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at the station oi tne Fatal Railway AccinEsrs.—About five o'clock on Friday morning week a melancholy accident occurred
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jfijitto $itfeUtgem^
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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' to THE WORIO ^ CLASSES ; ; > . - . Si' tbfmcmoiy of the oBest . jaas ,. more fitting SSSS P it ..:-A Portion ^ each letter fSe addressed to you ; -an * a portion -of every ^ We nbde to yon ^ t ^ L ^ lm bcn ^ d in a coinpanson between % ^ ue of free vLnr and of slave labb ^; aid ' . Iiave pjnnted ou ' t . to ^^ f orciUy thefaet , tkatwhUeniMona of people h » allowed to remain in a state of terrible ignorance S a question Tfhicli , Jn JtseiF , . inyolyes ,, if ; not a tri i ^ g « i a command over all ; other trades in tlie ^ . ^^« S «^ :=-:- ; V ¦ ;;)¦; . ' in t
1 have sbo * y ° *^ * ^ e ^ ^ P corona of earth , that while the Land Applies every-^ T ff ^ t yon see , everything tha $ you . wear , every-V > flatjw » « nsume , andeverythingthat minis- ' r ! . yoa ' com&rt—nay / thatkeeps you alive / ych £ you are ^ olly igndknt of tteSe ^ facfcj . ; God Snows I-mafertoofc iio small tast when I '«» 3 ayed to t-jjract too upon so heavy ^ so foreign , and s ' o ' comfficatcdasubject . It / was , to you , " not only ainew science , but whatis wrymuchworsei it was onemade v . erj repul sive , in conseqaenceof ^ iej great ignoranceof jie fanning classes , by whose slovenly operations tlie w ogress of the science jras vef ^ much retarded . This is , then , not only a fitting ? time , but the very tune , to mallet the value of t&iLand into your head 3 . We are nowithreatened ^ tli famine . The
present spnrions mode .. of ttvin g ^ of . the butterfly tlass , and thepo ^ aon of a sufficient portion of food for a shpxtperiod , by the industrious class , may prevent you , for the present / fromtaking the whole question into consideratiM ' ;; but , ' ^ the railway bobble bursts , and aS'ihe seaniy supply of . food grovrs less and less , and when that scanty resejrre is rai $ ea bj speculators " " T | iffiiftfeWU ^^ lCi . jr * ' ^ ' ^^ i ^^ " iriH ii ^ fflPfr ^^ . i aiJ ^ B isJi ^ i ^ iinpossible to- ' AsSiinfe'lne ' iluhiber of idlers thatare now cngagedin the severalbubble > ite * eolations that are afloat , and all . of , idiom will . be cast back upon society- as soon ' as" tlf < rb 1 ib'ble '' bnrsts . These parties , like yourselves , are now living from
Land to month " , an evil which I have , ever- described £ 5 the greatest that can befal a people—an evil which must continue to exist as long as you work for money wages ; an evil which , must be considerably augmented by : the circumstance of the idlers who < nen the soil having an interest in purchasing your labour cheap ,, and the . power to make laws to compel jou to selMt at what price they choose to offer you , crtomake l ypu starve . ' If Icouidbnng . myself to rejoice in so great a national "calaniiiy as that which must lead to famine / or to . war , I would say / welcome plague , pestUeneeVor-fainlne ; welcome war , ; welcome aiTtiiing that will openthe ' eyes of the * survivqrsj acd teach them . how to . prevent a recurrence of those visitations which affect the industrious * alone . .
3 fo monarch who reigns for OUPt , GOOD , ar id shose title to reign is . by . " right divine -: " -no prin . ee , bo peer ; no squire , no bishpp ,, no parson , no labour aionger , no soldier , no sailor , no pensioner , no placeman , no policeman , will Titarve ; however short the amoantofprovisioigaay be . ' Why , then , should those who pay them ail , and upon whose labour they grow rich , slave andstarvej . let that question be answered and the answer would be found to be , because ; the people have no control over that which , produces
food , and no voice in the making of those laws which regulate the price of labour . No man with two acres Of land , or with one acre of land for the fair value , ¦ prill starve , hqweyer . great the famine maybe ; and for thuj % aEon that the failure of the potatoe crop , or any . other crop , would be- diminished by the substitution of other foodJ Aidfew ; men put all their eggs into one basket , or devote all their land to one purpose ;¦ although I shall , presently , furnish you with such an example ., ~ .. l ¦ " . ¦ ¦ - . ; .
The reason ; ofthis-B , that if the failure of any crop should render hisproduce of the jeaj . insufficient for Ms support for tijiejrear , ^ position as a free la bourer will allow him to ' spMd . ifie calamity of . one season over Bioreextensive-tuaej 4 > y enabling Mm fo receive such credit as will ^ afe ^ . up for the deficiency . Eence we find , that if a man pays £ 5 a-year for the wenpation of two acres of land , le is in better cireumslances , k irying < times , than : the man-yho ^ vie * employed / ffiay ' e ^ nS ^ rof ^^ e ek , but whose employment depends upon the caprice of another . The Land , then , is our legitimate
speculation at the present time , and js , I think , disiinguishedin its character from all other speculations by the fact , that while thousands who have been lured by the hope of gain are sow trembling npon the T € rvbrinkofdestruetion , ourfundsarenp-husbanded , ad bearing an interest ef 2 § -per cent ., ready , when fitting opportunity presents , itself , to be appropriated , uittiiiU deduction , to the purposes for which it was raised . In one of my letters frojaj abroad , I stated iiat the English labouring classes could now devote themselves to agricultural pursuits under more favourable auspices than the people of any other country in the world : and now HI tell you why . \
Firstly—Grass Land , thatis , Land that hasnot been broken up for many years , is the moBt valuable description of Laud , not that grass is the most valuable crop , but because the longer land is kept in grass the r . ronger , the richer , the more productive , and Taluableit becomes . It is its time of rest ; and old pass land is to land that has been constantly culti vated , what the able-bodied vigorous man , in the prime of life , is to the helpless veteran , who has been broken down by hard toil and bad usage . There is t&en more of this maiden rich soil in England than is to be found in any country in Europe according to their respective dimensions . This anomaly is aeonsequence of the landlords imposing a condition upon their tenants that they shall only cultivate so many « res , leaving the remainder in grass .
