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agimtltuit attii Sorttniitmre *
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ADDRESS OF THE POOR'S PROTECTING SOCIETY TO THE INHABITANTS OF PAISLEY, AND SCOTLAND GENERALLY.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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"" _\ Ve learn that the cowers The Coluebs . about again to turn out for SouihSwffo ^ ^ ^;^ The coai ^ m ^ another advances oi ^^ tuinCoal men 3 s . 6 d . per B 0 W rt'ceive : is . ° - toutt 0 demand ariseof 6 u . a day . *****? SJSalent toanadditono os . aton IntUe —fact « s . _ Mr . Jolm Ske ] ton Usin * J " " *^ to the above body ) delivered ( the m ««* £ ^ ncr 0 u 3 and respectable assemblage an address to a nuu ftutfaeuiuiii . St . Martin ' sb the la ^ X cvemng , October 19 th , on the obkne . on «» J bfStoSed by the United Trades jects sought to ^ unanimously called to the ilr . Jonas watnaui ^ ^ ; nJroduced the le ? turerj chair , ana iu coucise history of the rise and ^ no gavca clcaj a ^ oc . ) n rf United Trades ; .. progress ol ««^ , , on tw 0 « great facts " -first , and said ll ™ classCs do not receive " a fair day ' s that tlic ™ g . % fs Work ; " , secondly , that for ¦ wage lor a ^ r ^ ^ g ^ om ^ to obtain this have , some yean ! ¦ unsuccessful , lie regretted
wU . ;; ..- apathy of the wealth producers to ae ^ interest , yet the vast number represented %° HuSww . and th . great ability with ifftaMfc matters was there dkcussed , showed prowiiit . " Conference had come to the conclusion g 1 % ! f * , i . old method of Trades proeeedure was worn f ,, « 1 that a change was necessary . The great ftS £ -hatshouU tbd cha ^ e be ? Uc bei " j tliev all agreed that some change was neceiiJC ( U Jar , hear- ) Strikes on the system of indi-^ V * ] Ti-ulis had long been tried , and found want-• , ALr , hear . ) Tllus ' in the W ^ 18 . ' niton 6 ; . iuuers were engaged in a -strike which cost i *> 4 yu" and ended iu failure , the Spinners being " ~~ ' j j jo return to work at a reduction of wages .
toim i « ^ » Ilicy we . rc slmiiIU " iy engaged , at a cost of € 226 I 000 , with similar results . The Trades of U-uiriiisK-r , Glasgow , Bradford , the Potteries , Northuuibcriauu , and Durham had , in the course of a few veans l ient n 0 ^ than three millions of money hi a similar mode of warfare—with what results the present condition of the workers but too well and too laiallv attated . ( ilear , hear . ) Well , then , the As-Kodaiwu he had the honour toserve , had come to the conclusion that individual Trade strikes were futile ; and that , if anything was to he done to arrest and < iay the agrcssions of capital , it must be by a united effort , aud that each trade must combine for tbe good of all —( dicers ); thus briugiug numbers , wealth , and iiitelfceuce to bear at a j ; lven point against the
machinations of thetyraunical employer . ( Loud cheers . ] Their second grand point was , the " employment of Jaipur iu agriculture and manufactures , " thus doing what lie conceived was of all things essential—viz ., drawing the surplus labour out of the market , and employing it ou the laud for their own advantagealso emplovinjj other portions of their surplus hands in erecting buildings , factories , houses , &c , for themselves to work in , and produce wealth for their own profit without the intervention of an employer , and thus ultimately abolishiug the middle class altogether . ( Loud dicers . ) But it might be asked , how was this to be done ! how cou ' . d the fund he raised for such a purpose ? Tie Association had projected a joint < ock company ; one of their rules run as follows : —
" 5 \ iar » s : The shares of the Association shall be £ 5 , upon "hid a minimum -weekly instalment of 3 d . shall be ltt ' ul by each shareholder : Trades 13 . dons to have the power vf taking an unlimited number of shares . " Tiiusit irauldat once be seen that individual membcrs of trades could take shares , and even the poorest , r , rovideii lie was in work , could contribute 3 d . a week for such a self-redeeming purpose ; and , as regards Trade Soeictie-, there was scarce a trade but had some members in it who were favourable to removing tlie surjilii-ri bauds from the market : let them agitate the matter in their several bodies , and it would not be a difficult object to show the Trades the benefit of tkir taking up shares as a body . This is the age of progress , —despite all prejudice and opposition we
mu = t g « onwards ; Jet us , then , but investigate and pcreevere , and success at no distant day is certain . — Mr . . Skeltou was lUteued to with breathless attention throughout , and resumed his seat much applauded . — Mr . Wilson , Shoemaker , made si few observations , and was ably replied to by Mr . 1-Ubson , of the same craft . —Mr . J . I " . Linden * Tailor , and Air . Jones of ihe same trade , addressed the meeting in favour of the objects broached by the lecturer . —Mr . James , Shoemaker , said a few words disapprobatory , complaining that the lecturer had not shown or sidinitted ilie soud that had been derived from strikes ; and a very violent Irishman , said to be a Shoemaker , in ibe body of the meeting , demanded of the lecturer if lie had not said that he would nut rest until he had
broke up , root and brauch , all Irside boeieties . —Mr . Skeltou rose to make a general reply ; and , in answer to the question pat by his friend iu the body of the meeting , said , lie had most undoubtedly said that he ttouW never rest until the present futile Trades Societies were changed —( hisses aud loud cheers ); but as a member of a Trade Society , as a paying member -sis a uiau who had contributed to Trade Societies all his life—he had no interest in breaking up Trade Socifcius > , except it was to supersede them by a better : ui <] mole- ciieetual organisation —( loud cheers ) , and inch lie deemed "The Association of United Trades . " . 4 vow ( . / ¦ tlianks was then given to the Chairman , and tbe meetm ;; dissolved .
SiiErnELD- —Tue Building Trades . — On Monday the building trades of SheiSeld walked iu procession from their respective club-houses , with bands playing and banners flying , to the Com Exchange grouud-, and from thence to an adjoining village called Cherry Tree Jlill , about three miles from the imvn , two a-brcast , Joiners taking the iead , followed by the . Masons , Bricklayers , Plasterers , and Labourers . A short address was delivered by Mr . George Erinsou , Bricklayer , on the necessity of the trades uniting in one consolidated society . The members of the several trades afterwards diuned at their respective ciub-houses . A general union of all the innlJiitj trades is being established in this town . _ 3 ui : ru Wales ihxEits . —At a meeting of Colliers Ma at the riougu Inn , Ithosemedre , Korth Wales ,
Oil tbe JCth inst ., it was unaniniously agreed , —1 st , Tkl a vote of thank ' s is due , and hereby given to % Lancashire Miners , for the noble and generous ail iLey have afforded us in our late straggle with fte Coal Kings of this district . 2 nd . That we , the Colliers present , regret the apathy and neglect of the - 'Wth Wales Collier * , but pledge ourselves to use every lawful exertion to forward the cause of the Miners * sissociation in this principality . The Colliers of Black Park , near Chick , . North Wales , in the employ of Mr . Thomas Edward , struck work on the 1 st inst . for au advance in their wages , which terminated about the JOth inst , with an advance of about tweuty . jier cent . With the advance , their wages will only average 5 s . CJ . per day , for from ten to twelve hours labour . The truck system is carried on in ihis district to a very great extent .
