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Fatal Accident in the London Docks—On Mon-
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< EfesgEBBgB = ' Mlt- OASTLER'S LKTTEKS . THE POLITICAL ECONOMISES . TO THE E » 1 » R OF THE HORSING . POST . Sib—In my two last letters I eudcavoured to Drove ' how very far the scientific tea chers of political economy were from bein * masters of the philosophy ihey professed to demonstrate . Fram t ^ eir owu works I proved that Adam Smith . Malthas , and M GulU ch declared their inability to prove the truth tif their own theory ; they one and all confess tint the subject , is bfj vond their compvehenision— "It is not , perlir , pi , altogether evidejt " ( Adam Smith ) : there is " something else" wantins to complete the arsurcent ( Malthnsf ; " it is . indeed , quite obvious tiiat it admits of no satisfactory solut : o-. " ( tt * Cuilo « s } . I thiEk , also , tlisi 1 have proved , if the scheme of Hicardo \ rere adopted , tha r « suit would iuevitabsyoe , that Great Britsta would no laager te the scat or - ^¦^ - ^^^^^¦¦¦ MWWM ^ » SB ^^ BBtrj >
manKtacmre . , -f 3 f there be say broken link in my ^ . " * asy error in my quotations-if any ^^ Tu from the presrists-let it ba proved . I f ™ , ^ * conviction , ^ iicn shown tow at tau . t . If , ™«™™ £ there be ne flaw in the cfenin rfBTf ** "" ^ uoktion-no mistake in thededucUon lhen lhave Istablislied the fact ( to prove wh . eh «^ roy aun )_ the astounding fact , fee < w - *" ., " * *** Km ** vnwarraalahk , revolted on the auO <> r iui of those who declare ifc ** fa » *> ** *> aiOkoraes , asidhfoactoiowk < & ™^' i >' i l .. , Robert 1 \ 1 confesses to
I haw shown that Sir * lave been convinced by the reasoning of one who declares his determination not to reason—one who refere his followers to the demonstration of a man who confesses he cannot demonstrate—in fact , 1 have proved tint the Prime Minister of a country which has . under the system of Protection , attained the hi » hcstposition " ever arrived at by any nation in the -world , has ventured to change and revolutionise the -whole system of that nation ' s commerce , without having any authority , any reason , or any example , on which to found nis new theory ! If 1 have not demonstrated the folly of that Minister , and of all who have been his instruments , 1 am mistaken . _ _ .
J ? . » w , Sir , as I believe that the only reason for Sir 3 L Peel ' s change of commercial policy 13 the "superstitions veneration in which the name of Adam Smith is held by-Mr . Cobdsn and his followers , and the false notion that Adam Sinith has proved the princip les of Free Trade to be ^ sound and true ; having demolished the latter assumption , by Adam Smith himself , it may not be amiss to give you the opinion of the highest authority among our Free Trade statesmen on the unsoundness of the theory taught by Adam Smith . Surely , after that proof of the "loose hypothesis" of Adain Smith , Mr . Cobden -will regret having misled Tin League , by the announcement that " Adam Smith had so clearly demonstrated" the soundness ef Fre e Trade principles , that ail further discussion " should , therefore , i » sedulously avoided as supererogatoryyand calculated oalv to mystify a plain and unembarrassed
question . I have heard Mr . Cobden . in the House of Commons , adnsa the Protectionists " to usa their heads , and not to be led awav by the feelings of their hearts . " The authority " I am about to produce is one who , I am persuaded , Mr . Gobden himself will admit to have been guided by the head . Perhaps Mr . Gobden will confess , when he reads the opinion of the late Mr . Francis Horncr on the " loose hypothesis" of Adam Smith , that lie has entirely mistaken the nature of Adnm Smith ' s " demonstration " of the science of political economy . I hope that > ir Robert Peel will also admit t ?> at he has committed a very great error by assuming that Mr . Cobden has , ¦" by his appeals to reason , " established the truth of free-trade prin-nnles .
It may be well io state , that , in the beginning o *" the present century , the rising statesmen of the day thought it essential to direct their most serious attention to the study of political economy , in order that the subject might be opened and argued in Par-Jiairent , more perfectly and More successfully than it had previously been , A knowledge of this science ¦ was , in facti ithought to be the great necessity of the age . A school was accordingly founded in Edinburgh ; the Rev . Sydney SmUb , ~ Mr . Brougham , Mr . Franci > Bonier . Mr . Jeffrey , and Air . Dugald Stewart were among the earliest students .
