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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, MAY 31, 1815.
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Ireland
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE DEre ^ M OF KJ WITH-THE CHTOCH UC BAKOEB . Bran * Mat 26 . —The association to-day denounced he ministerial KB f « *« establishment of provincial colcgei . Hr . CConnell said , I came here to denounce this Academical Education Bill—( cheers)—to denounce it from one end to the other—to denounce the system it is formed upon . ( Hear . ) I now , as a Catholic , entirely condemn this execraHe bilL When I came here I had some sad foreboding that division might arise among us on the subject of this nefarious W 1 L I apprehended that division bj which the cause of Ireland has been so often injured , but now that is impossible—this association is unanimous in condemnation of the measure . ( Cheers . ) It was said that exclusive education ought to be avoided as an eviL
TViir , religious education must of necessity be exclusive . ( Hear . ) There should be no mixed education in teligion ; but This bill contained nothing that could be called " mixed : ™ it was an undivided evil . ( Hear . ) A more nefarious attempt to pollute and corrupt the rising generation of Ireland never was conceived . What signified Greek and Latin acquired at the cost of character , of religions feeling , and jmtriotism ? ( Hear , hear . ) Oh ! it ivas brought in at an ominous period , at the time that the usurper of the throne of France was engaged in trying te destroy the natural influence of the clergy iu France—to Weaken the attachment of his subjects to religion . The Tory and Whig press in England had aided the King of France in his assaults upon the Catholic religion . There no man would be appointed to any office of trust—no man would receive a commission iu the army without a certificate from the infidel universities which Louis Philippe bad established . He called them infidel universities
because avowed infidels were appointed to the professorships , and the whole system pursued in them was calculated io lead to infidelity . He did not wish to go over to London , but if his attendance in Parliament were necessary to defeat this wicked bill , he would go over . ( Cheers . ) He did not contemplate the bill would be amended so as to meet the wLJits of the country , so all he wanted at present was , to have it thrown out altogether . ( Cheers . ) Sir . O'Connell concluded by declaring they were all united in their opposition to this bill , and would use their utmost exertions to defeat its being passed into a law . Mr . Henry Orattan spoke at some length in opposition to the bill , which he said was conceived in a spirit of hetUih jacobinism , lie rejected the bill , and hoped it would te kicked over the bar of the house . There was no other country in the world suffering so much as the Irish ; if any had as much cause of complaint it would tarn out in arms to seek redress .
Mr . O'Connell objected to the latter opinion expressed by Mr . Grattan . The Irish were too well instructed in politics to think of talcing up arms to obtain their political rights ; and their enemies would not desire anything more favourable for the continuance of their oppression . Ho ; they would succeed by the adoption of loyal and constitutional means . Mr . John O'Connell next denounced the National Education Bill after the manner of his revered parent . r-EOCLAXATION- OF WAR WITH " YOUSG IRELAND . " Mr . Barry spoke at some length in favour of a mixed education , which he said was calculated to promote harmony and nationality . Mr . ZI . Conway condemned the arguments used by Mr . -Barry . Mr . Davis said that after the speech of his old friendbis Catholic
friend—Mr . 0 ConnclL—I hope 'tis no crime to be a Catholic , sir ! Mr . Davis . —I do not mean so . Mr . O'Connell . —Why that sneer , then ? Mr . Davis proceeded to say , that dissension had kept Ireland in distress for centuries , and be hoped that dissension now would not destroy measures calculated for the good of the country . He was an advocate for the good of the country . He was aa advocate for the principle of mixed education , because it was natural to suppose men would cordially unite in after life for the good of their country who had been educated together in the same colleges . He denounced the bill on various grounds , while he approved of the system of mixed education . He adverted to the speech of Mr . John O'Connell , and observed that he was an honest man . A Voice . —And the son of an honest man . Mr . O'Connell . — -That is not the drift of the speech .
Mr . Davis continued to speak in support of his views . He fully approved of the memorial of the Catholicbishops , because the bill provided no religious instruction , and because it gave the patronage of the colleges to the government . Mr . O'Connell replied to Mr . Davis , and accused him of acting not in a spirit of fair play , by suppressing passages while purporting to read extracts from the act and the bishops * manorial . This was not the first tune the spirit displayed by Mr . Davis appeared here . The same kind of thing was going on in a paper purporting to be an organ of the Catholics—the organ of a party lately set up , calling itself « Young Ireland . " He denied there was any such party . ( Hear . ) A few persons assumed this tide , but he denied their influence over the people . He was for " Old Ireland , " and he had no doubt that Ireland would stand by him . The time had come when the public would understand the party calling itself "Young Ireland . " Mr . Steel next spoke . The rent was announced to be £ 310 , and the meeting separated .
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w . ' . w i" 'in' ¦ = payment oa Saturday next , unless b y that timesuch evidence were adduced by the defendant as would justify a departure from that award . To this Mr . Collier assented . The facts connected with the Vistula are of painful reminiscence . Captain Fielding , in place of attending to his instructions , went to obtain , surreptitiously , a cargo of guano at the Cliincha Islands , -without leave of , or the customarj payment to , the authorities . He was caught , his ship seized , and himself , amongst others , imprisoned in Callao , and treated with , so fat * as we have heard , great severity . He contrived , however , though strongly manacled , to elude the vigilance of his Peruvian keepers , and got on board of the Saladin , a passenger , alonj ; with his son , a bov . While in that
vessel he formed a conspiracy , with a great part of the crew , to murder the master and mate . These two were accordingly murdered , as were also eight of the crew . After that horrible transaction , six of the crew survived , including two who had taken no part in the transaction . These , after they had been some time at sea with Fielding , became fearful for their own safety , and secured , as far as they could , the knives and arms in the cabin ; and , continuing to be still more and more alarmed , they determined to make away with him . They secured him and bound him down to the cabin floor for two days , after which they threw him overboard . They then held a consultation as to the fate of Ids son , which ended in his
destruction m a similar way . All this was the work of four out of the six survivors . The ship was afterwards , iu her homeward voyage , overtaken by another vessel , and taken into Uew Brunswick , where the four aggressors were tried , and , being convicted of the murders , executed . The full details appeared in our paper last year . The claim for wages made by the steward ( Blenman ) on the owners of the Vitula is the first that has ever been preferred ; and he states that there is but another man , the second mate , who can make any claim , the two alone being the only men who accomplished the voyage , until the seizure , the others being shipped at Valparaiso . — Liverpool Standard of Tuesday .
