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OPENINGOF THE " X.AOT CONFERENCE.
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/MtlKomiHs; itetingsu
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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caK pentkrs' hall , Manchester , Moxdat , Dec . 8 , 1846 . i- a met > . 'in 2 of dde - atc 3 held in ^ above Hall , xfLbv fltf Sth of December , 18 io , it was moved «* -Z cu ' ffay , and seconded by Mr . J ) ixon , that Mr . h rSnvton be appointed the chairman of the conp ^ e Mr . Ho 115 ™ moved ^ * " » amendment , that * i M'Gratu be appointed chairman . This proposi-- w is objected to on the ground that Mr . M'Grath , 1 t htins a delegate , could not sit as chairman ; the . ujnieut was therefore withdrawn .
Mr ^ lierripgton having taken the chair , creden-- " i - irere delivered In from the following places — y \ x . Gilbertson , fr « m Carlisle . - Mr < faKie 3 Brown , from Preston . Mr . Slierrington , from Scotland . 3 lr ! llobson , from Iluddersneld . Mr . lvn : n » ^ rom Lambeth . \ \ t . Shaw , from Leeds . 3 Ir . G . W . Wheeler , from Rouen , Boulogne , and Beading , Mr . Sauuders , from Nottingham . Means . Dixon and Leach , from Manchester .
JIchK . Cuffiiy , from YVestminater ; and Taylor , torn - Ashton , though unprepared with their credential * , wereallowed to take their seats . ' jlr . Guffiiy moved that a committee of three be appointed to draw np ru ! e 3 for the guidance of the conference ; Mr . llobson seconded the resolution . Mr . G . W . Wheeler moved , and Mr . Dixon seconded , that the conference assemble every morning during itssittings , at nine o ' clock , and adjourn at jffdre , to re-a = semble at two , and adjourn for the jay at five . ifcer the credentials of the delegates had been Ssa-Jed in , and standing orders had been agreed apMi . ilr . O'Connor rose and said;—Mr . Chairman and Gentlemen—I consider the
present the most fitting time to offer to the confertiiee in analysis of my own views upon the several qoestieas that are likely to be submitted to the conference . I regret that severe indisposition lias compelledme to rely more opon what I have casually ^ thewd-fc »* iBy ; broib « directors , than a more close conference with them would have put me in possession of . Gentlemen , but for this circumstance , which I could neither foreseen or obviate , I would very naturally have devoted the short time allowed to me , before the meeting of conference , to have prepared a full digest of my opinions . Under all the circumstances , I have thought it to be ? the wisest plan to reduce what I had to say to writing , and I now beg to submit the result of my own thoughts to your consideration . Gentlemen , I shall commence with the
OBJECTS . The object of the association is to locate its mem * bers upon the land , whereby the working clashes may fc eafforded an opportunity of judging of the real value of their labour in a free market .
THE 11 EAS 3 . The means by which the association proposes to realize the object in -view , are by purchasing land in the wholesale market , and when purchased , to sub divide it into the most suitable allotments for the use of individual members ; and when so subdivided and leased , in perpetuity to the members , then to mortgage or sell the reserved rent , to enable the trustees to make further purchases , with a view to the location of more of its members , and so on , till all have been provided with their respective allotments according to their several amounts , Thna , the means are to be realised by co-operation , and the object is to be achieved by the adoption of such rules , and their rigid application in economising and fosterin ;; the means of the society , as this conference shall
aense . RULES . Perhaps my remarks , under this hend , may be mor « properly considered as a running comment upon the object , means , and prospects of the society ; and first in importance stands the great question of legal protection—enrolment . Gentlemen , as far as I can collect the general opinion of the members , it is decidedly in favour of en * rolraeut , and therefore I am bound by my duty to the body , as well as by an interest in the success of the plan , which will be best served by promoting confidence , to abandon and forego all my own prejudices upon the subject of enrolment .
The legal guarantee given to the membera under enrolment are very great , while the pecuniary ad . vantages cannot be lost sight of . The legal advantages are , firstly , the priority of claim , which the law gives the association , in cases of the death or bankruptcy of any of the officers having the custody of monies , property , or securities of the society ; the assignment of counsel by the court , and also of solicitor , free of expense , in cases of dispute arising between the members and their officera . The pecuniary advantages are partlv embraced in the legal , as well as
exemption from all stamp duties ; and when the questions of transfer and leasing are taken into account , and supposing a solicitor to charge two guineas for a long stamped rigmarole of a lease , and suppose the society , from first to last , to number 10 , 000 , here is of itself as saving , from enrolment , of 20 , 000 guineas , independently of all other savings . Gentlemen , this is one of the great means at the disposal of the working classes co-operation ; and it is by this means chartered societies , whether upon the high seas or the high road , are enabled to beat down all individual
comfctitton . Next to enrolment , gentlemen , comes a wise application of the means to the end ; and first in importance , to this branch , conies the thing promised for thethingpaid . Thethingpaidis £ 210 s . ; the thing promised is two acres of land , of a specified quality , a cottage tha < jcosts £ 30 in building , and £ 15 , as capital , to each member , when located , to carry on operations . Sow , Gentlemen , you will see at once what jw se , or considered alone , without its relative contingencies * would appear an impossibility , namely , that a society should give each of its members £ 15 , and only receive .- £ 2 10 s . as the price of the whole . Gentlemen ,-you
will at once see that much of tlie success of the society must depend upon the undiminished value of the thing bought and to be sold again . The prospects of all succeeding occupants will mainly depend upon the iernis upon which the first drafts are located . Now , gentlemen , as all should be bound to all , and as all sliould have , as nearly as possible , equal rights ; and a ? those first located will decidedly be lest off , we sliould show , to all expectants , that the earlier realiza tion of the hope 3 of some are , in some degree , compen sated by the certainty of the object being achieved by all . To this end I suggest the propriety of the £ 15 advanced standing as a lien against all who receive it at an interest of 5 percent , added to the rent , until
every member of the association shall have been located upon his allotment . Gentlemen , this will preserve and keep alive a continuous brotherhood between those located and those io be located ; and those who are postpened will have the satisfaction of getting 5 per cent , for the money advanced ; and as the health of thesociet y vrillbe more awl more developed every day , we may conclude that those who are amongst the latest occupants will have their reward in receiving their £ 15 , discharged of interest , as the premium for delay . Gentlemen , I do not propose that this 5 per cent , upon the £ 15 shall be sold or mortgaged , but that it shall be a reserved rent , always io revert back to the society in one shape or another ,