Mr . Hiiskisson , who afterward ? directed the commercial policy of the empire ( and who lived to regret , the advances he had made towards Free Trade ) , bein ? without that full scientific knowledge necessarv for the management of the great questions that would necessarily arise ia Parliament during the discussions on our commercial policy , awaited with anxiety the advent of Francis Homer in Parliament as the first scion of the Edinburgh school . It would seem that the members of the school directed 'heir first attention to the study of " The "Wealth < . i Xations . " In the msmous of ilr . Homer , composed by Mr . llorner , and , since his death , published by his brother , he has given a very interesting ( and . at This moment , a mast valuable ) sketch of the pnwrrcssafhisstudies , and of the impression made on his mind , by an csaminaii >* n of the existing sta e of the science , as propounded by Adam Smith in " The Wealth of Nations . "
Mr . Col-dsn cannot pretend to have brought a better "head" to the investigation—ho will not say that lie has displayed more Industry and iierccverance in the study of Adam Smith , than Mr . Horuer . II ' ca :: nota- < -= iaiie thai Ms GBiiiion Js more lo be relied on than Mr . llorsier's . Sir Robert Peel must ackanvleJgc thai Mr Horner was a man whose judgment carries more authority—whose reasoning jicjiversareoiaiii ^ aeror .- ' er—ih : t » those of Mr . Cobdeu . If there wore one lnao pre-eminently qualified to form a correct judgment of the merits of Adam Smith's '' Wealth . *} " Nations . " it was most umleliisbly Mr . Francis llorner . Ik has left bis oiiinion on record . What this opinion Is . the following extracts irora his menu -ins testify . I commend them to the -crkms c-: i : si
We ( ihe studtnts of the E « JInour ^ h School Political Economy ) have litea under tiie liecessuy of suspending our progress in the perusal « f " The Wealth of Sations , " on account of the iasu . rntfmntaVladijflciities , obtcurilu , and CTitamissEienls in ic ' iici (/ tc raifOiiiiijs of fftfijifift cAflj )?« r are u&olcci . It is a ::: usin ^ to m-oliect the history of ontj fef linss in * matter of this kind . Many years ago , ¦ wusn I rtad * The Wealth of Sjitions , " the wlioie of the £ rst 2 ? ook appeared t * t roe as perspicuous as it was iu ~ ter- stinr and Kiir . Some time aftcrtrar
XOKINA 1 . and heal ] irice . ihedUcozcry thv . t / had not understood SstiSi , speedValcd me todonUickcUier Smitk widerstOTtlJtaafe 1 / , ami 1 tlioujht I saw the price of labour was the saui * sort of tfciut ! as the pi'iea uf any other commoaitr ; hntUiediscassirinicaslGoliaTdforme , and I fled to something more agreeable , because more ea « y . It is then quite clear that in the judgment of Mr . Fra » cis llorner ( if the Free-traders cau rofer me to a hiaheraiuhorky 1 shall be obliged to thani ) Adam Smith bad not demonstrated " t ! ie real measure of value , " nor " the distinction between nominal and real j ^ riee . " lias Mr . Garden done so ? No . lie refers to Adnm Smith . lias Sir Robert Peel ? No , lie relies <* u Mr . Goiidcs . Well , then , the truth isthat . In perfect ignorance of the fumia ; nental principle of the science « f j »(» lltleal economy , ih « Legislatnr-i his pss ed a measare of the most important eharaeter , as ba-irinjf oa all oar avrlcu'turaJ , maisufaetiirlnz . cotKincrcia ' , «« d . isonewry intcre-ts . for