The Northern Star. Saturday, May 31, 1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , MAY 31 , 1815 .
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"THE STATE OF THE COUNTRY . " LORD JOHN EUSSELL'S "LITTLE NOSTRUMS " FOR " BIG BLUNDERS . " Moxuat last was a great day for the poor ! On that day statesmen descended from their usual partyelevation , to talk of the " condition of the people . " True , talk was the "be-all and the end-all" of the proceeding : hut the talk was had , and the poor , ior once , formed the subject of a "debate" in that House which is supposed to represent the Commons of England , but which , it is well known , is as far removed from common opinion as any two oppositcs can possibly be from each other .
This "debate" had been somewhat anxiously looked for . It was long since announced , by the opener of it , with a great , deal more of promise than has attended on the performance . Before the close of the last session of Parliament he proclaimed the great things he would attempt during the present session , if Government did not take the matter out of his hands , and be prepared to submit measures of a comprehensive nature to enable the people of England to obtain their , ; us « object , — " a fair day ' s wage for a fair day's work . " On that occasion he distinctly stated , that "it was impossible not to see that the labouring classes had not advanced in comfort
and welfare , in proportion to the other classes of the community . " He spoke of " the inadequate means which the labouring people have to supply their families with the comforts of life ; " of "the extreme labour undergone in the manufacturing districts ;" of "the discontent , which at short intervals is ex cited in both the agricultural a nd manufacturing counties : " he instanced these things , and contrasted them with the improved means of the higher classes , who "have advanced in luxury beyond measure , "and with the middle classes , " whose available means
for the diffusion of comfort and the enjoyment of life have prodigiously increased ; " smikepromised , that if Government failed in the effort he invited them to make , he would introduce a measure to effect a more equitable diffusion amongst the la bouring people of the advantages which civilization andimproved knowledge have conferred on all the other sections of the community . Such was the promise—such the hope held out by the leader of " her Majesty ' s Opposition : " we have now to see how near perfobhaxoe has come up to expectation .
The evils enunciated by the little lord undoubtedly exist . The means of the labourers are notoriously inadequate to procure evea the necessaries , to say nothing of the comforts , of life . Not only have these means " not increased during the last century , " but they have wofully decreased . A century ago we heard not of starvation ! A century ago , and the bellies of the workers were comparatively well-filled —their backs well clothed—and their dwellings furnished in a substantial manner , accordant with the taste and the notion of comfort of the time . It is as notorious
that the means of the higher and the middle classes have " prodigiously increased" during the same period . The evil is evident—manifests itself on every hand . This was the thing to grapple with , therefore . Deal with this , and the effect so eloquently deplored would cease . To this , then , ought the attention o ^ the statesman to have been directed . He ought to have set about the ascertaining of the cause ; and then the devising of an adequate remedy . Whether this was the course pursued by Lord John Russell or not . we are now about to examine .
After the Noble Lord had introduced his subject , and detailed , at some length , the condition of the labouring people , he thus descanted oa the cause of the evils he had spoken of : — I am now going to trace , in some degree , the alterations which have taken place in a long course of years , going back to the period of the last century , before the revolu tionary war . At that time we had a debt of £ 250 , 000 000 . We had to pay between £ 14 , 000 , 000 and £ 15 , 000 , 000 of interest on that debt . We had a poor rate amounting to about £ 2 , 500 , 000 . The praclici of making aUoicmces to the labourer out of tltepoor rate urns thes unknoum ia Ms country . Now , sir , in the course of the war , which began in
\ t $ d , various changes took place—changes much for the worxas concerns the situation of the people—changes , the effect of which , I think , we are still suffering under , aud which , from time to time , have been brought under the consideration of this house . In the first place ice had an immense inccrase of our debt sun a proportionate increase of our taxation . That increase of ocr debt was hade i > - T 8 B HOSTEXTBAVAGAXT HAKNEB ; and many of the loans then contracted were contracted in such a manner that more than six per cent , was paid as interest , that six per cent not being reducible , but remaining to a future time ; because , for iustance , the sum that was borrowed in 1797 was on the terms of £ 200 , Three per Cents , being given to
the lender of £ 100 to the Government . I see that it appears in the tables at the end of Mr . M'Culloch ' s late work on taxat ion , that oa £ 400 , 000 , 000 borrowed during tho war , the interest teas more titan five per cent , on the capital . Now , sir , when in the beginning of last century a debt was contracted for the war , all the interest which was necessary was engaged to be paid at a time when that interest was reduced : so that Sir Robert Walpole , during the long peace which began in 1713 , was able , during his administration , to reduce the interest on the debt by about onehalf of the total amount it was at the end of the war . That has not been doae by any minister of this country
, in considering the mode in which the debt of the last war was contracted . At the same time , in considering our taxation of £ 50 , 000 , 000 a year , we have to reflect that the greater part of that taxation was rendered necessabt bv obligations of public faith-tfat itisoutof ourpower toalie ' r it—andthatthewholeamountofourexpenditurewhich we can touch consists between the amplest and narrowest expenditure for a peace establishment , of a sum of £ 3 , 000 , 000 . In one mode or other , either by direct or indirect taxes , ' we must bear the great amount of taxation necessary for the payment of the interest of the public debt , astliatis an oVAgationfrom vihich tec wmnotesaipe , frou the eieects
of which we CANXOT be believed , except perhaps in the way proposed by the right honourable gentleman opposite , viz ., by a transposition of- taxes from those articles which press heavily to those which press less heavily on the industry of the country . Except from some such proposition , the house has no escape from that weight of taxation . There is another subject upon which very great alterations were made during the war . I allude to the subject of the currency . I allude to what the right hon . baronet opposite called the fatal measure of 1797 . Ue tendency of that measure ims greatly to degrade Vie labourer—to diminish the talue of the wages of his labourThese
. w&ges have never increased in FBOPOBI 1 ON TO THE DEPRECIATION tH THE VALEE OF hoset which thes took place , while , at the same time , that depreciation in the general currency of Vie country led to the effects which such a depreciation has always produced . It led to expensive modes of living—to sudden engagements—to high profits—to the neglect of that vigilance and forethought , without which there is no true prosperity in ordinary times either in agriculture or trade , and the neglect of which , at the period I allude to , entailed lasting evils on the country . ( Hear . ) Sir , I do not say that etfher iu that respect we can make any great change which would be beneficial to the labourer . I believe the
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measure proposed by the hon . baronet in 1819 , and the bill which he proposed last year , are founded on sound principles ; and , without discussing at this moment whether they were adapted to the times when they were brought foward , I think it would be a great misfortune if the house were to endeavour to depart from the principles sanctioned by those measures . At the same time we must recoHert that those measures produced certain evils , and that they had disadvantages accompanying them . The contraction of the currency , which followed the measure of 1819 , produced great evils , and contributed much , among other things , to the injury of the industrious classes at the time , as well as afterwards .
