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rn WH-MAM " WHERE-ARE-THE-TITLE DEEDS"?
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Jfoittp $ntdltgeme*. ¦
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Deah , dearest Wuliam . —Words cannot express ) r pen describe the anguish your silence lias caused ae . Friday was to me , indeed , a day of sus-^ Jsg . I went to "distant parts" in the hope of tearing from you : but , cruel , cruel , man , Uoyd ' n Dlf and no letter . I spent a sleepless night , will-# to believe in anything rather than your neglect 0 how I longed for Saturday ! I came to town to Ijaidi the first glance before the cherished treasure liouU he polluted by the postman ' s unhallowed oucli : bat judge if you can of my agony on read-• Lackwards and forwards the whole
"broadfket . " advertisements and all , and not aline , not a word , from you . Still clinging to hope , I linrtad for the " Latest , " till Sanday ; and finding EnTself neglected or forgotten , I abanflcEcl mjsclf Ito ' deqair- TVIffiani , dearest William ; why trifle £ b with a too susceptible heart ? Why raise hopes « u never meant t (» realize ? "Why , ah ! why , blast " the innocent bud that the fragrance of your sweet Utatlt had expanded into premature blossom ? You jae w that 1 was young , susceptible , ingenuous , and jon&liug - ignorant in the ways of thi ? too wicked fforM ; a * MM in simplicity . Ah , William , were tou SI ? I am willing to snatch at any excuse that waild acquit you of the sin of neglect .
Alas ! perfidious man ! So you have added the trine of hypocrisy to the sin of perjury ! My cousin Emily has come in just at this moment , and boug ht me VouiVs with a letter to its Editor , signed " James Hill , " which she assures me is ,,-T vn . I was going to revile you : but a maiden ' s " dignity rushes to my aid . Know , sir , that if I ha ve a woman ' s weakness , I possess a woman ' s p ride . I ebliterate your perfidious name from the tablet of mv memory "for ever !"
In some of your previous letters , you cautioned me asainst " problematical contingencies ; " such as fliesc of a treasurer to a large fund dying to spite the subscribers ; the chances of failure ; the almost certainty of the fund being swallowed up by legal quirks and quibbles ; and , above all , against the machinations of " wil y solicitors , " who would contrive to swallow op the monies . Tour last letter to UwuTt editor , to my astonishment , makes the following revcalment : —
The title of the estate in question [ the VTretton estate , uHchthe " subscribers" in Wisbeach and Peterborough lure reason t « tnoir so well ] is good and undisputed , and t " nc < 3 eedsareheldliya gentleman who was the solicitor rftlif society , aud was then living in lYisbcacli , but has aace removed to Leeds , in Yorkshire , where he is now r .-sdiug . His name is J . S . Ilincks , Esq . ( formerly of the t S « My respectable finnof Messrs . Tottie and Hincks ) , and iastonn agents are Messrs . Hadam and Hischoff , CoptJoU-coart , ThreadneeiUc-street , who , 1 h » ve no doubt .
c « a'd be referred to if necessary , who has so"nc small lien 15 . 011 the deeds for the amount of conveyance , but is jnqiared to give them up to the right ' party , a « d under jT .. } war forms , on being paid this daiin . He can testify to lie correctness of the facts now related , which I mention tccaose , in a publication , the conductors of which had Blister objects which are afxecti-d by the success of the ftuiuual Land and Building Association , there have teen statements respecting the society altogether unfunuih-d .
What , then , -were all the horrors of "failure , " weolation , " " disappointment , " legal quirks and Iswycra' clutching , " drawn from precedent * furnished It the fate of the "PEiEnBOKOt-GH Ixdetesdest Soutrr "?! The title deeds of the "favourably situated estate" arc pawned , are they , to a "griping lawyer" ?! But , then , what of that ? Surely the " subscribers" have only to go from Peterborough in Cambridgeshire to Leeds in Yorkshire , and there to inquire for this "late respectable member" ! of the " very respectable linn" of Messrs . Hindis , Tottie , and Co . ; and , when they hare found him , they have tacn orJii to come off to London , to Messrs . Ilaslam and
lfechoff , Coptball-conrt , Tlireadnecdle-strect , who , you "have no doubt could be referred to if necessary . " Kind condescension . Great satisfaction Too "have no doubt" these parties would " give up lhe 'deeds on the production of proper forms , and on ravins off tlicir efafms . " Ton might have added , ad on payment for those " proper forms . " Now , sir , this is worse than going to Bath , and back to London , and then to Manchester , in search of Mr Roberts . But really , sir , as you are so prone to
ten-lire and condemn on suspicion , how dare yon pen sick an unblushing , impudent statement ?! WHO n * rtgagcd or pawned the deeds ? WHO owes the money due on them ? WHO placed them in the tlau-licsof Mr . Ilincks ? And . above all , what is being d-. mc ivith tlic proceeds of this very " favourably sinatcd freehold estate" ?! Why have not the proceeds been applied to the liquidation of the legal expenses ? Should not the members of the " Veteran faMing Sociftv " look after the "tide deeds" of THEIR " perfumed chambers" ?
In the same number of VoyXs I find the following littlce io correspondents : — We have received from 3 Ir . James Hill a commumca-&a , enclosing a sovereign , which he requests us to hold H a * liis deposit , for a wager proposed relative to the H Chartist Land Scheme , in our papers of the 7 th and 14 th H ef July , and which he alleges to have been written by Mr . Bill , but which ilr . Hill distinctly and truly denied ; add-B ™ z ; that he would wager from one to five hundred pounds B on ihe question . It seems that , bv a mistake of our
B jmatcr , the miuimum was printed £ 1 , instead of £ 100 , B aal O'Connor , as in all cases wherein there is any chance B c : ! o « i : ig , proposes to incur the smallest possible risk , and B catches at the sovereign , which he offers to wager , making B the decision dependent upon an affidavit to be made by H w . VTemnst , however , decline the honour proposed by M lin . MTe shall make no affidavit , to please such a fellow , H * io would be at no loss to fabricate some lie , or to raise B Pwequihhie , for tits purpose o { saving his money . Mr . B l&l will be good enough to receive back his sovereign .