^ : » etli ? r for weal or woe , nose of ilie supjmrters « f that me . -isurs c = iti tell . Had Sir Robert Peel mastere : l the study <; f tuc science of politiwilocnnonjy , Jie wwid n « thavel »? en igaomnt of the results of liis i : wn ini- ; isars . as-hi nuw declares himself to be . Fnlureliiitorians willeeaiecly before that the dearest i-iisi-ys-sof this powerful nutian Jiavo been ieftta the award of so muchiaiaranca . They will scarcely crciHt the fact , that inia ' uation could have pruceedet ! to fiueh extravagant limaths—still more will they marvel , that the agents in these in-sanapmjsictsivere . jMzr excellence , the thinker—ihc long headed philnsophers ( !) of the age . who { . tuulicii at iheir opponents and constantly exhorted xh « n " to use their heads . " A few words from Mr . Fr-mcls Homer ( him the p hilosophers mustlisten v >) u .-ay he axsfu ! lo Mr . Coisdcn and his dupes—Ircgrer-Tt ? mun&cr Sir Robert Peel in that class—he , Jiotrever , has placed himself there ! Mr . Hornerwrsies-
—An indirect application was lerxic- U > me to furnish a Bet of notes for % new edition of- "Simtirs flTeaifit vt Nations ; " this , of course , I declined , btcauif I hsvc otfitr things to attend to ; eveniflhadiaeji jirepar .-dforfuch an unaertakiug , which I certainly aai not jet , / XSMhl he rtiuclantto expose Smith ' s emorsBEFOSEljs wort had optioi ^ iUfull effect . We owe much atf-restut to thetu } iersUlums worship of Sxutifsname , and we must iioi impair that / cdiaff till the victory is complete . It would seem that a great hcax was to be played
in the name of Smith , and that " the enlightened p iiiiosojihers" were no more than priests of Smith , carrying on their deceptions on the people , by en-CGUf ' -isin ^ " the snpei-stitious worship of Smith ' s name ! " Nor was this false " worship " to fee discontinued " till the victory was complete ! " These words of llorncr explain much , of the marvellous which has astounded the public in these later days . They aiFonl matter of deep consideration for the politician , the philosopher , and the Christian ! Oae word more on Smith by Horner : —
Until we can give a eorrtel and precise theory of the » afi < re and origin of tosalUi , Jits ( Adam Smith ' s ) popular , ffewiWe and loose htfotiiesis is . as good fob tije VL'i . dB is AST OTDEK . Such was the estimate of the raostfinished student in the Freo-traile school—of AdamSmiihJ ^ Surely , Jfc is needfal that we ask , why all our Jnieresfs fhaultl be risked on ihe delusive and mad dreams oi oae whose theory is so "loose and plausible" as to
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deserve no better name than a trap . Jfor- " the vulgar ! " -- ¦ ¦ - ' * llow strange that " the most powerful , accomplished , and enlightened statesman of the age —bir Robert Peel—ihould have beeVTc&ught in the trap , set only for the " vulgar !" . _ th&t U should have mistaken a " loose hynothe ^ is" for sound principle !" Qow melancholy that the most important interests Of the wealthiest an ^ i most powerful nation should thus have been unsettled « ndjeopardised ! On such irra . t » mal premises an entire change has been made in sll our agneultural , manufacturin ? , and rommereial affairs , although it is acknowledged by all , tuatv andw tbesijrsfcem of Protection , we hare risen / in the scale of nations , to the highest pinnacle of power and weaith I
Strange as it may appear , onr established and « acccssful commercial system haa been revolutionised by those who are utterly unable to demonstrate "the real measure of value" —who do not know " tbe distinction between nominal and real price "—who are not , in feet , aware that low priced corn may make very dear bread . If I am asked why I Have attempted to demonstrain the extreme unsoundness of Sir Robert Peel's promises , and the folly of his '' great and
comprehensive measure . " I answer , I have been told by some Members of Parliament , that '' they do not pretend to understand the question , lut Sir Robert Ped does ; and , although they fear the measure will bo most injurious , thejr have voted for it , retyitig , acainst their own opinions , entirely on the superior hnouledge of Sir Robert Peel !" I have therefore felt it to be my duty to prove to those misgui- ' ed men , that Sir Robert Peel has used no argument or demonstration—that they have been following a blind euide .