B « OT A 3 I > SnoEM 4 KEKS * STBIKEAT DEItBTjlX » L 0 UGn-BORotcu . —Mr . Ward , of Derby , having lately made several reductions in his wages , and the men bein * determined to resist the ^ e robberies on their already scanty wages , made application to their district committee , and they , seeing the injustice of Mr . Ward ' s conduct , sanctioned a strike at Derby . Mr . Ward has a shop in Luughborougli , and it was fonnd necessary to strike that shop as well , and thirty-four men left his employment , leaving him two unprincipled T agakinds in each place to scab" it for him . The committee afterwards detected a Mr . Flaek , of t . oudi !) iirou ] jb , getting up work for Ward , consequently his shop was struck also , and all his men left ™ ni- Subsequently , a Mr . BombrofF was found to w manufacturing for Ward , and this shop was placed on strike . The employers finding the men so determined to uphold their rights , had a meeting amongst
themselves , and appointed a deputation to wait upon iue committee of the men to argue the question , and toy to arrange matters . Subsequently , a general meeting of the men was called to meet the employers , they trying to intimidate the men into compliance , by threatening to buy their work , and employ no more hoeiety men ; but this had no effect , for the operatives agreed to a man to stick to their original determination to stand out for the wages they fornscri yhad . The employers afterwards had a meeting , and agreed to unite to defeat the men , and assist those shops already on strike ; but this will be fruitless , as onr district committee have sanctioned a general strike at Laughborough , and the men are leaving as fast as they can finish their work , so that toe employers will soon have the tovm to themselves , thA ™« n **** J k com P » ed to give in and recall me men . j . ^ g OO de , District Secretary .
muchaswehave . orfancywehave . some SuS of a somewhat similar story makingthe round of the continental papers several years ago . It ™ " tSf however , in this instance , with aa imp 0 sul . S and the guarantee of names-if there be noVmS ing of these for the occasion . The report is , thattwo SSF- ^ MLL ? , " ?? ? *; K other a Gor manhint from that sort of
taking a foot-gear of fir nlanK ofea * fe . by means of which , in those nJrthS countries the inhabitants pass through vallevs and ravines filled with snow , without sinking—have been exhibiting In that capital the exploit of walkin g on the water by means of rf /» -niade , however for the latter purpose , with iron plates hollow within Back wards and forwards , much at their ease , according to the report , did the exhibitors walk and run—trolnc through the military exercise with knapsacks at their tacks , and finally drawing a boat containing eight persons , all without wetting their shoes The
Minister of War has , it is said , put a portion of the garrison of Hanover under the training of thege gentlemen , for the purpose of learning what miaht prove so useful a military manoeuvre ; and as AIM . -Kjellberg and Balcken propose carrying their invention into other countries , our readers will probably Bnipend their opinions till they have a nearer view of this novel meeting of sh y and water . —Mechanics ' Ibgasine ,
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For die Week commencing Monday , Oct . 30 th , 1843 . [ Extracted from aDunr of Actual Operations on five small farms on theestates of the late Alrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates ot the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of l- ' aruley Tyas , near lluddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing then ; what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lauds . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon aud Easttleau , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse riper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Lastbourne . Third . Au industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the no . th of England . The Diauvis aided by "Notes aud Observations" from the pen of Mr . Novell , calculated for the time aud season , which we subjoin .
" Can you keep a pig ! You will find a pig the best save-all that you can have about a garden , and he will pay you well lor Iris keep . "—Tlic Rev . JR . W . Kyle ' s lecture . Note . —The school farms arc cultivated by boys , whs in return for three hours' teaching in the morning gitic tltree hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , lukich . renders the schools selp-SUPPOKTIXG . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixteventlis of the produce of the school farm will be assigned ta tlie boys , ynd one-seventh to the master who ivill receive tlie usual school-fees , help the boys to cultivate llndr land , and teach mem , in addition to reading , writing , &c , to convert their produce into bacon by attending tojrig-kccjring , which at Christmas may be divided , after , paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and ba made tlius indirectly to reach tlieir parents in « way tlie most grateful to their feelings . ]
SUSSEX . Moxdat—Willingdon Sclwol . Wet weather , boys in school all day . Eastdean School . Wet , boys cleaning up the cellar , assorting potatoes . Piper . Sowing wheat . Lumbrell . Wet weather , digging up a few potatoes . Tuesday — IVillingdon School . Wet weather , boys in school all day . Eastdean School . Wet day , buys in the afternoon platting straw to make themselves hats . Piper . Thrashing barley . Dmnbrell . Digging up carrots , hoeing mangel wurzel . W £ US £ SX > A ¥ — Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging for wheat , emptying pigstye tank , picking stones and haulm . Pilier . Thrashing barley . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots , storing mangel wurzel .
TiiuusDAY—Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging up and storing potatoes , drawiug drills , sowing wheat , and treading the ground . 1 'iper . The same as yesterday . liumbrcU . Digging up carrots and potatoes . Friday— Williiujdon School . Boys digging tor wheat . Emtdean School . Boy ^ s pulling and storing swede turnips , and gathering up weeds . Piper . The same as before . 1 / umbrcll . Digging up carrots and potatoes , heifer carrying dung aud potatoes . Saturday— Widingdon Sc / wol . Boys carrying solid and liquid manure to the wheat . Eastdean School . Boys emptying portable pails , cleaning school room and pjgstyes , and getting Sunday food for the cows , l'ijjcr . Winnowing barley . Dumbrell . Digging carrots and turnips , topping them , heifer carrying dung .
COW-FEEDIXG . H ' tHniQifoii Sthoil . Cows feeding on white turnips , with a little barley straw . Bumbreli ' s . One cow fed three days with turnips , potatois , and straw , varied iu the other three by giving cabbage or chaif . One cow and heifer fed with tumips , carrot tops , and straw , occasionally omitting the carrot tops , aud giviug potatoes . Kejiark . — From this time until May-day all your cattle must be led iu the house or straw yard , upon good food , aud plenty of it , such us turnips , carrots , mungel wurztl , and a little eleau straw , llescvve your hay , if you have anv , for the calvinir hine .