Hf Ah » yoa little rogue . Tour "friend" would S inake Mr . O'Connor answerable for the omission of ES t « ro ciphers by the printer ' s devil . Would yon B We sent the £ 100 , William , if the devil had done 9 ou justice ? But why was not the error corrected 9 in time ? And have you the £ 100 ? If so , could 9 y < m not send it to the " respectable lawyer" at B Leeds , in part liquidation of the sum the deeds 9 were pawned for ? 9 But what a tremendous admission of Carpenter ' s , 9 luat a " quibble" of O'Connor ' s could npset his B wth ! Is his word or his oath at such a frightful 9 discount ? Why man , all he had to do was simply 9 to make the affidavit Bat he could not : and so he 9 ^ as fastened the noose round your neck .
H Well , Will ! So you propose to make the assets of 9 the " United Advancement Society" the foundation 9 of the " National Laud and Building Society ?" 9 Why , Will , your cool impudence bangs Banagher ! 9 -3 ast read this one extract from your last letter : — 9 j The proceedings of the I Wisbeach and Peterborough Bj " liutcd Advancement" ] Society have been long in a dor . S fflam state ; but there stands the broad fact , that no un-Bj fevourable circumstance has been able to alienate their jH K- 'l'trty , and it would be quite in accordance with the H rij «« and spirit of the National Land and Building As-B j ^ tianoa , and that for -which the United Advancement BJ S&deir n-as established , -that the property should b » | Bj trunsi ' erred to the new association , and made use of as one jj 9 j l ' \ llle ' u' ^ tes on which to construct habitations for any | 9 ' ! tmeml > ers redding in the district where it is situate .
M "bat , then , the " broad fact" of a " property " M not being " alienated , " stands upon the " great fact " ma the society being "dormant , " and its title deeds iSr *" ? 1 'AWXED to no less than two firms of lawm yos • Wai . if that is not being " dormant , " what BJ would you all a nap ? In my op ] n } on ) will , you M r ™ Cansht the " subscribers" nappingl-Gooi bye BJ for the present . | 9 £ r « r yours , in the cause of 9 J " JavouiaWy s ; inate ( l Freehold Estates , " fit i > c ™ * Wln | -I- «« -flEr . lHB . f toLE . l ) EEl » . H | 1 . !> . tt ill , if Carpenter should " come to book , " B 9 tell him to " draw it mild . "
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B TO THE CHARTI STS . M Mr » ear FEiESDs ,-Thanks be to God , that after ¦ aboisterousvoyageof nearly thiitcenyears' duration , Kwehavcatleugth discovered a safe " port , where we SB may take refuge and repair the damages inflicted by ¦ the enemies' diotand the desertion of some of our BJcre w . Shattered as every plank of our vessel is , she BfetiU carries her colours at her mast-head . Who can gw flect upon what Chartism tm * , and "the worse " What it promised to be some two months siuce , and ¦ Hook upon it now , and sec what it promises to be , ¦ Miout thankfulness and delight ! It has ever been ¦ my plan to fight the enemy ^ Ith their own weapons . ¦ When we were insultingly told , that " Chart ' iBm was but the howl of the hungry » 1 at enee admitted the ¦ act ; but I contended that it was nevertheless based niKBi principles the knowledge of which never would ¦ have been acquired , jUut lorthc existence of thatiery
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ger . , many you , your , welcomed the suffering that led to a knowledge of the principle , while you yet denied that the cessation of hunger would lead to the abandonment of the principle . I am now afout to grapple with the newest argument of my opponents . It was the fashion of the League , and the Chartist leaders who preferred living upon the League funds to starving in Chartist community , to tell us that " well-fed men were better soldiers to fight for their rights than starving men ; " and now , that the Land plan promises to surpass our most sanguine expectations , the sprouts of the same faction tell us , that "the great
prospects presented by our society , are likely to divert the people ' s attention from the pursuit of their politi cal rights . " Mr . Ambrose Hurst , of Oldhani , in a very funny letter to Mr . O'Brien , is my much afraid that the plan would make tyrants , and masters , and capitalists of two millions of the working classes ; and that the remainder of the population " ivould le fftcJr servants , or ratlier , tiieir slaves . " Well , come ; allowing five to a famil y , the two million occupants would embrace ten millions of our population : and , in my opinion , it would be butter that three millions should even be slaves to ten millions , tlian that—as now—ten millions should be
abject slaves , serfs , to three millions . I wish I could distinguish Mr . Hurst by printing his whole letter : butl will not take such a vengeance . However , I cannot refrain from publishing the following few sentences . Mr . Hurst says : — "I object to the location department on the ground of its inequality . That some lands are more fertile than others cannot be disputed ; as , then , some will receive lands more fertile than others , it is Vut natural to suppose that their crops will be larger . The question , therefore , presents itself for solution , who &niong the members are best entitled to the most fertile lands ? I answer , noce , for two reasons : —1 st Their payments are equal ; and , 2 ndly , all men are naturally equal ; yet nust some of them have advantages ( upon this system ) greater thau the rest , which presupposes inequality , aud thus
inyerts the order of nature . Again , if a man who is more intelligent than his brother members as regards agriculture , should obtain a more fertile plot of land than the rest , Ids gains would be nearly double those of his neigh , hours . It may be urged in reply , that the lands being contiguous to each other , there will not be any , or if there be any , but a trifling difference in the lands : as regards there being no difference , it is a fallacy , for we have barren and fertile lands adjoining each other . And if tlicre be no difference , those lands which are fertile will constitute those lands fertile which lie near them , ad-infinitum , which is self-evidently an absurdity . A difference , theu , must exist , and however slight , it matters not to the point in hand ; for if a difference exists , then there is inequality , which proves that the sum total of his system is to mitigate , not to remove , the evils under which mankind now groan iu misery and bondage . "
Now , then , Mr . Hurst , you deserve diat punishment at my hands ; aud I ask no more . Who ever in this world read such barren stuff ? The only deduction that I shall condescend to draw from Mr . Hurst ' s logic is simply this : —That the equality of man contended for by Mr . Hurst at onee , in the present state of society , precludes his right to eat when his fellow man , quite equal to him , has nothing : and if ever Mr . Hurst condescends to manage a smal l farm next to an idle , lazy , slovenly neighbour , Mr . Hurst will be violating "first principles" if he produces more than that neighbour , because "boUi are equal . " The rubbish of these " first principle" men is really sickening . I should tell you , that after my lecture on the Land at Oldham , ibis same Mr . Hurst got up to ask me a question , and concluded by
making a speech , the burden of which was that he feared the holders of land ivoiddget too much influence , and would acquire an influence over those who now use destructive influence over them . I answered all his objections before his own townsmen , to their entire satisfaction . So much for him . Mr . John Watkins , whose dreadful anathemas against the League you have so often read in the Star , has also taken up the cudgels for the free-traders , and now tells us that nothing can give you the Land but a repeal of the Corn Laws . And what authority do you think he cites for this change of all his previous opinions ? Why , none other than Queen . Margaret ! The poor creature is worth no further notice than the mere observation that " adversity inakes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows . " Let Mm sleep with the League .
