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4ftoi5k Ihobemnttef R
4 ftoi 5 K iHobemnttef
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« Ana I win war , at least in words , ( And—thouldmy chance so happen—deeds , ) WithaU who war with Thought !" « I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people bj and by will be the stronger . "—Bnox .
REVELATIONS OF ROME . KO . I . The last nnmber of the Westminster Review contains an article founded upon two publications , entitled , first , "The Christian Alliance ; " second , "Apoitd ato Popolare . " The first of these may be termed the "Constitution" of an American Society , dating from the 12 th of May . 1 S 43 , which has been established "to promote religious freedom , and to diffuse useful and religious knowledge among the natives of Italy , and ether Papal countries . " The aim of this association is purely theological ; it
repudiates political questions . Admitting that the object of this society may be as good as the motives of its members are undoubtedly pure , still the writer of the article in the Westmauter Review well argues that" it is impossible to get at the religious question otherwise than through the political . " The writer emphatically adds : — " To be must precede to thhik ; and Italy it not . " Again— "You may warehouse bibles , or copies of Merle d'Adbigsh and M'Ceee , at ¦ every point around Italy that may favour their dispersion ; slowly , and in numbers imperceptible , they
may reach the hands of those who have no need of them , of those whose souls are already freed ; hut the mass , ' the gay unthinking peasantry' of the villages of Italy , 'the mechanics and shopkeepers of her towns , ' will never hear of them . The gendarmes , the priests , and the Custom-house form , between them and the instruction you seek to afford , a triple wall , insurmountable to individual agents of a transatlantic society . Every theory of education , then , for the massea of Italy , resolves itself into a problem Ofliberty . "
The 'Apostolato Popolare" is , we are informed by the writer we have above quoted , a periodical publication in Italian , published in London , of which twelve numbers have made their appearance ; it represents the opinions of the National Italian Association known as " Young Italy . " On these two publications the writer in the West , minster Review grounds an article on the condition and prospects of the Italian people . He commences with ( aid in the present article confines himself to ) an investigation of the condition of the Papal States . He complains most justly of the disgraceful apathy
which prevails in this country in reference to the Italian question , "the cause of a people to whom Europe owes its civilization . " He reminds the English public that "The map of Europe has to be xie-modelled . The part of statesmen should , therefore , be to prepare for England a new political and commercial existence , by cultivating the germs of -sympathy and alliance with the new Powers thatwill spring out of the crisis . " For ourselves , desirous of empleying every available means to promote the great principle of Fraternity , and knowing that we could best do so by imparting to the working classes
of England a knowledge of their brethren of other lands , we saw the utility of transferring to our columns at least the principal facts contained in the article in the Westminster Review ; we accordingly applied to the author of the article for permission to extract from his valuable composition , which assent , we are happy to acknowledge , was kindly and . promptly given . The extracts we have now to lay before our readers cannot fail to deeply interest them , ¦ and will , we doubt not , kindle , in their breasts feelings of the warmest sympathy for unfortunate Italy , and corresponding indignation towards her cruel gaolers , and intolerant oppressors : —
AG 7 H 0 BITT OF THE POPES—SAPOISOX—KISTOKATIOH OF " LEorriMACY "—issua&ECiros or 1 S 31 . Our readers will recollect how the districts which now form , the territories of the Pope accepted his authority in -the middle ages as a power protective of the spirit of democracy and of the municipal franchises , against the -despotic usurpation of foreign emperors . Originally , it was a sort of synaUagmatic contract , store or less ex . . plicit , by which there was conferred on the Pope a right of suzerainty and a tribute , reserving to themselves the uncontrolled administration of the finances , the choice of . magistrates , the power of making and dissolving alliances—all , in a word ,-that constitutes oona fide independence . Afterwards , devotion to the Holy See , the
splendour necessary to the centre of Christianity , the necessities of the Church , reforms to be accomplished , petty tyrants to be put down , furnished so many bases for the profound and MachiaveUan system of usurpation contaminated by Alexander the Sixth and Clement the Seventh . One by one , the popular liberties were swallowed np : those that were nominally spared were rendered nugatory . Thus , a council and s magistracy were left in the towns , possessing the right of voting on municipal matters ; bat the Sovereign reserved thepower of appointment to the Council , the choice of the heads , the fixing of the time when and the matters ou which they were to deliberate . If local statutes were conserved , t&ey were those which might tend to maintain division and rivalry between city and dry , and whi . cn , such as the
difference of weights and measures , wire bars to commerce and intercommunication . Bepr ] pred of liberty and I political life , and under the thousand . His notorious as in-1 herent to ecclesiastical government the Roms-i prorinces I had attained , at the time of the , Crene l , ^ tatto ,,, the -wretched supremacy of Italy " ^ ^ and j ^ vemamt , * j TJnto Xapoleon , * ' t fl le ^ fion 8 fomea SaSSSST' W . astheyJX ** .. » . SEX ? " >* V *** . ** «* & »* A yto *> £ abolition of -aesubrersionof every feudal privilege , the Sw ? * e old law , and the substitution of codes j , " . -dptea to the times and manners , the equality of educationmih
