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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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« Anaiwulwar , atleastiawords , - ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , "With all -mho -war with Thought !" " I think I bear a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . "—Btbon . ggrWe suspend for a week the selections from Mr . Mazzbi ' s " Italy , Austria , and the Pope . " Next week we purpose giving Mr . Mazzixi ' s- concluding appeal to England , and to Europe generally : together with some comments of our own . ~ We Lave this week to call the attention of our readers to another subject .
In the last two numbers of Douglas Jtrrold ' s Magazine , there have appeared two articles under the title of " The Englishman in Prussia , " in which the wri ter sets about describing the social , moral , political , and religious state of the people of Prussia . In the first article there was a snort account of the famous " Holy Coat ; " but in this month ' s number the subject is more fully treated of , and the expose of the shameless frauds committed by the priests on the credulous multitude is so astounding , that for the information of our readers we have deemed it right to give it a place in our columns ,
THE HOLT COAT AT TRETES . ( From . Douglas JenoMPs Magazine , for September . ) That the Caliph Haronn Alraschid is really a matter-offact , historical personage , requires a considerable effort for many people seriously to believe , when they call to mind the various extraordinary" circumstances in which he plays so conspicuous apart in the "Arabian flights Entertainments ; " but that Ms name should ever be brought forward as a secure bads whereon to settle a doubtful Question of " authenticity , " could certainly never nave entered the imagination of the majority even of the most courteous ^ readers . Such , however , is the' case ; end ffic " Commander of thefaiflifttl"isthesolesponsor for the genuineness of most of thosesacred Christian relics to which millions of Rhenish Catholics constantly bend the knee with prayer and adoration .
The numerous relics of saints , apostles , martyrs , and ottier holy persons , preserved in the churches of Sbenisb Prussia , stem to be fairly traceable back to the time of Charlemagne , who was crowned Emperor of the West in the year S 00 . The sacred hits of wood , hones and rags , are undoubtedly a thousand years old . So far , they are genuine , —and valuable . They were all collected hj Charlemagne , < l ^ majority rame to Mm airecfly from the hanus of the Caliph Haroun Alraschid . Finding that the devout Emperor set a great value on such things , the friendly and magnanimous caliph took care to supply him with many rare presmts . It is not improbable that Giaffir and 3 fesroar had " standingorders" to procure every extraordinary cariosity of this land that could be heard of , with any likelihood of Us being genuine—or plausible .
The depressed and stupified countenances of the Rhenish peasantry have been in a great measure attributed ( in No . L of this series of papers ) to the influence of gross superstition , as their meagre and unenergetic bodily condition lias been chiefly attributed to their very poor and insufficient . diet . That thase opMoTO laave some goou foundation may be shown by the evidence of the collateral fact , that the peasantry of the north of Germany are a comparatively fine , handsome , able-bodied race ; they are
better fed , and they have none of the gross superstitions to universal in the Rhenish provinces . The established religion of Northern Germany is the Protestant . The political despotism is the same , but not the mental : and , ei the peasantry of all countries are unlikely to trouble their heads with politics , theinfiuenceisnotseeninthe expression of their laces , except as it affects their physical condition . It is the despotism over the soul that strikes the deepest marks in the countenance of the Bhenish peasantry . -
' 'While alluding to the various objects of the superstitious reverence and idolatry of the people inhabiting the lastmentioned province , and before we procead to the deplo rable sequel of the history of the Pilgrimage to the Holy Coatat ^ Trevesjitmaybeas will to give thereaderapasstog glance at a few other relics , now in constant exhibition , in order to show him that the above holy garment is no wonderful exception , or accident of the time , but only a part of a regular system , and that he may see the actual state of intelligence among the working classes at this present day In £ hes 6 most fertile and populous prorinees .
The cathedral of Cologne is quite a museum of sacred relics and remains , monuments and muniments , pictures and painted windows ; and the church on the Kreuzberg , near Bonn ( in the vaults of which lie the mummies of SOlnt score of devout monks ) , has also a very broad marble Staircase , in every step of which relics are enshrined behind a small lattice-work of -wire , and no one is permitted to ascend or descend , except by walking , or rather crawling , upon his knees . Many other places , rich in possessions of this kind , crowd to our recollection , and wonld be likely to confuse any attempt to enter upon a fen- particulars ; hut , fortunately , a little book is within our reach , written in French , and containing an account
of the relics deposited in the cathedral of Aachen ( Abe ) , founded , as was the city itself , by Charlemagne . -The relics of one cathedral have a strong family likeness to those of most others , and a peep at the relics in Aix will be the most appropriate , after what has already heen said of the friendly munificence of Haronn Ahasckid . The title of this little book is sufficiently lengihy and explicit— "Tresor d'Aix-la-Chapelle ; ou , courte Description des Saintes Relumes , qui ont ete xecueillies par le tres-glorieux Empereur Charlemagne , ft ensuiie placees dans la baslliqae de Notre-Dame ( TAis-la-Ciiapelle , Ou elles sont conservees efc exposees imliligneuient tons les sept ans a la veueration des Maes .
It should he observed , by the way , that these " treasures" of Aix-la-Giiapelle do not consist only of those things sent from Arabia "by the Commander of the raitlifn ] , " . but many of them were presents from Greek Mperori ! , the Empress Irene , and from Christians lathe last , who-regarded Charlemagne as their benefactor , he taring forwarded considerable sums of money for the relief of those who suffered under the tyranny of the Saracens in the Holy Land . "Knowing , therefore , " « js the hook before us ,. " his extraordinary piety , and
"is love for all religious objects , they sent , to him from » 51 parts of Palestine , ot the East , from Some , ana Oilier parts of Italy , from Africa , and from Spain , the Qost important relies . These he has distributed and i'laced in different collegiate churches and cathedrals , which he caused to be built , as provad by the letters patent which he granted to there churchei . But he had t particular predilection for the church of Notre-Dame in Air-la-Chapelle , which -was the chapel of bis court , find he enriched it with the most precious relics . " Here tot a Jew of them : —
I . The white robe in which the Holy Virgin was fcttired in the stable at Bethlehem , when she gave birth to the Saviour ; it is of cotton cloth , of about five and a half feet long ; whence ir # may conclude , with Jficephorua and Epipuanius , that the Holy Virgin wot tall of 3 iatuT { , II . The swaddling clothes , which are spoken of in the tilh chapter of St . Luke . They are of a deep yellow colour ; ( d ' undrapjaunejtresfonce ) as coarse as felt , but woven . Hi . The linen upon which St John the Baptist was fiecapitatea , or rather , in which his houy was enveloped « a 4 carried away : Matt . sir . 12 ; Mark Ti . 20 . This lixenisdlwKred triftWoOtf .