I have endeavoured 'o avoid any expression that might- give offence . I have not appealed to the prejudices or feelings of your readers . I have addressed myself to the head , not to t&e heart . In thu = ; treating the subject , I have followed Mr . Cobdcn ' s advice . Granted , it is dry—very dry—the philosophers will not , on that account , despise my logic . I have demonstrated & fact—I have shown the utter weakness of their position . They have presented no proof ! There they are—Peel relying on Cobilen—Cobilen trusting to Adam Smith—Adam Smith refuging to sustain the argument—and Francis llorner asserting that the whole thing " is a loose hypotkesi .-, as good for the vulgar as any other ! " And this , after all the labour , exertions , sacrifices , and saltations of the League ! They are
thus proved ( on the testimony of their most talented supporter—Francis Horner ) to be themere " superstitious worshippers of the name of Smith !" The subject is all important ; though late , it is not too late to reonest the solemn and earnest attention of the Legislature and the public to the extremely loose and unsatisfactory premises on which the most important of our national interests have been jeopar > dised . It is due to those who have , against thtir own convictions , supported Sir Robert Peel , that that statesman should prove , if he cap . his superior knowledge an this matter . He may , if he can , show that I have erred in my statement or in my deduction . If , without such proof , the national interests are still to be subject to the game of chance , I shall ha satisfied that I have done my duty in attempting to stav the ruin of ray country .
If , however , there are those who are resolved to rescue the nation from the destructive effects of "the greatand comprehensive measure , " it will be needful that they should adopt such measures as are calculated to remove the delusion under which tbe Legislature are labouring . What those measures should be , it would be presumptuous in me to dictate . Time presses—delays are dangerous . If success is to crown our efforts , no time should bo lest . 1 am , Sir , Youra respectfully , Richard Oastlkb . London . July 14 , 184 G . N . B . —The study of the BjUe , and of the fundamental principles of the British constitution , would be most nseful in dispelling the mists of error raised bv false philosophy . R . 0 .
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Letieb II . Sin—I have demonstrated that the ' principles of Free Trade have not beea established by the man on whom Mr . Cohden relies ^ -Adam Smith , It is very easy for Sir James Graham to assert that , " the principles of Free Trade are the principles of comm n sense , " or that Sir R . Peel should declare , that "they are sound principles , known to be i < -ref ragable . " It is , however , impossible that either of those right honourable baronets can name the statesman , the author , or the agitator who has proved them so to be . Is it not , then , a duty that they owe to themselves and their followers , to establish , by argument , wbat they have ventured to assert ?
A schoolboy may repeat , " We must buy at the cheapest market and sell at the dearest ; " hut it will require the sagacity of an old schoolmaster to prove that the lowest priced market is always the cheapest , or t ' aat the highest priced market ia invariable tbe dearest . These and such like , mere clap-trap , expressions , are , as yet , the only arguments that have been furnished to prove the nece-sity , or the wisdom , of overturning the principles on which our commercial code was founded—they seem , however to be thought , by our modern statesmen " as good for the vulgar as any other . " Well might Francis Homer say , " We owe much to the superstitious worship of Smith ' s name ! " No wonder that he added , " We must koi impair tiiat FEKUSO TILT . THE VICTORY IS C 0 . MPI . ETE . "
Smith ' s work "hasnow operated its full effect "his " errors" have been received as truth—and thus lias folly triumphed under the sanction of " the most powerful and most enliubtencd statesman of tbe a « e ! " Enraptured by the " loose hypothesis" of Adam Smith , Mr . Cobden resolved to propagate the '' superstitious worship of liia name ;"—he determined to secure the " victory" proposed by Francis llorner for the " vulgar . " In his pamphlet entitled , "England , Ireland , and America , " Mr . Cobden says—We hare our fianksian , our Linnxan , our ITunteriau societies , and why should not , at least our greatest commercial and manufacturing towns , have their Smitbian societies , derated to the purpose of promulgating the 6 enefaeat truths of "The Wealth of Nations V
Four years after that appeal , " The Anti-Corn LawLeaene" wasformed ; not long afterwards '' The Free Trade Hall" was erected in Manchester , as a temple in which " the superstitious worshippers of the name of Smith " might assemble to promulgate the doctrine of his " plausible and loose hypothesis . " The Uigh Priest ef that '' superstitions worship " hns at last succeeded— ' tbe victory is complete "and he has dragged at the wheels of his triumphal car Commons , Lords , Bishops , and Queen ! ' We are now all expected to baw with reverence to
the spirit of Free Trade!—to receive for truth the " loose hypothesis of Adam Smith "—and , forsaking the worship of the true God , we are to join the tbronE of the " superstitious worshippers of tbe name of Smith , " who are , for the moment , in the ascendant ! In vain we ask ivhy we are to believe in this " loose hypothesis ? " We implore that argument may be afforded ; all are deaf to our entreaties , We arc officially assured that "the loose hypothesis" is ' common sense" — that it is " sound principle , known to be irrefragable 1 "
Seein g , then , that no argument will or can be gfren , I shall endoaveuv to test" the soundness of Free Trade principles . " hy the declared axioms of those who stand foremost in the ranks of Freetraders—those who are relied on as authorities by the League . From those declared principles , I may be enabled to discover the spirit of Free Trade , and try that spirit , if it be of . < Jod—if it be really " benefioent . " Tiie Free-traders have no ri ? ht to find fault , if ( in the absence of any argument of theirs ) I try to sift from their apostles what it is they are about . Tliey
Garnish their speeches with much that is " beneficent "—they profess to be the friends of the artisans , the labourers , and the poor . They would have all believe tha £ their object is , the universal renevation of man- ; -that their great aim is , to unite all in one common brotherhood , under the Christian maxim , * ' Do unto others as y * u would that they should do unto vou . " Let us gainer , then , w&at is the spirit which pervades these ^ "friends of the human race . " I shall not inquire of tliefr enemies—I will receive no evidence but from their friends—their avowed and acknowledged feiends .