The cause here indicated is the true one . It were the unrighteous and the unnecessary wars with America and France , with their attendant increase to our debt and our taxation , that produced the " change for the worse , as concerns the situation of the people . " It were these wars , undertaken to put down the rising spirit of liberty and prevent a Reform of the Parliament at home ; it were these wars , with the Bank Restriction of 1797 , and the immense issues of paper , and the consequent extrava gani loahs in a depreciated " money , " at sis per
cent .: it were these things thatproducedthat " change for the worse" of which Lord John Russell spoke , and " from the effect of which we are still suffering . " Lord Jonx was right so far . The wages of labour did not increase in proportUm to the depi-eciation in the value of money . There never was an instance in this world yet of wages increasing in proportion to the depreciation of money , whenever depreciation has been effected ; and this fact ought to weigh well with those who are now seeking a measure of depreciation , compared with which all we have seen in England has been but a mere flea-bite . But while
wages did not increase in the proportion spoken of , the debt did ! and taxation in a far greater proportion still ! Add to this the other evils enumerated by Lord John— " the expensive modes of living ; " "the sudden engagements , " and "the neglect of that vigilance and forethought , without which there is no true prosperity , either in agriculture or trade . " Take a view of that whole question , and in it you see the cause of the labourer ' s poverty , and of that discontent and misery which threatens every now and then to over-topple the whole nation . Wages dib
noi increase in proportion to the depreciation in the value of money : and therefore the additions to the debt and the taxation of the country were but so much more taken from the labourer ' s means than had been taken before such additions were made . This was the beginning of that " change for the worse , whose effects we now feel . " There is an old adage , that " you can't have your loaf and eat your loaf , " perfectly applicable to this case . If the wages of the workers did not increase with the depreciation in the value of money , and if that depreciation necessarily caused , as it necessarily must , articles of pro . duce to be much enhanced in price , iliat alone
would make their condition worse by the amount of the disproportion between the increase of wages ( where increase did at all follow ) , and the depreciation of money . But when to this we add the immense amount of new burdens imposed—the doubling and trebling of taxation ; when we reflect that all this was but so much abstracted from off the tables and backs of thelproducers of wealth , who Lad , in effect , diminished means with which to meet the new demands of the tax-gatherer ; when we reflect on all this , we shall be at no loss to divine the cause which has jreduced the working classes to the do plorable condition described by Lord John Russell .
Lord John , therefore , started on the right scent , in his hunt after causes . He followed that scent np pretty well , and even exposed to view the fox it would appear he was disposed to run down . But having done this—having started on the trackhaving set us on , in full cry , after the beast of prey , himself the huntsman ; having done this , he quietly draws off , and allows the beast to safelt run to earth , alleging that we cannot be permitted to run him down ! Metaphor apart—the plain fact is , that after Lord John has described to us the cause of the evils he deplores ; after he has made this manifest—he
tells us that it cannot be interfered with . The cause is there ; it has produced , and is still producing , misery unendurable ; discontent threatens even the existence of society itself : and stilt that cause is not to be touched ! The aggressive wara on the liberties of the world produced debt and grievous taxation ; they caused extravagant mans , in depreciated money . This increased debt , and "NECESSARILY" increased taxation have swallowed up the producer ' s means ; they have been the all-absorbing instrument by which the wealth of society has been sucked out
of the hands of those who made it , into the lap of those who "toil not , neither do they spin ; " they are clearly the cause why the workers do not get tficir share of the wealth they create , and why the other classes of society get more than their share : and yet , when all this is as apparent as the sun at noon-day , that cause is not to be meddled with , but to be still allowed to extend and perpetuate its monstrous evils and this , too , by the statesman who brought the evils before the senate for the purpose of applying a re medy !!
And yet , we have not seen the whole of this strang « paradox . Lord John , besidesahowing the evil effects of the war and extravagant loans in a depreciated paper-money , also showed the additional evils which have resulted from the attempts to remedy the misery-engendering effects of depreciation . He instanced the Peel ' s Bill of 1819 , and the new Bank Charter , Act of last session . Though "founded on rightprinciples , " asheaverred , "theyhaveproduced great evils , and contributed much to the injury of the industrious classes . " Wliy did they contribute to the injury of the induatriousclasses ? Because they
contracted the currency , while the "engagements " recklessly and extravagantly entered into during the period of depreciation , were Mi sacred , and maintained to the full , under the false and lying pretence of " national faith "! The debt , although " borrowed at more than five . per cent , on the capital , " was held to be honourably contracted ; the taxes , which had been just upon trebled , were held to have been necessarily and justly imposed J the salaries of the Judges and the officers of State , which had been doubled and more to meet the increased prices of produce , were held to be no higher than they ought
to be , even when a measure was being enacted to reduce prices of all sorts to just upon onehalf what they were when these Salaries were nugmented ; the continuing of the "pretty misses" of the aristocracy or the pension-list , for service done in secret , was held to be right , even to those whose platters had been robbed to supply the wages of prostitution : all these things , with many more of a sunilar . nature , w « re held to be just and proper : and the " engagements" were maintained while the prices of produce were reduced ! With reduced prices came reduced wages to the labourer
Though these had not increased in proportion to the depreciation of money , they decreased to a far lower point than they started from , when these nefarious choppmgsandchangmgs of tkecurcency were resorted to . As a necessary-consequence , the pressure of the debt and the overwhelming taxation was more severe . If tho exaction of the additional taxation during the period of depreciation was but a taking from the means of the producer , even when his wa « es had somewhat increased , what must the exaction of that same amount of taxation now be , when his wages have decreased so far below the point he started from ? If the one was an evil , the other must be an > il too monstrous to describe ! Lord
John shows that both evils exist ; ho shows also that they have produced their effects ^ poverty-stricken , discontented , ignorant mass of toilers on the one hand , and a sensual , enjoying , squandering , voluptuous class on the other . And yet these effects are not to cease ! The cause of them all is not to be touched ! " The greater part of our taxation is . rendered necessary by obligations of public faith , and it is out of our power to alter it . " Is it ? We shall try some da /! But , then , had the " little lord" no remedy—no balm for the cankering wounds he thus so ostenta tiously opened , up to view ? Did he content himself with a mere exhibition of the social disease , that lie might proclaim there was uo cure-no hope ? 0 ,
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no ; he did not exactly do tills . He had his reme dies—ready-made—never-failing—certain in operation—sure to cure . And what , iu heaven ' s name , were they ? Wheat at 6 s ., or perhaps 5 s ., or perhaps 4 s- » " fixed duty ; " and a " systematic plan of colonisation . " There are "little nostrums" for " big blunders ! " Admit of the importation of wheat , when the price is low [ a . t home , at 6 s . duty , and you inevitably produce a reduction of all prices . Reduced prices will just have the effect , in proportionate extent , that Peel ' s Bill had ! It will add to thepressurcoftheDEBT and taxation ; and that will be a relief ! If it is , it will be an Irish one-As for the " plan of systematic colonisation "—which
simply means Emigration- ~ itdoes not deserve a single word . Tho bavo fact , that the Government cannot take parties" out" at a less expense than some £ 20 a-head , is a " settler" to that scheme . To enable one thousand persons to emigrate would cost £ 20 , 000 ; and when that amount was expended , what better would those left behind be ? We say nothing of the condition of those who go—the hardships—the disease—the death they meet with . Put that all out of sight : and confine attention to the abstraction of that number from the labour market at home . What effect would it have ? Would it be a drop in the bucket ? And even if it would , where is the £ 20 , 000 to come from ?
