On this page
- Departments (5)
-
Text (19)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
#omp $toimnfl«& 4Tn,.A.'M« mM»»m*Mf<i.
-
Untitled Article
-
$anfu*upte' , $zt.
-
Comstpmrtmtce*
-
Untitled Article
-
PROCLAMATION [
-
Market tfntdlmenm
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
« Ana I will war , at leastin wards , ( And—should my chance so happen—needs , ) "With all who war with Tbongfct V « I think I hear a little Krd , who sings Thep ^ p lebyanaby waibethestronSer . " -B « CK .
THE MARTYRS FOR ITALIAN LIBERTY . BT JOSEPH MiZZIM . ATTIUO ASD EMILIO BA 2 JDIERA . ( From the People ' s Journal . ) To foresee the future of a cause or of a people I know no tetter method than to stud y the history of its Martyrs . I am aware that erery factitm has its martyrs also . I know that men die from ambition , from vanity , from devotion to an individual , to a race , to the memories of the past : but this is always at the height of a crisis , when the passions are in full play , when the blood is stirred b y the strosslff , by the ferer of anger , by the smell of powder and of the battle-field , and it is almost always in a manner somewhat theatrical , betraying effort , placing itself in attitude , dressing itself , as if to snpply , by an appeal tolnman forces , whatever of justice and futurity is wanting to the cause for which it dies . Then , that lasts not . It is the brief , fragmentary tiadition of a sect ; it is not the lonir , nuinterrupted , wide , and progressive tradition of 3 IUUG 10 N . Between saints and fanatics , God has
placed signs which every earnest man can easily recognise . But when yon see , during a long series of years , ( I might almost say of ages ; for the list of the martyrs of the free Thought of Ital y , commenced b y Dante , has been regularly continued eren to now , ) men of all ages , andjall classes , raising themselves , their brows pure from thought of crime , calm-hearted , high soaring , and religious , to protest , by the sword or by the pen , against brute force , and dying with a smile—then yon may say , without fear of decemngyourself , that there is a thought ofGodfermentingintheheartofa great people . Such men are Apostles ; their tomb is an Altar . It matters little that they have not succeeded ; others will conquer ia their name . The Angel of Martyrdom is brother to the Angel of Victory ; but , since the Crucified , we know that it is enly when the first raises his eyes from earth to heaven , that Godsends the second to realise a new < ine of his law upon earth .
The list of Italian Martyrs is very long ; some dead in prison , otliers in exile , the least unfortunate on the scaffold . I shall choose from this list the most remarkable of those belonging to the different epochs of our attempts . And I shall commence with the most recent ; because , either personally or by correspondence , I have known them , and my mind naturally recurs to them , whenever I think of the sufferings and of the hopes of my country . But whether I speak of my contemporaries , or of those who have lived before me , I shall assert nothing which is not historically averred . Any declamation on men who have put their life and their death to the service of an ilia , seems to me a profanation .
The name of the brothers Bandiera has been often pronounced ; but very few know anything of them beyond the simple fact of their adventurous enterprise and tragical end . What they were , what a life of virtues and of noble thoughts they could have devoted to their conntry , and through their country to humanity , if a country had not been denied them , is not known . And yet , this is most important to the cause for which they are dead ; this it is which elevates their enterprise to the consequence of a symptom of the state of things and of miads in Ital v .
Arriuo and Emilio Basdieba sprung from one of the Old patrician families of Venice , and—sons of the Baron Bmditra , rear-admiral of the Austrian marine , —had followed the paternal career , and held high rank in the feet , when they began to be known in the ranks of those secretly devoted to the success of the National Italian Cause . " I am aa Italian , " wrote Attilio , the elder of the two brothers , in the first letter I received from him , dated August 15 ih , 13 i 2 . — " I am an Italian , a soldier , and not proscribed . I am rather feeble in boiy , ardent at heart , very often cold in appearance . I seek to
temper my soul in the practice of stoical maxims . I believe in God , in a future state , in human progress ; from humanity , taken as a point of departure , I descead in my thoughts to country , to one ' s family , to the individual . I hold as certain that justice is the base of all right ; I have long concluded that the Italian cause is but 3 dependence of that upon mankind , and I console myself for all the difficulties of the present by thinking that to serve Italy is to serve humanity a . together . I have therefore decided to devote all my being t « the practical development of these principles . "
And in a letter , Emilio , in his turn , said to me , " TVe wish for a country free , united , republican . We . propose ft > ozzrselves , t < riiare nofaithbutin the national insane , not to count upon foreign succour , and to throw down the gauntlet of defiance when we shall be sufficiently strong . " How did they arrive at this ? they , soldiers , bound by all the exigencies of discipline , deprived of all contact with the patriots of the Peninsula , living on shipboard , bow at Smyrna , now at Constantinople , another time ia Syria , where they distinguished themselves in the action of the combined English , and Austrian forces , scarcely greeting with tiieir eyes * the vanishing shores of their country . "I have never been able to read till the other day , " said Attilio , in the letter I have quoted , " a single writing of Young Italy . " And yet they had already , at this period , organised an important work en the identical bases . The Italian spirit fermented in them in
virtue of their origin . The Austrian uniform weighed upon their breast ; the Austrian nag floating over vessels manned almost exsluaively by Italians , appeared to them an outrage . And the name whicnthey bore , devoted to the universal reprebation of Italy , in consequence of the arrest by the lather , at sea , in 1 S 31 , and in contempt of the capitulation of Ancona , of the patriots who were leaving for Frauee , gave to their desire of action an addidoual impulse . In their most private talk they avoided all allusion to iheir father ; but one saw ia the fire of their sad and sombre regards that they felt the want of rehabilitating this tarnithed name . For the rest they fulfilled all their domestic daties . They passionately loved their mother . Attilio was both husband and father , bnt the duty of raising a young seul to the worship of the Just and the True , reinforced his duties toward ! bis country , and his wife , since dead of grief , was worthy of Mm .
I am not able to state here what the two brothers wished to do , or the causes which nullified the results of the Italian agitation of 1314 . But , a 3 in all prolonged preparations , treason was already , in the commencement of that year , creeping into our ranks . Denounced first to their father , then to the Austrian government , by a man who had feigned to enter their ranks , they were compelled to fly , towards the end of February , 1844 , during the night , in a little boat , to two different points ; Emilio alone , Attilio with an old soldier , Mariano , who desired to follow him , and who now expiates his fidelity in the dungeons of Santo Stefano , in the kingdom of Xaples . " How will they support this ruin ? " wrote Attilio , at the end of the letter which announced to me the
treason and their flight—" my poor mother and my wife , frail creatures , perhaps incapable of resisting such great trials ! Ah ! to serve humanity and one ' s country has 'been , and will be always , I hope , my first desire , but I must confess that it costs me much . " His wife had been informed by Emilio . at Venice , of their projected flight ; she had kept the secret from the family , without letting them » £ iti-U instant divine what she suffered . But Khenjhe knew him out of reach , grief got the better . She died a short time after . She was fair , good , and brave . And if 1 had not long firmly believed that the man and woman who , loving each other , die of suffering , fflustone day be re-nnited as angels in some holy mystery of eternal love , the sole thought of this woman dying of a broken-heart , without unjust irritation , and without Complaint , for the man , who himielf some months after was to die in his turn , in bearing witness for his feith , and doubtless thinking of fcer—this sole thought would be sufficient to give me such belief .