The poor have ao right to & . teat at nature's feast—no claim upon the coaimuuity fo ? ihe imallu £ t portioii of food . —ilaUhus . Every permanent fund set apart for the support of the poor , from whomsoever procending , and by whomsoever administered , must needs multiply dike evils it is dustiucd to remedy . —Brouyham . Our passion for accumulation , our inextinguishable passion for gain , has no limits , —MCvMoch . To give our capital a / air remuneration , the price of Jahour most be kept down . — -Jlnskisson . The condition of the man \ viio Ii ; is to eoaipete with a cheaper , better , or more rapid siode of production , Must ob deteriorated . —Bawring . The employer of labour is entitle ] to avni ! I .-impcIf . nf ALL CIKCDMSTANCES by Which he , Can KEDUC £ the vallluot ' labour . —ISdVor of Morning Chronicle .
Be he farmer or be he labourer—what is it that makes him valuable to those above him ! It is competition . Bishop of Oxford . Such , Sip , ara a few of the axioms of ( he cj-estapostles oi" Free Trade I To the spirit which imim-i hem Mir Conservative Government hag yielded J It h by that spirit ( antes we arouse oursclvi' 3 to bid ii di-fianco , } that we : m : h ? ncctbrih to be governed-How contrary to the spirit of Christianity—to tinspirit of this Ctv , ; :, liiution—is the spirit of Free Trade . I would solemnly ask your readers—Shall the finest and noWest feelings of our nature be outraged
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—shall the most authoritative commands of our holy religion be violated—shall England be uncivilised , and her religion abandoned , because Philosophy has discovered that selfishness is a virtue—that the profits of capital are more sacred than the just reward of labour—that man is only valuable to those above him ; when competing against his brother man —nay , that the imnge of God shall be , " deteriorated by competition with iron , worn ) , and steam ?" . If the Clergy and the Arl > t «> cracy are so far decelerated , as to surrender their rights to the dominion and conhvl of a spirit so sordid—I will turn me to the industrious inhabitants , the working population of that portion of the country which Mr , Bright says , " must aovern the nation , Lancashire , the cotton district , and the West Riding of York , " I will ask those men to read with care and attention the extracts above quoted , and Bay—ia not tbe author thereof the spirit of the " unregulated " factory system ?
T&e tact that Messrs . Cobden and Bright oppose all legislative interference in factories — that the free-traders have ever done so—is a proof that the spiritof Free Trade is as clearly exhibited , in practiee , in the old unregulated factories , as it is , in theory , in the foregoing unsocial and unchristian
oms . I need not tell the manufacturing operatives what are the workings of thatspirit . We have succeeded in mitigating a portion of its rigour and cruelty—we have made a step in the right direction—but if its demands are to be circumscribed by reason , justice , and equity , we must advance much farther ! Shall we then bow to the uncontrolled power of thatspirit , and unloose the regulations which have been obtained at so much cost and sacrifice ? Or , shall we endeavour , by every lawful means , to limit the power of that spirit , and thus stay its universal dominion ?