The little hook from which , we quote is declared to be PnfcHshea " avec permission des Superienrs / ' and at fte backof the title-pa » e , we read , Tu , et approuvepar *< ms , Aix-la-Chapelle , le 15 Mars . Fonck , Vic . griis . " Row , if it be really true that this was published with Hfll permission , and had been seen ana approved by the Epitaxy Fonck , the supervision must have been very % &t winch could allow the 24 th chapter of Luke to be Wared to , instead of the 2 nd , ( for the 24 th refers to the ? ° « firion- ) and the 20 th verse ofthe 6 th chapter of St . ' ^ k . insteadofiheiSth vers ? . In any case , thissbovrs ** " the compilers thought that anything would do for ""¦^ OTS npperB of these Treasures . There was no need Mbe particular . , **" The linen which was wound round the Saviour on " « cross . The marks of the precious blood ore uisiWe « ir * Btf , i-c .
nTv A rdiqnaire ( shrine for relics ) , which contains : — I'd The point of one ofthe nails with which our Saviour ftti ned npon ae Cross - < - > A Kt of fte wood of W . i L CroSS > n ' " whi ( : h ie "was crucified . ( 3 . ) A f ofSt -Catherine , ( i . ) The great bone of one arm « Charlemagne , ^ tte eIbew to theshoulder . Asnearlj all thex ^ important of the relics co n-« " * a m this ch urch mm deposited there by Charle ^ e we might he tempted at first to imagine that in a J ^ \ t VSlZSm heb ad sent them this great bone * wE ° . T ' itwa ! . however , bsmore rational , on W ^ °£ ? elat 5 on ' totoaaineftet this relic was col-WA r ^ afterhis ^^ " ^ Placedamong the rest ^ e hanas « f som eaevont monks tf * SS ^ I ^« decW *»» * s «»*« wy . * ^ ££ El ? Bapasfc A rib of st <
^ dos " ^ t ^ Z ? goIa ' enrich ed with unpolished stones , spfinVkfl ^ h a pan of tte aat& which was boats r e blooa «* ^ P ^ n ; also a few of his tte nsnaK . 1 ttissnrine the King of the Bomans took JljLi a * Ms coronation . ... - talim ,, . ill e casket ofSoW » enridieawiflijewels , con-Ua acatr v ^ , tte ann cf St 5 in > ° n . Above this casket fl «* edfrniT ^ Contai Wns some oil which miraculously ^ tatt * « t 0 aska 9 uestion . u > a humble tone , teli < : when ° ffidal wn «> was calUng our attention to this eolloqiK h / 5 !! 51181116 chnrch , ne cut short all further tflWnnli ° ServiB S that "it was one of the presents * le amj la ~ r ? ' 3 fia i an 4 was , therefore , of nnauefition-^ any n , , 5 " The caliph-would no doubt have cut a ^ tiTeh ' Slleaaia a xnoment who had attempted to tteW 7 ^ e 1 v tterpart of ae ^ of Charlemagne , from "f elia dbow S " s S" ^ " * learnt ttat ^ " other part" was sentby la i - > ms of Prance , wh o caused it to be enshrined ei
ivi . R W aM ?^ f ijihea ¦ " * & enamels , in which U de-^ wab . sponge with which they gave our l ! iI&eb oiies ^ f « POntllecross ; * tnonlofthenol J " ' 5 .. ^ ofc . 3 Zacharial ! »* a * erof John the Baptist ; ^ ^ BBasrss ?* " ' wmel 2 airof
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The most important relics are only exhibited in public onee during seven years ; the rest are in daily course of display . Chapter it . of the little book quoted , is tuns headed : "Avec quelle devotion on doit visiter et honorer les saintes Hdiques . " It contains a Tariety of prayers , suite * to the different relics which ore exhibited , and to be used on those occasions . We forbear to quote any of them—and , if the truth must he told—out of respect and reverence , even to the superstition . Whatever there may be absurd and derogatory in these adorations , they nevertheless breathe a tone so sincere , so devout , so fall of faith , and often so pathetic , that it is scarcel y possible to read them without emotion . And this is equally the case with regard to many ofthe almost innumerable prayers which have been written for the exhibition of the Holy Coatat Treves . One of them ( we forbear to translate it for the reason just adduced ) thus commences :
Omein Jesus ! Du hochstegottliche Liehe ! entziinde meinHerzmitdem Peuer Deiner heiligen Liebe , aamit ich DichmeinenGottunaufhoriich liebe . O HebevoUer Erloser ! Da Mst . fur uns am Kreuze in den grossten Ltidengestorheu , um unssinen Beweis Deiner Liebe zu gehen . Aher ach , wie wenig wirst Du von uns undankbarenMenschen geliebt , &c . But another passage from one of these ( entitled " Gebetebeider Anschauung deshtiligen Rockes" ) being of a more calmly impassioned and profound character the following translation is offered : — ' "Thy holiest name , Jesus , be my light , when my nerves of sight are broken ; thy holiest name , Jesus , be enthroned in my heart , when mine ears can hear ' no more ; thy holiest name , Jesus , be in my thoughts , when my tongue grows stnt with coming death ; and when , at last , my soul separatesitself from my body , then be thy holiestname , Jesus , my last sigh in this world , and my first word on awaking in eternity . "
It will , however , be readily understood , that while many of these prayers induce a profound feeling of reverence ( to the divine object , —not , of course , to the article in question ) , there are many which shock by their gross ignorance , or induce a feeling of the ludicrous . We have seen some of these prayers and addresses containing such expressions as , "' Holy Coat , help us ! " "Sacred Shirt , envelope our souls i "— " Blessed Frock of our Lord , relieve us of these afflictions ! " < fcc , < fec . The reader being now in lull possession of the materials of superstition so . deeply and extensively operating at this day throughout the populous provinces of Rheimh Prussia , let us proceed to the melancholy sequel and consequences of the Pilgrimage to the Holy Garment at Tieves .
The poor people , by tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands , trooped off to Treves i each according to his means ; some with ample means of sustenance for the time , and conveyance for the journey ; others without sufficient means of any kind , though they had sold all they pessessed in order to go . Many stood in absolute need of assistance by the way there , and far many more could never have got back at all without assistance . As it was , the majority of the poorest returned in a most wretched condition—exhausted , thinj ragged , half-starring , andwithicarce . ashoe to their feet . Yet , for the
most part , they came hack praying aloud as they slowly staggered and crawled along , so much were they sus tained by the fanaticism which possessed them . Many Of the oldest died ; hut they died rejoicing , and their relations and friends felt their grief alleviated when they recollected it was in such a cause 1 How melancholy that all ' this amount of self-devotion , this sacrifice of all outward and perishable things to an internal principle , should be thus misapplied and wasted ! But governments are all alike in their neglect ofthe means they possess of turning the elementary principles of humanity into good .
In saying that many of these poor people sold all they possessed in order to make this Pilgrimage , we mean so literally , and including all they had reserved to support them during the winter . One poor man , who was afflicted with sciatica or lumbago , and could not walk , sold his little field and some other things for thirty dialers , to he taken as far as possible in a cart . He expected to he completely cured , by praying to the holy garment . To his infinite astonishment and misery , and that of all his relations and friends , he returned as ill as he went ! The surprising intelligence having rapidly spread , a shrewdly devout person suggested to . him that perhaps the man who drove the cart might ' not
have been a true Catholic . Inquiry was made . The carter was not a true Catholic of the Church of Home . He was no Catholic at all . The investigation was now carried to the titmost point The man ' s father was a Jew ! As for the man himself , he was . found to be nothing ; but he had Jewish blood in his veins , and this was clearly the reason why the poor sufferer with sciatica had returned without being cured . He called all his remaining energies together , sold whatever remained , borrowed ah * he could of his Tioav relatives , and hiring another cart , with an undoubted Catholic to drive it , performed the Pilgrimage a second time ! Need we say he returned as before ! - —need we record the sad end of this infatuated sufferer ?