The second reason is , that in all other countries in Europe the surplusof produce after consumption sells much cheaper , and is worth much less than the same jrodueeis worth in England . . This arises from our tystem of taxation , which raises every article , even Hxraritself , to a fictitious standard , thus—if English labourers reeeive a large am onnt of money wages , ] it Is regulated by that scale of taxation which compels them to give more money for everything they consome . The produce , then , after consumption , of two acres la England , would be worth more than double
the amount that the same quantity of produce would fetcji in mostother countries . Yes , says the political economist , but the value of that surplus also has but a fictitious value , andmust be reduced to the proper itandard by the fiction scale . It is no " such , thing , ad now fora "great fact "—a greater fact than the Corn Law League—thefact that an Englishman pay ing £ 5 a-year for two acres of Land and a house IS KOT TAXED AT ALL—that is , he is not taxed except by himself , while , at the same timei'in consequence oi oar system of taxation , those who' deal with iim give him the taxed pricefor ' hia produce . :
Let me be perfectly understood . I may be asked if tithe and poor-rates are not to be paid by the lolder of two acres . They are , but are a mere flea-¦ iite—an amount . which would be more than made up iy the additional taxed price of- a sack of potatoes , a quarter of wheat , or % small pig . - Furthermore , " the tithe , poor-rates , and all other taxes paid upon ' land in addition to the rent , will hot bring it up to one half the amount paid in other countries for Land not near as good . " 3 fow , I beg my readers-to understand me dearly , - as I mean precisely what I have lieen preaching to them for flurteen jearijxajtiely
that if they were wise , and did their own work ^ thjey iBayturn thefollies and injustice of their : rulers to ; profit . Here , then ^ I diow them that the folly of ; -landlords in keeping their ^ ^ Land in grass -while popii-. Nation daily presBes . upon lie means of support , and-\ eieQ : the injustice of . taxation , may be turned to profit ; In a -word , - then ,, the man in England who * jjas two acres of Land for eTer need « nly pay a -rery -trifling camountiol : taxation , { simp ly : w . lia . t I . have Stated ) , and the small duty on leather j while ; in ebn seUnence of taxation , he will get-BpuBle thb ; amonnVfor Ks surplus that those of the Bam ; e class . a £ » a 4 $ anff t ' - - • ' ¦ <" ' ' ¦
' - 'Ism tery particular in flius contrasting English ' agricuitorisfa witii ; tt « Beof other OTuntees ; and for ^ s Y& 7 ^ sSnple reason because ffiej&pnquraHe and j ^^ ndBaptist Noet aod tiie oth er Malthusians , lave told us Hist manufaeturing » -&e naturai irori
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of'Erigiishmen , and agriculture the natural work of the people of all other countries . . Ityw irreverent ) how blasphemous ! Behold , the . picture that I have often presented to you is" sow dully before you—a famine in England" the natural Wnseguenee of which is that Englishmen are , to a frightful extent , at the mercy of the governments of foreiga countries , whereas , if allowed to cultivate their own resources , she ^ wonld be independent of their caprice .: ; Ii ? ill now / State for you " a still greater advanceH ] i « it Englishmen , who sow become small farnjei-sj ^ Aye over the same class in other countries . Firstly ., * we learn thousands of instances daily where' € h ' e' small possessor furnishes a praciicsl example of improvement to the slugglish old farmer , while none of them
tread in his beaten plough-track . The Land abroad is subdivided and tilled , but without any . science . Enormous rents arc paid by great drudgery ^ and bad tenure is provided againsfcljy great economy , which ends In purchase . Our Association , then , will haye theadvantageof certainty of tenure , and the lighi of newseience ; but yet a greater advantage remains to be ; iold . - _ Throiighont the ' . whole Continent of Europe , except upon the ; jside " or sumnutj of thij ^ rjng Alps , where eacli kt ^ . c ^ agens ^ ^^ betiiedirect inheritorjKaajfiftd . MwJIfi ^''®^" l ^^ jy g ^^ y WIi ^ ^ BW ^ ntsr Hliere ' iea ^ y such a tiling ' as a resident fariningi class .
The holdere of acres , of half ; acres , . of two acres , three acres , four aereB , or five . acres , seldom have habitations contiguous to their holdings ; 'They live in ; villages , and even in large towns- ^ some at . a distance of ihree , four , and even five miles from the Land . they cultivate .. . Even in : Belgium , . where the small farm system exists to a great extent , the cotr tager , for the inostTart ^' Uyra at a considerable distance fronj Ms' Xaiad . This , as I stated m one of my letters . from that country ,.. i 3 . a consequesce of a greater desire to possess a habitation from which the occupant cannot be ousted , than even the Land in the first instance . : . ' " ' ¦
- Now ,. In our 'Association , -ihe " cottage would be on theLand ; . ; and I would rather give , £ § a year for twaacres . of Land with a cottage npon it , thari have it for nothing , if I was obliged to live even one mile from it ,. fbr l&ir irfmind that ' not only the residence , but the farm buildings ;; are three , four , and five miles distant . from the land : "Tiiis is the greatest advantageofall , ; Vand now 1 : will , mention ; to you : the cafee of a general failure where . one of olir memberspiii all his eigs in one basket .: ' John Milward , who holds two shares in our 'Association , ireoently bought tour acres of good Land , within . twenty-three ihilesof London ' , for ijwhich he paid ~ Mbi N « w , mkrk ; £ 18 15 s . is the purchase-price at whiph I stated good Land could be'T > ought , a > d . I yuA . laughed at . But
if you will-take the trouble to calculate you will find that : £ 7 ^ fb ? f ( rar actes is exactly £ 18 los . an acre . He ^ pianted the whole four acres with potatoes this year , and was offered' £ 100 for them when planiej , from which . deduct " £ 25 for expense , ( and ; toind that the manure - and labourj" which constituted nearly all the expense , were still in the ground , and of which he would-have the fntufe benefit , ) biit deduct £ 25 from' the ^ lOO , and ; you . find that he would have the ground for ever for NOTHING after qne crop . The potatoes' have' all failed ,, and are now jiot worth a . pound ; -but that proves nothing , : \ a such alailureis ^ notupon record ; while , upon " the other hand , if the crop had not failed the produce wouW havebeenworlh £ 200 . ¦ ' s ' '
For thepi « sent l need-say no more than to refer you to the glorious position in which our National Regeneration Association stands , and to my account ; as Deputy-Treasurer from the time I last settled up , ; to . ; the . period that the Post-office orders have been signed , by the Treasurer . " . . V v- ~ My friends , —I have never deceived-you ; and now , mark my words , the day of our power is fast approaching i keep " your eye "ifixed steadily upon the thing that-feeds you ; the thing that ; will give you a Trote ; the thing that will give you a constitution and institutions , under which I hope andtrust in God to see you one day happy , flourishing , contented , and at rest . ¦ ; Ever your faithful friend and servant , ¦ ' ¦ ' ' Fjsargcs O'Consoe .
P . S . I wish most sincerely that every man who is in doubt upon the subject , or who wishes to receive practical knowledge , would read my practical work on Small Farms . I have the more pleasure in re commending it , because I have , sold the copyright , and have no earthly interest in its sale beyond that nf serving you . Agents may be supplied through lift Heywood , Mr . Cleave , Air . Hetherington , or by sending their orders to the' Norifiern Star office , 16 ; . Great "Windmill-street ; London . Since the above w ^ s written , I offered John Milward £ 130 forhisfour acres , but he refused it . It was not for the Association , but formygelf . . ¦¦¦ - F . O'C .