If we yield , then we shall be driven back to those horror * that were the features of the factory system , before there was any legislative interference!—when "the passion for gain" indulged itself in the " cheap labour" of the unfortunate children from the metropolitan and other workhouses—who were transported to the factory districts — and there ( banished from parents and friends ) were subjected to such tortures , such agonizing and unheard-of cruelties , as never before—either on black or whitewere inflicted on human beings ! I do not exaggerate the records of the unregulated factories exceed m
cruelty those of black slavery ! And why ? The white slaves could be replaced at less cost than ( Ire black slaves , consequently , " gain" being the only object of their employers— " cheapness" being their idol—the poor victims were clothed , boused , and fed , more like swine than human beings ; their labour was only limited by their power to move ; every painful stimulant that cruelty could invent being applied to prevent their sleeping while at work ! With these most astounding facts before them , Mr . Cobden , Mr . Bright , and their colleagues of the League , deprecate legislative interference !
It is nonsense to tell me " those are bygone crimes . True , the monster of selfishness has been curbed by law ; but the principle of the League is to unfettev him— "torestore his power to torment , tobrutalise , to slay ! " and , remember , he now rules triumphant over Queen , Bishops , and Lords . He has only one barrier left—his slaves . 1 warn them . Mr . Cobden and Mr . Bright may try to smooth down his ugly features—the latter may ( as I have heard him in the House of Commons ) sneer at Ins " Billy rollers "—( would that the forms of " the house" would have permitted me to reply )—it is my duty to show his veal character . They ( Mr . Cobden and Mr . Bright ) would leave the wolf and
the lamb to make their own bargains and arrangements ! They would not have " tlie employer and the employed to be interfered with . " I know the nature of such " mutual contracts . " I have seen their effects in sorrows , in woes that are indescribable ! Why do not these philanthropists of the League , for very shame—build hospitals for their cripples . Thousands of them are now kept by the rates ! Surely a part of their countless wealth might be thus applied ! But no , neither factory cripples , nor maimed , nor mill-made orphans , nor widows , are cared for by them—these "have made their own bargains "—they and the parishes—are paying the penalty !
I ask the operatives of that district which is to govern the nation ? " —to reflect on the horrors of the factory system , even after the " apprentices" were protected from the cruelties of their Free-trade taskmasters , by law , and « ay , shall we suffer the more recent restrictions on the factory masters to be rescinded , or strive to limit the labour of factory workers to the ability of rational creatures ? I have not forgotten the cruel demands made upon the factory workers by "that passion for accumulation , that inextinguishable passion for gain , that has no limits "—by that spirit of " competition" that resolved to make the factory slaves " valuable to those above them . " I have witnessed how men , women , and children were " deteriorated" ( for want of
protection ) , when made "to compete with a cheaper , better , or more rapid mode of production ! " I ask the factory workers . if the Lords and Bishops are dismayed by the power of unrestrained and unregulated " competition "—Are they disposed to prostrate themselves before the spirit to whose cruelties they have once been the victims ? Do they —( if they do / do not)—t ! o they forget the labour of mere infants five , six , and seven years old , male and female , working from twelve to eighteen hours a day ? Walking through frost and snow some miles to work and home ! Sometimes riot even allowed a moment for meals . Are the tears of those poor infants no longer remembered ? God has not forgotten them ; nor how they were tortured to keep them awake at their killins labour , by heavy blows from fists , and kicks
from feet with heavy clogs , and stripes from thongs with naila inserted to make them cut more keenly ; or how they were seized by the hairand dashed upon the factory floor , or ^ ere thrown into a tub of cold water to make them start from sleep ! God has Hot forgotten the hundred schemes of torture invented and practised under the reign of that demoniacal spirit which now rules the governors of this so called Christian land ! 1 have seen the backs of infants ploughed with the factory strap ! I have wept over the bleeding scalp , torn by the rude hand of the overlooker ! I have held the severed locks of infancy thus cruelly riven from the quivering scalp ! Can we ever forget the weary infants unable to travel homewar' —laying in the lanes—or carried by their elders—being , when arrived at home , unable to masticate their food for very weariness—nay , even dying of excessive toil !
And then the morals of the unrestrained factory system ! It is lawful to describe the immoralities of black slavery—those of the factories are not to be rehearsed ! else I couid tales unfold that would msike the worst of the black slavers congratulate himself that his plantation is not a factory ! Sir , I o not over-colour the vices of the system ; I have been present when a black slave owner has exclaimed in the presence of factory masters , under their admissions , "Till now I thought to be a slave holder was to be of the most degraded class—but I am thankful we are nof . as bad as 3 ou are !" Well , then , I ask the men who know of what I write—shall we yield to that fell 3 pirit ? If the Bishops and Lords are silent , I have mistaken the men of Yorkshire and Lancashire if no voice answers , "We have tried the spirit—we know its cruelty , and are resolved to restrain its murderous arm !"
