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THE JNOKTHERJNI STAil SATUUDAY , MA11CH 7, 1810.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ iiiOM AS COOPS& . TH 3 CHASTIST'S WOSKS . THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES . A Prison Rhyme . In Ten Books . ( One Vol ., 7 s . 6 . 1 ) ' The most wonderful effort of intellectual power proinced within the last century . "— ' flit Britannia . « Hero vre ha » e a genuine poem springing out of the spirit of the times , and indeed out of the heart , and ex . etieuce of on j who has wrestled with aud suffered in it . 'It is no other than a poem in ten books , toy a Chartist , ad who boldly sets his name and his profession of Chartism on the titte-pags . It ii plain that he glories in hU political faith more than in his poetry ; g ^ -, his verse is but the vehicle of that faith . Yet , neTertheles * , " it is VJsiOMASCOOPS& . TH 3 CHARTIST'S WflSKS .
a Vigorous and most efficient Tebicle . Vt mast cordially oafess that we havs read the whole with a feeling of unfrigned astonishment . * * We are by no means surprised , having read his poetry , at the effect of his eloquence on the people . It is that of » soul full of thought , full of burning zeal for liberty , and with a temperament ¦ hat must and will come into action . The man is all ) ne and sinew . * * He appears to have revelled . history , ancient and modern . His acquirements in his department are quite amazing . * * * If he Readily hold on in single-heartedness , there can be no . uestion that he has before him not only a certain and igh reputation , hut what is of far more consequence , ay become a real benefactor to his follow countrymen tne million in their pursuit of sound knowledge and und Hbertv . "—Eclectic Review .
' ' We hail the writer as a new power in the world of try , the ruler of a new domain , as yet but little wn , but which the pubEe cannot fail to recognise , i its Idngs of thought shall put on their Mugiug < . and with fresh voice and soul speak its praises to « -worli . "—Sentinel . " The book possesses mind—raind which make itself It aud understood , and which , therefore , demands re-Met . —Afhaunuit . " Pure , religious , patriotic , he has not a line inimical to the great law of progression . Men may read him as a preacher poet . His lay is for all time . It will make the heart of the hopeful glow with a holy Sre when he who penned it has pas 3 ed from among men . As man strengthens in knowledge and love—as passion or prejudice expire—as reasoH gains and retains her mastery —will this high-soaled man ' s work he increasingly reverenced and read . "— General Adeertiser .
" Well conceived—wrought out with no ordinary ainou ' . it of power—clearly and concisely expressed . "lUu-Hiinated Magazine . " One of the most extraordinary literary productions of the day—we may say of the present age—a work wtri&i will gain for its author a reputation as lastin < r .- ' « -- not as great , as that of Byron , Spenser , and Mjiton . "—Kentish Independent , " Intensity , passion , is ~ mg great characteristic ; and Bus will constitute tt ., e main source of his influence , and , unless we are TKScti mistaken , will render the' Purgatory of Suici { J » as popular in the political , as Pollock ' s ' Conrs ^ of Time' in the religions , world . —Xotilngliam
" uf : e of the noblest creations of modern times , deeply "Bprejgnated with power and beauty , and glowing in ever ? r Page ^ ith the illuminings of searching and passionate thought . He wields aaintellectof mighty power . w shall not halt in asserting that in the catalogue of Er , gjan , ys greatest bards -nmst hereafter be inscribed the n : ime of Thojcas Coopk . "—Sheffield Iris . ' " One of those rare works which appear at but distant ntcrrals of time . It proclaims the author to be gifted with the spirit of poetry in the highest degree . "—Leicester shire Mercury . -Tke whole work is one which must impress the reefer with the conviction that Cooper , the Chartist , is a man of lofty genius , and must and will ba remembered with his land's language . " — Boston Herald .
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To be ready next Monday , Price Is ., TWO ORATIONS , A GAINST TAKIKG AWAY HUMAN LIFE , under ii . any Circumstances ; aud in explanation and defence of the misrepresented doctrine of " Sou-Resistance . " ( Delivered in the Jfational Ilall , Ilolborn , on the evenings of February 25 lh and Marcu 4 th . ) By Thomas Coopee , the Ciubtist , ( Author of the " Purgatory of Suicides , " « fcc . )—Chapman , Brothers . 121 , Sewgatc-str * et .
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COALS . PROVIDE FOlfVTIXTER . ¦ pROVIDEXT FAMILIES , subscribing Is . per mck to -L the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can or : ain four half tons annually , without further charge , fit « S , &C . The Con-. jiany ' s price current is , Befit Screened Wallser . d , 25 s . per full ton ; Sccunds , 21 s ., 32 s ., and 23 s ; Coke , 17 . 5 . Cd . Ofike , 273 , High Holborn .
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U A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . BSDELL AXD CO ., Tailors , are now making up a complete Suit of Superfine Black , any size , for S 3 ; Superfine West of England Black , £ 3 10 s . ; and the very best Superfine Saxony , £ 5 , warranted not to spot or change colour . JuveuUe Superfine Cloth Suite , 24 s . ; Liveries equall y cheap—at the Great Western Emporium , Ao » . 1 and 2 , Oxford-street . London ; the noted house for go » d blackcloths , aud patent made trousers . Gentlemen can choose the colour-and quality of cloth from the largest « tork in London . Tim art of cutting taught .
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BOND ' S PERMANENT MARKING INK . THE ORIGINAL , WITHOUT PREPARATION . For writing Initials , Names , or Cipher * , upon Linen , iic , for the purpoBeof Identity . rPHIS Composition unites every requisite , amd is ad-X mitted to be the only article similarly uswl , the mark of which does not run in the wash , and which has given satisfaction to every purchaser , it being universally preferred forits fixity and neatness of impression . Prepared b y the Inventor , John Bond , chemist , 2 S , Long-lane , West SmithtSeld , and sold by most stationers , tie . Pries Is . per bottle .