^ x la tke eyes ??**«? law , the diffusioB of , - « tary Tsak open to all classes of ifce yoff * . ; * fZ > nationality beaming brightly before the ej <* . ** « * possiblyto be realised at no distant ti * O » p idtf Slevatea x these provinces from their sunken stattv Rome , and tne I other portions of the estates of the Tape , which were 1 1 united n > the empire in 1810 , made Ies 3 pftgress than the Marches and Legations . The inevitable « onseqjiences oti : foreigo « Jominatfon , obtrusive in all thiims even toits ifenga age , ^ fflfiralised the cm ! and legislate benefits tilSt might Oferwise have rented . . Ho * e * er , tfose provinces were slso improving , J * enm M ^ J "* " ^ Of the pen anniinlated alt * £ e e ?™*** <***<**> > ot j
life , of progress , soieeenQ ymanifeit . - . ,. , , not ri That epoch restored old authorities , b . c f atore ancient rights . Promises were lavtsi& . Tg ^ teginning of all restorations . The N&n « teQ- ** ** .. jto be maintained , taxes were to be loweted , Jtifju c ™? ¦ Son was . to be confided to those whoamnhlfc «„;„ - a * - " - " - l - " - "'^ "onCwS ttemeu me mosi . c ^^ „ ^ s rsnr ^ s ± sixis SwE ^ fis-ja- aas Wsmmi Prefect of Bologua waslj ^ ftL ™ 61116 f ™* ' *•
Q ceires « , < W 0 fianM va J 03 ** auctions , n 9 H- remmmm m ^ mm Sn ^^ / ranina onr ^ ersthatfte £ surrectum spread over tea prorinces in three or W Se tt ^ l ° PP 05 lh ° ' " * *"* " «* a - only Oefore the Austrian army . A capitulation was siened at Ancona , onthe 26 thof March , between thelnsuXon « y Government and Cardinal Benvenuti : a flSSS " - * re amnesty was guaranteed . This Was . " arnrfX sFttttzzs * : July 181 ^ for the national cause-had arrested on thl mmm
- as- *—•* = « = = ^ EBSSSSv CSfiS ^ hemunich ^ bX SleW ngriI i L rBlmdiated *• « deception . * m £ S £ *™***** Vtermed « udwere covered with SSSiV "" Md eoBah I . that of Porli , that boMt efSS , ; * ^ ^ ° - himself . Theywereunanhnous ^ d ^ ^ Whop > 8 Ti « r « on of fetters of families to tfehirt i" * « a « i « - gstracy ; the election by tteS 5 S 2 l tteina - » i-ssri £ ? S SSsSWiSSi ^ SS ^^ FS ^ ssssi CoWGrS b ^ onal 8 ddreSSed to *• » M- » te
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6 th ef January , 1832 , chosen , with the aaseat of the Prolegatei , by . the heads of . the magistracy , . who were ^ charged to mak « known to the government the real wisbea gf the people . This committee wa » dissolved . The ? op « j ? e «« sted in exacting the precise and simple execntfcH rftW enactments of the 5 th of July , and succeeding dates . On florttingthe legations , at the end of July , the Austrian bsa intrusted the preservation of order to the CiriC'Guard : the disbanding of this guard was decided upon , and on the 10 th of January , 1832 , Cardinal Btrnetti announced that it would be replaced by a re-organised regular soldiery . These soldiery , whose pay was forthcoming by the raising of a loan , were in great part composed of banditti and miscreants picked from the prisons of Civita-Castellana , San Leo , and St . Angelo ; the
officers were in general men known for their ferocity or for an ultra Sanfedism ;• their commander was Baibleri , who , in 1831 , had been with difficulty saved from thefury of the populace . Foreseeing a frightful reaction , the £ omignese refuted to receive them . Resistance wa » however hopeleti , for on the 12 th there came notes from the four Powen , approving the march of these troops , offen . ing their assistance to the Pope to obtain him an immediate ani unconditional surrender , and informing the recusants that they had net to expect justice . The Bomagnese resolved that it becamo thorn to evince their opinion to the world by a marked demonstration . The
troops advanced , under the direction of Cardinal Albani : the Civic Guard resisted , then fell back , to weaken the enemy by compelling him to spread over the country . The Papal ruffians committed horrors which would b § incredible were it not that there are living and unexceptionable witnesses of the fects . Ceseua was given up to plunder : even the churches were not excepted ; in that of the Madonna del Monte , men suing for life , the crucifix in hand , were pitilessly massacred . At Eorli , children , old men of eighty , and pregnant women , were amqnz the murdered . These excessas would hare driven the whole people to the direst reprisals , when the Austrians made their appearance a second time , invoked by the Popei . ' ' "' 7 _ -
We omit the French expedition to Ancona , which took place at the beginning of February . It bad no bearing on the principal question , and was only undertaken to quitt the anxiety of Franc * . But we dwell with pleasure on the noble language held at this time by Lord Seymour , who bad been despatched to Rome by the English government . He alone of the envoys of the great powers plainly declared that the pretended reforms neither answered the requirements of the people nor even the guarded demands of the memorandum of the 21 st of Hay . He alone affirmed , in a correspondence with Prince Metternich , that there could be no possible tranquility for the Italian provices until justice was done . On his departure he bore with him the esteem of the Italians , who were afflicted to perceive that , while « very intervention for ill wag tolerated in Europe , there was not a single government that deemed itself obliged to
interfere effectively for good . The language of the other powers was mean , false , and designedly canting . They spoke of the imprescri ptible rights of the throne , and of Ultimate authority ; they loaded with commendations the wisdom of the court of Borne ; the King of Prussia declared big profound veneration for the taariH pmm i of the Pontiff ; Nicholas laid his sincere regards at Ou > fed of Gregory . France descended still lower , and even to calumny , in the person of M . de St . Aulaire , who asserted that the Civic Guard had plundered the public treasury ; The Belgian question now absorbed attention ; Austria and the Pope remained masters of the ground ; the patriots commenced a more silent struggle ; bat the Italian question bad made one step in advance ; for the subjects of the Pope , convinced that they had nothing henceforward to hope from without , drew closer their bonds with those wh » alone can work out their triumph , the twenty millions of their brethren .
