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RICHARDSON, MANUFACTURING CUTLER
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Afpaluxo Accident. — On Tuesday evening a most appalling event happened on board the Moonshine steamer, which runs from London-bridce to
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THE " NOKTHEKN STAtt. SATURDAY, AUGUST 23,1845. .i
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ESTABLISHED 1 S 05 , Near the Church , Kensington . f \ AEDEXERS'Pruuing , Crafting , and Budding Knives VT i n SheaOi , Is . 6 d . each ; shutditw , 3 s . each . " These knives are made of tlie best materials ; I al . w » tb use them . " —Vide the late VTm . Cobbett in his English Gardener . Kakeg , Hoe ? , and Gardening Tools of everj description . Best made Razors , Black Handles , 6 s . the case , or 3 s . each ; mounted in Ivory and Silver ditto , 10 « . the ease , or 8 s . each ; Good Black Handled Knives and Forks , 12 s . per Dozen ; Ivorj Handled Ditto equally reasonable KlCHiBD . OS ' S > " EWLI-I . NVESTED KNIFE BoAKDS , W . iTrantedtokeip knives nitli a good edge and clean , and also to give die forks a fine polish between the prongs . Three-foot Boards , cased with Leather aud Cutlers' Composition . 5 s . fid . each ; Gardeners' Ditto , 2 s . hy enclosing & Posi-office order prompt attention may be relied on . Goods Sent to any part of the world . N . B . Wholesale and Retail .
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COALS . PROVIDE FOR WINTER . "PROVIDENT FAMILIES , snhscribin » Is . per week to i the Metropolitan Coal Companv ' i Shilling Club , can obtain four half tons annuallv , without further charge , fines , &c . The Compaq ' s price current is , Best Screened Iff allseed , 25 s . ptr full ton ; Seconds , 2 li , 22 s ., and 23 s ; Coke , 17 s . Sd . Office , 279 , High Holbotn .
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CHEAP . ELEGANT , AND EXPEDITIOUS PRINTING . f * 1 OUMITTEES , Managers of Exhibitions , Conccrt-\ J rooms Theatres , Benefit Societies , andpublic bodies generally , will iind it much to their advantage to giv « their orders to T . STUTTEK , 3 and 4 , Church-row , Bethnal-green , London . Cards , Is . per hundred ; Handtills , by taking twenty thousand , 2 s . per thousand ; Post . : n £ -bills , 5 s . per hundred . Orders from the country , containing a remittance , promptly attended to . Goods delivered within five miles of London . Give your orders to T . Stutter , 3 and 4 , Church-row Bethnal-green , and save at least fifty ptr cent
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A HINT TO THE ECONOMICAL . Thirty per cent , fated . ALL Ttrsons who wish to save their money , will purchase their HATS at DUNN'S MANUFACTORY , 82 , Chiswell-strect , Finsbury , where there is only one profit from the maker's hand to the wearer ' s head . Silk Hats from 2 s . 9 d ., Bearer ditto from Ss . Gd . All goods warranted to be made from the best materials .
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LIGHT , VEXriLATlSG , FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 13 s . "DERRING'S Patent Ventilating , Flexible Hate may be J . obtained in Beaver , Silk , and Velvet , from 8 s . Gd . to 21 r , in upwards of one hundred different shapes , to suit contour . Also tlie best Livery Hats at lCs . ; Youths' aud Gentlemen ' s llats and Caps of every description . —CECiL HODSE , 83 , Strand , and 251 , Regent-street . & Copy the address , and buy where you can be well used .
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GENUDiE TEAS AND COFFEES FOR TUE MILLION . The cheapest place in London for Teas and Coffees is at the Warehouse , 24 and 25 , Regent Street , ¦ Westminster , near the Vauxball Bridge Road . THE Proprietor , E . WAUMIXGTON , takes ' fhis Oppor-^ tunity to return tliauks for the liberal supuorthe lias received eince he opened tlie above premises ; and to those who have notyetfavoured him with theirpatronage , E . W . most strongly solicits a trial , feeling assured that tlie arlicles sold at the warehouse , both in price and quality , ¦ will give TOiiversal satisfaction . Goods in any quantity sent free to all parts of London and the suburbs ; and persons in the country , by remitting a Vost-office order , Trill find tbeir instructions faithfully atteuded to . LIST OF PRICES . JHoclTTeas . s . d . s . d . Common Congou 3 0 to 3 2 Good ordinary , rather strong 34 to 3 6 Strong Blackish Leaf 3 8 to 3 10 Bitto , or Pekoe Flavour , recommended to Economists , and not to be equalled at the price 4 O Souchong . Fine . 4 4 to 4 6 The best Black Tea 4 8 to 5 0 Being recommended from the best shipments . Green Teas . Twankay 3 6 Better ditto 3 8 to 3 10 Hysou Twankay 4 O to 4 4 Tine Young Hyson 4 8 to 5 0 Hyson 5 0 to 5 4 Ditto , Fine Flavoured 5 8 to 6 0 Fine Pearl Gunpowder 5 S to S 0 Mixed Teas . Todrinl £ ersofMixedTeaswesay , tryour-l O «> r our splendid mixture of all Fine Teas 5 0 Coffiti . Ordinary Ceylon 1 0 to 1 2 The People ' s Coffee 14 Old Java 1 6 Fine Mocha , Jamaica , or any other fine CofiLv , strongly recommended 1 S ~ S . B . Grocers , Coffic-sliop Keepers , Co-operative ¦ Storcs , andall largcconstunerssuppliedontlicni 03 tliberal terms .
