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^ NX ^ MB . tBttSDs , —ByiefereHce to the proceed ings in Parliament , you will see that Mr . Duncombe brings on his motion for the restoration of Frost , Williams , andJones , on Taesday nest ; and Inted not say what your exertions ought to be from the moment you receive that intelligence until the time expires for strengthening his hands with petitions If ever there was one question more than another in
which the working classes should take an interest , it u in the restoration of those men . As in this case , o it is ball other cases , the work devolves upon the Chartist body , while the punishment was suffered from a desire to procure better treatment for a renegade , whose desertion from our ranks you and I would hate tolerated , if he had exerted himself to procure the liberation of the man who braved death and suffered expatriation in his cause . This animal should
remember the fable of the mome and the lion , and , Instead of preaching any ism that will produce the moneyism , the mouse should hare wore his teeth to the gums in gnawing the net , in the hope of extricating the lion ; but , instead of even attemptim ? to serve him : when he was endeavouring to cajole th . e electors of Oldham to send him to Parliament , he actually had the effrontery to tell the people that agitation would but injure Frost , as there was machinery at work which , if uninterfered with , would procure his liberation . He adopted this course with no other view , and lor no other purpose , than the apprehension that the mention of his banished patrons ' name would injure Mm withhis free trade supporters , and implicate Mm in some expression of sympathy for the exile .
Now , we had nothing to do with the expatriation of Frost , but we had everything to do with sparing his life ; let us , therefore , hope that our exertions are to be crowned by the further reward of making the remainder of that life serviceable to his country ' s cause . It is impossible to read the confessions of distress from 1839 to 1842 , made by Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham , without earning to the conclusion , that even treason would be aslight crime fer the correction of such a wide-spread national calamity . Every speech that has been made by the supporters of Ministers in the pending debate furnishes the strongest argument in favour of our appeal , while the time is pre-eminently appropriate for
making it . It would appear as if agitation upon this question was considered hopeless ; while common Eente must tell us that all previous agitation upon the subject was of little importance , compared with an active and well-directed move just now . Both General Evans and Captain Rous were compelled to rest their claim to popular support upon a pledge to support Mr . Duncembe on this question ; while nuuiv of the most influential members of Parliament have also pledged themselves . Moreover , we have a right to anticipate support from Mr . Fiteroy Kelly , tke Queen ' s Solicitor-General , and counsel for Frost . Should we , then , throw away the prospect that such machinery and the present times present ?
I have received very afflicting letters this week from different parts of London , complaining of the indifference and neglect of the restoration committees ; the writers stating that it is impossible to forma quorum . The public meetings are enthusiastic enough , but so are the plaudits that greet a popular actor or actress . To accomplish our work we require more than the passing burst of enthusiasm , more than the approving cheer of an excited audience ; we require work—continuous work , neverceasing work , until the work is done ; and then , nations that look upon you as poltroons , for allowin "
your leaders to be snatched from you , and transported or huug to gratify the caprice of fections , will begin to think you worthy of the rights you claim . There would be no great difficulty in procuring 3 , 000 , 000 of signatures on Saturday , Sunday , and Monday , and posting them to Mr . Duncombe on Monday night ; and and if there are not 3 , 000 , 000 of workingmen , women , and children , who would undertake half a minute ' s labour each , and ten men in every town who would take three days' labour each , then Frost , Williams , and Jones had better remain where they are , than return to a land of such slaves .
The miners of Xsnhnmberland and Cumberland got a petition signed by over 40 , 000 coUiers in a few hours ; this shows that where there's a will there ' s a way—and if the work is not performed , there ' s no will for the work . I may tell you that I have conversed with members of Parliament upon this subject , whose opinions have undergone a wonderful change , and , perhaps , there are others upon whose minds the prospect of shortly facing their constituents may have a similar effect . Of one thing we may rest satisfied , and that is , that all that manly eloquence , sound reasoning , courage , andsincerity can effect , will beaccomplished by our leader ; while the debate will not , as usual , be confined to the mere motion and refusal , as many of the most eloquent men in the House have
nndertaken t « take part in it We are eTer ready to press subjects upon the House , that the House is not prepared to hear ; indeed , it would appear that our courage increases with the distance of hope . Here we have hope , and let us not dash it by apathy . I cannot giro you a stronger proof of the progress that our principles are making than the fact , that the backwardness of General Evans ' s committee to acknowledge the principle of progression , was so threatening to his prospects in Westminster , that they were obliged to devote all Tuesday night to placarding the walls with the announcement that General Evans was for the destruction of all class legislation . This , and this only , secured him hia election , for had it not been for that avowal , 460 Chartist voters , who Toted for him , would have voted for Captain Rous .
Now , when we see such flattering prospects before ns , surely we should not be the first to blight them . I have told you a hundred times that there were from forty to seventy members of Parliament in 1833 , 1834 , and 1835 wha were actually in advance of the people , aad who relapsed into old Whiggery in consequence of popular apathy . I was one of the leaders of that party , and I know their sentiments : their language was- " Oh 3 cursa them , who would te bothered making sacrificesfor them when they are ready to sacrifice themselves ? " Cobbett said , and published it , that if an the Irish Liberal members
had supportedhim in his opposition to the Poor Law Amendment Act as I did , that it never would nave been the law of the land ; and many of those Irish members told me that they did not think the people of England cared a fig about it , as they didn't support Cobbett , and that it was merely a freak of his own . Now , don't let us give them such an excuse this time . Let them understand that this is not a freak of Buncombe ' s , but a national freak ; and , perhaps , Mr . O'Connell , who withheld his vote before , whieh would have restoTedtuemte their country may entertain a respect for the English people to which their consistency entitles them .
-1 think it would be an insult to your understanding to offer another word by way of inducement to united action . France had her three glorious days , the fruit . of which was despotism ; let US have our three glorious days , whose fruit will be the restora tion of three glorious Chartists . la conclusion , I cannot withhold the fact from you that the Executive , acting under the advice of Mr . Buncombe , are waiting upon the members of Parlia ment , and taking such other active steps as are cal culated to give effect to our undertaking . Ever your faithful friend , Feabccs O'Cosnor .