"E uiilio had rtpalrod to Corfu . The Austrian government , afraid of \ i : moral effect which the flight of the two officers must produce in Italy , in revealing to all how the Italian spirit was at work even in their army , endt * - ronred to make them appear as mutinous children , and to prevail 011 tkmi tu accept a pardon . " The Archduke Bainieri , " wrote Emilio to me on the 32 ua or April , "Viceroy of the Iiombardo-Tenetian kingdom , sent one of his people to my mother , to tell her that if she could succeed in bringing me back to Venice , he would engage bis acred word of honour , that , not only I should be acquitted , but restored to my rank , to my nobility , to Jmy bonoxirs . He added , that my brother , older than J , had not the same right to hope , but that the clemency of the Emperor Ferdinand was so great , that he would end very
probably by obtaining the same conditions . My mother believes , hopes , departs on the instant , and arrives here . I leave you to imagine what I suffer at the moment I am writing to yon . It is in vain that I endeavour to make ber comprehend that duty orders me to remain here , that I should be happy to see my country again , but that when I shall direct my couwe towards it , it will not be te live an inglorious life , but to die there a glorious dsath ; that my safe conduct in Italy rests henceforward on the point of my sword ; that no affection ought to be abla to detach me from the flag which I have embraced ; and that the flag of a king can be abandoned , —that of a country never . My mother , agitated , blinded by passion , cannot comprehend me , calls me impious , unnatural , assassin , and ber tears rend my heart ; her reproaches , well as I feel not to merit them , are to me as so many Strokes of a poniard ; but the desolation does not deprive me of mind ; I know that these tears and this anger fall
upon our tyrants , whose ambition condemns families to such struggles . Write me a word of consolation . " iVnownotwhat others will think ofthe refusal of Enfilio , taa to » e , Eauno appears yet greater at this moment than when he fell calm and cool under the fire at Cosenxa . Many men think they low whem they aspire to happiness , and in following the shadow here below , even in betraying their duty ; many women , alas ! educated in tbe selfish habitj of despotism , preach , without knowing it , in the name of lore to their children or their busbands , the abandonment ofthe Law of God , the eternal worship of the Just and True . And love , the purification of two souls , the one through the other , loses itself in the Personal or sensual appetite of the brute . But when faith , to-day extinct in men ' s souls , shall have re-built * t * Temple of Love , the saintliness of the affection of Emilio for nil mother , and his refusal , will be , I repeat " » Ui « ejes of all , the fairest flower in . bis martormown , '
Untitled Article
Attilio rejoined his brother at Corfu . They were no more separated . They received a citation to appear before the Austrian court-martial , to which they replied together by a refusal , expressed in some lines which were published in the Maltese journals . War wag thus de clared ; aud another young officer , their friend from in fancy , handsome as an angel , pare as a child , brave as a lion , Domemco Motto , quitted then the Adria , which hap . pened to toueh at Malta , and went to say to them : hate lited , lored , and suffered together ; together tee «« H die For it was their clear purpose to die . The two Bandicras , open as they were to all great thoughts , were above all , men of action . They respired it at every pore ' to AttiUo rejoined his brother at Corfu . They wptT ^
Impatient bear witness , they sought on all sides to find the arena upon which to fling themselves . I gnorant of detail , they comprehend instinctively Italy , such as she is to-day : full of national aspirations , but backward , uncertain in her knowledge of the means which compass great things ; rich in individual devetedness ; weak in anything like collective action : fretted by the common evil , a difference between theory and practice . The Italians , said they , need to learn that life is but the realisation , the incarnation of thought ; that they only believe who feel the necessity of translating , come what may , into acts that which they think to be the True . Italy will live when Italians shall have learned to die . And for that there is no teaching but by example .
Thus they were determined to die . The severe carnage of Attilio , the serene piety of Emilio , betrayed the reflection of the same thought ; the first had the air of meditating the accomplishment of the mission he had imposed upon himself ; the second had bidden adieu to the things of earth , and waited tranquilly till the hour should sound upon the watch of his brother . They were consecrated victims , Hearts devoted unto death . We all knew that . And jealous of preserving for better combined efforts , two such precious lives , we struggled desperately against the fatality of the idea which dragged them on . But they were too strong for us . During a brief time , while we had only to struggle
against the sombre rapture of their sacrifice , we hoped to conquer . Later , the Italian government , alarmed by informations to which I will not return ' , but which Englishmen will do well not to fbrget , * began to throw the weight of all their scoundrclism into the scale , and we were lost . In June , the agents of the Neapolitan government poured into their ears the most encouraging reports : Calabria was in flames ; bands of insurgents overran the mountains ; they only waited for chiefs to develope their action ; and these chiefs were expected from among the Italian exiles . They believed them ; they sold all they had of jewels , of souvenirs of any value they converted them into arms , and set forth .
" In a few hours , "—said the last letterl received from Attilio , written the lltb of June , we set outfor Calabria . If we arrive safe and sound , we shall do our best , militarily and politically . Seventeen other Italians follow us , exiles for the most part ; we have a Calabrian guide . Remember us , and believe that if we are able to set foot in Italy we shall be firm in sustaining those principles which we have preached together . If we fall , tell our countrymen that they imitate our example . Life has only been given to us to employ it usefully and nobly ; and the cause for which we shall combat , and shall die , is the purest , the holiest , that has ever warmed human breasts . "
The rest is better known . A traitor bad been placed among them ; he quitted them on the 16 th , as soon as they disembarked . He went by Cotrone , to declare to the government the direction th « y took , their plan , their force ; the ; wandered three days in the mountains , till at last , reaching the village of San Giovanni in Fiore , usually ungarrisoned , they found themselves surrounded by forces twenty times superior . They struggled , however : one of them , Miller , fell dead ; another , Horo , riddled with wounds ; two contrived to save themselves in the mountains ; the rest were taken . The 25 th of Juls at five in the morning , Attilio and Emilio Bandiera , with seven of their companions . Ificola Ricciotti , Domenico More , Anacarsi Nardi , Giovanni
Venerucci , Giaeomo Rocca , Francesco Berti , and Domenico Lnpatelli , were shot to death at Coscnza . Their last moments were worthy of them . They were awakened , the morning of the day , from a tranquil sleep ; they dressed themselves with care , with even a sort of elegance , as if they prepared for a religious solemnity . A catholic priest , who presented himself , was mildly repulsed . " We have sought , " said they , " to practise the law ofthe gospel , and to make it triumph at the price of our blood . We hope that our works will recommend us to G od , better than your words . Go and preach to our oppressed brothers ! " Arrived at the place of execution , they entreated the soldiers " to spare the face , made in the image of God . " They cried out Viva Vltalia ; and all was said .