At The Station Oi Tne Fatal Railway Accinesrs.—About Five O'Clock On Friday Morning Week A Melancholy Accident Occurred
at the station oi tne Fatal Railway AccinEsrs . —About five o ' clock on Friday morning week a melancholy accident occurred
Kiiwiuing Ayrsnire jtiauway , whereby , we-regret-to addj-aporter ,- named Henry Murray , lost his life . The deceased , who had been assisting in pushing forward two trucks , to attach them to the luggage traia . from Ayr , . incautiously attempted to do so when they were still in motion , whereby he was so severely bruised that he died aboutone . o'dockintheafternoon . Tle ~ wais asober ,, industrious man , and has left a widow and ' small family . —About two o ' clock on the same day a boy , named Morrison , belonging to Irvine , had , without the knowledge of the servants of the company , and contrary to their rules , got upon a luggage-truck , from whence he was removed by one of the porters ; but , having again climbed up unperceived by . the servants , who were pushing forward 'the trucks with their heads down at the time , fell bet ween the two trucks , and was killed on the spot . ..-..:.. > ¦¦
E-XTRAOKMSART StJICmE BT A" YoUXO GlRt .-T-On Monday Mr . Bedford held an inquest at . the Rising Sun , Charles-street , Grosyenor-sauare , on the'body of Ann Goundry , aged twelve years . Mrs . Ann North , of 22 , Lisson-street , Edgeware-road , said that the diseased was her grand-daughter . She had lived with witness during the past two months , and been seen by her mother during that period every day . On Wednesday last she took some lump sugar which she ought not , for which witness scolded her ; but did not strike her . She went to bed the same night about the usual hour , and got ' up between seven and eightthefollowingmorning . Shortlyafter dressing herself , she went out , and was not seen afterwards by witness . She has - a father , who is a
steam engine maker , but ho has absconded from hi 8 family * and has not been seen during the last two years . The deceased was Very sullen and unforgiving . EmmaNorthya daughter of the last witness , saidthaton the night of Wednesday last thedeceised slept with witness : - She had retired to bed previous to witness , and on her awaking the following morning she appeared very cheerful ; and conversed , with her brother , who slept in the same room , ; about 'the -performance at one " of the theatres / About half an lour-after she gotup , witness saw her standing on the step of the" streetdoor ^ and shortly afterwardsshe missed W : James Gulliver , one of the gatekeepers of Kensington Gardens , said that ot f the mbrmng ^ of Tfiursdav last he received information that the
de-. ceawd had thrown " herself'into thewater : He' un' mediJitely despatched " intelligence to ^ thfe- . Royal ! HTimane : Society ' s receiving house .., A , man told witness that he had seen the " . deceased fljalk sjome distance into the river ^ then return , ' and aftetwards ¦ widk back again , and fall into the water and . disap pear . Charles Pulleh , one of the boatmen to . the Kbyillluniane Society , was ori the Serpentine River , in a boat , on ThursdayTnorning last , ' when he saw the'deceased sitting oh ' aseat , without a "bonnet or shawl . - " He asked her * hat auW 'did'there ; arid she
replied that she was lookintrfor her bonnet apdahawl , which die h ^ a lost . She iflierwards walked'iway very quickly ^ in the direction of Kensington . About ten o'clock the same morning , Mr . Superintendent Wiihams , and witness , from information they received , went and dragged the river , and after a search oi twenty minutes they found the Tjody , - which was taken to fee re « iving-house , ai ? d placed inAwarm bath , and everyflung done that could be devised , but without avail , life being extinct . .. The : coroner remarked upon the extraordinary nature of-the case , and the Jury returned a verdiet of " Temporary mental derangement . " •« - « -
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————— . ¦ ^—— ——— i ¦—* . ' ' l ^ HE STATE X ) F . GERMANY . ¦ . ' : '"' ' -. ¦ . . . .. . .- ; - , LETTEBJI .. .- • - : ¦< 10 THE ED 1 I 0 E 0 P , THE XOI \ IBERS STAR . S ' Dbak Sir , —Having , in my first letter described the state of Germany before and during the French Revolution , as well as during the reign of Napoleon ; having related h ' ow'the " great conqueror was overthrown , and by what partieSj 'I now resume the thread of my narrative to show what Germany nia'de * . of herself after this'' glorous restoration of national independence . - ' - .. .- ¦ •¦• -: ; v .. i- ^ a .:- ¦ ; : . The view 1 took of alTthese events was " diametrically opposed to that in which they generally are j-epresented ; but my-vicw is , to a letter , "( ionnrnied . ¦ Jby . the events of 4 he following period of -German ; history . Had tlie war against iVapoleos ' ' really heeni a war of . liberty against despotism ; the consequence would have beenthat all those nations which
Napo-, leon has subdued , would , after his downfall , ' have * proclaimed the principles , artd < mjeyedi the blessings of equality . But quite the contrary was the case . With England , the . war had been commenced by the frightened aristocracy , . and supported by thenioney . - ocraey , who found a source « £ immense profit -in the repeated -loans , ' and . the : swelling of- the iNational Debt . ; . inthe opportunity afforded thenv to enter into . the . South American markets ; - -to . cram them , witl , ' thejf ^ . own . manufacture ^ ,. and to ,, conqueri -. such Frencfl | SpanishVand ' liutch " cgloni ? 8 as they . -thojugttt ^ i-operr' for -thy ¦ 'better ' ' filling '; dr tHelr " ptij ^ esi ?; m , jn al * ' ^ "Bfitaiinia ' rule" the waves " - -despotic , tliatvthey ; ihiglit harass to their heart ' s pleasure the trade of any other nation , 'whose competition ^ threatenei ] to endanger t } i , e . progress : O | " their own en ^ Ijchmeiit ; anjl . lastly , ' to '" assert th " eii ' . rjgiit . of making enornioji ' s p . ro { its ,. by providhig . lheEurop . ean markets , in opposition . trfNap ' oleon ' s continental system .. Such
were tlie . vetd ;« ause 9 " of . ' theliiijj ' -wai 1 . on . tlie . pai't o those . c !« isseS ; in . ' whose Jiandg . the Goyernment ; of England' wiiVthen " deposited ; jyad as to . the pretext , that the fpndamtntai ' priii . eiiples' of . the . English £ 3 onstitutiph were fenaangered ; . byilie French-Revolution , it only shows what a jirecious . piece of . workmanship tin ' s' " p erfecfio ^ ' of huniari reasoH" must have been . As to Spain ; tlie " wai' -Bad" commenced , in defence , oi the-prineipleof legitimalie succession ; and of the inquisitorial despotisniiOftthe priesthood . The prinr . ci p les of the constitution of W 12 , was . introduced later , in " order to'glVe'iihe ' people ' some" inducement to con _ - tinue the-Btruggle , "being themklvts ^ of Fren ' ch ' origiii . Italy , never ^ was opposed to Napoleon , having received nothing but benefits from-his hands , " and ' -having to thank him for . her very existence as a nation . The same was the case with Poland . What Germany was indebted for ta" Napoleon I" have related in my first letter . - ¦ . - ¦ - . / - - ' : •• : . ¦¦ - . ¦ » .. . ¦¦ ^ .- "' i :-.. ^ .