and always for the purposes of the members . Gentlemen , the nest apparent difficulty , with which yon willhave to deal , will be the amount of rent to be paid by each ; but here I think the dullest will see the impossibility of establishing any fixed rent except V scale , which does partake of as much fixity as you can insure . Thus , if you say that a member shall pay £ 5 a-year for two acres of land that costs £ 40 , that is £ 20 an acre , and a house that costs £ 30 , you say as distinctly , without stating the very fact , that the member who gets two acres that costs £ 60 , Or £ 30 an acre , shall pay £ & a-year , and the member who gets two acres that costs £ 30 , or £ 15 an acre , shall only pay £ 410 s
Gentlemen , the next branch of the subject to "which I shall call your attention is to the question of amount ; whether two or four acres shall be the society ' s standard . For myself , I can very well appreciate the desire of a person , with a large family , to possess himself of that quantity of land to which le supposses he may have the lalour required for its cultivation in his own family ; and , therefore , I am for allowing erery member to exercise his own judgment upon this head , while I would still enforce the inability of a man , with a small family , to cultivat e even two acres to the highest state of perfection
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However , this is entirely a subject for the consideration of the shareholders themselves . The next point to which I would direct your attention- is one of considerable importance ; it is , as to whether selection of occupants shall be made by priority of payment or by ballot . Upon this point , counsel has only given his opinion in favour of priority , lest the laws made against gaming and lotteries should interfere with the enrolment ; but upon being reminded that the cases so far differed , as regards' our association , and those who purchased tickets , some with the certainty
ofgetting blanks ; wherjas , our rules provided prizes for all , although the acquisition of them by some is postponed to a later period . Counsel , therefore , has merely given the preference to priority , lest the adoption of the ballot may . lead to disappointment . For my own parti think the details to carry OHt the principle of priority would be roach more cumbrous and difficult of management than those to carry out the ballot , and , therefore , I am decidedly in favour of the b . Olot ; while , of course , it Will be understood that none are eligible to ballot except those who have paid up their full shares .
Gentlemen , the nest branch of the subject to whicSi I shall call your attention is the mode of carrying out our object by the purchase , sub-division , and sale of estates . Here the two means of realising farther funds , either by mortgage , oraale , present themselves In the one , I see not only difficulty , but disagreeable probabilities ; in the other , I see not only agreeable probabilities , but cheering certainties . For instance , we purchase , say one hundred asresof land , for £ 2 , 000 , and we expend £ 1 , 500 upon the erection of cottages , and pay £$ 50 in the shape of advanced capital , at the rate of £ 15 to each member . Now , this makes a total of £ 4 , 250 , which , if we offered for sale , may be sold before the value of the plan was tested for twentyjeare purchase , or £ 5 , 000 ; whereas , if we kept the first allotment for two years , mortgaging it at
three-fourths of its value , at the end of those two years the application of the labour of fifty families to the 100 acres would increase the value of the purchase from twenty to thirty-three years , the highest rate of purchase that is given for landed security . I will explain it more familiarly to you . If you attempt to sell as soon as you purchase , the purchaser will purchase at the then value of the land ; whereas , at the end of two years , what each tenant field for £ 5 ayear , asd which , mind , would be all that we could sell , would be worth £ 8 a year , or more , from the application of labour , and that £ S a year would be the purchaser ' s security for . £ 5 a-year ; and for that he would give as large an amount , and larger , than for government security . Now , twenty years purchase for £ 250 a-year will be £ 5 , 000 ; and thirty-three years purchase would be £ S . 25 O .
Gentlemen , these are the peculiar features of cooperation that I would impress upon your minds . I am , then , for mortgaging , in the first instance , and thereby realising , subsequently , as large a fund as possible tor the benefit of the members—a benefit that must result from a fair testing of the plan ; and , mind , what has been done in the first instance may be subsequently relied upon by all future purchasers . Now , gentlemen , I come to a portion of my subject which never has been discussed by the public yet . I mean not only the probability , but the certainty , of our funds , or rather our security , being increased as follows : — We will suppose that 100 members are about to be located from amongst those who have paid up in full , and consequently the most wealthy .
When the land is purchased the allotment takes place before the houses are built , and I think we may fairly presume that out of the 100 who have paid up in full , upon an average , each would expend 4 J 10 more upon his cottage than the society guaranteed ; that would increase the value of the property by £ 1 , 000 ; while it would not make the member , who had spent it , liable to any more than £ 5 a-year rent . This you will find will be the strongest preservation of the link of brotherhood and membership , and will have the effect of proving to the poorest that the wealthiest , while they have been the first provided for , have not been discharged from the ulterior duty of lending themselves and their funds to the accomplishment of the general objects of all .
Gentlemen , these views have been set out partially in many of my earlier letters ; now I condense them for your consideration , always bearing in mind , thai though the society gives but £ 70 worth for what it charges £ 5 a-year , yet , in their individual capacity the working classes could not procure the same advantages for £ 10 a-year , or indeed at all , as there is no market open for such traffic . Gentlemen , I beg to keep your minds rivetted to this question of
incorporative power . I beg to remind you that societies , incorporated with the individual resources of a number of poor individuals , are enabled to compete with , and finally to overcome , all the competition of the wealthiest individuals . This is , then , our strength ; we overcome the law of primogeniture . We bring the raw material into the free labour market , and we offer it in competition with the slave labour price of wages .
Gentlemen , I am not inclined to treat any suggestion upon this subject lightly , provided it is made in a proper spirit ; and , therefore , I shall offer an observation or two on that emanating from Manchester . I mean the propriety of bringing the allotments up to a certain state of r taring by the expenditure of the promised capital , under judicous management , before the more ignorant of the occupants should enter upon the undertaking . If this is left to their own option , I not only have no objection to the principle , but I further volunteer my services as their unpaid steward and instructor , deducting from their
original £ 15 capital , what has been judiciously expended in labour , and allowing them to take possession of their allotments in full bearing , and when the fruits of my industry shall be ripe . Gentlemen , if my health permitted , I should have entered much more minutely into this important subject . I regret that my ten days * illness has deprived me of the benefit of the counsel of my brother directors . In the short time that my recovery allowed , I have gathered as much of their views , as I could , whereas , If I have misunderstood , or mis-stated them , they are at perfect liberty to object to what I have now offered , as this manifesto must be . taken solely as my own opinion .