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NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . THE Undersigned continue to engage Passengers for First-Class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1 V 0 O to 1500 Tons , for the following Forts , viz . : — SEW YORK , 1 BOSTOS , PHILADELPHIA , I SEW OKLEASS , BALTIMORE , j BRITISH AMERICA , &e . Emigrants in tha country ca » - engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; in wli ^ h case they need not be in Liverpool until the day before tlie Ship is to sail- ami Uwy irill thereby avoid detention aud other expenses , Wide * leau-hig < t ihcaper ivusage , aud having the best tarths allotted to than previous to theh arrival . For farther particulars applv , jtosl-jmtd , to JAMES BECKETT & SOX , Korth End Prince ' s Dock , Liverpool
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . We are always gratified in noticing the laudable exer- j tions of the industrious and provident among our fel- i low-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from j themselves and families , as far as human foresightmav do , the calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessness , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture toscy , that up to the extreme limit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as the institution of securely based and judiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Ourattention was some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled tinder the title of ' TIIE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , ' and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . 2 Iartiifs-lane . Tlie advantages proposed to the members appear to be calculated upon a scale of liberality that requires and deserves extensive support . From the result of our examination of their rules , and the satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as lighly deserving attention , whether viewed withiefer-« nce to its im mediate or its prospective advantages . "WeMt / CltronicU , March , 1836 . FELLOW BRETIIREJf , look to your own interests , and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Society , THE ROYAL OAK , established 1837 . The Committee meet at tha Mitre Tavern , OS , St Martin ' sJane , every Tuesday evening , at eight o'clock , for the admission of Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-sis years , being in good health , and their income arising from their Imsiness or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The Society is enrolled by Act of Parliament , and is conducted upon an economical and seenre principle . All unnecessary Eaes are abolished , and It allows the members to belong to any other society , at the same time being a member of the Royal Oak . It lias paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested in the Bank of England , the interest of which produces the Society upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing m the country . honever distant , arc eligible for admission , Tnthout personal attendance , bjfilling a printed form and transmitting it to the Secretary . Lock around , and see the number of Societies breaking up , when most needed In consequence of the extra payments on a Quarterly Meeting being too heavy for a working man to meet on a sudden demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted jrinripleof a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscri ption is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so lhat every member , however distant , is enabled to send ty Post-office Order the full amount of his Quarterly Subicriptlon . The following are the Benefits of the Society *— £ s . laSickness . perweek ... 0 IS Superannuation , ditto ... 0 4 Funeral / Death of a Member 20 01 Thesebenefits money \ Death ofMember ' s Wife 10 O 1 arechargedas life ' s Lying-in 2 0 fextrasin other . loss by Fire 15 6 J Societies . ^ fintrance Money only 3 s . Go . under thirty-two years of a Se—5 s . under thirty-six . anJ TLZ i ! ? enrOllinB y ° " « am « while in health fll ^ SL ^^^ W , forth ,. i nmO . ased . priceVeief ^ V % 5 oclet J- nouse - « pottage stamp to the Secretary" ^ ' j ££ rST . f « rart , St . Jfartin ' sJane , London ! ' ' CecA-
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In the Press , and will be published at the latter end of September , THE POOR MAN'S COMPANION ; or , Political Almanack for 1616 . By Joshoa Hobson . This rear's number of ttus popular Cluntist Annual wfli contain a full history , —and solution of the J / y « f « ry , —o > Paper Money , the National Debt , and overwhelming taxation ; together with an exposure of the / rat « i intended bj those who seek for a new and unlimited issue of Paper Monvy . The justice and reasonableness of Equitable Adjostsiest over all other schemes of Jfoiwtary Kt / orm , will also be made apparent . The Companion will be published by the usual pubishtrs .
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COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious J . MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Princi-ALBERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Night , - that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Parris , &e . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , Almost mngnificent of all the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra , EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from EiRbt till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , tlie largest in the world , comprising 4 G , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by Mr . Dans-jn and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , br illiantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six ; and at all the principal Librar > - < s and Musicsellers .
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THE variable state of the . WE A . THER has produced thu numerous cases of low fever and debility exist inji at present , and is a sure indication of habitualcostivc-• ness , caused generally by want of care in attending to the state of the digestive visceral organs . The only real remedy in sucli cases is LOKD ELDOS'S APERIENT PILLS , which liave been the means of positive cure tu many thousands ; they are peculiarly adapted for persons of both sexes who are of sedentary habits , they nre putronfced by the nobility and gentry , andare the mildest aud most efficacious medicine extant . Sold in boxes at Is . ljd ., 2 s . 9 d ., and 4 s . Gd ., by Messrs . Barelav aud Co ., 05 , Parringdon-strcet ; Sutton and Co ., 10 , Bow Church-yard : Newbury , 40 , and Edwards , 65 , St . Paul ' s ; San « er , 15 o | Oxford-street ; and by all respectable Druggists and Medicine Venders in the kingdom ; and wholesale at 13 , Great 8 t . Thomas Apostle , London . TESTlSOSlAl TO LORD XLVOs ' s Pills . Sre , —I have subjected to a careful chemical analysis the Pills prepared by you , and find them to consist 01 effectual but safe aperients without any mercurial preparation whatever . _ Yours , &c ., A . URE , M . D ., F . R . S . 13 , Charlotte-street , Bedford-square , LgnSon ,
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The many thousands who cannot write , and are anxious to learn , but have no opportunities of getting instruction from a writing master , can now TEACIi THEMSELVES by TlflGIITMAN'S SELF-1 XSTRUCTING COPYlf t BOOKS , each containing forty pages of lame post No . 1 contains strokes , pothooks , hangers , the partial formation of all the letters in thc alphabet , and the alphabet complete . No . 2 , joined letters , capitals , and figures . No . 3 , copies of text hand , round lmni ) , andsmallhand . 3 ! o . 4 , copies of single , or running band . Price Sixpence each . Also Wightmaii's Univcrssil Copy-Book , ruled anj hand , and containing fortj pages of good bmooih paper , with new and complete Arithmetical Tab . es on the cover . Threepence each . Order them of your newsman , bookseller , or stationer . VT 1 GUTMAN , Manufacturing Stationer and Writing Ink Maker , 17 . and 18 , Douglas-street , Vinccnt-square , Westminster . Country Dealers and the Trade supplied at the mannfactoring prices .- Fob Cash . . ¦¦'
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IMPORTANT TO TAILORS . Just published , price 3 s . 6 d ., the Fourth Edition of THE TAILOR'S DIRECTORY . ' Containing anew system of Cutting all kinds of Coats , Vests , Trousers . Breeches . Gaiters , Youths' Diesses , &c , Cloaks , Capes , Habit ? , Box Coats , &c , with upwards of thirty figures illustrative of the same ; to which is added a complete Practical Treatise on thc Ait of Malting up . By W . Alexakder , late Practical Cutter in Paris , who warrants this to be his true and secret sjstera . " London : J . Gladding , 20 , City-road , opposite Bunliillfii-lds . N . B . —The above Work can be sent free per post , upon the remittance to the publisher of forty-six , postage stamps .