:: By all and eaoh of-the victoriou ' s pdwersWe'downfal . of jNafoixccs was ; considered as the destfiiction of the \ French . Revolution ; and the triumph of legitiniacy .. - The consequences -were , of- coursej the Wstoration of this principle at home , ' first under the disguise of such sentimentalities as " holy alliance , " " eternal-peace / ' " pulie weal , " •• 'Confidence betweenprince . and . subjectr , " &c ., &c , afterwardsun-. disguiaed . by : the bayonet-and the dungeon ;' The impotency . of . the . conquerors was ; sufiiciently shown . by : this one . factv-that , after all ; the vanquished j ' renoh , people ,. with a hated dynasty s forceu upon
them ,,: and . maintained by 150 , 000 foreign inuskets , yet inspired such , T , we in the breasts of their victoribus ' en ' emies , that they got a tolerably liberal constitution , whilethe other" nations ; with all their : exertions , and-all theii * boasting of liberty ; got' nothing but fine words first , and-hard'huUets ^ afterwards . ¦ The ^ putting down of-the French Revolution- was celebratedhy the massacres of Republicans jh the south-of France ; by _ - ^ t he blaze of the ; inquisitorial pilcand the restoration of native despotism iii Spain and ? Italy , and by the gagging-bills and " Petejrloo !? in : England ; ; We shall now see that iri Germany things took a = sunilar-course . ' ¦ ' ' ' '' ! " - ' ' .:
; ... The . KingdontofcPrussia was the first of-all ; Ger-r man states Jo declare , war against Napoleon .- It was then governed iby Fee ' derick ¦ William IIJ . ^ nickr named- "The JasV ' oiie . of . thegreatest blocKlieads that ever graced a throned Bointb M a " cOT ' poral and to inspect the : button ^ fljf . an army ; dissolute ; ' witho ut passion , aHdamorality-. mongerat theisametimei un-, able to speak qtherjjjsebut in the infinite tense , ' surpassed only ^ by ^ fiisBon-as a writer ; of proclamations ; he knew only twp ? eeUngsr-fear , < ind corporal-like imperiousneBS . IJuring the first half of his reign his predominafh ^ . atete . ofOTnd was the fear of K ^ por iki ^ iiho * tre ' awJ Kni ^ witiffte' ' geh ' e ' rpsity . ' of contempt in giving him back half his kingdom , which he did not think-worth the-keeping . —• It- was 'this
fear which led him to allow , a party of-half-and-half refoiin ' ers" to govern in liia stead , Hardesbeiio , Stbein , Schonj-Scharnhorsx , &c , who introduced a . more liberal organisation of mupicipalities , abolition of seryitude , commutation of feudal services into rent , " or a fixed sum of twenty-fiye years , purchase , and above all , the military organisation , which gives the people a tremendous , power , andwhichsome time or other will be used against the . Government . They also " prepared" a constitution which , however , has . not yet made its appearance . We shall soon see what turn the affairs of Prussia took after the putting clown of . the . French Revolution . The "Corsican monster" being got into safe custody , there was immediately a great congress of ' great and petty despots held at Vienna , in order to divide the
booty and the prize-money , and to-see how far the anti-revolutionary . state of thinga could be restored . Nations were bought and sold , divided and united , just as it best suited the interests and purposes of their rulers . There , were only three States present who knew what they were about—England , intending to keep up and extend her commercial supremacy , to retain the lion ' s Bhare but of the colonial plunder , and to weaken all the remainder—France , not to suffer too much ^ an d weaken all others—Russia , to get increase of strength and territory , and . to weaken all othere ; the remainder . were directed by sentimentalities , petty egotism , and some of them even by a sort of ridiculous disinterestedness . The consequence was , that France spoiled the job for , jhe great German States j that Russia got the best part
of Poland ; and England , extended her maritime power more by the peace than by the war , and obtained the superiority in all continental markets—oi ' no use for the English people , but means of enormous , enrichment : to the English- middle classes . The German states , who thought of nothing but ' of their , darling principle of legitimacy , were-cheated once more , and lost by the peace everything they had won by the war . Germany remained split up-into thirty-eight states , whose divisions hinders all internal progress , and makes France more thaifa match for her ; and who continuing the best market for English manufactures , served only to enrich the English middle classes . It is all well for this , section of the English people to boast of the generosity , which prompted them to send ' enormous sums of money
to keep up the v / dt against Napoleon ; but , if we even suppose that it was them , and hot the working people , who in reality had to pay these subsidiesthey only intended , by their generosity , . to re-operi the continental markets , and in this they succeeded so well that the . profits they have drawn : since the peace , from Germany alone , wouhLrepay those sums at least , six times over . It is really middle class ge nero » 'ty which first makes yen a . present in the shape of subsidies , and afterwards makeB you repay it six-fold in the shape of profite . Would they have been io eager to pay those subsidies , if at the end of tlie war , the reverse had been likely to be the case , and England been inundated with German manufactures , instead of Germany being kept in manufacturing bondage by a few English capitalists ? . ¦¦ - .: and
However , Germany was cheated on all hands , mostly by her own so called friends and allies . ' This I should not much , care for myself , as I know very well that we are . approaching to a re-organfeation of European society , which will prevent' such tricks on the one hand , and such jmbeoilities on the other ; what X want to show is , first , that neither the English people , nor any other people profitted by cheating the . German despots , but that it all was for the benefit of other . despots ; or of one particular class , whose interest 1 s opposed tothe-peopleLano second , that the very first actef tlie German restored despots showed their thorough * incapacity , Wenow turn to the hbm ' e _ afiajrs * of Gerinany . ' ., " ; " WehayeBpen who were the parties that , w , ith the aid of . English money and Russian barbarism , : # p » t down the . F , renchReyoiution . They were divided into , two sections ; first , the violent partisans ot ,- . oW " Christian Germanic" Rocietv . the peasantry , ana
the enthusiastic youth , who were , impelled by ; he fanaticism of servitude , of nationality , fit le | itimacy and religion ; and second , the more sober middle class men , who " wished ' to be let alone , td-maketoon ' ey and to spend' it without being bothered with the impudent interference ^ of-great iistorical-events .- The latter ' party Were" satisfied as soon as theyhad obtained the peate thetight to boy ; in -the cheapest marketyto drink coffee Without admixture of chicory , and tol be excluded Eromallpoliticalaffairs . The " ChristianGermanics , ¦ however * nowib 8 ( ame'th * activB . 80 i > pofter » 'bfthe xeatored governmenig ^ andKdidMsveiythiug in their power to : / screw . history back to . W 89 . ' vAs ^ to those who wished to see the people enjoy some of the fruits of their exertions , they had been strong enough to m&B _ : &m . Watchwords . , the , battle , ery ; of , 1 ^ but . not . ge , practice of 1815 . They got- ' some fine' promises ' of - cohatifiitidnsf ire ' e p ' re& , '" 4 c .. and that was all ; in practice everything" Vaa
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carefully , left as U had been previously . ' The ^ Frenehified parts . pf Gepiany , were purged , asXar | flSpessible , 4 iiom the . traces of .. " foreign deepotism , " and those Koyinces qnly ; which were situated on : the left ? pl- ^ « ' ^" ^ ( i'e . taiaed . their French . institutions . rhe ^ Elector of , JEJcsse went so for as to restore even ihe : &g ? tqMofhis toldim , which had been cut off by tlie inipious handsiof tire . French .-. Jn short , Ger ; njany . ; as > vell as . eveiy ; oiher , country , offered the picture of ; a ghaineleBs : reaction which was , only'dis-: tingiHshed , by , a character , of timidity and / . weakness ; l . tttlU npt : CTen elevaie i . tsoll' to -that- degree of energy with which revolutionary principles : weve-. combated in Italy ,. Spain ,. Eranoe , « 'ind England .- ' . ¦ ¦¦ •• ¦•; Ih ' e cheating . system to which : Geimany had-been
' Bubjected at the Congress of VJEenna , iiow comnienetd to . be practiced between the diiGferen ' t German states themselves . " Prussia and Austria , in order to weaken the , power of the . ' ' different' states , forced them to give , " some sort of ^ mongrel con ' st ^ tjitions , which weakened die governments , anil without impartingany . po \ v 0 r : to th ' ppeople , oreyen . themiddle classes . Germany . ' . be ; ini ;;' . cpnstitiited acoii ^ deracy of ' states ; , ¦ v # ho 6 e ; eml ) a 8 sies , sent by tlie governments albrie , lortned the " diet : there was no risk' tljat tlie people , toignt be ' eome too sirohg . as every state was ^ nnd'b ' y tne ^ solutions of the diet , ' . wijich . were law ^ Kr all Gffl ^ n ^ . " withquVoeii ) ig subject to " the appSlS ^ lItSSvi #£