Gentlemen , I presume that you all have an equal interest , with myself , in this gigantic , national scheme , and if any have joined in the hope of possessing themselves of £ 15 for £ 2 Nk paid up , and if the alterations , that I consider necessary in the rules , should alarm such speculators , I havo that reliance upon you , gentlemen , that the dread of losing the gamblers will be more than compensated for by the establishment of that firm principle upon which the alteration will base the rights of the poorest , as well as the prior claim of the richest . Gentlemen , my object is , that no man should be discharged of his liabilities to the association until © very member of
the body shall be first provided for , and that then the . general savings from the co-operation of all , shal l be equally , honestly , and honourably divided amongst alL Before I sit down , I will read for you one of the guarantees which enrolment confers , and one which , in a money speculation , should be courted by every officer who has aught to do with the funds of the society ; and , gentlemen , bear one thing in mind , and never lose sight of it , it is this—exrolmest is oxlt beneficial TO THE members . If the officers had any
notion of playing the rogue , they would be for nonenrolment , as , then , the members would have no protection against their frauds . Exrowiest , TUERErOBE , IS TOR THE MEMBEKS ; X 0 X-EKK 0 LME 5 T IS FOR the officers . Gentlemen , before 1 sit down , 1 will read for you one of the advantages of enrolment . The act " that I hold in my hand has the Mowing provision : — " And be it further enacted , that if any person already appointed , t > r who may hereafter be appointed , to any office in ; i society establish **! , uuder
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the said recited act , or this act , and being ' entrusted with the keeping of the accounts , or having in his hands , or possession , by jirtue of his said office or employment , any monies or effects belonging to such society , or any deeds at securities relating to . the same , shall die , or become ^ a bankrupt , or Insolvent , or have any execotipn , or atta'cbment , or other process issued , or action , or , diligence * / raised against his lands , goods , chattel , or effect ^ or pro perty ,, or estate , heritable or moveable , or make any assignment , disposition , assignation ; or otfisr conveyance thereof for the-benefit . of his creditors ' , ., ki < s heirs , executors , administrators , or . assignees , or other persons having legal rigllte , ' or the sheriff , or other officer , executing such process , or the ? party using such action or diligence-, shall , within forty
days of the demand made in writisg , by the ordtar of any such society or committee thereof , or the niajw part of them assembled at any meeiing thereof , de « liver and pay over all monies and othefihings belonging to such society to such person as siKh society or committee shall appoint , and shall pa / out of the estates , assets , or effects , heritable or meweable , of such person , all sums of money remainingcfee which such person received ' by virtue of his . said office or employment ,, before any other of his debts « tss paid or satisfies , or before the uibne ^ Jirected to be jferiqd by such ' proceas as'afoi-esaid , ' dr ° whicfi may be jseovered or recoverable under such diligence , is paid over to the party issuing such procsss , or using snob diligence : and all such assets , lands , goods , chattels ,, property , estates , and effects shall be bound to the payment and discharge thereof accordingly . "
Now , gentlemen , there's a strong inducement to force me to get rid of all my prejudices against enrolment . There ' s piioiECxiojf , which sothing but the law can afford . Gentlemen , there are other subjects , such as the appointment of tvsstees and directors , and their duties , the obligation of officers , and the question of finance , to which I snail take a fitting opportunity of directing your attention , with the view of making your laws as stringent as yen can to enforce a j ust discharge of thoso several dufeie ? . I conclude , by once more reminding you of our power , which consists in our incorporation ; and further reminding you , that the triumph of free trade
principles may result in our ability id purchase slices of the estates of the aristocracy at one-half their preient value . I now remind you , that the rules , upeai which this society has been established , were neither considered perfect or binding , and the more you alter and correct them , if those corrections and alterations are calculated to give stability to your project , and security to the members , the better the members will appreciate the change , for they are a considerate and a thoughtful people . Gentlemen , I have now done more than I was justified in my present state . of health in doing—I sit down , leaving the question to your guardianship .
AFTERNOON SITTING . Mr . Canning , from Wigan , not being furnished with credentials , was allowed to take his seat until his credentials were produced , Mr . Cuffay moved , and Mr . Taylor seconded , "That each motion lie handed to the chairman , in writing , previous to itybeing put , aiid that the mover , and other speakers , be allowed ten minutes each , and the mover of the resolution five minutes in reply . Mr . Vallance , from Barnsley , produced I 113 credentials , and took his seat accordingly . Mr . O'Connor moved , and Mr . Leach seconded , the following resolution : — " That the conference do now resolve itself into a committee for the purpose of considering the alterations to be made in the rules . " The motion , after discussion , was withdrawn for the present . ,
Mr . llobson moved , and Mr . O'Connor seconded , " That , in the opinion of this conference , it is highly essential to tLe success of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society that the rules should be enrolled under the Benefit and Building Societies' Acts , inasmuch as such course will' alone give security to the members , and limit the responsibility of all concerned to the extent of the society's operations . To this end the conference instruct the board of directors to piocure such enrolment , with the name of the society remaining as it now stands , if that be possible ; but should the revising barrister refuse to certify with such name , the directors are further instructed to change the name to that of the National Co-operative Land Society . " Mr . Dixon moved , and Mr . Shaw seconded , the followinor motion : — " That the directors be
empowered to submit the rules , as agreed to , to Tidd Pratt , Esq ., for ' enrolment ; and in the event of the name , as it at present stands , being an obstacle , and in the event of Tidd Pratt refusing to enrol , that then an appeal be made , as provided by law ; and in the event of the name standing as an obstacle , that then the directors be empowered to confer with the several districts , through the delegates now assembled , with the view to taking the opinion of the members upon the subject . " Mr . Cuffay objected to the alteration of the name ; and should it not be possible to get it enrolled without its alteration , that the enrolment be not persisted in .