The money and provisions which the peasantry had reserved to support them during the winter having been thus wasted , thousands of them were soon reduced to a state of want and deplorable wretchedness . If the last winter was hard and of long duration in England , it was far worse in Germany ; in fact , there were two winters in immediate sequence , or with only two or three days' intervals of sun and thaw , followed by heavy rains . The accumulation ef snow in some of the most frequented throughfares in several cities and towns was so great that when it hardened and settled down into ice , it formed a superstratum of two feet , and in EQtne places three feet , over the pavement . It is the custom not to remove this till the winter is quite over , the composed Germans sagely reasoning that if they clear their doorways or the horse-way before the winter is over , they maj haveto doit a second time ! "When , therefore , there did
at hist come a general and final thaw , all this mass of iced snow was converted into a stream of dirty water , with which the streets flowed from one end to the other , in some places the streets being quite impassable without wading directly through . This was the case in Cologne , in Bonn , and more especially in the villages . At this period the condition of the peasantry was most lamentable . Having expended all their means , and therefore being without money , food , sufficient clothing , or fuel , they were in a state of absolute starvation during the prolonged . frost , and were only saved from death by individual and public subscriptions . What must the fanatics and impostors among the clergy , -who had inflamed the imaginations and passions of the peasantry to undertake that ruinous Pilgrimage—what mustthey , if they thought at all , have thought of themselves and their preaching when they witnessed all this misery which they bad pro duced .
But the worst was yet to come . While the general thaw at the close of the winter was covering the streets ofthe cities and towns with water and slush , it was rapidly at work upon the mountain snows , and the snows en all the hills along the borders of the Rhine , and of the hills beside the rivers in the valleys . A stream of melted snow soon began to flow down , into the Rhine from all the neighbouring heights , and this stream soon swelled to a torrent ; the ice at the same time began to break np at Mainz ( Mayence ) , Bingon , and Cobientz ; and down it all came in huge masses completely covering all the surface of the broad river , floating rapidly onwards , and with the certainty of never stopping till it reached Holland . Day after day , unceasingly , and througout the night , did this flowing down of mountain-streams continue , together with the continuous floating down fhe Rhine of the great flat masses of ice , in one grand and
apparently endless succession . It looked as if the winter palace of Time had been broken np , and was being carried away in his accelerated course toward oblivion . The river began to rise , first a few inches in every twenty-four hours—then a foot every night—then a foot and a half—and it overflowed its banks on all sides ; till one night it was found to have risen nearly three feet , and the alarm bad of course become general . The Rhine had now risen upwards of ten feet , and the country on both sides was under water . All the fields and adjacent villages were under water , and all the streets of the towns that led down to the river . The peasantry were flying in all directions , and as they-retreated to the nearest village , it was soon found necessary for the inhabitants of that village to fly also , thus carrying with them an accumulation of terror and distress and starvation , to the next village , the inhabitants of which hourly expected t » he under the same necessity for flight . .
A few remained whose houses happened tc- be large * than-the rest , andhad a floor above the ground-floor , into which some of the family retreated to stand "the siege . " But the besiegers were too strong , and as the waters rose , the occupants were again obliged to retreat into the next floor above , if their house had another floor ( which only a few in each village generally hare ) and if it had not , they were compelled to escape in boats . Villages which had previously been seen from the opposite side of the river , standing upon green banks or bright gravelly soil , with rows of trees along the banks at the river ' s edge , were now only discoverable by the tops of things—little church spires , roofs , chimneys , top stories , tops of trees , &c : in front all was water , with water all around , and water Beyond . The villages on the other side of the
river , opposite to Bonn , were more especially in this nearly obliterated position , as observed by the inhabitants from the Alte Zoll , from the high , houses , from the high gronnds at the back of the town , and from the top ofthe large gallery of the old windmill in front , which ; during the whole of one Snndaywas thronged with successive crowds of spectators . The remaining inhabitants who were still "holdingbut ? 'irithe'secondfloorsoftheinunaated villages , were supplied with" fdod by boatB from Bonn . It was a common'thing at this time to iee large boats afloat half-way , up two or three of the streets of Bonn , taking in bread from a baker ' s shop . . One of the first of these bread-boats was engaged by some English residents , who rowed away forthwith to the inundated
villages , plying "in and ont" among the roofs and chun-. neys and other " -tops of things " to distribute bread , and raliawin other ways the occupants of upper floors / or other , unromantic Venetian situations . The fanatic clergy who had excited the poor to their ruinous Pilgrimage were by no means equally " prominent " on any of these occasions . . . ... When the inundation was quite gone , the devastation it had committed upon these poor little villages was but too risible;—houses and cottages unroofed , or with the lower part 60 injured that they would not . be safe ' to live in ; and required to be rebuilt ; many cottages completelj " gutted , " or with only the upright poste or piles left standing , and iome had been completely swept away . " will be readily understood that these were cases-of total loss ; the poor people had no "insnranceB , " . nor food , not jnoner , « r place to laj their heads , nor clothes / nor
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implements of trade , craft , or husbandry . They were only saved from death by subscri ptions which were raised throughout the whole of Prussia , the lists beginning with the King ( though ttio subscriptions actually began with the merchants and other private Individuals ) , and immediately folkmd by the nobility , army , merchants , English residents , and , indeed , by the principal inhabitants of all tue cities and towns , according to their several means . ¦ . What must the poor people have thought of such a calamity as this inundation following their recent Tilgrhnage to the Holy Coat ! and what must they have thought of its healing aud preserving properties ; if their minds had been at liberty to think of the matter .
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Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which he bent ; The soil full many a wringing desjst saw , " Who work'd his wantonness in form of law . Byvon . " A people among whom equality reigned , would psssess everything they wasted wliers -they possessed the means of subsistence . Wh y should they pursue additional wealth or territory I No man can cultivate morathan a certain portion of land . "—Godwin . "No one is able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a par ticular possession th ' Sn his neighbour . "—Poky . " There could be no such thing as landed propertj riginall y . Man did not make the envtU , and , though he had a natural right to occupy it , he had r . o ri ght to locate as Ms property in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did the Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . "— Thomas Paine . The land shall not be sold { or ever . —itose . it .
, " There is no . foundation in nature or in natural law Why a Set of words upou parchment should convey the dominion of land . "—Blackstone * "The land or earth , in any country or neighbourhood , with everything in or on the same , or pertaiuing thereto , belongs at all times to the living inhabitants of the said country or neighbourhood in an equal manner . For there is no living but on land and its productions ; consequently , what we cannot live without , we have the same property in as in our lives . " — Thomas Spence . " The land is the people ' s inheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it worn them , held it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . "— . Fearaus O'Connor . "
" Aly reason teaches me that land cannot he sold . The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence ; and so long as they occupy and cultivate it , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle upon it . Nothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried away . " —Stack Kawk < "Every individual possesses , legitimately , the thing which his labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , which his activity has created . " This principle is incontestihle , and itis well to remark that it contains expressly an acknowledgment of the right of all to the soil . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , that it cannot belong to any small portion ' of the human race , who have created it by their activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the' creation , o / the thing possessed . ' —Fourier .