DEEP v . SHALLOW DRAINAGE . I have attentively read Mr . Bennett's ietter , and agree with most of his remarks ; but scarcely think his diagram can represent the nature of your soil and subsoil , as you described the latter , in which the four-feet drains were placed at Woodibrd , to contain ciialk and limt inplaces , interchanging with the clay . Your soil is satisfactorily proved to have been a pervious soil , not a gaxdt , which I take to be a name implying indurated or impervious clays—clays which , in in suu , scarcely contain any water , and allow no water to descend into or pass through them . Where such beds occur in thick unbroken strata , I agree mth Air . Bennett that it would probably be usulfes to lay drains many inches deeper than into the gault , since no subterranean water would have to be removed '
1 will now proceed to explain my view of the cause of deep drains ruuning after rain earlier than shallower drains in the tame field ; but we must first clearly appreciate a much more important matter , viz ., how it happens that certain soils , like yours , remain wet with thirty-inch drains , and become Ury when more deeply drained . This is the first step in the inquiry . We linow very well thai all soils possess the faculty of absorbing and retaining water , though in proportions which vary with , and arc dependent on their composition and texture . If a subsoil contain water
in excess over its power of retention , there exists wiiat may be termed free tvatcr * in the soil , and the level of this water—or the depth below the surface at which it can he kept—is determinable and determined by the depth of the drains . Let us suppose thirty inches to be the depth of the drains , the subsoil— i . e ., the soil below thirty inches—may nevertheless he , and we know that in retentive soils it general y is , overcharged with water—except in longconthmed hot weather . Thus the super or active soil , reposes , in reality , on a pillow of water thirty inches beneath the surface .
Now if , under these circumstances , which are the general conditions of clays and other retentive soils , the super-soil possess a powerful absoroing faculty , 1 imagine that so fast as the moisture is evaporated from the surface , fresh portions of water are continually drawn up b y capillary attraction among the molecules of the soil , and by the roots of plants , which act as so many pumps , to replace that lost by evaporation . An injurious wetness is thus preserved in , and becomes the prevailing habit of the supersoil , so long as the force of capillary attraction equals or exceeds the evaporative force . But if we remove tne Jree water to a greater distance from the surface by deeper drains , we not only place this reservoir of aqueous supply further from the surface ,
but put a greater bulk of earth into a condition to absorb during rain , more water than it contains very shortly after rain ; for we have laid dry ( so to speak ) a greater mass of soil , and when rain falls the soil is capable of imbibing and benefitting by it , which it could not do when already drunk or saturated with bottom water . By removing the permanent water level to a greater depth , say to four feet from the surface , we , in fact , vastly diminish the force of capillary attraction in respec of the super and active soil ; for , although its agency is very powerful , the sphere of capillary action is limited as to the height to which it can cause water to be suspended ; and its force diminishes very rapidly as the distance increases between the surface of the soil and the bed of
water . A very simple experiment would illustrate and justify this explanation . Take four flower-pots or cylinders with open ends , of equal diameter , but varying in length respectively , as one , two , three , or four feet . Place one end of each pot vertically in a pan , and fill them all with similar soil ; then put water in the pans , and expose the surface of all > he pota to the influence of the atmosphere . It will be found that much more water will be evaporated in tie same time , from the shorter than from the longer
pots , because more will be drawn up to the surface in a given time ; and if the supply be maintained in the pans , there y ? U 1 be very little chaDge in the particular hvgrometric condition of the masses of earth in each pot ; yet the quantity ot humidity contained in each , at a given depth below the surface , will be found to be widely different . The earth in the fortyeight inch pot will be moist at twelve inches deep , but not wet ; whereas that in the twelve-inch pot will be always supersaturated with water , and so on in the other pots in different degrees .
You have experienced in your seven-acre thirtyinch-deep pot that the soil was always too wet for healthy vegetation ; bat now that you have lowered the level of the free water , the injurious wetness of the active soil has vanished . You have now a pot with a pan four feet deep , and when rain , however excessive , falls , your soil is in a condition to receive and transmit the whole of it downwards , and the plants will not be injured by rain in ordinary seasons , as provision is made for removing all excess as quickly as experience has shown to be necessary . Tne water runs over Hus pan through the drain 3 as soon as , or before , it becomes hurtful .
"When rain faUs on soils in this condition , it first saturates all the soil it encounters , as it would a piece of blotting paper ; it then goes on sinking downwards , bygravity , until tho soil about the level of T ? UflT 5 ? w enable to retain more water . tWn ^ i , pin exce ss over the retaining power of the sod then passes into the drain-this is followed thP O ^ r £ ? rop £ \? nd f ° ' the water which falls on it SfS't ^^ y following the escaping water th rtSl , A - erefore ' 1 uite ^ ent * y ° old S 2 S - ^ . would cease to discharge water after the construction of the four-feet drains , as the water pases by them in its descent to the deeper drains . JSot a drop can linger at the level of the
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upper drains until the mass of soil existing between that and the level of the deeper drains be also surcharged , which may happen in . certain soils under very heavy long-continued rains ; aud this does sometimes happen . ^ I know several instances of drains twenty-seven inches deep having occasionally discharged a little . vater , " though the land was underdrained again and across , like yours , with four-feet drains . This arises from the opposition of the lo \ yer bed of unworkedsoil to the passage of waterwhich
, hangs , as Mr . Bennett properly describes it , in that mass , andrcquircs time for its complete disappearance . It is this obstruction to the horizontal travelling of the water from midway between a pair of drains , which causes the exhibition of water standing in the soil beneath the crown of your ridges at a higher level than at the drain bottoms ; and nothing , perhaps , can more clearly demonstrate the superior efficacy of deep over shallow drainage , for clays and highly retentive soils , than that experiment , which has been corroborated by many similar ones .
I could enlarge on this point were it necessary , and show clearly why deep drains enable us to place them much wider apart than shallower drains , aud yet retain , at all times , sufficient moisture in the soil , without excess at any time , even midway between the drains ; but this letter is already too long : I will only add , in confirmation of my view of the force of capillary attraction in supplying the upper bed with moisture from below , that I was lately shown a piece of land by a tenant of Sir T . D . Acland ' s , in Devon , who had drained it three ( bet deep . There were no springs in it , and the state of moisture was the same midway between as over the drains ; yet , according to Mr . Burdon's ( the tenant ) opinion , and I quite
concurred with him , the whole field was too ( lamp . Intermediatedrainsilriven between the existing drains to the same depth , would effect no good in this case ; no more water would be discharged from the field by increasing the number of three-feet drains ; tbe only , but a perfect cure would be effected by still deeper drainage , for the soil is evidently of a nature to conduct moisture upward from a very considerable depth by capillary attraction . There is no other force at work in such a case as I now cite , but capillary attraction , to cause the water to ascend ; and there arc no other means of diminishing the quantity of suspended moisture , but by lowering the level of the bottom water .
In concluding these remarks , I may observe , that the advocates aud adopters of shallow drainage do not appear to me to be sufficiently aware of the fact , that it is the existence of free or bottom water too near the surfites which keeps tke upper soli wet , not the superabundance of rain . A fanner occupying deeply-drained land will rarely , in my opinion , quarrel with the rain , if the season be au average one as respects temperature . It is true that lie cannot command the temperature of the seasons , but he may order excess of water off his fields ; and render the bed of soil warmer by many degrees than it would otherwise be , by compelling the rain to sink to a proper depth , and distribute below the greater heat with which it is charged on the surface . Josiaii Parkes .