Mr . Leach said , the object of enrolment was to guarantee the working classes from their being robbed by the middle classes ; for , although the name of the society is the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , yet its members were not confined to the Chartist body ; a large portion of its members are not , and never were , Chartists . Under the present rules there is no remedy for the dishonesty of any of its servants ; not that he suspected any of them were dishonest ; but unless enrolment was conceded , it would be the destruction of confidence . Mr . Knight : The interest of the society requires that its rules should be enrolled either with or without the name . Mr . Vallance was instructed to support the enrolment of the society , if the name , and objects remained in their present state .
Mr . G . W . Wheeler would not vote for the enrolment'if the rules , if the objects , or the name were altered . Mr . Shaw would vote for the enrolment of the rules with or without the name . Mr . Brown : One portion of my constituents are in favour of enrolment , either with or without the name , while the other portion have instructed me to vote agaiust the enrolment , if the name was to be altered . Mr . Canning was instructed to support the enrolment of the rules at all events , the name being no object to his constituents .
Mr . Leach moved the following : — " That in the opinion of this conference , the Land Society ' s rules should be immediately enrolled , and that the board of directors be instructed to accomplish the same with or without the name . " Mr . Doyle : There are a great number of persons waiting to join the association , but who will not do so unless it is enrolled , as there is no guarantee for the henesty ot the officers of the society , for although no officer has at present absconded with any money , still that is no reason that they might not ; for these reasons he should support the enrolment . Mr . G . W . Wheeler moved , and Mr . Gilbertson seconded the motion—" that the rules be not enrolled unless the name and objects are retaine d . "
Mr . llobson : It is not in the power of Tidd Pratt to refuse the enrolment of the rules , even with the nan . e as at present , provided those rules are in conformity with all the provisions of the Benefit Society ' s Act . The intentions of the society must be stated in the rules . In his opinion , the passing of the last-resolution would be an act of suicide . On a division there appeared—For Mr . G . W . Wheeler ' s amendment ... 2 " Mr . Dixon ' s 7 " The original motion 8 Mr . Hobson moved , and Mr . Cuffay seconded , a motion for the printing of Mr . O'Connor ' s statement , which was carried unanimously . The conference then adjourned till nine o ' clock tomorrow morning .
TUESDAY MORjSiING-December 0 . Mr . Sherrington in the chair . Mr . llobson : There are several . points in the statement of Mr , O'Connor that require explanation . If the system of priority is introduced , it will be r . ecessary to keep an account of payments , even to the fraction of an hour . The conference are her > to legislate against probabilities and possibilities . The ballot gives even' man a chance to be locat ed , for these reasons he would move , — "That , in tkr _ . opinion of this conference , the mode of selecting occupants for the allotments , by ballot , from among those who have paid up their shares , is calculated to "ivetho greatest amount of confidence to the V ' lembers « encrally , because it precludes favouritisir and prevents all intrigue , fraud , or collusion . " Six . Sniythe , of Bradford , seconded the motion ,
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as hi ^ Vtaadeied'it Was the only wa } to o'ive stabili y t 0 thy society . . M * . Vallance was of opinion that the system of priority would introduce great confusion into the managemvrt of the aftairs of the . society . Mr . Km ^ ht objected * to the ballot ; supported priority of pyiymeut , and moved , — - ' That priority of payment consv'itute priority of occupation . " Mr . O'Connoi , : You , will recollect that the opinion of counsel was ovh against the ballot , fearing that it would render , the . society liable to the Gaming and Lottery Acts . > One objection to the " resolution was to any man balloting unless he shall have paid up his whole share . V'lio conference were . perfectly at liberty to alter rale- ' * " « further benefit of
the society . As to the ' . question , of priority , ' what should be done with those parties who had paid up at the ' present " time . * If yoa - . establish the ballot for those who have already * aa < J u' ° . and priority of payment fw those paying after ; , it V vi 11 cause Sreat dissatisfaction among tiio sliaraiydt'rs . Mr . Taylor seconded the fflofcioiT of Mr . Knight , and stated that the fraction efla « liour could not be » f that importance as it had betn'Wepi esented . Mr . M'GrarBb considered that flfea }' stein of priority w «« la , not' gire general satisfactSow ! . There were maay ; , obstacles' to it which were : iwRirmountable . Howf . eoultl it be supplied to those W& *!> . had already
paid u > thcir shares ? Arid when t&iirtsy yr forty ' enrolled iffdiflerehfc localities at the sar * 9- * inie , how is their , pTOrity ; to Be determined ? Ete . thought the ^ ballot the vtfseat pl ' anyit gaveto allafair * bance , and " ^ 1 a , p . 6 ¥ ectIy . pra
Mr . Wheeler : As fa * as-he Mmselhvaaconce raed , hffwas most decidedly in ifofour of priority . \ The suose 3 s of the society depends opon priority of i " > aymen * . A great majority of m «» 5 > ei > s are in favou > of priewty of payment . There ' will be no difficulty ' in kecpisg the accounts , for , should it so happen th . ^ forty or fifty pay up in one- day r the sooner the loca - tion w > ald take place . Mr . © ark : Mr . Whceler ' s ^ plais cannot be carried out , and' I deny that the majority of the members are in favour » f priority . Mr . Lend ) : How can priority of payment be reconciled with Justice . A man paying . 1 ms threepence a * week is not in the same situation a » a man who can pay the wkoJe down .
Mr . Dixoa : A great majority of his constituents were in favour of the ballot . Mr . Canning was decidedly in favour of the ballot . Mr . G . W . Wheeler said that he should support the motion of Mr . Clark as the one laosfc conducive to the interest of the shareholders , and the only one on which the conference could be consistent . Mr . Hobson's principal objection is , that it invested a discretionarypower in ihe hand of the directors ; but his own plan is . open to the same objection ;¦ for if three districts were to be chosen , they would s * iH have the opportunity of choaing which they would select ; but surely members were not going to elect t * this office men in whom they had no confidence . Mi , llobson objects to the motion of Mr . O'Connor on the ground of the competition it would occasion , whilst ihe same objection applied to his own plan ; besides it tied up the hands of the directing body ; and they must be aware that land often realized a fictitious price , as
many parties were compelled to part witnlandata much lower price than its real value ; and from the present railway mania it was likely that the directois , if their hands were not tied up , would probably purchase land much lower than the present market price . Mi * , llobson had said a great deal about Irishmen and Scotchmen leaving their homes and coming to this country ; but if they did come it was because , they could get a better Jiving here ; and wherever a man coultl . get a living that would be his home . Another advantage of Mr . Clark ' s motion was , that if 100 persons wero located , coming from 100 different localities , it would give a greater impetus to the society . Men would say—Tom Smith was gone , and it will soon be my . turn—which would be a great inducement to many to join this society . , Mr . O'Connor moved that the conference resolve itself into a committee , and that no speaker be allowed to occupy the time of the conference more than two minutes . Mr . Poole seconded the resolution .