nuccr-ftbsoluteJy ; they only had to . threaten the lesser princes , to- abandon , them in tlieii- " struggle with , their ^ representative '' assemblies , iij order-to 'frighten \ themiMo implicit . obedience , ' . By these : means ; by tlieii ; 1 p ' verwhelming power ) ' and by their being tlie true reDresentati y , es of that prjncijjle irpm wlilch every . Gernian prince fleriye ' s jiii . s' power , . they hjive m " ad 6 JheniselYes . " tlift absdlu't p iiilers ' . bf Ger'ihany . - / Whatfeyer rtay pbe ab ' ne in . tliel ' siriall' states is without" any , . effect . in' ; . prac , tice ., ; Th ' e . struggles- of the liberal . middle , classes of ; Gei-many ' remaine . d fniitlesS aSloiig ds they ' w ^ e coi ^ ned ^ the ' siriallpr ; southern states ' ;; 'they b ;? ca ^ 6 ( ; ih ] pbv . taht " as ';' soon as the mYddle clns ' sesof PiTOsia \ t-er . e aroused' from their 'letbargyi \' 'And' | as ^; e \ AustlBfin ; people ^ can ! lijitdly . b { e
said to belong to tne ciyinsed world ,. and , in consequcnce , ' subinit quietly to . their paternal despptism , thei ' e ^ ate which may be ^ taken as ^ ^ the centre of , . German modern history , as the'b ' aronieter bi the movements oi-public-opinion r i 9-Prussia-. ¦ j . ' After the downfall of- Napoleon , the Ki » g . of Prussia spent sonicTof his" happiest years . He was cheated ,- it is true ; on every ; hand .: Englan'd cheated him ; France cheated ' : him ; his own dear friends , the Emperors of . Austria and Russia , cheated him pyer . jirid over . again * bijt .-he ,, in : the ^ fulness of his heart ) did not even find it out ; he could not think pf the ppssibil | ts _ ofl there being any such . scoundrels" in the world who could cheat I * BKpEKiOk William ^ 11 ., '' th ^ . Jus ^" I . He was . happy . -. Napoleon wasjoyertliro ' wn .. He had no fear .: He pressed , the Article
13 tii of ' the . iFundamental Federative Act of ; Germany ; which prOTnisedia ^ constitUtioii : for every stato ^ Ile presseilthe otiier article about' the liberty of the press . ' ;; Nay ,, on , ih ' 622 nd : ; pf May , 1815 , he-issued a proclamation commencing with these wordsr-wpids in wliich . his benevolent happiness .: iwas . beautifully blended withhis corporaWikeimperionsness- - " Thm shallb ' e areprettntatichiof'tlie ixo ^ UV \ ' He went on to order thata ' commissifin . shpuld be . named ., to prepare a / constituioVlor hislpepple ; and eveniii 1819 , . when : there had'Been . revplutio . naiy , symptoms in Prussia , when fe-actibn ! was . rifesb all over Europe , andiwhen the glorious fruitof the Congresses was in its ^ full . blossom ; even then lie'declaredi ; tha't , :: in ^ future , no public loan should be contracted without the assent of ihe future representative , assemblies of the
kingdom . , ,... . ¦ ¦ ,-f . .-. .. - .. , ¦ ¦ ' . ,-,. - .:.-.. -. ' ¦ '•' "Alkf ! this happy . time , djd' not . last . _ The fear of NipoLEdM ' . but ' too soon replaced , in the king ' s jnind ' by ike fearjof the revolution . ' , But of that in myriext . " " , " ¦" . " . '" . ' . " ' . ... ' . ; . ' ¦ . .- •¦ ..,-: "I have only one word to . addi Whenever , in English 'democratic meetings , the . ' . ' patriotsojf . all . countries' ^ afe toasted , Andreas Hofer is sure to be amongst themr'Niw , ' after ' whAt" I . ha . ye said « n the enemies of Napoleon in Germany , ' ls ^ IIbfer's name worthy to be cheered by democrats ? ' ; Hofcr was a ; stupid , ignorant ; - big ^ tted / fanatical peasant , whose * . ^ rithusiasm ' , was that of La Veridcu , that ^ f ' CliuV eh an ' d-Emperor . " He fought bravely—but ^ a did the Vendeans against thellepublicaos .:. 'He fought for the paternal ] desr # Ha ^
fot ^ he > sm ^ & 0 $ 1 : tpaffi ? p ^ pk ; l leavethaWgotwit $ f'tlifequestion'infuture . Ger-. many h ' as better patriots than him . Why sot mention . Thomas . Munzer , the . glorious chief ' of the peasantry insurrection of 1545 , who was ' a real democrat , as- far as' possible , at that time ? Why j not glorify 'George Forster , the . German ! Tiiomas Paine , who supported , the Frencli Revolution inParisup to the last , in opposition to all . his countrymen , and died on the scaftold ? .. Why not a host of others ; who fought for realities , and not for delusions ? ' ' r . :, I am , dear Sir , yours respectfully , . . . ! . Your Germ an-Correspondent .
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, . . . . FRANCE . -- ; . ' : A letter from . Marseilles , of the 27 th , states that the Herculaneum . has distmbarked in that city 34 individuals implicated in the last troubles in Homagna . The whole number-that had arrived there was , the letter states , . 96 . ¦ ; ¦
SPAIN . • ' •¦ The following is from the correspondent of the Timet : ~ ¦ - ¦ - '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦•¦¦¦¦ - Madrid , Oct . 26 . —I mentioned some time since the probability there was , that at the approach of the elections ; municipa , l and for the Cortes , more than one ' conspiracy would bediscovered by some very sharp-sighted Political Chiefs , or n few acute Captains-General . My anticipations have been in part realised . The Captain-General of Valencia ( Koncali ) has , it seems , discoveMd a'formidable conspiracy in that city , " and has commenced by arresting a few dozen unhappy Progresistas . It is a curious coincidence that these were persons who , it is supposed , would have taken a leading part in the elections .
The coincidence ' must ; of course , have been accidental ; but it is fortunate ^ nevertheless / as it re moves a number of troubleseme persons . Two persons were-discharged , and are now at liberty ; the others still remain in close custody , and are even hot allowed t 0 communicate with any one , notwithstanding that after the declarations being taken in the usual-way , and the evidence against them examined , the Judge of'First Instance presented himself to the Political Chief j and informed that zealous functionary that the charge of conspiracy should not be followed up , as there was no proof against the prisoners , and that consequently he ( the Political Chief ) was re ? sponsible for their detention ; . '
Barceloxa ; Oct . 27 . —The news from the mountain districts is of an alarming character . I ain creditably informed that many of the " Alcaldes " local magistrates ) of the principal towns have made official reports of their inability to carry into effect the orders of Qovernment . for carrying out the conscript system , and the levying of the new [ contributions ^ The young men are ' reported tq . 'be ' . again abandoning the towns ,. and are flying to the mountains . The second in coininarid , General Folgosio , whom' I mentioned in my last , went yesterday to Mataro , returned this mofning , and . immediately after his arrival the Captain-General , General
Bveten , ordered a strong column to be organised , consisting of 2 , 000 infantry , a squadron of cavalry and six pieces . of light mountain artillery , and he himself , accompanied , b y his staff , set out with this column for the mountain district . The departure of the Captain-General at such a critical juncture from the capital has increased ten-fold the excited state of the public mind , and everybody says that it'mu 3 t be very serious indications in the mountain districts that could have induced him , at this moment , to . leave 3 arcejiona , | and . weaken so considerably the garrison here . Several families are / it is said , preparing ^ o ^^ leay ^ the city , not thinking ^^ themselves secure from outbreaks with so , small a garrison as scarcely 4 , 000 reen , to which" it is now redutid ; .. ! l \
.. GERMANY . . , ... " , The Relioious MovEMEMts ' .--The ( Stjecffi publishes aletterfr ' om Berliin of the 25 th ' of October wtoh asserts tha $ "The Pmssian Government iij about to direct against thte ' new Catholie ' schiam the measures enforced against the ^ 'friends of Protestant retprm . ' Not only is 'it certam that the Abb 6 Rbhge will be handed ; oVer to the superior tribunal of Breslaw ^ but it is ; k 66 wh that the-presumptivie heir to thethi-one is actively engaged in arrestirig the developmeht of the doctr ines taught by the German Catholics , It is expectedthat this maybe accomplislied by means of the censorship oh thepress ; but it is riot probable
ihat'the . Government will succeed . ; As yet , at least , thefoUpwers ort ^ , ne ; w Qatholic church appeal'riot to . doubt of their right ,.-and . proceed , with , an air of assurance . .. On : the .. 23 rd the- , deputies , from the German' Catholic -communes of 'the provinces of SaxoriyV of Brandenburg ; and of Pomerania , who were , deputed to . | he ^ s ynbd bf BerlujtihWd ' aprepara-^ ry meeting . ^ ii'NjneiEeen , coi ^ ut ies were represented -. viziiBerlm , , P 6 Wam , " Spandau f Brahdehburg , Hauen , Halle , Rugpin . Genetien ^ Stettin , ' Erankforton-theiOder ; Stolpei"Cottbu 9 , . Neurugpin , * $ Morsei b ^ urg , < SMzyedel * , andMidhaus . eii ; '' Thfe deputies are twenty ^ sevehih ' numberi'bf whbm'five Sre ofergymen .