From this rapid survey , our readers will have deduced the unanimity of opinion that reignB in the Papal States respecting their government : we shall now show what that government is . ( TobeeontinuedJ { io vecunnnvcu . j
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FIVE PERSONS POISONED . Liverpool , Feb . 24 . —An inquest was held yester-Jay on the bodies of Jane Gilton , aged 17 ; her sister , Margaret Gilton , aged 16 ; and their brother , John Gilton , aged 12 years . Two others of the same family had died previously to the three deceased , namely , on the loth of the present month the youngest son , Edward Gilton * aged seven years , and on the 17 th , Mr . Gilton , the mother , widow of the late Mr . Gilton , printing-ink and colour manufacturer . The business had for some years past been carried on in the premises in West Derby . The whole of the inmates of the house had been more or less ill for about three weeks ; the eldest and yet surviving son ( aged
about twenty ) being the least affected , he not having been so constantly at home as the other members' of the family . The female servant and a nurse were also taken ill . The eldestson deposed to these facts , and stated that aboat three weeks aga he waa employed in making green verditer , an article used by paper-stainers , and in colouring walls . In thiapreparation there was a large quantity or arsenic . He put the ingredients into a boiler in a shed at some distance behind , and detached from the house . Between this shed and the house there is a long building , which appears to have been formerly a conservatory or greenhouse , but had bees converted
into what is now called " the colour-house . " In one division or compartment of the colour-house—that nearest to the shed—there was a well with a pump on one side of it . The well is about four yards deep , and contains about two yards depth of water . Tias well has also a pipe communicating with a pump in the back kitchen , from which the water is taken for domestic purposes . It appeared that , after the eldest j son had made that part of the preparation containing the arsenic , it had to be ladled into a bucket , carried into the colour-house , and there put into a tub . to I cool . This waa carefully done by a labourer who was employed on the premises . After being cooled , and the other ingredients added , the liquid on $ & to ? re " nnired to be drawn off . which was done tea
siphon-! | pipe , letting it into a wooden spout wnicn discnargeo itecontentsinto , or near to . a sewer « hch is between the colour-house and the boiler-shed . The deposit from the liquid was aU l «™^»? j !« trade . There was no evidence that any of the liquid hadbeen spilt in thetransit , but itis , not improbable ttat » me ofit has either found its way into the wdlbythetop . which was only covered wth a Elen Ud level with the floor , or , it may he , that 35 the poisonousliquid had oozed from the sough IS the weft , between which there is a distance of 1 TKhree deceased ( on whom the inquest was l heldt were similarly affected during their illness with \ nausea and wnifing , ™ j the mother had also a * " Uevere cou » h . Neither of the three deceased were |
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HOUSE OF LORDS-Momuy , Feb . 23 . PROTECTION OF LIFE ( IRELAND ) BILL . The Earl of St . Gbbmaks moved the second reading of this bill , of tnenecessity for passing which it became his duty to endeavour to satisfy the house . The object of the bill was to invest the executive government in Ireland with powers with which it was not at present armed , in consequence of the increased amount of crime , murder , and outrageous assaults in that country . The noble earl then proceeded , with the view of establishing the necessity for the measure , to read a mass of documentary evidence , proving the increase of crime in Ireland , narticularlv
as regarded offences against property , hitherto of rare occurrence in that country , as compared with England , under the head of robberies , The total number of all offences committed in Ireland against the person , against property , and against the public peace was , last year , 3 , 103 , and in the present 5 , 281 . The noble earl then went on to say , that he was satisfied it wonld be in some degree consolatory to their lordships to know , that in eighteen counties of Ireland crime had dimunsfied , and in four others that it remained stationary . It was onl y in ten counties that it had increased , viz ., Cavan , Fermanagh , King ' s Co ., Longford , WTestmeath , Clare ,
Roscomnion , Limerick , Tipperary , and Leitrira . The noble earl then proceeded to detail a variety of eases of outrage and violence of air appalling character in the more disturbed districts , by bands of armed men at mght , by men who it was believed belonged t » secret associations , bound togetherby oaths / and banded together for the purposes of violence , robbery , and intimidation . Out of 187 homkiefea and aggravated assaults , five only were committed on the persons of gentlemen , the rest being committed on small * farmers and cottiers , persons , some of whom had lived many years on their holdings , and only were- aublected to these acts of outrage beeause they
were-employed by persons obnoxious to these sanguinary depredators . As the law stood , the rieb man , witb his house well secured , and his servants well armed , was in a comparative state of security , while the psor man had , at best , but a most inadequate and insufficient protection , although everything had been done that could be done by the government to afford it him under the existing law . He thought , therefore that he was justified in asking their lordships ta pass a law for the protection of the lives-and lands of all classes of her Majesty ' s subjects in Ireland . Theprincipal provisions of the bill were the empowering of the Lord Lieutenant to declare , by proclamation ,
that any district in which offences should be committed required an additional police- ferce , the expense of such addition thereupon to be borne by the district . The inhabitantsof the district so proclaimed are to remain within their houses-from sunset to sunrise . Another dame empowennthe executive to offer rewards for tke apprehension © founders . The next provision levies a fine on any district in which a murder occurs , for the benefit of the- surviving relatives . The rates for these purposes are to be levied on the poor-rate valuation , and bo > holding , however small , to be exempt . No persons are to be permitted to congregate in public-houses ,, or places where liquor is sold , between sunset and' sunrise . The offence for so-congregating k-, by another clause , made a misdemeanor . Trial by jury is in : all cases
preserved . Tbe-inthsidation orinjuring of < witnesses is , by another clause , declared a misdemeanor ,, which may be tried like the other misdemeanors ; uader this bill , either at quarter sessions or the- assizes . The noble eari , after alluding to- the fact that Parliament had , in the present sessions , already- voted the sub of £ 446 : 609 'for the purpose of publio weeks in Ireland , and that last year railway bills-involving an expenditure ; of £ 0 , 900 , 000 in . the same country passed the legislature , said that it was impossible these sums could produce the results expected from their employment , unless- by- otner measures they could ensure security to the capitalist , and to- the labourer employed-in carrying out these wonks , security for life-ana limb . He beliovedithe measure he proposed would give that security , and * therefore , msred its seeond reaoing .
The Marquis of Ljhsdowjhb : did not rise to offer the slightest opposition to the second reading oif the bill , which he had . no doubt was- intended ; ^ it purported'tabe , for the preservation of ' the lures off her Majesty ' s subjects in many parts oi Ireland . As things atprasent stoad , no man wouldt be peroitted the rcee use » £ his labour ; . in , connection . with the-measures-proposed by her Majesty ' s government , with out finding his . industry-or his-enterprise-liable to be arrested by the hand- of the- assassin * . He felly admitted the justice of the proposition that the- object of the bill was to afibrd protection to the poor ; at the same tune he- should reserve to himself the right of iHfting OB : her Majesty ' s government the necessity or " endeavouring by . some other methods to alleviate and improve the ' condition of the Irish people .