Mr . Brown : His constituents wero in favour of the ballot , unless thesociety was divided into districts , and then they were in favour of priority of payment . Mr . Poole : There will be great injustice in priority of payment , unless the society is divided into dristricts . Mr . Harrington : Only one placejin Scotland is in favour of the priority . If the conference decide in favour of the ballot , a considerable portion of his constituents would retire from the society . - Mr . O'Connor ; No person that cannot pay up his share in full will pay any portion of his money , if the time of closing the society is stated . The legitimate members and founder of the society have paid their money on the faith of the ballot .
Mr . Cuffiiy : Ills instructions were in favour o ' priority . Did not believe that the society being closed at a particular day would cause any diminution in the payment of shares . Mr . Shaw was in favour of the ballot . If priority of payment be allowed , those who were able would pay up , and swamp the whole concern . Mr . Leach moved that rule 16 should form part of the amended rules , with the addition that the society close its first district when the society consists of ( 5 , 000 members . Mr . O'Connor seconded the motion ; where there is necessity for alteration do it , but do not alter where unnecessary . Mr . llobson said , selection by ballot means precisely what the parties mean by election by lot . Lot means lottery , but the word being used might enablo the revising barrister to bring in the acts of gaming and lottery to bear upo % tho question of enrolment .
Mr . Doyle had heard some members of the London district complain that priority of payment would be attended with great injustice . Mr . Taylor : The man who comes forward and pays his whole money , is rendering a great benefit to the poorer payers . Mr . Saunders was in favour of priority of payment . Mr . Hobson : Objections raised b y him had not been answered ; the principle of priority would entail great expense ; what objection to the baliot ? On a ivision there appeared—For the amendment 12 " Motion 5 A question arising as to the propriety of carrying out the last resolution , Mr . llobson said , it does not follow that , having confirmed a principle , you should enter into all the details connected with it . Mr . Clark moved , tliat the selection oflocalitiesbe intrusted to tho board of directors .
Mr . M'Grath seconded the motion : It was very unwise and very unjust to limit the exertion of the directors , for the rule did not compel a man to go upon the land , though successful . Mr . O'Connor repudiated the position in which Mr . Clark ' s motion would plaae the directors—no objection to incur any responsibility that the subscribers of the society imposed upon the directors The proposition of Mi . G tflc was premature . Theie was land enough offered tor sale every day in the year , and it might le obtained in any district .
AFTERNOON SITTING . Mr . Clark said the reason of proposing the lfeselution . was , that the directors would have Uctter opgartunitics of knowing where land was- to be purchased —with some parties , situation was- no > p iijiCGt .. He knew a party that wa * willing to go within . t « ii yards of the gates of heil so Shat he got upon the-load . Mr . Hobson : Tha onerous duties- sought to . te imposed by the conference on the directory- is-likely to produce angry feelings among the stmeholdefls—they would be inundated with suggestions * awl every little plot of land that was for sale would be iot-aarded to them—and unlsssthat plot of land was . bought it would produce : great dissatisfaction , and jealous
amongst the uesucccssfuL Divide the country mho districts , ajy& when sufficient mooey is in haad , draw from tisse districts j and if the first is not successful , go labile scewul , and so on . Most likely ikere would be Utt occasion to proceed further than the first , for there jj always sufficient land in the niaiiet to be boug ' at any day in tho week . Those enthusiastic persons ., who say that they would go within a few yards ' 65 ' the gates of hell so that they could get upoi : the laud , would be the first to complain ol favoritism , if unsuccessful in obtaining the ballot . Ms . Smyth , in . seconding the amendment , said , il th * present motion was passed by the conference ii wmld destroy all confidence in the directory , and givt rise to the charge of favouritism .
Mr . Clark : It has been already laid down , that no person shall be allowed to ballot unless he has paid up his share ; but , according to Mr . Ilobson ' s plan , if Yorkshire waa the fortunate district , it might be years before those of the Manchester district would tie located . Should wish to see land purchased , in the first instance , in those districts where the most members were . Mr . Wheeler wjld support the viewi advocated I y Mr . Clark .
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Mr . O'Connor would suggest that , before the purchase of land in any localit y , a ballot take place amongst all the membera , and a majority should signify to the directors whether they would wish the land to be purchased . He was sure that the greater the re . » ponsibiliDy vested in the members , the greater the satisfaction vrould be ; he moved the following reso-Ittion ;— " That when tlio sum of £ 5 , 000 shall bo paid , the directors shall then proceed to ballot from amongst the members who have paid up their shares in fuil , and where the required number shall be so elected , that then the members , so selected , shall proceed by such means as the majority shall agree upon , for the purpose of selecting a locality where the puvchaae of land shall take place , and the directors shall be bound by such decision . " Mr . Clark asked tho question—would not a greater price bo paid for a small quantity of land than that for a greater quantity ?
Mr . Hobson : The amendment proposed by Mr . O'Connor is unwise , fie would not like to see the necessity for the shareholders , in this society , to leave their homes . Mr . TVheeler opposed the adoption of Mr . O'Conjior ' samendinent , Mr . Poole said—Did the shareholders know where the land w . ib about to be purchased , no doubt that even the threepenny shareholders would make a struggle to get the money to pay » p their shares . Mr . M'Grath had heard nothing to alter his
opinion , as to allowing the directors to have the choice of selecting . the place for tber purchase of the land . Moire obstacles would be created by Mr . Hobson ' s plan than that proposed by Mr . Clark . Mr . Vallanee supported the proposition for enabling the directors to buy the land . If this power was let * in their hands , no-doubt it would give-the greatest satisfaction . Mr . O'Connor : If the difficulties suggested against his amendment had weight , they told with * double weight against the plain of Air . llobson .