And these are all the NOSTRUMS that the " littlelord , " but GREAT STATESMAN , could adduce from Ms budget of wares . Tell us not of his chaffering about " education . " It was the physical condition of the workers that he was considering . He proclaimed that no measures of education could be effectual till the physical condition of the people was improved . He said : — I think you cannot expect that any measures which you may propose for the general education of the people will bo effective unless you improve the physical condition
of the people . I do not think that a man struggling to obtain the subsistence necessary for the support of life will be able or willing to make those exertious which are necessary to give education to his children . It was to the physical condition , therefore , that he mainly addressed himself , inthehope that by improving that he should prepare the way for a just and enlightened education of the whole people . His remedial measures , therefore , have to be judged in reference to . the wants of his case : and how niiserablj " small" they are !
So far we have treated the matter as if Lord Jonx had been perfectly sincere in his endeavours to legislate for the workman ' s good , and that no party purpose was iutended to be served by the course he took . We own to a sort of misgiving on this head , when we reflect that the general election is so near at hand , and of the importance , at such an event , of a " GOOD CRY . " If there was anything of this sort in the little lord ' s calculations , he is likely to be out in his reckoning . The "bid" he has made is not high enough . Even with the Leaguers he will not Lave made his peace . The Times , in reference to this part of the subject , well says : —
The most specific suggestion in this multifarious address was on the Corn Laws . The onl y addition Lord J . Russeii has made to the public stock of information on this subject is that he lias descended from his 8 s . fixed duty of 1841 to 4 s ., or perhaps 5 s ,, or perhaps Gs . It is difficult to comprehend why his original proposition should be so slightly corrected for so doubtful a result . As liis Lordship is now rather winning adherents then choosing a course , he may prefer to content himself with the least possible show of change . Let him , however , save himself the trouble of an exact decision of a point which evidently
costs so much labour . Peel will underbid him . " The day will come , th' inevitable day , " when Peel will make a clean holocaust of the Corn Laws , offering up what the Irish Catholics call " an unqualified and uncontatninated gift" to the free-traders . He will not do things by halves . Cannot Lord John Russell see this in time ? Henceforth it is his fate to be behindhand in the market . While he is haggling for his odd shillings , and thinking to allure the purchaser by the doubtful tone of his denials , a more desperate and determined salesman interposes , aud throws him out of the market .
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Moses Simpson , Shelton , —The general rule is , for the extra payment on the delivery of letters , that the place be distant one mile from the Post-office . At tho same time there is a discretionary power wo believe , ia the General Post-master , to recommend extra charges for dehverios within a less distance , when tho total amount of business at the Post-town is but small . A Constant Sobsceibeb , Mosslet . — The iRddlesex Journal is probably filed at Peole ' s Coffee House ; or at the British Museum . If at the latter place , it can be Ecenfrec of expense , G . L . M . —The "National Petition" was conveyed to the House of Commons on a piece of framework prepared for the purpose . The whole was too bulky for the door of the House of Commons , and the petition had to be taken in pkce 6 before it could find admission . It was
laid in heaps , or bundles , on the floor of the House . James Helliwell , Hepponstall . —It is likely that tho objection taken against the officer-elect he speaks of , wilt he held to be valid . Tho qualification for such office is , that the person filling it must be a ratepayer ; if he is not a householder he cannot be a rate-payer , ' and , therefore , not qualified . The objection may be defeated by the party in question taking another house and claiming to be rated . He would then be able to prove thattie was a rate-payer at the time of election and also at tho " visitation . " '
T . Fabbee , London . —As we did not publish the letter impugning his conduct , it ia not necessary to insert his explanation . We think the fact , that upwards of £ 70 has been realised h-om meetings under his suporinten deuce , and applied to worthy objects , ought to have secured for Mr . Farrer and those who have acted Sh him , the esteem and good-will of evPw Ohn . « ? , * « £ p ^ z £ >^
ass : f " oVr irr Sot n P ft P n Cari } ncc of s « ° h epistles in relation to parties ~ m . S haV ° become a bye-word for infamy and reproacu , ls disgusting to the reader , and serves no V ° a % c rpose > We wen * out of our way to insert Ur , aitttt S first letter . That letter set Mr . Kicld rigu Tfitu tnc pubhc ; and the subaequent conduct of the " villanous bxwhen" has only injured themselves , and not Mr . Kidd ,
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John M'KewEN , Bdrt . —Ho must pay his proportion . Beadfoed . — Messrs . Sumpter ' and Smith acknowledge the I following sums , received for the Executive : —From Mr . I It . and family , Is . Gd . ; T . M ., ls . ; in small sums from £ the Chartists of Littlo Horton , 5 s . 6 d . The subscrip . i tion books will remain open to the second Sunday in 1 June . . 5 J . H ., Kewca 8 ti . e-on-Ttne . — Yes . A shareholder in 1 the " Co-operative Land Scheme" can dispose of it , cither before he is elected on to the land ov afterwards . Wihum Tueneb , Halifax , had better consult an attor- i ney , laying before him tho instrument he speaks of . ' \ He can then tell of its intent and scope , and answer t his query with something like certainty . £ J . H ., Giossop . —If a marriage settlement was executed , ' of course it is operative , even under the circumstances i
narrated . The parties were married , as tar as the church aud the law could effect a marriage . ; W " . J ., Cabdiff . —No doubt that he is liable to be rated , j He must pay the amount demanded , or go to prison , j unless he can succeed to set it aside as excessive , on an < appeal : and the remedy would bo worse than the ' disease . i J . Skevinotok , LoraHBOEOOOH . —We have not yet seen a j copy of the report he speaks of . Can he send one ? ( Wm . Feiein , Mansfield . —Two acres of good land , well ; cultivated , would produce sufficient for the keep of an ordinary family . In taking land , it will be advisable to have it iu proximity to a large town , to secure the advantage of a ready market . J . H ., Glossop . — Mr . O'Conncll votedfor the renewal of the Whig Irish Coercion Bill—though many of the Liberal
