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AMERICAN AKJtAlKS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE OREGON QUESTION . DIPLOMATIC COnKEsro . VDKXCE BETWEEX TIIE BRITISH ASD JOaERICAS GOVERNMENTS . The papers brought by the Cambria contains the whole of the diplomatic correspondence between tlie American asd British ministers , upon the Oregon question . As this correspondence , if given entire , would occupy nearly three pages of this journal , we must confine ourselves to a statement of the chief grounds on which the claims of the respective parties arc asserted and denied .
It appears from the despatches of Messrs . Calhonn and Buchanan , that the American government makes ttvo separate claims . First , it claims the possession of the whole of the Oregon territory . This claim it founds on the fact of its having obtained from Spain , in the year 1 S 19 , by t ' le Florida treaty , a surrender of all rights possessed by that country north of the 42 ud deg . of N . latitude , and also in 1 S 03 , by the treaty of Louisiana , the whole of the territory in North America formerly belonging to France . Second , it claims an exclusive right to that part of the Oregon territory which is watered by the Columbia river , on the ground that Captain Gray , a citizen of the United States , was the first to pass the bar of that rirer in the ship Columbia , of Boston , on the 11 th of May , 1792 , when he sailed twenty-fir
miles up it , and gave it its name Columbia , after his ship ; and on the further ground , that one of the branches of the upper part of the river was explored by Lewis and Clarke , the well known American travell .-rs , in the year 1 S 05 . They state that the consequence of that exploration was the formation , in 2 S 11 , of the settlement of Astoria , by Mr . John Jacab Astor , the well known American merchant , which settlement , after having been occupied by the British , during the last American war , was restored at the end of it , under the first article of the treaty ef Ghent , which provided that all territories , places , andpossessions , whether taken by either partyfrom the other during the war , or which maybe taken after the signing of the treaty , excepting certain islands in the Bay of Fundy , should be restored without « 1 riar .
The British Ambassador first proceeds altogether to deny the claim of the United States to the possession of the Columbia valley , on the grounds of digcovery and exploration , lie contends that on this ground the British Government can make out a lieUer claim to the territory tlu « n the United States , and that the whole argument which the American Government founds on the discovery of the Columbia River by Cajitain Gray is in direct contradiction to that on which it rests its claim to the . tst of the ¦ territory , namely , that Spain possessed an undoubted Mght to the whole of this territory , which right was made over to the United States by > the treaty of Tiffiidain 1810 . He maintains that if the United States Government is correct in asserting that the whole tc-nitory in dispute belonged to Spam at ( he time when Captain Gray entered Columbia River
tuen Captain Gray merely entered upon a territory which belonged of right te another state , and could not cenfer any title on the government of his own csnntry . He also contends that if at the time when Captain Gray made his voyage the country belonged neither to Spain nor any ono else , then Spain having bo right of her own , could confer none to the United States by the treaty of Florida . In reply to this efforts are made by the American negotiators to show that though Spain had no right on this coast in 1 ? S 9 which could prevent Captain Gray from establishing an absolute right to the mouth of the Columbia Paver and the whole of the region traversed by its waters , yet that it had rights , founded on the undisputed possesion of centuries . authorising itto transfer the whole of the territory , the Oregon valley iucluded , io the United States , by the treatv of Florida
In discussing the claim of the United States to the while of the Oregon territory , the American Government relies first on the rights obtained from France , ly the treaty of Louisiana , in 1803 . On this point Mr . Colhonnsays : — The cessioa of Louisiana give us undisputed title west of the Mississippi , extending to the summit of the K yky Mountain * , and stretching south between tbat river and those mountains to the possessions of Spain , we line between which and ours was afterwards determined by the treaty of Florida . It also added much to the strength of our title to the region tey-md the Rocky Mountains , by restoring to us the imponant link of continuity westward to the Pacific mi L , ll 5 en r SUiTendered b * t « e treaty of 1763-1 as will oe hereafterskown . In answer to this claim , Mr . Pakenham saw - cd
+ JX ?^ i T f ™?\ France originates in the SLl f > W , " * Loais 5 ana w ceded to the tinted States with all its rights and appurtenances , as fully an- in the same manner as they had been a * trwuspunu founded on the treaty concluded with Si" *" , } ? % T 1 SI 0 » * Mf to Catholic Majesty ceded to the United States all his ri-hts ^ f' ^ 'V ^ T tUe tenUo malyiiigeart and north of acertim line terminating on the Pacific in the forty-sccoud degree of north latitude Departing fona the order in which these three separate claims are presented by the American plenipotentiary , tuc British plenipotentiarv will first hPK
leave to observe , with regard to the claim derived worn trance , that he has not been able to discover any evidence tending to establish the belief that Uuisiana , as unginall ? possessed by Fraucc , afterwards transferred to Spain , then retroceded by Spain to i ranee , and ultimately ceded by tlic latter power to the United States , extending in a westerly direction beyoad the Rocky Mountains . There is on the other hand , strong retson to suppose that at the time wlica Louisiana was ceded to the UnitedStates its acknowledged western boundary was the Rocky - ilountains . Such appears to have been the opinion < ii insicent Jefferson , under whose auspices the acquisitionot Louisiana was ccomplished in a letter written by him in August , 1 S 03 , are to biiound the following words : — "The boundaries ( of Louisiana ! which I «>« nnt
adouMng quKUM , iin the high lands on the western side ottiie Mississippi , inclosing all its waters—the uissmri , ot c-jurse-aud terminating in the line drawn from the nortli-west source of the Like of the Ifruods to me nearest source of the Mississippi , as lately settled uetween Great Britain and the Umted fcwtcs . la another and more formal document , dated in Joiy , 180 , —that is to say , nearly a vear after the i « l « ira ot Lewes and Clarke from their expedition to tbc Pacjhc , and fittceu years after Gray had entered the Colombia riveris
-recorded Mr . Jefferson ' s opinion of the policy giving offence to Suaiu by the intimation that tlie claims of the United States extended to the Pacific ; and we have the authority of an American historian , distinguished for the attention and regard ! vhw , he has bestowed on the whoic su-jectol the Orepn Territory , for concluding that l . vV ^ f / 'J ^ jmdanes of Louisiana , as it was ceiled by France to the United . States , were those indicated by uatare-nainely , the high lands separating the waters of tke Mississippi from those falling into the
Of far greater importance is the claim to the whole Oregon territory which the United States professes tj have derived from the government , of Spain , under ihe Florida treaty . On this pj ^ -t of the su !> i-v-r . the American negotiator says : The claims which we have acquired from her between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific rest ou her priority of discovery . Numerous voyages ot discover ? , commencing whit tliat of Maldonado in 152 s , and eudiu- with tint under Galiano and \ aldes 1702 , were undertaken , Uv l « r autnoritv aS-T . « the north western coast of North America ' Tliat they discovered and exploicd not only the entire C 03 M , of what is now called the Oregon " Territorv lut sfiil further north , is a fact fcm well established
to be controverted at this day . The voyages which they pi-rl-JKued will accordiusly bs passed over at present witfcmit b : ; n particular ] ? uiliided to , with the exeejuioa ot tiiat of llcccra . His discover ? of the moatU of the Columbia River has b »< -n alrcadv relcrre . 1 to . It was mafic on tk 515 th of Au-ust , 1775 > .-nan / rears .-interiort-. the voyages of Mearesand \ sncauvcr , and was prior to Cook ' s , whodid not reach we nyrtu-nestern coast until 1778 . ' The claims it j » ve to S ; . iin of priority ofdhcovciv were transferred to ik . _ wah all others belon ^ m to her , i » v the treaty of 1--onJa ; winch , added to" the dis-ovcries oi UjtauUny , iilqecsonr right to the discover * - < . i t ! m immtli : mJ entrance to the iui-t and riveV bevaud ail controversy .
