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•^¦ ¦¦¦¦ BB HBMBHHHBB^^^^^H l-.*oi-:JV.:>T TO tVOKiiiNtx MEN VADkH. FORTY YEARS OF AGE.
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Experiments ox the Loxdox axd Cnorpox AtsiosrnEBJc Lixe of Railway.—A series of private experiments have been conducted 011 this line of rail-
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATUKDAT, AUGUST 30, 1845.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Look tu : ! , c vitirisls of yourselves and families ; Iiasten and 'k'h' rfc ' t jlvurishing institution , the " United Patrf .-i / li-. i-fiCSociety" enrolled and empowered by Act < i i ' cfik :.,, att to extend over the United Kingdom . THK Sw . i « j is on a new , yet correct principle , and is tlie wijy IJciitfit Society legalised with the privilege of establbhin ^ branches , appointing sub-secretaries , having sa 1 v < : oniiuitu- cj , A ~ c . Look around at the numerous unenrol . ' ed smsotU * in particular , ever breaking up , and men , after li . iiig iiuwJters from twenty to forty years , who have lcUtU f .. i-w ; ird in the hopes of having a something Eke sujK-nmnnatuiu uumey to keep starvation from their doors , Kiiii ; rati aside to the tender mercies of a Poor Law Ba .-sik-. iteim-inter , in the midst of life you are in death , Jliat you inow aot what an hour may bring forth ; then , wurivin ? »> . u . joiu this Society , make it truly a national omu- t « number not onl y thousands but millions . ' Unite , cause it to isteud throughout the length andJ breadth « f il ; e 2 :. » u . The government of the Society is in the bawls of tJ : e members , every branch being empawere < 3 In «!;•_ m ! es to manage its own local affairs . The Sftrit-vv . is in four divisions for its members to receive according lo their payments thefollowing benefits : £ s . d . £ s . d . InSu&r . fesi'cr i veek from ... 0 9 0 to 018 0 Death uf Member 10 0 0 to 20 0 0 Death <¦! Wife vr nuvniute ... 500 to 10 00 Tfife ' s lAi , ig-iu 1 0 0 to 2 0 0 I * ss by *'«•<; 10 0 0 to 15 0 0 St ^ eramiiia tiou iier lvctk ... 0 4 0 to 0 6 0 Contribiiri ' . 'iis jicr calendar ^ monzli for Sickness and > 0 1 4 to 0 2 7 Ma ! iagci ! i * iiT . J Lavies accio-Tsliig to the demands on each division per quarter . Entrant- ; ai-ewding to age , from two shillings and etghtpeiirt- u » iiim * shillings and twopence . Wfeeli y ili-t-ti ! : !;* ;< t the London Society House , Brown Bear Tarsm , Iir « j * ti . ? ircet , Bloomsbury , every Tuesday evening , ai < % lit « * «( vk . Person * ran vnrrfl ;» t the Society House any day by paying tlie ^ iitrain-e mwiij . ¦ Ehc foll « iv . ni « js a list of the Branches , Sanies of the Snb-Stcrffcirics , JM .- sms m ' Meeting , and Counties situated in at present , foinjijis limls of this growing and gigantic Qucicij , ljcrci « : r # . > n !! <\ iu be entered any time by the SnD-Secrctarii-s at Jlieir residence , or at the Branch Houses : — Athersu . jie , Warwirfcsiiire , Holly Bush Inn , Long , street ; Suu-SHvi ^ tary , V . Smith , Bingham ' s-row . AlchesKr , ' tV .- » r « icJ > iiliire , Globe Inn ; Sub-Secretary , W . Spooni r , Ktciilriiiakcr . Bristol , .-M . mersctsliire , Glasshouse Tavern , Avonstreet ; St . J'liilliiiV and Cannon Tavern , Cannon-street , St . Jam <*; 5 u : i-Sc , ; nt . ir . v , S . Jacobs , Bookseller , 18 , Upper Mnu < i : in . M ! veT , St . Michael ' s-hilL Bath , . Si . ; ne . -s' -t < hire , «'» rnpes Tavern , Westgate-street ; Sab-Sewvmr . < , W Young , 17 , Phillip-street . Bunionm , ! i-. tks . Sou Inn ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brittain , Chaht-y . Blandf'iii . Dt . rsct , T . Saunders , jun ., Upholsterer , Salisbury-sir * - ' . ! . Braintrt * . Essex , Temperance Coffee House ; Sub-Secretary , T . Ii ' j ukUc . Coggesliaii . Ksscx , Chsppell Inn ; Sub-Secretary , J . Borrows , T ^ -per ^ tonfehsm-street . Daveatiy . N' . rtJ . amj . J . tiishire , lion and Lamb Inn , Market-place : Sub-Sccrcuny , G . ' Ashwell , Cabinet-maker , George-suvet . Halsteail , 2 ? se > . -Vliile Horse Inn , Parsonage-lane ; Sub-Seaviary , K . Vavne , . Silk-worker , Tan-yard . Hedgerlcy , Sr . clcs . Oi : t Pin . Inu ; Suh-Secretary , J . Kose . Norwich , Xurfoik , Coffi-c and Eating Rooms , Princesstreet ; Sub-Scor « rary , K . Howse , Fdlmongers' Annsyard , Oak-sireet , St . Martin ' s . Pimlico , Iionduii , HuiMers' Anns , Vauxhall-bridgetoad ; Snb-Srcr « arv . T . Sawyers , Bookseller , 14 , St . leonsrti-strcetj Kt ' lgrave-roaO , Beading , Berks Wnolpack Inn , Broad-street ; Sub-Secretary , G . \\\ Wheeler , 30 , Coley-street . Sloagu , Uueks , Kan Beer Inn ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brittain , Bricklayer , Ciialvey . Sudbury , iufiljik , Horn Inn , North-street ; Sub-Secretary , W . Outiiig , Tea I > ealer , Xorth-street . Sheffield , Yorkshire , Three Cranes Inn , Queen-street ; Sab-Secrttjuy , G . UalJ , -S , Cora-hill . South Oekitiuon , Kssev , Old King ' s Hea'l Inn , Highstreet ; Sub-Secretary , V . G . Horacastle , Commercial Academy . Wellington , Somersetshire , King ' s Arms Inn , Highstreet ; Sulj-Hccrctarr , \ f . Uowerman , Bootmaker , Rockwell-green . ¦ WellinglHirr . iigli , Xyriliamptonshire , Cross Keys Inn , " Higa-Etrefct ; SuU-Secrt : iary , C . Knight ^ Gardener , East End . Windsor , Berks , Crispius' Inn , Thames-street ; Sub-Secretary , Vi \ S . Badooclc Carpenter , Love-lane . B 3 £ h Wvcomlw , Bucks , Bell Inn , CanaU ; Sub-Secretary , Jam .. ? Chsji-iiasi . Temple End . ¦ Wimbledon , Surrey . Castle Inn , Church-street ; Sub-Secretary , E . J . Holler , Painter , Ivy-place . Weabastoiij near Il « lcs » vorth , Suffolk , Compasses Inn ; Sab-Secretary , Thuinas J-unuell , Academy , opposite the dnrdu Blank forms- and infurmsition for the admission of country m < inljers can be obtained by applying to the Sub-Secretaries at their residences , or at the branch nooses . Information for forming branches , appointing Sub-Stcrefciric-s , ii-.. ran be obtained by letter , pre-paid , enclosing j ; y stage .-tamp forr-. tum letter . or three postage stamps for form , &v ., directed to D . W . Huffy , General Secretary , London UiS « , 13 , Tottenham-court , Kew road , St . Paucras .