Irish members denounced it as being more atrocious , aud more detrimental to public liberty , than the first Coercion Act . Wm . Walkeb , Salford . —Mr . Clowes promised to write on Saturday last . Send your address , and you will receive a letter detailing particulars . J , S ., NewcastIiE-under-Ltne . —Once , five shillings . Me . Georoe White and " Mb . " James Mosley . —We have received the following from Mr . George White : — " 65 , | Cross-street , Manchester-road , Bradford , May 17 , 1845 . I lately addressed a meeting at the Bazaar in Leeds , at which I had occasion to administer , what I consider a well-merited castigation to Mr . James Mosley and others . The meeting ( a crowded one ) , with the exception of one man , were unanimous as to tho justice of my remarks—so much so , that they returned mo a vote of thanks for my services to the Chartist cause . I have now to forward you a most indescribable epistle from Mr . James Mosley , referring to my remarks
on that occasion . I may bo allowed to say that he received nothing at my hands but what the men of Lecd voted to bo his deserts . He , however , demurs , in his own excellent style , and issues somewat like a threat towards me . If you think proper to print his letter verbatim , youhavo my full consent ; aud you may also add , that I am prepared to meet him at any time he pleases before a poblic meeting of the inhabitants of Utds . Yours' truly , George White . "— The letter from Mosley to Mr . White we do not insert—it is too blackguardly—characteristic of tho man . Dare he accept Mr . White ' s offer to meet him before the public of Leeds ? We shall see . It is not the first offer of the sort that he lias declined . He was once charged , before hundreds of his own neighbours , with receiving money for dastard purposes ; and he wanted a small select party to hear and examine on the accusation . He was then advised to go before the public , and purge himself : but he declined . Will he do so on tho present
occasion 1 His bluster will now be put to the test . William Allen , Cbewe , —It will be far safer for tho friends he speaks of to have their laws enrolled under the Benefit Societies' Act . They will then secure the direct protection of the Ian * . But if they do not think thut step advisable , they can , no doubt , prosecute on a bond , if they take care to have it correctly drawn up .
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Ihe Convict Connor . —On Friday ( the 23 rd May ) the sheriffs and other civic authorities waited upon this wretched man in the condemned cell in Newgate . After conversing with him for a few minutes , they made known to him the day that had been fixed for his execution . They advised him to make the best use of the short time between that day and Monday , the 2 nd day of June , as he would suffer the extreme penalty of the law at the latter period . He paid the most profound attention to the advice of the sheriffs , and on their naming the day for the execution ho heaved a deep sigh , his lips quivered , his eyes rolled in their sockets , and his whole frame became fearfully convulsed . The sheriffs having taken their departure , the culprit shook his head and faintlv said / fit *^ »* v ^ ft * - ****** I
. . " Ah , me ! Ah , me . " Upon going to bed on Friday night , " he appeared for the first hour or two to be rather restless , but shortly afterwards he fell into a sound sleep , and did not again wake till early in the morning . His conduct on Saturday was much the same as has characterised him during the preceding week . The impression made upon his mind by the visit of the sheriffs appeared to have in a great measure wovn away , and he partook of his meals with apparently a good appetite . Now that the day has been fixed for the execution , no one is allowed to visit tho criminal without first obtaining an order from the sheriffs . It is therefore probable that his father , mother , and sister will not 6 ec him again till Friday or Saturday next , when they will be allowed to take their last farewell of him .
I he late Duel at Portsmouth . —Sunday . —We are glad to report that Mr . Seton ( the gentleman wounded in tho late duel with Lieutenant Hawkey , R . M . ) is going on as well as could be desired ; all the symptoms exhibited by the wound are favourable . He has been permitted by his surgical advisers to cat some oliicken for his dinner to-day , the first solid food he has taken since he was wounded ; for the last two days his appetite has been good , and he has occasionally taken beef tea , chicken broth , and some portions of boiled egg .. Great hopes are now entertained that he will shortly be pronounced out of danger I he excitement occasioned at Portsmouth and the neighbourhood by this affair has not yet subsidedthe partisans make different statements as to the original cause of the duel , each partv giving his own version of the matter .
haii i e UGIIT / i K '""^ n Monda * an inquest was Md beiore Mr . Payne , the city coroner , at St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , on the body of William lempic , aged forty-nine , who met his death whilst timing a light empty cart down Snow-lull , about eight o ' clock in the evening of Friday last , in consequence of , as alleged , the furious driving of a cabman , of the name of James Holt , one of the sons of the celebrated Harry Holt , the pugilist . The jury returned a verdict of Manslaughter against Holt , the driver of the cab . A Railway Train on Fire . —On Monday evening last , the seven p . m . train from Birmingham to Derby was set on fire when about five miles From the latter
place , in consequence of a number of sparks ilying From the engine upon the carriages . One of the latter , containing about a score pigs intended for the Derby market , was speedily in flames , and the \ uilucky porkers , most of which exceeded eighteen stones in weight , wove placed in imminent peril ol being roasted alive . The guard instantly ordered the train to be stopped , and a supply of water beine afforded by a brook which was fortunately near the fire was at length extinguished , but not until all ik pigs were dreadfully burnt , TWO of thorn WOK killed on the spot , and the rest were forwarded t ( their owner , Mr . Brewitt , of Nottingham , who or-SStff 17 " ' ^^ -
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! \ Accident by Fihe at Bradford . —On Tuesday light a serious accident occurred to a young woman mmed Sarah Greenwood , aged 23 , residing in South , j ate , a power-loom weaver . She had remained up to mish sonic sewing after the family had retired to : est , who , about twelve o'clock , were alarmed by tho ikricksofthegii'l , and on going to her assistance ivcre horror-struck at seeing her enveloped in flames ' She ran out and communicated the flames to some vood shavings which were lying in a timber-Yard idjoining the house . After some difficulty the flames TCi-e extinguished , but not until the poor girl Was leverely burnt . Her brother-in-law burnt his hamfe severely in the attempt to extinguish the flames riic poor girl was conveyed to the infirmary where ihe lies in a very dangerous state .