la answer to t'ais claim , Mr . Pakcuham makes the fo ' iowia ^ remarks : — : \ y : ; t copies to be examined the claim derived from b ] '»! t'U . tJl ! 'f vJ ^ k « -KSnowlcdgcd that , by the w-V « - , laI'J , s ; iain « lid cmvejlo ^ eUnited States iui tdj ., > M nm t ! w fowar t 0 dispose of on llic north-*<> i- ^ - j rf Amcna , north of the « ud parallel « f Jaf-wJc ; baishecould not , by tlut teuiaetion , auuul
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or invalidate the rights which she had , by a previous transaction , acknowledged to belong to another power . By the treaty of 28 th October , 1790 , Spain acknowkdged in Great Britain certain rights with respect to those parts of the western coast of America not already occupied . This acknowledgment had reference e&pecially to the territory which forms the subject of the present negotiation . If Spain could not make good her own right to exclusive dominion over those regions , still less could she confer such a right on another power ; and hence Great Britain argues that from nothing deduced from the treaty of 1819 can the United States assert a valid claim to exclusive dominion over any part of the Oregon territory .
The answer of the American negotiators to this is , that the treaty between England and Spain in 1790 , was a mere temporary treaty which expired in the year 1790 , when war broke out between the two countries , and which has never since been renewed . This , Mr . Pakenham , on the partof his government , altogether denies , contending that the treaty in question was not a concession of favours , on the part of Spain to England , but simply a recognition of rights which existed before the treaty was concluded . As this is the grand question on which the whole of this controversy turns , we give , in the following extract , Mr . Callioun ' s statement on the subject , together with Mr . Pakenham ' s answer to it , and Mr . Buchanan ' s rejoinder . The two former will be both found embodied in the following extract from Mr . Pakenham ' s last letter to Mr . Calhoun , dated Washington , July 29 th , 1 S 15 : —
In this paper it is stated , that "the title of the United States to that portion of the Oregon territory between the valley of the Columbia and the Russian line , in 5 i deg . 40 min . north latitude , is recorded in the Florida treaty . —Under this treaty , dated on the 22 nd of February , 1819 , Spain ceded to the United States all her rights , claims , and pretensions to any territories west of the Rocky Mountains , and north ot the 42 nd parallel of latitude . "— " We contend , " says the Secretary of State , "that at the date of this convention , Spain had a good title , as against Great Britain , to the whole of the Oregon territory ; and , if this be established , the question is then decided in favour of the United States , " the convention between Great Britain and Spain , signed at the Escurial , on the 28 th of October , 1790 , notwithstanding .
"If , " says the American plenipotentiary , "it should appear that this treaty was transient in its very nature ; that it conferred upon Great Britain uo right but that of merely trading with the Indians , whilst the country should remain unsettled , and making the necessary establishments for this purpose ; that it did not interfere with the ultimate sovereignty of Spain over the territory ; and , above all , that it was annulled by the war between Spain and Great Britain , in 1790 , and has never since been renewed by the parties , tuen the British claim to any portion of the territory will pvove to be destitute ol foundation . "
The undersigned will endeavour to show , not only that when Spain concluded with the United States the treaty of 1819 , commonly called the Florida treaty , the convention concluded between the former power and Great Britain , in 1790 , was considered by the parties to it to be still in force ; but even that , if no such treaty had ever existed , Great Britain would stand , with reference to a claim to the Oregon territory , in a position at least as favourable as tho United States . The treaty of 1790 is not appealed to by theBritish government , as the American plenipotentiary seems to suppose , as their " main reliance" in the present discussion ; it is appealed to to stow that , bv the
treaty of 1819 , by which " Spain ceded to the United States all her rights , ctairas , and pretensions to any territories west of the Rocky Mouutains , and north of the 42 nd parallel of latitude , " the United States acquired no right to exclusive dominion over any part of the Oregon territory . The treaty of 1790 embraced , in fact , a variety of objects . It partook in some of its stipulations of the nature of a commercial convention ; in other respects , it must be considered as an acknowledgment of existing rights—an admission of certain principles of international law , not to be revoked at the pleasure of either party , or to be set aside by a cessation of friendly relations between them .
Viewed in the former light , its stipulations might have been eonsidewd as cancelled in consequence of the war which subsequently took place between the contracting parties , were it not tkat by the treaty concluded at Madrid on the 28 th of August , 1814 , it was declared that all the treaties of commerce which subsisted between the two nations ( Great Britain and Spain ) in 1796 , were thereby ratified and confirmed . In the latter point of view , the restoration of a state of peace was of itself sufficient to restore the admissions contained in the convention of 1790 to their full original force and vigour . There besides
are , , very positive reasons for concluding that Spain did not consider the stipulations of the Kootka convention to have been revoked by the war of 179 G , so as to require , in order to be binding on her , that they should have been expresslv revived or renewed on the restoration of peace between the two countries . Had Spain considered that convention to have been annulled by the war ; in other words , had she considered herself restored to her former position and pretensions with respect to the exclusive dominion over the unoccupied parts of the North American continent , it is not to be imagined that she would lw . ve passively submitted to see the contending claims of Great Britain and the United States to a portion of that territory the subject of negotiation and formal diplomatic transactions between those two nations .