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w ^ CS ^ S ^ SS ^^ SS ^ B ^ S ^ S ^ S ^ BI ^^ SS ^^^^^^^^ S ^^^^^ m ^^^^ ZSi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ COLOSSEUM . pATRONISED and " visited by her Most Gracious X MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . . OPES DAILY from Ten till Sir . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Gljptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Sir . Parris , &C . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra . EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 46 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Moat Blanc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectl y unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six ; and at all the principal Librar ; - and Musicsellers
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . We are always gratified in noticing the laudable exertions of the industrious and provident among our fellow-labourers ia the social ' vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human foresight may do , the calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessness , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the extremelimit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as the institution of securely based andjudicionslyregulatedBenefit Societies . Ourattention was some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under the title of 'THE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , ' and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . Jfartin ' s-lane . The advantages proposed to the members appear to be calculated upon a scale of liberality that requires and deserves extensive support . From the result of our examination of their rules , and the satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as highly deserving attention , whether viewed with icfereuee to its immediate or its prospective advantages . " Weekly Chrmiiele , March , 1838 . FELLOW BRETHREN , look to your own interests , and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Soeiety , THE ROYAL OAK , established 1837 . The Committee meet at tua Mitre Tavern , 68 , St . Martin ' s-lane , every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for the admission of Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-six years , being in good health , and their income arising from their business or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The Society is enrolled b y Act of Parliament , and is conducted upon an economical and secure principle . All unnecessary fines are abolished , and it allows the members to belong to any other society , at the same time being a member of the Royal Oak . It has paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested in tlie Bank of England , the interest of which produces the Society upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing in the country , however distant , are eUgiblefor admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and transmitting it to the Secretary . Look around , and see the number of Societies breaking up , when most needed , in consequence of the extra payments on a Quarterly Meeting being too heavy for a working man to meet on a suddeu demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted principle of a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterl y , and no Fines ; so that every member , however distant , is enabled to send by Post-office Order the full amountof his Quarterly Sub . scription . The following are the Benefits of the Society :- — £ s . In Sickness , per week ... 0 18 Superaunuation , ditto ... 0 4 Funeral / Death of a Member 20 0 T Thesebencfits money \ Death of Member's Wife 10 0 I arechargedas Wife ' s Lying-in 2 0 [ extrasin Other Loss by Fire 15 8 J Societies . Entrance Money only 3 s . 6 d . under thirty-two years of age—5 s . under thirty-six . Lose no time in enrolling your names while in health and vigour ( we know not what a day may bring forth ) . The Rules may be seen ( gratis ) at the Society House , or purchased , price 6 d . each . Printed Forms and Prospectuses sent to any part of the country , free , by enclosing a postage stamp to the Secretary , H . Hilliek , 17 , Cacileourt . St . Martiu's-lane , London .
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MPORTAXr TO HEAiVnir MEJf FBOM FORTY TO KIFTT-F 1 VS YEARS OF AGE . The Uniud Jitiriiirr&s ' Benefit Society , including Medical AiUialance ami Medicine . Enrolled and EtnpouH . iti lii Act of Parliament to extend over the UtUtCd HhfJ- ? VM . IT 1 HE want of a Societr of this nature must be evident JL to every jarson wiio issy have neglected providing agaisftthe calamities . il'JhViutheiryouth . It is in Four Divisions , aftfr llie u : aui : f > r of the United Patriots ' , baring the same lier . tfcs . except that of Lyings-in . This Society is Essablwlied « t lie same London Office , and at the same C < mn-ry H-juses in the same towns . It also has « ie same Officers for its Agents , &c The Contributions are on the same state per mnarmonth . Blankforms and Information for thfi ciimission of country members can lie obtained at any timu by applying to the Agents , &c , at their residences , or at the nifctinghQuses . Also information for forming L ^ -slities , appointing Agents , Medical Attendants , Ac , « -.-iu be obtained by letter , pre-paid , enclosing postage * t : iiims for return letter , or three postage stamp * for fono . ire . Direct , Mr . D . W . Ruiry , London Office , No . l : i , Temnkam-wurt , Jfew-road , St . Paiicras .
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WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . Adjournment of Hie Mdsummer Sessions for die Trial of Felons , &c . NOT ICE IS HEREBY GIVEJT , that the Midsummer General Quarter Sessions of the Peace , for the West Riding of the Couuty of York , will be holden by adjournment , at Wakefield , on Wednesday , the Tenth day ot September next , at Ten o'clock in the Forenoon , and by further adjournment from thence will be holdcn at Sheffield , on Friday , the Twelfth day of the same month of September next , at Half-past Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , for the Trial of Felons anil Persons indicted for Misdemeanors , when all Jurors , Suitors , Persons who stand upon Recognizance , and others having business at tbe said Sessions , are required to attend the Court . Prosecutors and Witnesses in cases of Felony and Misdemeanor from the Wapontakes of Stainclitte and Ewcross , Claro , Ainsty , Agbrigg and Morley , Skyrack and Barkstonash , must attend the Sessions at Wakefield ; and those from the Wapontakes of Straffotth and TiuHviU , Osgoldcross and Staiucross , being the remainher of tho West Riding , must attend the Sessions at Sheffield . C . H . Elslt ; t , Clerk of the Peace . Clerk of the Peace's Office , Wakefield , 18 th Augast , 1845 .
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JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Cd ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER TnE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . 4 ® = Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .
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PROSPECTUS OF THE UXITED TRADES' ASSOJL CIATIOX for the Employment of Labour in Agriculture and Manufactures . Established , August 2 nd , 1845 . T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., President . Shares , £ 3 each ; to be paid bj Instalments of Threepence per week . The Trades and the Working Classes generally are informed that a Joint Stock Association , under the above title , has been organised by the late National Trades' Conference , for the purpose of raising sufficient funds for the Employment of Surplus Labour . These Funds will be applied to the Purchase or Rental of Land , and the erection of Industrial Buildings for manufacturing purposes . It is hoped by these arrangements to elevate and improve the condition of the Working Classes ; to put aside the necessity of Expensive Strikes ; to give security to property by mitigating the hardshi ps of poverty ; aud to increase , by legal , moral , aiul peaceful means , the general happiness and prosperity of society . Application for Shares , by Trades or Inflividaals , to btmade to the Secretary , ijv , John Storey , at the Office of the Association , 39 , Hyde-street , Eloouisbury , L » ndon ; to the Provincial Agents ; or to thefollowing Directors : — Mr . W . Robson , Ladies' Shoemaker , V . P ., 14 , Uichardplace , Haggerston-bridge , London . Mr . A . Arch , Silk-hatter , 24 , Granby-street , Waterlooroad , L * mlon . Mr . R . Thompson , Printer , 1 , Little James-street , Gray ' s-inn-lane , London . Mr . J . Storey , Ladies' Shoemaker , 5 , John-street , nanway-street , Oxford-street , London . M . J . T . Gimblett , Carpenter , 3 , Howick-terrace , VauxhalUbriilgc-road , London . Mr . G . White , Woolcomber , Cross-street , Manchesterroad , Bradford , Yorkshire . Mr . Evans , Potter , Brunswick-street , Shelton , Staffordskire Potteries . Mr . Roberts , Packer , 3 , Salford-strcet , Broughton-road , Salford , Manchester . ' 4 ®* The Rules and Regulations of the Association ma ; be had at tlie Office at 3 s . 6 ii . per hundred . The Rules , . fcc , of the Land and Trades' Associations may be ha
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CHARTIST co-operative LAND SOCIETY . A PUBLIC jIL-ETi . \ 'G of all the SHAREHOLDERS in the Lonii-.-ii 3 > i ^ rict-Kili ba held at the South London Hall , Wibtor-sirttc , lllackfriars-road , on Sunday evening . August Sis , in revise the present Rules , and to hear a Rt-por : ux-m - Aw Stcrctary of the present state of the Society , . i 1 ' uMic Meeting will also Ve held in the Carpenters * lsaii . J 5 ::::-jhestcr , on the same evening , for the same object . Tii » x / . > Maktin Wheeleb , Sccrciarv .
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. PAXKM 8 . 1 XUX IRON WORKS . ITinE LA IWSST STOCK IS EUROPE . —FDHSISHi I > 'G 1 Hi » " 53 « i . \ " «; JiRY , Stoves , Grates , Kitchen Eauses , Fcuum * . I' ^ - ' n-uj , best Shefiield Platt , ornamental Iron and W-. re W .. rk , Garden Engiia-s , Hollers . &c _ Jajtau T « t Travs . liaths , Ac—PAXKLIBAXOX I O 5 T WOKKS , ; , ii . k » ior ! . i . Madame Tussaud ' s . oS , Bakerstrset , Po :-iinaii--iiu £ iv . XB . —Every arti . ie iy .-narked in plain figures at the owes cash jincts .
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LESSORS L \ * -MILLINERY AND DKESSMAKLXG . MADA ? . IE GALLICS , M , Xcw Bond-etreet , continues her sujHirior method of teaching tlie art of DressifaVing . She uu < l » r uskcs to make persons of the smallest capacity proficient in Cotting , FittiHg , and Eie .-uting , in the most liiiislicl style , in Six Les 3 ons , for One Pound . E « r superior method can " ne fully substantiated by references to popuS ; aj > J lias never been equalled > y anj competitor . « S- Practice hours from eleven tiU four .
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LIGHT , rEXTJLATIXG , FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 13 st PERRIXG' ^ Pa t «! tVentilating , Flexiblen » ts maybe obtained iu Ht-av . .-r , Silk , and Velvet , from Ss . fiu . to 21 = ^ in upwards cl one hundred different shapes , to suit COUtour . Aiso lite bsst Liv « ry Hats at lGs .-, Youths' and Gentlemen ' s iiats sud Caps of every description . —CECIL HOUSE , 85 , -Strand , and 251 , Regent-street tgir Copy xhe afiiln . ^ . aud buy where you can be well ostd .
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TEE variai-ie slate of the WE ATHEK has produced the numerous c . if es oflow fever and debility exist-. ing at present , and is a sure indication of habitual costiveaess , caused grrueraiiy by want of care in attendim : to the stsle of the uigestive viscrral organs . The oi ; = v real remedy in such Ka « s is LORD ELDOX'S APES 1 EXT BILLS , which have been the means of positive cure to cany thousands ; t !;« -j aro veculiarly adapted for persons of both sexes who are of sedentary habits , they are patronised by the noliiJSty and gentry , and are the mildest an « mostc-iiiwie : oiisxuc'lidue extant . Soldinboxvsatls . l | 5 ., 2 s . ad ., an « 14 s . fio-. by ifessrs . Barclay and Co ., 9-3 . Farxiitgdon-slrcet ; Svtxion and Co ., 10 , Bow Church-yard ; 3 ? evbury , 4 o , and Edwanfc , G 5 . St . Paul ' s ; Saneer , 150 , Ois ' ord-strtct : ar . n by ail respectable Druggists an 1 Medicine Voider . ; iu thi- 'dtizdoui ; aud wholesale at 13 , Oicat Si . Thomas Apcsile , Lvhcoji . TESTIMONIAL TO LORD ELDON ' S PILLS . * > —1 Iis > e sir .-jc .-icfl : o a careful chemical analysis £ Piiis v- 'art * \ . , you . and find ihnn to cc ; i « st oi f .. ettual W ^ < v :, j-, rwits without anymc-rcunal wpasationwbaifie :. Yoar ? . itc , ^^ ^^ ZZ ^™* -
•^¦ ¦¦¦¦ Bb Hbmbhhhbb^^^^^H L-.*Oi-:Jv.:≫T To Tvokiiintx Men Vadkh. Forty Years Of Age.
•^¦ ¦¦¦¦ BB HBMBHHHBB ^^^^^ H l-. * oi-: JV .: > T TO tVOKiiiNtx MEN VADkH . FORTY YEARS OF AGE .