I shall now direct your attention to the consideration of matters connected with our future prospects . Firstly , I am asked by several parties , if four acres of land would not be preferable to two ? I should much prefer four acres myself , especially for persons with large families ; and we shall have many , very many—a large majority , of that class . I am asked what the rent of a cottage and four acres would be ? At a " guess , " I should say about £ 7 10 s . I am asked what size the cottage should be ? I should say a good four-roomed cottage , with spacious porch to wash in , and for shelter , all on the ground floor ; windows in front , and back-wall of bouse sliedded and divided for out-effices . The houses should be built so that each occupant could add to them at p leasnre . Each cottage should stand , as near as practicable , in the centre of the land .
Aow , attend to my original reasons for so perseveringly sticking to the subject of the Land . Firstly , then , 1 tell you that no man living , nor all men living , can devise auy other possible escape from the influence of capital , aud from the hell made by capitalists . Secondly , there is no other possible means by which the valuation of individual labour can be established . Thirdly , there is not so healthy , remunerative , or independent an occupation , as that of a man ' s working on his own land , for his own self . Fourthly , there is no other raw material to which yon can possibly apply your united power .
Now think of these tilings ; and let the men who write about " first principles" think of them also . Miud that in France the people are more happy because tliey possess the land : and although a population of nearly forty millions are represented by no more than about two hundred thousand voters , yet their " contentment" has not cooled down the Republican spirit ; but , on the contrary , a very large standing army is required to keep it under : while thirteen millions of Englishmen , with one million of voters , are one in every ten of them " paupers . ' ' In Holland , the working classes have but very small wages , about two-pence a day ; but they have all got land , and are comfortable and happv . In Belgium ,
the population are comfortable , because they depend upon the land in very small allotments , and work it with the spade : and if I required a wholesale testimony of the value of land , here it is . The Nottingham Review published an able article on the Land some time ago ; and , among other things , proved to my satisfaction that the urine of the horned cattle of-England , if saved , was worth £ 28 , 000 , 000 a year ; or -would pay the interest of the national debt . This is quite true : for In Holland , Belgium , and many parts of France , they estimate the urine of a cow to be worth £ 14 : the lowest £ C a year : and the Review , taking the number of cattle in England to be 7 , 000 , 000 at £ 4 , arrives at the £ 23 , 000 , 000 a year .
I hope very shortly to be able to visit Leeds , Bradford , Halifax , fluddersn ' eld , Earnsley , Todmorden , Burnloy , Clitheroe , Coke , Preston , Blackburn , Button , and Rochdale , when I shall be prepared to advocate the " National Chartist Co-operative Land Flan , " and to meet the disappointed advocates of all other plau 3 , on the public platform . Ever your faithful Friend , Fjeaiigcs O'Coxxon . —~— ^ „—
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IvNAnusnonouoii Haxdloom Weavers . —The Hand , loom Weavers arc still " out . " Mr . John Grim . Bhaw , of Barnsley , has visited the town , and addressed a meeting , lie advocated our cause in a manner -which we hope will have good effect with tho public . The report in the last week ' s Star has given uneasiness to some of our Barnsley Mends , in consequence of our not stating that we were receiving aid from Barnsley , Leeds , York , and Doncaster . Our meaning was , that your able appeal had not been responded to by any place , save and except those from which we were receiving aid weekly . The Pitmen ' s Movement .- —A public meeting ( called by placard ) was held on Tuesday night , of the pitmen of Snringwcll , King and Fanny Pits ,
Sheriff Hill , Washington , &c , at a place named Hunt ' s Hill , near Wrcckington . Mr . Win . Hammond , pitman , was called to the chair , and opened the meeting by remarking that during all his life ha had been opposed to injustice , and wherever oppres * sion raised its brazen front he would be there to oppose it . The pitnien , he said , were an oppressed body of men , —their condition was becoming worse , and their wages less , lie then went on to defend the . lecturers of the Miners' Association from the charge promulgated by a Durham paper of advocating another strike , which , he alleged , was a vile falseho . id , and ought to be contradicted . They wanted no strikes , biit they did want , and would strive with all might to obtain , justice . Mr . James Hardy next addressed the meeting , ami entered into a long statement in order to show tlie oppressions practised upon . Miners , and the good the Union was effcct ' iug in UiQ mining couHtics of England , Scotland , and Waiea .
Mr . Duro , from Derbyshire , spoke at considerable length on the benefits of union and restriction of labour , and denied in strong terms the truth of the statement that they wanted a strike , which should always , he said , be the last resort , and should never be entered upon until every moans were tried , and . then only with great caution aud prudence . The Union , he stated , had carried an advance of wagc 3 from Od . to 2 s ., and this had been elfecled by a reduction of from three to four hours' labour each day . He concluded by exhorting tlicm to join the Union ,. The last speaker was Mr . Daniels , Editor of the Zihiers' Advocatt . The meeting passed oil' with considerable enthusiasm , and , at the close , three cheers were given for the Union . Besides the above , meetings of pitmen have been held during the week at Coxhoe , Shotley Bridge , &c , &c , and addresses delivered by Messrs . Swallow , Daniells , Duro , Trice , Hardy , Autv , &o .
yvoolcombeds' Strike at Mn . Band ' s , "Brad--ford . —Tins strike continues with the same determination on the part of the men as ever . A public meeting of the trade was held on Monday evening , at Peckovei- Walks , when Messrs . Flynn , Atkinson , White , and others addressed them , and encouraged the men to continue the struggle . The secretary declared they were in a better condition as regarded the funds now , than at the commencement of the strike . A resolution was carried to continue the-struggle .