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The foreign news of thu week is of more thin ordinary interest , owing to the reported Insurrection in rousD . We give in another column the only information which has yet reached this country of this important movement The tyranny of the Russian miscreant is no longer endurable ; and the despotism of the Austrian and Prussian jiov « rnments is nearly as hateful . It is stated that Russia has completely succeeded in gaining the co-operation of the Prussian government for the carrying of her schemes resect ing Poland . The riots of Thorn and Posen , perhaps provoked by Russian agency , have conquered all hesitation on the part of Prussia . It is alleged that a kind of commission has been sitting in Posen , appointed by the governments of Prussia , Russia ,
and Austria , and charged with concerting the means of paci / uing rdand . The Sort Of pacification intended , our readers will at once comprehend . It is asserted that Russia and Prussia have agreed on the project of annihilating the last trace of the name of Poland . The central government of the kingdom at Warsaw will be abrogated ; the different provinces are to be governed , like other parts of the empire , by commissioners of the Tsar , having not the least connection with one another , so that any central point in Poland will no longer exist The Grand Duchy of Posen is to be divided in a similar manner . These infernal conspirators may , however , be foiled . If the information given in the Times is correct , Poland will by this time be the scene of a sanguinary struggle .
The Tima correspondent avers that this outbreuk is the work of the youth of Poland , uninfluenced by the exiles and warriors of the former revolution . It it asserted that neither to give nor take quarter is the determination of the . revolutionists . . Fearful as the adoption of such a course will be , it will bo the only one through which the Poles ceh hope for success . We shall be much mistaken if this new Polish revolution , if commenced , is not directed against Polish aristocrats and traitors as wellas Russian invaders and tyrants . Clearly a war of pitiless extermination , waged against all their oppressors , is the only chance the Polish people have of being victorious . Bitter experience must havo taught the people of Poland that tieera thirsting for
blood are merciful compared wiih their merciless oppressors . If they fall into the hands of their enemies , or if they are once again subdued , they may be sure that they will be given over to universal execution , and as their tyrants would do to them , we hope they will do to their tyrants . In saying thin we have hopes that the Polish people will dUtinguish between their tyrants and the enslaved tools of those tyrants . Our hope is strengthened by the interesting and eloquent document which will be found in our seventh page , addressed by the democratic Poles to theirRussianbrethren . ItisrumouredinParisthat awide-spread conspiracy exists in the Russian anav . We trust this is true , and that the Russian monster will be hurled from his blood-stained throne , and
meet the rich reward of his crimes . Sure we are that millions in thii country are now breathing the same prayer . In France , the Chamber of Peers adopted on Thursday the Workmen ' s Livrets Bill ( which we explained in last week ' s Star ) by ninetyfour votes to thirty-one . The events transpiring in Switzerland are causing serious alarm to the French government . A democratic outbreak in Berne would be as alarming to the bastard tyranny of the barricades , as it would to the "legitimate" leaden Austrian despotism . The Stale confirms the rumour of the alleged abandonment of the projected expedition to Madagascar . The S ' edeBays— " We can nowgive positive , the news which was announced some days back . The Minister has given orders to suspeud ah
the preparations of the expedition for Madagascar . Even the arming of the vessels is stopped . " Thii is a sensible resolve of the Ministry , if it really be true . It was strongly rumoured a few days ago that the Cabinet had determined to recall Marshal Buseicd from Algeria ; this , however , is notjikely . According to a statement of M . Dgfik ' b , heavy-taxed England is even less taxed than France . In ISM the English government expended fifty-five millions sterling , while the French government expended fifty-seven and a half millions . The mere amount of the produce of the soil and industry of Great Britain sold to foreign nations in eleven monthV equals the totalannu-. il expenditure of the Treasury , wJiileit requires the amount of twenty-three months '
sale ol * reccn productions to other nations to equal the expenditure of the French government . Such are the blessings of the "three days" fraud , and the blessed rule of Louis Phuippb . Thepslitical news from Germany is not of importance . The Chamber of Baden has been dissolved . The cause assigned is , that the religious excitement out of doors has been greatly increased by the irritating language used in the Chambers . Most distressing accounts reach us of the destitute condition of the poor on the shores of the Rhine and the Moselle . The failure of the potatoe crop has caused an unusual consumption of flour , very many have already exhausted their store of corn , and potatoes being no longer to be had , the pangs of hunger are felt by
many a family who were in former years above the fear of want . Serious disturbances are anticipated 88 likely to be caused by this distress , independent of political causes . Another cause of suffering ib supplied in the alarming flood * , which are at the present time overwhelming a large portion ol Germany . The 300 th anniversary of Luther ' s death wai to be celebrated on Wednesday last . This jubilee , it was expected , would be made a sort of rallying point and demonstration of Lutheran strength and numbers . A counter demonstration , on the other hand , will , no doubt , be manifested by the party termed the " Friends of Light , " who still continue to attttk the Augsburg Confession , while the " Rationaluts "
and "German Catholics" will add to the turmoil of conflicting opinions . Ronge , though being prosecuted lor hi » " Appeal , " has just published another pamphlet , under the title of " Tht Romish and G « rman School , " which is described as not yielding in boldness of style to any of his previous writings . This religious confusion is driving aumbers into insanity ; and it is remarkable that it is not the " Rationalists , " or sceptics , who are the victims of this fearful malady ;; but the " Pietists , " the ultra-reli gionists of Prussia . So formidable is the proereis of thw nnhappydisease , that the Prussian government are making inquiries as to its progress . In Hukoirt , at oae of the provincial elections , a fwree combat took place between the aristocratic and
