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" And T mil war , at least in words , ( And—should mj chan «« so happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought !" « I think I hear a little bird , who sings The peopl « by and bj will be the itronger . "—Biaex . WAR WITH AMERICA . For the purpose of reiterating the facts of the Oregon question , for the information of our readers , as well as also for the purpose of marking our decided opposition to the threatened war between this country and the United States , we give the following extracts from an article in Tait ' s Magazine for Februarv : —
TFAB WITH AMERICA : ARE WE 5 OT BRETHHEX ! "IhereistolitilagoodRained . andsomuchinischiefdont , generally by wars , that I wish the imprudence of under , taking them were more evident to princei ; in which cate I think they would be less freqnent . If I -were counsellor to the Eaipress of Russia , and found that she desirsd to possess some part of the dominions of the Signior , Iwouldadvine her to compute what the aunual taxes raised from the territory may amount to , and make Ura an offer of buying it at the rate of paying for it twenty yean' purchase . And if I were his counsellor , I should advise him to take the money and cade the dominion of that territory . . . But to make and accept sueh an offer , these potentate ! should be both ol them reasonable creatures ; and free from the ambition of glory , &c . ; which perhaps is too much to be suptosed . Thus wrote Benjamin FrauVlin in 1788 .
"It was better to fight for the first inch of Oregon , than the last . Our destiny is onward—its western mov « - ment canuot be resisted . We cannot recede ; wo cannot stand still . . . Texas wai our latest acquisition ; I hope it will not ba our last . . . If this administration ean secure the peaceable acquisition of California , it will receive ths lasting gratitude of the pwple . [ Voieeg on the Whig side— California 1 ' 'Of course , California : we must have that , ' 'And then Cuba 5 ' TTe have started , and must go on . ' ] We mu « t gwt twelvemonths' notice ; and if England persist in her claim , [ to Oregon , ] war must inevitably follow : and it will be a war in which all the strength and Vie prejudices Ofboih nations will be brought into play . " Thus spoke , in 1815 , General Cast , and other members of the party which has a majority in tie senate , and " aa overwhelming majority in the House of Assembly of the United State * . "
It is melancholy to reflect ; that the lapse of sixty y « an , instead of making the view * and principles of America statesmen more humane and far-sighted—mor * philosophical , in short—has produced a diametrically opposite result . Benjamin Franklin , both morally and intellectually , was immeasurably above the contemporary statesmen of Europe ; General Cass , President Polk , and too many more of the existing statesmen of America , h * T 6 fallen ahusstto a level with them . When Franklin , Jefferson , Washington , Adams , organised the Union , they looked forward to a . people and government who were to rice superior to the low lust of territorial aggrandisement , who were to introduce " common sense" into the dealings of nations with each other , to extend the empire of law and reason , and narrow that of brute force . Whit would these great and good men say to the language that now lings in the Seuata House of Washincton !
Previously to the assumption of sovereignty in a territory unoccupied , or occupied only by savage tribes , this public law , common to England and America , regards the region as what civilians call res mUUus ; an object belonging in property to no one . The theory of law is , that what is nobody ' s property may be made anybody ' s property by the simple act of taking possession . All that is nacessary is to take possession , so publicly and with such formalities , that all the world may know that it has bean done . When the nations of Europe hare asserted a title to new lands , on the ground of discovery , it has b « eu on the assumption that expeditions were fitted out to setk for and acquire those lands ; the act of discovery was the formal and public evidence of the intention to take possession . But so many discoveries hara been merely
accidental , —so many have been simultaneously made , — so many nominal discoveries have been actually mere redncoveries , that this title is universally allowed to be the weakest of all . In the present case , it really seems out of the question . Discovery on the part of the United States before Cook ' s voyage to the Uorth-West Coast , was impossible , for the simple reason that there was no United States to make the discovery . Before Cook ' s voyage , tha Spaniard had discovered the coast , at leait as far north as Nootka , end the Russians as far south as Mount Elias . The general line of American coast was known to at least two European nations , from Baffin ' s Bay , round by Caps Horn , to Bearing ' s 8 traits ; and no doubt was entertained of all the land within this compass being one great continent . There was nothing left to dUemer
The subsequent operations of Cook , Vancouver , Gray , by sea , of Mackenrie , ClarkeandLewis , by land . are more properly surveying expeditions than expeditions of discovery , « aminations , in detail , the features of a land already discovered . Thisriew was recognised and declared to he public law by the Sootk * convention between Spain and Englaad in 1794 . In that treaty , the coast and continent are aisnaed to be discovered . The two countries solemnly bind themselves to determine their relative positions in that country for the future , —?' setting aside all retrospective discussion , of the ri ghts and pretensions of the two partiaE , " " on a basis conformable to their true interests . " In conformity with this preamble , the country was declared epento the trade and fisheries of the subjects of both crowns . Aright wasrecogaisedineithertoplant colonies there , which should be subject to the sovereignty of the parent state , but which , like the -unoccupied territory , should remain opea and free to the traders and fishers of
the other . In short , thenorth-westterritorywas explicitl y recognised to be res nuffiuj ; a thing , the property of I which might be acquired by formally and publicly { taking ponession of it . Since 1730 , nothing has betn done there by Spain in the way of occupation . The treaty with S pain in 1819 , upon which the Americans iometimes repose their claims , is a bla » k letter . Spain eould convey no title that was not actually vest « d in her in 1819 : but the only titl * she then possessed whs one to acquire sovereignty in any part of her north-west territory , by actual occupation , if she pleased : » title which accrued to the United States , or any other government , tha moment that Spain and Great Iritain disclaimed this sovereignty in 1790—a title upon which the United States profess to have acted on in 1811 at her settlement of Astoria . To establish claims to any part of her northwest territory , it is incumbent upon Great Britain and America to prove public and formal acts of occupation .