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O 0 LOSSEUM .-NOTICE .-PRICE OF ADMISSION DURING TUE HOLIDAYS !! Day Exhibition 2 s . " Evening Do ,, 2 s . Cd . ' Children wider Twelve Is . Stalactite Caverns Is . extra . ryU 2 DAY EXHIBITION consists of the Museum of X Sculpture , Grand Picture of London , Alhambift Conservatories , Gorgeous GetMc Aviary , Classic 1 £ i >> : iS , Swiss Cottage and Mont Blanc , v > i ; h Mounts ; -: Til-rent , * c . ic . Open iroin Ttn till Fuur o'Clouk . EVEXISG . —The new and extraordinary Panorama of EAaoo * bv Night , Museum of Sculpture , Conservhtoiic * , and Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , &c , brilliantly illuminated ; Swiss Cottage , Mont Blanc , and Mountain Torrent repre-» eated by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a Quartcrpaet Ten o'clock .
A cbasp Obchestba Organ , en whioh the most ad . ' mired Oybstgbes , &c , are played , from Two to Four aad from Eight till Half-past Ten o'Clock . The whole projected aud designed b j Mr . Wiliiani " > k mil .
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ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . LESSEE , MB . JOHN DODdLASS . F IRST Night of a new drama , entitled the "Heads , man ; or , the Gate of Terror . " First Night tiese two years of Mr . M . Howard . On Monday , and during the week , to commence with the " Headsman , " supported by-the best company in London . T * be followed liytliu farce of " Drawn for the Militia , " in which Mr . T . Lee will perform . To conclude , on Monday and Friday , with . the " Reever's Ransom . " Jock Munj Mr . Neville . On Tuesday , Wednesday . Thursday , and Saturday , tl > e " Minute Gun at Sea . " Tom Tough , Mr . John Douglass , who will introduce a new Flag Hornpipe , Rajner ,-Harrington , &c . ; Mesdaines Campbell , Neville , 4 c . Messrs . Abel and llayner , with their Wonderful Dogs , will appear on Monday next . Stage Manager , Mr . Neville . Boxes . 2 a . ; Pit , Is . ; Gallery , 6 d .
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REDUCTION OF PRICES . THE Trials of the Fifty-nine CHARTISTS , published in Eight Parts , at Sevenpence each , now offered in complete sets , at One Shilling per set . The same done up in cloth , with portrait , title , &c , Two Shillings per copy . Portraits , which from time to time have been presented with the Sortitem Star , and latteriy sold at One Shilling each , now offered at Threepence each : —ltichard Oastler , Robert Emuiett , John Frost , John Collins , P . M . Mc'Douall , the Rev . J . R . Stephens . View of Monmouth Court House during the Trial of Frost , Williams , and Jones . The First Convention . Letters of F . O'Connor , Esq ., to Daniel O'Connell , Esq . Published at One Sltillwg e . ich , offered at Fuuruence . Price Fourpence , The Employer and Employed . By F . O'Connor , Esq .
A few copies only ot the iatter remain on liuud , and , considering the very jow price at which it was published , it is not likely to be reprinted . Those who wish to possess it had better make application to his bookseller or news-agent early , to prevent being disappointed . A . HBYWOOD having purchased tliu whole of the above stock from Mr . O'Connor , is anxious to clear them off as goon as possible ; aud to enable him to do so , offers them at the very low prices enumerated above . Agents liberally treated with . The above may be had ou application to any of the agents of the Star , or upon order through auy bookselkv in the country .
Booksellers in the country are requested to refer their London agent to apply for them to Mr . T . Watson , Patuiuoster-row ; or to Mr . J . Cleave , Shoe-tune , Fleet-street ; through whom they will be supplied . Abel Hevwoud . 5 > 8 , Oldham-street , Manchester .
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FARMING . Just published , a new Edition , neatly done up in cloth , price 2 s . 6 d ., on TnE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FARMS . Bj F . O'Connor , Esq . JUuchestti-: Abt-1 Hoywood , 5 S . Oldham-street . London : J . Watson , St . Paul's-allay , Paternostrr-row ; ami J . Cleave , Shoe-lane . And may be hail of all booksellers and agents throughout the country .
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EDUCATION . This day is published , demy l- ' mo ., cloth , price Eighteenpence , THE NEW ETYMOLOGICAL EXPOSITOR , or Pronouncing Spelling Book ; containing a selection of Words commonly used by the best writers , with their pronunciation , derivation , « fcc . 15 j William Bill . Much cave and labour lias been bestowed upon the above work , so as to make it the tery best of Us kind . Also , by the same Author , price Is ., the Rational School Grammar . Also , price Is ., the Companion to the Ratienil School Grammar . Abel Heyvrood , 5 S , OMliain . strei't , Manchester ; Loudon , J . Watson , Pateruoster-row ; J . Cleave , Shoe-lune , Fleet-street ; and all booksellers .
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Shortly will be published , by the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association , Tart I . of THE POLITICAL WORKS OF THOMAS PAIXE ! to be regularly continued until completed . This edition of the works of Paine has the merit , of being the cheapest and neatest ever offered to the public . It will consist of fifteen numbers at twopence each , or five parts , stitched in wrapper , at sixpence each ; and will be embellished with a beautiful vignette of the author , engraved exclusively for this work . U . B . Orders executed by T . M . Wheeler , General Secretary ; and by the various Sub-secretaries throughout the country .