Usited Patriots' Benefit Society . —The second anniversary of this prosperous Institution will be celebrated at the Chalk Farm Tavern , Primrosohill , and Regent ' s-park , on Monday , July 28 , with a festival and ball . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., in tho chair ; dinner on the table at two o ' clock precisely The Philanthropic Harmonic Meeting of its members and friends will be held on Tuesday evening next , at half-past eight , at the society house , Mr . J . Skinner ' s ,. Brown Bear Tavern , two doors from Drury-lanc , Broad-street , Bloomsbury .
LANCAsninE . —The next General Delegate Meeting of the Lancashire Miners will be held at the house of Mr . John Yates , Pickley-green , Westleigh , near Wigan , on Monday , July 28 lh . Chair to be taken at 11 o ' clock in the forenoon . There will also be a public meeting , which will be addressed by W . P ' Roberts , Esq ., and several other gentlemen . The evyfor the iortnight , including general contribution , is Is . 8 d . per member ,
Rn Wh-Mam " Where-Are-The-Title Deeds"?
rn WH-MAM " WHERE-ARE-THE-TITLE DEEDS" ?
Jfoittp $Ntdltgeme*. ¦
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ness for the troops to enter . On the 18 th of June , finding themselves closely pursued , the Ouled Riahs flew to their usual place of refuge . After having surrounded the caverns , some faggots were lighted ami thrown by the trench troops before the entrance . Alter this demonstration , which was made to convince the Arabs that the French had the power , if they pleased , of suffocating them in their hidingplace , the colonel threw in letters offering to them life and liberty if they would surrender their arms and their horses . At first they refused , but subsequently they replied that they would consent if the French troops would withdraw . This condition was considered inadmissible , and more burning fajrgots were thrown . A great tumult now arose , and it was
FRANCE . Fjiexch Ateocities w Algeria . —The AMbarof Algiers of the 5 th has the following from Orleansville : — " There has just occurred in the Dahara one of those terrible events which deeply afflict those who witness them , even when convinced of their frightful necessity , and when they are justified in declarW that every thing possible was done to prevent the catastrophe . It is kuown that the corps comm anded by Colonels Pelissier , St . Arnaud . and de L ' Admirault , have been carry ing on combined Operations in the ™» t . < ^ l < mel Pelissicr was busy in nursuinu the Ouled Riabs , who have never yet submitted , as they live in immense caverns where it would be
madknown afterwards that it arose from a discussion as to whether there should be a surrender or not . The party opposed to a surrender earned their point , and a fewof the minority made their escape . Colonel PeWier , wishing to spare the lives of those who remained'in the cavern , sent some Arabs to them to exhort them to surrender . They refused , and some women , who did not partake of the savage fanaticism of the majority , attempted to fly , but their husbands and relations fired upon them , to prevent their escape from the martyrdom which they had themselves resolved to suffer . Colonel Pelissicr then suspended the throwing of the burniDg fajreots , and sent a French officer to hold a parley with the Ouled Riahs , but his messenger was received with a discharge of fire-arms , and could not perform his mission . This state of things continued till tlie night of the 19 th . when , losing all patience , and no longer having-a hone o
otherwise subduing these fanatics , who formed a perpetual nucleus of revolt in the country , the fire was renewed and rendered intense . During this time the cries of the unhappy wretches , who were behi !> suffocated , were dreadful , and then nothing was heard but the crackling of the faggots . This silence spoke volumes . The troops entered and found 500 dead bodies . About 150 , who still breathed , were brought into the fresh air , but a portion of them died afterwards . " We find , too , in the Echo dc V Atlas , thai out of the 150 Arabs , men , women , and children , who were taken alive from the cavern of tho Dahara thirty-seven only have survived . In the Chamber Marshal Soitlt stated that the accounts which hat reached him were so contradictory that he was obliged to send to the Governer-General for a true report , at the same time expressing his utter condemnation of such a . proceeding , if true .
SPAIN . Rislvgs in Catalonia . —The Debate of Saturday has the following announcement of disturbances in Catalonia : — " We received , by express , news from the frontier of Catalonia , announcing that disturbances had taken place in several little towns round Bavcelonia , on account of the levy of one man in five for the army . Hitherto Barcelona and its districi were not subject to this requisition like the other provinces of Spain . A contribution was paid by the inhabitants to the muni c ipal authorities , and they undertook either to furnish the government with the number of men required , or to pay a fixed sum in place of them . The constitutional system not permitting these inequalities in the provinces of the same
state , the government refused any longer to admit the privilege of Catalonia , and transmitted to Captain General Concha orders to have the recruitment lists drawn this year at Barcelona as in the rest of Spain . On the day appointed for the drawing opposition was manifested in several points , at the same time , in the neighbourhood of Barcelona , at Molins-de-Rey , San-Andres Sabadell , Tarazza , Badalona , Espare ' aguera , Colders , and San-Felice de Renon . We have not yet any details as to the character of this disturbauce , but it appears to have been accompanied with grave excesses , and even death in some parts . Thus , at Badalona , the lists were burnt , and two agents of public safety killed : at Tarassa , the alcade was assassinated ; at San Andres , the inhabitants dispersed
the authorities with musket shots ; atMolins de-Rey , the people stopped . the post ,-the public diligences , anl the couriers . This little town being situated at four leagues from Barcelona , in the high road to Madrid by Saragossa , all communications are , for the moment , interrupted . At Sabadell , only live leagues from Barcelona , the Ultra-Progressists , profiting by the popular irritation , had already endeavoured to instal a central junta , in the name of Espartero , aud formed a body of 2090 armed men . This news having been transmitted rapidly to Barcelona , the captain-general set out the same day at the head of a column of infautry and cavalry , supported by some pieces of cannon . The insurgents were driven from Sabadell , with a loss of twenty-five men lulled , and several taken prisoners . The general pursued them to Tarassa , and they are now flyine
through the mountains . At Barcelona , where the two Queens and some of the ministers still are , tranquillity had not been troubled . It is true that several days before General Concha had adopted military measures to repress every movement of revolt on the day of drawing . Strong bodies of infantry occupied the principal churches and buildings , which had served as citadels in preceding insurrections . A battery of artillery was stationed in the square of the Constitution , and all the troops of the numerous garrison of Barcelona had their posts marked out in case of disturbance . The news of these events had been spread through Catalonia with an extreme rapidity . It is not known whether the insurrection has made any way . All was tranquil at Lerida and Tarragona . The authorities appeared , however , to fear some movement , for these two capitals , and their respective provinces , had been declared in a state of siege . "
Spread ovuie Insurrection . —TheilforntVur Herald of Wednesday , quoting the Paris papers of Sunday , says : — "The disturbances at Barcelona caused by the attempt to enforce the conscription have , according to a letter in the Paris Prme , extended to Iguada and Villa Franca , and look so alarming as to have again rendered the projected visit of the Queen to the Basque provinces uncertain . " The same paper says : — "Madrid journals of the lfth affect some alarm at a communication from the Spanisli Consul at Perpignan , to the eft ' ect that some Esparterist refugees had left Marseilles and Toulouse in which fact this nervous functionary sees an attempt at revolution . "
Iue Times of Monday has the following : —Our private correspondence from Barcelona of tho 6 th inst ., obviously of a date anterior to the foregoing , which is no doubt telegraphic intelligence , states that a number of persons , armed with pistols and daggers , were arrested the night before in the act of distributing proclamations , calling on the Catalonians to figltt and die for their ancient fucras . On the 6 th not a soul was to be seen in the streets ; the troops remained under arms , and the conscripts having all fled into
the country , the quinta was drawn at the Town-hall , in presence of their relatives and friends . At San Andres de Paloinar , a village a league from Barcelona , the whole population had risen , and the Alcalde and a detachment of twenty-five soldiers , shut themselves up iu the municipality . Reinforcements were marched to their assistance , who on reaching the village found the rioters erecting barricades . A charge of cavalry , however , dispersed them , and 200 individuals , all natives of Barcelona , were brought back prisoners to that city .