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^ MMMWVMMHMM ^ wii ^ MlMMiaiMMIllMMSlMIMM Theceveinon ' wl , ;' of thexapst simpWclisiTacter , having been / arranged at . the' iirepamtory meeting , the opening of the synod' ^ ook place at nine o ' clock on the ' morning of tlie 24 th . The phrish priest ( Brariner ) pronounced the opening 'discoursed The orator applied hinisen' to- " the ' examination' of whether our period was prepared for ' a religious' reform , lie declared ift the affirmative ' . ' The aspiration for a better religious form ; has been awakened in " us , " said the orator , ' and we have assembled here in order that this tendency should bear its fruits . The reform has been represented-as . xarephemersil idea , produced
in ihe-brttmsi bfsome young people , but there are ' too many grey -hairs . to be seep in this ' assembly for any one to doubt that ' reform is a seripiis and well considered movement . ' M . Braunerterminatedliisdiscourse by inviting Jill his colleagues to inculcate the principles of concord and ' moderation ., After a few words from M ; Galle , the president 'indicated the order in which the debates should proceed . . The statutes of the svnods of -Leipsic and , Breslau were adopted as the base of'the synod of ' Berlin . The debate was grave , and all' accounts agree in stating that the assembly proved itself to be penetrated with the importance of its mission . "
. . , . ... . ' . ITALY . ¦ : ¦ ,. -.., . : - . The .. tiugsl'iir g ¦ Gaaetteof the , 2 Sth > nlt . ' . contains letter ^ from ; RpmeiPfthel 8 tlij . which state tliat the jjeyplutibnary ,. party in ; . Italy . has-not by . any niean 8 ipjindqne ' d its . schemes , altliougli the' recent Jai ] we at Riiiiini : had in . some ; degree . discomfitted . them . On the 12 th an arnte . d vessel appeared , late in the even ? ing , at tlit mouth of the river Tronto , in the .-Adriatic , which is the boundary , between the Papal and Neapolitan states , and came so close to . the shore tli . at . the crew could ; be distinctly seen on deck . , The persons
on : board appear tq ' . h ' ave . ' expected to find , partizans on slioi-e ^ lor ' they ^ ifired' ' two guns as a . signal . No answer was ^ 'however , returned ; ,, and . after " 'lyihs to tiH ndar riio ' rhiijg '' took'its departurewithout ' having hadaiiy ' coinmuHicatibn ' with the shore . The vessel was " supposed to have cpine from Corfu ... Troops had been ' sent from Aseoli to prevent , future attepipts ; to discmbaj ?] : in the' same quarter .. Letters from Home , of the 2 lst ; ' giro a . report that ' another attempt was ma de to land belpw'the port oi Fernip , near St . ; Benedettrf , by two powerfully . anned " vessels .
: ¦ .- - ¦ ¦¦ - - ¦ ¦ ¦ ALGERIA ^ ¦ The ParisMoniteur of Monday contains asei'icsot despatches from the-French Generals commanding in Algeria . | ¦ ' ' ' : ' ¦ 'Fiom these despatches it appears that the indomitableEmir wasas active ,-energetic , and-ubiquitous as at any former period of his career ; ' With a formidable body of swift cavalry he is able to set at ; deifi ance the regular troops opposed to him , and to raise the popu ] ation . iu nearly -every" ( Jirection , " cdhtrivhig when menaced ¦ by a superior force of the French to effect ) in : every'instance / asafe ' and brilliant retreat . Thus , Abd-el-Kader is truly repi-eser ited in the despatelies of : the French officers as flying before them ; while in reality his great object-is gained by causing to them immense loss , 'not merely by the yatagan ( and ^ henever-declines an enga ^ cnienii when not outnumbered ) , but by disease . ¦ • ' ¦¦ ' ¦
A letter from Paris says , " It is impossible to withhold admiration from-this chivalrous Arab ; Neither would it be possible to withhold sympathy from 'the braye ' troops opposed to'him ; who perish-by hundreds of disease ,-were -their ; course not marked by a degree of ferocity that should not characterize the soldiers of a civilised nation .- 'General Lamoriciere ' appears , by his despatch , to wait-instructions ; lie had carried war and death into the revolted tribes , bxit had not yet been able to inflict upon the : Emir himself any serious injury . '•• ¦ •" ¦ '• - The Semaphore of Marseilles publishes the following fresh details of the campaign of General" Lamoriciere-in the mountains oi' the Travas ; communicated by an eye witness : — . ¦¦ •"• '
'" The troops in puysuitpf AbiVel-Kader preceeded with extreme activity towards the mountainous defiles in which the indefatigable Emir was encamped ; but as-soon flsihe latter was informed that the French troops were approaching ; he retreated , and left the tribes , whosefanaticism he had excited , t » the mercy , of our soldiers . ¦ We advanced under tlie ' lexcitemeufc .-produced by . the butchery of Djemm ' a ; . Ghazaouty ¦ . f ^ and . of ; the lamentable event of Airi Temeucheui' ; Dui 5 bg ^ i « ur-ibivouae , ' ' w ^ viien-vwe Kdlted , we cunstantly . feferred to those events , determined to take such a satisfaction as would long be remembered by the Arabs . ' The army reached a mass of Arabs , who , ' surprised in a ravine and struck with terror , made signs , that they . ; would surrender ; but our soldiers charged them , and 300 dead bodies speedily filled the ravine . "
And yet the writer has just referred tothe lamentable event of Ain Tembucheu ,. where 200 "French soldiers surrendered to the Arabs , and . of whom ; not a man was even insulted . ' ' . ' . ' . ' ,. ' '' . " The report of this first and necessary chastisement caused the presumption of the Arabs to give place . to fear . Having afterwards arrived at tlie small town of Nedroma , of which tlie inhabitants considered they were : doomed to destruction , the chiefs appeared : on the . feeble ramparts of their town and raised : the cry of Aman . The General entered into communication with them , when they declared that the Emir had taken advantage of their inability to . resist , and had compelled them : to furnish him with recruits . General Lamoriciere , who was
preparing to carry the town by assault , suffered himself ta be persuaded , and Nedroina was spared . On the 13 th a serious ; battle was fought , and the results are already known . We quitted . Nedroma at nine o ' clock in the morning , and we shortly afterwards observed ,. posted on two small hills , 2 , 000 Kabyles ,. who appeared disposed ¦ to resist vigorously , relying on the strength of their position . Our advanced guard charged under a shower of musket-balls from the ' Kabyles . Having reached the summit , there was a determined engagement fought hand to hand . In the meantime Colonel M'Mahon arrived at the scene of action with two battalions , of . the . 41 st