And in the way of such proof there is this difficulty : In tiie beginning of 1811 , the Hudson ' s Bay Company and the North-west Company ( Canadians ) had pushed forward their out-settiemenu to the northern head-waters of the Columbia .- la 1311 , tha settlement of Astoria wag founded by the agents of Jacob Astor , a merchant of New York . The British companies having learned his intention to form a settlement in the North-west tsrritory , instructed their agents to occupy the ground before him . It was a race between tha British sub . jects and the American citizens ; the first , to carry their frontier posts in Oregon as far to the south , the latter as far to the north , as possible . They met on the Lower Colombia , aa the Cyrenian and Carthagenlan emissaries , on a similar expedition , met long ago at the
Syrtes . The British reached the nor th bank of the river , and the Americans tha south , within four-anfe twenty hours of each ether . Fott Vancouver is the jjtetttlt of the British expedition , as Astoria was of-the American . During the war whieh broke out in 1812 , Astoria was occupied by the British ( it had , by the way , been previously sold 'b yAstoi ' s partners to the servants Of the Xorth-wsst Company ) , but restored at the peace . No further settlements were formed by either party till 181 $ , when a convention was entered into , which raierved to either nation its full claims , but established & jointocenpancy of the territory for a definite period . Since 1818 , there can have bees no taking of possession by other party ; and reall y all that had been done before , teems too alight and too limited to convey to either nation
the sovereignty of the whole territory . The relative positions of the British and American nations in Oregon appear to be—since 1812 ( and perhaps earlier ) . British emigration has been gradually extending from Canada and the Hudson ' s Bay territory to Oregon . Since 1812 , the United States emigration has gradually been exteuding to Oregon . Under the convention ol 1818 , the occupation of the territory by its citizens , could convey no right of sovereignty to either government . There has beem ao territorial government in Oregon . British citizens have remained subject to British laws and tribunals , American to American . The progress of settlement has tendered the continuance of this state of affairs inexpedient . A territorial government is required . America and England each view with equal jealousy and distrust the contingency of the whole territory being subjected to the other . There is nothing for it but to dmde the territory , and no mla of division but tU relatwe intwestl Of the twa claimants . In the Hngaage of the
Ntotka convention , it is necessary to "determine their relative position in Oregon on a basis conformable to their true interests . " At first view , the fairest methsd would seem to be , to divide the territory as nearl y as possible , acre for acre . But , in reality , if either hereb y aequired apart of the territory occupied by citizens of tha other , its "true interests" would not be consulted . It is not territory , but willing and loyal subjects that strengthen a government . The nationality of the setttors ought to be the rule of division . To the best of our faowledge , the bulk of the American settlers are to be found in the Willammette Talley , and in tha vicinity of Fort Kes Perces ; the bulk of the British around Fort Vancouver , and at the settlements extending from tbs Lower Columbia to the Straits of John de Fuca . Taking the nationality of the settlers as our guide , tha Una of the tower Columbia , and of the Salmon River , to the ¦ ources of the latter , and thence along tha Rocky Mountains , totheparallel of for ty-nine degrees north , appears the most eligible boundary .
Wa will not at present dilate on the common-places agaiast war . like the truths from the pulpit , they are w « fear , too familiar to have the effect they ought to lave . Bat let the most hardened advocate of war , shut , tag his eyes and ears to their images , ask himself what will be tha probable consequences of England and America going to war about Oregon . Americau privateers will cover the seas and pillage our merchantmen and en our part retaliation will be exercised . An American army wiU > vade Canada ; and British squadrons will
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bombard Boston , New York , New Orleans , and blockade the Chesapeake . This is but the overture . Other nations will complain of aggressions on their commerce , remonstrate , grow hot , and take part in the hostilities Every corner of the earth will ba disturbed by the battles of themselves or allies . * * # A nation called the English hag been formed out of a mixture of races within the narrow circuit of the southern portion of one of the British islands . By degrees , it has engrafted its laws , morals , language , on all the divisions of the islands . Wanting elbow-room at home , it has spread itself over the earth . North America , and the Antilles , are filled with it . It is occupying Australia and Oceania . It has seized on the southern ertremity of « a . It rules in Hindostan . Already it IT mi ! * mt twonaton ! # Partobe * stheo'eupantof the old throne in London ; part aRepublican president in Washington . There mny be further divisions . A great
independent English republic may have its seat of govcrnment in S ydney . A warrior caste of English race may enthrone an elective emperor in Calcutta ; and the office may remain for centuries in one family . But the language of Milton , the faith of the English Bible , the general principles of equity disseminated through our law volumes , like Gratiano ' s two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff , will be the common mould in which the thoughts and feelings of all these people are cast . Into whatever system of states the world may then be divided , those of English race and English faith will predominate . Now is the time , when these kindred nations are but two—before circumstances have greatly varied their habits of thought , to lay the foundations of a more just and humane system of public law , to regulate their mutual relations , than has prevailed among states speaking divers tongues . The good work has beg un in England—will America hanback !
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g DREADFUL PERSECUTION AM ) ESCAPE FROM SIBERIA OF POLISH PRIESTS . The Brussels Journal publishes the following details ol tha cruel treatment to which the Catholic priests are subjectedin Russia . In the autumn of 1812 , nearly 800 C families of the diocese of Fodlacbia in Poland embraced the Greek schismatic religion ; some being constrained bj the lash of the knout , others yielding to the temptation of gold , for it is thus that in unhappy Poland conversions of the religion of Russia are effected . Soon , howerer , these sad victims to the intolerance and maehUvelian arts of the "Popes" or Greek priests , obeying the voice of their former pastors , returned to their primitive belief , which most of them had preserved intact at the bottom of their hearts . But knowing the dangers to which they exposed themselves by bravinir the anger of their new
masters , many sought safety in exile , and took refuge in Hungary , Galicia , and Posen . Unable to avenge themselves on the fugitives , the agents of the Emperor fell on the ecclesiastics who had influenced the return of their flocks to the true faith , and on the night of Jan . 8 , 1843 , 243 Catholic priests , who had contributed to these re-conversions , were ssizea , chained hand ami foot like a troop of bandits , and hurried , under the guard of a numerous escort , to Minsk . Here they passed six months , condemned to the most severe andrepulsive labours , watched by pitiless seids ( Russian soldiers ) , and unceasingly a prey to the attacks of vile sectaries , who had recourse to both violence and trickery to obtain their abjuration . All , however , preferred the most cruel tortures to apostasy , and among them might be seen renewed those admirable instances of devotion to their faith which
signalised the martyrdom of the nuns of St . Basil . This resistance to the attempts of their converters was a crime which merited severe chastisement ; and accordingly they were punished by exile to Siberia ! The order soon arrived to transport all the rebels , without exception , to these icy deserts . They were bound hand and foot , and confined in cellular carriages , lighted day and night by a lamp suspended from the roof of each cell , and in these gloomy moving prisons they traversed the immense distance which separated them from the horrible regions to which Muscovite despotism had banished them , perhaps , for ever . Scarcely had they arrived at Tobolsk ( 1500 miles from Minsk ) , when death swept away 143 of these unhappy ecclesiastics , whose perseverance in the faith of their fathers had dragged them into exile in thsse frozen deserts . Those who survived their companions
were nlaced iu the fortress of this citv , along with the most abandoned criminals under the same discipline and at the same labours . Water and black bread , such was the common food . They were condemned to saw timber and cut down the trees in theueighbourhood of the citidel , and when their fatigued arms refused to continue this hard toil , the knout was speedily applied to stimulate their limbs , stiffened by cold and lassitude . On the 8 th of May last a nobleman of Tobolsk rejoiced that on that day a son had been granted him , to perpetuate his name and raet , believing he could not better evince his joy than by distributing an extraordinary ration to each of the prisoners in the citadel of seven pounds of meat ( which these unfortunates had not tasted since their captivity ) , sixteen pounds of bread , two pounds of honey , and four quarts ef brandy . This was an unusual festival for these poor
priests , who , for two years , had lived on black bread and water . They gratefully accepted the present of the nobleman , but refused the brandy . This refusal savtd them . The officers and soldiers under whose guard the )' were , less sober than their captives , seized with avidity the drink destined for the latter , and mixing it with honey , compounded a liquor well known in Siberia . This liquor intoxicated them , and while buried in profounu slumber , caused by their excess , the ninety-seven ecclesiastics ( all who survived ) resolved to make their escape . Without loss of time they formed their bed-clothes into a cord , by the aid of whieh they descended , one after the other , through one of the windows of the fort , and on the last reaching the ground , they hastily gained a wood , into the depth of which thry penetrated as far as they could , the better to elude the pursuit of which they could
not fail to be the objects . They had also taken cars to provide themselves with the bread which had beeH given them . Their course was long , and it would be impossible to relate all the fatigues they had to undergo ere reaching a place of safety . AVhen by cLance they fell in with any habitations , they pretended to be the workmen of a nobleman well known in that country . At last , after traversing immense steppes , dense forests , and wide rivers , which they were obliged to cross by swimming , they arrived in safety at the shores of the White Sea . Here they found a Prussian ship , whose captain took them on board . In this vessel they were taken to Konigsberg , where , meeting for the first time a free country , they couli at last say they were saved , and thanked , with all the effusion of their heart , Him whose mjsterious protection had led them through so many psrili and so many sufferings to an assured haven of rest .