Lord &ough . U £ said their first , duty was , to make Iceland a habitable country . He- could lme wished , to have found a provision in the bill to change the venue if having the trial ajad accusation , take placein apart of the country where the parties prosecution and witnesses would not be subject to the shot oi blow of the assassin . Lard Fjlrssux gave a sketch of the disturbances in Cavan , wnich . from being the most peaceful county in Ireland had become in fourteen months the seat of desperate outrages . The oriein of these crimes
might be traced to the Riband societies—associations of the most dangjerous description . The noble lord concluded by giving his most cordial support to the proposed measure . I The Marquis of Cuxricarde defended himself against the attacks of a portion of the Irish press I which had assailed him for adhering to the proposed coercive measure , which seemed to him to stand alone , and to be unconnected with any other projects for the benefit of Ireland . He did not , however , I concur in all the details of the bill , which he thought should be limited as to its duration , and which was 1 defective in the degrees of punishment apportioned
to certain offences . The Earl . of Wickuot said the measure , so far as it went , had his support , but to make it effective , additional clauses were required , which would ensure the bringing to justice of the perpetrator of crime . The bill , as it present stood , merely aimed at preventing its commission . I The Earl of Clancartt objec t " toll , giving the Lord-1 - into a disturb '
k ^^^ s sanctioned by the W Jfe Tl p mver «* migh'i rest assured it -WaftSrJu }? *< H : fi" ? tr ^^ # ^ Brougham , m « Planation irom Lord thought a case SlSfSSH ^^ ** *** I government with additional ut io £ aratbl S the however , consider the prLK ' Hec ™!< inot ~ neeted with other plans WtK ea 8 ? M d 'W h land , and he t tajKbVoUt T f ? tion * M solemn vote , it ^ aion of A Sh ° ? record > by this coercion ' bill KTt £ ^ J f *«* <* < Wling siveand statesmanlike- na £ e 1 ^ » PreW \\ opimon on this point , thatTf « S ° '^ n > n - was his came forward , hJshodld feer if fc * fr wbki lo ^ SBB ^ e * was readasec ^ ndW ^ dThfS ^ . ^ VOI house
<* tmm * -to ^ rZ s ^ J ZT ^ Sapi&jffia&g&jssje of the recent victory achieved \ > aveJinS intelligence army of the Sikhs . JV our troops over the
iuJftnSSfiP gaum Robert Pekl stated y •?' . > Mr O'Connell , Sir government to intrc 4 »» J- lt ; n was the intention of the commercial mev ,, „ * ° riiament , as soon as m ^^ ^ S&r ' f- ^ wfore the house the cSSS readiness to W Cantwell and the ^ Wence between BishoJ f'ng to the recent ex ecution ST of Ireland ' rela * hnpr . I ] e also sb 3 gjfgi « f % an Seery , at Mul . county of Westmeath hJ * akMeP"tation from the carried into pff « . t miL- » ln thisinatanfii » . rimiiiw
thepetWoners' r equest tSh ? ad coincided wi aon had been influenced tJBPi , " ^ rdship ' s dooi , rations than anything those S ? ! lfferent cona » * ADJOURNPn W *" had ^ 'TOQed , The wearisome andt pt £ W , ATEand CustomsBill was theTS'if ^ te on the Corn sible for even the most taJSS ^ ««« t » 8 itiaimpoa . any degree of novelt y team JP ^ kers to impart worn out , we shall not wao ? Uestl 0 n s ° thoroughly more profitably emplo yed ^ ? pace wh » ch can be speeches which seem Q . ^ , 8 afc any length debate and proiraet Ih 7 « ? rely to SDin outthe Protective party , final Prostration of the 'Atfeattwws . -te
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free , trade was inapplicable to any sen wate country , and could onl y be sucwssfully adopted junder treaties of reciprocity . ^ "Turkey could not legitimately be cited as an instance of a country ruined by free trade , the institutions ef that kingdom being wht'Hy averse to tne pursuits of cbmmetcB . The plea fo . r protection dewed from our future dependence upon foreign countries for corn , was neutralised by thw circumstance of our being at present , to a greait extent , dependent upon such supplies . He abwiM u ive the proposal of government his bearfiy support . taptam Bateson avowed , that n » an- Irish member , he should give hig decided oppositions the haaardoos and ^ ^ revolutionary scheme of the gevernmeBt . He availed himself of the opportunity to accuse- Mr .
Bright , on the authorit y of Mr . Leonard Homer ' s Faetory Report for 1845 , of dealing ia profession ? of humanity , which were not genuine , aw in declarations of liberality and philanthropy towardB the psor , which were at once spurious and hypocritical . The measure more immediately before the hoHse , he con ' tended , would destroy the export trade of Ireland shut out from Great Britain its agricultural- produce , and annihilate its linen trade . It would likewise give a premium to agitation , by enabling the Repealers to state , and unfortnnately with troth , tbat Irishmen were treated in England no better than other foreigners . He treated as perfectly ridiculous the compensation which government proposedto give tcthe landlords of Ireland for this most injurious
measure . Four millions of -waste land in Ireland would hare been brought into cultivation uwjer . the fosiering influenec of protection ; but the heath wo * Id still continue to flourish o& one part , and the bog to encroach ui » n the remaining part of them , under the system- new proposed . For such & loss , what pecuniary gran * could . be a compensation ? Mr .. Mo . VTACjrE-GFOBZ avowed a eltange of opimon with regard to > the policy of maintaining the @orn Laws . The apprehensions of the-agriculturists-re-8 pecti » s foreign competition vrere' groundless ;' . the expenses attending ; the transit of corn ' of o&er countries- affording , a snmcient protection to the native gpowor , . and various circumstaoees concurring to prevent any superabundant sunpty from these
sources . The suceess- of our manufacitures mighfr . be relied upon > as a better security for the welfare of British agriculture thaw could possibly be derived from any legidative-proteotion . He read a variety of statistics t » show that free trade would be advantageous-to every elass-of the comraunitv , whether labourers , tenants , . formers , landholders , shipownors > or manufactarers . These arguments h&reintorcedi by quotations from the speeches of maay . of the most [ famous statasmen of post and present times . Me gave his hearty support 1 to- the measure before the Bouse . Mr . A . FiraoEBALD-approved the measure as a prelude to a poliey not meietyadvantageous-to Englasd ^ but also to every portion . otVthe empire , aad especially to-Ireland .