Experiments Ox The Loxdox Axd Cnorpox Atsiosrnebjc Lixe Of Railway.—A Series Of Private Experiments Have Been Conducted 011 This Line Of Rail-
Experiments ox the Loxdox axd Cnorpox AtsiosrnEBJc Lixe of Railway . —A series of private experiments have been conducted 011 this line of rail-
way , lor the purpose ot testing the powers of atmospheric propulsion , and the most marked and decided success has attended all the experiments that have been hitherto performed . 'The question as to the power of ascending inclines was completely set at rest by an experiment which may be regarded as an e . rperi ^ ment ion crucis . A train was brought to-the foot of an incline of one in fifty , and stopped , so as to deprive it sf any power it might have acquired from the impetus of its previous progression . It was then propelled by the atmosphere up the incline , and that which , many of o \ tr most eminent engineers have declared an impossibility was accomplished with the greatest ease imaginable . . Among other results that have Ijccn obtained , we may mention that the five miles' lenjrih » f tube has been exhausted in its whole extent , the barometer being at the time at 271 , and thai the plstou has traversed its whole length . The experiments are not yet completed , hut , r . s far as they have g » nt , they demonstrate not only the | practicability but fhesupe riority of the atmospheric 1 mode of propulsion . The train was frequently pro-! pelled . u the rate of eSghtv miles an houri
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1 ' ' - — ' I——m CO-OPERATIVE LAND , SOCIETY . I hereby directthat all monies payable to me , as treasurer to the Chartist Co-operative Land Fund , must be transmitted as follows : —Either by Bank order or Post-office order , to the " care of FeavgusO'Connor , Esq ., 340 Strs-nd , London ; " and payable to me , " W . P . Roberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , say that Edward Hobson , of Ashton , has £ 10 to transmit ; he is to transmit the same to Mr . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . P . Iioberts That order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them are sent to me . The two only things required to secure the triumph of Labour ' s battle arc , union among the working classes , and undeviating honesty and punctuality on the part of those who have the management of their affairs . I therefore adopt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks as possible . This is advisable , as much for our own mutual satisfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore request that these plain and simple instructions may be punctually attended to in all cases . To save additional postage , each letter containing a money order , may also eontain a list of the respective sums , and all other information necessary for the general secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; which letter Mr . O'Connor will duly forward to him . This done , there can be no puzzle about the accounts . W . P . Hobebts , Treasurer . All orders should bo made payable at 180 , Strand , London . —W . P . B . [ The above mode has . been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have had , owing to some parties sending me Post-office orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts' order . Obseivance of the above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There is a difficulty at the branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not sigued by the persons to whom they are made payable . FeAKOCS O'CONNOB . l
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THE DUNFERMLINE " RIOTS . "
CALL FOR "MORE MILITARY , " TO "KEEP DOWN " A HUNGRY PEOPLE . In another portion of this sheet will be found an account of some " riotous proceedings , " as they are termed , that have occurred in Dunfermline and its neighbourhood . That account we have given just as it appeared in the Times ; but we are convinced , not only from the manifest ill-will and ferocity of the writer towards the " rioters , " but from what we know of the general character of the population whom he so ruthlessly and shamelessly represents as
a band of murdering conspirators and cold-blooded assassins , that he has net correctly set forth THE CAUSE of the disturbances , or explained the reason why the inhabitants of a town known over all Scotland for its general intelligence , and for its abhorrence of outrage and tumult , have appeared as the destroyers of property , and the assailers oi life . The whole of this writer ' s communications show him disposed to heighten and colour the conduct of the " rioters , " when once in action ; but he dismisses very summarily indeed THE CAUSE that has converted one of the most enduring and
peaceably-disposed populations into a " bloodthirsty mob of ruffians . " Whatever that CAUSE may have been , it is one that ought to have been prominently set forth ; for it must have been one of most unendurable tyranny , to have operated that entire change in the character of tho people that the account narrates . So convinced are we , that this writer has not acted fairly by the people of Dunfermline , and that he has . either allowed his fears to run away with his senses and his veracity , or that he
knowingly lends himself to the basest of purpose ? - that we publ'cly call on some sober truthful democrat who has the means of mailing lrmself acquainted with all the facts of the case , to give vs a full and true version of those facts , that the people of Dun fermline may stand before the world in an unprejudiced light : justified , as far as they can be , in the acts they have engaged in ; or guilty , as they may be , of all that this ferocious assailant lays at their door .
It has long been dinned into our eara thai the working people of Scotland were far more intelligent than the working people of England ; that in the "land o ' cakes" " antalluct" was far more "cultivated , " far more acute , than in England , where stupidity and stubbornness abound . Have we not had the changes rung on the terms " heddication , " " schoolmaster abroad , " and " spread of knowled ge , " as applied to the Scotch people ? and , without admitting the truth of the assertion as far as relates to a knowledge of rights or of duties , or of the manual operationsinwhich therespectiveworkers are engaged , we are free to admit its truth , as far as a mere fcnowledgc of booh is concerned . The opportunities which
the system of teaching in Scotland confer on the people , over the working people of England , —who are left to obtain a school education as they can , —do give the former a decided advantage in book-knowledge : and therefore , as far as this is concerned , and as far as general acuteness is involved in such advantage , the Scotch working people are more "intelligent ' than their brethren in England . This we most freely admit ; and accompany the admission with the assertion , that of all the inhabitants in the several districts of Scotland , none ranked as high in the scale of "intelligence" as the inhabitants of the very district which is now represented as being peopled by a horde of deliberate murderers and conpirinjr assassins !
Then , again , we happen to know that of all the districts in Scotland , not one has shewn itself to be so thoroughly indoctrinated with the " whole-hogiam " of " moral force" as this same Dunievmline . In 1839-40 , when the questions of " physical force" and " moral force" were pitted against each other , Duufermline almost universall y took its stand with the concoctors and passers of the Calton-Mll resolutions . It was with the people of Dunfermline a proof of "intelligence ' to employ only "moral" means , as they termed certain modes of agitation , to bring about the changes and reforms in Government by them held necessary for general good . They could not tfien contemplate the possibility of any circumstance * arising that would justify a resort to "
violence" or " force . " Then what is it , that has wrought such a change in the character and conduct of the people of Dunfermline , as the writer in the limes sets forth ? It caw have been no ordinary cause . It must have been something most revolting indeed : some attempt on tho part of the obnoxious employers to reduce the workman ' s poor " SHARE ; " or some oppressive and tyrannical conditions , which the most " philosophical" of human nature could not endure . Two thousand persons do not generally congregate together , and destroy property for nothing . There is generally an operating CAUSE . In this instance we are persuaded there must have been an extraordinary powerful one ; and we shall be glad to hear from some of the workers of Dunfermline what it was .