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ALARMING P 0 TAT 0 E RIOTS AT INVERNESS . [ We take the following account from the Morning Advertiser . Whoever the " blackguard" may be that wrote it , he deserves to be " lynched" for his insolent ibuse of the poor starving people , who , instead of throwing the potatoes into the river , would do well to throw such scoundrels as him in . ] Ivernebs , February 6 . —The searcity of potatoes in this neighbourhood has led to sundry riots , much aggravated by the large body of navigators employed in the vicinity . Unfortunately there is only a small number of military at Fort George at preseut , but as many have
come into Iverness as could be sparad , so as to leave enough for the defence of that important position . There appears to be seventy or eighty who occupy the castle , and under the prudent and spirited command of Captain Campbell , of the 87 th Irish , they have been of important use in preserving order , and as yet nobody has been killed , but the n amber wounded must be ten or twelve , some , pretty severely , by the bayonets , which tha soldiers were obliged to use when retreating to the castle with about a score of p risoners ; and same of the gentlemen and constables were severely cut by the stones .
If in the course of the night the navigators , of whom there are upwards of a thousand , overwhelm the military , it is impossible to say where this unfortunate affair will end ; the whole town and neighbourhood will be at the mercy of these blackguards for six days , being the shortest period within which we can obtain assistance . Oh ! for twelve hours for our Perth and Inverness railway ! If anything will open the eyes of government , It is tha dauger in which we are at present . The riots began on Wednesday , in the attempt to ship some potatoes at Thorn Bush Pier . The low population of the town opposed it successfully , in spite of the police magistrates ; and the military were sent for and placed in the castle in case of need . The town was quiet all day on Thursday , being the Sacramental fast-day ; but in the evening the navvies marched in from the canal , and being joined by our own mob , proceeded to smash windows , threatened or attempted to set fire to the Provost ' s
distillery , and it was considered proper to order out the military , who , after a brush , succeeded in capturing about twenty rioters , when the mob dispersed . To-day special constables were sworn in , and under cover of a strong body of censtaUes , with the Provost and sheriff at their head , aa attempt was made to ship the rest Of the cargo . About halfway to the pier the mob attacked us sli ghtly , but surrounded us in thousands ; and , after the sheriff read the Riot Act and a proclamation , we continued our march to the pier . The mob had taken up a very strong position here close to the place of shipment , and whenever the attempt was made to ship the potatoes wo were attacked with the utmost fierceness , and we were all , after a very short combat , obliged to fly . The soldiers were sent for , but before they arrived our cart and its potatoes were sent into the river . The military shipped another , and so the affair euded in the meantime . The soldiers have behaved very well , and Mr . Tytler and Provost Sutherland are heroes .
There was a riot in Nairn last night ; and at Cambeltown , Invergordon , < tc , the same spirit prevails , and uot a potatoe will be shipped without a military escort , though the authorities assured us to-day there was an abundance in the country . The following proclamation has been issued by the sheriff of the county : — " Whereas , notwithstanding the proclamation issued by the provost and magistrates of Inverness on the 4 th inst ., the authorities of the county and town were this day deforced and assaulted by a riotous mob , compelled to read the Riot Act , and call in the assistance of the military power .
" The authorities , in addition to tlie prisoners already in custody , have inarki-d several others , n-lio were active in the riot and m-jbbing , and they have bt-en informed that tho public pea ce is still threatened ; they therefore prohibit all parties from appearing on the streets , lanes , aud roads of the town of Inverness and its suburbs , aitci
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the hour of nine o ' clock of this evening ; and they hereby intimate that any person or persons so appearing on the said streets , lanes , or roads , between the said hour and six o ' clock , a . m ., to-morrow , shall be deemed and held to be disturbers of the peace , and act and part in the said riot and mob , and shall be apprehended and prosecuted as felons—the Riot Act already read being still in force . " The authorities aforesaid , while they are determined to enforce the law , take this opportunity of informing the inhabitants , that measures have been taken for supplying the market of Inverness with potatoes . " God save the Queen . " By order of William Fraser Tytler , Esq ., sheriff of the county of Inverness , and James Sutherland , Esq ., provost , and the other magistrates of Inverness . " Path , Gbamt , Sheriff . Clerk . " Alex . Mactavisu , Town Clerk . "Inverness , 6 th Feb ., 181 G . "
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Fikes ik the Metropoui . —No less than six fires broke out in the metropolis on Saturday evening and Sunday morning last . One of the fires at the shop of Mr . Rebbeck , oil and colourman , 2 , Cambridgeroad , Milo End-gate , was occasioned by the explosion of a packet of gunpowder . The proprietor of the shop , who was seriously injured , was conveyed to the London Hospital , where he remains in a very precarious state . Another fire of a fearful character broke out on the premises of J . Slaney , cabinet maker , 37 , Skinner-street , Bishopsgate-street . The workshop , where there can bo no uoubt the fire originated , with all the valuable contents ( manufactured and unmanufactured goods and workmen ' s tools ) was utterly destroyed , and much timb ° r damaged in tlw lower part of the extensive pile of building .