@aptain Lcokoart was fsrourable to moderate protection , and had eupnopfeedthenieasarcof 134 & oi > account of its conformity to this principle ; but the * present proposal of government went the fiia . ll extent of withdrawing it ^ and would thereby throw our inferior lands out oiTcultivation .. He should therefore vote fiwthe aroenttaseut . Sip George Clerk , like Mr . Buller ; . principally occupied himself in reviving to the-speeciu of-Mn Benjamin 9 ? Israeli > . and in contwrerting his statements . Mr . D'lsraeitihad alleged that the proposal * of government were directed to atwo-fold purpose ; , first , to provide fon- a sudden casualty , and secondly , to conduct a sew system . He admitted the first , but denied the seowidinferer . se-.-. Govern
men * were carrying out a > policy whieh ? . for the last twenty . years ,, had ! baen sueeessiveljr acted upon by eveiy . administration whiohMiad presided I over public affairs : He then'proceeded to defend the measurenow proposed bythe government , and to shew that it would equalisft-prices ,, not by bringing English , pricas-down to the continental level , bat by . raising continental prices to the English level .. He likewise entered into a description : of the agricultural resouroes of Geruaany , Poland , Russia , and America , for . tfae purpose of' demonstrating that the apprellcnsionfrwhich had been once entertained ! that so large an inundation oBToreign corn would foltow-the rejMkl ; of the Corn Laws-as woidd throw our arable landiout , of cultivation , were false-and unfounded . loathe
lasfefive years we had imported 1 O , OQO ; OQ 0 quarters of oorn ,. or 2 j * 0 ©; 090 annually . Ha' did not think that any man would contend that the ~ people of Englandihad been overfed in that time ^ and lie now assested i that if in . the next five years our importation should amount to- 3 , 000 , 800 a-year ,. it would Hot be more than auScient for the rapid increase of oii ? population , and would not throw a single-British acre out of cultivation * He nest referredi to > the speech of Mr . Hudson , and commenting uponihis assertion that in the year USST . he had' imported ! foreign corn into England at 25 s . a quarter , obaemed that ao argument against the present measure was to be deduced . from it , as there had been then four conseentive good . harvests , aad'a glutexisted in the- corn markets both
at home and . abroad . But what happened the very next year t Thepriee of corn at Hamburgh , from the badness of the harvest , rose-to 63 b . Sd ., and the freight to . England rose from 3 s . Od . and 3 s . 6 d . to 8 s . and 0 b . That led to great fluctuations of price in the horae market—fluctuations vvhieh would t » avoided in future by the operations of the government measure . He then answered in detail the other arguments advanced . by Messrs . D'Israeli , Hudson , and Muntz with respect to the injury inflicted on the silk trade , the paper-hanging trade , and the zinc and spelter trade , by the relaxation of protective duties . He replied to their assertionsand arguments by the production of Custom-house and other public
documents , proving thatevery one of these trades had derived the greatest benefits from the very measures which were said to have been so pernicious to them . He also accused Mr . D'Israeli of having been guilty of the greatest unfairness in his "business speech , ' as he had himself been pleased to call the speech which he had delivered on Friday evening . He showed that Mr . D'Israeli—in the comparison which he had drawn between the effects of protection and those of free trade—had never taken his compart ' daring an average of years , but had alwav contrast between the best year of iw ' worst year of free trade . A net congratulate ^ - ' ance i <"'
~ . m ^ . inadehii ^ - . ucection , and thi —ier 8 tf * t ;« igf <| b , # he couh . •* « non . member on iJflifitsi ^^ appear JsJgsf ^ S imports ? " Now tnti , «* •«?• l tap *» yfree thatthis ' mSZ fifti ^ *? . - rep / -ied / nS ; iis jo Id r lie i ie e
, S " « smn syate m of commo 3 S l \ ?* > to *] ib wl all the alleged flSSftj ' - SZ'V ^^ satisfied thehouso CK Y JsraeJl ' anJ i 8 vin ? of them * « S ' m ^ i 3 t ^ stat S next proceeded to comSt S t * 5 , *» iiratB " , he f « on that * he hoiS 0 SJT " - Mr' ^ raeli ' s ^ - to % agri « ulturaf infist * a fonder Jc , ClerkJ repucUated itoSS a iV 1 ^ ^ < Si » «• a » d as an individual landSwSe ? K f , * ?»*> mttt the agrM - iUtuwl fflteS * 2 Sfj F tIleMlfl «« noa-sf ance of the Cora E ft ed on *»«¦* & «! font . s-w ^^ tTJf ? * 5 *
1 i for translated kS ^ ST&K ^ ****? i « h . e , than thatthe S SmSiJi moant *«* & * 1 a P the landlopds ^ renS ° maiai ^« oi 7 ^ A ^ ttoV T tion ^ his-a * - ^^ AtSi ^^ m ^ m had evw been his fortaMtii , \ ' P « hi whieh it ^ " ^ benches . SR OtakTS ?!? ? * " as ^ iss
MM ism
™ T ™™ oy claiming ft » ?»«» I " " » n ; di , * BmMMM to niamtam that protection , and 35 ^ eavour t y idmu « x ^ iments as the pr Cse t 0 W 03 B all Mr . Hun had marked the nadn ?\ T a 1 Sir Robert Peel ' s creed untS H £ ' ^ opment of the comploto enunciation of free . / eventuated in sunultaneousl y he had watchv I ™* Principle ! M K ^ * % >»»»» th ei x the ProtecKoSt Canada Corn Bill , the hmffi , i « PPort to ha ,. ? £ !
» enud « ating that poh ' cy on fK lnconsisten cy than their cordially supported the p the Pre sent occasion § 1 CAptain F , i ZIURRI 8 V - ° P * l oi government . P ^ j . party agains * ' orated the trite invectives the subject of the . n S r R - ™ > inconsistency on present proposit' Corn Laws . He condemned SpSfSBSSi Sm SffS
- ouu , M tb () CornLaw « r t , " P ° « •^ A Mh-Siasa ^ wp !
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, therefore , from an ) ' feeling of confidence in either Sir R . Peel or his government that he gave his support to it , but because he felt that it was the only course which he could puraueeonaistently with the opinions which he had formerly held , and wbnh he still continued to hold on the subject ) of the Corn Laws . The question , then , before the bouse was , not whether it would be satisfied with a mo&hed protection , but whether it would adhere . to the principle of protection in all the force of the Central Association in Bond-street ? To that principle he could not assent , and therefore he mustvete for the original motion .