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TO THE SOCIAL REFORMERS AND TRADES UNIONISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN , CONTINEXTAL EUROPE , AND TIIE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . II OBERT OWEN , Founder of the Rational System of § j Society , having taken back the Copyright of his Weekly Journal , entitled the " SEWMORAL WORLD , " inconsequence of certain alterations caused by the present position of the HARMONY HALL Experiment , has entrusted the Editorship thereof to MR . GEORGE ALEXANDER FLEMING , who has conducted thc said paper for upwards ' of eight years , and whose extensive experience and long-tried services in the cause of Social Reform are confidently referred to as entitling him to the support of all who desire the Emancipation of the Labouring Classes . Thc "NEW MORAL WORLD" is Published weekly , Price Twopence , and advocates Sotial , Moral , and Educational Changes for the benefit Of all sects and classes in a Catholic and Uuseclarian Spirit . Arrangements have been made forimparting Variety and Interest to its Columns . Watson , No . 5 , Paul ' s-alley , Patcrnostcr-row ; Cleave , Shoe-lane , London ; Heyivood , Oldham-street , Manchester ; France and Co ., Newcastle ; Robinson and Co ., Edinburgh : and all Newsvenders .
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JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Gd ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 1 S 2 , Fleet-street . t ^ Orders from the Country to be sent throu » hthe Booksellers .
Richardson, Manufacturing Cutler
RICHARDSON , MANUFACTURING CUTLER
Afpaluxo Accident. — On Tuesday Evening A Most Appalling Event Happened On Board The Moonshine Steamer, Which Runs From London-Bridce To
Afpaluxo Accident . — On Tuesday evening a most appalling event happened on board the Moonshine steamer , which runs from London-bridce to
Oiiclsea , resulting , there is too much reason to fear , from the carelessness of those who had the management of the Iwat . The vessel had reached Hungerford-bridge , from which place she was about to start when the accident took place . The captain had given word to go on a-head , when loud cries issued from that part of the vessel to let go the rope which fastened her to another about leaving the pier lor London-bridge . Jfo one , however , attended to the call . The boats being set in motion by the engines , went on as far as the roue would allow them , awl the result was , that a youth seated in the bows of the vessel , with his feet on the pile of the rope , was caught in its folds , and the two boats were not released until the rope had completely severed one of the poor fellow ' s legs from Ms body , and broken the other iii two places .
Sixoclah asd Fatal Accident . —On Wednesday an inquest was held before -Mr . Thomas Wakley , M . r ., at the Shakespeare ' s Uead , Perceval-street . Clerkenwell on the body of Alfred Styles , an infant , eleven months old , who came by his death under the following smgular cireumstances :-It appeared from the evidence , that the lather of the deceased is a joint finisher , and on Monday moraine List in order to keep the child out of the way , it was put to sleep in the parlour , its bed being formed by two pillows and two chairs . The child remaining quiet for some time tlie servant girl entered the room , and was horror-struck at finding that during her absence the
child had awakened , and in moving about its bodv had slipped through the back rails of the chair , and had bcctimc suspended by the back of the head and cain , bcLigjammed between tho bare . Assistance was immediately procured , and Mr . Todd , a medical man , was called in . lie at once opened thfijugular vein , from which the blood flowed freely ; but the child was quite dead . The coroner commented on the singular nature of the accident , and remarked that no blame appeared to be attached to any person , as children were often left alone in a similar manner without any accident occurring . The jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death . "
Iatal Accident ox Reidbxixo pbom Bauxei Races . —On Tuesday last Mr . Henry Bromley , the landlord of the Brecknock Arms Tavern , New ' Camden Town , proceeded on horseback in the morning to Barnet races . On arriving at Ilolloway , pn his return , his horse shied on turning an angle in the road , and became restive , darting forward , when Mr . B . was dislodged from his seat , and fell over its head on to some granite stones . ' Assistance was immediately rendered , and the deceased carried to a surgeon in the neighbourhood , where he was found to be frightfully cut and bruised , and to have sustained such severe internal injury as to cause his deatu ; v . ery shortly afterwards . The body was subsequently sonyeyea tome , to await a coroner ' s inquest .
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TIIE ROCK A-HEAD !
WHAT WILL " SPECULATION" DO FOR US ? We offer no apology for returning to the question ef Railway speculation . The extent to . which this lias gone , and the tremendous consequences involved in the reaction sure to follow , render the subject all-important—one that ought to be made familiar to all concerned—examined in all its bearings—that the people may be prepared to meet the coining evil in the best manner possible .
It is our purpose , on the present occasion , to show that past experience does not warrant tUe high expectations of " benefit" indulged in by the projector of the numerous lines of Railway , with which they have proposed to intersect the United Kingdom ; that Hie return for former expenditures of capita ! has not been such as to warrant other similar expenditures , unless in certain special cases , if remuneration to the subscribers is to be hoped for ; and that the prices which Railway Shares , both of existing and projected lines , have lately "fetched" iu the " market , " are artificial and forced—such as cannot survive the furor of the present speculative mania , but must come tumbling down faster than they went up , the moment the reaction commences , to the utter ruin of thousands , the derangement of the " money market" generally , and the cunsequcnt paralysation of all industrial operations .
The dreams that have been indulge ;! in , by those whose minds have been seized by the MAD desire to become rich without labouring for riches , have been romantic indeed ! Looking at some four or five of the existing lines of railways , where favourable situation and absence of competition have caused them , to pat well , and , as a consequence , to legitimately enhance the price of shares ; looking at these few exceptions to the general rule applicable to the ; whole amount of present Railway investments , the raw ¦ speculator came to the conclusion that he had only to subscribe his money for the making of a thing called a Railway , and that the result would be a certain DOUBLING OF ITS VALUE at once , as certainly as that "London and Birmingliains" arc at £ 225 .