Awful Shipwreck . —The barque Bencoolen , Capt . Claribut , was wrecked on Saturday night last , on Taylor ' s Bank , near Liverpool . Only eight , out of a crew of twenty-one , were saved , by taking to the boat . The remaining thirteen , including the captain , mates , and pilot , were drowned , when the vessel went to pieces , which occurred very shortly after she struck . A Murderer Arrested . —We learn from the Augsbitrgh Gazette that the murderer of the woman whose body was found cut up in different ' chests at Naples , has been arrested at Trieste , and taken in custody to Naples , where he will shortly be tried .
Inckkdiaiit Firk . —Dreadful Destruction . —An incendiarv fire broke out on the premises of Mr . Free , farmer , at Eottisham , Cambridgeshire , on Saturday morning last . The whole of the premises , with the exception of the dwelling house , together with about one liundred and thirty coombs of wheat , the like quantity of barley , and other agricultural produce , various implements , a valuable cart-hovse , and some swine , were entirely destroyed . The firo next caught the adjoining farm , the property of Mr . John King , and occasioned immense loss . This was not , all . The wind being high , sparks were oonveyed by it to some cottages on the opposite , side of the village , helonging to Mr . Parker , which soon ignited , and fifteen dwellings were soon in « ne blazing mass ; aud twenty-four poor families have been thus deprived of a home .
A Ship Destroyed bt Lightning . —The ship Bayfield was struck by lightning on the coast of Africa , and was immediately enveloped in flames . The captain and crew were compelled to take to the boat for eight days , suffering the greatest hardships , but were at length so fortunate as to reach Sierra Leone in safety . Tub Civil War in the Cnr . —At the Central Criminal Court , en Monday , John Kinchin , E . Mackay , John Dodd , John Sinclair , and John Ireland—the first-mentioned defendant being the captain of one of the Watermen ' s Bteam-boats , and the others all being in the service of the same company—were charged with creating & riot upon the river Thames , and also with assaulting several of the constables of the City police force , while in the execution of their duty . The jury found them guilty of a common assault , with the exception of Sinclair , who was acquitted . Kinchin wan sentenced to be imprisoned forsix weeks , and the others for three weeks each .
Fatal Cart Accident . —On Tuesday afternoon , about twenty minutes after two o ' clock , as a man named Robert Fletcher , aged thirty-five , in the employ of Mr . James Stone , carrier , of Chinnor , Oxfordshire , was riding in his master ' s cart , driven by his brother , through Fleet-street , towards Templebar , on arriving at Bride-lan « he got out of the cart , and while in the act of stepping from the shaft to the ground , his foot slipped , and he fell , the near wheel passing over his head and chest , resting upon the latter , the cart at the time being laden with a hogshead of sugar and other goods , weighing nearly two tone , which , it is supposed , caused the rupture of an internal bloed-vessel , as the blood flowed profusely from his mouth and nostrils . The poor fellow expired in a few minutes .
Extensive Fire hear Sunderland . —On Friday last a fire took place in the brown-paper manufactory of Messrs . Button , Fletcher , and Co ., at Depfcford , about two miles from Sunderland . The whole of the valuable machinery was destroyed , and the property lies a heap of ruins . The damage will not amount to less than from four thousand to five thousand pounds . A Mas Soliciting to be Tkaksported . —On Monday , at the Central Criminal Court , James Waylett , convicted of stealing a coat , was sentenced to bo imprisoned for twelve months ; the Judge intimating that ho might have been sent abroad for fifteen y oars . Prisoner : My Lord , that is what 1 pray for . Although not proved against me , I admit I have been
convicted of small offences and imprisoned several times , and it is impossible for me to get an honest living in this country . I hope your lordship will alter the judgment . —The Recorder , after consulting with Mr . Alderman Sidney , said : Prisoner , your application is a very strong one in asking that you m iy be sent out of the country . I hope you have considered your application well . It appears clear that the only chance of your reform , and that at a remote period , must lie in another country , therefore , at your own request , the sentence is , that you be transported for fifteen years ! The prisoner , who shed tears , thanked hi 3 lordship for his indulgence , and bowing respectfully , left the bar . The Late Explosion at Hasweia Collieut . —
fhe special committee appointed by the united committee of the coal trade in the north of England , comprising the Blythe , Tyne , Wear , and Tees districts , have reported against the suggested apparatus for clearing the " goaves" of fire-damp , or of mixtures of common air and fire-damp , either entirely or to such an extent as to prevent an " underflow " into adjacent parts of the mine . Such an apparatus was suggested by Messrs . Lyall and Faraday , but is rejected by the committee as " difficult" and " expensive , " if not absolutely impracticable . ACCIDEST ON THK GlllUT WeSTBRS RuiAUT . —Oil Tuesday night an accident occurred on the Great Western railway . No lives were lost , but several men were severely bruised .
Collisions on the River Mersey . —Two collisions have this week occurred on the river Mersey . The brig Limena , bound for Puerto Rico , was under sail on her outward voyage : she ran foul of the Pearl barque . Both vessels were much damaged . The John Brooks , an inward bound vessel , lying off the King ' s dock , had her bowsprit carried away by a vessel being towed across her bow . Selkirkshire Election . —On Friday week , a Mr . Locklmrt , tlio ministerial candidate , was elected to represent the county of Selkirk in Parliament . Committal of a SmnEnnoicER for Forobry . —On Saturday last , Herman Julius Marcus , a stock and sbarebroker carrying on business in Leeds , was committed to take his trial on the charge of forgery . Death of H . G . Knight , M . P . —Wo regret to announce the death of Henry Gaily Knight , Esq ., M . P . He died on the 9 th inst ., at 69 , Lower Grosvenor street , aged 59 .
Longevitt . —The Univcrs mentions the death , in Belgium , of a man named Jean Joseph Dinsart , at the extraordinary age of 106 years , wanting two months . Ho preserved his intellectual faculties to the last . The Weather at St . Petbrsburoh . —The annual festival of the benediction of the Neva was celebrated at St . Petersburg }! on the 18 th ult . but without the accustomed military pomp on account of the state of the weather , which fiJS ^ ifftS the warmth of the preceding month to a degree of cold equalhng about 24 degrees of Reaumur , 22 below zero of Fahrenheit . '
Annexation of Canada to the United States —A project is on foot to erect a suspension bridce across the river Niagara , at a point between tSe falls and the whirlpool , which , it is said , is quite practicable . * Sib Robert Peel . —Thursday last was the anniversary of the natal day of Sir Robert Peel , who has now completed the 58 th year of bis age . The Fall of a Warehouse at Liverpool . —Tho body of Lacey , the man who was missing after the tail of the bonded warehouse in Liverpool , has been discovered under the rubbish in one of the rooms . Hie unfortunate man was a widower , and has loft five children to mourn his loss .