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Fellow Townsmen , —We again take the liberty of addressing you on the question of the Poor ' s Law . Tlie New Poor Law Bill for Scotland lias passed the legislature of the country with all its defective clauses . For this the people of Scotland are highly culpable : they have failed in their duty and the rich have prevailed . We do not hesitate to declare that the passing of this bill will prove a lasting stain on batli Ileuses of Parliament . We are told that the design of Government is the happiness of the governed , but what care the members , of our present tfousc of Commons for tin ' s great pr . nciplo .
The New Poor Law Bill for Scotland—a measure deeply affecting the interest of the poor of the whole country—was apparently to them unworthy of a passing thought . Only a hundred or so took any interest in the matter , a great majority of whom , used their every eudeavour to render the bill as defective as possible . It is painful to reflect how little the interest of the labouring poor is attended to by the Government and the wealthier classes . Will nothing but the terrible outburst of a starving people , smarting under the recollection of a thousand wrongs , awaken them to a just sense of duty ? We have no desire to answer this question in the negative . God forbid that such an event should ever take place in this country ; but if it should so happen , they can
have no excuse . We are living in one of the finest countries in the world ; the people are noted for their industry , frugality , and enterprise . Britain , during the last half century—notwithstanding her long and ruinous war with France , and the vast expenditure of her Government , amounting during that period to the enormous sum of three thousand four hundred millions sterling , in defiance of the insane policy of her rulers , of the many restrictions on commerce—has gradually increased in wealth . The annual produce of the people amounts to five hundred millions sterling . By the recent inventions and improvements in the arts and sciences , the produce of the people has been increased forty-fold .
A very limited part of these , our ample resources , if properly applied by the Government , would be sufficient to banish vice and misery from our shores . But , alas ! while our country lias increased in wealth , poverty , disease , and death have increased amongst the people . Distinguished persons who have travelled over the principal parts of " the world , inform us that they had only to visit Ireland to witness the climax of human misery ; and that distinguished philanthropist , Dr . Allison , declares , in his excellent work on the management of the poor , that the people of Scotland are fast approaching to a similar condition , and can only be saved from which by the establishment of a nroDer svsteni of Poor ' s Laws . Ihis
serious truth must be apparent to all who have paw the smallest attention to the great suffering and destitution prevailing in the large towns ot Scotiana . " Previous to the year 1815 , the number ot terer patients taken into the Infirmary of Edinburgh nevei exceeded 130 in the year ; during tlie three . years following 1817 they amounted to 27 lo , or 90 o in the year ; after the failures in 1 S 25 they amounted to 3520 , or 1173 in the year ; in the three years ^ Howing the great failures in 1835 they amouatedto Ui-W ; and during these three last years , 40 , 0001 persons in the City of Glasgow , and 10 , 000 in the town ot Dundee , were seized with lever , " being one sixtn or the inhabitants of these populous seats oi commerce . Immediately subsequent to the late extensive failures in Paisley , fever prevailed to such an extent that an extra Infirmary had to be obtained , which was lar from being adequate to contain the numerous persons
afflicted with that tatal disease . Thus we observe each period of distress has been accompanied with a great increase of fever , by which thousands ot tue poor have been consigned to the tomb , and the greater part of tbe survivors reduced to a state of irretrievable misery . The amount of fever during those periods was
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twelve times less in the lar e towns of . England than in those ot Scotland ; and were it not for the continual influx of the unfortunate people of Ireland , who have no legal claim 10 relief , fever would be scarcely known amongst them .. Why is this ? Eugiand , during the last 250 years , has had the benefit of a proper administration of her Poor Laws . "A fever which consigns thousands to the grave , " says Dr . Harty , " consigns tens of thousands to a worse fate , for fever spares the children aud cuts off the parents , leaving the wretched offspring to fill up the future ranks of prostitution , mendicancy , and crime . " Hence
the principal cause of wing after wing being added to the jails ' of our country , in which are crowded the unfortunate victims of poverty—the sons and daughters of the poor . Our country presents us with scenes of the most appalling destitution . It is long since the great body of the people in the Lowlands ot Scotland were ejected from the land , and the hardy and industrious sons and daughters of the North are nosv driven in large masses from their native Highland homes . " We shudder , " says Dr . Allison , " at the savage answer , attributed to a Highland Chieftain , when asked what was to become of the
numerous families whom he had ejected to make room for sheep walks ? ' Loch Dutch is deep enougn for tlu-m all . ' " Savage though this answer may appear , we conceive it an exclamation of mercy when compared with the sufferings of the poor in many of our commercial districts . Thousands of the people have not a bed to lie on , nor a blanket to cover them : sleeping during tho night with the clothes , or rather rags , which covor their bodies during the day . Persons of eighty years of age are found stretched on boards , not having even the ' comforlof a bed of straw . The poor , after toiliuu the bust of their days for the benelit of their country , are left to depend for subsistence on the charity of the humane . On such precarious means they live but few years in a mUerable
condition , _ and sink into the grave from the effects of destitution . So great is the mortality amongst the poor of late years , that the demand for Collins has increased live-fold . The poor ' s Jans of Scotland are truly a mockery of their misery . Iu 517 parishes no assessment is raised foi 1 the support of the poor , and in 288 parishes the allowance given to the poor is only fotu'peucc per week , and in a number of the parishes it is as low as one farthing ; yet , iu the face of these incontrovertible facts , these laws are considered by tho aristocracy of Scotland as the perfection of human wisdom . These men , brought up from infancy in the luxurious Lap of affluence , basking throughout life in the sunshine of prosperity , never deigning to cross the threshold of unfortunate poverty , are
evidently reckless of the rights and interests of the poor ; yet , notwithstanding their indifference , they have a strong desire to be well thought of by the people . They declare that the c ' stablisliincnt . of poi . r ' slaws would d y up the streams of public aud private charity , and destroy that spirit of independence existing in the minds of the people , by rendering them wholly dependent on the wealthier classes during times of great distress . These statements , taough plausible at first sight , arc the very reverse of truth . Is it right that the people should be allowed to continue in their present miserable condition , that the rich may have proper objects on whom to exercise their
benevolence ? The want of a pour ' s law creates great misery , to the sight of which the rich becoms habituated , and therefore indifferent . Will the people be more debased to learn that during times of distress they have a right to be supported agreeably to the law—to learn that they arc merely receiving back a part hi their own—than to know that it wholly depends on the casual whims of the wealthy donor , whether they shall live or die ? It is fully to thiulf so . The New Poor Law has , with justice , been termed a landlord ' s bill ; without doubt , the influence of these men has been used secretly as well as openly to render it a dead letter to the people .