It is this desire ; this hope to obtain riches without about' ; this endeavour to become possessedof wealth without giving an equivalent for it : it is this desirt that is at the bottom of all the gambling we havi seen , and all the bitter consequences we are about to endure . Aud what foundation is there for such extravagant expectations ? What are the facts , a > developed en former occasions , from former similar applications of capital , on which to ground such wild hopes ? Hear the asswek ! Hear it , from the mouth of Lord Brougham , uttered as a warning some shon time before the closing of the session . Hear it ; ami then judge of the prudence and wisdom of those" winhave risked their all on the venture of " realising" a . '' fortune" in no time ! Ilcar it , and obtain some iika . as to the probable return for the immense amount
of capital now in course of " investment . " To warn the reckless speculators , and to impart t ,, them a knowledge of former results , Lord Brougham strung together a number of striking ami startling facts , in manner following : — If the Government and the Legislature would take a more extensive and systematic view of these speculations , it \ vould have the effect of checking some oi them , ot preventing the completion of others , aud , it might be , stopping some which had been . already adopted . He should not pvievo at this , for he iva ' s fatly persuaded that they went too far and that befon
many months ivcre over their heads a reaction would take place , and thatinore or less ravaging and sweeping effects wovld occur to the commercial and monetary interests of the country . Ho had done his duty by addressing them in that place ; lie held it to be equally the duty of all good citizens liavin « the means of addressing others to avail themselves of thosi means ; and it was especially the duty of those in whose hands was the public press of this country , by which he meant the newspaper and periodical press , for every press was public—he held it to bo their duty as well as his own , to give timely and effectual voaminy to the community , and above all , to puotkct itit
SAFETY OF INDIVIDUALS FROM THE FRESZY OF SPECULATION , WHICH WAS DRIVING MEN TO DESTRUCTION He must refer to the report of the committee of the other house as an especial warning to those person ! - who embai-ked a few hundreds or thousands , scrapcil together , perhaps , as the result of a long life , or possibly the saving of penurious and sober habits tot half a life or more which mi ght be drawing to a close , when those means would be required as a provision tor near and dear relations ; it was his duty to refci to this , as a warning to those who were risking their ruin on the assurance that the projectors told tin truth , even if they could tell the truth , for they \ ver > often as much deceived as others in their san < niinc
expectations . Let them , listen , and sec what had been tlie results of speculations in ruihvay shares . If in 1840 , or in 1837 or 1 S 3 S ; ' or still more , * if 10 years prior to that period , any parties had boon told that the } would wot make enormous fortunes by buying shares , they would have turned a deaf ear . They theh talked , notof 5 , G , oi" 7 percent ., —but never less than 15 oridpercent . would be the result of every sjicculationiu shares . What was the fact ? By the returns before them , they had the average per ccntage on the £ 32 , 000 , 000 worth of shares at the original price , though as many as hail been bought at a premium , the amount invested , instead of being ' £ 32 , 000 , 000 , would , in all probability , be £ -12 , 000 , 000 . But tht
average profit now received for these £ 32 , 000 , 000 , not of the lines that had failed , but of those that had succeeded , — for _ he had left out some who did not pay any dividend at all , —was , —not 20 per cent , nor 15 per cent . ; and it would formerly have been difficult to have brought down expectation so low ; it would have been called so shabby an interest that it would not be worth a gentleman or gentlewoman s consideration—no such thing ; but 5 j pacent , was the average profit per cent , of the whoU £ 32 , 000 , 000 . Tiiat was the averag e of the whole . But suppose these unfortunate persons had taken part of £ 10 , 000 , 000 of these , the interest would not have been 5 i , but less than 5 per cent . ; less interest
than the parties could have made by lending their money to good bill brokers , or by investment in small mortgages of £ 500 , if they had paid a premium . Suppose they had taken part in £ 0 , 500 , 000 out of the £ 10 , 000 , 000 , they would have got less than 3 per cent . ; less than they could get by investment in tlie 3 per Cent . Consolidated Bank Annuities . Nay , they might have gone to a lower scale still . If anv one had ventured to say , that in some of the railways the profits on these speculations would be under 2 percent ., he believed that he would have been nut with the coatempt ot the men and with the hysterics
of the women ; yet £ 2 , 000 , 000 had paid less ' than 2 percent ; and , if the premiums were deducted less still , and this after running all risks of not bains paid at all ! lie had looked through the returns and found , that on the stock of 12 railroads no dividend had been paid ; arid on 12 others that the dividend had been only £ 1 lls . 6 d . per cent There had been £ 42 , 000 , 000 paid up . % l 1 Cn tj , 4 jobbers asked a maiden lad y or a widow iidv for her £ 5 000 or £ 6 , 000 , or when the poor clemj ' nan , who had saved tuis . sum to keep life daughters . from the necessity of seeking situations after his deatfc was applied to , liese \ j $ l « yay jobbe ^ -spwulatoiV he
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meant—gave -ttie most flourishing accounts ; they said that there would never be more than 5 per cent , called for—that was one of their baits—or at the outside 10 per cent . ; and that the shares would get up , aud so eiiablu the parties to sell out , acd double their money , and be rich for all the rest of their lives . Instead of , ' having ' had to pay up 10 per cent , they had -in most instances paid 100 per cent . Of the £ 42 , 000 , 000 paid iiiehe were £ 25 , 500 , 000 WHICH WOULD SOW SELL FOH CONSIDERABLE LK 3 S THAN K 1
THE TIME WHEN TIIE SUMS WKHE PAID . £ 9 , 000 , 000 oM of the £ 42 , 000 , 000 would sell for one half what t (/« 3 paid , and £ 2 , 000 , 001 ) for one quarter ; so that TUB PART !? . WOULD ONLY GET £ 12 A YEAH FOB HIS £ 1 , 000 , instead of £ 30 , which he might have procured in the Three pur Cent Consuls . All that was necessary was an honest anil conscientious ' warning to his feliOtv-ekizens , especially to those who were not wallowing in wealth , against indulging in this furor of speculation . '
There ! 'Ihcrc arc crumbs of comfort for those who have risked all they possessed , in the vain hope f " realising at least 20 per cent . ! " Let them look the facts above set forth fairly in the face—iet them consider on them , and ask themselves if they were justilieil in sooking the golden needle in such a bottle of hay ! There is another mode of putting this question , as toi the probability of profit from the contemplated investment of such an amount of capital ; a mode happily adopted by the Spectator , whose remarks we subjoin . They bear intimately on the branch of the subject now under consideration , as the reader will iind . Let the most sanguine " speculator" say , whether he dare even to hopu that tho result herein set forth , as necessary to pay him even the ordinary per ccntage , can ever *' oc realised ? Tho Spectator
says : » - . On a moderate estimate , the railways already in existence and to be executed nwy be taken to cost ... £ 150 , 000 , 000 The gross profit on that capital , at 8
percent ., would be ... ... 12 , 000 , 000 From which a deduction of 35 per cent , for expenses ( the lowest expenditure , of auy large company ) would amount to ... ... -1 , 200 , 000 Leaving the net profit of ... ... 7 , 800 , 000 or not quite ok per cent , upon the cam ' tal . In otiier words , to afford the shareholders In all our completed and projectuil railways a return ¦ of rather less than 51 per cent , upon their outlay , the jmblic must annually expend £ 12 , 000 , 000 , in railway travelling alone !!