On the motion of Lord Isobstbe the debatewas again adjourned . The other orders of the day were then disposed of , and the house adjourned at twenty minutes to one o ' clock , HOUSE OF LORDS-TraaDAT , Feb . 24 . The bnsiness this evening presented no feature of importance or norelty . The only measure deserving of nstice in this journal was a bill introduced by j LordDacre for the purpose of preventing dealingi between poachers and' licensed dealers for the sale of j game , by compelling the dealer to keep a book of his purchases , with the name of the seller , when , if it ' appeared the latter was- not a person possessed of jland ^ it might be concluded that he had obtained it 1 illegally- , A qualification' of ten or fifteen a « res might
be deemed sufficient fora seller . He also proposed » remedy , hy way of compensation , against preservers of game ; in case of damage-to the nei ^ libourlns lands ugon which the Duke of Rlchmondaiid ; Lord ! Hathertonsaid they had long caused ; tsheharea-andratebitson their- estates to be shot as- mere vesminy and had fouad ^ hepractice conducive both to-th e welfa re of the landlord ! , the tenant , an&tbe labourer . ; whom the preservation &f game merely tempted to poaciiang . Lerd'A ^ sHBCHTONsuggestedUhat talang liases out of the class' off game would meet the popular comp lainte againsfethe Garae ] Law 3 ,. and he would'pp&pose a clause to tiiai efiect in the committee- on- the- bill . The bill ! waa then read a second'time , and'the- house adjourned ;
HOISE ' -OF COMMONS—Tuesday ^ Feb . St . The- house met at four o ' clock .
FROS-T ,. WILLIAMS . JOSES ; AN ©> ELLB . Petiftions , praying for a remission of the sentences on Front , Williams , and Jones ? wete presented' by Mr . S . Crawfordi , from Rochdale and Dnlkeith ; by Mr Bain , front Greenock ; by Mr ; Williams from Coventry ; . signed by 2500 inhabitants ; by Sir J . Guest , from Merthyr Tydvil , and one fcom ^ Southwark . Sir G . STBicffitAKD presented a . petitroni froia a place in * He West Riding oCYorkshire ; prayingfoathe remission of the-sentence passed on Elliss Hie was convioted ' of settiog fire to some-houses ) but sineehis transportation circumstances hadioecurredwhiehileft little doufetr that he was innocent-. The petitioaers prayed that a full inquiry miglit'be institutodiini&all the particulars- d ) his case .
the adjournekdebate ; Mr . M . Jl O'eojJNEti , resumed the adjpunned debate on the Cora Laws . He supported ! ; tike ministerial measure . The other speakers in < its- favour jwere Messrst Pla « fce , Trelawney , sind the Gmancsilor ' oi the Exohf . § u 2 b , who contradicted the-rumour of liis being opposed to the measure before- the fause , and yielding it a reluctant support to . preserve his party in power . He gave a history of thepart he bad taken at the * time of the ministerial crisisy and then plunged into a sea of statistics ftm-fche purpose ' of answering , -the statistics adduced by Protectionist sneakers . Mritttltural alarmists were-not a laodern
race ; they-haid existed at least'as- early as tke time of Charles II-h and in that reign the Protectioaistsheaded bj ; . tae Duke of Buckingham- —had vaticinated moatrmournfullyoftha-dangerof the adaaission of Irish cattle into this country . Their apprehensions were entirely disproved-,, according tothe testimony of Sir Wm . Temple . The agriculturists must necessarily be benefitted bw the impulso wliish a tree commercial mxweoum \ n * iv other countries vftniW afford to our native manufactures . Tlie consistency of public- men had been a topic prominently introduced into this discussion , but the teznu' ' coasisteney ' *
meant something different from a blind adhesion to a particular law , at all times and under all circumstances .. The Protectionist partywere . not consistent , if unanimity upon the < &orn Law were to be taken as the test , some proposing its continuance for a longer period than others . Ho might be charged with political cowardice-, but he was-afraid to retain party connection at tho expense of great public- interests ; and if he wa& guilty of political tergiversation , it had been to shield iiis friends from the consequences of their own-want of foresight at th& ' iru-• ortant crisis .
Mr . Ferrahd made one of those slashing and outspoken speeches which have given him such a celebrity in the country * and which are so rare in the house . He commenced by repeating his assertion , tbft other night , \ xUli reference to the petition presented b y Lord Morpeth from the West Riding , that the signatures were obtained by the compulaion of the League masters . The house would remember that in the year 1843 lie had produced evidence in the house that the Anti-Corn Law League had purchased signatures in the West Riding of Yorkshire at the rate of a shilling a hundred . ( Loud laughter and cheers . } He was well aware , when th « noble
lord ( Lord Morpeth ) presented these petitions , that however much he ( Lord Morpeth ) might believe that they were the hone 3 tand the independent acts of the parties who had attached their signatures to them , that was not the fact . He ( Mr . Ferrand ) was prepared to prove before a committee of the house th «> truth of his statement , that the working people compelled by the master manufactur favoured the Anti-Corn Law League , *¦ signatures to the petitions , howevbe opposed to them in princi ^ if the men dared to refus ' to the petitions , ? ' daily bread
. eta , who . o attach their -r much they might tZ' * : (? ear » hear . ) And \ * o a ttach their signatures . u * f would '•» * ve to sacrifice their .. ( Hear . ) He was . indebted to the hon . .. aoer for Montrose ( Mr . Hume / ° . haying , several years ago , exposed in the house the , 'ntimidation and oppression which was practised by tin . ' master iaauu . facturers towards their men in the nor . ' « of Scotland . He ( Mr . Hume ) had stated to the boo , w that there - existed a regular system in the north . 'Of Scotland , by which any man who threw up his- e . mployment
l was prevented from obtaining employment elsewhen from the master manufactarers—keeping , a registei -f such men , and communicating their mwn es to the h- --iniifacturers in the neighbourfiood . ' The hon , j otnor m . Monttoae iad said that tliafc was ju 'J member for ' -. . 'flat combination had at l w beer 1 ? . . combination . "ulacturing dtstriefaoi YorJc . i"trofluced into thema .. * ^ ropeatedi , th . at 110 Sin Lanca s'iire ; ana - * Ml ™ Anti- Corn ferastorfcaK ^* . "" * S
. 1 ( « debat ^ aproo / K ^ ^ nrderrcd to in the even by tj * j ™ ^ ZV ^ t ^ ^ " ^ » iauwjS * 5 c £ s
and then- palmed UP 0 nth Were "" wu&ctnwS opinions of tho workiZ ^ v , COU " - » thl f ^ slili ^ S ' gs ^ Sfss ^ 'S ^ S = ( Mr ;• Fcrrand ' Sffa tS'JS * $ ^ ^ g think it was-so , for ithlfj ^ i ^ ^ n tho League ,, Hi wpuditeH t + 1 kea ¥ a ™ * ty had enuoavouped S 11 ?^^ that he «* . Sf ^ JKSfflftfft «• Peculiar ¦ « £ a" « l tkei » men . & (^ if ^ tte mastow chaijrC > . a » d every * tit » L »* Wrnm ^ deni ( J ^ « hw "MWlbw . It was tJu 0 tlSfl T h ? that hun SMf 5 ,. aB ( ibrou ght « ndS ^ ^ d ex P «« l to public wueltifi * » ..- ! ° __ . « n < tt » -tae notice of the K ^ TiT .