democratic party , m which twelve of the combatants ware killed and thirty wounded . Letters from Switzerland state that five of the Catholic cantons are about to meat in conference , to prepare agaiuBt the anticipated democratic ou . buwt from Berne . These cantons invited the cantons of Tsssino and Soleure ( also Catholic ) , to join their anti-democratic league , but those two cantons refused . The Grand Council of Berne has passed a law against the citizens accepting pensiens or titles of nobility from foreign governments . On the 12 th the Grand Council decided , after seven hours' discussion , by a majority of 129 votes to 25 , that it would confide the revision of the constitution to & constituent assembly named directly by the people . The next dav the
Council was to discuss the institution of the Constituent and the form of election . The project proposes a deputy for 3000 souls , which would raise tue number oi deputies to 138 . From Italt there is no news , beyond the fact that the Roman States are still menacsd by a political revolt The rumour is revived that the Spanish general Prim ' s presence in Italy is connected with contemplated political movements in that country . Coild our voice reach the Italian patriots , most earnestly we would warn them agaiiist any connexion with this Spanish traitor . Let it not be forgotten , that this Prim was one of the chiefs ot ' Young Spain ; " that he excited the BarceloneBe to rise against Espartero , only to accomplish the return of the hateful Christina , and get himself made
"Count . of Renss . " This achieved , he turned against his betrayed countrymen , and involved Barcelona in the horrors of a bombardment , lie is at best , but a scheming , political adventurer . Let him not be trusted , A ministerial crisis exists in Sfaix . First , Xarvaes resigned hie post of President of the CouncU and Minister of War , under the plea of ill health ; the truth being that Kakvaex was at daggers drawn with his colleague .. On the 12 th , all the ministers resigned , lhe Queen sent her orders to the Marquis Dx ViiUMi to form an administration , which he attempted , but failed , Narvaez was then sent for again , and commanded to form a Ministrv ; he tried , but could not iueceed . The Marquis Dk MiJunoRH and General
Roscau were then applied to by the < iueen , and , at the time we write , the Spanishnews gives the following as the composition of the new Cabinet : —The Marquis De Mirajlork 3 , President of the Council , Minister of Foreign Affairs ; General Roxcau , Minister of War ; Senor Isioriti , Minister ° l «» Interior ; Senor Topeik , Minister of Marine ; r , M ITS ™ Casa&iera , Minister of Finance , lue Minister of Justiceisnotytt named . Lettersfrom Saragassa stote , that on the night of the 8 th , fourteen prisoners , of whom nine were political prisoners , escaped from the prison of that town . Some outbreak * have taken place at SabadaU and Tarrtsa , in Catalonia . An attempt of the Alcaldes of those towss to collect the new contributions , in conformity with government orders , is the assigned motive for those
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Poob Rehoval—On Tuesday last , in the House of Commons , a return was ordered on the motion of Mr . ^ T . Duncombe , " specifying the number of families and persons removed by any local order , or other authority , to their place of settlement from each manufacturing town in Yorkshire , Lancashire and Cheshire , during the years 1841 , 1842 , and 1843 , the date of such removal , the name of the pariah to which removed , and the occupation or trade , and length of residence in the town from which such families and persons were so removed . " On Thursday Mr . C . J . Carttar , coroner for West Kent , resumed and concluded the inquiry touching d £ W ° - * ** mlant ' found buried " > * ff * aw % * £ * occupation of William Richardioa , assistant to the Astwnomer Royal -ttbe nhserva !
untilaquarter-past ** . ' % && $£$ & the case was complete as to the guilt of some person or persons , leaving the jury to consider to whom his observations pointed , and to their own conviction under all the circumstances . Tne jury then retired and at half-past nine o ' clock returned a verdict ol " WilfulMurder" against William Richardson .
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outbreaks . In Portugal the Duka of PqI ^ oII , w placed himself at the head of g ? OppoS n t Chamber of Peers . As to the ao-cafied Chamberof Deput « si is degraded nto a mere government council . The troops had been under frmt several nights , to guard against an insurrection * Thus r t ^ B ^ X » JftS 3 ~ $ fi £ ^ ia £ g $ vL haveS d ? them ' . ^^ atiZftwYork S it alSo em ° nallSe ? 8 resst <> fortify their Clty :. A * a military convention ( militia . nrKm . « l .
BXft W *?* solutions ^ p" ^ od line and offering their aid to maintain the rights of the nmon , - should it ever be required . Democratic conventions have been held in Ohio and Indiana , at each of which " whole or none" resolutions were passed . The news from . Canada is but alight Ihe Ivirgston and Toronto . ( Canada ) journals teem mth accouifeof strengthening the fortifications , as well as increasing the defencesat theother Canadian take and frontier towns . A meeting had been held m Montreal ,. at which resolutions were passed in fa- ' your of annexing the northern states of the Union to the British provinces , not . a-bad joke this . They modestly propose , it will be seen , to annex all the New England States . New York , Michigan
Wfacon-• m and Iowa , and all west of that north of the 42 nd parallel ! In Mexico the counter , or military revolution , is complete . Parkdes entered the capital on the 30 th ult , and assumed the reins or power , the old government having capitulated to him . In tlie Caucasus , the Russians having failed to conquer the inhabitants are devoting the country to destruction . Between tlje 17 th of December and the 1 st of January , the axe and the torch were at work night and day , destroying the forest of Hoiting , The distress of the inhabitants of the district at witnessing the desolation of their country is said to have bein very great . The war in Algeria is continued without any decisive results . The French have defeated an Arab Chief , named Ben Salem , but Abdel-Kadkr continues to baffle them .