Fatal Conflict with Orangemen . —The C olemine Chronicle , an Orange paper , give 3 an account of a fatal affray between some Roman Catholics and Orangemen , near Maghera , a district famous for Orange violence for many a year . Its result was , that two Roman Catholics lest their lives , the armed Orangemen having fired indiscriminately up ? n a crowd . Editorial Lira in Vicksburg . —Two or three of theediton of the Vicksburg Sentinel have been murdered—among them , the lamented Dr . Hagan ; and we now learn that the life of the present editor is threatened by an armed man , who is parading the streets for an opportunity to shoot his intended
victim . Resignation or Mr . Mark Phillips , M . P . —The Manchester Guardian states that Mr . M . Phillips is about to resign his seat for that town . Sm John Ross , the enterprising explorer of the arctic seas , has beon made a bankrupt . The debts iindjliabilities arc estimated at about £ 10 , 000 , and the assets at nearly # 600 .
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THE TEN HOURS' BILL . MEETING OF MR . ~" gaRDNER'S OPERATIVES TO CONTRADICT MR BRIGHT'S STATEMENTS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMr . John Bri ght , M . P ., having , on Thursday night , the 29 th ult ., in the House of Commons , on Lord Ashley ' s motion for leave to bring in his ; Ten Hours' Factory Bill , made a statement , in opposition to the motion , to the effect that" when Mr . Gardner , of Preston , and his manager , who was an enthusiast in the cause , reduced the hours of work to eleven , he ( Mr . Gardner ) increased the sneed of his
steamengine and other machinery , and made up for lost time by taking some minutes from the meal houra of his peoplo , " the operatives of Mr . Gardner ' s factory met on luesday night last , for the purpose of contradicting the statement so made . Tho meeting was held in Spnngfield-house , Bow-lane , and the factory operatives , male and female , to the number of about 400 , with some hands from other mills ( but no masters ) , were present . On tho motion of Mr . James Brown , seconded by Mr . W . Hyajn , Mr . James Walsh was called to the chair .
Mr . Amos Wilson said—lam not an operative of Mr . Gardner ' s , but there is none among you who feels this insult from John Bright more than I do . I have attended here to see whether it be true or not ; if it be true—which I do not believe—then I and others have been instrumental in causing Lord Ashley to err . I believed it untrue from the first , and thought that Mr . Gardner ' s hands should have an opportunity of repelling it , and so prove to the world that John Bright is a man net always given to telling the truth . [ Mr . Wilson then read Mr . Bright ' s remarks as reported in the Standard , Times , and Morning Chronicle , which though slightly varied in expression , were all to the same effect . ] Now , continued Mr . Wilson , it is for you to say whether you have been deprived of your meal time or not . I don't think you have been doprived of tea-time , for there is none allowed . [ A person , whose name wo did
not learn , here cried out , that he did not think there was a factory in tho town , or indeed in the whole country , which has such long meal hours as Mr . Gardner ' s . There could be no abridgment of the tea hour , for no time was allowed for tea whatever ; but with respeet to breakfast and dinner hours , no master could be less exacting than Mr . Gardner . Another person said , " We have often left minutes before , and got back minutes after the bell rung , and were never found fault with , " a statement which was confirmed by others present . ] Mr . Wilson then resumed : — It was thought the public might be set right by your meeting together , and adopting aproper ' raotion ; and I recommended as many of the boys to be brought as possible , for if any time is taken from you , depend upon it nono know so well as the boys ; they look after the clock as sharply as anybody . ( Laughter and cheers . )
Mr . John Sergeant said—Having worked for Mr . Gardner during nearly ten years , I can say that no one in Lancashire keeps better time with respect to meal hours than he does ; and the speech that John Bright has made in the House of Commons is a gross insult to him and the whole county . With respect to Mr . Heaton , our manager , being " an enthusiast in the cause "— -well may he be so , and well might any man who has a spark of philanthropy in liis bosom . Mr . Heaton is a practical man ; he has worked within the walls of a cotton-mill since he was eight years of age , and is now in hin seventieth year ; so that the enthusiastic support of such a man , who at his time of life can have no object to gain in deceiving anybody , says much for the justice and expediency of the cause . ( Cheers . ) I have to move the following resolution;— " That we , the operatives in
tho employ of R . Gardner , Esq ., of this town , having heard read a portion of a speech delivered by Johu Bright , Esq ., M . P ., in the House of Commons , Jan . 29 th , 1846 , in which he states , when we commenced working eleven Wire per day we came to a determination to have several minutes deducted from the time allotted to breakfast , dinner , and tea ; unhesitatingly declare this statement to be false and unfounded . In the first place , we have no time whatever ' allottedfor tea . ' Secondly , we defy Mr . Bright or any other person to prove that we have not always enjoyed the full time for meals allowed by law , viz ., half an hour for breakfast and an hour for dinner . And further , we declare that no man can require and demand a more strict adherence to the proviiions of the Factory Act than our esteemed and respected manager , Mr . John Heaton . " Mr . R . Greenough seconded the motion .
The Chairman then inquired whether any person present had anything to say against the resolution , and none objecting , he gave permission to any one to Bpeak in its favour . Mr . W . Hyani accepted the invitation . The former sp « akers , he said , are from one side of the mill ; let me now turn , to the other . I belong to the weaving department , being under the second engine . I am now in my fourth year with Mr : Gardner , and can declare that I never had such bell-hours as I have under him . We do not always start at the half-hour . —many a time not till five minutes after it ; aud though it is . understood we should work eleven hours , it is well known that the engine docs not run eleven ( two females , " No , it don ' t" ); and our allotted time
for meals is not robbed from us to maVe up any deficiency ( hear ) . I am sarry that Mr . Bright should have such an opinion of us working men as to say that we have made false statements in this room before . I am one of those to whom he alludes , and 1 am ready to bear out what I have formerly said to its fullest extent ( hear , hear ) . Did he know what I am acquainted with in Preston , I am sure he would blush to offer a word against the Ten Hours' Bill . 1 know , at this moment , a ] child in this town entirely ruined through being left by its parents , both of whom are compelled to go to the factory , to the caro of a young girl ; and it is not that child alone , but thousands in the districts around us are left iu the same hazardous situation . ( A woman ' s voice— " My lad , that ' s true" ) Better views are working thsir way , however ; and the Ten Hours' Bill would yet
be passed in the course of a few years , in spite of John Bright and his opposition . It is further said , continued Mr . llyam , that th « operatives cannot maintain their position unless they work twelve hours a day . Now , I challenge any overlooker , master , or manager , to examine my number alone , and he will find that for the last eighteen months I have main tained the position which I formerly had . From what I know ot them I can say this also for the other hands in the mill . After some further remarks on the injurious effects of protracted labour on the human system , and the comparative freedom of Mr . Gardner ' s bauds from the evil , Mr . Hyain concluded amidst cheers . The motion was then put , when a whole forest of hands were held up in its favour , and it was then doclaved to be carried .