Tlie salvation of the working classes most assuredly rests with themselves , and we fimdly hopud that they would have come forward generally at this lime to stem this torrent of human misery—to check this system of wholesale murder of the labouring poor ; but in this wo are sorry to say we have been muuh disappointed . The resolutions adopted at your public meeting we immediately transmitted to leading men iu all the principal towns and villages in the country . We accompanied our letters at different periods with copies of your address , calling on them to yet up public meetings in sup ort of your resolutions ; but with the exceptions of Edinburgh , Glasgow , Aberdeen , Dundee , and a few of the villages , tlie letters in our possession from a number of the
principal towns ol Scotland , prove that the people are all but dead to this question so deeply affecting their interest . Even the people of Paisley have proven themselves very lukewarm on this question—Paisley , whose inhabitants have so recently emerged from a state of great suffering— 1 ' aisloy , 1500 faniilioa of" the inhabitants to which were proven before a committee of the House of Commons , during the late distress , to be without a blanket in the dead of winter . Fellow-townsmen , we feel pleasure to have it in our power to state that these periods of great distress have passed away , and we would that we had it in our power to state that they would never return , but direful experience ever reminds u 3 that they have come , and it requires no spirit of prophecy to foretel that they will at no distant date return again . We , therefore , seriously call upon you to rouse from
your present lethargy ; rest assured that the apathy now existing in the public mind is the surest prop ot slavery . You are giving your oppressors every reason to hope that they have crushed the spirit of the people , and that they will therefore be able to trample on their rights with impunity . The wages of the labouring classes are ; olofl over Scotland , that it is impossible for them to provide against poverty arising from want of employment , old age , infirmity , or disease ; and with our great improvements in machinery , and the continual influx of the people of Ireland , in which country there are no less than two millions of people dependent for subsistence on voluntary contributions , we may feel certain there will ever be such a redundancy of hands in the market as will reduce the price of labour to the lowest possible rate .
Let us therefore demand at the hand of the Legislature that the poor shall not be allowed to starve in a land of plenty—that ample provision shall be made for the labourer when he eaniiot find employment to provide for himself . By a blunder in the new Poor-Law Bill , it cannot legally come into operation till Aujrust , 1846 ; we would therefore advise that a public meeting be convened to adopt resolutions recommending the people of Scotland to appoint a national deputation to wait on the Government and every member of Parliament , at the eommencemtnt of next session , and to remonstrate with them on the injustice of refusing to make provision in the Bill for tlie support of the unemployed able-bodied poor , and to recommend such improvements in the Bill as will render it beneficial to the people . A very small sum from each of the towns aud villages would be sufficient to cover the expenses of the deputation , which , if properly backed by public opinion , could not fail to be of lasting benefit to the poor of the
country . We ave , fellow-townsmen , in the cause of suffering humanity , James Flbmixg , Prescs . Duncan Sinclair , Secretary . Robert Gardner , Treasurer .
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TJIREATKNKp FAMINE IN IRELAND . The accounts of the patatoe crop iu Ireland are of a nature to excite the most serious apprehensions for the ensuing year . The alarm , we are told , is somewhat abated ; " still , under tlie most favourable circumstances , and allowing for every exaggeration , there will be a lnmentable deficiency of the crop , which will be far under an average one . " A correspondent in tho county of JCildare says—There is no d « . ubt of the failure of the crop , aud there is every reason t > j niipreluind a famine in consi'ijuonvc . The uttcutiou of most persons appears tu be entirely derccted tu one poi . it—that of ascci'tuining how far any portion of the crop can be saved , Suppose the untainted portion were secured from the destruction whicli threatens it —would the vast population of this country be secured from want iipproacliing to famine ?—I think not . Tho Cork Reporter of the Hth
says-Accounts continue to reach us of the deplorable state of tlie crop . Tlie malady is increasing , and the district which was free yesterday is to-day visited witli tlie pi ^ sti . leiic-e . Kerr . i , which was hitherto safr , is Uvgiuniiig to complain , ami our Grookliavvn correspondent , who last week informed us tliat all ivas right iu that district , now assures us that since he bst wrote the potatoe murrain has made its appearance . Things begin to wear an alarming aspect . We think it fu ; l time for tlie Government to act . The accounts from ileath , from the neighbourhood of Dublin , from Tyrone , Kosi'oinmon , Wuterford , Kilkenny , and Carlow , Down and Armagh , are all to the same effect . The vegetable pestilence , though not universal , and In some instances happily ascertained to have been exaggerated , is yet known to be spreading , and to oe most destructive . The extent of the loss cannot be . at present known . The til st appearance has often proved delusive .
The failure of this crop would now be a calamity in any of tho north-western countries of Europe , far beyond what it would have been iu the last generation ; a greater calamity indeed that any could realize till tlwy saw it fulfilled . But Ireland above all other countries is dependent on this crop , not only for well being , but for existence . England aud Uulgium , and other continental districts which shave the disaster , have all many resources . The potato is only part of tli « iv labourers' ditt . Thry have manufactures , and commerce , and capital , to procure foreign supplies equal to tlieir deficiency at home . They have large accumulations both of money , and of stock ,
and food , which enable them to draw on thtir neighbours and on the future . The vast population is only provisioned for one year . Of a food which no human ingenuity can preserve longer than one year it raises just uttough tu last one year . That is the one string to its bw , Reduce it by an inch or two and the bow is useless . There are tribes whicli live on the fish that visit tlieir shores . Tlie shoal changes its route , and they perish . There aru tribes that live by the chase . The deer are exterminated , and so are their pursuers . There are tliose who live on the track of the bear ami the elk . Tim prey gets a day ' s too much start , and they die before they can come up . Such is the rude improvidence oi Irelaud .
Tlic peasant reckons not quita from day to day , but , what is not much better , from year to yew . lie Jiuts into tho ground as much as on a ii ! uto > v calculation will serve for a tnelven . onth . It falls short , and he must starve for a month or two . lie may be helped by his neighbours , hut should all be in the same case , how are allto be helped 1 An Irish famine is one of the most dreadful calamities which could be imagined to interrupt the present flush ol British prosperity , and the moru substantial blussiugs of a thirty years' peace . The circumstances of tlic tiuiu threaten aggravations beyond the usual catalogue of horrors . It may he said , indeed , that fortune and misfortune come equally amiss to a nation which rejoices in opportunities of evil , which chouses to consider itseli always on the eve of a general win or a private rebellion , which ranks itself among the worst enemies of the empire , and which is never prepared to avail itself either of the mercies of llcuruii or tin : kindness of man . Hut Ireland
is just now , we tear it must be said , move than uvtr under the dominion of a cruel and unprincipled faction , which has succeeded to the utmost of its unnaiural ^ auibilum iu alienating the aileclionsand exasperating the jealousies of tlic two countries . Of all alienations , tliut between the poor andthu rich , between the helpless and their natural benefactors , is fraught with the most immediate suffering and wrong . Such is the relation which the inhuman industry of Mr . O'Couuell and his ecclesiastical legion have succeeded iu establishing between destitute Ireland and wealthy England . It answers , of course , tlieir private purpose , which perhaps the most awful of families might scarcely he said to disappoint .