It is , on the contrary , from her silence with respect to the continued occupation by the British , of their settlements in the Columbia territory , subsequently to the convention of 1 SU , and when as yet there had been no transfer of Iwr rights , claims , or pretensions to the United States ; and from her silence while important negotiations respecting the Columbia territory , incompatible altogether with her ancient claim to exclusive dominion , were in progress between Great Britain and the United States , fairly to be inferred that Spaia considered the stipulations of the Nootka convention , and the principles therein laid down , to be stilUn force . In the last dispatch published , which " is the one handed in to Mr . Pakenham , on the 30 th August , by Mr . Buchanan , the present American Secretary for Foreign Affaire , the following answer is made to the above argument : — .
The second proposition of the British plenipotentiary deserves greater attention . Does the Nootka Sound convention belong to that class of treaties containing " an acknowledgment of subsisting rights —an admission of certain principles of international law" not to be abrogated bj war ? Had Spain by this convention acknowledged the right of all nations to make discoveries , plant settlements , and establish colonies on the north-west coast of America , bringing witb . them their sovereign jurisdiction , there would have been much force iu the argument . But such an admission never was made , and never was intended to be made \> y Spain . Tho Nootka convention is arbitrary and artificial in the highest degree , and is any thing rather than the mere
acknowledgment of simple and elementary principles cousecrated by the law of nations . In all its provisions it is expressly confined to Great Britain and Spain , and acknowledges no right whatever in an ^ third power to interiere with the north-west coast of America . Neither in its terms , nor in its essence , does it contain any acknowledgment of previously subsisting territorial nglife in Great Britain , or any other nation . It is strictly confined to future engagements , and these are of a most peculiar character . Even under the construction of its provisions maintained bv Great Bntaiu , her claim does notwetoul to pUxni ' colonki , which she would have a right to do under the law of nations , had the country been unappropriated ; but it is limited to a mere right of joint occupancy , not
m respect to any part , but to the whole , the sovereignty remaining in abeyance . And to what kind of occupancy ? Not separate and distinct colonies but scattered settlements , iutermingled with each other , over the whole surface of the territory , for the single purpose of trading with the ludians , to all of which the subjects of each power should have free access , the right of exclusive dominion' remaining suspended . Surely , it cannot be successfully contended that such a treaty is " an admission of certain principles of international law , " so sacred and so perpetual in their nature as not to be annulled by war . On the contrary , from the character of its provisions , it cannot be supposed for a single moment tuat it was intended for any purpose but that of a mere temporary arrangement between Great Britain
ana Spain . Ihe law of nations recognises no such principles in regard to unappropriated territory as those embraced in this treat ;; and the British plenipotentiary mu-t fail in the attempt to prove that it contains " an admission of certain principles of international law" which will survive the shock of war but the British plenipotentiary contends that from the silence ot Spain during the negotiations of ISIS between Great Britain and the United States respecting the Oregon territory , as well as "from her snence with respect to the continued occupation bv the British of their settlements in the Columbia territory , subsequently to the convention of 1314 " it may fairly " be inferred that Spain considered the stipulations of the Nootka convention , and the principles therein laid down , to be still in fhra >"
fhe undersigned cannot imagine a case where the obligations of a treaty , once extinguished by war can be revived without a positive agreement to this efieot between the parties . Even if both parti * , after the conclusion of peace , should perform positive and um-qitivoeai acts in accordance with its provisions , those must be construed as merely volun-
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tary , to be discontinued by either at pleasure . But in the present case , it is not even pretended that Spain performed any act in accordance with the convention of Nootka Sound , after her treaty with Great Britain of 1814 . Her mere silence is relied upon to revive that convention . Tke undersigned asserts confidently , that neither by public nor private law will the mere silence ef one party , whilst another is encroaching upon his rights , even if he bad knowledge of his encroachment , deprive him of these rights . If this principle be correct as applied to individuals , it holds with much greater force in regard to nations . The feeble may not be in a condition to complain against the powerful ; and thus the encroachment of the strong woiild convert itself into a perfect title against the weak .
In the present case , it was scarcely possible for Spain even to have learned the pendency of negotiations between the United States and Great Britain , in relation to the north-west coast of America , before she had ceded all her rights on that coast to the former by the Florida treaty of 22 nd of Feb ., 1819 . The convention of joint occupation between the United States and Great Britain was not signed at London until tke 20 th of October . 1818—but four months previous to the date of the Florida treaty ; and the ratifications were not exchanged , and the
convention published , until the 30 thot January , 1819 . Besides , the negotiations which terminated in the Florida treaty had been commenced as early as December , 1813 , and were in full progress on the 20 th of October , 1818 , when the convention was signod between Great Britain and the United States . It doeB not appear , therefore , that Spain had any knowledge of the existence of these negotiations ; and even if this were otherwise , she would have had no motive to complain , as she was in the very act of transferring all her rights to the United States .
The above is the great point on which the whole o this question turns . Mr . Pakenham ' s arguments have not convinced the American government , nor will Mr . Buchanan ' s convince the British government . In this difficulty there arc only two courses , the one the arbitration of an impartial third party , the other war . It will be seen from the following correspondence , that the British government has invited the American government to adopt the just , peaeeful , and hononrable course of arbitration , and that that government has refused it .
MR . PAKENHXM TO MB , CALIIOUM . Washington , Jan . 15 , 1845 . Sir , —I did not fail to communicate to her Majesty's government all tnat had passed between us , with reference to the question of the Oregon boundary , up to the end of last September , as detailed in the written statements interchanged by us , and in the protocols of ouv conference . Those papers remain under the consideration of her Majesty ' s government ; and I have reason to believe that , at no distant period , I shall be put in
possession of the views of her Majesty's government , on the several points which became most prominent in the course of the discussion . But considering , on the one hand , the impatience which is manifested in the United States for a settlement of this question , and on the other , the length of time which would probably be still required to effect a satisfactory adjustment , of it between the two governments , it has occurred to her Majecty ' s government that , under such circumstances , no more fair or honourable mode of settling the question could be adopted than that of arbitration .