Some months after , a letter reached one of our friends at Corfu , written twelve hours before the fatal moment , by one of those who fell with them . The calm solemn tone in which it is written , reminds me ot the heroes of Plutarch ; and I bring it forward here , because it must suffice to prove what men accompanied the two brothers in their enterprise . To Signor Tito Savelli , Exoria , \ in Coifa . Dear Friend , —I write to you for the last time : within twelve hours I shall be no more . My companions in misfortune are the two brothers Bandiera , Ricciotti , Moro , Venerucd , Roeca , lupatilli , and Berti . Tour
Brotherin-law is exempted from this fate , nor do I know to how many years he will be sentenced . Remember me to your family , and all friends as often as possible . If it be granted me , I will , before ascending to the Eternal , revisit the Eioria . Kiss for me my Dante } and all your children . When you think proper you may make known this my fate at Modena and to mj brother . Receive the affectionate remembrances of all my companions . I embrace you . And am yours , Kasdi . From the condemned cell at Cosenza , 24 th of the 7 th month , 1314 .
P . S . —I write with handcuffs , and therefore my writing will appear as if written with a trembling hand ; but I am tranquil because I die in my own country , and for a sacred cause . The friend who used to come on horseback was our ruin . Once more , farewell .
Untitled Article
CONDITION OF THE LABOURERS IN THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA . Rome , March 2 S . —A few days ago tins government provided for its subjects the spectacle of a public execution , into the details of which a correspondent enters , not leaving suck to more competent hands . The law ' s delay had allowed the culprit to remain two years in prison before his final production , and bis case is not unsuggestive of much sound teaching , not to the mere rabble who gathered round the spot , where of old Kienzi spoke , and where now the guillotine discourseth , but rather to those whom providence had made responsible for the conduct of the modem Roman people . In the minutes of this trial it appeared that this youth of twenty-four had sought over the campagna , from Frascati to Ardea , for work ,
and had sought in vain , before resolving , first , on the sale of his prayer book , which fetched three bajocchi ; and finally , on billing the first man he met , a charcoal burner , who turned out to be as poor as himself . Now , wherefore was there no work for Francesco Sciarra , in that wide champain , with its rich soil and its abounding pastures ? The answer is simple : these lands are either held in mortmain by thechurch or the monks ( two distinct ideas ) , or by hospitals , or by such leviathan landowners as Borghese , Rospigliosi , Barberini , and ( a namesake of the criminal ) Prince Sciarra . The church lands are never improved by additional labour , because the incumbent has but a life tendency , and lives in Rome . _ The monks are migratory or reckless . The hospitals are gigantic
ol » , where the plunder is divided between the highest and the lowest functionaries—a mere fractional part finding its way to the original object and no funds can be spared * for agricultural progress . The great land proprietors either have no taste for expensive improvements on a sickly entailed estate , or they have other and less creditable pursuits ; they feel themselves to be merecyphersintheecclesiastical dominions , without the natural influence of property and rank , and , therefore deem themselves not answerable for the pauperism around them . So between the aristocracy and the church ( the middle classes cannot get any land to purchase in the campagna ) , the labourers are as little cared for , as ii they were tenants of an Irish absentee , or squatters of that Milesian Eldorado , Derrynane Be ? .
They have a Corn Law here too , which attempts to regulate not only the import of grain , but is principally effective in preventing its export , which might be made most extensive and enumerating , but for the peculiar distribution ef property . Fertile tracts are only ploughed once every third year , being left the other two to be cooked ( si etwee ) in the sun . The food of the working peasant is rarely bread , mostly Indian corn made into a moist cake , and having dried fruit , a raisin orsomething of that kind , frugally interspersed , to make the lump palatable . With this provender he goes forth to labour at a great distance
from his dwelling , and returns at eve to a supper 01 wild herbs , a little oil and vinegar . To return to the gallows : the prevalent feeling was of course pity for the young murderer , whose guilt was totally forgotten , and while the dismal preparation was being made , and p ickpockets at work , masked pilgrims went round making a collection for anticipate masses to benefit his soul . No one thought of including in the votive offering a bajoccho for the soul of the poor charcoal burner : the sympathy being all monopolised by the homicide , and none left for his victim . —Correspondent of the Daily Sews .
Untitled Article
Nicholas at Sba . —The ; ship of the line calle-1 " Russia / 'isan overwhelming proof of the despotism ot Nicholas . On visiting the vessel while on the stocks ' , he thought that there was not sufficient room to walk about , and , accordingly , commanded the space to be enlarged ; even enforcing his opinion against that of competent judges . By consequence , this vessel is the very worst sailer in the whole Russian navy , and is very seldom employed .
Untitled Article
THE POLISH INSURRECTION . THE INSURRECTION HOT PUT DOWN . We before « tated that the peasantry in Gilliria had refused to lay down their arms and resisted the Austrian authorities . It seems they have formed an entrenched camp in the forest of Niepolomiee The Deutsche AUgtmeine Zeitung of the 5 th ' Auril gives news from Cracow of the 30 th March which states that a peasant of the name of Safa is at the head of the insurgents . It is on the following conditions alone that he intends to lay down his arms — 1 st . —Abolishment of the corvee . 2 nd . —Suppression of duties . mui / Bm . Tsn tmott ^^™ ,
3 rd . —Salt not te be sold at a hi gher price than Is 3 d . the cwt . ( salt , tobacco and stamped pap er are the three great monopolies of the Austrian government ) " 4 th . Division of property one quarter to the nobles and three quarters to the peasantry " It is asserted that a person of eminent talents is at the head of the rebels at Tilsna , representing the civil power , whilst Sala 13 acknowledged military leader . ' Loxdon . Saturday . —A letter from Breslau nf the 24 th nit . states that a band of h-jShJ ^ ffl noble is in occupation of the forests ofthe districts ^^ T ^ ^^ icates with the famed
^^ forest of Biavelege , in Lithuania . This bo ^ i ^ posed ot a race of half noble peasantry * called ETSS . t i ° rem 0 te time P ° 3 ae 83 lands g ^ n £ rlv ™ y ^ T , starosts > in remuneration of services rendered to the church or tethe country , liic Ivurpics , on multiplying , had partitioned out the lands m numerous portions , but when the estates ot the clergy were confiscated by the government , they became tenants of the crown , without being subjected to suit and service . They live in the woods , engaged in the chase and in smuggling , and are excellent marksmen .
The-VatjoiiaJof Thursday mentions having received intelligence respecting the situation ofthe Polish insurgents , and their present organisation . That journal , howover , does not consider it advisable to publish those details , but it announces as positive that on the 22 nd the insurgents had an engagement with a squadron of Austrian cavalry , and completely routed it , with the loss of twenty-five killed . " This , " adds the National , Was not their only success . On hearing of that defeat , the commander ofthe troops concentrated round Tarnow immediately sent off two battalions of infantry and three squadrons of cavalry . This force advanced against the insurgents , who fell back on a forest , where they had thrown up someintrenchracnti . The Austrians marched the whole of the 23 rd , and , after a few skirmishes , they stopped on the approach of night . The insurgents lighted
fires , but , instead of waiting for the enemy , they pene . trated into the heart of th » forest , where they took up positions , little pervious to infantry , but quite inaccessible to cavalry . Whilst these events were passing to the south-west of Tarnow , another columa of peasants , after being reinforced at Worniki and Borec , surprised during the night the Austrian garrison of the small town of Chesanow , and put it to tbe sword . Our correspondent furnishes us with the following particulars respecting the affair : — "The insurgents , " he says , " who maintained themselves in the forest , attacked in thenightoftha 24 tb of March a squadron of Austrian light horse , garrisoned in a village within a short distance of Chesanow , a small town in the environs of Cracow . Every man of the squadron was either taken or killed . The peasants fight like lions since the Austrians wish to reduce then again to their former state of slavery . "
Untitled Article
ADDRESS OF THE FRENCH COMMITTEE . The central committee for the Polish cause at Paris have issued the following : — " Polish nationality shall not perish ! " This declaration , emanating in France from the three great powers of th » state , Poland doos not cease to recall aloud by the voice of the battle , of exile , and of martyrdom . " Polish nationality withstands persecution , and even dismemberment , retrenching itself invincible behind its language and its faith . It professes the ingredients of great causes and future greatness adherents and heroes .