More Murders . —We take the following from the Times of Wednesday : — " Our private letters from Barcelona , of the 7 th and 8 th inst ., mention that the drawing of the conscription had continued , on those days , without interruption , but that it had been generally resisted through the province . Most of the young men implicated in the disturbances that had occurred hail retired into the mountains , determined , it was said , to join the Carlists rather than submit to the Quinta . Four of the prisoners taken , on the Gtli , at San Andres de Talomar , were shpt on the uext day . The only banner hitherto raised by the insurgents was that of ' the Fueros of Catalonia . ' The Queen still remained at Barcelona
but was unable to take her usual rides . The Madrid mail had not reached for two days . The authorities had laid an embargo on the steamer , Balear , which was to be despatched for reinforcements to Valencia . The provinces of Tarragona , Lerida , and Gerona , continued perfectly tranquil . The measures taken by the Government for repressing the movement were prompt and energetic ; betraying , however , a feclins that the revolt might , if not put down , become formidable . On the 8 th inst ,, the Captain-General Concha published two landos . The first oi them says ;— ' Considering that the drawing of the conscription has been seized by the factious as a means for inciting the incautious youth to resist the execution of t . \ e measure , as has been the case on
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Awrcttt Scddex Death : at Hammersmith . — Samuel Turner , a pauper in the union-house , was on Wednesday morning , Jul y 16 th , about ten o ' clock , apparently in excellent health and spirits , talking to the master of the house ( Mr . Davis ) , but in less than three minutes afterwards he fell from his scat in the yard , a lifeless corpse . Medical aid was immediately procured , but on the arrival of Mr . Pratt , the parish surveyor , he pronounced the nan to be quite dead .
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different joints of the province—wishing to prevent so pern icious an example from being imitated in other 'districts , and producing fresh disturbances in the country , and with a view to insure greater effi-Mey to my authority in maintaining pubiic tranauilli ' . y , and in . enforcing the strict execution of the larders of the Coveinment of the Queen in Catalonia , I have decrwil that , irqm this day , martial law bo established in the '' provinces of Lerida and Tarragona , the only two of the principality where it has not yet been proclaimed . ' The proclamation then directs the military commander of the four provinces to institute permanent councils of war in their respective capitals'for the trial of disturbers of public order , and of conspmitora against-the eovernment . or its
authority , < tc , agreeably to the prescriptions of the law of the 17 th of April , 1821 . The second bando "directs that- ' all persons assembling in the streets or squares of Barcelona , to the number of more than four , shall be arrested and carried to the citadel ;' that' after eleven o ' clock , p . m ., no person shall be allowed to apnear in the streets , with tho exception of females , " military-men , ' arid - public functionaries ;' that ' any inhabitant leaving the city , must be provided with a . regular passport ; ' that ' the licences hitherto granted to . citizens authorising them to retain possession of arms , no matter of what description , including even Bludgeons , cease to be available ; ' and that ' - - ' the . owners of such arms must
depositthem , within twenty-four hours , in the fort of Atarazanas ;' . that ' on the slightest appearance of disorder , the ; inhabitants retire to their respective homes ; ' tliaty the manufacturers furnish the autlioritite j with returns of the workmen who shall have absented themselves- during the last three days ;' thata military ; commission be established ' for the trial of consp '! . * , pr 3 r against the safety of the state , of individuals drculating ' - « editious priiite or alarming reports , of the workmen of the manufacturers absent from Barcelona without having given notice to , their masters , or being provided with a passport from the authorities , ' &c . Up to post-hour ( twelve o ' clock at night ) on the 8 th inst ., the completest tranquillity prevailed within the city . "
More Slaughter . —The - Kmes ' of Thursday contains the following : —The Barcelona journals , of the 10 th instant , publish a despatch from the Captain-General , dated Sabadell , six o ' clock in the evening of the 8 th , stating that he had completely beaten anil disperse ! the rebels , killed twenty men , and made ii great number of prisoners . The next day he was to proceed to Tnrrnssa , which he entered , on the morning of the 10 th . Letters from Barcelona , of the 10 th instantj state that the capture of Tarrassa had been attended with much slaughter . General Concha was near king killed in heading a charge with the bayonst against the insurgents posted behind barrioauos . TheGoneval had marched from Tamssato Mavtorell , seven leagues from Barcelona . A central junti had installed itself at Igualada , whose first act
was to invite Espartere to return , and to proclaim the Constitution of 1812 , which fixed the majority of the Queen at eighteen years . On the 10 th , all the troops that could be dispensed with were sent from Barcelona to reinforce the columns operating against the insurgents . Barcelona was tranquil , but the authorities had arrested and lodged in the citadel a number of individuals implicated in the last insuricctionary movements . Tho postscript of our Paris letter mentions that the government had received a despatch dated Barcelona , the 13 th , announcing that General Concha had entered Igualada without striking a blow , that the members of the junta had dispersed , and that the revolt was almost entirely appeased . Tho Paris National , of Tuesday , asserts that 3000 men had taken up a hostile [ position in the
mountains . A Letter from Barcelona of the 10 th , gives the following account of the entrance of General Concha into Tarossa : — " General Concha , on arriving yestordaymorning , at six o ' clock before Tarossa , received a discharge from the guns of the insurgents , which wounded several of his men . General Concha himself was at the head of the troops , and his humane orders were 'In advance , no quarter ! ' The soldiers immediately charged the barricades at the point of the bayonet , and took them , and massacred every one whom they met , whether they opposed them or not . Upwards of 100 persons were killed on the side of the insurgents before mid-day . In the afternoon the firing continued , but the number of victims is not yet knovrn . "
PORTUGAL . Tiie Elections . —Lisbon , July 9 . — The electioneering labours of the Government and opposition partics proceed with unabated activity . A royal decree has just been published , announcing that tlie province of Minho is to return sixteen deputies instead of nineteen , and founding the alteration upon " a mistake or a typographical error , " which scandalously enough set dowuitha nMmber of householders in the province at 2 j ) , 000 beyond the mark . This export facto accuracy of statistics may have aome connection with favourable opposition prospects , to be blicrhted bv the
timely discovery of a clerical blunder . Absurd exaggeration is the order of the day . The Opposition prints describe the Government as " assassins , " and the Ministerial journals , in return , dub the Septembrists " Robespierrcs . " Senhor ltesende , vice-president of the Opposition committee in Aviero , has been placed under arrest b y the civil governor of that district on the charge ot attempting to seduce from their allegiance some sergeants and soldiers of the detachment quartered in that city . The Opposition retorts with a showy announcement of "frauds , violence , and crimes" committed by the agents of the government in the recent registry .