" If man lias a right to light , air , and water , which bo one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the land , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , and crime would disappear with want . "—Mike Walsh . " As the nature and wants of all men are alike , the wants of all must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field , for all exertion , and the raw material of all wealth , the earth , is the common property of all its inhabitants . "—Jij / m Francis Bray . " What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land 1 It is the sdWbarrUr to national prosperity . The people , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance they would then be enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and the world would behold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . " —Author of the "Reproof of . Brutus . "
PROGRESS OF AGEARIANISM IN AMERICA A press of other matter has forced us to forego the insertion of several articles under this head which we had prepared ; and has also caused us to keep back certain information we possessed as to the efforts of our American friends to free the public lands in that country from the jobbers and speculators , by making them really national property . As we have a mass of intelligence before us , relative to their recent proceedings in their agitation for the restoration ofthe land to the people , we think we cannot do better , in recommencing the series of articles on this question , than make known the progress which this greatest of questions has made . We have several copies of Young America and the Albany Freeholder before us . "VVe commence our extracts from the first of these papers .
The National Refobm Association of New York has continued to holl weekly meetings for the promulgation Of its views and objects . It appears that some of tlie mtmbers contemplate emigrating to the public lands at present unoccupied , and there forming free townships , under the auspices of the Association . Other members contemplate a like proceeding in the Oregon territory . Some of the speakers , we perceive , advocate the forming of the Oregon territory into an Independent Republic . The state of Old England forms a fruitful theme for the speakers in illustrating their arguments against land-monopoly and its evils . At one of the meetings the following speechvras delivered by a " son of the ocean , " who , it seems , in the course of his wanderings o'er the "deep , deep , sea , " has touched at ( what might be , and what shall be ) our " right little , tight little , Isand . " Hear him : —
Capt . Xehfxon , of Frankfort , Maine , said—Mr . President , Ladies , and Gentlemen ' : The importance of this cause will be sufficient excuse for its humble advocate . Had I sat still , my heart tvould have been more than eloquent in Its advocacy . I come from ^ the north-eastern part of Maine , from a town once owned chiefly by " proprietors , " and a large portion of which had been granted to Gen . Knoxfor his revolutionary get vices . It was afterwards sold to individuals . There I first breathed the breath of life . - My ancestors bought a settler ' s right ; but in fae language of 8 previous speaker ( Mr . Manning ) who so feelingly described a visit in search of his father ' s homestead , " Yfliae is their rightnow 1 " In place of ploughingmy father ' s field , I have been doomed to plough the ocean . The measure proposed by the National Reformers , as to justness , appears self-evident to every rational mind . I cannot
forbear to ask , in the name of Heaven , how the poor are to enjoy the rights of " life , liberty , tad the pursuit of happineEs , " if capital and avarice are to be allowed to stretch forth their long arms and monopolise the means from which those blessings flow ? ( Cheers . ) The opponents of your great measure claim to be great sticklers for morality : so are we . Do they expect morality where there is great ineguuYity , 1 ! It cannot be . ' A sailor to India , for instance , gets 10 dollars a month , and that is above rather than below the estimate' ! 120 dollars for twelve months' subjection to hardship and intolerance ; for although a ship master myself , I must say that such is the condition of sailors . " Sow , suppose a sailor has a wife ( and a sailor has as good a right to a wife as another man ) , what must be his situation with a family in the port of New York ! When in port , he can only be home
at night , and he has 120 dollars to provide food , clothing , house rent , and fuel , while it is impossible to get decent houseroom alone for 100 dollars ! His children cannot go to school , because their clothing is not fit for them to appear in ; and if that sailor has a daughter , what must be her situation under such circumstances as she grows up , with no prospect but a factory or one place worse ? There is no concealing the fact thatthe oppressed situation of 6 eamen , whether married or compelled by an unjust policy to remain single , is a most fruitful source of crime . But the wealthy are opposed to reform , and so we can't have morality ! Wherever there is most equality , there is most morality . At Cape Cod , where each seaman Owns allOU 8 e ; 'in their' fishing voyages they work and share alike ; and there is a good state of morale , 'and the people are happy and contented . If we appeal to history ,
we shall find that as a people suffer their liberties to be encroached upon immorality and crime prevail in prdpor . tion . In England , where , of a population of thirteen millions , thirty thousand are -allowed to possess all the soil , there are thousands of starving beggars and nun . dreds with their carriages and six and every luxury , I have been there and seen' the ' condition of things , and in many other foreign parts . . In that country it is well known , William of Normandy partitioned the plundered sott' among 700 of his Barons ; and the state of things produced by the perpetuation of that system of plunder will be produced here , and our children wear the yoke of bondage , unless this Association and its auxiliaries be powerful to prevent it . In this there is no mistake . ( Loud applause . ) We are told there must be factories for our surplu * labour : But look at the factory at
system in Manchester and Leeds . See the sickly girl her incesBant toil , the breezes of heaven never allowed to fan , her feverish ^ row , and BaUandpotatoeBfor aet sc&ats meal . Is this the refuge of our surplus labour ! ¦ It makes one ' s blood boil to think of it . Goto Rhode Island . There we see how loth men are to part with illgotten power , " The time is now to effect . a reform , while we have the ballot ana " can effect it without bloodshed . ( Cheers . ) But if things should go on in the same train , no change can be effected without a resort to . physical force . This is clear enough . ; ( Applausei ) We find herealreadyj an aristocracy looking down upon the producers of wealth as the " lower . classes , " a , phrase , I abominate ! Is not a working man as high in statue as a broker in Wall-street ? When the clash of arms was heard , im&musde was required , who , then ; sustained the struggle ? I have been astonished at the lukewarmness
with which men will sustain fourteen or fifteen hours' daily toil ; hut i have come to th $ conclusion tfcaV . ibEJ ' aTe not yet sufficiently enlightened . < let us arouse , the press , and you might as well attempt to chain th « Atlantic Wave as to attempt to stay the progress of this reform . ' ( Applause . ) This is my first appearance in a meeting of this description , ; -I met with ; one of your' paperfi / read every word of it , and . was delighted to find SO much in accordance with' my own BentimentS , rorone , ;! have determined to do all in my power to advance this cause ; ( Loud cheers . ) Being master of a vessel , T cannbt be much on chore , but I am determined to'take your pledge and lecture upon it irnny native State .. ( Great applause . ) Though her mountains are . long covered with . agnowy mantle , and her springs congealed in icej yet the warm gus h of human affection flows in many-a-noble heart , whoise possessors will put their shoulders to the whepl
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SreSSe ^ « % h ° t . Captai , i Ksmmon t _ we wiah our galiant British tavs puld takealeafout of your log , - there is much need of it . ' ° i , Th 5 f La , IJcl movement in tliis countrv has attracted the attention of the American Reformers . At one ol the association meetings Mr . Evans read , from the Northern Star , an account of the proceedings of the , Radicals or National Reformers OI England , With a view of reclaiming th » right to the soil of itfiieli the people of that nation have been so barbarously plundered . The Chartist or National Reform party , he said , had till recently been contending for the right of suffrage , without looking to a much more important use of that riglit than to reduce the tnxes ; but now , , that they have discovered that by it they might restore a fundamental natural right , he anticipated that we should soon hear of a rapid increase of the Chartist party .