Mr . James Brown then moved tho following res » - lution : — " That the thanks of this meeting be given te our employer , K . Gardner , Esq ., for the many benefits he has conferred on us , by reducing our hours of labour to eleven per day ; and that the meeting hope the time is not far distant when all factory operatives will enjoy a good and efficient Ten Hours ' Bill . " Mr . John Anyon : I bog to second the motion . I wish we had more " enthusiasts . " If John Bright were an " enthusiast in the cause , " his own workpeople would be benefitted , and he wouW be no lOBCr , Having been connected with factories nearly twentytwo years now , I know the effects of long hours , asd short ones too . ; and were I not an enthus ast for Bhort hours I should be ashamed of myself . Mr . Bright
made some statements respecting our speeding the engines . Now , I can give you the facts upon that point correctly , and show him and the countn whether the hour remitted by Mr . Gardner has been regained by that means or not . All < connected | with our iactory know that for the last two or three years , until we got Goodfellow ' s patent pistons and buckets , wo have been short of speed iu both the power-loom and spiHning departments . Both engines , the powerloom one in particular , instead of running eleven per day , did in fact during that time run much loss . This arose from a fault in the premises , there not being sufficient boiler room ; but since that deficiency was supplied , we have run full time . Mr . Anyon
then read from the power-loom engine time book , lent him by Mr . Gardner , the various entries of time lost by the engine every week from the week ending the 24 th of May , 1845 , till that ending the l ( 3 tli ult . In conclusion , he would have Mr . Bright and the country to know that the whole credit of originating the eleven hours' system waa due to Mr , Gardner vlone ; and that all praise was due to that gentleman for his kind and christian-like conduct in allowing his work-people more time to devote to their own self-improvement and domestic enjoyments , whilst he still paid them their former rate of wages undiminished . ( Great applause . ) The motion was agreed to with deafening and prolonged applause .
The Chairman then observed—I recollect that , on tho second reading of the Ten Hours' Bill the last time it was presented , this same gentleman John Bright , came forward , and told the house he was prepared to prove that the milliners of London worked twenty-two hours out of the twenty-four the whole year round . ( A laugh . ) This was said by the same individual who made the same statement last Thursday night with respect to your employer , which you have to-night seen clearl y disproved . I leave it to { yourselves to judge whether human nature can labour twenty-two hours a-day the whole year through . ( Laughter , and cries of " no , no . " ) Now , t J 0 u ™ e'ves of Mr . BrighVs veracity
^ i * /^ . . . T JM" WilS n "^ r ^ vote of thanks to Sir , fi y : and i ¥ , ? , ddre *> ed the meeting at some length , concluded by observing that their meetfnlr H « H the wn ontancous act ; they had felt the insult offered them b y John Bright / and had KitihSlV rti <> r any tody to prove that their employer had deprived them of any portion ot their meal hours . ( Cheers ) Mr . Anyon seconded the motion , and said that when he formerl y spoke he had intended to give Mr . Bright credit for one truth he uttered concerning Mr . Uardner 3 hands , and that was that they vorhod
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harder in the eleven than they did in the twelve . i ?" i »^ V 01 ce- ^" -Aye , . because we are not so jaded . " ] The motion was then agreed to . Mr , James Brown moved the thanks of the meetin * to the Central Short Time Committee , for the patriotic and benevolent manner in which they carry forward the Ten Hours' Bill agitation . Mr . John Sergeant , in seconding the motion , testified to the deserts of the committee , he having attended the meetings of the delegates at Manchester Inst month . The motion was agreed to .
Mr . W . Ward ( the same who took part in the proceedings at an earlier stage , and who is one of those unfortunate victims of industry , styled " factory cripples" ) moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Oastler . He said that however painful it was to have the finger of scorn pointed at him in the streets , he was not ashamed of his misfortune . It was the manufacturers , he considered , who had done it—those for whom he had worked fourteen , fifteen , and sixteen hours a day , when only about fourteen yeara of age . The motion was seconded by Mr . It . Greenough , and agreed to . The meeting then broke up ;—Abridged from the Preston Guardian .
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LORD ASHLEY AND THE TEN HOURS ' BILL . Bradford , Saturday ;—The usual weekly meeting of the Central Short Time Committee of the West Riding took place at their committee room last night , Mr . Charles Howard in the chair ; who , after a few appropriate remarks , callod upon tho secretary , Mr . Balme , to lay before the committee such information as he might have received sinco their last meeting . The secretary proceeded to lay before them the result of their last meeting ' s request to Mr . Walker—that he would be pleased to bring before the candidates and electors of the West Riding ,
on the day of nomination , which took place at Wakefield last Wednesday , a report of which was read from Friday ' s Times . He then drew their attention to the address which he had issued to the electors of tin West Riding , thanking them for the very hearty reception which was given to the Ten Hours' Bill brought before them last Wednesday . After which the secretary laid before them an address which he had received from Lord Ashley , announcing the resignation of his Lordship ' s seat in the House of Commons ; in reply to which the following address was unanimously adopted : —
" THE BEPLT OF THE CEHTBAL enOET TIME COMMITTEE OF TUE WEST BIDING , TO LORD ASHLEl ' s ADDBESJ TO TUEM ON EE 8 IGNINQ HIS SEAT IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS . "My Lord , —It is with feelings of the deepest sorrow that we have received the announcement of your lordship ' s resignation of jour seat in Parliament . Although we perceive , in this procedure , tho manifestation of tbat honourable and noble principle which has ahvajs been conspicuous in jour lordship ' * character , yet we cannot forget that , in the course your lordship has pursued , the most serious interests of a large yet powerless class of our fellow beings are placed in jeopardy by the withdrawal of your humane and influential advocacy of their claims in the House of Commons .
"When we reflect that the am « liorationsj which have taken place in the condition of the juvenile operatives employed in factories are mainly attributable to your lordship ' s indefatigable exertions in Parliament , and that without them their degraded position in the scale of humanity would have been comparatively unknown in the legislative assembly , we feel an amount of gratitudt which we cannot adequately express . Yet , when we consider that the improvements which have been made in the factory system fall far short of the requirements of justice—far short of what is essential to the rights and wry limited comforts of our children and the manufacturing population generally ,. and of which further improvements your lordship lias been the unflinching Parliamentary adrocate ; and when , moreover , ne perceive so formidable an array of interested aud unrighteous
opposition to the claims and necessities of the workiug classes , we feel that , by your lordship ' s relinquishtnent of your seat in the House of Commons , our prospects are less flattering , our expectations are less confident for the time , and the most momentous question of the age—the Factories Bill—may be subjected to a further distressing postponement . We do trust , however , that jour lordship will be reinstated in jour senatorial capacity . Wq trust that the electors of Dorsetshire will do credit to themselves and justice to the country by in . during you to resume your seat with nn accession of influence to your political station , and that all these things whichjat present seem against us , may , by God ' s blessing , bo made subservient to tho advancement of the measures which for so many years have been under jour lordship ' i guidance and care .