BELGIUM . Strike of Workmen and Serious Riots . —Brussels , July 14 . —A letter from Bielefeld , near Dusseldorf , says , " All tlie workmen employed in the viaduct Schilderche struck yesterday ; the same is the case on the whole line . They demand an increase of lfr . 50 c , on their wages , This morning ( the lith ) they have committed serious excesses , fhe ofiicers and the police have been ill-treated by them ; 2 , 000 workmen are encamped on the road , and are demolishing the works which are begun ; the drums are beating here and a battalion of Fusileers of the garrison is going to Schilderche with their arms loaded . Further particulars to-morrow . " -
SWITZERLAND . The Diet . —The ordinary session of the Helvetic Diet was opened at Zurich , on the fall inst . The entire corps diplomatique with the exception of tlie Apostolical Nuncio , assisted at the ceremony , which took place at the Cathedral . After the usual prayers , the Burgomaster , M . Furrer , delivered an address , from which we extract the following passage : — "You recollect , gentlemen , that the majority of the Cabinets which maintain diplomatical relations with Switzerland , have , on the occasion of the disturbances that occurred in March last , and of the armed aggression against a confederated state , manifested lively apprehensions , some by friendly exhortations , and othei'S by more serious representations upon the consequences that might possibly accrue from those
events . It our country has , on the one hand , a right to expect from the justice of friendly powers that no impediment should be opposed to the spontaneous and independent development of its external relations : on the other hand , we can only claim that right , as far as we are concerned , when we conscientiously and scrupulously observe the precepts ot international law , and tolerate the existence of no element calculated to compromise tranquillity or friendly intercourse with other states . We may , nevertheless , derive confidence from our possessing , notwithstanding the great agitation excited by so ninny conflicting elements , the necessary power of energetically
Drevcnting the recurrence otacts of that nature . We may consequently hopfe that a good understanding will continue to subsist unaltered between the Confederation and the foreign Powers , and I find the cheering proof of it in the presence of their worthy representatives at tho solemnity of this day . " After this speech , which appeared to be well received by the Conservatives and the corps deplomatique , tlie deputies repaired to the usual hall of their meetings , and , after the verification of the powers , the chief of the Vorort read to the assembl y a long account of their administration since the close of the extraordinary session .
UNITED STATES . Liverpool , Monday , July 11—The usual unerring punctuality of arrival supplies us with the despatches ot the Caledonia steamer to-day . This arrival puts us in possession of full particulars relative to the appointment of Mr . M'Lane . We are enabled to state , on the best authority , that the appointment-of the Hon . Louis M'Lane to the post ol Minister to England has special reference to the adjustment of the Oregon question . It will be found when the facts are clearly stated , that the discussion of this aflair at Washington has reached a nnmt .
which renders it desirable to have a particular proposition submitted to the British Government , and Mr . M Lane takes the mission on this ground . This matter is a subject of much controversy in the American papers . The Government paper says " > Vo congratulate the country on tha appointment of Loins M Lane as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to London . He has been invited to the public service without the slightest solicitation on Ins part . This able and experienced gentleman accepts the office of minister at the most distinguished court in the world , at one of the most eventlul crises which could occur , in the relations between
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the two countries , and when the most important interests ot his own nation are involved in the issue , Ho carries with him to the courb of Si . James ' s great talents , extended experience , particularly at that court where ho formerly represented the interests of the United States with great distinction , rrudent , farm , and sagacious , he will assert and maintain the rights of his own country , without violating the respect which is due to the British Government . He is orthodox on the great questions which now divide the country , and in none more so than on the important questions of Texas and Oregon . ' ' Liberation op Govunson Dorr . — Thomas W . Dorr has at length been set at liberty bv the legislature of Rhode Island .
The late General Jackson .-The funeral solemnities in honour of the memory of General Jackson took place at Washington on tho 28 th . The President and cabinet ministers were present . The funeral oration was delivered by Mr . Bancroft . CANADA AND XEW BRUNSWICK . There is nothing of any special moment from Canada . Liberal subscriptions were being promoted in all districts of the country for relieving the ' sufferers by the Quebec fire .