POLAND . Expected Gekbeal Ihsurreciion . —We take the following from the Paris ( Correspondence -ox the Tima : — " I announced to you yesterday with deep recret that onthe 9 th inst . a general insurrection wast * take place throughout Poland , and , it was Baid . jGalicia . I fear that I was but too well informed , and that ere this most melancholy events will have taken place in that unhappy country . I am aware of the proverbial hopelessness of any revolutionary movement , the intention to commence which is known in advance ; but the incredible courage and theinsupportable rofferinga of the Polish people , and probablv the manoeuvres of the Russian government , may it is to be apprehended , have rendered this case an
exception to that general rule . Few particulars of the projected rovolt are known here , and acquaintance with them being confined to Poles , who , in their sorrow and dismay i *" . * J * expected to be communicative , it is difficult to arive at more than a few facts . Forjsome time past the Polish emigrants in trance have been tortured by the knowledge that an attempt—a very desperate attempt—to shake off the yoke of Russia was resolved on by the youth of Poland . In these views and feelings their brethren the population of Galicia , notoriously sympathised . In Poland the people were exasperated daily by new insults—new atrocities b y the Russians . In Galicia communism had been introduced and pronacated with
very considerable tffect In Poland , as you already know , numerous arrests have lately occurred . In Galieia you also are aware , as so many persons charged with sedition and hi « h treason were taken into custody lately that the ordinary prisons could not contain them . It was , therefore , probable that an outbreak would , ; sooner or later , result , but my information would remove all iloubt on the subject . For reasons not explained , the contemplated in « urrection was to be confined , to' Young Poland . ' None of the veteran patriots of that devoted land were to be allowed to participate in it . This fact is not of a nature to render the attempt more promising , and if freedom shrieked when Kosicusko fell , humanity will , m all likelihood , shudder at the scenes about to be enacted , or possibly in process of acti « n , in the heroic land of his birth , for the attempt was to be made with a determination to refuse and not to give quarter . If I prove correctly informed , a qucs . tiwill arise
on , Will this insurrection have been an end or a consequence V ¦ ' Will ii have been brought about or only provoked V Will it have been a cold creation of the Russian , or merely the result of a series of cruelties that ought to ' have been impossible in the middle of the 19 th century V At the . first view nothing can . appear more utterly desperate than would be the attempt of which I speak . There are in Poland 80 , 000 regular Russian troops , and the population is disarmed . That the attempt , if made , would at once be crushed is , therefore , most likely . Nothing but massacre or extermination of the offending people would follow . If , however , the insurrection endure for any length of time , matters would be different . Galicia , and probably Posen , might sympathise , and out of it might result a very general German manifestation . That Switzerland and Italy would reraain ; tranquil in such circumstances could not be expected : but this is so like mere speculation that I shall not pursue it . "
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Tub BiLrisT SHotmKMs Stsiki . — We ubto r » - Miviid an addreis from the committee of " Tho Cordwatnew' Gtueral Mutual Assistance Aiiociation" to tut numbers of their trade , on tlie subject of Hi * Belfast ¦ trlke . The entire address U too lengthy f » r our columns , but all the principal " poiuu" will befouud in the following sxtracts : — Associated Shopsiates , —The object of this circular is to inform the districts that if the levies are not aent up to London immediately , the Titally important strike of Belfast must b « mrrandered . In tlio annals of Strikes or turn outs , perhaps , there >• not on * that bai been conducted nith more judgment , or with a greater degrei of public spirit ; inasmuch , as the firm , peMeTering , and intellectual committee of that place ( Belfast ) haw
out-, g « neralled the masters ou etury poiut of attack . The ; » ucceeded in forming sectious in the whole of the district , and in getting upwards of 300 men to leave their home * and families , in preference to giving way to the ruthlau tyraats , who sought to destroy every particle of independence possessed by their workmen , by trying to force them to sign a document , the effect of which was to get them to leave the associatioa , in order , by that m « an « , that they might render them an easy prey to their cupidity and avarice . In the old system of carrying on our trade there was a saying— " that wg were never floored for want of money , but iuvariably forjthe want of men . " In » he new system we have successfully resitted overy simultaneous movement that has been made upon us , with the exception of Belfast ; and , remember , if Belfast
be lost , it will not be for waut of good men and true , but entirely through the want of money ; and I would striouily implore the members of the association ( if they - value Us existence ) to send in the money immediately , at success is certain if the money be forthcoming to support the families . As soon as the news arrived in London of the Belfast affair , the men met and conferred with one another to learn by what means they could bust ward off this most unconstitutional attack of the Belfast mastars —th « y not only paid the lcries of the association , but put on a double levy , to advance to the geimral treasurer » sum of money sufficient to sustain ihe men of Belfast , till the levies of the association came in , in their regular way , but now the levies are coming in so slowly that Belfast must give in if the districts do not send thorn in
immediately . It is true , that tliire is a month allowed to pay the levies , but if that privilege be acted upon , in the present instance , it is impossible to tell the dangerous consequences which may ensue . The West-end alone have raised £ 90 to advance to ) he association ; but let nu one think that this is mentioned through a dei ; r # to hold up the West-end above any other part of London , because the City men ' s . men , West-end woracu ' s-men , and thc trong-trade , all advanced money oa the occasion in question , in proportion to their means , and a more euthnilasuc , a more patriotic , or a more humane fading nev « was exhibited by one body of men towards another , thau the whole of the shopmates of London evinced towards the men of Belfast on that occasion , and they think that the country ought not only to be up and doing , but that they ought to meet , confer , and transmit th . ir t
opinions a once to London , as to the best means bv which we could ward off the simultaneous rush which tfce masters are making in a number of places on our union ; and if no thing else proved its utility over the oW sectional and isolated system , this demouiac feeling ou the part of the masters to break up our organisation does , for depend upon it , its growing strength and influtnee has a terrific effect ou their tyrant minds . It may not be known to the association , that at the present momiiit there are a number of plaees On strike which could not be placed on our funds , owing to the expenses being up to the mark , and which strikes are not for reductions of wages , but are something similar to that of Belfast ; it , therefore , behoves the members of the association to look out , and not only send in thtir levies , but raise money by every means in their power , in order to nable the association to get out of its pressnt perilous
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position '; for , rimember ; if the present system of organisatiott bo allowed to be destroyed , ; or tven deranged , it mayflw years again before " ire can form a system so K « . er * l ; so numerous , and so' effective , for in the history of th « working classes no such union can be boasted of m ouis ; remember , we are composed of men of difftrent countries and differlug widely in religion und politics , but atthesauu time agreeing in the most harmonious and systematic manner to maintain the rights of our own ind . nstry , and to respect that ofull others . Perhaps this L I " ttlme tt > e . working classts ( of both countries ) .. J " 1 * fair chsnc <> ofproviHgto thouwto do not workthat
, they have intelli gence enough to know and feel that an . attack made on a working man in Belfast , or any other part of Ireland , is the same as an attack mad . T * a ai mim ln L . onaou or anT 0 * e P ° E » Sland , and that the working classes of both countries may prove to society at larce , whenever such iittaeks ate made i l n fut ure , thatthey willnotonlyunitoandmakecom . mon cause , but that they will hold in utter detestation every detestable tyrant that is not willing to giro the producer of wealth a fair participation in the fruits of his own industry , and that he who oppresses one man alone , will be looked upon as the foe of thc human race . ~ ( Signed ) Wh ; Clabk ; general secretary .