In the first place , every Irishman is prepared to set down any visitation whatever to . British ascendancy . Ashis average of misery is a Saxon inlliction , much more its occasional excess . Then there is really some reason to fear that the demagogue and the priest will deliberately stand between English charity and Celtic starvation , Every instinct of their fanaticism or their conspiracy will urge them to misrepresent and calumniate the goo > . l intentions oflOngland , so as to paralyze both the hand that should give and that which should receive . When the report of dying myriads thrills through the unanimous and sympathetic hearts of England , the first impulses ol
an h ; ib ! tu » l benevolence will be instantly rewarded with the foulest of slanders , and , on tho other hand , the perishing multitude , whom nnture herself was teaching gratitude , will be instructed to see si worse death in the dole of English bounty , To act otherwise would be an extent of humility , of tenderness , and of candour , which it is scarcely possible to expect from the case-hardened leaders of fris / i agitation . It is only just possible to imagine that they may treat the instinctiro overflowings of British charity with a respectful , because a necessary , silence for a time , only that they may husband their calumnies for a more fitting oecasi in .
But it cannot be concealed that there ave also circumstances too likely to chill the hand of the giver . Besides that it is not iu human nature , whatever it may be in grace , to give quite so freely to those who have all their days reviled aud traduced the giver , who have leagued and conspired against him , and otherwise injured him to the very utmost extent of their humble abilities , there is also the disheartening remembrance of former bounties lavished in vain , It is not in reason to plough the barren sand , or to cultivate for ever the affections of a heart ol stone . As a matter of calculation , the benefit has passed away . It is only a few years since that between £ 300 , 000 and £ 400 , 000 were freely gathered for the starving Irish peasant . Thousands contributed , not from their superiluity , but from their need . Does the Irish peasant remember it 1—and , exeipt that he was saved from
present death , is he now the better ? Moreover , it has transpired liow much that fund was abused ; how much went , in effect , to the payment of rent , and to thu discharge of a landlord ' s obligations ; how much to roadmaking and such matters oi private advantage . Then it must be added that the cry of the nation is for permanent improvement . People in secular affairs , at least , do not act so much from impulse as they did even twenty years since . The appeal for succour from the sister island may , perhaps , meet with as profound a sympathy , and as willing a hand , as of yore , but it is possible that prudence may interpose unseasonable delays . There may be even an inconvenient inquiry into tlic social condition of the
country . Englishmen , with so many hazardous speculations , and so many positive duties in lnind , may exercise even loo much iurcihought for the present nccissity . The best man becomes at last weary of helping those who will not help themselves , as also of undertaking forothurs duties of which they are stili too glad to be relieved . Should the appeal be made to Parliamentary benevolence , weave sure that it will not be answered without such a concentration of the public gu / . eon the Ivish landlord as it would be worth his while to avert . The nation is steadily fixing its eye upon him , and will not release him from the most oppressing attentions till kis tenants become rather less of a public nuisance and a national scandal .
It would be premature to suggest an immediate remedy till the extent of the disaster is known and reduced to calculation . To forbid exportation , as has been proposed , ¦ would be the surest way to prevent Ireland from ever having a stock in hand beyond her present needs . To remove the duties ou all imported food , whatever its merits us a permanent measure , would bo a very responsible act for a Minister , and even for a Legislature , if adopted only for thu occasion . So abrupt an interference would not be very encouraging to that useful class which tills the ground and buys and sells for profit . Whatever is done , for mercy's sake , let it be for good . — Times
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if « l ? t S esei > - Ce ^ frce wat € r is ascertainable by digging a Hole , and seeing if any water flows into it .
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AGRICULTURAL INCONSISTENCIES . Prejudice and error generally go hand in hand a man may be allowed to indulge in obstinacy for his own gratification , but when society is affected by it , the sooner a new light breaks in upon him the better . Ask nineteen farmers out of twenty who hold stvong clay land , and they will tell you it is of no use placing deep four-feet drains in such soils—the water can ' t get in—a horse ' s foot-hole ( without an opening under it ) will hold water like a basin , and so on . Well , live minutes after , you tell tlie same fanners you propose digging a cellar , well-bricked , six or eight feet deep : what is their remark ? " O ! it ' s of no use your making an underground cellar in our soil , yuu . can ' t keep the water out ! " Was there ever such an illustration of prejudice as this ? What is a drain-pipe but a small cellar full of ait ? Then , as ; ain , common sense tells us , you can't keep « i light
fluid under a heavy one . You mLht as well try to keep a cork under water as to keep air under water . " O ! but then our soil isn't porous . " If not , how can it hoUl water so readily ? lam led to these observations by a strong controversy 1 am having with some Essex " folks , who protest that I am mad or foolish for placing one-inch pipes , at four feet depth , in strong clays . It is in Tain I refer to the numerous proofs brought forward by Mr . 'Parkes , engineer to the lloyal Agricultural Society , and confirmed by Mr . Pusey . They still dispute it . It is in vain I tell them 1 cannot keep the rain water out of socketed pipes twelve feet deep , that convey a spring to my farm-yard . Do try and convince this large class of doubters ; for it is of national importance . Four feet of good poi"ous clay would afford a far better meal to some strong beau or other tap-roots than the usual six inches ; and a saving of M to £ o per acre in drainage is no trifle .
Another glaring inconsistency is the subject of tillage . I proposed sub-soiling my heavy land for baiUS , SO as to admit the action of frost and allabundantly . A demurrer was instantly raised by a farmer present . " O ! we always plough shallow IV beans . " " Well , I know you do . Do you ever doublespit your gardens V " O ' certainly we do . " " Do you ever grow beans in your garden ? " "To be sure ; capital ones . " " What ! and that on doubledug ground ! impossible , surely . " It would puzzle a conjuror to tell why a farmer always digs his garden twenty inches , and ploughs his land only five inches . Docks , thistles , couch , and other strong deep-rooted
weeds , arc not to be found in his garden . What reason can a iarmer give for drilling his beans at seven inches in his Jicld and twenty-seven in his garden ? Docs the former mode give him a larger or earlier produce ? Again , a farmer will caution you against s . tting in a draught , or lying on n damn bed ; of course , he takes care not to do so himself , but , while lie practises this for liimsell , and . recommends it to his friends , he pursues an entirely different plan with his cattle . They must be exposed to both , as if their sensations and physiology differed in that respect from our own ! Let us keep our cattle warm , dry , and well fed , and we shall seldom feel the cramp in our pockets . I . J . Meciii .