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Roial Polytechnic Institution . —\ V « would cull the attention of railway companies , engineers , Ac , to a very beautiful contrivance , which is now exhibiting at the above most useful establishment , aud fur which a patent has been grunted to a Mr . Coleinun , of America . Tins model is for the purpose of proving that locomotives can be so constructed us to ascend and descend inclined plains ou railways ; thus completely dispensing with deep cutting ! :, and that , too , without the aid of a stationary eugine , or any of the contriv : \ nc « 3 at present resorted to . Tkus a considerable saving in outlay is effected , nmountini ; , in tome instances , to £ 150 , 000 per mile . Tlio arrangement consists merely ofa number of horizontal rollers being placed between the rails up the gradient ; an Archemedian scrtw is placed underneath , and travels with the locomotive ; when running upon a level plain
the screw is at rest , and the power of the engine is exerted , as in ordinary cases , merely by the adhesion of the driving-wheels to the rails ; but the moment it arrives at ihe foot of the gradient the driving-wheels are lifted off the rsils . and the whole power of the steam is excrtad upon the screw , the thread of which is mads to pass between the rollers , thus enabling the engine to ascend a . ny gradient , no matter how steep- The model is made on a large scale , the rails being about seventy feet long , and takes the form of an irregular curved arch , some parts of which consist of gradients rising one in ten , or 800 feet per mile . Yet with this fearful inclination , the little locomotive ascends aud descends , drawing one or two passengers , with apparent ease . The arrangements certainly uo great credit to the inventor , aud wo trust that he will meet with such reward as the invention bids fair
to ensure . SurrosED Mukder . —The quiet village of Coniscliffv , in a retired part of tlio county of Durham , was thrown into a state of considerable alarm a few days ago , by a person having been found in the parisb , supposed to have been robbed , and nearly dead from Wows he had received on the head aud face , apparently inflicted with some heavy weapon . On -learcliiug him , however , no property was missing , and after being warmed he rallied a good deal , and intimated , in reply to questions put to him , that his
came wa * Lawson ; that he had been at Staintlrop , collecting some bills for a gentleman at Darlington , anu that on his road home on the preceding night , near a place called Almnaly , a man rushed out of the hedge and knocked him down . Ills senses then lift him , and , when he spoke next , he said lie thought there were three men camo to him , but nothing c .. uld !> e got from him in any shape likely to lead to the apprehension of the perpetrators of the crime . Meilical assistance was procured as soon as possible , hut it was of no avail , and he died hi ttie course of a few hours afterwards .
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Fhobt , Williams , aND jON | , 8 | t j 8 h ut justice tu the Executive to state that they have waited upon many members of Parliament with reference to the liberation of Frost , Williams , and Jones , and that tlio promise of support has surpassed their most sanguine expectation . Lord John Russell even , although refusing his vote , says that it is only upon tke ground that he thinks it a question for Government , and not for the House of Commons . The debate will assuredly come on next Tuesday ; and , therefore , the readers of the Slur may expect a full report , with a list of the division , in next week ' s Star . I ...... lu .... . £ K » 8 T > " ^ "AMS , and JoNKs . —It is but justice tu
Exirai RJbstoiutiok Coumiitbe . —All Trades'bodies and individuals holding petitions for tho release of Frost , Williams , and Jones , are requested to forward them to their destinations by Monday next , as Mr . Duncombe brings forward hia motion on Tuesday , the 10 th inst .-T . M . Wjibmkb , Sec . The Exkcutivk and the Convention . —• We are authorised- to state , that while the Executive heartily concurs in the propriety of the proposed
Convention , that , nevertheless , they felt themselves bound , according to the laws of the society , t 9 give notice of tho annual Convention . We state this , lest it may be supposed that the one may render the other unnecessary ; in fact , if the Executive was bound to call a Convention on the loth of April , and if circumstances made it nucussary to call a Convention on the 12 th , which they have the power to do , it would bis their duly to do so .
As letters are constantly addressed to our office for Mr . Ardill , and Mr . Hobson , we beg to state that neither of those gentlemen reside in London . Mr . Ilobsou ' a address is , 3 , Market-place , Huddersfield . Mr . Ardill ' s is , Burleigh-cresccnt , near- Leeds . Mr . Hat ? " v informs us , that he is put to much trouMa in consequence of orders for the paper being inclosed in those for the editor , and requests ¦ ' that the practice may be discontinued . Mr . Harney has quite enough to do in his own department without being troubled with the business ot the paper . We have also to request that those persons sending orders for tho Star , will be good enough to send them distinct , and not mixed with tho Land money .
The Jnoktherjni Stail Satuuday , Ma11ch 7, 1810.
THE JNOKTHERJNI STAil SATUUDAY , MA 11 CH 7 , 1810 .
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COMMERCE . THE STAPLE OFTHE COUNTRY . C 0 SIPA 11 AT 1 VE CONDITION OF NATURAL AND AKTIFCIAL LABOURERS . The sophist will argue against logic , against reason , and against facts , substituting parables ] and hypotheses for premises , and whimsical conclusions ; for legitimate deductions . Hence , we find that religious controversies between two sects , separated by the most slender ties , always give rise to the most angry discussion , because they are not susceptible of logical , or even reasonable proof . Upon the very same principle , the battle of free trade . has been invariably fought . Facts have been assumed , and conclusions have been jumped at , without other
argument than " you ' re a Tory , " " you ' re a monopolist , " " ' re a spy ; " "What ! would you starve the people ? " "The meeting isours , called to adopt conclusions , not to arrive at them by discussion . " And , perhaps , one of the most violent assumptions arrived at by this one-sided mode of . controversy is , the false impression created by the League lecturers as to the superior condition of tho manufacturing operative compared with the agricultural serf . It is well , he wevor that if competitive commerce denies to the artificial slave the power of calculating for himself , that there are yet some who are ready , will , ing , and able to supply the want .
It is not Ions since the operatives of this country became acquainted with the use of ligures , and begun to use them as a means of calculating profit and loss ; and as they are now partially instructed in the science of arithmetic , we shall proceed to give a full , complete , and irrefutable answer to the assumption that operatives are better off than agricultural labourers , and we shall dispel the fallacy that they are better paid . In all the transactions of life , whether it be in tenure , in insurance , or in purchasing annuities , the whole of life , with all its collateral
contingencies , is taken into niiuute calculation ; and as we see no reason why the poor should be denied a practice which regulates the transactions of the rich , we shall take the whole of life of our respective clients into our calculation , and we shall thereby be enabled to show the immeasurable , the incalculable advantages that the slow-plodding agricultural labourer , employed at even and healthy occupation , has over the goaded operative , ridden with the spur of machinery and the lash of capital , in his BLOODRUN through life .