The word " million" comes glibly from the tongue , but conveys no tangible image to the mind . An oftbrt is required to realise to the' imagination the magnitude ot " the sum which must bo annually spent on railway travelling to yield our speculators a moderate relit on their capital . "Let any . one attempt distinctly and articulately to count aloud from one to a million ; he will Iind it hard work to cnunrAaui on the average- " ' one thousand numbers in tho hour , and would consequently require 100 days for ten hours a ( lay to count the million . The mechanical operation of telling over a million of sovereigns piece by piece would occupy a full month , at the rate ol 3 , 600 an Hour for tea hours a day . The joint
earnings ot 1 , 830 agricultural' labourers with their 7 s . " a week , for thirty years each , not a working-day left out , wouid be less than a million of pounds sterling . Tho joint earnings of ( MCI mechanics at 20 s . a week , toiling each ' as unremittingl y during the same period , would not amount to a million of pounds sterling . The pay of ninety British general officers at £ 1 a day , would not iu thirty years amount to a million oi pounds sterling . So much of toil , and danger , and exposure to the elements—so much of patient , persevering , and more or less skilful industry—&o much of valour , and accomplishment , and hig h , spirit , as represented by ' money—may be bought for a million of pounds sterling .
Anil ournalwuyprojectors andspeadators calculate upon drawing twelve of these millions annually from the pockets of the public . In other words , thu » expect that 12 , 000 , 001 ) of people—half the population of the three kingdoms , me-, women , and children ( at Hd . per mile )—will each travel 100 miles by railway every yeav , and pay them . 20 s . ahead . Or they ' expect that 1 , 000 , 000 people will travel 1 , 920 miles each in ¦ lie course of the year ,: and pay them £ 12 a head Or they expect that 120 , 000 people will each travel 16 , 1100 miles by railway every year , and pay them fc . 100 per head . Beit remembered , too , that railway -raveling constitutes but a faction of the whole annual travelling of tho nation Our railways
existent and in projection , embraio not one-halt * of the surface and population of Gnat Britain ; and even m the railway districts there is active competition ( ' oni steam-boats , omnibuses , cabs , vans , spring-curts , &c 'i'Uc steam-boats of the Thames and the Clyde carry more passengers than the Greenwich , lihiekwall , and Glasgow and Gronock railways . In the iji'eat towns , not only the wealthier classes as a bad"e ofstation and for amenity , " but tradesmen for professional purposes keep vehicles which when travelungon business or for pleasure they from sheer economy gem-rally employ in preference to other modesof conveyance . In the rural districts , landowners and farmers do the same . Attain , the price of a
railwayticket is only pan of the outlay of the railway traveller , on conveyances . In most cases it implies the additional expense'of short stage , cab , or bus , to convey linn to and from the railway ,-or from one railway to another . Uiir sanguine projectors and speculators pay little heed to these considerations ; though the brokers , who are agents in the transfer of shares , often ask eacli other in wonderment , where all the travellers are to come from ? Put the question to any dabbler n railway stock , and he replies with an " Oh , with the increase of locomotive facilities travelling will increase indefinitely . " It may be so : hitherto the theory has held jrood ; yet there must be some natural limit to the activity of tho principle . Men do not travel for travelling sake , but on business or for pleasure—to-earn money , or to spend it ; and what
possible facility will sot men in motion where these motives . are wanting ? Tho enormous amount of money invested in railways would seem to imply that some classes of Englishmen are expected to Hue on railway ^ as some classes of Chinese live on their canals . To render tliese undertakings remunerative , a numerous portion of society would need , like the fabled birds of paradise , to keep always on the wing —to spend their lives darting from town to town with the velocity of swallows iu a summer evening . The boldness and extent of these aggregate undertakings convey a magnificent idea , of the resources and enterprise of Britain ; but their ' very magnitude lies like a load on the imagination , while thu incessant restlessness and swift movements tiicy presuppose in such a numerous class of the community make the head giddy only to think of .