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IIawick . — The Public Footpaths . — The adjourned public meeting of the inhabitants was held on Wednesday ; evening week in the Town-ball , called by ( he Committee on the Bye Paths , on their return from Jedburgh , where the paities were tried for opening the road through the Buccleuch property . The statement made to the meeting was to the following effect : — " That there were twelve panels , charged with tumultuous assembling :, rioting , malicious mischief , and breach of the peace . Advocate-Deputy Brown had been brought from Edinburgh to conduct the prosecution . This is of a yevy rare occurrence at the fchoriffs '" Court , but it shows the anxiety to secure a conviction , and he intimated to
tlie agent for the prisoner the evening before that he would depart from the charge of malicious mischief , and accept the plea of guilty from seven of ihe prisoners , freeing the other five altogether , and recommend a fine to the court . This offer was communicated to the committee , who , after maturely considering the circumstances , agreed to it , and sent an express to Jedburgh to notify the same to their agent . They also told all their witnesses that they would not be required . About two o ' clock in the morning a messenger from Jedburgh brought the news that the prosecutors had increased their demands , and that , consequently , all the prisoners would nave to go to trial . This was quickly intimated to those concerned , and conveyances hired to
convey their witnesses to Jedburgh . At the meeting ot the court the same offer was made to the agent for the defence by the Advocate-Deputy , with this difierence—that he would accept of a plea of gui . 'ty ^ 'om five , and free the other seven altogether , 'ihis offer was agreed to , and the five were fined three pounds , each , and bound over to keep the peace for six months under a penalty of ten pounds . The committee would not nave agreed to this compromise , had they not been aware that several witnesses were ready to swear , though falsely , that they were put in . bodily feav , which it appears made the proceeding " riotous and tumultuous . " The meeting expressed theirapprovaloftheproceedings of the committee by unanimously passing a vote of thanks to them
put . wey reprobated the conduct of the prosecutors iu no very measured terms , for the way they had conducted the prosecution—every means being taken to involve the committee in a ruinous expense , while the rogue money" was made available for all the expenses of the prosecutors . They also resolved to continue the contest to the last , notwithstanding the desertion of the middle classes ; and aB they are now convinced that working men alone will have the burden to bear , they resolved to face it out manfully , and if they be overpowered , and crushed by the heavy mines of their aristocrat and milocrat opponents , the odium will rest on the town council and shopocracy who have basely betrayed and abandoned the rights of the public .
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Alarming Occurrence at St , Philip ' s Church , Stepney . —About half-past seven o ' clock on Sunday evening , during the performance of divine service at the new church at the back of the London Hospital , the congregation was thrown into a state of the utmost alarm by a sudden cvash , which led to a supposition that the galleries were giving way . An instant rush was made to the doors , and such was the eagerness for escape that the railings of the stairs gave way , and several persons fell outward . This circumstance greatl y added to the excitement which hadbeen previously created , and the alarm was terrible . S everal severe contusions were , sustained ,
and two persons had to be removed to the Londoi Hospital—one , whose name our reporter did not learn , suffering severely from the fright and pressure , and the other from compound fracture of the thigh bone . Dr . Godfrey , of Mount-place , Whitechapel , was instantly in attendance , and recognised in tlie woman with the broken limb a poor creature named Potter , 70 years of age , upon whom he had operated live years previously for growth in the jawbone , of which he had to remove a portion . The age of the patient and the extent of the injury rendered her position very precarious . When the alarm subsided it was found , on inquiry , that the cvash which led to the fearful rush was occasioned by the falling of a heavy weight in the clock-case during one t >{ the but the
still and solemn pauses in the ceremony ; alarm in the first instance was such that few stopped to inquire into the cause , as all were actuated by a desire to secure their personal safety . Attempted Suicide . —On Friday night week , Mr . Coxhead , well known in the theatrical world , and who , it is said , has lost £ 15 , 000 in theatrical speculations , went into a hair-dresser's shop in Kennington , where , after he was shaved , he inflicted a dreadful gash across his throat . Surgical assistance was instantiy provided , and as soon as the necessary remedies were applied the unfortunate gentleman was conveyed in a'cab to his residence in a very hopeless state .
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The Dbokken Bbawl and Stabbing at Hounslow Baiikacks . —Final Examination of Lieut . Krrwan—Saturday being the day appointed for the further examination of Lieutenant Martin l'rancis Kerwan , of the 4 th regiment of Light Dragoons , stationed at Ilounslow Barracks , on the charge of having , on the 28 th of September last , stabbed with a sword Quartermaster Thomas Tarleton , of tho same regiment , whereby his life was for some time in danger , the large room at the Three Pigeons Inn , iS cw Brent ford , in which the magistrates customarily hold then * sittings , was , long before the hour appointed ( twelve o ' clock ) , densely crowded by persons , anxious to witness the proceedings , ( iuartermastcr Thomas Tarleton was then called forward , and took his
station in the witness-box . lie is a much taller and more powerful man than Lieutenant Kerwan , and although he looked rather pale , he exhibited no weakness from the effects of the injury , but stood all the time ho was giving his evidence . Having been sworn , he deposed as follows : —I am quartermaster of the 4 th Itogiinent of Light Dragoons now stationed at Ilounslow Barracks . On the evening of Sunday the 2 Sth of September last , about ten o ' clock , some of the oificcrs were showing feats of strength in the anteroom of the mess-room . Amongst others , Lieutenant Kerwan , with Lieutenant Greville , of the 2 d liegiment of Life Guards , were wrestling , and
Lieutenant kerwan was thrown twice , when Captain Fane came forward and put a stop to it . Lieutenant Kei'Wiiu immediately addressed Captain Fane , and asked him why he interfered when he was not the senior oflieer of the regiment then present . Captain Fiino almost immediately left the room , and directly nftcnvnnls Lieutenant Kerwan also loft the room . 1 was standing with my back to the lire , when Major Parlby came to the door of the ante-room and called me out . When I went to him in the passage lie told me that Lieutenant Kerwan wanted to go into Captain Fane ' s room . 1 went to tho front of the barracks , and there saw Lieutenant Kerwan with
two other owners . I saw that Lieutenant kerwan was exceedingly excited , and endeavoured to soothe him . After some little time Lieutenant Kenyan said he was ordered to the guard-room and would go there . _ I tried to dissuade him . lie then ascended tlic stairs to go to his room to put his cap on , and I accompanied him . When we went into the room I shut tlic door , and when Lieutenant Kerwan had procured liis cap , he wanted to go out of the room and I prevented him , by shutting the door , and standina with mv buck to it . Lieutenant Kerwan then
seized < i SH'oru which was hanging near to where he had taken the cap from , aud after flourishing ; it about ; mcl threatening he would cut me down if I did not allow him to pr . ss , lie made a pass at me , which wont under my left arm . Another sword was hanging close within my reach on tiie door in a scabbard . lie said " There is another sword , defend yourself . " I reached out towards it , and had got hold of the scabbard , when I thought he wanted to pass between me anil the door , and 1 throw myself back against the door , and then felt the blow which inflicted the wound . I immediately said , "You have stabbed me , " and went towards the fire , and by tlicliglitof it saw blood on my shirt . There was only a ( ire in the room . I then left the room , and meeting some persons told them to fetch the doctor , and then went to my own room . The doctor came almost immediately . From the exceeding kindness I have on all occasions experienced from Lieutenant Kerwan since my
promotion , lam perfectly confident that , had it not been for the excited state in which Lieutenant Kerwan was at that moment , arising from the blows he had received in the falls while wrestling , and the effects of tlie wine ho had drunk , he ' would not have done me an injury . And , on my oath , I am also convinced , that at tlic moment Lieutenant Kerwan did so , he entertained no malice or ill-will against me . I sent a message to that effect to Lieutenant Kcrwan within half an hour after the occurrence took place . Tho magistrates , after an absence of nearly an hour , returned into the petty session room , and having resumed their seats , the chairman said the bench had given their anxious consideration to all the facts oi ' thu ease , and also to the itWc arguments of the learned counsel , and although they did not consider it necessary to scud Lieutenant Kerwan to trial , or to bind over Quartermaster Tarleton to prosecute , they felt it to be tlieir dutv to hold Lieutenant Kerwan in
recognizances to appear at the next , ov any other session of the Central Criminal Court , to answer any indictment that may be preferred against him . The bail that would be required would bo the same as on the last occasion , viz ., Lieutenant Kerwan in £ 500 , and two sureties in £ 250 each . Mr . Clarkson immediately tendered Charles Lionel Maitland Kerwan . olDiilgin Park , in tiie county of Mayo , Ireland , brother to the accused , and Richard Haven Esq ., of King ' s Bench-walk , Inner Temple , both of-whom , ' entered into the required recognizances . The Bench then declared Lieutenant Kerwan to to discharged .