Mr . Bovay then said he had purposely avoided speaking of the great measure of the age ; but it had been incidentall y discussed by the reading of the highly interesting proceedings of our brethren across the water . Tli 09 e proceedings were sure harbingers of brighter days for the toilers of England , and Of the world . He sometimes desponded , under the apathy of the people to their true interests ; and when he did so he spoke what he felt , as he should do on all occasions . He would rather die for the truth than live for error . ( Great applause ) m In Young America of June Yth , we find the
follow-Aationai Reform isi Engiasd . —By the recent numbers of this paper , it has been seen that the trades of England , in National Convention assembled , have decided that it is to ihe land they must look for effectuul relief . Since the National Convention of the Trades , the Chartists , too , have held a National Convention , and they also have decided that the land is the natural ' refuge for the surplus labour which is continually depressing the ' useful classes . Other bodies have adopted the " same rational view of-the case ; and the best means of regaining their right to the soil is fast becoming the absorbing topic of the millions of England . That best of all papers , thi ' London ' Northern Star , the proprietor of which is himself a practical agriculturist , teems with interesting infovmationon this subject , which cannot for want of room be transferred to our columns . The following petition for a partial restoration of the soil , was adopted , on the 5 th of May , "' at a large public meeting at the South London
Chartist Hall , Bl . tekfriar ' s-rond . Here follows the petition which has already appeared in our columns . In the same paper of June 28 th , there are the following editorial remarks . The strictures on the press apply just as truly to the journals ef this country as to those ofthe States ;—Free Soil Movement in England . —Two things 1 am in difficulty about . The first is , as te the meaus of informing ; the people of this country of what is going on in England towards a recovery of the soil of England by the people ; the second , how to convince thinking men that their efforts are to be successful , and that at no distant day . And yet , feeling as sure that this glorious result is approaching , as did Columbus ofthe existence of this continent when ho'saw the signs , of land on the ocean , I know it is my duty to do what 1 can to impart the information before me and inspire the belief I enter , tain .
In the first place , this sheet is not large enough , were it all devoted to the subject , to give an account of the movements of the English mechanics and operatives having special reference to the recovery of the soil . In the next place , would it be believed , that a movement of this nature , adopted by two National Conventions representing nearly all the working classes in England , and followed by local bodies of trades ; will it be believed that only one paper of general circulation in England records or even notices this greatest movement of modern times , and that not one paper in this country to which the people are accustomed to look for foreign news , even mentions it ! Yet such is the fact .
Oa the arrival of every steamer , 6 ur people are entertained with all the twaddle and puerilities of the courts ; how Mr . Such-a-one , who represents thia Republic at a salary of G 000 dollars ( which is not half enough for him ) was presented to the monarch ; what an "interesting " situation the king-breeders are in ; what is said and done , and what is not said and done , about Oregon , Texas , and California : all this , and much more of a like important kind , is duly recorded and scattered over the country by our faithful press , with all imaginable speed , because these are the things that concern the Thirty Thousand who hold the stolen land of England ; but not a word about the movement of the Thirteen Millions to recover the possession of their property ! This is news with ¦ wh ich the toiling millions of America ( whose land is fast sliding from under their feet ) have no business , is it ? We shall see .
In an early number of this paper , I have said , and have repeated it subsequently , that the people of England only needed to be informed , first , that there is an abundance of land in England to furnish a much larger population than the present , every soul of them , with the necessaries and comforts of life , and next , that they had a right to the land equally ( a thing not dreamed of by the mass of them ); that they needed only to be informed of this , and united upon it as the people of Ireland are united on the comparatively trifling question of llepeal , and the right they would have . "When I first said this , with a . full confidence that the people would be so informed , and would obtain their right , had I been asked how much progress the cause was likely to make up to this point of time , I should not have said the half of what it actually has made . Through the indefa < igable and patriotic exertion 3 of one man , Feargus O'Connor , with the uest pater in the world ( the Northern Star ) , and a member of Parliament ( Mr . Duncombe ) at his back , the working classes are now organising and perfecting their organisation for a recovery of the soil .
I am compelled to break off for want of room ; but next week shall devote a large portion of this paper to the information which bo intimately concerns the people of this Country , but of which our city presses think it necessary to keep them in tetal ignorance . In accordance with the above promise , we find in the next number of Young America , three letters ( copied from this paper ) , addressed by Mr . Feargus O'Connor to "the working classes" and "trades " of England . The Editor makes the following commentary on Mr . O'Connor ' s letters : — TlE LiND . —In to-day ' s paper will be founa three letter * of the proprietor of theAVf hern Star , taken from the three last received numbers of that paper , which will show in part the progress ofthe free soil movement in England . I shall'hereafter endeavour to give an idea of the
movements of the trades on this momentous subject , which , apparently , the " mnchine presses" of thia country have resolved tO keep in the dark . . The trades throughout England are forming Land Associations , in accordance with the recommendation of their National Convention , which decided that a location of the surplus labour on the land is better policy than strikos . In consequence of this motement . the Park-holders , beginning to see ahead , arc condescending to play cricket with mechanics and country clowns , and lords are even holding meetings to get up Public Baths for the people 1 But the cricketing aud condescension come * too late . These things are very well in their place , as far as they go ; hat they are no substitute for the natural right to an inalienable freehold which the people have found out is theirs during the thirty or forty years' existence which ceaturioa of oppression has left to them I
By perusing Mr . O'Connor's letters our readers will see the policy of the English working men under the difficulties which surround them , and may derive a useful lesson to spur them to action before difficulties here thiclien about them to the same' extent . Tn one respect We are WOl'Se off than they . The extent of our . country is fiiich that even now the expense of getting to the land not monopolised places it out of the reach of those who are compelled to live from' hand to mouth , and the difficulty is fast Increasing . The land is gradually receding from all but the capitalists . ' It costs moire even now to get from ; the seaboard to our public lands than to get from Europe to this country I And if the further sale of these lands were permitted ; our farmers and mechanics must gradually hi come-worse off till starvation stares every one of them in the face .
Mr . O'Connor tells the English working men some plain truths respecting their ' -want of union while their enemiesare ' firmly banded together , which maybe read with much profit on this side of the water . ' There they have many other difficulties to contend against ; but here this want of union is almost the only one . The trades of this city , and the useful classes tluoughdut the country , have full power to prevent the election of any man who is not pledged to the principle of a free Boil , and they cannot much longer remain blind to this fact , There is reason to believe that the republication of our proceedings in England has inspirited our brethren there in their movement , and I have no doubt that the reaction
will be reciprocal , let it ever be borne in mind that the interests of the landless on both sides of tne water ave closely connected , and that their opponets are Land Monopolists wherever found . The progress of Agrarian principles in America is evidenced by the mee tings held in different parts of the union in ; favour of the principles of the Reform Association ; by the movement amongst the trades , several of whom have adopted the' principles of the Agrarians , or given evidehcelthat the time of adopting those prmeiples cannot be far off ; and lastly , by the establishment of new papers in support of Agrafianism , or the conversion of old papers toifcrprinciples . ; .. ; . . ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ . .., ' . . ;; <¦ . . . . . . .