Need there be another word said ? Is not the adducing of fact as to the return , for former " investment , " and the clear setting forth of the extent of travelling necessary to yield the income the present investments will call for to " realise" only in accord , ance with tho former one 3 , sufficient to show that the day-dreams of the reckless and the uninformed su'o incapable of realisation ? If it will require £ 12 , 000 , 000 to be expended annually by the people of these three kingdoms , in Railway travelling alone , to yield the " investors" five per cent ., is it at all l . kely that they .. ' , will ever touch tho contemplated fifteen or twenty per cent . ? The Tact is , that two-thirds of the schemes arc mere BUBBLES ! The projectors
ot them never intend to construct the lines , nor even to seek for power to do so . They see the mania for becoming rich through gambling thoroughly set in . . hey take advantage of that spirit ; and put forth all sorts of projects , —some of them as wild as an attempt to colonise the moon . No matter . Tho public miud ' s in no . condition to inquire . Ifc runs madl y after every bubble that is blown . No sooner is the most unlikely scheme named , than hosts of applications for " shares" shower in on the self-constituted Directory . The deposits are paid . These the Directors "fob ;" expend them in surveys , plans , buying down opposition , and in lawyers' charges . Meantime the shaves arc in the market . The reckless desire on the part of the " traffickers" to " do business , " that they may realize their " fortunes , " induces them to dabble in everything that comes to hand . The unnatural
amount of business thus transacted forces up the prices of all shares in tho market . In a rising market somebody will pocket money . To get their share of this , others flock in , aud buy , and buy , and sell , and sail away . Prices again go up ; and so on , until the reverse comes—when 'down they go—and tlie unfortunate " holders" at the time sustaix hie loss ! Amidst the woe and wailing everywhere abounding the projected "lines" are forgotten-suffered to dr op out of recollection . The Directory have " spent " tho deposits ; they have nothing to go to Parliamen t with ; the shares are at a discount in the market : and thus the BUBBLE ends , as far as the Directory and the poor jfcewd "holders" are concerned : but the evil resulting from tlie general state of things , of which this is but a singled-out sample , are left to be < n-appled with by the nation . at laroe ! °
WJiat those results arc likel y to be , even under tlie most favourable of ciucvanstances , may be interred from -the following article , extracted from a
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late number of the Globe . It contains the best reasoning oh the subject that we have yet seen . It will be well if that reasoning has its effect on the minds of those who can do something to mitigate the evils now sure to come . To talk of ]) revcnting them would bs folly . We have advanced too far for that . But something may be done , and much too , to break the force of the " blow to confidence , " that must be endured . Acts for a considerable number of lines arc obtained . The contracts on a good number , of them are already let . The land has to be paid for The works have to be executed . The calls must be
made . Those calls cannot be honoured by the major portion of the present "holders . " To get clear , they must sell . So many sellers will tumble down tinpv ice ! This will alarm others . More sellers ; less price ; premium gone !; shaves at a discount ; banks forced to refuse " accommodation ; " discounts in the money-market at a high rate ; confidence gone ! ; manufacturers , agriculturalists , and money-dealers all in one mess of ruin together ! See the whole course of the affair pointed out by the Globe : — If speculation in railway shares were really what
it is supposed to be by the greater number of those now engaged in it , we wight congratulate our readers on the extent to which it has been carried in this coantry during the last twelve months . We are inclined , however , to believe that most of the specidators understand but very imperfectly what they are about , and that any such congratulation would be extremely premature . If we survey the whole of the schemes now before the public , and consider the present aspect of the railway share-market , and apply it to the experience of only the last twenty years in this
country , it is not easy to avoid the conclusion that much more has already been projected than can he completed without producing serious embarrassment , _ We do not tor an instant doubt tlie very great practical value of railways . As means of cheap and rapid internal communication , they are , perhaps , themos * valuable improvements that can be made in a commercial and manufacturing country . Nay , if , instead of projecting and completing within the next lew years 1 , 000 or 2 , 000 miles of these new roads , we cou ; d uiaku 20 , 000 or 30 , 000 miles , we do not tloubt that the result would be a proportionate addition to the real wealth and the productive capabilities of the country . But with nations as with individuals , it is
not enough that an improvement is desirable . It should also be withiu our means . Taking the cost at the very low estimate of £ 10 , 000 per mile , 30 , 000 miles would require au expenditure of £ 300 , 000 , 000 ; and he must form an estimate of the resources of this country much exceeding ours who would seriously counsel such an expenditure , at once , even for such a purpose . The construction of a railway , or any similar permanent work , is a coiiwai ' on of floating into fixed capital . The prpiod op coxstiiuction is that of co . nvkusion ; and until both are complete no return can be made . It amouxts to a gradual aiuorptiox op . floatixc capital ; WHICH . FOR THE TIME , IS AS MUCH SUNK AS IF IT WERE
EXPENDED IN AN ATTEMPT TO DRAIN THE OCEAN . It is palpably possible , even for such a country as this to sink too much in this manner within a given time . And nothing is move likely than that during a period of speculation , and while large immediate profits are made , by simply tvritfnq the sum totalvpon paper anil paying 5 pur cent , ol ' its amount the national resources should be pledge beyond what they will ultimately be found able to sustain . The amount subscribed during the present year in this country for new lines of railway at home and abroad cannot be taken at less than . £ 150 , 000 , 000 .
Assuming that three years is to be the average period for the completion of the works , and that the expenditure is distributed equally over that period , and does not exceed the estimate , we have £ 50 , 000 , 000 as the amount to be annually sunk during the next three years on account of these schemes alone . The projects of past years , yet in progress , will add something to this . And should tho spirit of speculation now abroad eontinnc unchecked next year , and the next , it may be expected to add still further to the drain on the national purse . For the sake of simplicity , however , we willconfine our view to the schemes of the present session . < -
_ It may aid our conception of the practical operation ot such an expenditure as we have described to compare it with other outgoings of similar amount . It is about equal , for instance , to the declared value of all the British and Irish produce annually exported from the United Kingdom . It is rather more than tho whole public revenue . And it is about ten times the annual amount of the income-tax . Let it then be supposed that for three years we continued ourj > rcsent exports of British produce and manufactures without receiving one farthing in the shape of return , or that the income-tax were increased tenfold , or the Parlia mentary taxation doubled for the same term , and we may form some idea of the extent of the present speculations in a monetary point of view . A gl-mceat the state of thesharc-market , however , shows that there all is confidence and hom > Not .
only thu shares of nearly all the projected lines arc selling at high premiums , but , though two or throe new schemes come out every week , the facility with which new subscriptions are obtained still enables the projectors to make the award 61 " oven a few shares a matter of high favour . But , it is impossible to review the history of railways in this country , and the nature ot the system itself , together with the extent ot the schemes now before the public , and to believe that the confidence with which all classes are new inye-tiiHj their available means in these speculations is well Jounded . Not only is the proposed expenditure greater in the aggregate than is at all commensurate . with ¦ the available pecuniary resources of the country , and therefore not justified by any anticipations of profit , but these anticipations , as they are . now-generally indulged in , arc ercatlv
Duyond what can bo justified by an appeal to facts . It seems to be entirely forgotten that the more the railway system is extended , the more nearly it must approach the . wndition of a mere substitute for the chief common roads of the country ; that it cannot take from these the whole of their traffic ; and that the more numerous the lines are , tub moue equal wiu , they siiabk what tiikv do TAKR . The first railway throu « h a large district has an advantage which no followin « ? . ne .,. J T , ; and wIlic ' diminished by every facility aftorded by now lines and branches to particular localities in the
same district . Yet of the twentyfour lines irst constructed in the united kingdom not more than half realized more than 5 per cent , on the capitahnvcsted to begin with . And it is evident , rom a variety ot considerations , that no new line can be expected ultimately to return much more than the ordinary interest of money , lint until - the projected lines arc completed no mum can be looked for ¦ and it they continue to increase in number a 3 t ! i » v have ' lately , the completion of more than asniiill proportion of them will be impossible . . We need scarcely advert to the fact , that a very , large proportion of the shares issued to the public duriwi
Last twelve mont / is are m the hands o / persons U' / iO hold them , not for investment , but merely fur sneeulation ; who have been templed to buy only by the hope ot being able soon to sell to advantage . This is well iiown , yet it is scarcely compatible , under anv view ot the . circumstances , with the successful issue of . ¦¦ peculations so extensive . Every week increases the number ol such persons' in tho market and thecv-Kn l W thCy a ™ . ir volvecVnnd will continue to do so untie the prevailing mania shall last . Now , let it be supposed that the enormous draught upon the loat . n . reapitalot thccounti TnecesSarytorealStheSe schemes , produces only sudia pressure on the moneymarket as snail raise the interest of money to four per falfrni ¦ P" ? ° fsl >«™ in ^ old lines would fallpom the height thai have been mi . < rd # „ /„ # . / ..