The Btjtxnm ( Canada ) Gazette remarks upon the unusual number of raftsmen that have been drowned on the Ottawa river this season . It is stated that not less than eighty Jives have been lost dKring the season . Within a week past , it is stated ( that no less than three cases of drowning have occurred in that neighbourhood . In one instance a crib of timber was swept by the current past the very difficult entrance of Buchanan ' s Slide , and carried . " over the tails ; in the . other the crib was wrecked in the Slide . . .-
-NEW BItUKSWICK . St . John , June 12 . —Fires in the Woods . —We regret to learn that extensive fires have been raging m the woods in various parts of this province for some days past , occasioning much damage and destruction of property . On the Saint Andrew ' s Road about fifteen miles of woods have been consumed , and it is said that a settler and his family , consisting of several persons , have lost their Jives by the fire . One of the bridges has also been destroyed . On the Hampton Road , about twelve miles from this city , the fire has been raging with much violence , and Campbell s Inn had a very narrow escape on Tuesday , having been several times on fire . We also learn that on the Nerepis Road the fire is extending
frightfully , and that the woods all through to Gagetown have been b'Tiiing for several days . The fires have also approached near Fredericton , occasioning the loss ot a number of houses and barns . Accounts from other pavls of the province state that considerable damage has been sustained , and unless we have some timely showers of rain , the effects may be verv disastrous . Tlie heat in this city on Monday and iuesday last was intense , the sun presenting a livid , blood-like appearance , and the atmosphere beinr strongly impregnated with smoke . On Tuesday the wind , winch was from tho west and north-west , changed to tlie northward , which cleared the atmosphere , and rendered the lieat less oppressive . Since writing the above , we learn that Mr . Wilmot ' s mills , at Black River , very narrowly escapeil being burnt yesterday , three cottages near by having been consumed . Immense volumes of smoke were
seen to ascend yesterday in that direction , and we learn that the tire is spreading very rapidly . The mills of tlie Messrs . Reed , at Little River , were also in great danger , and one of the city engines was , yesterday afternoon , sent out to render assistance , in case tlie fire should communicate to them . We were informed by a gentleman from St . Stephen , last evening , that a number of houses in that section of the province have been destroyed , and that the fire has crossed over to tlie American side . Several liouses were destroyed at Calais last Monday ni « ht , causing a loss of about 0 , 000 dollars , besides one or two ut Robins Town . From all the accounts we have re ceived , it appears that there never was a time when so many extensive fires wore simultaneously raging in tlie woods , and the long spell of dry weather has rendered everything very combustible and easy ot ignition , thus offering every facility for the spread of the destroying clement . —New Brumwichr .
Annexation op Texas . —A letter from New York , June 30 th , says : — " President Jones , of Texas , under date of the 4 th inst ., has issued another proclamation , declaring— ' That the Government of Mexico has accepted the conditions prescribed on the part of Texas , as preliminary to a- final and definite treaty of peace . Therefore , I do hereby make known tliese circumstances to the citizens of the Republic , until the same can be more fully communicated to the lion . Congress and Convention of the people , for their lawful action , at the period of their assembling , on the llth of June and the 4 th of July next rand pending the said action , by virtuo- ' of the authority in me vested , I do hereby declare and proclaim a cessation of hostilities , by land and by sen , against the Republic of Mexico , or against the citizens and trade thereof . ' Oil the subject of annexation it would be
idle to waste words . The case may bo summed up in a few short sentences . The opinion is becoming universal , both in this country and in Texas , that annexation is inevitable ; and the prevalence of this opinion will greatly strengthen tlie annexation party . Tlie terms and conditions are matters of much more uncertainty . What is to become of the Texas debt , after disposing of all their revenue , &c . ? I know it is hoped , and in many instances taken for granted , that the United States will assume that debt , on receiving a transfer of the public lands of Texas . But I do not believe in this dream . Tlic repudiating states , in my opinion , will not accede to such an arrangement , while thej ; are left to struggle against bankruptcy and prejudice . Nor -will the northern states , that are able to meet all their engagements , harken to such a proposition . "
A Great Indian Council has recently been held within the limits of the Creek nation , at which the following tribes were represented , viz ., the Mucogees , Seminoles , Chickasaws , Choctaws Sliawnees , fielawarcs , Piankcshaws , Osages , Kickarpoos , Q . uapaws , Peolies , and Cadoes . Governor Butler , Colonel Logan , and Lieutenant Flint , of the United States army , were also In attendance . Speeclics were made by the Chiefs of the several tribes , all concurring in the object of this Council , to clear the path and make all white where it has been spotted and darkened with blood , and to extend the white path to the very doors of their brothers , the Camanches and Pawnee
Mahaws . Uie usual token , a plug of tobacco , was prepared , attached to-which were white beads ; a deputation of the Cadoes bore the first , and of Osages the latter . Should a favourable answer be returned friendly manifestations of the Creeks by tlie Camanches and Pawnee Mahaws , it is contemplated by the King of the Muxcogces to call another much more grand and extensive affair , at the Great Salt Plains , during ihe summer or fall . Some of these sons of the forest are very striking in their appearance , manner , and demeanour . Black Dog , tlie Osage chief , is a man of great stature , about seven feet , powerful frame , with a voice attractive and commanding . He spoke about five and a half minutes to this effect : —
" Brothers , your talk is good , but your beef is better . " He and each of his party consumed , the first four days , twelve pounds of beef , falling then to eight , which rate they maintained throughout the time they remained .
IMPORTANT FROM TEXAS . We have news from Galveston , Texas , to June 14 th . The principal event of which we are informed is the issuing of a proclamation by President Jones , in which lie announces the conclusion of a trcatv with the Government of Mexico , subject to the ratification of the congress and convention of the people , by which the independence of Texas is acknowledged , and proclaiming in the meantime a cessation of hostilities by land and sea against Mexico . It appears from the proclamation , that the treaty between the two powers was ncgociated through the good offices ol the representatives ofGreat Britain and France ; the terms or conditions of the treaty were not laid before the public with the proclamation of President Jones , but have since been presented to Congress . They are supposed to be four in number , and to relate : — " " 1 . To the recognition of independence .