• We shall , firstly , proceed with an analysis so simple that all who run may read , and with that view shall here state the respective cases of our respective clients . Our brief is an extract from a public paper , and stands thus : — Populae Health . —The mean term of life stands respgetively thus : — "Tlie highest is tlio south-wi-stuni ceunties in the following order ;— Sussex , aa ; Hunts , S 3 ttorset , 0 D ; Devon , 56 ; Cornwall , 55 ; the decrement in ' the last case in caused by the shorter lives of the miners . Ths county of Lancaster has a mean of 36—the lowest countt . Jtfunism life in Devon h , on tho average , therelore , 20 years longer than in Lancashire . "
We shall commence with the life of a manufacturing operative ; aud allowing him from the age of lo to 36 , the mean © V life , to have earned at the rate of loa . a-weck during the whole period , without strike , dismissal , or deduction , we find that ho will have earned in that time— £ a d "Was 65 810 0 0 Diduct for I'Xtrsi rent of house over agricultural labourer , Is . per week si lo (
Sett wages jE 7 M 8 0 ft iGIUCULTl'KiL r . AUOfltEE . wgnBigMuaa From 10 to 13 at 5 s . par week 52 0 0 " 15 " 18 " 7 s . " 54 12 0 « 18 " DG" 103 . " < jS 8 o „ Additional \ vage 3 for 10 weeks , during hay time and harvest , IDs . per week ... 190 0 0 £ 1281 12 0 Deduct operative's wages during working lifo 7 U 1 8 o Balance in favourof agriculluralliihourer ... £ 520 i 0
Now , we will divide the working life of the operative , twenty-one years , into the £ 520 , and we find that it will leave within a fraction of £ 25 a year , or nearly 10 s . a week ; thereby showing that , to be upon an equality with thu agricultural labourer , the operative riuwkl ham had £ 1 5 s . per week for his working life . Now , that is taking the most advantageous view for the factory operative . It is allowing him to work uninterruptedly for twonty-onn yca , l without a single bating , fine , dismissal , or deduction of any sort . We have set a figure for the manufacturing
operative wliigh his class cannot realise ; wo have set a figure for the agricultural labourer much below what his class can realise . This is the mere arithmetical view of the question , and must stand as an answer to the general principle . If the Dorsetshire serf is paraded , we go to the 800 , 000 handloom weavers , ¦ with 2 s . OJd . per week . Nay , we go to the best paid hands for the average . If thu wages of overseers are taken into the calculation , we resort to stewards , bailiffs , head gardeners , first coachmen , house stewards , butlers , footmen , cooks , aye , down to the meanest scullion in Devonshire , aud wo prove our case thuB : —
Lancashire has a population of l , GG 7 , 0 M , and has £ 1 , 1180 , 143 deposited in its several savings' banks . Devonshire h » s a populationn of 033 , 731 , and has £ l , 4 » 2 , 072 deposited in its several savings' bank « . Tiiere are liu ; 102 depositors in Lancashire , with its immense population ; and W , 8 fiC depositors in Devonshire , with its scanty population . So that ubout 1 in 10 ^ in Devonshire is a depositor while in Lancashire it is about 1 in ' . ' u } . ' The population of Lancashire is 1 , 133 , 383 more than Devonshire , while the deposits of Lancashire only exceed those ot'Devonshire by £ dS 8 , 071 . Wo now take the far-famed Dorsetshire . Dorsetshire has a population of 174 , 743 , and has 11 470 depositors , aud £ 41 «' , U 2 S deposited ; ox © train , fifteen ' is si deposiior . Dorsetshire has leas than one-nintk of the populal ionof Lnnrashire , so that Lancashire , with her tall
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preud chimneys , and iier rowing trade and high wages , to be e < iual in wealth with tho craclc County for tho League , should have deposited £ 3 , 713 , 652 , Now , who will undertake to answer these arithmeiical facts . Shall m be told that the depositors in Dorsetshire are servants and gamekeepers ; if so , we answer , give us servants and gamekeepers in preference to starved operatives and beggarly shopkeepers . But wo will not allow the fallacy to exist . If servants and gamekeepers do constitute a large portion of depositors in Dorsetshire , shopkeepers , overseers , servants and small masters constitute a largo majority of the depositors in Lancashire . preud chimneys , and iier t omns tradn and lnVh
We have now stated the cases of our respective clients , and we ask them whether they see just cause for amalgamating into the thirt y-six years standard of lifo , with all the boasted advantage paraded in its behalf ? We now enter upon the oonsideration of man ' s feelings , man ' s hope , man ' s selfrespect , man ' * inducement to action . Wo prefer the village church to the manufacturing pot-house ; we prefer the village parson , with all the prejudio ' eB of his education , to the ignorant upstart steam-lord
i we prefer the wholesome provisions of the agrloul-! tural labourer to the pawed refuse purchased by the j operative slave . And be it remembered , that we havo I made no calculation of the spot of ground , even & 1-! though it were but six perches , occupied by the mni jority of the agricultural labourers , wUil * the DiailM . factoring operative soldom sees a green field . But these arc niero calculations of comparative luxuries ; we come to health , to mind , to moral influences , to old ago and its feelings . Which is the most healthy—let those who hare seen tho hay field and the corn field
at-sun-Bet , and tkoao who have teen the baok slums of manufacturing towns , with thoir squalid emaciated figures , tottering their way to the loathsome home by expiring gas-light , answer the question . Which is most easy—tiiat work which ia regulated by man ' s capability of endurance , or that in which hundreds and thousands , of different strength and different temperament , are lashed to equal time and spurred to quickstep pace ? Which has the most moral influence over hia growing family—the man who sees them every night , and from morning till night , or the man who never sees them but on
Sunday , and seldom then ? The man to whom his children look up , as an . example , a monitor , and a guide , or the man whose jurisdiction is thrown off when youth is able to earn for itself ? But in old age—if life is liberty , and if liberty is but the fullett enjoyment of life—which is younger , and still most able to work—the Devonshire labourer at fifty-six or the Lancashire operative at thirty-six ? But suppose that both take leave of active life at those respective periods , who is most capable of enjoying the residue of his term—the healthy countryman , or the chronic , nervous , broken-down , used-up
slave ? The same comparison holds that exists between the sleek , fat , plough-horse at twenty , who has drudged through lite at slow pace , and the " sweated , physicked , excited race-horse , who has done his work at six years old , in his BLOOD-run through life-Again , look at the danger to which the men are respectively exposed ; and who will say that the life of the agricultural labourer is not in every way preferable to that of tho artificial slave . We have made no allowance for the extra value of agricultural youth , from ten to eighteen years of age , when they are for the most pavt fed , and get extra wages , in hay-time and harvest . We have made no allowance for thu
job-work ; whereas , Cobbett has well observed , " that the father finds profit and relief in a sheaf that has been here and there cut out of his way by an infant . " In plashing and breasting hedges , in making faggots , in weeding , aye , even in threshing and in reaping , and in all work done by the job , the children from six years upwards can lend a helping and not unhealthy hand , In lead mines , and other dangerous service , men have increased pay in consequence of the danger of their occupation—the operative has none . The miners actually court the risks and dangers to which they are liable , because they prevent the competition of those who would otherwise "hit their
market . If a post-horse runs his stage , he has performed his day ' s work ; if the race-horse runs his race , he has porformed his ; if tho bargeman must work as hard to serve a tide as he would otherwise be compelled to work by the day , he would earn as much money by the job as for the day ' s work . This , then , is our case ; the manufacturing operatives run a dangerous " blood-run" through life ; their web is spun at tha age of thirty-six years , aad they are entitled to the same amount of wages up to that period that the man at healthier employment can earn during his working life . And in conclusion , we say to the League , if Dorsetshire has furnished you with claptrap arguments , and if you offer your system as a
substitute , how comes it that what you plunder from your labourers enables you to purchase the property of those you call tyrants ? How comes it that your slaves are " used up" at thirty-eight , while the slaves of Dorsetshire are vigorous at fifty-six ? How comes it that landlords ar 6 in debt , while you are looking to capricious speculation for tho investment of your profits upon labour ? How conies it that you are obliged to legislate to avert a famine which your own cupidity has produced ? We will answer . It is because , while land has been from time to time subdued to man ' s wants and national requirements , there is no law , but your cnprice , > regulate tho profits upon commerce—the new staple of tho country ; and , to correcfthc anomaly , we must commence with A TliN HOURS BILL .