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Abeknethy ' 8 Pile Ointment . —One of the greatest legacies bequeathed to human kind , by the immorta Aberiiethy , was , no doubt , his wpnderfuldiscovery for the infallible . cure of that mostloathspme andpauiful disease—the piles . The . proprietor bfthis valuable remedy , though under , the treatment of aereral doctors , suffered intensel yfor many years . with the pilea and occasional bearings-down , "yet was nothing better , but rather grew worse /' tmtil he applied to that eminent surgeon Mr . Abernethy . 'whoseprescription completelv cured . him , and has since proved its powers to heal in thousands of eases of pilel . fistula , **\; f ^ ft ™^ pp ^ m ; a ^/« iow > uii unwilling to . acknowledge - the virtues of any medicine not prepared by themselves , are now unanimous in recommending " The . Pile Ointment ^ " as piepWeS . ^ ih e' < m |^ ^ m ^ ytifit-depiirteaw 5 hder ot thea&e / Mr- 'Abernethy ;' ' Soldincovered pWat 48 . 6 d . by all respectable chemists , anddealewinpa tent wedicines , lnjeyery market : town throughout the united kingdom ; ¦ :
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BANKRUPTS . ( From Friday ' s Gazelle , September Uh , im . ) Samuel Cullum , Bigmcre , late of IlaveHIl , Suffolk , straw plait manufacturer-Robert Starbuck , Gravesend , ship , wnght-William Menzies , Gloucester , draper-Rowland 1 any , Bangor , Carnarvonshire , flour-dealer-Josenh Dalton , Joseph Burn , and Robert Turpin , Newcastle-upon-Tjne earthenwa re-nianufacturers-Bichard J [ aver , Longton , Stoke-upon-Trent , dealer in ale .
. BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette , Sept . 9 , 1845 . J Stephen Navies , of SomerseUvbarf , Bankside , Southwavk , and of Time's-wharf , Wilton-road , Kmlleo coal merchant—Frederick - Ward , late of Eosomond-Street , Olerkenwell , oilman .-Jol . n Savage , of O 1 H ComptoiK street , hoho-square , victualler . —George Cox , Plymouth victualler .-James Ramsdcn , sen ., Armley , loeds , clotli manufacturer and worsted spinner .
dividends . James Southern , of Birmingham , grocer , second and inal dividend of 5 Jd in the pound , payable at 27 . Wiiterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 6 Tliomas Lakin , of Nottingham , cabinet-maker , second and final dividend of ljd in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 6 . Nathaniel Neal Soll y and Richard Solly , of Tividale , Staffordshire , ironmasters , second and finnl dividend of 6 d and l-28 th of a penny in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October G . Thomas Izon , of Handsworth , Staftbrdshire , merchant nnal dividend of 5-fiths of a penny in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October G . J Thomas Morris and 'William Woodward , of Buvslcm Staffordshire , drapers , first dividend of 12 s 6 d ill tllG pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 6 .
John Lamb and Thomas Iamb , of Kidderminster , engineers , first dividend of 2 s fid in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 6 . . Edward Robinson , of Wolverhampton , grocer , first dividend , of 3 s , in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloostreet , Birmingham , any Thursday after October C . Thomas Hall , of Great Ashby , Leicestershire , butcher , first dividend of 4 s 9 d in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October C .
DIVIDEND TO BE DECLARED . At the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Barnard Benjamin Owen and Bernard George Owen , of Pall-mall , tailors , October 2 , at half-past twelve—George Nettleton , of Brompton , Kent , tailor , October 2 , at one-Thomas Kewell Gorbell , of Bedford-place , Commercialroad , bookseller , October 2 , at twelve—John Stammer , of 17 , Charles-street , Grosvenor-square , brush dealer , October 2 . at half-past eleven—William Hill aud William Kemble Wackerbath , of Leadonliall-street , City , sliiji agents , October 2 , at a quarter-past two—Richard Blunden , of Alton , Hampshire , plumber , October 2 , at eleven .
1 M THE COUNTBY , Nathaniel Phillips , of Haverfordwest , banker , October 10 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol-Thomas Rccs , of Liverpool , hrewer , October . 7 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—John Scott , of Birmingham , gun maker , October 10 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Convad navevkam Greenhow ,, of Iforth Shields , ship broker , October 2 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyhc—Thomas' Revely , jun ., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , plumber , October 2 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , fewcastle-upon-Tyne—Robert Currie , of JSewcastle-upon-Tyne , bookseller , October 2 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Neweastle-upon-Tyne — John Lambert , of New Elvet , grocer , October 2 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Thomaa Wright , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , ship broker , October 2 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne— John Stainthorpe , of Hexham , Northumberland , common brewer , October 2 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , Cebtihcates to be granted , unless cause be shown to th « contraryonthedayofmeetinir . .
Henry Wood , of 21 , Abchureh-lane , andFarnham-street , Gravel-lane , Southwark , general agent , October 2 — William Matthews , of 42 , Lisson-grovc North , Marvlebone , pianoforte maker , October 2—Thomas Powell , of AUeiton By water , and late of Castleford , Yorkshire , brickmaker , October 3—Thomas Russell Crcigh , of Nowcastle-upon-Tyne , cartwright , October 2—WilHam Richard Carseaden , of York , hosier , September 30—Manning Allen , of St . Helen ' s , Lancashire , butcher , September 30—Henry James Witchell , of Carnarvon , bookseller , September 30—Joseph Spencer , jun ., of Liverpool , builder , October 1—George Laurie , of Fleetwoodupon-Wyre , Lancashire , chemist , October 1—John Aldcroft , of Longsight , Lancashire , victualler , October 2 . . ^ 11 ' ... r X Certihcates to be granted by the Court of Reviaw , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or befove Sept . 30 . Thomas Clarkson , jun ., of 10 a , Charles-street , Middlesex Hospital , upholsterer's warehouseman—Joseph Lewis , of Birmingham , card manufacturer—William M'Alpine , of Liverpool , tailor—Frederick Lindsay Cole , of 101 , Fenchurch-strcet , City , wiue merchant—John Cummins , of Weymouth , Dorsetshire , bookseller—John Fuvnivali pf Kettering , Northamptonshire , eorndealer .
PAETNERSniPS DISSOLVED . John Lloyd and Richard Knight Parker , of Lower Homerton , Hackney , builders—James Holbeck and John JennenB , of 21 , Princes-street , Hanover-square , gold lncemen—Richard Figg Hews and George Hews , of Storrington , Sussex , tailors—Thomas Martin Ilden Tilby and George Robert Clover , of Liverpool , metal merchants—William Yf alker , surgeon , and Henry Walker , chemist , of 58 and 59 , St . John-street , Clerkenwell—Mary Hodgson and Anne Jane Hodgson , of Liverpool , boot and shoemakers—William Haimes and Thomas Haimes , of Melbourne , Derbyshire , lace-glove manufacturers-Charles haircloth and Abraham Amstrone . of Lad-lane . Citv .
accountants—Hugh Kenned y and James Kennedy , of Tauntoni drapers—John Webster and Thomas Staley , of stockport , grocers—Hobert Johustone , Webster Flockton , and James Williamson Brooke , owners of a patent for the manufacturing of lamps for the combustion ofnaptha ; &c . —William Wilson Hyde , John Hugall Dutchman , and Charles Johnson , of Hull , auctioneers—Thomas Smith , Charles JameB Coates , and Benjajain Bell , of 11 , Waterlane , Great Tower-street , City , ship and insurance brokers ( so fat ? as regards Charles James Coates)—David Duckett and Henry Palmer , of Brighton , linendrapers—Joseph Henderson ; sen ., and Joseph Henderson , jun ., of Taunton , mercers—Peter Pearce and William Chater , of Haverhill , Suffolk , grocers .