It is true that the correspondent of tho Times gives U 3 an inkling of that CAUSE . He says , " it appears to be an alleged breach of faith of tuo Messrs . Alexander , with the other manufacturers , is not adhering to THE tablk op prices agreed on by the manufacturers in 1843 or 1 S 44 . " The writer adds , as a justification for the Messrs . Alexander , that " it is reported that they never signed that agreement ; " but he docs not deny that thore has been « n attempt to depart from the list . It may be ; indeed it is highly probable , that the list-prices themselves are as low as is at all compatible with the very
coarsest of food and the meanest existence . We deduce this probability from what we know of the condition of the Scottish working people generally , low as is the condition of the English worker , it is hardly in any one occupation so degraded and so debased as is the condition of the Scotch producer . Of this we intend to furnish indubitable proof , before we have done . Of all the descriptions of " knowledge " that can be " spread , " none is calculated to bo of more service to the working people of the three kingdoms than a knowledge of their relative conditions : and , please God , it shall not be our fault ii knowledge of that character does not " march . " . To enable the present generation to understand I something of the condition of the Scotch labourers
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we sha ll transcribe into this article a paper written by Wiiaiasi Cobbett , - after he had himself seen what he so forcibly and graphically narrates . This description will impart a notion of . the degree of comfort which untiring industry purchases for the labouring producers of Scotland ; and will also impart some idea of the dreadful consequences entailed on the toilers , by a departure from such a " table of prices " as that by which the Scotch labourers are paid . We fancy that when the reader has got to the end of the
" Address to the . Enolisu Chopsticks , " which we are about to quote , he will wonder , —not that a riot should just now have occurred at Dunfermline , —but that the land has not been , one entire scene of commotion and burnings , sooner than that the workers should have submitted to such grinding tyranny as they have to endure . Here is the description we speak of : read it every line ; and let the truths embodied in it sink deep into the soul . Here is the condition of the Scotch producers , painted by a master-hand :
COBBETT S ADVICE TO THE CHOI-STICKS . Of Kent , Sussex , Surrey , Hampshire , Wiltshire , Dorsetshire , Berkshire , Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and of all the other counties in the south of England . Edinburgh , Oct . 14 th , 1832 . My Friends , —This is the finest city that I ever saw in my lite , though it is about five hundred miles to the north of the southern part of Dorsetshire ; but neither the beauty of this city nor its distance from your and my home has made me forget you , and particularly poor Cook and Farmer Boycs , and the men that were transported in 1830 . I have some advice to offer you , the object of which is to induce you resolutely to maintain tho rights which , agreeably to the laws of our country , we all inherit from our forefathers . Amongst these rights are the right to live in the country of our birth ; the right to have a living out of the land of our birth in exchange
for our labour duly and honestly performed ; the right , in case we fall into distress , to have our wants sufficiently relieved out of the produce of the land , whether that distress arise from sickness , from decrepitude , from old age , or from the inability to find employment ; because there are laws , and those laws are just , to punish us if we bo idle or dissolute . Y . ou know that many gentlemen in England have Scotch bailiffs ; and that these Scotch bailiifc , particularly Callendar , the bailiff of SirThos . Baring , in Hampshire , and another one or two whoso names I have now forgotten , were principal witnesses against the men that were brought to trial for breaking thrashing-machines , and other acts of that sort in 1830 . lou know that these bailiffs are always telling you how good and obedient the labourers are in Scotland , and how WELL OFF they are ; and yet they tell you that there are no Poor Laws in Scotland .
All this appeal's very wonderful to you . The Government and tho parsons tell yon tho same thing ; and they tell you , that if you were as well-behaved as the Scotch , and as quiet , you would be as well oiF as they are . They say , that it is your ignorance that makes you not like to live upon' potatoes , while those who live upon the tithes and the taxes have the meat and the bread . They tell you that you would bo better off if you were but as sensible and would but be as quiet as the Scotch labourers . Now then , I will tell you how well off the Scotch labourers are ; and then you will judge whether you have been wise or foolish , in what you have been lawfully doing with a view of making your living a little better than it
was . This city is fifty-six miles from the river Tweed , which separates England from Scotland . I have come through tho country in a post-chaise , stopped one night upon the road , and have made everv inquiry , in order that I might be able to ascertain the exact state of the labourers on the land . With the exception of about seven miles , the land is the finest that 1 ever saw in my life , though 1 have seen every fine vale in every county in England ; and in the United States of America I never saw any land a tenth part so good . You will know what the land is when I tell you that it is by no means uncommon for it to produce seven English quarters of wheat upon one English acre and forty tons of turnips upon one English acre ; and that there are , almost in every
halt mile , from fifty to a hundred acres of turnips in ono piece , sometimes white turnips and sometimes Sivedes ; all in rows as straight as a line , and without ; i weed even to be seen in any of these beautiful iiclds . O ! how you will wish to be here ! " Lord , " you will say to yourselves , " what pretty villages there must be there ; what nice churches and churchyards ; O ! and what preciously nice alehouses ! Come , Jack , let us set off to Scotland ! What nice gardens shall wo have to our cottages there ! What beautiful flowers our wives will have climbing up about the windows , and on both sides of the path leading from the wicket up to the door ! And what prancing anil barking pigs we shall have , running out upon the common , and what a flock of geese grazing upon the green !"
Stop ! stop ! I have not como to listen to you , but to make you listen to me . Let me tellyou , then , that there is neither village , nor church , nor alehouse , nor garden , nor cottage , nor flowers , nor pig , nor goose , nor common , nor green ; but the thing is thus : 1 . The farms of a whole county arc , generally speaking , the property of one lord ; 2 . They arc so large , that the corn-stacks ircqucntly amount to more ihau a hundred upon one farm , each stack having in it , on an average , from fifteen to twenty English quarters of corn ; 3 . The farmer ' s house is
a house big enough and line enough for a gentleman to live in ; the farm-yard is a square , with buildings on one side of it fov horses , cattle , ami implements ; the stack-yard is on one side of this , the stacks all in vows , and the place as big as a little town . 4 . On the side of the farm-yard next to the stack-yard there is a place to thrash the com in ; and there is , close by this , always a thrashingmachine , sometimes worked by horses , sometimes by water , sometimes by wind , and sometimes by steam , there being no such thing as a barn or a flail in the whole country .
" Well , " say you , " but out of such a quantity of corn and of beef and of mutton , there must some come to tho share of the chopsticks , to be sure !" Don't be too sure yet : but hold your tongue , and hear my story . The single labourers are kept in this manner : about four of them arc put into a shed , quite away from tlie form-house and out of the farm-yard ; which shed Dr . Jamicson , in his dictionary , calls a " bootluo , " a place , says he , where labouring servants arc lodged . A buothie means a little booth ; and hero thc-o men live and sleep , having a certain allowance of oat , barley , and pwi meal , upon which they live , mixing it with water , or with milk when they are allowed the use of a cow , which they have to milk themselves . They are allowed sonic little matter of money besides to buy clothes with ; but never dream of being allowed to set their foot within the walls of the farm-house . Thev
hire for the year , under very severe punishment in case of misbehaviour or quitting service ; and cannot have fresh service , without a character from the last master , and also a character from the minuter of the parish ! Pretty well , that , for a knife-and-fork chopatick of Sussex , who has been usuil to sit round the fire with the master and mistress , and to pull about and tickle the laughing maids ' . Pretty well , that I But it is the life of the married labourer that will delight you . Upon a steam-engine farm there arc , perhaps , eight or ten of these . There is , at a considerable distance from , the farm-yard , a sort oi larrack ercctid for these to live in . It is a lony shed , stone walls , and pantile roof , and divided into a certain number of boothies , each bavins' a door and
one little window , all the doors being on one side ol the shed , and there being no back-doors ; and as to & privy , no such thing , for them , appears ever to b « thought of . The ground in front of the shed , is wide or narrow according to circumstances , but quite smooth ; merely a place to walk upon . Each distinct boothie is about seventeen feet one way and fifteen feet the other way , as nearly as my eye could determine . There is no ceiling , and no floor but the earth . In this place a man and his wife and family have to live . When they go into it there is nothing but the four bare walls , and the tiles over their heads , and a small fire-place . To make the
most of the room , they , at their own cost , erect berths : like those in a barrack-room , which they get up into when they go to bed ; and here they are , the man , his wife , and a parcel of children , squeezed up in this miserable hole , -with their meal and their washing tackle , and all their other things ; and yel it is quite surprising to behold how decent the women endeavour to keep the place . These women ( for I found all the men out at work ) appeared to be most industrious creatures , to be extremely obliging , and of good disposition ; and the shame is ' that they are permitted to enjoy so small a portion of the fruit of all their labours , of all their cares .