Ihis proposition I am accordingly authorised to offer for the consideration of the government of the United States ; and , under the supposition that it may be found acceptable , further to suggest that the consent of both parties to such a course of proceeding being record e d by an interchange of notes , the choice of an arbiter , and the mode in which their respective cases shall be laid before him , may hereafter be made the subject of a move formal agreement between the two governments . —I have the honour to be , with higk consideration , sir , your obedient servant , R . Takesham . Hon . John C . Calhoun .
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An Iron Steam Fhioate . — A most magnificent iron steam frigate , built expressly for the royal navy , was launched on the Mersey , on Tuesday , from the yard at North Birkenhead . This is tho first large vessel of war ever built on the shores of that noble river , and , therefore , a few particulars respecting her may be interesting . Her dimensions are as follows : — Length between perpendiculars 210 feet . Breadth within paddle-wheels 37 * feet . Ditto outside ditto COJ feet . Depth of hold 23 * feet . Tonnage ( carpenter ' s measurement ) ... 14 OO tons . She will be propelled by paddle-wheels , and the engines will be of 360 horse-power . The engine-room , magaiine , and shell-room are all protected by iron encasements . The upper deck is flush , and of creat
area , and there are two other decks below , the height between which is ample . This fine vessel was , by command of the Admiralty , christened " The Birkenhead . " Her armament will be two 9 ( 5 pound first guns , one forward and the other aft , and four 08 pounder broadside guns ; so that with the aid of her steam she will prove a formidable opponent to any adversary . The launch took place exactly at twonty minutes past eleven , and the ceremony of christening was performed by the Marchioness of Westminster . There were present , in addition to her ladyship , the Marquis of Westminster , the Earl of Wilton , Sir Philip and Lady Egerton , Sir Edward and Ladr Oust , Mr . Irland Blackburn , M . P ., and a host of the principal gentry in South Cheshire . The Admiralty was represented by Captain Black , R . N .
Destruction of a jlarsk Mat near Kekdal . — On Saturday night last the neighbourhood of Keadal w visited with a severe pale of wind and rain , which effected the almost entire destruction of a very arge and extensive mill at Scar Fort , near Kendal , ¦ he property of Messrs . G . and J . Braithwaite , manufacturers , which was in the course of buildin " . It appears that the roof of the building , which was composed of massive balks of wood supported by iron pillars , was not entirely completed , and the hurricane tore away some of the yet unfinished , and probably not effectually fixed , beams , and they fell witU a dreadful crash , leaving the bare walls standing , which were much damaged . The force of the shock
may in some measure be estimated by the fact that many of the ponderous beams of wood were smashed m several places , and the iron pillars were likewise broken to atoms . What renders the circumstance more extraordinary , is that the building is almost surrounded by a mountainous rocky precipice , and that no other property has been destroyed in the neighbourhood . From tho extensive character of the bttihling , and the romantic spot in which it is situated , it has been the resort of great numbers of people from the neighbourhood ; and when they paid it a visit on Sunday last , they were astonished at seeing onlv a heap of rums .
The Co syicis under Sesience of DmiL-It has at length been finallyarranged that the execution of the two unhappy criminals , Martha Browning an'd bamuelQuennell , who were convicted of murder at the last session of the Central Criminal Court , shall take place on Monday next ; the former at tho usual spot m front of tlie gaol of Newgate , and the latter on the top of the Suney county gaol at Horsemongerlane . Witimi the last few days a petition has been sent to the Home Secretary by the relations of y , uenncH , praying for a commutation of the senfcm ™
, on account ot the state of his mind ; but as there did not seem to be any evidence or facts to warrant the conclusion that his mind was affected , an answer was returned from the Home-office , stating tliat the S was of a character as would not warrant any intercrenceon the partof the authorities with the sentenee of the law , and that it must , therefore , take its M-WjuahsS j ta ¦ tto mymony proceeded with l , ta £ ? i £ . tee ^ te ^ k ^ fi
u » offender and vindicate their rcspce abil £ » For tesssscK « St K 1 > rCSCnt muiun « ' » cvealed .-
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THE YARMOUTH MURDER .
EXAMINATION OF YARIIAM . Yarmouth , Dec . 29 . —Sinco the announcement of Yarham ' s apprehension a variety of circumstances have transpired tending to throw light upon this extraordinary murder . In consequence of astntement made by Mrs . Dick , alleging that she had had a conversation with Yarham in which he admitted a guilty participation , indeed tliat he had inflicted the wound thatte-r initiated the existence of his victim , the magistrates of the borough determined to take the first advice with respect to any ulterior proceedings that might be required to satisfy the ends of justice . Their , great difHculty arose upon the following point . —whether Yarhara , having been originally included in the indictment and subsequently admitted as evidence for
the crown , could bo afterwards indicted as a principal . Mr . Holt , the clerk to the bench of magistrates , prepared a case for the opinion of the Attorney-General , which that learned gentleman returned to the following effect - . —that the fact of a man having been admitted approver was no bar to an after prosecution as a principal , if it could bo proved satisfactorily tliat he broke faith with the prosecution , and did not reveal all the facts within his knowledge . Upon the receipt of this opinion a warrant was placed in tho hands of Captain Love , the superintendent of police , who , accompanied by Serjeant Coleman , proceeded in search of Yarham , who was apprehended in tho manner already announced . He was brought to Yarmouth on the following Sundav
morning , and on Monday was remanded until this day , when the magistrates met in a private parlour at the gaol for the purpose of again remanding him . It may bo remembered that Mrs . Dick , in her sworn information , stated that a conversation took place between herself and Yarnham , three weeks after the trial , whereas it can be proved , by reference to the parish books , that on the 22 nd of April Yarham received the sum of £ 3 from the parish to enable him to quit the town , and also that he sailed for London the following day by the steam-boat , a fortnight after the trial , and not three weeks , as stated , by Mi's . Dick . This woman ' s statement is most extraordinary ; and , from its extreme improbability , is very generally discredited in the town . At
the same time no reason can be assigned why she should fabricate a talc which , if not fully proved , must involve her in serious cousequences . She has recently become connected with a sect denominated Ranters , or Pr imitive Methodists , and not unfrequently travels on Sundays a distance of twelve or fourteen miles to preach . Yarham had authorised his father to give his address to any person in amtnority requiring it . The following letter to his father and mother fully corroborate this assertion , and shows the state of the prisoner ' s mind , and the line of defence he will probably adopt , should the magistrate determine to send him for trial . The letter is a verbatim copy : — " December 7 , 1845 .