" Polish nationality must not perish or nations must avow that they are but flocks of sheep , which the sword has the right to destroy ; Polish nationality must not perish , for it is necessary to the balance of Europe ; it would be an infringement on the most sacred rights—the rights of nations . " Poland has again turned upon her oppressors . This is the eighth time they have riBen in arms , invincible faith in the immortality of their country , and in the wonderful justice of the Lord ; and so fruitful in this faith that , weighed down by oppression in exile , they made a step in advance towards their national independence .
" Till now , the Polish nobles alone bore the brunt of the combat , and fell as victims to the sacrifice . It was sad , but perhaps it was just . The people shared but slightly in the revolution . Slaves to the corvee and hinds from their birth , they would but have changed masters . "The present movement opens a new era for Poland . " Instructed by experience and the advances of civilisation the Polish nobles perceived that no formidable coalition could be overcome without the aid of the people , and at the manifesto of Cracow they came enthusiastically from all quarters . "In vain did a Machiavelhc policy , aware of the dangers , endeavour to change an appeal to liberty to
an appeal to communism , the signal of a nation ' s freedom resounded in the hearts of the SclavonianB . Religion gave its blessing and _ its sanction . The national clergy , the manifesto in one hand , and the crucifix in the other , placed themselves at the head of the insurgents . The character of this movement touched the different chords of nations , and brought forth a harmonious accord . Poland enters irrevocably into the order of things proclaimed by France in 1739 ; France acknowledges and owns this now act of fraternity between the two people . "Poland was gradually preparing for this
renovation . Associated in the defence of these principles of liberty , she had always on the battle-field mixed her blood with our blood , and her ideas with our ideas . She sympathised in our victories , as in our defeats . In 1830 , she rose at the sound of our revolution : and from the fall of Warsaw dates the decline ofthe principles of liberty on earth . " However languid and weak public opinion may appear in France , it is nevertheless ready to answer to the call of Poland . Religion , the arts and sciences , the tribune , and tho press , every power we possess , are ready to share in this sentiment , ever young , in this interest , ever great .
" Convinced of the eternal attachment of France to the Polish cause , the central committee follow the example of Poland ; they do not despair , they do not relinquish their labours ; the moment is come for energy and action , they offer their devotion and their concurrence to their fellow-citizens . " The impulse is given , public sympathy for the Polish cause increases every day ; it must be nourished and cultivated ; we must propagate ideas which will induce the governments of tree nations to follow a generous line ot policy . " To this end the central committee call upon all the friends of the liberty of nations , of the freedom of conscience .
" Poland saved Christendom ; she shielded her very oppressors of to-day against the blow of the Islarus . Advanced guard of progress and liberty towards the east , her mission is not fulfiled : Poland is not doomed to perish ! " Parii , 25 th March , 1346 . "
Accounts from Lemberg state that one of the leaders of the peasantry , called Sedlaoz , has been arrested . He declared that if he was not immediately set at liberty , he feared for the fate of Tarnow . The authorities set him free , after making him promise to use all his influence to engage the peasantry to resume their works . The Courrier Franeak announces the arrest of M . Tissowski , who exercised the functions of Dictator during the insurrection at Cracow . He had escaped into Saxony with a French passport , and it was believed that , notwithstanding the appeal to the French Minister at Dresden for protection , he would be delivered by the Saxon police into the hands of the Austrian authorities .
In the district of Bochnia , the peasants are led by Ivoryga , in that of Sandeez , by a peasant of the name of Janocha . The letter of the Emperor "to his faithful Gallicians , " was received with the greatest contempt . When one ofthe commissaries , who was sent to treat with them , alluded to the property of the murdered men , saying that it belonged to the widows and orphans they had left— " We have killed the old dogs , it is no hard task to strangle the young ones , " was their only answer . Two of the commissaries sent by the government have been killed , though each was accompanied by an armed force . The Cologne and Breslau journals say , " Gallicia is
become a desert ; the bands of peasants that scour the country are so well organised , that it will be a difficult matter to put them down . They have not the slightest regard for the authorities ; they tear down the proclamations exhorting them to return to their work ; and they demand the lands whose owners they have murdered . There are men among them who persuade them that they have saved the land , and that they must not lay down their arms till their rights have been acknowledged . All persons peacefully inclined fly the country ; the public offices are vacant ; government has offered a higher salary , but no one has been found willing to run the risk . "
Such are the facts published to-day . Instead of being suppressed , the insurrection has but taken another turn , and is becoming a regular civil war . We can state from good authority that a certair number of the insurgents of Cracow are with th t < peasants . In the district of Rszecz , and towards theCarpatl , ia mountains , great disorders prevails , and the crjnflj gratiousare numerous . .
Untitled Article
tratKhS ! , f las aPPeal «' d against the sequesnUprfv hot ! Uncle 3 estate 8 . as the community of trTaS £ " and wiVedoesnotexistin Aus-Princesf C ^ T ^ se < Juest « tted belongs to the that the A , B m rif ' born at Spaicha ' I ? iB said 2 » rfA 5 S lwnMit wm not take any itoj ^ tfP § ram ( CrOatia ) ' ^ 31 st <> f "The general assembl y ofthe district of Szabolec took place on the JOth ult ., amUn the folWing days It was numerously attended , owing to the events in uallicia ..