The Bridqhorth Sxkike . —The men late in the employ of Messrs . M'Michael and Grierson are still out , and are determined to stand fast to the union , and tht men of Kidderminster are determined to support them in so just a cause . There are above sixty men , and between twenty and thirty boys to support , besides the wives and children , . -. ¦ ¦ Minebs Pobuc Meeting . —A public meeting of the miners of the Berwick district was held on the Hth inst ., on Telkington-moor , for the purpose of taking the necessary steps for / obtaining an advance of wages at their forthcoming yearly agreement , which takes plaee on March 2 nd . An intelligent miner was oalled to the chair , and opened the meeting in a pleasing sensible speech ; after which the meeting was aa " < lres 8 ed at considerable
Ungth by Mr . D . Swallow , and Mr . VT . Danielle , editor o ( the Miners' Advocate . The following resolutions were passed unanimousl y— "That this meeting sir . eercly b » - lieve that the Miner * ' National Association is capabls , if fairly carried out , of accomplishing the objects for which it was established , viz ., ' To improv « th « moral condition of the miners of Great Britain—to shorten and equalise the hours of labour , and to obtain the highest possible amount of wages for the labour of the miner , ' therefore , we pledge ourselves to Btand by and support the National Miners' Association , and to exert ourselves to the utmost to carry out its principles and objects . " "That , as our binding day is fast approaching , and as it will bo for our mutual advantage to act in unity together , this meeting strongly recommend each colliery in the district of Ber . wick-on-Tweed , to send in a respectful petition to their
masters , asking for the following advance of wages , as the basis of agreement for tho ensuing year—Threepence advance on the ' darg , ' or day ' s work , and fourpence advance per day on shift work . That in the event of this reasonable request being refused , another general meeting be held on Unthank . moor , on tlie following Saturday after such refusal , at two o ' clock , p . m ., to take into consideration what ulterior measures may be necessary . " This was decidedly the largest and most spirited meeting ever held in this district . After the general meeting was concluded , a delegate -meeting was held at Ttlkington , where several important resolutions were pasivd , and much local busings transacted . The case of the miners of Lancashire , now on strike , was also bi ought before the delegates by Mr . Daniells , and there is no doubt but a subscription will bo » nter « d intoto enable them to maintain their rights .
Glasgow Boilbb-Makbbs . —The boiler . makers lately in the employ of Mr . Robert Napier , Vulcan Foundry , have been compelled to l « av « that establishmentthrough tlie inconsistency of their foreman , Alexander Elder , who , being solicited to take into consideration the impropriety of keeping an apprentice belonging to another em . ployer , told the deputation from the operatives , and afterwards the whole body , that they must either leave the society or their employment ; and , to show that he was determined to carry his intentions into execution , he turned off an old and respectable workman on th « instant , for the active part he had taken in society affairs . Accordingly , the operatives gave in their warning , which expired on Saturday last , the 14 th inst .
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C&artfet Melligewe .
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THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE CHARTISTS CF GREAT BRITAIN . Friends and Bketoeen , — . The aspect of the political world at the present moment , is of such a character that we should fail in tlie performance of a duty , which is as imperative as it is pleasing , if we hesitated to invite your attention to our position as a party , and claim your tupport in the course which suggests itself to _ our judgment as the most feasible , and the most likely to subserve th ' « interests of our cause . From the moment of our appointment to office up to the present time , we have carefully observed passing events , with a view to take advantage of any propitious eircum . stance that might arise to advance the movement for the Charter ; but owing to a combination of causes , entire ! t
uncontrollable by us , our means hiw « not be « n equal to our desires ; nor lias there existed a state of tilings to warrant ns in the hope that any exertions ofouvs , however great , would enable us to 4 o more than keep together the skeleton of a once herculean frame ; yet no puins have been wanting on our part ; we have hoped even against hope , » nd havesuccceded in keeping alive a spark of th » sacred flame , amidst storms of malevolence and treachery , which at times have threatened it with utter extinction . We have weathered the breeze , and , to the annoyance and chngrin of our enemies , are still floating on the tide of public opinion ; our barque is clear of th «
quicksands of deceit and the rocks of dissension . The dim gloominess of the past is fast dissipating before the cheering influence of a bright future ; faction , which has exhausted its fiendish and prolific inventiveness , in devising schemes for our extermination , is now divided against itself . Parties are no longer what they wera old associations are severed ; crimination and recrimination , bitter iuvective , reproach and gross personalities , are substituted for fellow-feeling ; the elements of discord are everywhere observable , from which a crisis ii expected . To be prepared for such it the duty of every Chartist especially . " Coming events cast their shadows before , " and from what we can see , the
MINISTERIAL MEASURE now before Parliament , is likely to create a warm agitation throughout the length and breadth of the lund . Great lesultsaro anticipated from its enactment as law , and many working men look forward to its adoption by the legislature as a triumph for their order . We are of opinion , that no permanent good can accrue from it to thu mass of the producers . Our opinion on the fundamental principle of free-trade , unaccompanied by the Charter , reraaius unaltered . > Ye hold that no change , however comprehensive in itself , can effect any material alteration in the coudition of the sldve-class ; that nothing short of the entire subversion of the existing social arrangements can remove the monstrous weight of injustice of which they are tho victims . The
ministerial proposition will not hitvo that effect , but will leave all the political power in thc hands of its present possessors . Some good , however , will result from it . The settlement of along-disputed question will prove of eminent service to our cause—the fallacy of tho cry for " cheap bread" will be exploded , and the disappointed will learn that their only refuge is in our principles . Our prediction will be verified , and our conduct justified in the eyes of those who are now our opponents , Thu " fire years' industrial residence" provided for by the measure will also be an adrantage to us , and nn annoyance to those who would fain treat their slaves as they
do their inanimate machines—use aud dispense with them at pleasure . As a whole , we view tli « measure as a bold one to submit to an assembly such re the House of Commons , but one from which the mass of the producers need not expect anything . We will watch its progress through the legislature , and should an opportunity present itself , as we expect it will , we will again take the field , and unfurl the broad banner of the Charter , in opposition to all and every crotchet of the times . The South Lancashire delegates , at their last monthly meetmg , adopted two hi ghly important resolutions , to which they solicited our special attention , The one , in anticipa . lion ot ft
GENERAL ELECTION , adriied tht levy of one penny per member for two or three successive weeks , in order to raise a fund to enable ut to briug forward candidates pledgad to the principles of ihe People ' s Charter ; fetling that until this course was adopted , we should not b « able to rank as a really national purty . We were delighted to fiud that the men of Lancashire , from whom we had always riceived the most directive support , should view this matter in tho same light as we do ourselves . We hav * long been conscious of the great importance of an efficient representation in Parliament , of our principles and party , and are deeply impressed with a conviction that the vikcU a » d undivided