"Dear Parents—We received your welcome Jettcr , and was glad to hear that you were all as well as could be expected under the circumstances , though you did not send us word the _ particulars ; but yesterday week , Nov . 29 th , I r eceived a newspaper and letter from Sarah ' s sister in Chatham , and on'looking over it I was thunderstruck to see a long paragraph of a confession that I was said to make to Mrs Dick , previous to my leaving Yarmouth , in fact , three weeks after the trial ; when at the same time I was not in town but a fortnight , and can truly say that I never saw Mrs . Dick after the day I came down in the train from . Norwich . But it appears some persons have nothing else to do but to invent lies , and whoever it was that arc so base and wicked , 1 wish that
the Almighty would strike them dumb , and then we should be able to discover who arc our friends and who are our enemies ; but , however , it is no use wishing that . I should think their own conscience , for knowingly ^ inventing a lie , is sufficient to punish them . But let them say what they like , bloss the Lord , 1 am as innocent of that as tke child unborn , and the reason that I did not wish you to tell or let my address be known was not on account of any guilt , butthat my enemies and yours should not know , as I believe some of them would glory in letting my employer know , or anybody else , when they could annoy me by so doiug , and that is the reason I have not wrote to anybody besides you and Sarah ' s sister , and her only once . Tell Mr . and Mrs . Freeman the
reason I have not wrote to them , but if they know my address , I should like to hear from them at any time , but not to keep it from anybody that is in authority , as I have written to Mr . G . Palmer , Mr . Crifande , and Mr . Kemp , some time since , and about the railway there is one from London to Glostev and it is sixteen miles from Gloster to me , and there is a mail coach runs through every night , and a van every Saturday , but I cannot say much more . Thanks be to God our health is as usual . I have got a very comfortable master ; he is a member of the Baptist Connection . We attend the chapel with him . Give our love to all . If any body ask you where I live ,
tell them close to Gibraltar , as there is a hill close to H 8 called Gibralter , and that won't be a He . Remember us to all enquiring friends . I know that James is in the habit of going to old Bick ' s , in Swan-street ; and I can prove that he was one of the worst enemies we had , for what she told ' Sarah ' s sister you would not credit ; and that is where a certain vagabond got most of kis information from : but enough of that , they have got to answer for themselves before a higher tribunal than any earthly one . I must conclude with our love to you all ; and believe we to remain your affectionate son and daughter . „ ,,, "S . andS . Y . " ' Address as usual . "
'P . S . I wish you all a happy Christmas and a prosperous new year , if the Lord see bo fit as to spare us , if not , may we be found preparedfor aplace above . When you write send the name of the new mayor . tVnte soon , and let me beg of you not to make yourselves uncomfortable , and prepare your mind for anything that may be said , for you may depend upon it there will be many reports raised until tho truth comes out . Yarham conducted himaelf before the magistrates with the utmost composure . His personal appearance remains about the same as when ho appeared m court at the time of the trial . The public will be admitted to hear the next proceeding .
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THE SOUTH STAFFOItDSHIItE MINERS . The South Staffordshire miners held a delegate meeting on Monday , December 29 , to elect a delegate to the forthcoming conference , to be held at Ilkston , at th& house of Mr . Charles Hill , HorsleyncHs , Wolverhampton . Dele"atea were present from Bloxwich , Tipton , Wolrerhampton , Weduosiield , Keath , and Bilston . Mr . Brown in the chair . Mr . James Blakeway was duly elected to conference . At the close it was agreed that the next delegate meeting of the miners be held at Mr . Mortiboj-s , sign of the Littlo Swan , HarsleyficMs , Wolrerliampton ,, on Monday , January 12 , at eleven in the fovenoon . John Jones . Deputy Secretary .
T . S . I am told you hare rejected the miners reports beforetime , wliich I am doubtful ; but , if so , I must have a word with Mr , O'Connor . [ John Jones must possess no little assurance to hare been capablo of penning the nbove postscript . He has been " told" we have rejected " miners' reports . " Have : we rejected any report he has sent ? If not , what causefor compliant has he , and why should he repeat the gross untruth he lias been " told V WerequeBt John Jones tcact with more sense for tlie future than he shows by his insulting threat to " have a word with Mr . O'Connor . " " We are neither 6 chool-boy nor apprentice , and we know , and can perform , our duties , without the meddling interference of John Jones , ]
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To the Opebative Plasterers of Cheat Bbit-us and IBI . LAND . —At a general meeting ot the operative plasterers of Manchester , held at the Railway Inn , Deansgate , on the 6 th of . December , 1845 , it was unanimously resolved , —" That a meeting of delegates from all parti of the united kingdom be called for the purpose of effecting a more efficient organisation among the operative plasterers than at present exists ; and that a corresponding committee be appointed to carry this object into effect . " We , therefore , as the committee appointed for that purpose , beg earnestly and affectionately to call the attention of our fellow workmen to this subject , as one of the greatest importance to our general welfare , and < i subject in which all are deeply interested . Thg wonderful results thut have proceeded from union need
scarcely be enumerated here , for , with many of thesesuch as railways , and other gigantic undertakings—you flre already sufficiently acquainted to perceive that tliespirit of the age tve live in demands union and concord , whenever anything worthy of notice is contemplated , Unioi&is strength—division , is very weakness ; and all viho are not sufficiently advanced to act in accordance with the spirit and necessity of the times , must be content to dwindle into insignificance , or pass into oblivion , while the prompt nnd energetic alone will be able tosecure themselves any real or permanent advantage . la addressing you , we speak as to brethren having a common interest and end in view . Our object , therefore , is that , as brethren , we may more fully know and uiideratand each other ; more fully sympathise with , and assist
each other ; tliat we may , in fact , b « enabled to do good for and to taeh other , and injury to none . We would carefully abstain from blame and harsh imputations upon , any one , either employer or employed , as measures and nut men , have to be considered , and in proportion as we submit to the dictates of wisdom , and prudence , so far shall we be deswrving of the ceuntenance and support of all good and intelligent men , who , whether employers or workmen , will soon perctive that their interests are identical , and cannot be separated without injury to both While we fully affirm that our present position as workmen is not what we consider right and desirable , we would seek the cause mainly in oussulves ; for if out past efforts have only been of a local and trifling
character , it is but reasonable to expect that onl y trilling and insignificant good could have been effected thereby . Let us , therefore , put away the weakness of our boyhood , and , assuming the position ef men , we may justly expect to be treated and acknowledged as such , for it is onl y when ire truly respect ourselves , that we need look for respect from others . All who are wishful for the accomplishment of this object will please to correspond with . Vr . James Gourley , No . 1 , Fletcher-square , Brook-street , Hulme , Manchester , relative to sending of delegates to the general delegate meeting « f plasterers , to be held in Manchester , on the 2-tth day of February , 1840 . William Falmeb , President , James Gocklet , Secretary Gilbert Macbeth , John Dickinson , Richard Rtcley .