"In an extraordinary sitting , they decided on an appeal to the Emperor in favour of Poland , that tho affairs of that country might be regulated conformably to justice , and wi thout the effusion of blood . A petition will accordingly be sent to the Emperor . One of the speakers advocated that Gallicia should have a constitutional government , and that this wts to be laid betore the Diet . A convocation of the Diet was likewise demanded . ¦ tu " AIAi . he authorities have been requested to join in the petition for the convocation ofthe Diet . " p ^ Ir * Emperor of Au 8 TR " to the f" S « f ? 1 f ^ w—The Emperor of Austri a has made the following reply to the remonstrances recently sent m by the M hL / w .-. " ; , " ? Z *
tain measures of the government :- " We have read with great dissahsfaetion the representation in which y fuZ } d S cntic ! 9 e the ' ^ solutions we have addiessed to tko general congregation of the United kingdom , and to direct outrageous attacks against the results of this congregation . Your representations are not only wanting in that re 3 pect which is due to our rojal authority , but they denote also a want ol respect for the memory of your ancestors . They proved , on all occasions , and in suitable terms , their attachment to our Imperial House ; but you have had the temerity , while referring to them , and turning the legal authority into derision , to pretend to shield your nnworthy attempts under the mantle of their fidelity . We the more disapprove of your
conduct , as your remonstrance , dictated by this temerity , demonstrates in the most evident manner , that you have not reflected that you yourselves , as well as the States of the United Kingdom , have , at different times , laid complaints at the foot ofthe throne , pointing out the indispensable necessity of reestablishing order in your assemblies . Consequently , to show ourselves what we have ever wished to be throughout the continuance of our reign—the protector of laws and the preserver of order—we command you , exhorting you with firmness , not to lose sight of the fidelity and the respect you owe to us-, to observe henceforth in your di 3 cussions the forms prescribed by the laws , in order that we may not be under the painful necessity of punishing those whe prefer rashness to moderation . "
lhe Cologne OaseHo announces that the representatives of the three Northern Powers , assembled at Berlin , had adopted the following resolutions relative to the republic of Cracow : — " 1 The republic of Cracow will continue to be a tree state . " 2 . This state , however , shall not possess the privilege of re-organising her militia or of maintaining troops . . " 3 . The three Protecting Powers shall alternatively keep a garrison in the city of Cracow . ( The ancient Royal castle ' shall be transformed into a citadel , to be defended by a park of artillery . " A letter from Dresden states the sum of 50 , 000 fl . ( Ao , 000 ) , in bills , was found on the person of the dietator Iissowski , who is imprisoned in that city . He w ? i recei ved these bills from the banker Woltt , of Cracow , and that the funds came from the government chest at Wielisza .
PROGRESS OF THE INSURRECTION . TheifctfOTfll states , that its intelligence from Uallicia describes the insurrection as becoming daily more formidable . " Our correspondence , " it sara , — ' Informs us that the Russian troops are reduced to complete inaction , the soldiers confining themselves to protect the security of the roads , and the insurgents being now masters of the country . A person from Vienna , connected with the government , writes that thereat least 20 , 000 armed individuals who refuse obedience to the orders of the civil and mihtary authorities oi ' theprovince . Their organisation , plans , and mode of manoeuvring had caused the greatest surprise to the commander of the troopsand they
, had inferred from these circumstances that the insurgents had able chiefs at their head . To those particulars our correspondent adds— 'I have been assured that the rural population of Ukraine , having been apprised of the events in Gallicia , had become agitated , not to murder its landlords , but to demand the abolition of forced labour , and quit and Crown rents , and the possession of a portion of the soil . Austria , not knowing the cause of the present agitation , imagined that it was rancorously excited by a great power ; but experience will prove to her that it has deeply-rooted natural causes , the irresistible action of which exercises its influence over upwards of 20 , 000 , 000 serfs . "
Untitled Article
BANKRUPTS . ( From r «« sdoy ' i QaxMt , April 14 , 1846 J Thomas Grooham , Chard , Somerset , baker — James Wallace , Durham , grocer—James Roe , Manchester , dry . salter—John Davis , Shrewsbury , draper . BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED . Charles Collins , Kidderminster , yarn dealer , March 16 .
DIVIDENDS . April 23 , Thomas Robinson , Eceleston , Lancashire , lime burner—April 15 , Jamea Cross , Bristol , provision merchant—April 15 , John Batchelor , Bath , Butcher-April 18 , Wm . Clarkson , Red Cross-strcet , City , Loot and shoe maker—AprillS , Benjamin Jones , City-road , draper —April 18 , Christopher Blackmore , Cork . street , tailor-April 15 , John Woollams , Charles-street , Jlanehestorsquare , builder — John Frederick Cork and James Launcelot de Carle , New Bond-street , coach builders . Certificates to bo granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or before May 6 .
John Turner , Erook-street , Holborn , dealer in printing materials—Thomas Ellis , Great St , Helens , City , wine merchant — Sir John Rsss , Gracechureh . strcet , City , banker—Jonathan Knights , Great Melton , Norfolk , cattle dealer—Charles Gibson , South-street , Grosvenorsquare , cheesemonger — Wm . Kearton , Lamb-street , Spital-square , cheesemonger—Samuel Harrison , Poole , provision merchant— Charles James Banister , Derby , linen draper—James Sisley , Margate , carpenter—John Dyer Williams , Newcastle-street , City , blacking maimfacturer—Charles Henry White , Gravesend , linen draper —Thomas Knight and Michael Thomas Knight , Bath , upholsterers .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . R . Bcvan and Henry Whitaker , jun ., "Wigan , Lancashire , cotton-spinners—Thomas Crook , James Clayton , and John Swarbrick , Preston , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—John Priestley , sen ., and JameB Priestley , Tottington , Higher End , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—Joseph Buttenvorth and Robert Heape , Rochdale , Lancashire , woolstaplers—Joseph Buttenvorth , Benjamin Heape , and Robert Heapo , Rochdale , LancB . shire , oll-morchants—Joseph Buttenvortb , and Robert Taylor Heape , Rochdale , Lancashire , woolstaplera —• Edgar Saunderson and Edward Loma . x , Nottingham , commission-agents—Edgar Saunderson , Edward Lomux , and J . B . Payne , Chard , Somarset , lnce-manufacturers—George Gannon and John Gannon , Lntchfbrd , Chester , bBilders—George Leggott and Thomas Searby ,
Kingstonupon-Hull , last-makers — Thomas Kelsall and John Chappie , Liverpool , bricklayers — . William Bayley and William Crawford Newby , Stockton , Durham , attorneys Arthur Lett and David Fraser , King-Btrect , City , accountants—Edward Terry and Robert Irivin , Dudley , Worcestershire , grocers—W . D . Clark and John Claik , Liverpool-road , Islington , smiths—William Billing ami William Amos Wilson , Liverpool , veterinary surgeons James Reding and William Nicol Judd , Ludgate-hill , City , printers—Richard Wilkiii and Edmund Preston , Liverpool , shipbrokers—W . W . Gill aud William Ford Attwood , Cheltenham , artists—George Walkden and Thomas Walkden , Mansfield , Nottinghamshire , solicitors —W . W . Burdon , Ralph Collingwood , and William French , Bedlington , Northumberlandshire , brewers-James Kerr , and George Ken-, Edinburgh , brewers .
• COTCJI SEQUESTRATIONS , Coghill and Co ., Ayr , glass merchants—Jame » Jamie Bon , Paisley , draper—John Oswald , Edinburgh , share broker—Peter Dawson , Dundee , draper .