" 2 . The refusal of Toxas to be annexed to the United States , or any other power . " 3 . The establishment of boundaries . " 4 . The providing of an arbitration , in case the parties should not agree upon a boundary . " _ None of the inducements which led to the negociation , as a matter of course , are mentioned in the document . The private history of the transaction is also withheld . The indemnity spoken of by tlie Mexican letter-writers , as gathered from the Havannah press , does not appear , as we learn , in the treaty , nor does the guaranty of England and France . Captain Elliot has arrived in New Orleans .
lire River Plate . —Advices had been received in Jvew York from Rio Janeiro to the 17 th May . They stated that on the 2 ? th uU . Mr . Ouseley , the new British Minister to Buenos Ayres , had proceeded from Monte Video on the 27 th ult ., with two steamfrigates , and that the French minister had left a few days previously to the date of the advices in a frigate . It was believed that the war would be terminated immediately . General Riviera had arrived at Rio Janoirofrom . Rio Grande , „
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NEW ZEALAND . ^ f ^ Particulars op tub latk CosFLicT .-We haTfr received New Zealand papers to the 1 'JtUot fitarca last . We subjoin the following important extracts from the ; lucM «» d Times oi March 18 : — Bat of Islands . —The British settlement at this place-the earliest , if not the moat important over which tiie British flag lias waved—is utterly swept from off the face of the earth , and its inhabitants , to
the number of at least 50 U souls , despoiled of every possession , are now refugees in Auckland , we are enabled , by the indulgence of his Excellency , to lay before the public the following official communication : — Russell , March 11 , 1845 . On boiivd her Majesty ' s ship Hazard , 5 p . m . Sir , —I have the honour to inform your Excellency , that about four o ' clock this morning the town was attacked on all sides , by a party of about 21 ) 00 anuod
. The small ami men anil marines of her ilajtstj ' s slilp Hazard , under the command ol Captain KouencOii ( who I am sorry to say is dangerously wounded ) , endeavoured to drive them back , but in consciiuencc of the block house being surprised and tukcu , his party wore obliged to retire into tlie stockade in the town . Soon nftcrwnrds a simultaneous attack was made , and a heavy fire was maintained on both sides for throe hours , when the assailants were repulsed , and retired to the hills , where they remained . At one o ' clock , tlie magazine in the stockade unfurtuntitcly exploded , aud several persons were severely hurt aud contused . The greatest iwvtion of our amiuumiura being exhausted by this fearful circumstance , it was deemed advisable to embark the inhabitants and troops and evacuate the town , which was then immediately entered by the natives , who arc now busily engaged plundcrinc . . ¦ ¦ -- ..
I am sorry to say that the casualties on the part of the Europeans have been very great . The greatest praise is due to the officers andcrew of II . it . ship Hazard , for their conduct on this occasion . I have , ic ., &c , ( Signed ) George Beckham , Mice Magistrate . To his Excellency tlic Governor . The town is thoroughl y ' sacked , burnt , destroyed ; the amount of the loss of life on the natives' part is variously stated , but we think tlie nearest approxU mationto the truth would be about seventy killed , and wounded . The amount of property of course as regards'homo and happiness cannot be estimated , but the loss of merchandise we beficve to be Jittlo shorl of £ 40 , 000 . lief ugces to the number of about 500 have come into Auckland , many of them favoured > b y the kindness of Capt . M'lveiver , of the United
States corvette St . Louis , and tlie English whaling ship Matilda . It is hoped that sterling exertions ¦ will be made , not merely to give our unfortunate countrymen instant assistance—that , of course , will . be a matter of expectation , but to give them permanent settlement amongst us . At the same time we are desirous to give assurance that no danger is at hand , although much preparation to meet it is wisely on foot . In a communication from Lloyd ' s agent , the writer says : — "It is impossible for anyone to say where or when these disturbances will end . That the New Zealanders have been greatly underrated is now apparent . The home government will nowbe undeceived that the peaceable possession of this colony could bo maintained by about 100 soldiers against a native population of 120 , 000 . To maintain our position even in the towns , not one less than 1000 regular troops can do so ; aud unless this force is sent the colony is not worth living in ,
BRAZIL . Falmouth , Jult 14 . —Arrived this morning , her Majesty ' s packet Crane , Lieut . Lewis , from Rio do Janeiro , May 25 ; Bahia , June 6 . —The leading news by this packet is of the arrival at the imperial capital * f his Excellency Don M . lliveraj who not having been able to rally his strength , after the victory of . India Mucrta by Oribc ' s troops , and being warmly pursued , escaped into the district ot liio Grande with a few of his followers , and , with much difficulty and hairbreadth escapes embarked on board a steamer , iu which
he arrived up at Rio de Janeiro on May 15 , where ho was received with much respect by the government and diplomatic agents . The policy that would be adopted by . tuc various pmvnvs . especially by the imperial government , on account ot this event , wasnuuhnuwa , both on the part of the general and of the blockaded city . No restriction bad been placed on his liberty , lie is represented as a very fine fellow . The Rio Grande disrict was again in a sad state of disorganization , and its recent pacificator , General Don Bento Manuel , had been cruelly murdered . Largo bodies of troops had hecn dispatched thither from Rio do Janeiro .
CIRCASSIA . iMrORTAST NEWS . — COSSTASTlSOrLE , JuNE 23 .- » News lias just arrived from Circassia of a most important nature , but in repeating them I will say that they require confirmation . I will now state just what I have heard—viz ., the Circassians have taken from tho Russians , after some hard lighting and severe bloodshed , the Castle of Sotcha , on the coast of Abascia . Sheikh Shamil had arrived at the head of the River Kouban with 30 , 000 men , and had called upon , the inhabitants to furnish one man per house , which would make a very large force . WoronzoiF'u troops have been beaten by the Daghistanlees , and three or four ship loads of wounded have been sent to the Crimea . Many of the Poles in the Russian army
had deserted to Shamil , so that Woronzoff , being in want of men , offered a bounty of sixteen carbovanz ( each worth 3 s . 6 d . sterling ) , to raise reinforcements at Akheska , without being able to get many , lie further sent a number of Mussulman ulcmas ( doctors of the law ) from Crimea , with their mufti , to Shiimil , to try if they can open negociationa to treat for tcrraa of peace , of course merely to set the Circassians to sleep . Shamil , aware of the treachery , had three of them put to death . The Russian army is suffering dreadfully from a scarcity of provisions , and the soldiers will have to wait for the new crops before they will have a sufficiency of food . The crops in Circassia , though very scanty last year , are good this season , but my informant docs not know how they have turned out in the Russian towns and Caucasian provinces .
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V hun Tlierefore of in distress OL . VIIL NO . 401 . LONDON / SATURDAY , JULY , 19 1845 pill ^^^~ ¦ ¦ - - __ ¦ ¦ .- ^" V- * - "' ™ ' Eftc Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter ItlHrr / lM 'Pt * n « Afn * aM ...... . _^ i « . ** ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^^^^^^^^*^ m—m—mam ^ m *^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ m ^^^^^^^
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„ . . ; . ; i v ,.- ^ - ,,,, .. ; :,, :: . 7 / . AND NATIONAL TRMM JOnTOAT ,
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 19, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1324/page/1/
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