: PWB ^ b 7 thB wSh WWo ? had kwfofwiw ;««> : l >«? £ £ f * " » n « f «« urer 8 JaWh ' flMKB S * p « r ^ S * » sd
Sheffioh aware that wlmn ) , « Mi i 10 " 1 "wmbor for i « the West ^ rf ^ o ^ ^ r ?^ - » every member of the Anti S ^ ' r H a chall ensed was a member of £ house to L ^ A- ^ mm&m them to accept it and ^ onear nf «^ ° U / e' ? dare «" » Tf ££ i 7 ^ B ^« 4 ^ fi&V ^ VS SftB frsagSfW ' ^ A ^ jtSittissaSiftaP ^ a tanKdou protet ™ p , iu « i ptol » . ^ JJ « . *
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present debate , avowed their intention to vo-. e contrary to their recorded pledges on the hustings . Among tho » e who came in for a jhare of the castiga « tion administered by the honourable member , ' were Mr . Beckett , Mr . Eacott , Mr .. Cripps , Mr . Sidney Herbert , and others . We must , however , make room for a specimen of the manner in which it was administered . Having in each case asserted that the personal honour of the members named was at stake , he continued : —He ( Mr . Ferrand ) had heard the right hon . baronet , the member for Stamford . Sir G . Clerk , argue last night the great brass case with considerable ability on behalf of the right hon . gentleman , the
First Lord of the Treasury , but he had failed in impressing the house with the truth of . his arguments . But he would suggest that whilst the right hon . baronet was attacking the Protectionist * , he knew all the while that amongst the other contents of his official red-box that lay upon the 4 able , there was an address from his constituents calling upon him to resign Uia iseat for having deserted his principles . ( Hear ) He ( Mr Ferrand ) had looked the right hon . bart . in the iface ' wbilsthe wasspeaking , ami he thought—no , lie would no * say what he thought- ( a laugh ) -but he iwaq-ima- 'ininf ? what his ( Sir George GleiKs ) c » nsti-\ ££ 1 £ K- think of him . * A faugh . ) Mr . Fer-Graham
rand ' s-iwat onslaught was upon Sir James . I am eM to-see the right hon . burt . the Secretary ot ., State for the Home Department , in his place . He , too , went before his constituent * when he accepted office , and how stands iw pledged to the electom of Dorchester 1 Itell him , too , that his personal honour ; is atrstetor , ( JLouddieerefrom thfrFfcotectioabenchss . ) Heraay d » pose c * hisehangesof opinion by one fling of hi 9 arm ; but lie will not dispose . of hisconstituenta in that manner . piear , hear . ) ile is bound to re- . deeai- his- pledges on toe hustings ; and if ? his political opinions haws changed , ! tell him tbafche is-bound as a- , man-of honouEtoresign h » place into tlieir hands on « e
mora ,, in ordter to eraabletlvem to be-freely and honotarably represented . H have read th « speech . wMcli the righd hon . baronot delivered to his- constituent on that sccasion , and waa delighted with , its talent and ability ; . and 5 think the best thing the Protectionist * could db < -mraldt be to- print it in a cheap fcnn tean 6 V circulate it throuylt the country , as-the Hint Lord of the Treasury used to do > with his speeches when in opposition-to the Whigs . ( Laughter . )/ Iwasthun one of the- rank and file of the Conservative ; party , and luaedito-ieooive liwge package * of Sir R . ]? eel '» speeches on fthe Cont Laws , which were soldi at on » penny each . ( Laughter . ) Who s « at them to me I
never round out , butt 1 suspect that the right hon . baronet had * heard that I was a warm and earnest supporter of las prifteiples , iind therefore fo-voured me with , packages- o § Ms speech © , oiirriago . paid ^ whic& Ii circulated , among the people in my i eighbourhood ( . and I rejoiee to say they made many proaelytesj . and were the chief cause oil the retuaa . of Mr . Stuart Wortleyas-aPsotectionist . ( ileur . ) , JtfuDtc return ; to the sight hon . baronet , the Secretary of-State-for the Borne-Department ; he said ,. " A- friend of mine said ,. and . wlwtabuut the Cbm , Law *? . Icon-• ieive- tiie tr , u& urlnciple to be , thai a- protettive duty should be substituted for absolute prohibition . ; , and I
think that , a » a > genml rule , it should be tlw smallest amount whiob on a careful revision , would , be found to give-to native industry fair play in . its competition with foreignaimntries , thecircumstancosattenduij ; ourrelation lo-tiwiseeountries beisg duly cwisiuertd . " Then : he went on . t » quote what poor Lord Mai- i bnuanesaid on the Corn Laws . "What did Lord Melbourne say in the House of lords wheatbe prt- < posal to alter the- Corn Laws , was mooted in that house ? ' He declared that it would bo-absolute madne » in . any oaeta-make such a groposjtion . " Tae , right-hon . bauonet then proceeded , to say— " I ne \ er j have and never will shrink from public opinion . "
Then ,, why don't he go dowa to his constituents ? ] ( Chaers . ) I am delighted to see the-noble lord J ( Lordi J . Russell ) in his jJaee . The right hon . i baronet thus spoke of the noble lord and his party : — "The late government is fallen to rise no more . The questioa now at issue is . this—shall the Conse vative or Democratic principle prevail J Shall Messr . ? Roebuck Warburton O'Connell , aad Bowring sway the destinies of this great empire , or shall Sir K . I ' eel continue Prime Minister ? . " ( Laughter . ) Let i me ask the first Lord of the Treasury who have been his supporters of late ? ( Loud cheers . ) Where baa