waS ^ S ffi ^^ EiaH . TLTu ' ' r TI 1 E "" la-MAnKBT , and of ^¦ ^^ s ^^ t ^ i ^ CW 5 i h ?^^ - ^ S ?! Ln \ lt 7 V ? tl ! ilfc the rise % nUo » tmuo till vngue doubt takes the place of blind com ^^^ ^ <* Bain gives way to } ± Ki
nnl v I , " , c Ulc ¦ warrant of all past experience . But such a change in a market filled v-ShZr sonsivho , whatever their pecuniary resources mm Z ' haveno very definite idea of the LlbS . X : imtotes utm the monetary andcomm rddtrcnl S ^ S ^ Tl - S ^ ^ j S ^ $ x&k& 1 & £ asrsa ^ hun buyers ; and the fall will go on till"Ea n bpium is restore ' , or , in other words , till the fin * is blown over . aiaim There is the whole thing ! The Globe has cor rectly described tho operation of the entire system The evils tfhiok he ascribes to the full expenditure of tho entire capital of the aggregate of schemes will attend in degree on the expenditure of capital for the lines already determined on . What that amount will be , we arc just about to show . Here is the statement : —
xNow that the most eventful session of Parlhment recorded ,., railway history has reached its £ T c are cabled to , announce , from official SS the following as the results of it 3 legislation IMrlK ment has sanctioned the construction of 2 090 n es of new railways in England and Scotli . d 1 , 13 -ra ^ nK ^ % ;« SH Ireland The capital authorise \ to ' l ^ SSf in shares ior this purpose amounts to £ 31 , 080 ^ 000 ex-
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W" . iM « afc ^ . / - - ¦————¦— » M > WiwS q « -i elusive of £ 6 , 800 , 000 required for the Irish lines "/ making in all £ 38 , 460 , 000 to be applied in England within the next two or three years for our own railways . It will thus be seen that the amount to be provided tor the new railways'is sufficiently large to require serious consideration , and to arrest tho progress of reckless speculation . Tiss millions of pounds a-ycar , for the next three years , will thus bo required for the " sinking-fund " at home , and £ 10 , 000 , 000 more for the formation of Railways abroad ! No less a sum than twenty millions will have to be abstracted from the usual pursuits of commerce and agriculture , to be cmplovcd
in operations which cannot yield a farthing in return for some three years ! Can this be done without derangement to existing interests ? Will it have no effect in the money-market ? Must not money become " scarce ? " Will not discounting be next to impossible ? Then the manufacturers will fed it . Country bankers will have to keep a tight hand There will be no " advance , " " accommodation , " The mills will close ; the " hands" will be turned on the streets ; and we shall again have accounts published of people being found foodless , naked , destitute ; calling on God to put an end to their suffering before morning !"
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CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . I hereby direct that all monies payable tome , as treasurer tt > the Chartist Co-operative Land Fund , must-bo transmitted as follows : —Either oy Bankoruer-orT ost-offiiT order , to the " care of FeargusO'Connor , Esq ., 340 Strand , London ; " andj > ayaW « to me , " W . P . Roberts . " Thacis , that mjr signature shall be-required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , saj that Edward Hobson , of Ashton ,-lias £ 10 to transmit he is to transmit the same to Mr . O'Counov , by P . anli kttcr or Post-ofSce order , made payalleto W . P . Roberts : That order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them are sent to me . The two only thing * required to secure thu triumph of Labour's battle are , union among the working classes , and undeviatitu ;
honesty and punctuality on the part of those who have the management of their affairs . I therefore adopt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks as possible . Tlris is advisable , as iniieli for our own mutual sat isfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore * equest that these plain and 6 imple instructions may be punctuallj- " attended to in all cases . To save additional postage , each letter containing a money order , may also contain a list ot the respective sums , and all other information necessary for the central secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; Which letter Mr . O'Connor will duly forward to him . ' This done , there can be no puzzle about the accounts
W . P . Robeuts , Treasurer . All orders should be made payable at ISO , Strand ' Iondon . —W . r . n . [ The above mode lias been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have had , owing to some parties sending tne Post-office orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts' order . Obseivanee of the above very * simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There' is a difficulty at the branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by thc persons to whom they are made payable . Feargos O'CoNNon . l
The " Nokthekn Statt. Saturday, August 23,1845. .I
THE " NOKTHEKN STAtt . SATURDAY , AUGUST 23 , 1845 . . i
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TIIE PROSPECTS OF THE HARVEST . Tms , too , is an all-important question . If the fears generally entertained should unhappil y prove to be well-founded , our condition will be awful indeed ! The evils impending over us from the MAD doings of the " prosperity-mongers , " are fearful enough : but if to these are to be added the certain misery that a deficiency of food will cause , we shall indeed be doubly scourged ! The late goodness of trade , and " spnrt" of " prosperity" lias been universally attributed in the main to the general
abundance of the last two or three harvests . In our case , it has been computed that , at , least , £ 5 , 000 , 000 of money has been kept in tho pockets of our people to expend in the manufacturing market through the abundance of good with which we were blessed last autumn ; and if £ 5 . 000 , 000 so left makes all the difference between " prosperity '' and "adversity , " what will the effect bis of haviiF to send £ ? , 0 l ) l ) , 000 or £ 10 . 000 , 000 abroad for food , and extract some £ 20 , 000 , 000 beside , from the ordinary pursuits of industry , for the Railway Sinkingfund ?!