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the gauntlet was thrown down , we invited the people to be ready for the contest . If Mr . Cobdm is allowed uninterrupted possession of the platform , and if he is able to marshal the non-elective influence in behalf of THE BILL , AND NOTHING BUT THE BILL ; if he is allowed to circumscribe tho national mind within tho narrow limits of party requirement ; if he is permitted to court the gazing eye of the gauntlet , was thrown Hnwri . u » Invita . l tho nnnnl «
the hungry by the parade of a large cheap loaf , without directing attention to the altered means of purchasing tho article ; if we permit him , in conjunction wiih the Whigs , to use the non-electiro influence as an instrument to transfer power from the already alarmed Protectionists to the alread y branded ¦\ Vhigs , we would , if we were silent , be justly chargeable witk all the horrors of another seven years ' crusade against labour .
The people , for want of union , for want of energy , for want of honest leaders , have ever been compelled to fight under false colours , to rally under adverse banners . Nor can we blame them . For want of something distinct , they were obliged to accept what appeared to be most threatening and offensive to their greatest opponents . Hence , we find that the battle of Reform was fought upon the demerits of offensive Toryism , rather than upon the merits of its antagonist , Whiggery . While we thank the people V Dotvsbury , the people of Derby , the people of Halifax , and of many other places , for their ready
acquiescence in , and determination to support , the policy o f calling together an incorruptible representation of the labour-classes during the threatened gtruggle , we feel ourselves bound to satisfy our Stockport friends , who do not object to the policy , but merely require further elucidation of the object . If our announcement of last week has failed to convince any portion of the Chartist bsdy of the necessity of the * step , we imagine that there is not one who has since read the threat of Mr . Cobdo , who will not give us credit for having anticipated the tactics of the League .
Wo now proceed to satisf y the inquiries of our Stockport friends , the very men whose suspicions should be first aroused by the declaration of THEIR OWN REPRESENTATIVE . > Ye will suppose , then , that the Government measure is so damaged in committee as to make it unpalatable to the Whigs and the League—to the League as a means of trade , and to the Whigs as a means of achieving power ; or that it should be thrown out by the Lords , ' or so damaged in committee by the Louis as to justify Sir Robert Peel in rejecting the adoption of his deformed child . And in any of those cases we will
suppose an energetic , an active , nay , a revolutionary appeal to the people ; we will suppose Messrs . Con » Es and Bright , with their staff of free trad . ; lecturers , and an unlimited use of League funds , traversing the country on behalf , not only of free trade principles , but of A FREE TRADE GOVERNMENT ; and suppose the Chartist bod y , left without head or front , without advice or council , without leaders or directing power ; can we come to
any other conclusion than that the disorganised , unfraternised multitude would attach themselves to the most vigorous agitation ; and then , when they had committed suicide , in the hour of reflection , aud when suffering martyrdom , would they not justly denounce , revile , and execrate their false and timid leaders , who had abandoned them in the hour of need , and left them an easy prey to tke wiles and machinations of interested , ARTFUL , AND
DESIGNING MEN ? What would be our own feelings in such a case ? What would be the feelings of the Executive ? What would be the feelkigs of the Manchester Council , and of the Chartist staff , whose indomitable perse ! verance and courage has kept the untarnished Chartist flag flying , in the face of persecution , in the worn of times ? What , we ask , would those pioneers and heroes say , if the apathy of their leaders compelled them to strike their colours at the bidding of their enemies ? Whether shall we ; pull down QetUr ' * hat , or worship it ? Whether shall we struggle EVEN TO THE DEATH , or preserve a miserable '
existence , measured by our own apathy and the "' caprico of our new tyrants ? Such would be pre . eisely our position were we to allow the League sole and uninterrupted possession of the field of agitation . Dow-combe recommended , and the people cheerfull y and unanimously adopted , the policy of keeping the Chartist body distinct , separate , and apart from all others ; railing under their own standard , struggling for their own principles , and fighting under their own leaders . For what was Chartism originated ? For what have Chartists suffered ? Why has the home become desolate ? Why docs the tear fall over the grave of a IIolbeiirt , a Ciaytox , a Duffy , and
a Shell ? Why does the longing mind pant for the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Joxes ? What is to become of oursongs , our mottoes , our hymns , our rhymes , and our apophthegms ? Are all to ' bo buried in one narrow , unhonoured gravo , and are we to di » that grave ourselves ? Are , they to be sacrificed to a faction against whose- tyranny they have so Ions ; struggled , and to destroy whose monopoly they were established ? The infant will lisp "No ! " the aged Teteran will falter "Never !"—he factory girl will sing her note offreedom , the clog of the factory boy will beat time to the song of liberty , but none will lisp SURRENDER , or even COMPROMISE , so long as their leaders are true to them .