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Manchester- Corn Maiibet ; Saturday , Sept . 6 . — The weather since our last report , though at times cold and gloomy ; , has continued of a favourable character for securing the harvest , which we hear on all hands is now making rapid progress . The trade during the week has consequently remained in the same inanimate state as previously noted , and the general tendency of prices was towards a further decline . At our market this morning the transactions in wheat were on an exceedingly limited scale . Irish migtittave been purchased at an Abatement of 2 d . to 3 d . per . fOIbs ., and other sorts barely supported the currency of this day se ' nhight . Flour likewise
moved off very slowly , the few sales effected being at a reduction of Is . per sack . Oats receded in value id . to 2 d . per 45 fts ., and oatmeal Is , per load , with but little demand for either article . New oatmeal broughfr 29 s . to 29 s . 6 d . per 240 M . 1 Leeds Corn Market , ' Tuesday , September 9 . — With moderate arrivals to-day the trade is firm for wheat , but the demand still . continues . exceedingly limited , from , ^ ae , difRculty the millers experience in moving ' their . ' stocks of flour . The supply of oats is small ; and they are held for higher , prices . Beans and peas are also scarce and fully as dear . In the value of barley or other articles no alteration . The weather continues as fine as could be wished .
; Leeds Ci . oth Markets . —The trade in the cloth marked since the late . change in the weather , continues in a' prosperous state , business being good both at 'the 'Cloth Halls and . the warehouses—manufacturer ^ are -well employed . ¦ . ' Yon&CoBsMABKET , Sept . 6 . —The weather being remarkably fine for harvest operations , and our farmers ' being all' ; ieneaged ; we ' - "have but a very few samples , of grain" offering . Tv * e experience a very firm trade' for wheat-at a declihe . of Is . to 2 s . per Quarter '; other articles without any' material alteration . ; " ' '
' Richmond' Corn Market , Sipr . " 6 . —The weather h ' aa been very favourable this , week , and our market to- day fias been toleraWy supplied , with grain . TTheat sold from fc ;\ to 8 s . - ' Oats 3 s . to' 4 s .. Barley is . to 4 s . 3 d . '! Bean 8 5 s . 'to 6 s ; 6 d , per bushel .
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Liverpool Cork Market ,. Monday ; September& — . We have this week a fair arrival of . oats , Homy and oatmeal from Ireland ,, but of wheat it , is very small . The chief import froni abroad is of Canadian flour , of which we have had 14 , 854 barrels . The duty on foreign wheat has declined to 17 s . per quarter , and on flour to 10 s . 2 | d . per barrel ; that . on ; beans has fallen to Is . Cd . per quarter . With exceedingly fine weather the whole of the past week , a considerable portion of the grain'in this district has been cut , and sonic quantity carried , in better order and condition than was anticipated . The reports from tlic southern counties , however , speak less favourable of the
yield and quality of tho now wheat , and though wehave had no particular animation in our market , tho trade has assumed a decidedly better tone . Several parcels o £ Irish wheat and Canadian flour have been taken for investment during the week , atfully Tuosuay ' sprices . No transactions have occurred in bonded . The demand for oats and oatmeal has been circumscribed , and prices have adoivnward tendency . The decliue of duty ou foreign bcaus to within Cd . per qr . of the lowest point , has thrown some quantity of Egyptian on the free market , and they are offered at 33 s . to 33 s . Cd . per -iSOit . 3 . Peas , barley , and Indian corn have had a moderately fair sale for feeding purposes , and are without alteration In value .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Septembers . —The supply of cattle at . market to-day ' , has ten rather smaller than last week . The greatest portion of second-rate quality—any tiling good eagerly sought after , and sold at nigh prices . Beet' 5 * d . to 6 d ., mutton Od . to 7 d ., lamb Old . to 7 d . perlb . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the 1 st to theSthof September : —cows , 3000 ; calves , 27 ; sheep , 10 , 328 ; lambs , 3 G 37 ; pigs , 4509 ; horses , 30 . Maltojt Corn Market , Sept . 0 . —Wo have-Tory . , thin attendance at market to-day , and only a little grain' offering of any description ; wheat was sold rather below last Aveek ' s rates ; ¦ in oats we make no alteration ; barley nominal . Wheat , red , 52 s to 58 s ; white ditto , 56 s to Gls per quarter of forty stones ; oats , lOJd to lljd per Stone .
Losdok Cons Exchange , Monday , Sept . S . — Throughout the whole of last week there were regular supplies of nearly all sorts of grain , consisting , however , principally of English and Foreign , with but little of either Scotch or Irish . Altogether the supply of Foreign wheat was Jarge , about a fourth of Which was from Dantzic , and-11 , 000 quarters from Stettin . With flour the market continues to be but moderately supplied , home manu / acture constituting the sole arrival . On the several market days a fair amount of business was transacted , wheat realising fully Monday ' s quotations , and other grain also niakiMg finn rates . Advices iron ) all parts continuo to speak of the favourable progression of the harvest , and tlie weather having Been uninterruptedly fine enabled the farmers to use all practicable diligence for securing their crops . At present no fair estimate can be formed of which are the favoured districts , but that the wheat does come down verv various in
its quality , as also in heaviness , is now an ascertained fact , and which must teml , although perhaps at a distant period , to exercise an influence over quotations . The crops of barley and oats , particularly the former , are generally throughout the country abundant , and prices mustrule low for these grains during the greater part of tho coming year . Beans are not well spoken of , and peas of all sorts are but a small and unsatisfactory yield . This morning there was a fair supply of wheat fresh up from Essex and Suffolk , but not mueli from Kent , and prices have ranged firm at the rates of this day week , and in some instances a trifling advance has been obtained . Barley commands a steady sale for immediate wants , at steady rates . The oat trade is fully as good for all sorts , aud there has been a fair- country demand . Beans and peas the same as last week . There was a fair arrival of mustard , but not much other seeds at market , which was taken off at tho prices of this day week—quality various .
CUIUtENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUAltTER . —British . b b 8 Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 46 50 White 50 69 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 49 55 Ditto 5 G 58 Northum . and Scotch white 49 06 Fine < 50 67 MsUredold 0 0 Red i 8 51 White 52 56 Rye Old ¦ . 2 D 32 Kew 29 30 Brank 34 38 Barley Grinding .. 26 27 Distil . 28 30 Malt . 31 83 Malt Brown .... 52 54 Pale 55 59 Ware 60 62 Beans Ticks old & now 37 38 Harrow 38 40 Pigeon 41 42 Peas Grey 35 38 Maple 37 38 White 38 4 a Oats Lincolns & Yorkshire Teed 22 24 Poland 24 26 Scotch Angus 23 , 25 l ' otato 20 28 Irish . . . , "White 20 23 "' Mack 20 22 Per 2801 b . net . s s I Per 280 lb . net . s Town-made Flour ... 51 53 | Norfolk & Stockton 3 G 38 Essex and Kent . ... 38 42 I Irish . 37 39
Free . Boud . Foreign . s s s s Wheat , Dantsic , Kuniysburg , &a 59 G 3 42 46 Murks , Mecklenburg ..... ; .. 5 G 58 32 36 . Danish , llolstein , and Frieslandred 48 S 2 28 31 Russian , Hard 48 52 Soft i . . 48 52 28 30 Italian , Red . ' . 50 52 White . . . 5 i 56 32 29 Spanish , Hard . 50 52 Soft 52 52 31 35 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Ondvied . . 25 30 22 34 Bavley , Grinding . 24 28 Malting . . 28 30 19 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 36 Egyptiau . 34 35 28 24 Peas , White . . 37 38 Slaple . . 36 37 28 32 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick ....... 23 25 20 30 Russian feed 20 22 14 22 Danish , Friesland feed 20 22 14 18 Flour , perbarrel 28 30 21 27 AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , ivliich regulate the Duties from the 4 th to the 10 th of September .