regi-. ment , and one of , Zouaves , and the evemfs . position was carried . The Arabs , lost 400 of their party . This brilliant . affair ., cost us the , loss . of Colonel Monier ,, of the 41 st . M . Carondelet , the Major of the same regiment , was severely wounded , a ball having ; struck his head . . The remainder of . our . loss amounted to . eight men killed , and fifteen . wounded . The column subsequently marched ; to . Djerama Ghazaout , and on the ltth General Lamoriciere marched towards Tleirjceu , whence he intended to proceed to Bel-Ales , in order to . effect a junction with the troops under the command of Marshal Bugeaud . " . ' ' '
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?——' . INDIA AND . CHINA . . Arkival of the Overland Mail . —London , Friday , Oct . 31 . —AcconntS :. were this morning received from Bombay of the 1 st of October , and from Calcutta of the 20 th of September . The present despatch-is one of an exceedingly uninteresting nature , scarcely a particle of information of any material consequence , political , military , or commercial , having transpired since the departure of the last overland mail . The Scinde , Punjaub , and Cabool news , with the dry details of . which , the papers are filled ,., may be . summed up . in a very few words . The first named , > place is , enjoying tranquillity , . which is Baying much ; and the troops stationed there are almost wholly , free from . sickness , lyhich is perhapB saying more . -The . wing of the 18 th Bombay Native infantry , iiWhich . ' was sent up to Ku 8 more , on the frontier , for the purpose , as it
was rumoured , of inveigling our neighbours of the Five Rivers into a quarrel with us ,, has returned to Hyderabad , and . it h said that : this retrograde movement was occasioned by the receipt , of imDerative orders from ., the Governor-General , ; who Had disapproyed , as he well might , ofrthe impolitic and mischievous expedition . ¦ . The ., intelligence irom the ' unjaub comprises few incidenti of , moment . The Ranee , or Queen-Mother , us like is termed , has patched up the , quarrel . withrP . rinoe Peshora Sing , and that chief has laid down his arms , and proceeded to Lahore on her special invitation . It is said , . that Ranee offered ; him a jigheer worth 'ten thousand pounds , and a valuablei appointment as compensation for his submission ^ B y ^ the last accounts he . had not reached More / innd there we ' re rijmours afloat that he had been : a « WR 8 inated ion thaiway .. Cholera has disappearedfrwn" . the city , but still commits serious ravages in Peshawur . ... i ..-.. ! . ~ . ¦ : ¦ - . ¦ ¦ •'
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Meetings oi the Cabinet Gounoh . —The Cabinet Council , which met yesterday' at Sir Robert Peel ' s private residence , broke up / after an ; unusually long sitting , without arriving at-any decisive resolution respecting the course to . be . taken an : the present alarming condition of-the country . -No Order , in Council for the-admifision ofi-foreign . corn , freei . of duty , or . at any reducedrate , waB issued . ; . The Council met again at two o ' clock this afternoon aUhe private residence of . j 8 ir ., Robert Peel , . in . Vyhjtehall'ardens ; The Lord ^ banc % r ,: thi I ) ukeofWeUing r Ml and-all , * e Mniste ^ ' inripwn , attended , the meeting . -A ' tei 7 jKw ; davfwill ^^ necessarily , %$$ ** - , : ; i he , p # J ? ,, mw not know accurately ( though"they may iurmige ) the cause of tUe . delajk ; :: butrthe ; result ofethei-deliberatioiBof Ministers , already arrived at , or to be shortly resumed and concluded , will be in . theh ; possepon ^ in , a fevrtfays-i ipPssiblyiiia few hours ' . """ ¦ ' " ' -
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; - - ¦¦ ^ 'i ^ f ^^^ 0 ^ $ di ¦ ¦ .. ¦ ' ' ' a '• (^ w ^ Mfip ^ MW ^^\ hw h ^ - YbnksHfn ^^ W ttoMyM feM ^ ' .- ' stitiite i-atlfer ' as ' eafcnrJlr ipySBOI ^ 'JfcK ^^ t ! thepotatdecrbpin thWpirt iMtfWWf&jSs&iSr "' Yorkshire jahithpugTrttatJIi fii& 2 QaLP *^ M ; ¦ cpmpletc , ~ we-are ~ sprry to , Baflth ^ 'J ^/( fflM ? ffefiS proceeded , ' it . leads tq a - result ^ egg ^ S ^ SP ^ j ^^^ S wehad-ariticiiiate ' d ; . T ^' itfa > iv piftcig ^ j ^ jJwngrTg" ^ sound / JBMJpliWHm b ^^ ^ to _ ai le ^ it :: 20 perTcentripf ; t ^^ sonielqw and damp ^ Bituatipiis ^^ S ffiwQs ?^ 1 ^ portion . ' ;'^ We : ; are | fi Urpurs shall ¦ - not'fail-td ^ repbrt ^ thcir "itiiulB . , " 1 ^ the jn **? - time , we may state , tliat the ' DriceWsoVnaipotatO ^ , ; uiuic , we iiiuj suue , inaL cue price uisvuuufi'vi'awwv
for the weigh of 481 bsii M ' advaii ^ iif ' the ^ L ^ ^ k market considerably this'year ] ^ fS ^^ m ^^ m-~ : M the last / the relative propoitibfiS ^ MglbstyeaKyJsiv ¦< thisyear Is . 3 d . As an indication orfire ' appwhension that is entertained , that a large part of the winter stock of potatoes will not- keep till th ' e Approaching spring , it may be mentioned thiit ' - " niariy samples are offered in the Leeds market at'Cd . ^ or 7 dia weigh , which , would last year ^ ave sold at- lOdi ' or U . —Leeds ¦ Vcrctmj , i ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ -I--a ^ ' : > y - - ¦¦ ' ¦'¦ ¦ , The Isle biriLiN ' . —Several ^ cargaek ; of ^^ potatoes , which have been ; shipped at ; the'Isle of'Man for Liverpool , have become so much diseased that they are iinsaleablei -and , '" consequently , ' lost to ' the exporters . ' f ! i : ' "¦'' '• ¦ ¦ ¦¦•" ¦ Dundee . — 'A Dundee vessel , laden with potatoes , took refuge in : the : Tyne r . few days ago ; and her cargo ,. on examination , wai found to be Worthless , ,
owing to the-rot . ' JThe whole Of the potatoes were thrown out , and destroyed . The Newcastl 6 authorities have also condemned to destruction considerable quantitcs exposed Jpr sale in the market . WALES .-r-The Carnarvon Jkrtdd , of Sattuiday last , m noticing the disease , in the potatoe crop , says , " We sincerely regret to state that the ; most serious complaints have reached us : from the digtviots over which we range , and our . own personal observations in the various . ' counties of North Wales fully justify the ' statements ^ hath ayeibeeRgeht us ' , " . ^ .... , " . NoiTUJoiiiMSBJnE . ^ -ib ' or mWfis ro « iii \ . Notyngham , not a g'iii § le '" aci'e ; has escaped . the ' potatoe . ilisease , and the ' crop ' s of some port ! on 9 ' of . clay'land . ( , 'sinnot be made use of in any way , orsold iit any price . ' ... . IRELAND .. ¦ : ¦ .