Does the Charter mean free trade , and nothing more ; if so , abandon it , and range yourselves under tho bloody standard of Malthus and political economy . If so , study the art of infant killing , of pinching , of screwing , of starving , that others may fatten upon the land ' s disease ; but when the epidemic rages , then blame yourselves : but if your leaders desert you , or are even lukewarm , then blame them , and curse tho hour you honoured them with your confidence . Look on that picture , and on this . If Chartism means more than flee trade—i' ' Chartism means '' a fair day ' s ivages for a fair day ' s work "—if Chartism means " more pigs and less parsons" ~ ii Chartism-means " that us labour is the lource of wealth , labour should also be the tourceof
power "—it Chartism moans" the full development oj our national resources , and the EQUITABLE , not EQ . U <\ L , distribution of thorn resources "—H Chartism means" equality under the law , and equal protection for the life , the liberty , and the property , the poor and the rich "—it Chartism means " No Poor Laws , because no paupers— " no church that is not supported by those who worship at it ) altar "— ' m drones liviny upon the honey of the btea "—no taxation without representation "— " no punishment without crime" — it Chartism means that " all the stu ff ' e thewurldwur made fora ' e folk ofewurld , and that those who pnr duu ithave atitk to their shun ; " look on this picture If a struggle should come for political power between the Uvuled aristocracy and the aristocracy
of capital ; and if labour is the only spoil for which tho combatants can fight , whether labour silent , labour apathetic , and labour inactive , or labour energetic , argumentative , and active , have tho best chauco in the struggle ; and whether , if her cause would b » better developed and supported if left to the mercy of mere sectional agitation , or committed to the care of organised representation . Six hours would take the fiat of a Convention to Manchesterten to Newcastle—and thus every member and overv limb would receive strength , vitality , and suppleness from tho national heart ' s-blood , niado up of the several tributary stream , flowing from all parts ot
the land , with a press vieing to do us justice , from self-interest , but that would be silent upon , our sectional movement . The provincial press will not report us except through the London journals . Our meetings , without a controlling head , sitting in the metropolis , are derided as the feeble efforts of -VUT FULANDDESIGNLNG MEN . wWle amerescattor . l » g of free traders is magnified into national opinion . As to xho expense , if tho Charter is not worth that and more , and if tho people are not prepared to pay the amount , then give it up . If this is the ransom to save us from the horrors of a seven years' coalition Ministry , who would not give up a meal in two five shirts in six , or anything that he could spare , rather
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than encounter such a national disgrace , auch a political retreat , such a social malady . If Duncombe is to take the field , Duscoube must have his staff-a staff that will not desert him . Hia head will keep discussion within bounds ; his heart will prompt him to carry out the wise resolves of Labour ' s Parliament ; the country will rally round his standard ; and they shall have no government , when they break up the present , in which Labour shall not have a champion—no House of Common * in . which Labour shall not hare its representative . Cohdek has said , " We'll go back to the country ; •» we answer " We ' re there already , and we'll stay there . " Chartists of EngUnd , of Ireland , and o £ Scotland , the hour coraeth when Labour expects every man to do his duty . Hurrah ! then , for Duncombe , for Labour , and tha Convention , andn . __ ... T : :. - ; - • .. . ^
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WISE SAWS AND MODERN INSTANCES . ( Two Yols , 15 s . ) "A series of Crabbe-likc sketches , in prose . They are manifest portraits , and admonish us of the author's skill ia taking the literal likeness . "— -Athencmm . " We have read some of these stories irith deep interest , and few , we are persuaded , will rise from their perusal hut with feelings all the warmer for what they have read . Thev can scarcely fail to be popular with the masses ; * and , upon the whole , we think they deserve to be so . "—Atlas . " The author excuses the sternness of his pictures by aliening their truth . The justification is all-sufficient . Chartist as these sketches are , they are healthier , in t *> ne and sentiment , than the tawdry fictions vapnped up for the raidiug public by some popular writers , that profess to exhibit the life of the labouring classes . " —The Britannia ,
"Of a truth , this Chartist agitation has thrown to the snrface no moreremarkable a man than Tnox&s Coopeb , and we much question if thtra be any one se fitted to represent the manufacturing masses , to describe their wants , and expound ; their wishes , as he . —Kentish IndeftmSmt . " "Well written and interesting . The stories contain some true and painful pictures of the miserable condition of many of the poorest operatives , while others of them are of a . humorous description . They cannot fail to be popular with the thinking and reading portion of the working classes . " —Leicester Chronicle . "Many of the stories exhibit considerable vigour of pencil , shrewd sense , and clear-sighted observation , accompanied with a kindly , genial feeling and toleration , we were not prepared , for from so determined a politician . "— Glasgow Citizen .
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Also , just , published , THE BARON'S YULE FEAST . A Christmas Rhyme . In Four Cantos . ( One Vol ., 5 s . ) "There is a rough earnestness , both in its thoughts aa'l-terse , which is strictly in accordance with the genius of our ballad minstrelsy . If it does not show , in point of ability , an advance on the author ' s previous productions , it yet shows that he car . change his hand without loss of power , " —nieSritannia . " 3 Ir . Cooper appears to much greater advantage in this seasonable poem than hedi-iin his more ambitions attempt of " The Purgatory of Suicides . " "The Baron ' s Xu ! e Feast"has a genial spirit , various subjects , aud a popular animated style . The poem is the best of ilr . Cooper ' s produeSons . "—SfiecUitor .