Respecting the probable yield of the Harvest , there is , as may be expected , considerable difference oi opinion . Some of the journals in the agricultural districts , published during the few fine days of last week , contend that there is not much reason to fear while ethers arc filled with most sorrowful furt boilings . Thc last number of the Mark Lane R xprtii has tiic following , published after the return of wet weather , and founded on information ironi all parts of the
country;—Thoujrh comparatively little rain has fallen in tlie immediate vicinity of London during the week , the weather appears to have been quite as unfavourable in other parts of the kingdom as before . The accounts from some of the eastern counties , respecting the . effects of the rain and cold on thu wheat crop , are as bad as any which we have yet received on the subject . In addition to the previous complaints of blight , rust , &c , we now hear , from all quarters , that the more luxuriant and heavy crops have been wry extensively lodged , and otherwise damaged , besides which , sprout is very generally spoken of .
That the yield of wheat ivill be deficient in quaniiw , and defective in quality , can KO longer be uouiiteii ; the extent of the deficiency will still , in a great measure depend on the character of thc weather experienced next month ; but , even ukdeii tub most PAVOUHAM . E CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH CAH MOIV OCCTlt , an average produce cannot be expected . Latterly , we have received some very unsatisfactory accounts respecting potatoes : a similar ( disease to that so much complained of in Holland having , it is stated , attacked thc crop in various parts of the kingdom . We sincerely trust that this injury may not prove to be geucral , or the consequences would
be even more severely felt than those arising from a deficient wheat crop . By our Scotch advices , it appears that the weather has been fully as ungenial in that country as in the south ; and notwithstanding the dull reports from hence , wheat was held Is . to Is . Gd . per quavtev higher at Edinburgh on Wednesday than on that day sc ' nnight . From Ireland , particularly from the southern parts ot the island , the reports of the weather are not of so unfavourable a character , and business in wheat seems to have been agood deal influenced by thc flatadvices from this side of tlic channel .
The Liverpool Times takes a view of the question which seems to hold out a hope that we shall not this time be subjected to all the evils of speculation in food , in addition to thc evil of a short supply and the concurrent evils of " share" speculation . According to that journal the dearth of food on the continent , and the probability of a bad harvest there too , is ' likely to be of some advantage to us ; or at least to save us from some scourging disadvantages . lie says : —
> 1 he qucstion-of whether the corn crops have been injured by the late unseasonable weather , isvue winch cannot be answered in a single word . Where the fields are large and open , the corn still htau . ' . s erect , and looks well ; bntin small iiekls , and under trees and iences , it is too much twisted and beaten ever to recover . To secure a good sample , this beaten grain should be gathered and thrashed by Itself , and in that case the bulk may still turn out tolerably well , if we should have good weather from this time forward .
But although the prospects of the harvest must be regarded as uncertain , we still entertain strong hopes that thc country will escape many of the evils which have attended former deficient harvests , even if the present should prove to be a deficient one . Wlieii the last cycle of bad harvests commenced , the nei"hbouring ports , of tiie continent were crowded with grain , which had been accumulating for several years , and which was to bo had at prices very tcmptiii" - to speculators . Several million quarters of this were immediately bought up , ami poured into the country in a few weeks , to the utter ruin of the Exchanges ' . 1 his is quite , impossible now , for the Hamburgh and Baltic
ports are barer of wheat at the present time than they have been for several years , and the Ru sian and Belgian buyers arc compel in ? against tlie English in those markets for the little that remains . A great rise in the price of grain has already taken place in Germany and Poland , quite sufficient to render any extensive speculation in Herman and Polish wheat very hazardous . It is also very doubtful whether thc result of the present harvest in tho northern part of tlie continent oi Europe will lie such as to brine down prices , even when the new wheat begins to arrive . In the last fortnight of July , thc whole valley ef the Vistula , tlic
great wheat district of Dantzic , was flooded from tlie frontiers of Hungary to the Baltic sea ; and the late accounts from Belgium and North Germany arc quite as unfavourable for the harvest as the English accounts . Therefore , even if large supplies ot grain should be required from abroad , it is very unlikely that any considerable portion ot it will conie from the Baltic , and impossible that it can jje poured in from that quarter at the rate of millions of quarters at a time , us it was some years ago . Those who have held German and Polish wheat ( or old wheat ol any kind ) for some timo , and those who wenS into the market early , can scarcely fail to do well ; for a certain quantity of old wheat must be wanted ;
but those who have gone into these markets late , or who shall go into them now , will do it at groat risk- . Besides having to guard against all thc chances ol the English harvest , they will have to struggle against the sliding scale , which is likely to bcikept at it ^ highest-figure by quantities of damp wheat poniw into the market immediately after thc harvest , a »« against the excellent and abundant crop of Caiuiila wheat , admissible at all times at one shilling d ^ F j and that of thc United States , admissible by way of
Canada , at tho duty of three shillings . All the accounts brought by thc Britannia speak of large crops and low prices both in Canada and the States ; am i these circumstances , together with the great advantage of the duty , can scarcely fail to throw thc great * ' portion of thc trade in foreign corn into that direction during the present year , and thus to save us trow some of thc worst consequences which have lntlicriff aggravated the evils of a deficient harvest , even u the present should prove to be one . Would not an extensive allocation of our own
people on the soil , and an extensive application of labom thereto , with the use of the most improved modes of culture , ' save vs in a great measure , from the cvi s attendant on deficient harvests ? We mean not t ^ t this would cause the sun to shine , or the ram to cease ; but that the " surplus" of a good year ivouw more than suffice for the deficiency of a bad yeajj and render us independent of " foreign supp' )' altogether . It is true , however , that culture c «» <^ much to mitigate the rigour of climate . It 1 S f taiued that there is a foivtnight ' s difference in ^ time of ripening of cora grown on -well drained M ^ That is ; that corn on well drained land is m
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t | 4 THE NQiR ^ ERN HTARV _ AtfGtJS ? 23 , 184 & .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1329/page/4/
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