Untitled Article
DEATH PUNISHMENTS . TO THR EDITOR OP TUB NORTHERN STAB . Sin , —In the Star of last week ther « Is an account 0 the execution of Wicks , it is there remarked that he appears to have been one of the most hardened criminali ever confined within tbe walls of Newgate , that he in : ' tended to have murdered tho foreman , that he had long premediated the murder of his master , and last of all the intended murder of the young woman ; these are offered as so miiny reasons why conscientious objections to his execution should be removed , as proving that he was master of his actions when he committed the murder of
which he was found guilty . * Theso reasons appear to me to be threefold cticfencc of his constitutionally diseased mind , and wrought up as it wa » by the society in which he moved , he was made sufficiently revengeful for the cruel deed , andripa In early life for the vengeance of the law . Spritghig from parents where was wanting the sympathetic cord of love so requisite to unite both togetbev in teroier watchfulness ovor tho preverse disnositir ^ n of their child , and with stern resolve not to allow '/ toy special manifestation of his unfortunate disposition without n corresponding degree of chastisement , ( not the rod , ) for probably he bad smarted under it , ) but the chastisement of th « mind ; tho mind whtin properly
Untitled Article
trained is that which must hold swajr over the individual , but he was in the world without a trainer for good . The direction ofthe mind by those who have enlightened love for man ' s happiness cannot be too early commenced , such teacliing creates around the objects of it » care a genial atmosphere which derelopes the better part of man ' s nature . _ To the sheriffs , the under-sheriffs , and the other autho . ritias , he gave his thanks for their kindness and exertion in his behalf . Hardened as he was , gratitude for kindnesses shown was still living in his bosom . He acknowledged the justice of his sentence , with regret for hia crime . Ah ! little did he know of tho conspiracy of causes which led him to the commission of his crime , and the subtlety and craft of those who affect to pour consolationinto the minds of wretchnd criminals , whilst they uphold a system that as long as it continues will not ' cease preparing and sending victims to the gallows , or he would have loaded with reproaches a people who boast of their doings for the heathon , of their philanthropy and love to man , for the neglect of himself .
Was it possible for Wicks to be again restored to life , placed in his former abode , surrounded by the same incentives to crime , and his nature unimproved , he would by an inevitable necessity repeat agaiu the crime for which lie suffered , The number of executions which he had witnessed had not softened his heart , but doubtless had done much in preparing his own mind for his cruel end . I cannot think that those who are revengefully inclined would be deterred from committing a similar crime to that for which Wicks suffered , though they were piesent at his execution . Upon some of weak nerves nnd less resolution of character it might have some degree of preventive effect , but such individuals are not prevented committing bad deeds suited to their peculiar nature .
The disposition of children if attended to by competent teachers can be so diructed as to render the commission of such crimes as wis every day hear of , when for the punishment of the same law is as frequently called into operation , all but impossible . Should there bo some 0 irreclaimable and unfit to mix with g « nernl society , their cases call loudly for some national establishment , where every care and attention would be paid to the diseased minds . I am sorry to say that there is to be found amongst iliose who are opposed to death punishments some who have a lingering adherence to some mode of punishment for murderers , where continual pain would be inflicted upon them , some such system , they say , would be tun times more terriWe to offenders than the momentary sufferings upon the gallows . This is the relic of a torture-loving age . Terror has always failed in reforiuinj ; man . The terrori of hull deterred not man from pursuing pleasure—the horrors of the inquisition prevented not men from believing and avowing their belief in
erroneous doctrines—the awful sight of one suspgnded by the neck gives noi security against the hand ofthe mur . derer—nor do the tortures endured by those sent to a penal settlement give security against the perpetration of crime . Those who woultl effectually reform man must teach him to forget revenge , and look to causes which lead to crime rather than to effects of punishment upon aoeinty . I do not complain that Johnstonc was not food for the gallows , but I do complain of that system which invested him , aud invests others who aro placed in similar positions to that which he filled , with absolute power over his fellow-men . I cannot be persuaded otherwise in my own mind than that , if Johnstone had belonged to the class who serve , instead of belonging to those who command , the jury who found him not ol sane mind would have found no difficulty in consigning him over to Calcraft , although his cruelties had notbeen a twentieth part of vyhsit it was proved they were at his trial . PBOM O 1 M WHO WOULD CONSCIENTIOUSLY DAVE SAVED tub ufk or Wicks . [ This letter came to hand too late lor insertion in our last number . —Ed . N . S . I
Untitled Article
[ The following significant document has been sent to us from Glasgow . " ! WANTED , as Food for Powder , some Fine Young Men , ef good character , to fill the places of the BRAVE FELLOWS who fell in bringing about the Civilization of India , according to the old fashioned method , namely , robbing and murdering the Inhabitants . About 40 , 000 human beings having been left to rot on THE FIELD OF G ( L ) ORT , and many thousands more having died from Fatigue , Starvation , and Disease ,
THE HANDSOME BOUNTY OF £ 4 STERLING Will be given to Aspiring Young Men offering themselves for the Noble Occupation of British State Murderers , and that lisa Majesty ' s Servjce may not want for high-spirited ,
STRICTLY MORAL MEN , at tho head of whom Sir Charles Rapier himself would not be ashamed to march , the followin " GREAT INDUCEMENT are held out to all who will engage in it : — 1 . The Recruit is at once and for ever saved the trouble of thinking fur himsulf . and raised to the EXALTED POSITION of an Animated Machine . He may in course of time , if he ueuaves himself , become as docile and nearly as useful as one of JIuinford , s figures . 2 , Should the Young Man be marriod , he will have an opportunity for DESERTING HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN , as he will not be allowed to take them with him , and this kind of Desertion is rather reckoned a beauty than a blemish in the Military Code .
3 . But should he , poor sinner ! attempt to Desert him . self , he will be treated to A FEW HUNDRED uAiMIES ON HIS BARF . BACK , a delightful species of titillation which oan be better imagined by tlioso who have felt ii than described by those who haven't . And as a iuss ( base ) accompaniment to the sufferer ' s shrieks and groans , the band auiy appropriately play the spirit-stirring air of " Britons never shall be slaves . " After being taken down from the triangle , and placed under the care of the surgeon , should his ungrateful and rebellious spirit rather prefer death at once than recovery that he may endure the remainder of his Sentence , let him be consoled with the reflection that the Duke of Villianton has declared such lashings essential to the preservation of discipline in the army .
i . Or if reduced by hunger to the greatest extremity , ( ft very common caso during a campaign ) , he should give fray to the temptation of stealing to supply his necessities , he may have a chance of the HIGH HONOUR of being hanged by the Commander-iu-Chief himself , instead of by mere privates ; for n comfortable assurance of which see Sir Charles Kupier ' s Address to the Army in India . 0 . If the Soldier should die of fatigue , or disease , ( to which many more fall victims thmi to the Cannon or Bayonet ) , there will not be any mention of him ; but
should he die on the field of battle , he will be entered on the LIST OP GLORY as one rank and file killed , and a host of penny-a-liners may shed a Iu 6 tre around his head by classing him with " the gallant fellows . who perished in their country's cause !" Application to bo made to any of the Gentlemen daily parading before the Tontino , Trongate , with couts of a rich Blood colour , and tufts of ribbon at their caps , which strikingly remind us of the Cat o'Ninetails , and the "Black and Blue , " Red and Yellow marks it often leaves on the Soldier ' s back .