But if their dwelling-place is bad , their food S ' worse , being fed upon exactly that which we feed hogs and horses upon . The married man receives in money about four pounds for the whole year ; and he has besides sixty bushels of oats , thirty bushels of barley , twelve bushels of peas , and three bushels of potatoes , with ground allowed him to plant the potatoes . The master gives him tho keep of a cow for the year round ; but he must find tho cow himself he pays for his own fuel ; he must find a woman ia reap for twenty whole days in tho harvest , as payment for the rent of his boothie ; he has no wheat the meal altogether amounts to about six pounds for everyday in the year ; the oatmeal is eaten in porridge ; the barley-meal and pea-meal are mixed together , and baked into asovt of cakes upon an iron plate put over the live ; they sometimes get a pi" and toed it upon the potatoes . a °
llius they never have one bit of wheaten bread oi ot wheatcn Dour , nor ot beef nov mutton ; UiouMithe land is covered with wheat and with cattle Tho hiring is for ft yoar , beginning on the 20 th ot
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May , and not at Michaelmas ; the farmer takes the man just at the season to get the sweat out of him ; and if he die , he dies when the main work is done . The labourer is wholly at the mercy of the master , who , if he will not keep him beyond the year , can totally rain him , by refusing him a character . 1 he cow is a thing more in name than reality ; she may be about to calve when the 26 th of May comes ; the wife may bo in a situation to make removal perilous to her life . This family has NO HOME ; and no home can any man be said to have -who can thus be dislodged every year of his life at the will ol a master . It very frequently happens that the poor creatures are compelled to sell their cow for next to nothing ; and , indeed , the necessity of character from the-last employer makes the man a real slave , worse off than the negro . by many degrees ; for here there is neither lawto insure him relief , nor motive _ in the master to to attend his health or to preserve his life .
There , chopsticks of Sussex , you can now see what English scoundrels , calling themselves " gentlemen , " get Scotch bailiffs for . These bailiffs are generally the sons of some of these farmers , recommended to the grinding rufiians of England by the grinding ruffians in Scotland . Six days , from daylight to dark , these good ami laborious and patient and kind people labour . On an average they have six English miles to go to any church . ' Here are twelve miles to walk on the Sunday ; and the consequence is , that they very seldom go . But , say you , what do they do with all the wheat , and all the beef , and all the mutton ; and what becomes of the money that they are sold for ? Why the cattle and sheep walk into ' England upon their legs ; the wheat
is put into ships , to be sent to London or elsewhere ; and as to the money that these are sold for , the fanner is allowed to have a little of it ; but almost the whole of it is sent away to the landlord , to be gambled or otherwise squandered away at London , ab Paris , or at Rome . The rent of the land is enormous : four , five , six , or seven pounds for an English acre : the farmer is not allowed to get much ; almost the whole of the produce of these fine lands goes into the pockets of the lords ; tho labourers are their slaves , and the farmers their slave-drivers . The favm . yards arc , in fact , factories for making corn and meiit , carried on principally by the means of horses and machinery . There are no people ; and these men secin to think that people are unnecessary te a state . I came over a tract of country a great deal bigger than the county of Suffolk , with only three towns in it , and a couple of villageswhile the county of Suffolk has twenty-nine
, market-towns and 491 villages . Yet our precious Government seem to wish to reduce England to the state of Scotland ; and you are reproached and abused , and called ignorant , because you will not reside in a "hoothie , " and live upon tho food which we give to horses and to hogs ! Take one more fact , at which you will not wonder ; that , though Northumberland is but a poor country compared with this that I have been describing , the poor Scotch labourers get away into England whenever they can . There is a great and fine town , called Newcastle-upon-Tyne , from which and its neighbourhood the coals go into our country . The poor Scotchmen flee from these fine and rich lands tobeg their bread there ; and there they are put into caravans and brought . back to Scotland by force , as the Irish are sent from London , from Manchester , from Birmingham , and the other great towns in the South . Is not this the greatest shame that ever was
witnessed under the sun ? And shall not we be resolved to prevent our country from being reduced to a similar state ; shall not we venture , ifnecessavy , our limbs and our lives , rather than not endeavour to cause , by all legal moans , a change in the condition of the labourers of these two ill-treated countries ? What ! shall any lord tell me , or tell any one of you , that you have not aright to be in England as well as he has ? Will he tell you that he has a right to lay all his lands waste , or lay them into sheep-walks , and drive the people from them ? A
stupid landowner might say so , and might attempt to do it ; but detestable must he the Government that would suffer him , even to begin , in the work of giving effect to his wish . God did not make the land for the few , but for the many . Civil society invented property ; but gave it not that absolute character which would enable a few owners to extirpate the people , as they appear to be endeavouring to do in Scotland . I remain , your faithful friend , Wm . Cobbett .
Now , then , what does the reader think of that ? That is the sort of "knowledge" to beget a strong determination to use nothing but " moral" force ; That is the sort of " knowledge" to cause its possessors to eschew all idea of "forcible resistance ;" and induce a determination to remain "quiet and orderly" until they can " morally" persuade the Government to secure for them a better "SHARE " than a " boothie" and " barley-bread ! " O yes ; the people that are made to know these things—made to endure tho oppression—will never dream of " physical" resistance ; but they will endure on , untri their feeble complaints have worked that change in the hearts of tlie " rich oppressor" which even the " grace of God" cannot effect !