. To the Colliers of England and Wales . ^ We beg to inform you , that there are , at presunt , upwards of two uundeed colliers now on stjuke in Wigan , and more than that number in other places iu Lancashire , foe wagis ,. wliich every workitig man ought to have , and may , if he will take proper steps to obtain It . Some of our masters have their agents prowling about the country , seekin * - men to fill up our places while we are on strike—they only want you to assist them iu their dirty work , We hopeyou will not be Ud astray b y them—we hope you will watch them , for they are as cunning as foses—they will tell you that they have some new pits to start , but have no men to work them—they will tell you this , and make you very fine promises , all for the purpose of leading you from your homes , and as soon as their old men will go to work for themat their
, master ' s terms , you , who have been their tools , may then go where you think proper for what they care . Now , we hope you will take timel y warning , and not be deceived by them , but stop at home and endeavour to obtain good wages ou your own native soil Some of our masters say that they can have plenty of meii from Wales , Derbj&Uive , Glostevshire , and other places to work at any price , but we hope better things of themwe hope they will not disgrace their country and their name , to be tools for tyrants , for if they do , the will briiiK poverty , degradation , want , and misery upon their own heads , and many thousands beside . We again advise you not to be deceived by foul pretenders . — We remain yours , on behalf of the committee of the Wigan district ' John Berki , secretary , Jaxes PaiCE , agent to the as ' - souiation . Wigan , Dec . 23 . 18 « .
Katiosai United Tbades Association for tbf Em plotcjient of Labocr . — President : T . S . Duneombe M . P . Since our last report , the Protective Society of Coachmakers , meeting at the Bird-in-Uaad , Long-acre have taken out forty shares . They have also denounced their determination to attach themselves to the United Trades'Association for tho Protection of Industry . Glasgow "Justice "— "Sailors and Crimps . "—Mr Ecitob , —In the 10 th sec . of the Act Sth and 9 th Vic ' chap . 110 , it is enacted , ' < That if any person shall deman ' ii or recdoe from any seaman , or other person , other than the owner , part owner , master , orshiphusband , or person in charge of a merchant-shi p , or vessel , any remuneration whatever , either directly , or indirectly , for and on account of the having , supplying , or providing of any seamanhe
, shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding five pounds " Now , on the 6 th ult ., I raised an action against a crimn named Flett , of the firm of Boyd , Flett , and Boyce , < Uws Barney Devins , for charging a seaman , named Smith money for shipping liim on board the Earl DaViousie Smith proved on o ., tl , the threats held out to unship him if ha did not pay tho amouut demanded . Another sea man , named Clark , proved on oath , that he saw soS silver money paid by Smith to the crimp , Flett at th ! time libelled , and also . ' added , " I paid 2 s . myS ; and 5 s more for whiskey , extorted from me by Plett and iS aisociatw , betore they would deliver the usual advance
£ Sh ^^ i ^ 02 ^ = = wKS ? atstirsH avj ^ ztsro Sn ^ money was demanded , and ho paidit ; the other II \ t & « r £ s : rS £ know of no appeal from such tyranny-lo ] £$ 0 '
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The Cape of Good Hope . —We- understand nn lt 1 »» K ~ S SS \ «! 5 ff £ M&K diverted to author purpose bv Mr . Hamilton lR &g £ XXSZ £ gs £ >f * Martley . about five miles from this place a Rich has total y destroyed all the outbuililing ' $ he f . J ? ihe fire broke out at about six o ' clock in tv . ! he ix a stable adjoining the * f 4 l ™ *^* TZ
two engines ( the I > hffinix \ ^ ^ ^ ^ rived tvom Worcester , and the house c 2 e St at Witlev Court , also arrived at about the amc f ? mp Ihe wind was at this time blowing '' Si ns " and it was soon apparent that notufn * could save the range ot buildings ; accordingly the etfoSoJ thefiro meu were directed to tho m-eservitinn « f h neks in the rickyard , whiiX £ ? \ ZFZ these were mercifully saved , the wind b oS ' iJ t contrary talon . The whole of the firm outbuildings however , ( the house was near ff rick yard , and safe from harm ) were totally destroied with the greater wart of their « v » tm , t . L * i " $ „
jrasa lar quantWcidcr , the ^ oJuc o he" ^ sent year s growth of fruit on the iarm , and as the ire caught the barrels th oy ^ urst , and it is computed hat . nearly thirty hogsheads of excellent cider has been lost , liio lu-e illuminated the countrv for many mil « s round , and when at its height , " exhibited a grand and avyliil spectacle , the flames roaring , and the lakeslot lire living along the fields for a considerable distance . It was not totally burnt out till bundiiy mortuiig . 1 he origin of the fire assumed at lirst a mysterious appearance , and some dark hints at ineendiansm were thrown out , but we believe there is no ground , u all for them , and that \\ m fi ™
was purely accidental , and arose as follows ; -A short time betore the lire was discovered , one of the hoys went to the stable with a lighted can : lle to look after the Horses . It is very reasonably supposed that while so occupied a spark fell amongst the loose straw , and smouldered there unpeiwived until after ' > iiMt the building , when it broke out into active name .
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MR . CALHOUN IO MR . PAKESHAMt Department of State , Washington , Jan . 21 , 1845 . Sir , — -I have laid before the President your communication of the 15 th inst ., offering , on the part of her Majesty ' s government , to submit th « settlement of tiie question between the two countries in reference to the Oregon territory to arbitration . The President instructs me to iuform you , that , while he unites with her Majesty ' s government in the desire to see the question settled as early as
may bo practicable , he caanot accede to the offer . Having all other reasons for declining it , it is sufficient to state that he continues to entertain the iiope that the question may be settled by the negotiation now pending between the two countries ; and that he is of the opiniou it would be unadvisable to entertain a proposal to resort to any other mode so long as there is hope of arriving at a satisfactory settlement by negotiation ; and especially to one which might rather retard than expedite its final adjustment .
I avail myself of this occasion to renew to you the assurance of my distinguished consideration . ' J . 0 . Cauioun . The Right Hon . R . Pakenham . < fec .