" The most charming andfautastie feature in this little volume , with its right dainty title-page , is the exuberance , and , sooth to say , the ajipositeness of the different songs chaunted round the Ingle in Torksey Ilall . Thomas Cooper ' s heart seemsbrimming over with this spontaneous poetry . The book altogether is an original : it is just suited for the winter's fireside , over a posset and car *! s . " —Sun . "Let Cooper throw away his Chartist notions—and what has a post to do with rude questions of politics , of Charters , and political faiths , creeds , and the like ?—and he may take his place high up in the Temple of Fame , as one of England ' s greatest a : sd truest-hearted' poets . The man who can write such exquisite gems as this little volume alxiunds witu , mav , and he witt , carve out for himself a name as enduring as the language in which he pen ., the ' thoughts that breathe , and words that burn . ' Altogether , this is the best Christmas book we have yet seen . "Leicester ( loni ) Journal .
" We are happy to meet Mr . Cooper in this light department of poetical labour , and to find that his muse can for a while lay aside her sternness , aud , ceasing to brood o ' er human wrongs , can yield to the impulses of the season , and sympathise with the kindlier emotiuns of social festivity . The poem before us proves how much the earlier efforts of the author wcrtimbued with true poetic feeling The notes exhibit a learning that is surprising when the ¦ writer ' s history is tak ' . is into account . And yet this selfacquired learning is but one of the many singular features thai characterise the productions of this singularly gifted man , a poet of Nature ' s awn making , whose extraordinary g « i : us cannot fail , ere long , to exhibit still higher nuurifesiations of Us powers and versatility . "—Kentish Independent .
" A clever fellow is our Tnomas , the Chartist , full of rough common sense , and as much imagination as could pwsiMy find room in a bead so crammed with tho hard knotty prosaims of politics . On the present occasion he has essayed , iuhis own peculiar way , ametrical story , wcich , although at times uncouth enough , is written with a heartiness that forms a pleasant relief to the n&inbv-painby rhymes of most of our poetasters whu have sung of the moon and stars above , and the streams with tke flowers below , till ordinary lolks are sick and tired of hearing of them . AVe have not for a long time met with a TOluuie of poetry that we could read through with half as aiuch pleasure . "— Churton ' i LUeran fi&fi&tr .
" Xot having seen the l ' rfeou Ithyme , ' nor anj of the pe-jtie effusion .- ; of ilr . Cooper , we certainly were not prepared to find from his pen poetry of so high an order as &e Tolumd before us contains . The author of ' The Wise Saws' has written a Chrismas Rhyme ,-which bids feir to compete successfully with the best productions of Bjron or Shelley , and which , without any greatexaggeratieii , mightbe compared to the hitherto unequalled verses cf John Milton . It is remarkable that every thought is eiothed ip-poetic diction—almost every liiie , taken apart , preient * n poetic image of surpassing beauty . "—Glasgow Xmxaxtitr . Published bv Jeremiah How , 209 , Piccadilly .
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T FUNERA . L EUUJN'OMJn HB CEMiiTiJarand GENERAL FUNERAL COMPANY , united with SHILLIBEEtt'S PATENT FUNERAL CARRIAGES , respectfully invitepublicatteu-( ion to the economic and convenient arrangements for purforming arery description of Funerals complete , atchargeg Jo moderate as to defy compctition . and no extras , by which thi comfort of bereaved families will be materiall y pro . uiottd , and expenses limituil . City-road , Finsbury , next BunhiU-field * Burial-ground ; 21 , Percy-street , Tottenham-court-road ; and 1 : 16 , Union-street , Southwark , Shilllbeer '* Patent Funeral Carriage , with two horses * £ 111 s . 6 d . ; Single Horse , £ 1 ls . A respectable Carriage Funeral , combining every charge , U 4 s . liases and Mourning Csaches . Cathelic Fitting * . Four Horse Funerals . £ 1212 s . ~ ILtljIiLtl ii . h . iilH' Tnwn rnu-. -nl . otl , n ^ J ^ t \ r iv ™ i ? WiT nnu
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THE STRUGGLE . The common law of the land is based upon custom , and what apathy or indifference sanctions fora time , tyranny sanctifies as law when it serves its purpose . The common law of a country is supposed from time to time to have received the acquiescence of public opinion . ^ Itis the lexnon scripta , or unwritten law , and so fav differs from the lex scripta , or written law , that the people themselves can alter , amend , or
abrogate it . Its correction requires no appeal to the constituted authorities , or to the representative governiuont of the country . True , searching scrutiny may limit the severity of statute law , as is amply proved by tho fact , that although the laws of treason and sedition stand comparatively unaltered in the statute-book now , as compared with fifty years ago , yet has public opinion within that period considerabl y fettered those legal fictions , those lcsjal monsters
JNotonlycnn public opinion establish the common law or custom of the country , but , if well directed , l '; irlianicut itself is compelled to framo its statute law in compliance with its bidding . It is because we now seo a favourable opportunity for bringing the mind of the country to bear upon tlio representation of tho country , that we aro thus minute in analysing its power , and developing its mode of action . 'Wa liavo long struggled to marshal the non-elective influence against the electoral power . Those who , under the Reform Bill , could obtain tho
franchise , have been deterred by the capricious and whimsical restrictions with which the measure is encumbered—so much so , that Mr . Attwood declared that the franchise of Birmingham was a £ 30 , and and not a £ 10 franchise . Wo can scarcely blame an over-taxed people for not complying with all the rigid provisions of tho Reform Bill , whiile we can , and do complain of tho apathy of those who suffer from its harshness . Having said so much upon tho effect that the non-elective influence may produco we now turn to the consideration of Us proper direction .