energies of the Chartists of the empire should be directed to the attainment of one grand and desirable object—the return of a few noble and patriotic lneh to the House of Commons , who will devotetlie whole of their attention to the cause ol Chartism , und who , by their speeches and exertions in the House , shall cause the wrongs and injuries of tho degraded working classes to be as familiar to the entire nation as ai « the vices and luxurious worth-Ubsusss of their oppressors . With six mem of a similar stamp to our respected champion , Mr . Duncombs , on the floor of ths rotten and corrupt parliament , backed up by the confidence and enthusiasm of the millions outside , wo confidently anticipate such a struggle for the Charter as has not yet taken place , and which would increase in
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Q tation ; now we have an honestandtalentecf Executive , who work hard , but receive very lktle suiipurt ( which is to be regretted ) , and conduct the movement with prudence . Formerly ; our objects were ( so ^ r as regards the basis upon which the agitation ' to be conducted ) vague and undefined ; now they are clear and well-defined . The object is' to secure the enactment of the People ' s Charter by peaceful , legal , and constitutional means . This , we »« £ •?* ^ Ulte , 8 ufficient for all Chartist purposes ; »„» L H , ople L b . « e , they will not allow any man to introduce his own peculiar notions about the should open up the old sore which gave usso ranch \> pain , formerly , we had a numerous staff of lee- A turers , it is true ; but , then , it must be borne in "S mmd that there were many imprudent anddis- V Honest men amongst them , who&e nmwindniBiUim .. ^
duct produced an amount of evil which more than A swallowed up all the good that the honest and the v wise could effect . Now , we have a small but faithful 7 band , under whose fostering care the movement is \ J showing symptoms of returning convalescence . We \\ have the people ' s paper , the Northern Star , shining ^\ with more than its wonted splendour ; aye , and we ^ have the glorious Land project , which , if suecensful p . ( and failure is impossible ) , will go far to establish a \ , \ character for the movement which will astound its \ V - ^ warmest friends . Tlie skill , prudence , and energy t ; ^ \ Nr with which the movement iiiis been conducted of late V \ J \ materially tends to'brighten our future prospects ; X every step is now being taken with wisdom and cau- \ > tion . The " physical" vertut " moral force" qucs- \ tion , is now set at rest . We have got rid of a host of v traitors and traffickers , who ' made merchandise of f * the people ' s cause . We are now speaking to the V reason ot the sons of libertv . and not to the nassions .
let there is one step which it is absolutely neces- \ sary to take beior £ we can expect to secure the co- V operation of our Scottish brethren-we muBt advo- X catc the principles of the People ' s Charter upon the common ground ot broad and well-defined principle . I ^ We must not scare away the people from the move- / < S nient by wounding and insulting their religious ieel- I ings :, ¦ No ; this is a cause which ought to know no distinction ot creed or colour : every virtuous man ought to be encouraged to join our ranks . In order thatthis may be done effectually , we think that a resolution out ; ht to be passed on the subject . We have proclaimed to the-world that the basis upon winch the agitation for the People ' s Charter is tb be conducted is " peaceful , legal , and constitutional . " wnynotadd , ' and . in order tn tenure inn <> n ^ ni . pra .
tion of the honest and the ' good of every shade of ( religious ) opinion , it is to be distinctly understood that nothing ot an irreligious or sectarian character will be allowed to be introduced at any of our general or committee meetings . " Now , as there are a number ot circumstances in existence at present , which , if taken advantage of , would tend moBt materially to brighten our future prospects , viz ; , the embodiment ot the militia , a subject in which every family in the nation is interested-the Scotch Poor Law Bill ( in this parish there is an assessment upon incomes of £ 40 per annum of 34 d . ner pound : this is quit * ft new affair in this locality , and is causing very great dissatisfaction ); and in consequence of the clumsy working of the Act for the Regulatinc i
ne laDouroi children , « fcc ., of ; calico printworks , the len Hours' Bill presents an attraction in this locality which it never possessed before . Therefore , in order to take advantage of these circumstances , we were just about to request you ( thc Executive ) to send us a talented and sensible missionary , who knows how to respect the religious feeling of the people ; but then it occurred to us , that the country had not furnished you with the means of employing any . This is much to be regretted , indeed . Therelore , m order to remedy this very defective state of things , we beg leave to Bubmit the following resolution for your most serious consideration : — " Resolved , — Believing that the" success of the movement very much depends upon the advantage which is taken of
every circumstance and event calculated to attain our rights , we eonsider that it is absolutely necessary to furnish the Executive with a fund of itloO , in order that they may take advantage or thc present favourable circumstances , by employing a number of missionaries to desseminateour principles , extend our organization , and assist in restoring our beloved exiles . " We are sure that there is not a single Chartist in the country but would feel himself disgraced if the enomies of liberty even insinuated that the democrats of Great Britain were unable to raise this paltry sum . Why , if only 200 towns and vilages gave the sum of fifty shillings each , it wouldgiveiSOO ; only think of that , and then look at the good which it would do . It would enable
you to employ ( besides yourselves ) fifteen talented lecturers at £ 2 per week , for twelve weeks , and leave a surplus of £ 20 for incidental expenses , and , we doubt not , that before that time expired the agitation would be in such a healthy state , that you -would be enabled to give them permanent employment and increased wages . We are aware that a Biniple call through the Star will not be sufficient to raise this lund . The fact of the matter is , you have spoiled the people by being far too tender about money matters . We suppose you wou \ d rather live upon grass than make the least complaint about the nonpayment of your own paltry salaries . Now , as there is not a moment to lose , we beg leave to suggest the following as being , perhans . the most « lipihle and
speedy mode of raising the fund : —We propose that you Bhould make a selection of , perhaps 200 of the farthest advanced Chartist localities , who shall have the honour of being called , upon to raise this fund , and affix to their respective names a fair and equitable proportion , as the sum which they are expected to contribute . Having done this , we further propose that you get a few hundreds of Addresses printed , with a blank leaf for subscribers' namen , and send them to the various localities which you nieiy have selected ; at the same time , it would be well to invite the co-operation of the country generally . We
earnestly call upon you to do this at once ; do not delay a single moment ; no hesitation . Let usshake oil our lethargy , and go right a-head . Let us take Mr . O Connor ' s motto- " Onward , and w « conquer ; backward , and we fall ' . " But we must not fall , we must raise such a shout of " no surrender , " as will make the very walls of corruption ghake to their toundation . We request you to hand this communication to the Northern Star for insertion , accompanied with Buch remarks as you may think proper . —Yours m the cause , Daniel JAKDtsB , jun . Richard Montgomery . TnoxiAS Agnus . Edward Hanxah , Sub-Treasurer James M'Iniv , Secretary . Alexandria , Feb . 13 th , 1846 .