Brutal Murder in the County op Limerick «« Biglunount , near Ballingarry , Monday morninw . —op Saturday last , about twelve o ' clock , a most " avfui murder of a wife by her husband , and attempted suit side of the latter , took place here . A man named Blucher , married to a woman that kept a dancing . school in this neighbourhood , locked himself up fn his house with his wife , after sending every person out of the way on errands . A short time afterwards a little girl—Blucher ' s child—gave the alarm that her father was choking her mother . Some people collected around the house , and having broken in found him stretched near the door with his throat nearly severed across , and his belly half ripped open with a reaping-hook . They found ' the poor womau quite dead near him—strangled . He is still alive
and under the care of Dr . Graham , and in charge of two policemen . It is said that jealousy is the cause of this horrible murder . —Evening Packet . Fatal Carriage Accident . —On Monday evening Mr . Bedford , coroner for Westminster , held an int quest at St . George ' s Hospital , on the bod y of James Lucas , aged forty , coachman in the service of Lori ? Stafford . Mr . II . Ley , clerk to the House o £ Commons , said that between one and two o ' clock or Tuesday morning last he was passing from Pimlico into Arabella-row , when a carriage and pair of horses passed him at a furious rate without a driver . Witness crossed the road , and met the deceased , and who was in great agony and scarcely able to stand , whs in , formed him that he had just been knocked down by
the horses , and the wheels of the carriage had passed over his chest . Witness led him to the Royal mews , where he sank from exhaustion , and having obtained assistance he was placed in a cab . and brought iiu « mediately to the hospital . The deceased was quite sober . The carriage , after proceeding as far as Buck , ingham-gate , was upset , in consequence of coming in contact with another carriage . The Hon . Stafford * Jerningham said that the deceased had recently entered his father ' s service as coachman , and that on the day following the accident he called at thclioa . pitalto see the deceased , \ yiho told him that his lordship's carriage was drawn up bythe side of the road in
Arabella-row , and whilst standing by the side of his horses a carriage passed him driven at a rapid rate which startled his horses , and caused tkin to run ' away ; that he ran to their heads to stop them , but he was knocked down , and the horses and carriage passed over his chest . Mr . Athol Johnson house surgeon , said that the deceased was brought to the hospital in a state of collapse , with several of his ribs fractured on the right side , and internal hemorrhage was going on to an alarming extent . Ho gradually sank , and expired on Friday morning from extensive rupture of the liver and effusion of blood into the cavity of the abdomen . Verdict , " Accidental Death . " —Evening paper .
Suicide at Manchester . —On Tuesday forenoon last , John Newget , tailor , Long-street , Manchester , committed suicide by hanging himself . It appear * that the deceased has been short of work for some time , and having a wife and four children to provide for , this preyed upon his mind . On Tuesday morning they had nothing in the house for breakfast . The wife , however , between eleven aud twelve o ' clock , had succeeded in obtaining some food , whett , sho sent one of the children upstairs for its father , but , awful to state , the child found the poor man sua . i ponded by the neck and quite dead , 'flic body , when i found , was in a sitting posture , on the board upott which he worked , and the rope attached to a hook hi I the ceiling .
Hydrophobia from the Bite of a Cat . —On Tues * lay week , an inquest was held at the Patten Arms , Warrington , on the body of a labouring man , named James Massey . It appears that , in January last , the deceased was sitting in the Star and Garter pub . lie-house , with other company , when a strange cat entered the room and attracted attention by her dia « agreeable cries . Massey , having been requested bjf the landlady to put her out , proceeded to do so , viieo she inflicted several wounds upon the back part oE his hand with her teeth and claws . She was imme « diately lulled by a man in company , but no suspicion : existed at the time of her being in a rabid state . The wound healed in a short time , and the deceased con-.
turned in las usual health until Thursday week , when , being at Congleton , he felt pain in his arm , but pro « ceeded to Middlewich , where he considted a surgeon , who , suspecting the cause of his indisposition , asked him whether he had been bit by a dog , to which he answered that he had not . After having had some medicine , he felt anxious to get home , and arrived there on Saturday , when he was visited by Mr . Okell and Dr . Rcndrick , but continued rapidly to get vorse , and died on Sunday , about four , p . m ., after moat intense suffering . The verdict of the coroner ' s jury was to the effect that the deceased had died from hydrophobia , caused by the bite of a cat when in a rabid state .
Shocking Suicide . —On Tuesday night two persons who had resolved on perishing together , swat « lowed oxalic acid at a beer-shop in Cross-strcefr a Leather-lane , Holborn , and one of them died . The names of the parties are William Cock and Hannah Moore , and they had lived in the capacity of waitec and lutchenmaid sit the Bell and Crown , and were discharged by the landlord a few hours previous , itt consequence of a very unpleasant discovery , that an improper intimacy had existed between them . Aftec leaving the Bell and Crown they engaged a room at the beer shop in Cross-streetand havinpurchased
, g a quantity of oxalic acid , mixed it in hot water , suf , fered it to become cool , and then swallowed tho poison . Ihe woman expired a few minutes after , wards , m great agony . The poison did not take enect upon the man , who , trembling for the conac quences of his rash act , gave an alarm , and the land , lady , on going into the room , found her lodger in a ; dying state , who soon afterwards breathed her last . Cock was given into the custody ot tl \ epo \ iec , an 4 will be detained until the result of the coroner ' s in . quest is made known . The deceased ia stated to ba only twenty years of age .