been toe " democratic Roebuck ? " Where has ' been , the . "democratic Warburton ? " Where has been the " democratic O'Connell , " who was only a short tim » ago » " convicted conspirator !** ( Applause . ) The right hon . baronet continued his address to his constituents as follows : — " My opinion is , that a further prevalence of the domocratic principle would prove most destructive to the institutions and great interest * of the country . Should that unfortunate day ever dawn upon the political horizon when the principles of democracy will be . paramount , degraded indeed will be our fate , —
The day when thou , imperial Troy ! must bend , And sec thy warriors fall , thy glories end . But I will add—May I be cold before that dreadful day , Pressed with a load of monumental clay . " ( The mock-heroic tono in which the hon . read this extract threw the house into convi laughter . ) After this poetical fervour hon . baronet concluded his spec * only remains for you to de « ' to the House of
Co-( The right hon . h vehement - . v ^ ' v As no- ^ ; A * J % & Jf . . tronet Ivch ^ d lung- conwuucu ehoufa of m , other candidate Dreaented him « ip c ;_ \
^ m was pronounced duly elected , and was after ' wai chaireu through the town with the usual hoS » Sf then took up Sir R . Poel , and after quo Si llE t » inwo r th . ° ntinued : Lv , 12 right hon . baronet is pledged in the face of his con 8 tituents he pledged himaelf of hisown Id"SC to stand by his principles and the pledges Karo ro that OCRflNinn ' oi . rl T ™ 1 l «_ 1 .:... 6 . O -. . uu was occasion and call h ir
; I on m , not as Prime SRJ t fT T ' . 8 S On , *^ ofa great party , \ mt as an honest member of this house toMM fiu seat and go down to hhMSliSS fe ffleir approval or disapproval . ( Hear . ) I saW teijmiM be the last quotation ; but Aiyll ! Will allow me , as a make-weight , to throw in a remark of his hon . colleague Captiin A'Court ) whea he contested the borough of Tamworth . ( Laughter iliscoUeaguoaaid , "He was certain that the pr ^ sl penty of Tamworth depended mainl y on the iffc * Penty tfifa agriouUiirHsr and if thev Wfire np Pr ° s * gSSSSSis Itr h ? l - "W ' ™ « W «? io rS / tne SPsm m li [ w uie s , ara ? conuition as the ill-fed \ Oki ? ' d ? ? m' * I of Jhe «> ntinent . " Great S ^ , AL ^ S ^ i 0 cut bef 0 . re his constL . i
. T * a « : ^ "K "'" - ; , w « you pointing to the N i reasury ^« nch ) look these hon . gen tlemen- ! ^ noHrabfe ^ the ' courtesy of this , house and . ' w ishfe by A . r * cter in their political princihou ^ you j " ? : ' 'era in the face at this preples—b . % a ni , and * - *« u are conducting yoursent mom . " 0 1 ( 1 * 10 ** 1 , ' y . ( Lo cries of selves with * VIYP ^ Oflt . rebound tore-accept " Hear . " ) Do nc i " ^ " ^ ''shouse . ( Hear , offiee , and carry those . ^" K * i » i tu t 0 ^ so J but hear . ) I tell yoU j vou \ VCi « not to ' 'to to carry o th f > m <> B ? "tyoufoundyo : ' ^/ r « ll 8 | Ujt ' ^ > «¦ i ^ imt ^ v ' your conduct . ( Cheers ) g BS n r " ^ , roval of itei ^ s ^ cS ^ tSi ^ 1
ya ^ ftS ! is ^ id i& ^^^ agricultural int rest STmKTr ^ SWrific (! thft » tothe injuriouV effects rfff ° h ' statei"ents i adduced the authority SA ° tactory svstei "» he ft Robert Peel , Mr R n « tat ements of the late Sir S K « 7 , Dr . Shaw and others F' Dr Shut tleworth I of the nature ofthbwL genei ' al « P «> oimea ft i > om Dr . Cooke fir T ? ° liy > We 8 ive « n extract P ^ anufhcturing poS ^ ^ uff '^^ ^ « fK fc many forms ; I liay e b . " Ck x seen '" "cry ia g Ireland , when my native hi ° huts - ? nd hovels of ^ courge of the cholera- Th wa . visited with th * L-verpool , where eS , l ? . eviS 1 ^ *» cellar , of
» wa » es to be human- I iT umes an M P ect tuab wvnds and venaE " of PI , ^ P ° t » ted into E 8 try to the utmoft « JT 8 ? M ^ that would j Urongest of Sacft . jj « «* hearts and Z » ^ m ^ Z ^^ T ^^ * -w 3 ? ot > wretchedness was tlS aJT th , *«***** £ PiXfc ^ r &rsaaa ,
\ "jmolation of the nobJJind «??« , the 8 ra « ual ation that ever existed i ntha ' f valuaWe Plunder heaven . " Yes I 1 « ^ untr y . or any other factory system , in order thai / , OTB ra " rJemf by the Are we to be told , that witl- « . few miiy . S ricli - Pulation in such a M » W ' , the ma ««* acturing po . agricultural party in w T state M this > we—the hand over the a"ricult . ' XS ,, h 0 U 8 e-are to consent to up to us and to V ur 8 l Jabourer 8 , who hay e looked eour and suoaort * neestm to centum fw su ? ^ fromthoPwScr - ' f your ten i « f ta « WMHd » eew u
¦ language . « f I > , \ 5 « oli « s ) -an < JaHow them ,, ija . the that a fate cot' ' , vwle Taylor , to he immoJated . Mr . fwf « nd iL ? W 3 fflw get rich ? ( fo nd cheers . ) Howe S « f .-- - . <> n wntrad ' iu ^ Iho statemen t of the tho > - '' . otary aa to the dimin' ' tion of crime , on FiSSaSSSW ^ SM ; WakeKeld was nevS' Z \^ % ^ RidinS Gaoi & < moment . The hon mLV of P"so « ew as at this ^ «« rf mach ne ? y' ZTll !^ ^ P » jk •* ' and ^ e opinions prevalent ' ^^ k
Jmpenal Flarliainaiti
Jmpenal flarliainaiti
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February 28 , 1846 , THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 28, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1356/page/7/
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