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¦» SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED MURDERS THROUGH DESTITUTION . On fiiesday afternoon , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., held an inquest at the Ben Johnson , Great Wilde-street , Drury-lane , upon the body of John Grainger , a blacksmith , aged 27 , who committed suicide , and attempted to kill his wife asid brother , under the following distressing circumstances : — ^ jury viewed the body of deceased , which lay at * , o . 9 , Lmcoln-court , in a room wretched in the extreme , and completely destitute of furniture
Anne Grainger , the wife of deceased , quite a young woman , and far advanced in pregnancy examined : The deceased , herself , and his brother , lived together . Her husband was out of work and all they had to live upon was what his brother earned which did not exceed Cs . a week . On the Saturdav preceding his death they lay in bed all day as they had nothing to eat . During that week he attempted thrice to cut her throat and his brother ' s while asleep . His brother leaped into the street out of the window to save his life . Her husband then endeavoured to hang himself . LasfChristmas Eve he got a quarter day ' s work , for which he was paid two shillings . When he returned home he exclaimed ti &llTi __^ Bi _ .. — t I'll' « « All have two
^ " I are shillings , and I owe my rent , they will turn us out . What will become of you ?" She endeavoured to comfort him , but in vain . About tine o ' clock at night he took his brother with him to purchase , as he said , two ounces of salts , but would not let his brother go into the druggist ' s shop with him . He returned home in three minutes , and getting two cups he dilute d the half of one package in each cup . He then laid to witness , " I am going to take some salts , I have got an ounce for you and un ounce for myself . It will do you good . " He drank off his cup , and fastening the door , seized her , threw her on the bed , holding in his hand an op en razor and exclaimed , " I am not goiner to leave vou for an v
one alter I die . " She implored of him to spare her lite , and ca led for help , when he said , " If you cry out , I wvll dash your brains out . " Witness at length released herself from his grasp , and succeeded in opening the door and procuring assistance . 'He however , pulled her back and kissed her , after whiell he made an effort to snatch the remainder of the poison from the landlady , but she threw it into the fire A doctor was sent for , but lie was a corpse before his arrival 'ihey were in the deepest poverty . The last article she pawned was her apron for sixpence and she had to borrow the dress in which she then appeared . Ihe poor creature during her evidence was in a paroxysm of grief . C T uct ^ . , dulyou not apply for relief to the parish ? The law will not allow people to starve Rugby the summoning officer , said , that if " her husband had no work , or even half employment , the parish would have relieved him
Examination resumed : Her husband was an exceedingly sober , hard-working , steady , young man ihey never quarrelled . Thrice in one night , wS " t out ot employ , he drew a razor across l ? cr ¦ th oat and on one occasion he drove nails into tbc . Z * to mng himself She ascertained that he 1 ad bou > l . t two ounces of oxalic acid , instead of sats wK portion of which he poisoned hiSf " ^ * a tticnanl Grainger , brother of deceased was novf examined and confirmed tho last 3 K& Sc ^ Although ho was seventeen years of ace so SiS | n I » b growth and so poverty-stricken ^ was 1 , tint c appeared to be not more than tvv U-o ywwif 4 e Jiff Eh ? Plet r S ( i " alid " >'»« y » < ° Su . ul been struck unon the ho ; xl win « i .. .. Si
, , iSK ^ CVCr " &M c ^ Ked of thS ^ ifif ' f lflndl A ^ llim . I » ta « He , and bro . Jh er a most excellent character . Verdict , " Illsa . The Coroner and jury raised a subscription to"Ki&iS * l e ™ tchcd woum nd hcl '
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Akothbr Lahok Bank Robbery . —A package containing 20 , 000 dollars , in bank bills , notes , checks < fcc , belonging to the Suffolk Bank , Boston , was stolen on lu-iday morning from Air . Monsou ' s sta « e on the route between Waltham and Boston A ° re ward ot 500 dollars is offered for its recovery and tho detection of the robbers . ~ iVi ( 7 « < % M « Ledger , Dc cember 9 . J ' Misbrable Delusiosasd Scasdamws Emibiiiox . —IHe Millerite delusion in New "Sork is leadin" to tlie most infamous practices . In Greene county " at a vi age a lew miles back of Oatekill , a company of Ahllentes consisting ot various ages and both sexes a lew weeks ago in expectation of the immediate cud of the irorid , eonatadiag that clothing was no longer necessary , shut themselves up together in a Mate oS perfect nudity for several days together Ihe discovery was made by the neiahfaonm . tW .. A
one o the young women , without a particle of clothing , being seen to go to the well for a p . iil of water and the poor deluded creatures could not be induced to resume their apparel till the authorities of the place interfered and compelled them to do so . These tacts are stated upon authority , the Hun aavs , the most unquestionable : " Sudden- Death in an 0 MNnrs . —0 n Wwlno ^ iv evening Mr . Bedford held an hiquest at thcSS Horse , bedlordbury , on the body of Thomas Scantlebury , age 11 , late stud groom to Mr . Tattersall , of llydc-park-corner and Willcsdon Paddocks . The deceased had complained of a severe pain in the region ot his heart for some months past , and , ou Sundav
morning , he got into an omnibus iu Cheapside , to co to St George ' s Hospital . Ou the arrival of the vehicle at Glmrmg-cross , he suddenly f ell from his seatto the bottom ot tho carriajre . He was assisted out . in an insensible state , and taken to the Ckarin * - cross Hospital , but life was quite extinct prior to h ! arrival . Dr . GoliKng attributed his death to the su . UUiii rupture of a blood-vessel of the heart . Verdict —Natural death .