Mr . Leach s No doubt there was a greafc desire , among the shareholders-, that the purchase ol ' land should be near the places where they lived . The cost of removal io a distant petition would take away the object of tho society . The parties who obtained the prizes ought to have a voice in the selection of where tho hind shoubt- be purchased . He supported the amendment of Mv . O'Connor . There could be iiecdifficulty in dividiags the country into districts . Mr . Cuffay : As far as England was concerned )>? w ' . iia cosmopolite ; but the London 1 ahareliolders d » 11 . rt expect to have land purchased for them in tht ? suiVifrbs ; they are willing an ready to take their chanae . lie had a feeling for home ,- aad if he gave way i » his feelings , ke should psefcr the county of [ vent .
Mr . jaobson : By 'Me . O'Connor's'plan there would he no opportunity ofgstting at the spjnion of the different sfanwholders . Tfere were objections-to his own plan ; Itthas been urged } . that it might ? be the Jot of Manchestart to be years * before the members of that locality woatdbe located ; 30 that , in fsct , i would be years , umlar any circumstances , befew the shaieholders of any locality could ' -belociited . Mr . O'Couneor : The adbjrtion of Mb :- Ilobson ' s plan wonld in ' akethe directors a mere nonentity . Mr . Leach : * . One of the principles of the People ' s Charter was , , that there should be equal * electoral districts , and 33 there would * not bs any difficulty , under that document , in apportioning the country ,
in cases of elections , why shcald there be say mmculty in enrrying-it out in the latnlplan . Mr . Clarke : i % e directors arabtnmdto pay attention to the wishesrof the subscribers ; Mr . Hokfcoa ' s plan cannot be carried out , becauae it will not only give priority to persons who have psicl-up their shaves , but also to those who have not paid » p . Mr . Taylor : The price of land never can ,, aw never ought to be , an object with the directors , Mr . Dixousaid : To buy land for twenty-five cannot be accomplishediat the same pri « e as if the purchase was to be made for £ 100 . He proposed t » divide the number oft shareholders paid . up into four districts . The removal of parties f sain . home would have material effect uuon the objects of tho soeietv .
Mr . Doyle said , that Mr . O Coihioiv was-going : directly in opposition to > all his former statements-and writings ; as he had formerly stated thut ^ the purohase of a small quantity of land would cost more ,. in proportion , than that of a > larger quantity . The best possible plan to adopt was to leave tlieselsotion of Jandi to the directors . Mr . O'Connor explained . Mr . llobson : There never was a subject that was not open to objections ,, and with a view to embody the ideas of the members of the conferense ,. lie would move the following resolution : — " The directors shall ,. in their purchasing and drafting of occupiers , be guided , as far as practicable , by the principle of providing allotments for the members , so as to render it unnecessary for a family to remove far from , home .. To this end , when the ncci ^ ary amount of capital is so subscribed , they shall classify the meisJiera- who have paid up their shares into sections , guided by locality , and before they commence operations- they
shall place as many slips ot' paper as there a * e in a suitable vessel , each slip having the name of ' a-section written on , and all beiag . folded up alike , 'iihcu an indifferent person shall beappointedto draw these papers out of the lot , and in > one of the localities- so drawn shall the first purchase be made ; if practicable , preference being given to the first drawn . Otvt of the members residing in , or contiguous to , such district , who have paid up their full subscription ,, shall the occupiers of this particular plot of land be selected . ; and the same rule skall be observed to > regulate tile locality ot all the subsequent purchasers and allocatons . " It is not necessary , that the directors skouJtl give notice of the place vrh « re they intend to purchase . By giving notice of intention to purchase it would cause greatercompeJilikmT amongst the bidders . Prudence , therefore , would suggc » fc the propriety of the directors keeping it a secret as- to- when and where they were coming into the market .
Mr . Cufftiy objected to the alteration of Mr . Ilobson ' s motion . Mr . M'Grath : Mr . Ilobsoo seems to dread e 9 mpetition , and no doubt competition is to be dreaded ; there is a great many whV would gladly siag the requium of the land society . Mr . G . W . Wheeler said , fclaa , i the motion af Mr . Clark was the only safe i * lan that could be adopted . You MUst know when io-get the land . Land i » not always either let or sold afc Us seal value . Home is that where a man can get am h « xie » t living . Mr . Saunders was opposed te-tke plan , of Mr . Hobson . They had heard a great deal about home , kit it was impossible for the conference ,, ov for the dkeetow to legislate , so . is to locate every shareholder nearthe place of his nativity ; he- should , therefore ,, support Mr . Clark ' s motion *
Mr . Leach : It should be a > n instruction tu > the directors that they should purchase- the land noar the residences of the succesafuLcandidates . It would be a stronger inducement to shareholders- to support the society if ; they knew that the land would be purchased in or ne » i » - the several localities to whieh they belonged . Mr . O'Conivor insisted ! that the balliat must take place before tlie-purchase- was-made . Mr . Vallasoo :: We have been taught to believo that the rules-of the society required bsit littrlo-variation ; and ^ ' jheietbrey . he-ahouiJ wto-iW Mr . Glarke ' S . motion . Mr . O'Connor would withdraw Ins amendment if Mr . Clar ' ta would embody U in-hi » motion . Mi ' c HDbson ' s amendment .... „ . „„„ ,,,..,. „ ,. 3 , Original moti » n : a 6 . arioended „ ,. ... „ ..,.......,. 13 .
Mr . Clarke , having agreed to amend his motion according to the suggestion- of Mr . O'Connoi ' ,. ihe Ibllowaig . resolution-was-submiWed tottie conference : — " ' 3 hat the selection of the locality , where 4 he- purchase- of kn ^ J shall be made ,, be entrusted to . the bosad of directors ,, it being imperative upo » them to make such purchase in the-district-where t ^ greatest naruber of members , who have paid l iip . tjaek share ? , saay . be resident . "
WEDNESDAY SITTINGS , i Mr . ShfiVL'ington in the chair . Tho roll having been called , and the minutes read , ! Mr . Claric moved the rescinding of the resolution eDine t&yeslcirday , inasmuch as it would compel the directors always to purchase the land in those disti'iots weve the greatest number oi" paid members resided . Mr . M'Grath , in seconding the motion , said that no doubt they would be charged with inconsistency , in asking the conference to undo what they had dono ; but the directors saw great difficulty in carrying out the resolution . Mr . Wheeler objected to the rescinding of the resolution . The Chairman said that the directors , by Mr . Ilobson's plan , would be too much confined in their operations , lie considered that the resolution proposed by Mr . Clark , and carried by t ' -e conference vesterdav , was the best that could be adopted .