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London Smtiifielt ) Cattle Mamlet , Mosdat , Sept . 8 . —The imports of Continental cattle during last week have been heavy , particularly of sheep , of which the number , according to one ot the ofluaal returns , exceeds 1 , 000 head . The returns in full are respectively—UQ head of oxen , W cows , 631 sheep 11 lambs , 39 calves , and two goats ; and 317 head of oxen and cows , 1 , 107 sheep , 41 calves , and two goats . The following statement of the imports of Foreign cattle for the present year , as made up and corrected to List Saturday week , is taken from an official
S 0 UrCe :- Oxen Sheep and and Cows . Lambs . London - - from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1 « 5 5 , 014 2 , 314 Liverpool - from Jan . 1 to Aug . 39 , 1845 10 2 Hull - - - from Jau . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1845 2 , 982 450 Southpamton from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1 S 45 23 — The tone of trade at Smithfield this morning was much the same as that of last Monday . Business , without being particularly dull , was not what it latterly has been , and prices , though in most cases higher than at corresponding periods for several years past , not so high as they have been . The stock of sheep is now , of course , greatly increased by the lambs of this year j and , consequently , less scarcity IS telv iOI a continued supply of mutton . This may be assigned aa one reason of the decline in the rates for sheep . The number of sheep and lambs in the market
today , though not by about 1 , 000 equal to last Monday s return , was still larger than the average supply ior some months . Of beasts there was also a plentiful number in the market , and of calves and pigs about an average number . The beef trade was , if anything , a shade lower than on this day se ' nmght , as the best Scots made but is . per stone , -which is 2 d . lower oft that day . For middling and inferior qualities , however , no change occurred . The aupply comprised 3 dOOheadof about an average condition . The number of sheep returned as toll paid was 27 , 480 ; tho sale of which was much the same as last week . Prices remained unaltered at the decline which took place on last Monday , and a clearance was not effected . Prime'Downs , made 4 s . 10 d ., and polled ewes 3 s . 8 d ., which are ! the ' highest and lowest prices of the day . Veal sold steadily at from 4 s . to 5 s . ' The better quality of lamb and pork made 2 d . per stone more than lastMonday , but otherwise prices werejunaltered .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . a . a . < 3 . Inferior coarse heagts . . . 9 c 8 v Second quality ' . . . . 3 0 3 6 Prime large oxen . , , . 3 6 4 0 Prime Scots , iic . . . . . 3 10 4 . 0 Coarse inferior sheep . . . 3 2 3 6 Second . quality . .... . 3 ' 8 4 2 Primecoarsewoqlled ' .. . . 4 4 4 6 Prime Southdown . . 4 8 5 0 Lambs , -,- ' ¦ , " , ' , , , 4 4 5 6-Large coarse calves . ' , , . 3 6 4 2 : Prime small : ' . ' . . . : . .. 444 , 8 Suckling ealves , each : . ¦ . . 18 0 30 0 largehogg . . , ., . . . 8 0 8 ' & Neat small porkers , . , 8 10 * 4 4 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 9
, HEJJ& . Of . ClTTI& . GH fllH . ,. ... .... ( Prom the Books ofthe Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 3 , 271-Sheep and Lambs ,. 33 , 700—Calves , 14 C-4 Pigs , 410 , -
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Wheat Barley Oati . j Kye , Beans Peas . TVeek ending s d - s d s d - s d s d s d « July 26 , 1845 .. 51 7 29 2 22 5 31 7 40 3 38 10 Week ending . Aug . 2 , 1845 .. 53 3 20 8 22 5 34 6 40 5 41 0 Week ending Aug . 9 , 18 * 5 .. 55 S 29 7 22 8 83 10 41 0 39 0 Week ending ^ . Aug . 1 G , 1843 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 3 i 4 41 2 39 T Week ending Aug . 23 , 1845 .. 57 0 29 9 22 8 33 4 41 8 38 11 Week ending Aug . 30 , 1845 .. 56 G 30 0 22 4 35 7 42 1 38 i Aggregate average of the last . six weeks .. 55 1 29 7 22 6 3310 41 1 39 3 London averages ( ending Aug . 2 « , 1845 ) 60 0 30 5 22 C 34 9 4111 40 3 Duties .. .. 17 0 90 60 9 G 16 36
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IwroBis fflou August 31 to September 7 , inclusive . ENGLISH SCOTCH , XBISII . FOREIGN TOTAI .. Wheat .. .. 11 , 647 50 0 3 , 861 15 , 558 Barloy .. .. 76 0 1 , 625 1 , 350 3 , 051 Oats .. .. 14 0 20 , 031 11 , 931 31 , 979 Rye .... 0 o o o 0 Beans .. .. 304 0 0 0 304 l'cas .. .. 358 0 0 5 8 «»¦ Malt .. .. 3 , 3 i 9 0 1 « 0 3 , 553 Tares .... o 0 0 0 0 linseed .. 0 0 Cd 1 > S 55 1 , 903 Rapeseed .. 20 0 0 27 47 Plour , sacks 5 , 540 O 1 «> » 5 , 640 Ditto hrls . .. . O 0 0 0 V
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Stiukbon ihe North British Railway . —On Monday morning last , nearly five hundred men in the Cockburnsnatb . district , . . who have recoiyed irom ' Us . to' Mis . per . week , struck for an advance of wages to 20 s ., Tim demand being refused , the men proceeded along tlie line ' towards Benvic-k , and compelled every man ivbbn ^ they met to ' ston his work ami join them . Where their commands were not ' promptly complied with , the niob ' carried them into oifeet uy ' tbrce , and ; in consequence , the movement was joined bv a groat number of men along ' the line . About 1 * 400 men altogether struck work—an alarming state ofjthings certainly , when we consider that neither in this town nor within twenty miles is there any adequate military or civil force . About 400 of the men remained at Ay ton , and several hundreds at other places . On
Wednesday morning a number of thomon assembled at the hiring place for shearers , but would not allow them to be hired except on their terms . The wages offered ^ by the farmers were Is . Sd . per day , but tho " navies"' insisted that they should receive 3 s ., or they should not be hired at all . The magistrates , we nnderstand , having taken into consideration tlie defenceless state of tho town , and the facility with which such a body of men might commit any outrage , have resolved to make an application for a detachin ? nfc of military to be stationed at Berwick . On Wednesday a . few of the men returned to their wovk on Mr . Dodds ' s contract , and on Thursday rooming thegreater number of Mr , Evajia ' s men also returned , lhey have not received any advance of wages . —Berwick Warder .
m Hollowat ' s Ointment and Pills . —Dreadful swellings m the whole body , accompanied with a loathsome skin disease , and their wonderful cure . —A child , five years of age , named Jones , whose parents ivc . at No . 4 , Ilorse-shoe-alley , Wilson-street , Finsbcry ,-: London ; , was , from tlie age of sixteen months , tearfully swollen in body , and covered with large soves . His face was frequently quite black like that of a black child ' s . He had ' been taken to all the hospitals , and most of the surgeons of eminence , but met with no relief . He has , however , just been radically cured by the means of the above invaluable medicines .
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Sefpember 13 , < 184 & . ^ , > THE , Npil ; TH < ER ^ rSTAR : ' 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1332/page/7/
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