"Signed , on behalf of the Central Short Time Committee of the West Riding of Yorkshire , "February 6 , 184 G . "John Baime , Sec . " To tha Right Hon . Lord Ashley . " An address to Mr . Ficlden , M . P ., was next read and adopted . It was resolved that the best thanks of the committee be given to their friend Air . Walker , for the able manner in which he brought the subject of the Ten Hours' Bill before the candidates and electors of the West Riding , on Wednesday last . After some other local business had been transacted , the meeting adjourned at half-past ten o ' clock .
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AnpiCAx Oiutort . —The New York Herald thus amusingly describes the speech of one of th « war patriots : — - Mr . Chipman , in tin House , to tho infinite diveriion of that honourable body , and the peoplo in the galleries talked of ' the middle extreme , ' and of escaping Sylla ! bub to be swamped on CarrybobuB , of Jefferson ' s ran boats : —
"' Here is gun-boat number one— . Wiggle-waggle went her tail , And pop Trent her gun ;" and positively affirmed that he would rather be blown up bj the British in the capitol , than surrender the first soli , tary square yard of Oregon , or the first pebble bouHi of 34 . 40 , washed by the attrition of the wavei of thu 1 ' Kcinc into the rouudud form of a semi-circular triangle . And then he told us of tli » oM fable of the hedge-hog mid the snnkei , and said that this old British hedgu-liog would find the American snake a regular boa-constrictor , that would gulp him down at a mouthful—hair , bristles , quills , and claws . And then he pledged us , in the event
of war , that Michigan would take Canada in ninety days ; and if that did not suit , that thoy would giro it up , and do it over again in ninety , without asking the three days' grace , aeeordiug to law . But , to be serious , Mr . Chipman spoke like a patriot ; he was strong , he was grand , ho was sublime—frequently dipping , at an acute angle , into the ridiculous But he was funny , uild he wound up the proceedings of the day in a hearty round of laughter— "' Thrice renewed , and thrice again . '" Fatal Accidemt os th » Rivjsr . —On Sunday afternoon , about two o ' clock , a female , about eighteen years of age named Mary Ann Knight , whose P ^ i " . ^ . ,. ^ 1111 . Temple-bar , was play . isiuiuihsv
, ing wiui * , urouusr , on tne Upper Templebar Pier , and when in the act of stooping to raise the child from the deck ol one of the inner barges , it gavoalurch , and both fell under tho rail into tha water , lhe tide , which was ebbing at the time , carried both under the bar ge , towards tho lower floating pier . Mr . Hill , the pier-master on the upper p , hearing the cry of a woman and child overboard , ran to the lower pier with all possible haste and jumped into a boat alongside in an instant . The child was floating on its back , and the tide in a few seconds more would have drawn it under the barces of the lower p ier , when Hill reached over his boat and recovered the child . He then went round to the Temple side of the lower pier , and saw the youne woman a Bhawl floating on the surface of th * LiJ
anoputlis arm underneath , in the expectation of being able to recover her , but , unfortunately , the shawl had become detached from her person , and she was not again seen . Hill continued his SS for some time , the drags were thrown out , and S £ crtion was used to recover the body , « whkh Wulti mately succeeded . The child was V . ken home and was reported to be going on favourX S fS . was he don the body of thu dccr ^ S on t 3 ^ tRftSS ^* * " * " *^
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HOUSE OF LORDS— Monday , Fbb . 9 . PUBLIC \ VORKS ( IRELAND ) BILL . The Earl of St . Germains , in moving the second reading of this bill briefly explained its provisions . With respect to grai its , it would place a further sum of £ 50 , 000 at the ill * P < wal of the Board of Works , and provide some fork " ier facilities for making grants ; and with respect to lo . ins tor drainage and other improvements , it would e . xtent * tne time from three to twenty years . The com . missioners would be enabled to bring home to the very d ° or 3 of , the peasantry the means of profitable emploj ^ ent whlch was the relief to be looked to in the pre * emergency . No man , toocould have seen the at public works executed
, gre within tkc last few years in t ^ are , Antrim , and otker counties , and the effect prot IuceU by those improvements , without feeling that a mo PwntaWe investment of capital could scarcely \ tound . The power of consumption on the part of th at country was likely thus to be incalculably increased , and the moral and social benefits to be expected » l ' ° "ld induce us to make every reasonable exertion to promote the progre 3 s of thoae improvements . { Hea . » ^ - ) Lord Monteaole approved of tht tou . Nothing could be a more grievous mistake t . ian to suppose that the present pressure on the peo ^ '' . ° f Ireland was but a slight pressure ; yet the mag . nitude of the evil and danger awaiting that country d . * not « eem to have come sufficiently home to the mm « s of some
persons . Tho reports presented togover . nmentnot merely shadowed forth a probability of fntm * e calamitous results , but forewarned them of a state . ° ' "imgg the most distressing and appalling . In the a ° P ort of Messrs . Lindley and Playfair , dated 20 th J * nuaryi it was stated , " that of thirty-two counties in Ire land « not one hat escaped failure in thepotatoe crop ; ol "O Poor Law unions not one is exempt ; of 2 , 058 ? elet t 0 " ral divisions , above 1 , 400 are certainly reported , as having suffered ; and we have no certainty , until th * ^ receipt of the more minute returns now in progress of completion , that the remaining COO have altogether escaped . " For those persons who were connected with Ireland this matter opened anticipations of evil without example . ( Hear , hear . ) They had
to deal with distress in the thirty-two counties of Ireland at the beginning of the year , and the want of food in that country would be followed by fever and other calamities . The noble lord proceeded to advocate extensive public works , and a different distribution , of the sum annually granted to the constabulary fund as the most immediate and effectual mode of nweting these grpat evils . By a different appropriation of the £ 190 , 000 a-year , from the paynient of which it was proposed to relieve the counties in respect to the constabulary force , a new epoch of civilisation and improvement might be commenced m Ireland , by applying the money to th « purpose of opening new Jines of communication , assisting the drainage of the country , and makine all those local
improvements to which the noble lord opposite had alluded . This sum thus annually applied would call forth funds from other parties either public bodies or others who were locally interested , and the sum applicable to the purposes he had specified mi ght be found augmented to perhaps £ 400 , 000 . They might depend on it that the spade , the mattock , the theo . dohte , and the civil engineer would do more for the peace of Ireland than any other measures . The Duke of Wellington said'the proposition of the noble lord , with reference to the constabulary fund , was under consideration . # Lord Clifford approved of the bill , and the prir .. ciple of giving relief by the prosecution of public works . The Earl of Devon , after referring the report of the
Irish commission on the subject of constabulary force , said he thought it was must advisable to afford grants of money , not only for the prosecution of public works properly so called , but also in aid of those works which he considered of still more importance —namely , tho » e which tended to promote the agricultural improvement of the country . He believed that if such improvements were carried out to a considerable extent , they would not only tend to relieve the existing distress , but would lay the foundation of an increased amount of produce from the fertile soil of Ireland , which , in his opinian , would be the best safeguard against the recurrence of such a calamity as was now impending over that country . The Earl of Roden said , as a resident landlord in
Ireland , he felt much indebted to her Majesty ' s government for the propositions contained in the bill now before the house , lie had listened with sincere gratification to the observations of the noble lord opposite ( Lord Monteagle ); but he had heard with regret the noble lord ' s gloomy anticipations as to the apprehended famine in Ireland . He was sure that the statements of the noble lord as to that part of the country with which he ( Lord Monteagle ) was acquainted were correct ; but he was sure , also , their lordships would be happy to hear that in the north of Ireland , in which he ( the Earl of Roden ) resided , although there might be individual cases of distress .