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. trengthand importance until , in the cou «» o £ a rfiort t ime , a public opinion would be created «• irresistible , from a . cmtaoumui of it . jortto * a . to . weep awaj every ve » U « of despotism , leaving nothing tomark its exiitenee , save the wrecked tun ot tt , o » who supported it , anrf the . ' araazement . of posterity thftt a people could be found base enough to pine and suffer from the effects of a vst ^ m , which needed only energy and moral courage on the part of the sufferers to ensure its utter annihilation We therefore agree with our South Lanc » sliiie friends ' that a friend for sucli a purpose ought to be railed , and will next week lay before the country a plan to be pursued for its accumulation . The other resolutien agreid to bj the delegates rolated to our exiled friends ,
FROST , WILLUMS , AND JONES , whom the delegates seem to thiuk are UkWy to b » restored , if proper exertion be made on their behalf . W « , a » members of the Exile Restoration Committee , in countxion with our brother members , . hav « agreed » s steps winch will appear well calculated to ensure th « reatoration of the expatriated victims . An address from that commttw will appear along with this , from which it will be seenhow necessary itis that the second moltt . tion of . the Lancashire delegates should 1 m enforcednamely , that a general fund should be established , from which the exp « n 6 e o . a decisive appeal on behalf of thoi * much injured men should bo paid . We art much obliged U our Alexandria friends for the flattiring manner in which they have been pleased to speak of our services , and beg to assure them that we will endeavour to act so as to merit a continuance of their esteem .
Ghbibtofdcb Doiu . Philip M'Gratu . Thomas Cubs . ¦ FEiRQUS O'CONNOl . Thomas Mabtik Whselee , Secretary .
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ADDRESS FROM THE CHARTISTS O * ALEXANDRIA ( VALE OF LEVEN ) , TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION .
Gkntlkmen , —A council meeting of the Chartists of this locality was held last night to consider the propriety of getting up a public meeting in behalf of h rost and his brother exiles , when , after having canvassed the subject in all its bearings , the council , with every disposition to assist , tho exiles , unanimously , but reluctantly , came to the conclusion that it was impracticable at present . This grievous and unhealthy state of things naturally led us to take a brief review of our past history , our present position , and future prospects . We took our own locality for example , we believe that similar causes produce similar results throughout Scotland . In 1838 , the Radicals of this place were given to understand that Mr . CollinB , from Birmingham , would pay them a
visit . The result of this intimation was the formation of a Working Man ' s Association , the grand object of which was the obt . iin-i . ent of the " People ' s Charter . " At that time the inhabitants of this place were so thoroughly democratic , that not less than from 600 to 600 joined the Association , and for a considerable time after . its formation , the movement was so popular that in any case of emergency , we could always calculate upon having spirited meetings , and of raising subscriptions varying from £ 10 to £ 50 ; and that , too , without the immediate aid ot a public speaker . Things then went on so smoothly and vigorously , that we verily believe that Mr . Attwood ' s request could have been complied with . It was to this eifect— " Give me 2 , 000 , 000 of shillings ,
and I will stake my existence that it will carry the People ' s Charter . " But , alas ! this state of things was destined to come to an end . It would appsar that the demon Discord was wroth at the harmony which reigned in our ranks , and he threw the " physical and moral force" bone of contention amongst us . This created a terrible ferment in our ranks . The contending parties raged fiercely for the mastery , and when the effervescence had in some measure subsided , it wag found that the bulk of both parties , after having neutralised their strength , retired from the movement , leaving the waters of Chartism contaminated with thc filth and mud of prejudice and disunion . Hence the persecutions , and prosecutions , the imprisonments , and baifchments , of our
best and truest friends . Yet even after this , if all our leaders had been honest , we might have again gathered our scattered forces together , and unitedly carried on our peaceful struggle for the attainment of our rights . But , alas ! . it was not so ; many of our professing lenders at this time carried on an extensive system of private letter writing—eaeh one tried to establish his own fame upon the ruins of his neighbor ' s character . In fact , some of the letters which came to this locality were buried , while some of the productions of a certain " foreign policy " gentleman—who is well known among the Newcastle Colliers—was consigned to the flames , on account oi the . villanouB imputations they contained , against the character of Mr . O'Connor . ContemDoraneouslv
with this system of private slander , there existed another equally detestable . Many of our would-be leaders went through the country , and privately , but with a seeming degree of candour , and' professions of an ardent love for the cause , related aonie oi the real or supposed delinquencies of some of their brother leaders . It was not to be expected that this malignant system would stop short here . No : it overflowed the banks of privacy , and got into a new channel—it was transferred to the press and the platform . Then we bad accusations , and count « r-accusations , criminations , and recriminations , fierce declamations , and foul-mouthed denunciations . To such a lenjth were these party bickerings carried , that the grand Question of the people ' s riehts was
completely lost sight of , amid the iSendisli din of party strife and personal malevolence . It split the people up into innumerable sections , | some pulling one way and some pulling another , while many got disgusted and left the movement altogether . These are a few cf the evils with which the movement was cursed , in consequence of allowing a parcel of irresponsible , itinerating lecturers , many of whom were alike devoid of honesty and talent , to prowl through tho country and live upon the very vitals of tho movement . Notwithstanding this , however , Chartism seemed destined to live and thrive . Despite the treachery of professing friends and the open attacks of avowed enemiei , there was still a few who stood faithful to their principles . And first among the
foremost was to be found our brav « and dauntless champion , Feargus O'Connor . Being possessed of a herculean frame , and an almost superhuman energy of character , our devoted chief lias for weeks together been known , by night and by day , to travel from town to to wn , to council and advise \ i ith the people , to sooth the angry feelings of conilicting parties , and by his presence impart confidence to all . One would have thought that the character of a man of such untiring devotion would have escaped unharmed amid the general wreck . But , alas ! it was not so ; many of the aspirants after leadershi p were filled with hate against him . They envied him his dear-bought fame and popularity ; they left no stone unturned to get rid of him ; they fastened upon garbled extracts from his speeches