But we have not yet had the whole of tho picture There aro one or two features in it . vanting , but which can be supplied . It happens that Mr . Cobbett was in this very town of Dunfermline ; and in a "Second Addukss to the Ciiovsticks , " he details what he there saw . Here follows that detail : attend to it ; and then wonder , —not that the people of Dunfermline are " rioting" just now , —but that there has been a town or a single habitation left standing within a thousand miles of the spot , where such a state of things exist as is therein set forth . Read ; mark ; LEARN ; ani inwardly diacst : —
JIv Fbiends , —In my former address I described to you how the married labourers of Scotland weru treated , in what places they lived , and what they lived upon : I am now going to describe to you how the single men live ; I mean the farming men , who are what the law calls servants in husbandry . I mentioned to you before , that these men are lodged , a parcel of them together , in a sort of shed , and that they are never suffered to eat or drink , or even set their foot in the farm-house any more than the oxen or the pigs are j but I had not then examined the matter with my own eyes aud ears , which I cow have dono ; and I shall therefore now gireycu an account of the whole thing , and shall give you my advice how to act so as to prevent yourselves or your children from ev « r being brought into the same state .
On Tuesday last , the lGtli of this month , I went to tho farm of a farmer Reid , near the town of Dunfermline . The land is as fine as man ever set his eyes on , havii'g on it some of tlie finest turnips that you ever saw ; and there being in the stack-yard about three-score stacks , perhaps , each containing from fifteen to twenty quarters of corn ; fine oxen and hogs in the yard , and fine cows and sheep in the pastures . I told you before , that the single men lived in a sort of shed , which is hero called a "boothio ; " aud the farmer upon this farm living near a town , and being said to use his people rather better than the common run , I wished to see with my own eyes tho " boothie" upon this farm and tho men in it .
The custom here is for men to plough with a pair of horses ; to go out at daylight ; come in at twelve o ' clock , and stay in till two ; then go out again and plough till night ; and I have seen many of them at plough till sun . set . Coke , of Norfolk , brought this practice from Scotland to Norfolk ; and it lips spruarl over a good part of England . It U a verx bad \ wwitw > , though \ adopted it for some time , and , I found it no advantage to mo , while it was a great slavery both to the horses and the men . I went to tho " boothiu" between twelve and one o ' clock , in order that I might find tlie men at home , nnd see what they had for their dinner . I found the " boothie" to be a shed , with a fire-place in it to burn coals in , with ono iloor-way , and one little window . The floor was the
ground . There wore three wooden bedsteads , nailed together like the berths in a barrack-room , with boards for the bottom of them . Tho bedding seemed to be very coarse sheeting with coarse woollen things at the top ; nnd all seemed to be such as similar things must be whero there is nobody but men to look alter them . There were six men , nil at homo ; one sitting upon a stool , four upon the sides of the berths , and one standing talking to me . Though it whs Monday , theb beards , especially of two . of thorn , appeared to be some days old . There were tea or twelve bushels of coala I ^ ng in a heap 5 n one corner of the place , which was , as nearly as I couM guess , abaut sixteen or eighteen feet square . There- was no back door to the place , and no ^ rivy . There ware some Is ^ je potatoes lying under one of the berths .
Now , for the wages ot-shese men . la She first pla * e the average wages of theso single farmingaicn are about ten pound * a year , or not qjuite four shil&ags a week . Then hey aro found provisions in the following manner : each has allowed him tvo pecks of coaatso oatineul a week and three " chopping of . milk a dsff ; and a ofcoppin" i ^ I believe , equal to an English qjaart . Thej hare to us * this meal , which weighs about seventeen pounds , eUl& « by sailing it with cold water car with hot ; ftey put sqssb of it into a bow ^ pour some toiling water upon it , then star it about aw 3 eat it ; ami they call tiis Bbo » ev and you will be sj » 6 to reinere&w that naae . "Whe » they use milk wi& the meal , th * y use it in t * e same my that h ! ' " er : ! 8 3 om c of t * brow *>« ed
,,, ^ m ready to ee& ; and this is . fcy no means ^ a d stuff ,, only there ought to t *> half-a-pouisa of good moat to cat Mon- witr it . The Americans ! Vtt » k « ' brose" of the cosa-ineal bw then , ttaoy make theit broso with , milk instead of water and tt »« y send it down their throats in company wit ! buttered beefsteaks . And it there was some bacon alon , with the brose , I should tU \« k fi » teose very proper because , m this country , oats are more easily grown i some parts tUan the wheat is . These men were nc troubled with cooking ntonsils . They haH a largo iro saucepan and five or six broso-bowls ; and arc now troubled with those clattering ftlngg , knives , forks , plate ; tuulu . olotu 3 , ov taWes . l
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Now , I eliali not attempt any general description of this treatment of those who moke all the crops to come ; but I advise you to look well at it ; and I recommend to you to do everything within your power that it i 3 lawful for you to do , in order to show your hatred of , and to cause to suffer , any one that shall attempt to reduce you to this state . The meal and the milk are not worth more than eightcvn-pcncc a week ; the shed is worth nothing ; and here are tliese men , who work for so many hours in a day , who are so laborious , so obedient , so civil , so honest , and amongst tho best people in tlfe world , re ceivingfor a whole week less than an American labourer receives for one day ' s work not half so hard as the work of these men . This shed i 3 stuck up generally away frota the farm-yard , which is surrounded with good buildings ,
in which tho cattlo arc lodged quite as well as these men , and in which young pigs are fed a great doal better . There were three sacks of meal standing in this shed , just as you see them standing in our farni-houses filled with barley-meal for tho feeding of pigs . The farm , house , standing on one side of the yard , is always a sort of gentleman ' s house , in which there are several mauls to wait upon the gentleman and lady , and a boy to ivait upon them too . There is , generally , a Bailiff upon tliese farms , who is very often a relation of the farmer ; and , if he be a siugle man , he has either a " small boothie " to himself , or a place boarded off in a larger "boothie ;" nnd he is a sort of a sergeant or corporal over the com . mon men , who are continually under his eye dny and night ; and who being firmly bound for tlio year , cannot quit their service till the year be out .
It is from this source that tho " agricultural gentle , men , " as they call themselves , in England , have been supplied with Scotch Bailiffs , who are so justly detested by you . The Scotch landowners , who suck up and ciwry away almost the whole produce of the earth , have told the English landowners how they manage the matter here . The English fellows find that they can get nobody in England to treat men in such a way , and , therefore , they bring them up from Scotland , and they pick out tho hardest and most cruel fellows that they van find in Scot , land ; so that we have not , by any means , a fair specimen , even of Scotch bailiffs ; because nincteen-twenticths of
them would not do the savage things which the English tyrants want them to do . Well enough may you complai n of Scotch bailiffs ; and , wherever you find one , you always find tlie employer to be a grinding , hard-hearted man , and I advise you to liave your eye upon every man who has a Scotch bailiff ; for , you may be very sure , that his inten . tion is to bring you down to the shed and to the brose ; to prevent you from ever seeing knife or fork , or bread again , and to have you considered as being nothing bet \« than the cattle . I am , your faithful friend , Wm . ComiETT .
