , to give them time to provide themselves with holdings elsewhere . Mr . Gillanders agreeing to pay them £ 100 on quitting , and to take their stock at a valuation . They were also to have liberty to cany away the timber of their houses , which really is worthless except for firewood . On their part they agreed to leave peaceably , and not to lay down any crop . Beyond the excessive harshness of removing the people at all , it is but right to say that the mode of proceeding in the removal has been temperate and considerate .
Two respectable fanners became bound for the people that they would carry out their part of the agreement , and the time of removal ha ? since been extended to the 25 th of this month . In the defence got up for this proceeding , it is stated that all havfc been provided for ; this is not only Hot the case , but seems to be intentionally deceptive . In speaking of all , the four principal tenants only are meant ; for , according to the factor , these arc oil with whom he had to do . And this is not the case even with regard to the four principal tenants . Two only , a fet&er and son , have got a piece of black moor near Tain , twenty-five miles off , without any house or shed on it , out of which they hope to obtain subsistence . For this they are to pay £ l rent , for seven acres , the first year ; £ 2 for the second year ; and £ 3 for a continuation . Another old man with a family has got a house and a small lot of land in Edderton , about twenty miles off . These are the
whole who have obtained places where they may hope to make a living . The old pensioner , if removing him does not kill him , has obtained two rooms for himself and family , and for his son ' s fanrily , at a rent of £ 3 or £ 4 , some ten miles off , without any land or means of subsistence attached to it . This old soldier has been offeredSs . a week by the factor to support him while he lived . He was one of the four principal tenants bound for the rent j and indignantly refused to be kept as a pauper . A widow with four children , two imbecile , has obtained two small apartments in a bothie or turf-hut near Bonar-bridge , for which she u to pay £ 2 rent , without any land or means of subsistence . Another man with a wife ana four children , has got au apartment at Bonar-brid ge , at £ 1 rent . He goes there quite destitute , without means of living . Six only out of eighteen households therefore have been abli to obtain places in which to put their heads ; and of these , three only have a means of subsistence before them .
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Untitled Article
A Conscientious Judob . —Judge R . M . Shearn , of North Carolina , has resigned his office . In doing so he says— " During the time I have been in office , 1 have had seven fights , a great number of quarrelshave been indicted twice—and I conceive the greatest act of justice which I can do the public and myself , is to resign my said office of justice of the peace . "American paper .
Untitled Article
THE NORTHIRN STAR , f
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1316/page/7/
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