The STRUGGLE » aterm wliich constituted much of tho charge against us at Lancaster , arid yet , if its use is necessary to denote the coming times , wo do not shrink from its application . That the struggle is at hand , we must naturall y infer from the declaration of Mr . ConuEN , in answer to Lord Gkoucl Bkntinck ' s threat of persevering resistance to the government measuro . Mr . Cobdbs said , if the measure is defeated elsewhere ,
"WE WILL GO BACK TO THE COUNTRY . " This is the warning voice , this denotes tlic coming struggle ; and , as v , u anticipated such a course before
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D—* TJIB EXPESSH ! PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . Thk recent " glorious victories" in India occupied the attention of both Houses of Parliament on Monday night , in the shape of a vote of thanks to tha Governor-General , the Commandcr-in-Chief , and the officers and soldiers engaged in the sanguinary battles on the Sutlej . The vote was proposed by Lord Ripox
in the Peers , and by Sir R . Pisel in the Common ? . Each of them entered at great length into a narrative of tho preceding circumstances out of which the conflict arose , and of the details connected with it . A high dramatic and domestic interest was imparted to both of the speeches b y the introduction of private letters from Sir H . Hardingk , describing the night previous to the final struggle , which ended in driving the Sikhs acioss the boundary river . The Governor-General had all his aides-de-camp killed and wounded
but one , and that one his own son , a boy of about sixteen years of age , upon whom devolved the entire duty of conveying his father ' s orders to different parts of the field of battle ; a duty which we are told was nobly performed . Another son , the ampu . tation of whose fuot , a few years since , prevented his serving in a military capacity , was also with him ; but was reluctantly compelled by the command of his father , who felt that his presence disturbed him to retire to the rear . '
Tlie introduction of iuch rletaJU . ^ i-: — »_ j me introduction of such details , striking and affecting at they are , only bring on mote forcibly the horrors and the misery of war . One cannot help sympathising witU Sir il . Habdissk , in his double capacity of general and father ; but th « very fact of liia being brought before us ia tke latter capacity , carrie * tae mind involuntarily to tuec » n » ideration of the domestic ties wlucb . hare bean ruthlessly and for
ever snapt asunder by thu terriMa battlt . Amidst the firing of cannon the ringiag of bells , and JParliamentary thanks , we cannot help revurtiug to tha desolate hearths and mournful homes it has caused . How many juora " littla Arthurs" wer » on the field that day , around whom a father ' s affections ciungi as strongly as did tho » e of the GoTernor-Gonerai him . self round hia lame »» n , whosa presence disturbel him !
let the slaughter of ions , and brothers , and fathers , and the conw ^ ient rupture of the manifold ties growing out of ttes » relations , excites neither comment nor regret . Tha latter feeling is confined to the «• Corinihian capital" of the army . The Sales , tiis M'Caskilm , and Beoadpoois , are individually aiugled out and sorrowed over ; but the WOO rank and fila who fell on that bloody field , are dismissed as summarily u if they had been so much human vermin , who had never known the " touching chariti * of lUe , " jnor left behind them any to uioura for their 1 am ' .
InsUad of regretting this slaughter , or the necessity for it-if uKuwry it was-Sir R , bows , that incarnation of orthodoxy , begged the house partiallarly to remember , in . the midst of its rejoicings , that the victory was owing to the Almighty alone ; as if war and bloodshed were sacrifices of a sweet-smelling savour to that Being who "has made of one blood all nations that dwell on the face of the earth !" Tyrants may consider it necessary in the present state of society , and especiall y of India , that such horrible destruction of life sliould . be committedbut , at all events , let us talk of it as a necessity to be regretted , and as speedily as possible endednot as a matter to plume ourselves upon , or which , has the sanction of Christianity .
An important topic was brought under the consie ' eration of the House of Lords on Tuesday night , by the Marquis of Lassdow . ve , who presented a p ° etitioa from the princi pal inhabitants of Van Dieniati ' s Land , complaining of the many grievances to which they are subjected in consequence of the wholesale importation of convicts into that colony . The petition gave , an appalling account of the financial , social , and moral condition of the colony , under the infliction of this moral pestilence , and declared that unless it was abated , every man would be obliged to leave the country who had the least regard to the higher considerations of life .
Lord Stanley , tlie late Colonial Secretary , while admitting most of these allegations , contrived to pick a personal quarrel out of the subject with his old friends the Whigs , whom he accused of being the authors of the mischief , by certain alterations " they made in the system in operation up to ISiO . JJe appeared to sustain this attack well enough ' by facts but this style of meeting a great grievance / though ! exciting enough , is by no means satisfactory . We do not want to know who originated an evil so much as how to get rid of it , and had Lord Stasuy confined himself to tho description of his own efforts to
improve our system of transportation , ho would have more truly exhibited the mind of a statesman-to which name we have no doubt he aspires , but he must greatly curb the petulance and headlong rashuess of his lutuve ere he achieves it . One ofhis observations is , however , worth notice . He said , and truly , that the question involved matters of much higher interest than the fate of that , or of all our colonies . It involved the revision of our whole system of secondary punishment ; and he was right . The intelligence of the age will not much longer permit of our emptying out upon the shores of an
island so richly blessed by nature as Van Dieraan ' s Land , the dregs of our pspulation at tke rate of 5 , 000 male convicts annually , and then leaving them in such a position , that the evil passions and inferior habits they have acquired are allowed to fester , and spread , and grow worse by their mere aggregation into masses termed " gangs , " without that surveil - lance , moral restraint , or elevating influence which such moral Pariahs require . Earl Grbt ( Howick ) made some sensible remark * on this subject and suggested some amendments , which at first sight ap . not onlfeasible
pear y , but highly conducive to the permanent improvement and well-being of the offen tiers against the laws in the first instance , whieb ought to bo the object of all criminal legislation and also to the beneficial re-action upon this countrv of such a humane and enlightened method of twattothose whose errors are at least as much , ascribable to ouc neglect and maltreatment of societ y as their own aberrant natures . As the question will , however undergo a more searching investi gation , wo shall «! ve rt to it again .
The ricketty" Reform Bill" has ¦ incidentall y undergone an overhauling in a discussion upon tha wholesale manufacture of forty-shilling freeholders hr the League . Mr . Nbwdega tk and tlie agricultural members werevery wroth at this extension of tho power of voting for members of Parliament . The abuses of the Registration system , and the folly of having so many different kinds of franchise , were also brought out pretty strongly-so strongly as to induce tho belief that the League , in taking this course , hsre sown the seeds ofa hawest , which some of its members and supporters would rather not see ripened . Indeed , Lord John Russell , on Monday night , avowed as much . In his speech on Mr . Vilukrs ' i
motion for , immediate Corn Law repeal , he ex . pressed l'jmself most anxious for an immediate settlement of the question , because a stop would thereby be , put to agitation . It was impossible , ho said ,
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* _ ME MOMHERN STa . _ fcscH 7 , . 1846 '" ° ' " ill ¦ ' ,, ¦ ¦ ~
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 7, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1357/page/4/
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