Dreadful Accidest . —Toulon , May 21 . —A deplorablc accident occurred this morning on board the ship Diademe . A cannon went off whilst the mere were charging it , and killed two of them and wounded another . Awful Catastrophe . — Bogota , Fkd . 27 . — We learn that on the 19 th instant a slide ef snow and earth came down from the Paramo of Ruiz and de « stroyed a great part of the plain of Maraquita lying between the river Sabandija and Lagimilla . buryins
in its progress towards the river Magdalena all the tobacco plantations , houses , people , cattle ; in fact , everything that lay in its course . The exact nunibec of persons who have perished is not yet known , but it is supposed that at least one thousand persons have lost their lives . We fear the consequences of this occurrence will be very serious to the coming tobacca crop , for not only was the Lngunilla district one oC the most extensive and productive , but we anpreheud ! that the greater part of the people who have perished were tobacco growers , whose loss it will take some tune to replace .
Duelling . —Beulix , May 16 . —A lieutenant has been sentenced to six months' imprisonment for nght * ing a duel at Konigsbccg with a civilian , who was mortally wounded . The seconds of the former vrcvft sentenced to one year ' s imprisonment . Attempt to Murder a Wife by iieb IIushaso . — On Monday night , between nine and ten o'clock , t \ . % neighbourhood of that part of Blackfriars-road neac Webber-row , was thrown into a state of considerable excitement in consequence of a brutal attempt made by a man of the name of Nerton , to murder his wife . It appears that , in consequence of repeated ill treatment , the unfortnnate woman ( not more than thtitg years of age ) had been separated from her husband , who had been confined in Horsemonger-lane prison
for assaulting her , and from whence he had been discharged only a few days , was placed by her sister in a small way of business , with a view to obtain a livelihood at No . 1141 , Blackfriars-road , occupying a shop and parlour only , where she sold cigars and othen trifles . The husband finding this out , and , it is believed , knowing ofthe _ absence of the sister , who had gone to visit some friends near Judd-strcct , went to the shop about nine o ' clock , and entering the parlour , seized a poker , and commenced his murderous attack , striking her violently over the temple and ! back part of the head with such force as to bend the poker nearly double . In his victim ' s efforts to defend herself the bones of her arms andfinsrers were broken
besides other injuries inflicted . The cries of " murder ! ' and " oh save me ! " having been heard by a person who was passing , he rushed in and grapplw with the assailant , and other persons assisted to remove the woman , who had become insensible , an « was deluged with blood , into the surgery of Mr . Smith , close by , when it was found that she had sustained such severe injuries as to render the case not only highly dangerous , but almost hopeless , and Mr . Soitt directed her immediate removal to Guy ' s Hospital ' where she was taken in a cab . In the meantiwo the fellow attempted to make Ins escape , but v » secured by police-constable Lewis , 36 L , and taken to the Tower-street station and locked up .
iNOTnuR Murder in the County of Lwii " " The present disturbed state of this country is ^ } ing beyond all description . On Thurday last ) M ' 22 nd , as Mr . William Abbotfc . of Curduff . in this p » risl wag returning fi-om tho town of Arra , which is aboi six miles from liis residence , he was attacked i" » open day—at six o ' clock in the afternoon—by 'j ? men , and beaten so cruelly that he died in * tc hours , i-. £ wrK « a Awfot ,
Ireland
Ireland
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Distressing Elopement . —Great excitement has been produced by an occurrence which has been brought under magisterial cognisance in Norwich . In consideration for the feelings of two highlyyespected families we shall not name the one party m the transaction , but content oursclre 3 with statin !; that Frederick Fiddyment WcDs , aged twenty-five , late in the service of a gentleman of rank in this county , was on Monday remanded b y the city magistrates , on the charge of having obtained a marriage l ^ usebymeansofperjnry . So far as we are able to collect , Wells has , till within tiie last three weeks been in the service of the gentleman in question who w married to a widow lady having a daughter by a former husband , only sixteen years of age . a ward in Chancery . The family are at present in London , but the young lady was at the mansion in the country , and Wells has been observed to visit the house on several occasions . On Sunday morning , having procured a marriage licence , he by some tneans contrived to take the young lady to Norwich and they were married at St . Benedict ' s Church After the ceremony they repaired to a low publiehoase , called the Two Quarts , but the young lady haying been missed from the hall , and intelligence of her route being obtained , they were traced to then ? place of retreat , and the fact of the marriage having been ascertained , Wells was at once taken into custody and lodged in gaol , and the young ladv was conveyed back to the residence of her stepfather — £ : > ru 1 ' ost .
ExiHiORDKARY Reminiscences . —Wednesday , at the police court , a respectably-dressed and intelligent man of colour , named John Thomas Blenman , appeared before Mr . Rushton , to prefer a claim for wages to tlie amount of £ 1710 s ., alleged to be due to him by Messrs . Rintoul and Zimmerman , of this town , owners of the ship Vitula . Mr . Davenport appeared for the claimant , and Mr . Collier ( of the firm of Davenport and Collier ) for the defendants . The complainant stated that he sailed with the Vitula , Captain Fielding , from this port , on the 2 nd of October , 1812 , bound to Buenos Ayies and Valparaiso and was , as steward , to receive £ 2 10 s . per month . The ship reached Buenos Ayrcs , and proceeded to Monte Video , wheuce she went round Cape Horn .