Dublin . —Noy .. i—The . Freeman ' s Journal , ol ' tlas day publishes nccdunts ' irbm . the counties of . Meath , Kildare , . Roscpramoii , " . ' Sligo . ' ilayp , . . and . ; . palway , all oi" a' cheerless description , . and ^ uite unanhnous in the oiiiiv . ori ' that the epidemic or , distempei 1 iii tlie potatqo ft-op ; s general m , thosp districts . A letter ironi ' Mjiy ' o Viai .-a that wliileLord lulm . iine is forgiving his teji ? : iry ft year ' s rent , other laudlprds in the neighboiirhooi ' -. ii'iJa ' llinrbbe ' . ' are rigorously ex"** v 'ivJhJiuuiiutv'jr (•; jjoiuuivwv . hiv > qv > v ' --
^^ acting ' . | heir ren ' is , , ' i . ; ot . eyen granting ; the . customary delay . . fo ' r the advaiu : j { . 'aof improving market ? ,- lest the proceedings of the authorities , or the generosity oi gentlemen lilcc L' -i / X ' Ivilinaine , - should compel er shame ' them "iu ' ku' founanity . " One pf . the most' remarkable icatuvcf , in the . provincial accuinits is , the exhibition o i' f . je disease in a new . form in the county of Cork . * H' is thus' described by the Cork Reporter;— ' . " ' " . ' ¦ „ .. ¦
.. "One spcfii . 's o { the tuber has a mere cutaneous attack , another is loney-eombed , and another is full of . dark rinys , -iriv .-within the other . But we saw yesterday ^ for iha nrsttime , ' : atuber in which ^ either of these in « iic ; U » yns could-bei traced ; but-which was stil ) nnsovv ;( i -r-r « -orthless . ¦ Itwaspart-of the crop *? - * £ ; :. JsJrypnT Siis city , and wa ? grown at Ballyvojane ..- 'iGhe cxssriicilpart wiis wholly free from the infection . A shell was left white ; end-pure ,-but the very heart was black and fetid , " and it ; was only when it . ' w ' as' cut that the existence of ; the injury could be perceived . Wo ' . ' hau an , oppertunity ,-. of seeing how
rapidly , the infection completes the destructiottOl the root ; oi ' . rather , how quickly this peculiar kind of rot devours , all that ., i » sound and good in tlie pstatoe . In " the course , of . three or four hours , and even after cutting away , the black bad heart , the two divisions pi' the root , showed signs of decomposition . ; . They first assumed a sable circular . tinge , the colour , by degrees , grew , " deep , at the end of the time w&stote , the rot had made decided progress , and , while we write , we are certain . it has spread like a eangrenc through the entire . We are really alarmed by this new . phase of the . distemper . If it begeneisil , no calculation is . sai ' e . ' . ' . . .-. is
" A medical friend has forwarded us the following letter , on which he remarks—' The enclosed is from a sourcei you may rely on . The glow-worm tribe are not . natives of this country , which makes'the matter tho niore ; curious ... Possibly , theremay be an importation of a new trilw of insects , and the factJa well deserving of attention .- Grange is within four mileB ofBalbriggan : '~ ,,... ' " Grange , Nov . 2 , 13-15 . "I take this opportunity of letting-. you / know something . of the potatoe . rot , , in this locality , i The rot ' is universal ^ and , I . thinkas caused by . a , very small maggot . 1 . went . put . last night , at- eleven o ' clock ^ to the land , with a spade , and duKJ . poiatoes
in severalglaces , and ,, to my great aurptfeei'irtbuEd the clay spangled with sparks of fire , ryeryrbipiHiiwt , and about the . size of the head of-a 8 mn . ll pin . I found it , on bringing it to the light , to be an exceedingly small white worm , with several legs . h \ fact , a sort of glow-worm . It was attached , in many cases , to the potatoe . I found it in great numbers , in all kinds of land , I mean grass land , die ., but not in land freshly limed . I found italso in potatoes which I bad housed in the evening , which were damp , but riot , in any that were quite dry , which I am not surprised at , ; as all died on ray hand , and lost the glow as soon as they got dry . Kill those ( if you can ) arid you put an end to the rot . "
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LANDLORDS AND TENANTS—TYRANTS TURNING TENANTS OUT . We are indebted to our excellent friend , Patrick O'Higgins , for the following Land Catechism , and we cannot avoid giving the concluding paragraph of his letter . It is bo intirely in unison with our . own opinions and feelings : ¦ - "Tyrant landlords , and base , cruel , ' and brutal rack-renters , have reduced the people to this state . But . God has blessed the . land by cursing the potatoe , and blessed be God tor this great boon . : • : ;; ¦ ' "Pathick O'lTiconfsi" . ... . Question . —Has . a landlord the right-to -tuen a tenant out of his holding or farm ? An ' swer . —Ile . has , ' . when the land is let or . fair -and reasonable terms , and . the tenant neglects Ills farm , or does not pay the rent . ;!
ftues ' tibn . ~ -IIas the ' landlord the . right . to turn out the tenant without . first ' paying him in . iull for all his outlay in . building , reclaiming , manuring , enclosing , draining , ' &o . &c . ? '" . ' . ' , Answer . —No : the landlord has no such right . It would be robbing the tenant to take , the land from him " without first having paid him the full value of these improvements , and also compensation for th « cost and loss incurred by removing to another place , even'to a settlement in . America , if he choose to go there ... ' . Because , ' wheii , a ^ t enant is deprived of ; hi » land , whether by the' cupidity , whim , or tyranny of his landlord , he has nothing to live on , and consequently becpmeB either a burthen to society , of he , his wife and children ; die of want , which is too often the case ; and , therefore , the landlord is to all intents
and purposes guilty .. of causing the death of unoffending men , women , and . cliildren . . Question . —When a tenant , increases the value of the land , by reclaiming , building , enclosing , manuring , draining , ifce ., has the landlord a right to charge the tenant a higher rent on the ' exp'h'ation of the lease , in consequence of ; the increased value of . the land by the labour bestowed upon it by the tenant ? Answer . —No , most certainly not : because the increased value of the land was" caused entirely and exclusively by the labour , . toili care , skill , industry , and outlayof the . tenant , and notby any act or thing done to the land by the Landlord j therefore , he who charges an increased rent robs the tenant of the reward of his labour . And it is" written that such conduct cries toHeave ' rifor vengeanee !
Questipn . —What would bo said of the man who would give a ' rough block of mahogany to a Cabinetmaker to make a chest of drawers , and when he lad made them , the owner of the block charged him for making them instead of paying him ? : ¦ ' ¦ •• Answer—The owner of the block would be called * rogue ; and the cabinet-maker could make him pay . Question . —What is the difference between the conduct of the landlord who charges an additional rent , mostly double the amourit . to a tenant for rough land which he has reclaimed and made fair and fruitful , and the ' iban who charged the - cabinet-maker for making the drawers , instead df paying him ? Answer . —The condiiet of the landlord is worse by far than that Pfthe owner of the block ; because the
poor tenant cannot go to law with his . landlord ; He must either submit to the fraud or be turned out arid die . He cannot carry the land with him . It is stationary V there it remains ; The ' cabinet-maker can carry his" trade and his tools with him anywhereand can also-keep the ; efcest of'draWerB till he is paid . .. ^ M ?» kn ^ i ^ iij ' iii . ip ray to God" to " , fill your teartsmflr a jenseof juBticfc ' . Ask of Him to inspire you ' with'toeW SKfflliiif ^^ M ^ mif ate oi . tne Hungarian tyrant 8 ,: and ! Kpw . Moses , slew » % < . WW ? Wm ® ¥ ' M buri ^ 'Smm tJ& e saijg . TO- / STOVrt . " on "bended'kH ' eei ;^ ow ^ oH ' woura gg «? mm ^ ' ^ ff ¦ I " . - . . ! . ' ¦ : .,, ¦ . . i A LASDIOED WHOaOVSIi ^ WioB ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 8, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1340/page/1/
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