Mr . llolson moved that the house resolve itself into a committee , and continue in committee until the whole of the principles be settled . Mr . Cuffay objected to the motion . Mr . Leach seconded the motion . On a division , there appeared for goinf ) into commniittee „ ,, ) 7 Against it ,.., „ 5 Correspondence was read from Wigar . containing
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¦ - "¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' - ¦ ¦ ' - ' "" ¦ ¦**' ¦ . " ¦ : *;"' ¦ ' - , -- - ¦ *¦ ¦ ¦ -s ^ ' r ^ S&V 1- ^ - "' - ' ¦ " : "'*¦" the credenliaU of * ^ Pl ^ Sgfe' * Warwick f Mr , qHlJ »^^ u « lg « fe | j . _ society could not be . ' wife ! * a ^?* ? ^ fiSSe . pmsedlvthe conference' ^^ iWKrminutes . ^ : ^^ - » r . ; - ; ; - ' #% JS | S ? ; . Messrs . Clark and MlGrathultimatelylmtUctfe * their resolution . ' . « ,. T-i- •¦¦!* - ¦< > < . i-n ^^ sh-.- ' i ' ' v > ¦" / : Mr . M'Grath ; Tlie object of 4 he ' ,. directors w 1 » make the rules as Derfect as tliBV Dossiblyj could ;; lie
did not wish the conference to stultify . iteelfr ftnd . concluded by moving ' ¦ ' -That Great Britain ; be divided into districts , to be distinguished hy-Ni < 3 .. 1 , 2 , 3 , &o ,, and that the directors be guided , jin ^ pureha ? - ing land , by the majority of free members in tue districts ; but Jand shall not be ^ ught ft second ; timeia anydistriet till a locatioii take place in eabh . ?; ,, ; Mr , Clark secondsd the motion , which was carried unanimously . . Mr . . Hobson moved , and Mr . Doylo seconded the following raoluton , " Tliat the number of tliatricts befive . " ; Mr . Wheelermoved , and Mr . Taylor seconded , the motion , "That » he number of districts be two—England autl Sc&iknd . " Th © society could not be ; earned out unless the resolution passed yesterday stood . . Mr . . Loach : The division of the country inte districts is the best plan that can be adopted , and the present resolution will not stultify the auts of yesterday .
Mr . Doylo : Entirely differed with Mr . Clark , although the seconder of the resolution passed yesterday , that tlie present resolution does- not stultify the previous acts of the conference-. Mr . O'Connor : What is being done now is doing an act of injustice to Manchester . The greater the number of the Manchester subscribers-, the sooner it will be satiated , and by that mean ? ti \ e other localities will sooner become entitled to the ballot .. The whole plan entirely depends upon tlie practicability of purchase , allotment , sale , and re-purchase of the allotment . . Mr . Vallance ; Had Mr . Clark ' s . motion , passed yesterday , been discarded by Mr . O'Connor ' s suggestion , it would have been much better , lie should however , now , vote for Mr , llobson ' s motion . ;„ No > doubt when it becomes generally known the country is divided into four districts there will be great competition in paying up the subscription . , Mr . Taylor ; The conference niiwt kgislato for tliff mass and not for individuals .
meat . 1 lie conference seemed very diffident in vesting Mr . Cuffay would vote for Mr . Wheeler ' s amend * power in tiiq hands of the directors . Mr . Canning would support the motion of Mr . Hob- * son ,- but could not agree with some of the speakers ' that if the resolution of yesterday had stood , the land would have bee » purchased in Lanrnshire . Mr : Shaw ; The motion of Mr . llobson came near to- realise what had been stated , not to removed- the sharslKiklcrs from thtjir usual place of re- aidt'DCC . Mr . flobson : "Jot * should not put the whole of the members- either in Lancashire or Yorkshire into one district . For the amendment .- , 4 Original motioD / . w ...- . » . 12
Mr . llebson ; in moving tho following resolution , istated , that it would , as far as practicable , remudy ; ! the evil of causing parties to remove from their disitricts . '" i'hat when the directors havo silcct ' d a ocality , anthmarle . ' t povullase in accordance with the [ previous resolution-, Che requisite number of resi--dents for the tillotinuntit , on such purchase , shall bo selected out of 3 he membess- resident in such district who'have paid up their shares . " Mi * . Smith seconded the motion . MR' Knight ' . * ou ! d oppoas'tlhe motion of Mr . Ilobson > with all thesnergy he possessed . Hk' Dixon theaxuoved the-ftllowiiigamendinent >— - "That the ballot ' be takerMi'oro the whole of theshareholders in tSe association- who havo paid uptheiyshares . " Mr , Leach seconded the amendment .
Mr . Vallance : © bscrvations- had been dropped ^ he woald not nier . tien any nanes , that tho ten--ference-were coming : to-the same conclusion as lasfcnight ; ttiat he deniatl ; : the question last night wa » - whcther'ihe selection of occup ;\ E 4 » should be madebefore the purchase oiraften No * doubt that wherethe greatest number of nienibcr&wcre , there wouldbe the grsatest chance- » f theincmbers being located , He shou' 3 ; therefore , vote for M * . Dixon's amend ' ment . Mr . Cmliy . would vote- for Mjr . Dixon ' s amendment . Mr . Doy ' . ifc : . Every man who hafijaid up his share will hiive liis > cluincu of tlse- prize . Bo not elogtheshareholder . }; -for if you do y . ou will io a great injury and injustice to the society .
JVlr . Clarh .-. In case of ; parties- not wishing to > locate in th a Manchester d : striet ,. 5 thi-y might give notice to the general secretary-, . who -would then communicate with -the district ,. aTi ( lthua < enablo theslmreholdcrs in that district to have another chance of a p . rize—this-is * perfectly applicable to tsvery district , iby this- meais , without bartering : the shares , yonisatisfy the wish of . 'both parties :. There are numbers of shareholdcrs-in Devonshire v ; ho would relinquish , ' tiieir prizes-if they .-weru eesrain of ystting a location near their own restdenro , Mr . Sherrington :: The mnierity © f shareholders , '• no doubt , could wish to reside-in liiair respective districts . ¦ .