that distress did not exist to anything like the extent to which it prevailed in the districts to which his noble friend had referred . As to the constabulary force , he thought its management wai loo much , iu the hands of the government , and this caused dissatisfaction among the local magistracy , many of whom declined to act in consequence . The Marquis of Lansdowne did not wish to pronounce a hasty opinion on this subject ; but he considered that the suggestion of his noble friend , that an amount of money should be annually expended in promoting the extension of public works in Ireland , was far preferable to the relief of the country from the expense of supporting the police .
f Lord Cotiesham objected to the bill , as diminish * ing the security of parties who had advanced money for private improvements , and who might , in consequence of the operation of certain clauses , find themselves in the position of second instead of first mortgagees . The Earl of Mountcashel said , that as a Poor Law guardian himself , he could declare that the noble baron ( Lord Menteagle ) had not exaggerated the state of distress of the people in the south of Ireland . Great anxiety had been shown to provide employment for the people , but in his opinion the works
were not brought forward in sufficient time to be of any advantage . In his own neighbourhood the price of . ' provisions had risen extremely high , and this month were sold at the prices of June and July , and in the course of a month more he was told there would bo no potatoes to be had at any price whatever . He was residing in a part of Ireland that was unusually tranquil ; but in the last ten days or a fortnight very unpleasant symptoms had been manifested —armed parties appeared parading in the noonday , and several murders had been committed ; and he was sure that they would see more serious things still before long . "
After a few words from Lord Campbell , on tho point mooted by Lord Cottenham , and from Earl bt . Geriuains in reply , to the eftectthat no new principle , as to securities , had been introduced into this measure , The bill was read a second time , and ordered to bi committed on Friday next . Their lordshi ps then adjourned .
HOUSE OF COMMONS-Mosidat , Feb . 9 . The interest excited by the expected discussion on the government measures was nearly as intense yesterday as on the evening when Sir R . Peel opened them to the house . The strangers' gallery wa » opened long before the Speaker ' s arrival , and was donsely thronged in a few minutes . The body of the house was more numerously attended b y members than is usual at the sittings of the house at this period of the session . What gave the house an
unusual air ot business and bustle was the fact that on the floor and on the seats near the member * were piles of petitions , some of them of no sli ght dimensions , the greater portion of which had , no doubt reference to the important question of the evenine ' T »«> SnujcBR took the chair at the usual hour ; immed » ely after which Lord Morpeth appeared at the bar to take the oaths and his 8 eat for the West Rid ng of Yorkshire . The noble lord ( who was received with loud cheers by the O pposition asL approacS
Mr . Macavth y also came to the table to take tho oaths and his seat for the city of Cork , in the rSm o { Mr . Serjeant Stack Murph y The lion membe ? w « accompanied to the table by Mr . O'Connell PR 0 TEC 110 N AGAINST FOREIGN
COMPETITION . o » . \} l , V . - 0 Ri > presented a petition sfrnort bv e iS ± t ants , ° l the town and c ° » S SPSS urm In / h f ^ P «> P «» V tion of the nrorofocvCdwitA TT ' u They statcd that theT viewed with much alarm the measure proposed by the government ; that the manufacturers did not re-?«} £ fW * ? , pro P ° 3 cd t 0 thcm ! aml tuafc n times of distress the owners of the laud were the best tnends of the manufacturers , whose wages had i 3 SLSSliSS 3 ~ of the competitioa
A great number of petitions for the total repeal of the torn Laws , and in favour of protection to amiculture , were presented . fe Lord Mokpkth rose to present » petition from tha petition tram Bradford , signed by 14 000 persons alsofromWakefi eld Halifax , Huddersfield , B 5 £ Rotkrham Md other towns in the West lS of Kte W entoll 0 SPotions alloiwLh imnr ? 5 / lth 0 Ut r x ; P ti 0 n > ex P resacd themselves stiongly m favour of the proposals of the right hon . gentleman at the head of the government , except so tar as they all uvged the immediate abolition of the Corn Lf . ws . On the motion that the petitions do lie on tit table ,
Mr . Fbmum ) roso , and said—I should like to learn from the noble lord whether the signatures to these petitions are tho free and unbiassed acts of the putties concerned ? Because 1 am prepared to prove that the working men in the different factories in tht Wesi Hiding of Yorkshire are obliged to go into the counting-houses of tkc dillerent laauulasturcrs—(" Order ! " ) .
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ELEVATION OF LORD ASHLEY TO THE PEERAGE . [ From the Morning Chronicle of Wednesday . ] We hear that Lord Ashley is to be immediately raised to the peerage . If the rumour be correct , the fact will be welcomed by tho country as a welldeserved tribute to the personal character of one whom nature and fortune have already ennobled . Lord Ashley ' s generous sympathies for the poor and the oppressed have removed him sufficiently from the sphere of mere party politics , to render his retirement from public life an event which men of all olasses would deplore . Differing as we do from many of the views of the noble lord , we have never failed to recognise the honesty of purpose by which hii public conduct has been guided . We have not unfrequently endeavoured to expose what we believe to be his errors ; but it would have argued a signal
want of candour to attribute those errors to any other cause than an inadequate examination of the bearings of the subject on which the noble lord ' s best known efforts at legislation have been made . High qualities , both of head and heart , have always been evinced by Lord Ashley , whether in the conduct of measures like the Mines and the Collieries Act , upon which he carried public opinion along with them , or in the management of his Factory Bill , upon which we believe the sense of the country has been against him , Such men are not so common in Parliament that they can be easily spared . We regret , and the public will regret , Lord Ashley ' s retirement from the House of Commons ; but as he has felt it necessary to relinquish his seat , it is satisfactory to think that tho legislature will not lose the benefit of his services . The Premier has not made any promotion which will do him more honour than the calling up of Lord Ashley to the House of Peers . It is rumoured that Lord Ashley will succeed Lord Lincoln at the Woods and Forests .
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6 THE NORTHERN STaR . Febru aby 14 , 184 C .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 14, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1354/page/6/
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