Max Killed . —Fidelity of the Dog . —Yesterday morning , about half-past four o ' clock , a labouring man , who had lately come from Edinburgh , where he had been working at the North British Railway , unfortunately met with his death by the falling ol " a brick-kiln " near to VortEgHngton , Gorbals . It appears that the deceased , whose bodjr is at present in the Gorbals poUce-ofiice , had laid himself down to sleep near the kiln , where the accident occurred . He is a stout young man , and is dressed in
moleskin jacket and trousers , with strong shoes and red thibet handkerchief . lie had with him a bundle containing wearing apparel , and 9 s . 9 d . in silver and copper . A remarkable incident connected with the abuve occurrence was the fideli ty and sagacity exhibited by a dog belonging to the deceased . After the accident , by which the poor man was literally buried among the bricks , the faithful animal used every exertion to aid the workman to extricate the body , and would not leave the spotafterwa'rds until taken away by force . — Glasgow Chronicle .
Disgraceful Military Riot at CiiAnr / roN Faik . —About nine o ' clock on Tuesday night the visitors to Charlton fair were much annoyed and alarmed by the appearance of nearly 200 of the cadets , attired in various disguises , some armed with cudgels , who commenced attacking several persons indiscriminately . They were partially resisied by a body of ropeniakers and sonic few otheis , who were , however , speedily put to flight , many of them taking shelter ' in the Crown and Anchor booth , into which the cadets attempted to force an entrance , but being
foiled in this , they deliberately smashed the whole of the exterior illuminated devices . A body of the police endeavoured to arrest tlieir progress , but without effect , a , nd they proceeded to damage and destroy several gingerbread ami other stalls . A party of the artillery were sent for , which the rioters having ascertained , contrived very prudently to make their retreat before the military had arrived . About five years since a similar disturbance took place , from which period , it is understood , tlie cadets , until this occasion , have not been allowed to visit the above ancient suburban lair .
Dkstkuctive Fike at Sydexuam , Kent . —On Sunday morning , abuut one o ' clock , a fire broJcc out in the coach-house of a gentleman named FJemming , of Perry-hill , Syuenliam , Kent , Ivo exertion was spared by the inhabitants to arrest the progress of destruction , and with the most wonderful expedition the London Establishment and the West ot England engines , with several firemen , arrived , but no water could be procured fur uso , and by two o'clock tho premises and contents were consumed . A True Tragedy . —The crimiral cluiniber of the
Cour Royale of Algiers had , on the 2 tl instant , to decide upon a , case of double assassination from Spanish jealousy and vengeance . Emmanuel Carci , a young Spaniard of noble birth , unfurled tit Carthagena the standard of insurrection , at the head of a squadron of cavalry . Unf . uvtunat . ely he and his band were vanquished and dispersed , and most of them compelled to expatriate themselves . Carci , having collected a lew thousand francs , fled to Algiers , whither he was followed by his mistress , Manuela Pastor , a beautiful brunette of Madrid . With the
inconsiderateness or youth they lived m a style of splendour and luxury which soon exhausted resources that they had no means of replenishing , and they were reduced to distress . As an expedient Oarci got up a Spanish theatre , he playing the part of director and premier jfiwiw / tontine with . Manuela as-his prima donna . The French were soon weary of theduinessof the Spanish stage , ; embarrassments ensued , Carci became melancholy and morose , and the vivid affection of Donna Manuela faded into coldness . A certain Dun Ximeno , a refugee captain also , became one of the actors , and lived on terms of intimacy with Carci and Manuela . The latter , disgusted by the treatment she received
from Carci , transferred her attaclimcnt to Ximeno . Cam treated the lady with so much severity that the magistrate was obliged to interpose his paternal authority to restore peace and effect reconciliation between them . Challenges were frequently interchanged and accepted between Carci and Ximeno , but the kind and judicious intervention of their mutual friends always prevented their crossing their swords . At length Manuela completely abandoned Carci , and lived in the closest intimacy with his rival . This was two much for Carci . to bear ; and seeing them one evening in June walking together in the Place Royale , he hastened home , disguised himself in one of the dresses of his theatre , and . jrnin . o- nnfc
• again , overtook them under the arcade of the Rue Bab-ei-Oucd . Stealing behind them , he first plunged a kmfe deep jmo the side of Ximeno , and then stabbed Manuela in the breast . In the murderous act his disguise partly fell off , and he was recognised , not only by his victims , but by others also . Ximeno ' a WOlind Was deep , ftlld he expired of it very shortly ; but that of Manuela was slight and did not put her lite in any danger . Carci , having more fear of the officers of Justice than of the wild Arabs , fled on foot to Oran , where he found a SnMis ^ iveffleJ ^ -anxl prevailed upon its commander « W / C % | MtoiwK Gibraltar . Being , however , withwfj ^« j ]^ g | JBK "\ sistence , he was , according to theWi ^^ suTefibrt ^> v > sistence , he was , according to th » rfajM » u ^ mrt * fi ^ !
jiq rock , refused an asylum upon it , ^ SP ^ WIffA ^ feeK ;^/ - * i »? another , but . in what region iS ^ pi ^ SS 1 own country is closed against lMESe % e « NK ^ * l £ fc probably , remains ignorant tlf tpjiMffiMAQ > H Algiers has , in default of his vS ^ W ^ SSSJm ** S himself , passed sentence of deatl ^ fflS ^ pu « srf | g .
Agimtltuit Attii Sorttniitmre *
agimtltuit attii Sorttniitmre *
Address Of The Poor's Protecting Society To The Inhabitants Of Paisley, And Scotland Generally.
ADDRESS OF THE POOR'S PROTECTING SOCIETY TO THE INHABITANTS OF PAISLEY , AND SCOTLAND GENERALLY .
Untitled Article
Optobes 25 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 _
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 25, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1338/page/7/
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