and writings , and made them the groundwork of th « many malicious charges which were brought against him . This caused more confusion in our ranki for a time , and when order began gradually to be restored , we cherished the hope that the movement would progress smoothly and vigorously . But it would appear tho evil genius of Chartism was not yet apptased ; he determined to nrnke another grand effort to cmh the movement altogether , and , accordingly , he poured out upon our ranks another phial of his wrath . It contained a mixture which the Scotch people look upon as being the most deadly and malignant of all mixtures—viz ., thc mixture of religion ( irreligion , we should have said ) with politics . This is the thing which , in this locality , lias doue us more
harm than all other evils put together . It has completely . paralysed all our efforts to extend the organisation . It crushes us down to the earth like an incubus . The religious prejudices of the people are fairly Bet against us . They ( the people ) will scarcely come to hear a Chartist lecture , so much is the very name _ despised on account of this mixture . We might mention , many other circumstances which militated against the movement throughout the country generally , such & 8 the ever-to-be lamented outbreaks at Newport , Bradford , &c ., the plug-plot interference in 1842 , and , we hadalmosk said , the Sturge movementtrue , it caused some stir for a little time , but , upon tho whole , it was so feeble and impotent , that it hardly deserves to be named ) . We had the dishonesty of a portion of a former Executive , and the bad effects resulting therefrom , but it would be impossible to narrate a tithe of the numerous influences which
were at worikto crush the "cause . " Suffice it to say , that these are a few of the dangers which the good ship " Charter" had to pass through , and if experience is not to ho cast away upon us , let them serve as beacons to warn us on our future course . In looking at our past history , we think that the pernicious , impolitic , and very foolish mode of conducting the movement must be apparent to all . When the movement began it was extremely popular . Wo have now j ust twelve enrolled Chartists . We cannot get a good meeting even with the attraction of a lecturer , and should find it' very difficult indeed to raise from £ 10 to £ 50 by subscription ; yet , in some respects , our present position willbeseen to advantage when compared with our past history . Formerly we had Thomas Attwood , thc paper money advocate , for our Parliamentary leader ; now we have the manly , talented , and accomplished T . S . Buncombe . For merly , we had no dircctiug head to conduct the agl
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LONDON . WHiTECHAPEL .-. Mr . il'Grath lectured at the Brassfounders' Arms , on Sunday : it was the largest meeting we have had in this locality . The long room was crowded to excess . Our worthy lecturer gave great satisfaction . A vote of thanks was given to tlie lecturer , and the meeting separated , highly gra-LltlcQa
LEEDS . Mr . T . S . Mackintosh delivered the first of a series oi four lectures on his " Theory ot the Universe , to a very numerous audience , in the Bazaar , on Sunday evening . The lecture appeared to give great satisfaction to all present . The second lecture will be delivered on Sunday ( to-morrow ) eveninc . lhe council were taking active steps to have another petition , m addition to that from the public meeting , in behalt of Frost , signed by the inhabitants at large , lhe number attached to it already amounts to S . 00 O , and it is thought that in a few days it will be 20 , 000 . If other towns will follow the example of Leeds the return of Frost and his colleagues will speedily be accomplished .
MERTIIYR TYDVIL . The members of Branch No . 1 of the Land Society met in their Reading-room on Sunday morning , the 15 th inst . After reading tho Star , a Jarge portion of Cobbett ' s " Cottage Economy" wasread . We have read Mr . O'Connor's work on " Small Farms twice over , and have derived much knowledge Irom it , for which we tender him our heartfelt thanks .
. MOUNTAIN ( YORKSHIRE ) , tuavtum is vapidly progressing in this quarter . We have established a Mutual Instruction Socictv , to which wo are addiug a library . A branch of ' the Uartist Co-operative Land Society has been commenced , which is advancing very favourably . We beg most cordially to thank Mr . O'Connor , first , for his noble and energetic exertions in preparing the Mighah mind for a knowledge of the land ; socondlv , tor writing his indispensable work on the practical management of small farms ; and , thirdly , for propounding a plan by which every labouring man may obtam a sufficient quantity of land to free him from tlie insults of domestic tyrants , and the infernal din and smoke of the rattle-box . - ' ! he members of the Utotist Co-operative Land Society meet overy Mondaymght , at eight o ' clock , at Abraham ButterfMd ' s , Mountain , near the Queen ' s Head , Halifax , \'
ork-„ _ „ STOCKBORT . Mr . James V , llliams lectured in the Chartist-room , Bomber s-brow , on Sunday last . Subject- " The Land and the Charter . " A lecture will bo delivered in the above room on Sunday evening next , Feb . 22 nd ., at six o ' clock precisely .
_ „ , OLDHAM . On Sunday last , Mr . A . F . Taylor delivered his fourth and lust lecture on " Agrarianism , " in the school-room of the Working Man ' s Hall ; the lectures have been listened to with great attention . —At the weekly meeting of the members of the Land Society the following resolution was unanimously passed : — 1 lhat the members of the Lund Society in this locality respectfully suggest to the directors the propriety of having the rules enrolled previous to any purchase of laud taking place . Nevertheless , should it be utterly impossible , from difficulties which we cannot at present see , to do so , we respectfully submit the propriety of making the purchaso in such a manner as to satisfy the most timid of the security of the society , against those parties in whose name tho said land may be purchased . " ... . „ ¦ „ .. ;
.Ftafm. Fflfato
. ftafm . fflfato
F • To The Working Classes;
f TO THE WORKING CLASSES ;
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AND NATIONAL TliDEi JOURNAL .
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VOL X NO . 432 . LONDON . SAID KDAY ,. HOjEPAltt 21 . 1846 * n ^ TTmm - ' ~ 7 v " v" ' ¦¦ ¦ ?»¦* - > ?¦ - ¦< . ¦< ¦¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ Tire ShHih , gH t aa 8 XpeMce per < jIlarlw
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 21, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1355/page/1/
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