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HAPPY ENGLAND ! Extremb DESTHUiros .--Late on Tuesday night , Mr . Bedford , the coroner , concluded an inquiry at the Three Elms , St . Anne's-street , Westminster , on tho body of Henry Nicholls , aged two months . The painful details elicited at this inquest excited the surprise and commiseration of every one who heard hem . The jury viewed the body , which presented all the appearance of a skeleton , from its extreme attenuation . Ruth Finch , a married woman , stated that she lived with her husband at a lodging-house , 37 , Old Pye-street . There were six beds in the room , occupied by married and single people , among whom were the father and mother of the deceased . Mr . Lavies , of Gr « at George-street , surgeon , observed \ uui / his
that not only were neus w , m mis way , uulieved a part of a bed could be had . The witness said it was so . On Christmas night the mother of the child called to her that it was ill , but ihe said it could not be so , as it cried so loudly . About six she called to her again , and then the child seemed dying , anp it soon after expired . No medical ^ aid was sent for . Emma Nicholls , the mother , saw on the hth of November she was committed to Westminister Bridewell for a month for begging , and the deceased was then but three weeks old . They were both very m at the time , but had every attention paid to them by Mr . Laver in the infirmary . Since she came out , which was on the 17 th of December , she had neither tasted meat nor porterher husband having been committed
, for four months for rescuing a prisoner . The jury said it was no wonder the child was a skeleton , when it or the mother had not common necessaries . I he mother said she had very little milk , end gave the child bread and milk and sugar . She had applied to the parish , but they would not assist her . A former child had died in St . Martin ' s Workhouse , Mr . Laries said he had no doubt the child had died from debility , arising from the want , on the part of the mother , of common necessaries . He had no reason to think the child had been ill used . Verdict" That the deceased died of atrophy ( debility ) caused by the mother wanting the common necessaries of life . "
The Dwellings op the Pooh . —On Tuesday Mr . Wakley , M . P ., held an inquest at the Duke _ of Clarence , Battle Bridge King's-cross , upon Harriet Jones , aged two years , whose parents reside in Weller ' scourfc , and who was burned to death during the ternporary absence of her grandmother . Upon the jury returning , after haying viewed the body , the foreman , addressing the coroner , said , 1 hope , sir , you will do your duty . —Coroner ( with surprise ) : What do you mean ? I trust that I always , at least , endeavour to do my duty . —Juror : My brother jurors and myself hope that you will draw public attention to the disgusting condition of the ho ) e in which the family live . We had to descend to it , and could not enter
it withoutstooping . The interior is truly horrifying . The flooring appeared to be common earth ; and in the same roem , which was quite damp , and the window of which had not a pane ofgiassto exclude the inclemency of the weather , we found an ass living with human beings . —Coroner : The place is truly revolting and sickening . I am sure that few imagine that such a hovel exists in London , yet I have met with hundreds worse than even that . I understand that a railway is likely to do away with all the miserable dwellings in that court—Juror : At all events the preBs should give publicity to the wretchedness of the poor beings inhabiting the hovels in Weller ' scourt . Verdict" Accidental death . "
Miserable Coxditiok op Hundreds of Ciiildres in Lo . ndon . —At the Mansion House , on Wednesday , three boys , the youngest of whom was eight years , and the eldest twelve years of age , were brought before the Lord Mayor . Thcj were in a miserable plight , and a gentleman who saw one of them commit a petty theft catised them all to be apprehended , in order to have inquiry made into their apparently desolate condition . The case proved to be one of ordinary occurrence . The boys were all the children o f very poor parents , who are probably unable to support them , deriving a precarious living for themselves from vending articles in the streets . It was Btated by the children that as they had nothing to do they walked about together , and their parents were , God
knew where , all day endeavouring to scrape up the means of getting a bit of bread , and paying for the wretched room in wliich they contrived to live . Fifty such cases have been brought before the present chief magistrate . The Lord Mayor said it was most deplorable to see these poor children in the road to certain destruction . It was a disgrace to the great nation , which boasted of charity taking within its comprehensive grasp the distressed and afflicted of all classes , that the streets should be crowded with poov half-naked children , who had no human being to guide them , many of whom were sent out by their parents to beg or steal , and others , without , parents or friends , prowling about disregarded by the officers of the unions , and , in fact , encouraged '
in the practices of poverty and vice by the depvaved people with whom they necessarily came in contact in the course of their wanderings . Mr . Goodman ( the chief clerk ) said that although he had been but a short time in the situation he held he had seen an infinity of cases of the kind . There appeared to be no approach to an abatement of the evil , which was certainly one of the greatest magnitude . The new poor-law did not meet the difficulty . That law punished parents for refusal or neglect to support their children , but how easily were its provisions evaded . Children would , when their parents were looking after a livelihood in the streets , wander about from , place to place , and fail in with bad associates , and it could not be said that their , parents refused or
neglected to support them . But those who were bound to carry the law into effect , by compelling the parishes of the pour to Bupport them , did not perform their duty . The City of London union had no refuge for the miserable creatures who crowded into London , except at Peckham , a distance of three miles , to which they were sent at all hours , with tickets of admission . The Lord Mayor said that he would supplicate the powerful press of the metropolis to lend their great assistance in checking the dreadful evil by calling the attention of the legislature to it . Of all the painful spectacles he had ever witnessed , that of the crowds of helpless children with which the streets were deluged was the most afflictin " Multitudes of them werehe knew beyond all
, doubt , sent out to beg by their parents or other relations . They were thrown upon tlve world at the age when the mind was flexible to any impression of good or evil , and they were imperceptibly led into the commission of crime , until repeated acts rendered them incorrigible . Society thus became responsible for the contamination to which poor children were subjected . There was a total absence of restraint or good example , and the very ingenuity displayed in the little acts of dishonesty perpetrated by tliose of tender years was encouraged by the laughter , and in some cases by the approbation , of the lookers-on . There was no oalamity in his mind comparable to that which sprung from the bringing up of youth in practices of idleness and vice . The Legislature
spent hours and days in discussing the principle of education . Could the minds of the representatives of the people be more admirably , more benevolently employed than in devising the means of correcting the awful evil wliich was always before the eyes of the magistrates , and was almost as frequently encountered by men concerned in the ordinary transactions of town life ? He was convinced that a blessing would wait upon any effort of the kind he suegested , and again he would beseech the influential press of tho metropolis to take the important question into their hands , for the sake of common humanity . What could he do , as a magistrate , in the case betore him ? . Commit these three children for
stealing a few peas ! Were they persons to be sent for trial to the Old Bailey ? His heart revolted at the thought , for his heart bled for them , and the thousands ot poor young creatures who , like them were without protection , and going headlong into ruin . Mr . Goodman said he had no doubt that publicity would be given to his lordship ' s observations on so vital a subject , and that some benevolent mgk-minded man would apply to the Legislature bv whom alono a romedy could be administered . Ihe Lord Mayor acknowledged the receipt of a £ 5 no te , No . 04 , 147 , and dated 11 th of November ; mo , J . J ., for the poor applicants at the Mansion-
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6 THE NORTHERN STAR . ' ' " Jakpaby 3 , t 84 C . \
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 3, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1348/page/6/
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