Untitled Article
An ErrittonDiNARY Miskk . —On Monday afternoon Mr . Baker held an inquest , sit Hie King ' s Anm Charles-street , City-road , on view of the body of John Jacob Farmer , or John Jacob , about TO years 1 f age ,-who died in the workhouse of the parish of St . Luke , City-road , from exhaustion , having been removed from his lodgings , No . G , PoweH ' s-place , Cityroad ,, where were found Peruvian and other bonds , with Bank of England notes and gold , to the value of ^ 8 , 056 . It appeared from the evidence , that in the month of September last the deceased took a room at the Sbove house in PowelFs-place , which is kept by two highly respectable maiden ladies . He was ofthe moat reserved habits , and was not visited by any one . On Sunday afternoon last , as he had
not bi : en seen tor some days , information was sent to Mr . Bacon , master of St . Luke ' s workhouse , who promptly proceeded to the house ; when a policeman was called in , by whom the door of his room was forced open . The deceased was found in bed , apparently in a dying state , and the room exhibited that he , deceased , was in a state ofthe utmost destitution Mr . Ree , a surgeon of the parish , immediately saw the deceased , who was sinking from wnnt of common necessaries . Stimulants were administered , from the effect of which , in about an hour ' s time , he was so far recovered , that he was enabled to be removed to tho workhouse . Previously , Mr . Bacon searched the rcom , upon which he discovered in his watch-fob pocket a £ 100 and a £ 50 Bank of
England notes net endorsed , and quite new ; in another pockeL sixteen sovereigns ; and at the head of thebcdarolrof papers , which proved to be Brazilian , Spanish , and Peruvian bonds , of tho value of £ 8 , 490 , scrips of which had been t < ven off , nnd tho interest on them paid . Theso had been originally received by him , as they had not been endorsed . At the workhouse he was urged to state who were bis relations , but he obstinately refused to make any communication . lie was attended by Mr . Conrttsicy , the house surgeon , who was not able to prolong hi existence but a few hours . From the conversation oS the wretched iaan , it appeared that hewasconstantYj in the practice of depriving hireself of thenccessanss of life , one oi" the means by which he thought it - passible to support life , without food , being dail y to sa-I turatc his body with oil of olives . This was evident
from the state in which his apparel was discovered as they were all soaked with oil ; these , also , as well as Insbotly , being completely blackened , as i ' u-ashis practice to mix soot with oil . A shirt raid llanne ! waistcoat he wore had been so long " on him that they were joined together . The Br .- . zUian bonds ITJ ? P )!) . &m > and the s P ? » M » bonds for I v ' o ™? ,- lhere wasau a ( ldress '• " of them , rjo . 6 , Old Ivcnt-road ; but , on inquiry beiii" made there , he was not known . The whole of the property is in the possession of Mr . Bacon , and who was the only witness examined . The ckroner , having taken his evidence , said that , as the -deceased had died in the possession of so much muncy , he would adjourn the inquiry to give the retotircs an opportunity to come forward . Tho inqueai was adjourned to Mon-I day next .
Untitled Article
London Cons Exchange , Monday , Apmi , 13 th . — At this iJays market jveiiatl a moderate sawly of iiiiglisli Wheat , the line runs of which fount ) re :, buyers , at the currency of this d ; iy week . The transactions 111 bonded wore chiefly j n sm ! l | l parcels to millers , who ck-ar by certificates , the value of which has advanced to lfo . per qmvrter . Fine Barley was alonein request ; other sorts the turn cheaper , which remark also applies to Mali . No clian » e in the value of hog Teas . Boiling sorts are full U . dearer . Beans Is . lower . We have a * !>; uod arrival of ivUh Oats , but tho quantity of English and Scotch is only trifling . Good fresh horse Corn was taken by consumers at the currency of this day week , but parcels out of condition , or light qualities , were difficult of sail " , and could have been bought on somewhat lower terms . CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED IN JIAUK-LANB . BHITISIl GR 4 IX . Shillings per Quarter , Wheat .. Essex < Jj Kent , tvhite . new .. 4 « to 63 .. 57 to 70 Ditto , red ii £ 0 .. oi 63 Suffolk and Norfolk , red .. 47 57 white 4 !) 6 ' 2 Lincoln and York , red .. 47 S 7 irhitu 49 62 Kortliumb . and Scotch . 47 60 Rye 22 38 Barley .. Malting 30 34 eatra 37 — Distilling 2 u iO Grinding 23 20 Malt .. Ship 53 57 Ware 59 61 Oats .. Lincolnshire aud Yorkshire , feed , 2 ls Od to - ' 3 s ( id ; jiotnto , or sWt 22 s fid to 2 fe « d ;
, 1 ' uluud , 22 s Cil to 27 s 6 d ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , 21 s Od to 25 s Ud : potato , 21 s Od to ' - ' os ( id ; Irish feed , 2 os ( id to 22 s 6 d blnck , ai ) s ( id to 22 s Cd ; potato , 21 s ( id to 24 s ( if [; Galway , lVs Cd to iOs Gil . Beans .. Ticks , new 3-j % oia 38 44 Ilnrrow , small , now .. 34 ys old 40 46 Peas .. \ Vlute 37 43 boilers 40 44 wrny mul hog .. „ 33 ag Flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk „ ft ^ ,, , u Tow " - " lade ( l ' sllokof 280 Ibs } 4 ( 5 53 Buckwheat , or Urank so g ENQIiISU SLEDS , &c . Ited clover ( per cwt . ) 49 t 0 T 2 White clover ( pur cwt . ) .. .. 47 7 ,.
Kiineseud ( per last ) mr oa wpcsewMper last ) £ 26 28 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 7 s to 11 s ; white 7 » to los , ' Tares , ( per bushel ) , spring , Gs . ; winter , os . to Cs . 0 d . Linseed cakes ( per luuo ot'Slb each ) £ 11 to £ Vi
FOUEIGN Q 1 UIN . Shillings per Quarter , Free . In Uond . Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 63 extra 70 .. 4 ( i — 59 Ditto ditto .. 54 — 61 .. 44 — 52 l omeraiiian , & (! ., Anlialt 58 — 63 .. 44 — J 2 Danish , Holstein , &c . .. 54 — 61 .. 42 — 48 Russian , hard .. .. _ Ditto , soft .. .. 55 — 5 S .. 39 — 48 Spanish , hard ,. „ _ Ditto , soft .. .. 58 - 62 .. 44 - 51 Odessa&Taganrog . hanl _ Ditto , soft .. .. 53 — 58 .. 39 — 43 Canadian , hard .. . _
Ditto tine .. .. 58 — 60 Rye . Russian , Prussian , < fce . — tturlo .. Grinding 23 — 2 li Ditto , distilling .. .. 2 s _ 30 .. 18 - 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , brew aud thick .. 25 — 27 ,. V 0 21 Russian -u _ 4 , 5 „ jy _ ~ > q Danish & Mecklenburg '» 4 _ •»« is _ - 'i Beans . Ticks , 33 to 38 , small .. 3 « _ 40 .. 28 — 36 Egyptian 33 _ 33 .. 2 ii - 30 1 ' eiiR .. \\ lute , 32 to 43 , gray .. 3 y _ 30 Flour .. Dantsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , iine 3 »
M , superfine .. .. 32 _ 34 ,. 22 - 28 Cunada , 3 u to -33 , United States 32 — 35 .. 26 — 28 Buckwheat „ 30 _ 32 „ ^ i — 2 s
FOREIGN SEED 3 , &u . Per Quarter . Lmseea .. Petersburgh and Riga ( free of duty ) .. 42 to 43 Archangel , 40 to 45 , M emel and Konigsbevg 39 49 Mediterranean , 40 to 48 , Odessa .. 42 4-t Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per list .. .. £ 24 28 \ lcil Clover ( 10 s per ewt . and 5 per emit , ou the duty ) 49 ei White ditto 47 70 Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 40 to 44 . large . ' . 41 SO Linsesd cake ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 6 10 s , £ 7 , French , per to" £ , ; 0 , £ 7 10 Rape cakes ( frea of duty ) £ 5 lo £ 5 13 ^ and 5 \>< . r cent , on th „• du ' . j . j AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from thfc 2 nd to the 8 th or April . ¦ Whtai Barley , Oats . liye . Beam Peas . Week widingj St d > Sl d > Sl <^ - d- »¦ ^ s . fl , Feb . 21 , 184 ( i .. [ S 5 0 2 I > 11 21 6 , 12 It ) 34 9 34 Week ending I Feb . 2 S , 134 ti .. 54 6 29 7 21 a ' 33 4 34 2 35 * Week ending } , Mar . 7 , 1846 .. ; 54 10 29 3 21 10 33 6 34 11 33 » Week ending i Mar . 14 , 1810 .. ! 54 3 29 4 ! 21 0- 34 2 35 2 34 !> Week endingi Mar . 21 , 184 t ; .. i 55 1 29 111 22 0 ' 33 10 ; 34 4 33 t Week ending I Mur . 28 , 1846 .. 55 5 30 2 22 1 . 34 o ! 35 0 33 3 Aggregate aver . j I age of the last six weeks .. 54 11 29 8 j 21 n ! 33 7 ; 34 9 34 1 London aver- j ages ( ending ! | I Mar . 81 , | 1846 ); fiO 2 32 8 j 23 C 5 a 5 } S 3 10 39 S Duties .. .. j IS 0 9 u : 6 0 . 9 fit 3 . 6 8 6
#Omp $Toimnfl«& 4tn,.A.'M« Mm»»M*Mf≪I.