Mr-.. O'Connor-:: You can ne-vwextlmdothe adoption of chances from ojieratioa inthia-soeieiy . There are plenty , of meiu ' ri'Manchester who- would be glad to > give a- bonus- to > members- who- may not wish to be lscated in tliq fortunate distyrafc . liy Mv . Dixon ' a motion you give every mcmbes ' &ehaucc ; bat if you confine the chance to a particular district , h would be-a veisy-grout injustice .. Y » u » Si > -thi ; r the mloptiou of tiie principle of < " Dome ,, Sweet ilojjie , " by making the ballot from the whole nien > b 8 i % Mr . Hobson :: What does-Miv Shirk propose by his resolution ?• Why , he proposes-thaS the ballot , in cases wiieiio the panties refused ,, or declined . to locate where- Wley had < . btaiu « Hlie pria ; , be extended to the whole shareholders ^; , thus giving thorn two chances . The resolution progosediby . himwlf would provide the greatest amount ot benefit to the shareholders .
Air . Leach :: The discussion of the quotiuu of the *' transfer of shares is very- promaturc . The object of the amendment is-to give- tho chances to the wliolaboily of-niviil-up shareholders-. Mr . G > . W . Wheeler inowd'tic following resoluv tioa : — " That the whole ol ' . th * proceedings of theconference ,. as- rela-tedi to-Mr .. ( . Mark ' s lesolution oiV the previous-day , should-be ruseanded . Mp . M'&ratliniov-ad thesusi }« n-ion of the stnsd " --ing orders , which was seeoniitid by Mr . O'Connssv . On a division—Mr . Wheeler ' s amendment I Mr . Bison ' s 12 Mr . Ilobson's -. — & The report will bo continued in our later editionsvli
Openingof The " X.Aot Conference.
OPENINGOF THE " X . AOT CONFERENCE .
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MoTiiiAM . —There will be lielil a meeting of aiiareholdcrs in the Land Socit-t ^ , on Sunday next , at-two ., o'clock , for the yurgos-o of electing the local officersin this branch . Marylkuoxh LoQ 4 ! jiJra . r—An adjourned discussion f ' roai Mr . Ba-rfclett ' s-loiitiK * of Sunday event&gv . DKC . 7 th , will take plaeo at the Coach l ' aintcrs '" Anus , Cireu . s-fetr . eet , Kew 4 W > a : Vr un Sunday evening , Dee , li , 18 i 5 , to couiKiancsu at eight o ' clock . Mrijinit * lett has promised to atteiail . Wkse Eiotsg . 13 kuhs . v . tb Mketisg . —ThUv . ; necting will be hel / 1 on Sunday , ^ to-morrow ) in tb&rWorking Man '* Ilall , BuQclxise-luue , Halifax , to cun > : uengc at twi-Lve- o'clock precisol . y . Halifax . — The luasnbers of the Chcwtist Cooperative Land . Sook'ty will meet in the ubyye room , at half-past t « o , on . business of imwovtasiee .
The O' 0 MMia ? aK « iov the funeral of t > iiif . late Win , . II .. Bain wLULmaab sin Sunday next ,- * £ .-sbc . vo ' c ! oclc precisely , at M : > . Itokc ' s , tiic ' Standard of Liberty , BvLck-lnne ,. SpiiaJ&srUs , to receive ilie , nionev , and , return fc ! ck « ts . fout ! fie play at the Standard Theatre ^ on the lOtbiinst .. 'They request all persons that havecither of tAe-abowsto forward the savjn , to the com- * niibtee . iVr . MKiiiLVTiKj ol ' tlio Executive ,- will ¦ lecture in the CLmrtibt rocta , Koclidale , 011 , Sunday ni-xts ,. the MtliLnsit . '
lli'tj .. — ' 11 i& members of the i' { u , l . l branch ofthe =. Co-operative Land Society , ar * requested to attend , a pubiie- meeting on Sunday nigjitiiu'xt , at six o ' clock ,, at the Fahitws , Arms , Sykcs-sivcei . _ Biwhtos . —A special general meeting of the G . b , ar ~ tists of this place will be helCtattthe . Cap of Liberty ,, on Monday evening next , Ifoceinber 35 th , to takointo consideration the propr-aty . of petitioning l ' arlia * mont for the restoration af > Krostv WuHiiWia ,, and Jones . A concert and bsilj will tsko pjace at tho Artichoke Inn , on New "S ' jcvWs eve ,, tor -the benefit oS " the veteran , Mr . Flowesv Tick < s 4 s , may lie nswl of Mr . lioser , Gardener-saeet : N&-. . Williams , likings s-treet ; Mr . Bourne , Ifread-styeei-, ; Mr . . 'UullcU , Jew-street ; Mr . Fe . < jner , UsedcricWreet ; . Mi \ Mitchell , Wood-strati tre . « uvei ; - ; : Mr . J ... Fa ^ e , Camclford-street , ssei-etavy » o » - at the bar oi' ihe above house .
Bristol . —1 hisj . hr . anch . oVtfte Chartist Co-c-povaiiv& Land Society wjft ; meet every Monday eveninst , afe eight o ' clock , n ; iMr . francouib ' s , ISo . " 102 , Temple , street . SouTinvA ' . Oi —The members of the South London Chartist I iall locality are requested la meet in t ! io above haM , on Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clook . At ejtjhf , o ' clock a discussion will take place . Subject — " 1 ' . its present state of the country , and the proba"Ic e ' ieet of a repeal-of the Corn Laws . " Oiiabtist Festival . — A convivial dancing party v . ill be held in the Tempi ranee Hall , 52 , Rose-place , next door to St . Anne ' s Church , on Wednesday evening ( Christmas Eve ) , Dec . Wth . Tickets to be had it Mr . Farrell ' s , Temperance Hotel , i , Cazaneawitreet ; Mr . Goodfellow ' s , ' Temperance Ilotcl , Tarlf on-street ; from the secretary in the roim , on . Monday evenings , from seven till ton o ' cLck ; or from the members of the council .
/Mtlkomihs; Itetingsu
/ MtlKomiHs ; itetingsu
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VOL . \ IX . NO . 422 . LONDON , SA IEBPffi ^ wp 32 &Eg ^ Z ^
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 13, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1345/page/1/
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