It may be objected , that this description does not apply to the present caso ; that it relates to tho agricultural labourers—those who work for others on the land ; while the " rioters" are manufacturing operatives . True , this is so : but the condition of the working manufacturers is , generally , as bad as tlie condition of the inmates of the " boothies" and the livers on the " brosc . " The wages they receive are miserably low , such as will purchase no higher degree of comfort than the agricultural labourers " enjoy" (?) . Dunfermline is mainly engaged in the manufactory of table-cloths and table-covers ; and
the houses of the workers are of a small and mean character . The BROSE-bowl is one of the " utensils" of the dwelling ; and in the town are sold lumps of suety-fiit . made up into small ha \ h , wlterewith to make broth ! Apan-ful of vegetables and water , and a few of these "balls " , ( sold at the rate of three-a . penny , we believe ) , without any other meat , forma MESS OF BROTH —which , like a red herring in Ireland , is considered a luxury ! And when an attempt is made to filch from even this sinn ' \ "SRAUE , " ly parlies ivho have " ESTATES , " the writer in the Times is staggered at resistance manifesting itself .
And what is his remedy ? Hear it , ye " moral force" advocates . Hear it , ye who have persuaded yourselves that no circumstances can justify a resort to " violence ; " hear of the power which the writer in the Times proposes , to make the starving workers of Dunfermline put up with the REDUCTIONS in their miserable wages attempted by tho owner of " Balmule Hoitsc . " Hear of tho force he would cmploy , to extract the " balls of fat" from out of tho horrible " MESS of broth" the inadequate earnings of the Dunfermline weavers will only now procure ; Hear of all this ; and then go and exhort to submission and quiet endurance ! It is likely that your preachings will be called for !
On Monday the justices of the Dunfermline district met in tho town-house , and resolved to memorialise government on the necessity of making Duntermline a PERMANENT MILITAKY STATION , and having bar . mck 3 bmltforVie accommodulkn of the men . It is impossible to come to any other conclusion than that there is in tlie town of Dunfermline a regular band of conspirators , organised and disciplined with watchwords and signals , bound together under obligations of secrecy , ami with hearts to conceive ami " heads to execute . AMY CRIMES , however atrocious . Such a fcivriul stale of things must be met b y the authorities with the utmost vigilance ; and Dunfermline requires the constant PROTECTION o / ttc military .
lhiive arc other circumstances which will in future make this protection still more indispensably necessary than it is at present . In addition to the unquiet popula . tion of Bunfermlinc , and of the disorderly inhabitants of Crossgates , Halbeath , and Hell ' s Kitchen , aud the numerous collieries around Dunfermline , we have now le . fore us the prospect of a new village of 2000 to 8000 inliabitnnU , arising at once at the great iron-works about to be opened at Oakley ; and between this new population and the strangers whom the demand for railway labourers will bring into Fife , it is to be feared that the prcvalwico of peaceful and moral habits , and of good order and security to person and property , will not be in proportion to the increase of the census .
The daft fool ! Can tho bayonet quiet a hungry man ! Stick it into him , and it will : but then " two can play at that game . " It is rather too dangerous an expedient to be often resorted to ; while " hunger will break through stone walls . " l- ' orty thousand soldiers , with barracks , and fortifications , and loopholes , and cannon and muskets in profusion , could not , nor can not , " put down" Molly Maguibk in Ireland ; and if a " 1 'EltMANENT MILITARY ' will mako the Scotch people content witli their '" loothics" and their "BROSE , " and their " broth" without fat , " why they will richly deserve all that tho most iron-hearted tyranny can inflict 1
THE HARVEST , AND THE CROPS . During tho present week , and for a few days of tho last week , the weather in the south Jiere , lias been remarkably fine—well calculated for harvest operations . There has been plenty of sun , accompanied with good dry winds . Still , there is reason to fear that the misckief caused by the cold and wet of tho two previous months cannot now be remedied . All that fine weather will now enable tho farmer to do , will be to secure the crop , such as it is , without much labour in the field , and without tlie additional evil of wet after it is cut , to a deficiency in yicU from wtt while growing . That such a DEFSCIENCY is to be apprehended , the following tVein tho Mmk-lane Express of Monday furnishes but - » o many reasons : —
In all of the southern parts , of the kingdom very beautiful weather has been enjoyed since Wednesday , but in so-mu of the northern counties of England , as also ia . 5 cotlanfl , the rain did not cense so soon as with us , a-wl f * n * siderable dasnnge appears , to have been done along t ' eastern coast , by the extaeme violence of the vsiw 1 ani torrents of sain , to the outstanding : wops . On &e whole , therefore , tit * pmpeetiiin regard t ^ tU harvest Sim »< " ° degree imjieoveil , notwithstandids the late ausp icious change iiu the weathsr . Indeedi , there is toa-niuch «• " >• son to fear that , however favourable the mc « th of Sep » temboairaayheforeieingatheiiiiBg , the prh « iouslt si >> TAINBBf 3 SJJUUY Wljfl , BENDER M IMPOSSIBLE TOR A * ^
EAGS CKOP Ok' W . 'JEAT TO BE SECURED . Comp laints- Ot the asieriority cf the iniaUsy as well as sf the aeres&m defeiency are gaioral from all those quarters wlier * - * * grass has been , made wi& leaping ; wad we rouci Sof tltort these wHJ increase jb proportion » s the h «* vt ! rt 13 proceeded wish . . WhaUww may be said or writwa to the eontrary , it -would be fcSly to suppos * that with sueh « ca ' i ther as thafcexpsrienttik throughoni July nnd August , tt wheat plii' . iit could hare escaped t * ing injured ; au di "'^ posed as we are to . Jake tho mosi favourable vio « " of , matter , we xost * r treih-red to expect a «»« " FER 1 OR . P 1 ODUCE Sotft mj ) Ot ?! to / giHIlltity fllW OM ^' h . that e . ? rccent y $ ars . , rUinO
la our last week ' * artido vra noticed tha jOi ! then already current respecting a disease intnD Po ^' crap ; complaints on this subject have increased sin Qien from raost of the southern and wsatern countk *; we areha »» pj to say that hitherto the reports ft'Oin ^ north and east , as wott as the advices from S 00 " '"^^ , Ireland , are silent in respect to this matter , from " ' we infer that tha mischief has not extended far . By our Scotch advices it seems that the wcaOi <* - ^ excassively wot nnd boisterous in that country I Wednesday night , and , though it subsequently clear l _^ the storm of wind nnd rain had , it was frareu , d <» 1 L parable injury to the prain crops , anJ From Ireland the reports respecting tho went ,, l ; vi < ly thepvobiible result of tlie harvest continue cou'i'i ) 1 | iiij : favourable . In the south portion of theishiml tlie ^^ of wheat , barley , anil outs Initl conuiu . -m : t-il , ami tiw- . ' of the new produce U will spoken of .
The Northern Star. Satukdat, August 30, 1845.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATUKDAT , AUGUST 30 , 1845 .
Untitled Article
« THE NORTHERN STAR . August 30 , 1845 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 30, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1330/page/4/
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