# omp $ toimnfl « & 4 Tn ,. . ' « mM »» m * Mf < i .
Untitled Article
* Referring to the information given to the Austrian government by Lord Aberdeen . —E . P . J . t Exoria ( a Greek word , signifying exile , banishment ) is the name of the house erected bj the exiled Dr . Savelli , in the district of Covacchiana , and where Nardi . too , was living . X Dante u aboy , the first-born of Dr . Savelli , to whom Nardi was godfather .
$Anfu*Upte' , $Zt.
$ anfu * upte ' , $ zt .
Comstpmrtmtce*
Comstpmrtmtce *
Untitled Article
* The account of the execution was taken from on « one of the daily uauers . —Ed . N . S .
Proclamation [
PROCLAMATION [
Market Tfntdlmenm
Market tfntdlmenm
Untitled Article
Apbil 18 , Ifr" * ^^ _^ THE NORTHERN STAR IT T ^ ' ¦ — ¦ ¦ - ' - » " ¦ " - ¦ » ¦ ¦ ¦
Untitled Article
PROVINCIAL CORN MARKETS . Richmond ( Youksiiiuk ) , Saturday , Apiiil 13 . — We had : i plentiful supply oi ' grain ;« our market today . Tho prices continue much the same . Wheat sold from 5-s . to Ss . Oil . ; oats , &s . to 4 s . od . ; barley , Is . to 4 s . 3 d . ; beans , os . to 5 s . 0 d . pur bushel . Liveupool 'Coks Market , Monday , April 13 .- — With modurate supplies of each article of the trade we continue to experience a yowl general demand , anil tliu stocks of all free grain are diminishing . From abroad , the arrivals comprise a few parcels of Wheat and Flour from the United States , and of Indian Corn from tho Mediterranean . Thjie has been little change in prices since this day week ; the principal business has been in old Whear- of line quality
, of Irish new , and of both these tho market was unusually bare . The sales of sack * and barrel Flour have been to a fair extent . A lew line Irish mealing Oats have brought 3 s . Oil . per 451 bs ., but the demand for them lias . been inconsiderable . Oatmeal has sold on somewhat butter terms , and there are not more than one or t » o good parcels , 011 sale . Th& business in Barley , Beans , ami i ' eas has been confined to retail purchases , but holders show no desire to nivo way in price , lulian Corn , free , lias been in request during the week , and prices have further improved a little ; line white States Corn has been sold at 39 s . to 40 * . and yellow at JJCs . to 33 s . per 4 S 0 lbs . There lias been no ^ isp sit ion towards Grain and Flour , under bond , and the quotations are merely nominal .
Manchester , April 11 . —But little animation baa been apparent in the Fl"ur trade during the week , and in , the value of any description except in inferior and unknown marks , which might have been purchased on comparatively low terms , no material alteration in prices occurred . Oats and . . Oatmeal , beingm scanty supply , met a steady sale at Hilly the previous currency . At our market this nuiiniiig a tolerable extent of business was transacted in Wheat at the full rates of this day se ' night , and , in som& instances , prime supplies were held fur a slight advance . Choice qualities of Flour were in steady though not extensive request at former prices ; but other kinds were extremely difficult of sale . A fair demand was experienced lor Oats at an improvement of Id . per -i-3 lbs . ; and the best runs of Oatmeal moved off frcelv at 33 s . to 34 s . 6 d .
Wakefield , Thursday . —We liave moderate supplies of ail Grain this- week . There is a thin attendance of buyers owing to m > r market being held off tho usual day . Wheat of . til description meets with , a fair inquiry at the prives of last week . Barley ot " tine quality is ssarce and easy salts , other sorts ave difficult to quh except for grinding purposes . Beans , are rather dearer . Oateand shelling eaek in tolerable demand ,, withoui alteration in value . Mait linn . STATE OF TRADE .
Manciiestseii . !—TUere is little of novelty to be' obscrvediu wir . repoifcof the state ot the market thii week , as sompared with the last . The extent of business i * still limited , but we may notice the gradualimof a .-bettur leeling ,. owing as well to thfe scttlemsnt ot ' ntfiiirs bi the east as to tne satisfac ' . oiy advices- from the United States * Prices il » ne-t vary from cc * r last % uotiitivus . Lekd » . —The Woeiletv tirade oX th ' » town ami neighbourhood lmmaius Liimueh tUe same state of
quietness as- we have had to report for some time pasi . Until , the % uestu . \ a " What is to be done with , thra now railway schemes . ? " is answered , and the liisli Coercion Bill , and the New Tariff , are passed bto law , —if tWy ar « to be , ot winch there ave some few w . k > entertain grave doubts—no Material change n tho demand , tor oar lnanutacturea is looked for . 1 As we have repeatedly stated , stocks are not low , and , with the care manifested by nun chants , as well as manufacturers , they are not likely to increase muck . Prices unaltered .
i 1 u » j > ku 8 vikli ) . —There was another very quiet market here on Tuesday , and not much businc-SA done , especially in the llull . There was a slight decline in the prices of somo description ^ of goods , which , as now anticipated , have reached theiv level . The stocks of desirable goods are but small , although in low qualities there has been a slight accumulation during the past month . BiuDFoitu . —We are sorry to say that the staple trade of this town continues in a very depressed state . The Yarn department is in a shocking condition , lor although much has been done , by limiting the supply , to « et prices to a remunerating point , the endeavour has as yet failed of accomp lishing its object . For Wools there is little demand , but the prices remain tirm . Bu t a small amount o » sales were effected in the piece market on lhiusilay , aud prices were a shade lower than on the previous mur . kct day .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), April 18, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1363/page/7/
-