and anally reamed CalJao . From the last-named port die went to the Cliincha Islands , about 100 mite Aft , in ihe Pacific . There they took in guano , fcut the 1 eravian authorities said they were stealing it , and a Peruvian schooner , formerly a man of war , captured the ship and crew . The captain aad crew were taken to Callao iu custody , when thev were driven on shore , and very ill used . The Vitula was seized , and sold by the Peruvian Government , and the claimant added that the sum stated was due to him as wages . Mr . Collier cross-examined the witness , who said he had received no advance or payment beyond amonth ' s pay on starting , and a dollar afterwards . Mr . Colherexplained to Mr . Rushton that lua clients had unfortunately given the vessel ™
cHarge to uaptam i-ielding , with instructions to proceed to Monte \ ideo , and thence to Valparaiso at which last port he was to do his best for their interests . In place , however , of complying with these instructionshe had , on his own account , taken the Tessel , to the islands named to get guano . He was caught in the illegitimate act and theship was seized and sold . ( The witness read a letter , from which it appeared that the sale brought 15 , 000 dollars . ) Mr . Rushton inquired of the claimant whether he had ever applied to the British consul for his wages , and SA ^ v 1 ^ 1 .. " - He added that the S !^ the Vmd * tive , British vessel of war , then there , fcnew many of the circumstances , and ho be-Sf £ ZSr n ™ ^ Ftfry . He ( diman t ) being rt ^ & $ !?* 1 TiDg •* ^ rented in fpSK *^ * ' ™««» board of aPenman steamer , from which heproduced his discharge ; but as there were political commohW 3
warfaregoingon allthe t unV-with thee successive S ^ ^ * ^ advisable to return to this country . HewishedtogettoMshomeinBarbadoes as seen as possible , and would work his passage if he could find aship . Mr . Collier said thathudients had no wishtowithstanda&irclaimforwages , butasthey bad iieceivedno offlcialaccount relativetothe ealeof jk wwS ,, fteynatnrall yinferred that the crew had wenpaid their wageabythe consul , who , itwas to be SBSgvSCfsJMttS * sSH ? a sife ^< ^ tett&St * " ?/ 1 * factawere suc l gg «^ S eS ^ t aedtohiswages , nnless g ^ sopa . H * ^ nSTfaA , !* " «» feary , and IWtt *» few dS ) 1 n % et > In e ° ^ PJ w . the meantime order
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IRELAND AND HER AGITATORS . W . J . O'Neiix Daunt , Esq ., ex-member for Mallow , and one of the most eloquent of the Repealagitators , has recently published a work under the above title , from which we select from the columns of the Nation the following extract , accompanied by the Nation ' s introduction : — " In the history of the first Repeal agitation by O'Conneli , there is askctchof Feab&us O'Oonkok , which takes us by surprise . Feakgos we have been in the habit of regarding as an empty and illiterate quack . Mr . Daunt paints him as a man of many gifts and accomplishments ; and , consequently , we feel bound to place him several removes nearer Wilkes and Cagliostro , and from Husx and O'Hiogins , than we have hitherto done . Mr . Daunt says : —
" 'Hifi mannei' 3 were excessively conciliating ; in private they were courteous and refined ; in public they were hearty , rattling , and impulsive . He had frolicsome touches of mimicry , nick-name and clap-trap . He now and | then let off a telling pun . His courteous demeanour alternated with a certain indescribable swagger , which however was not in the least degree offensive , and merely indicated the right good opinion which he entertained of himself , without disparagement to any one else . He was a capital raconteur , nis talents as a mimic were first-rate . His was not that mere parrot . mimicry that imitates sounds only ; he was a mimic of sentiment and feeUng ; he could take up the whole train of thought
as well as the voice , and present you with a faithful and exquisitely ludicrous resemblance of mental as well as vocal characteristics . Feaegds also excelled in repartee . Ho had strong satirical powers , a formidable readiness in retort , and could pounc « with caustic and merciless sarcasm on tho weak or ludicrous points of an antagonist : so that whenever any incivility was attempted at his ex . pense , he retaliated > ith a pungency that made his opponent repent his rashuess in assailing him . Woe to the wight who attempted to " tako down" O'Connor ! He was sure to be shown up—tho victim of prompt , stinging , shattering ridicule ; although Feabgus , when not attacked , was remarkable for suavity and excellent temper . "
Assailed as Mr . O'Connor has been by his own countrymen , and especially by the rabid Repealers who have designated him as a " deserter from their ranks , " it is no small tribute to receive the measure of praise which an old . associate and ally , with whom he has zealously co-operated , thus bestows upon him . Its appearance in the columns of the Nation must bo anything but balm to the hypocrites , who , for their own base purpose , would heap . unmerited calumny upon his head , The author , too , deserves no little praise for thus manfully defying the prejudice that his honesty is sure to entail upon him .
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . FOK THE EXECUTIVE . £ S . d . From Derby .. 0 5 9 From Eldcrsic 0 4 0 From Coalsnaughton 0 10 0 From Mr . Briggs 0 10 From York , per Geovge Jefferson 0 10 0 BOOKS , CABD 3 , &C . From Derby .. .. ,. 0 5 0 From York , per George Jefferson 0 2 C
DONCOSBE TESTIMONIAL . From a few Chartists , Dudley , per John Wright 0 5 0 From'William Chandler „ ,. 010 From a few cabinet makers of Liverpool , per Thomas Bonner , o 1 G 0 RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETxVRY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . s . d . s . d , Rochdale ( 2 months ) .. 18 7 Mossley 2 10 Oldliam 7 7 Penzance ., ,, ., 2 6 Bolton DO Sheffield 8 0 Heywood ( 4 months ) ,, 7 t Somers Town .. .. 0 3 0 Crown and Anchor 0 2 0 CAEDS . Bloomsbury , pr Page 0 1 3 Marylebone ( ena-South London Hall 0 3 0 melled ) .. .. 006 Burnley „ .. 010 0 Manchester .. .. 1 5 o
LEVY . Rochdale , T . Livesay 0 6 Rochdale , J . Buckley 0 6 Do ., S . Taylor .. 0 6 Do ., S , Cole .. .. 0 6 VICTIM F 0 ND . Brighton , » 8 3 THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Secretary ,
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RECEIPTS OF CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY , PER SECRETARY . INSTALMENTS . £ S , d , South London Hall , 3 D instalments on shares , ls 4 d each .. .. .. .. .. ., ,. 268 John Johnson ,. » „ , 014 JohnllaU .. .. 0 14 W . Bearman , Booking 0 14 J . Hendrick , Hull .. .. 014 C . Paul .. .. " .. „ , 0 14 Clock-house , Westminster , 4 shares .. .. ,, 0 S 4 W . Markhall 0 0 4 T . B . C , and Sons , 12 instalments of shares .. 0 13 4 S 1 IARES . South London Hall 0 9 3 T . B , C . and Sous .. .. 140
BOLES . South London Hall , 23 „ 0 3 10 Per Wheeler , 5 0 0 10 Mr . Christie , Kidderminster , 4 .. 008 Mr , Gettings , Darlaston , 1 0 0 2 Mr . WilIcocks , Tavistock , l 0 0 2 Mr . Bridgwator , Oxford , 1 .. 0 0 2 Persons sending money or money orders to the Treasurer must send an account thereof to me , or I cannot be answerable for the same . THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER .
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4 THE NORTHERN STAR May 31 , 1845 ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 31, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1317/page/4/
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