Am I asked why I thus write ? My answer is , The League has opposed itself to factory regulation ! I demand restraint . I have been told , too , that the League has deceived Lord Ashley . A friend of his Lordship informed me that the Secretary of the Ltagm assured Lord Ashley that "if his Lordship would support Free Trade , the League would support the Ten Hours' Factory Bill . " Messrs . Cobden and Bright were , in Parliament , its most strenuous opponents ! Thus is llie League the enemy of the Ten Hours ' Bill . That is wiiy ( the Lords and Bishops being silent ) I address those who Mr . Bright says " must govern the nation . " I am . Sir , Yours respectfully , RlCllAUD OASTIilSII .
P-S . —It is time that tho Protectionists told the people what arc tlieir principles . The League are for unlimited , unrestrained freedom in labour and trade . I am for a well regulated and protective system They would make foreign . trade the rule , and home trade the exception . I assert the converse , being persuaded that the only safe path to domestic peace and happiness , is to acknowledge home trade as the rule , foreign tmde as the exception , always remembering our colonial , is part of our home trade . What say the Protectionists ? R . O . *
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Lettes III . Sir , — "It is of no use attemptisi ? to go back ; Fi'ec-lraile principles are now established , and wt must go forward . " Such is the declaration of persons who fancy that error may lead to truth . 1 find many , who arc alarmed at the Jast decision of the Legislature , imbibing this notion . I was conversing with a com . ty Member , a Conservative , who did not " rat" wifh Sir Robert Pea . ' , and it was in those very words that he addressed me . lie admitted that , in lijsrtpinion . iMuiinenidangei ' to all out 1 national incrcsts was involved in tiie onward movement ; but \ ii onuhl toe i * . o possible chance of arresting it . When
I talked about principle , he smiled and said , "Principle , Oastlei ' . * it is novel thought of now ;—expediency—anything to g ; ii » a majority . We should k JauuliP'l down in the House were we now to talk al m-ji principle on any question . " I left the Con-Hurv . jlivo ( r-iucniticr ,. sir , I am an old-fashioned Tory ) . : md fell in with a Pcelice—an old friend , of 7 / hoiii I h « d hoped belter thine ? . " Well . " said I . " and whsji
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Robert avowedly pins his faith on Mr . Cobden , Mr . pobden on Adam Smith , and Adam Smith tells you h cannot answer . " My friend said , " I am surethe c onsumer will be benefited ; but how it , will fare with V producer I cannot tell > I fear the producer wu have the worst of it . " " Then , " said I , " it is clear you will impoverish the industrious producer to enrich the idle consumer . " " I fear we shall , but , really , I do not understand the question . " So spoke one , who , I should have thought , would have been the very last man in " the House" to have been led blindfoldeither by Sir Robert Peel or any one else .
, Well , I next met an ardefit Free-trader—one who lm < J written and spoken on tke subject many years before'Mr . Cobden's name was known to fame . __ lie seemed vexed that Mr . Cobden should have received so much praise , and mentioned several ( among the rest , Colonel Thompson ) , who , he said , " had done much more , and made greater sacrifices for Free-Trade than Mr . Cobden . " On ir-y asking him what would be the result of the Free-trade scheme , he candidly replied , " Wecan none of us tell , it is a great experiment . Whether it is for good or evil will be proved by time . " _ _ __ ¦
Tho above remarks , I make no doubt , exhibit the present state of mind of the majority of persons composing the three sections of the Legislature to which those individuals respectively belong . Being friends of mine , they spoke without restraint or reserve—in " tlie House" they would , perhaps , have been more guarded ; there , however , their statements being deprived of candour , would have lost their value . Now Sir . I would ask you , have we not cause , as a nation , for deep humility and unfeigned regret , when we find the most momentous questions , involving the weal or woe of every clnss among us , thus trifled with ? When we see our national interests committed to the arbitration of those who
decide without being convinced , believing that some one else better informed upon the subject than themselves has solved the problem ? or to such as fancy they comprehend the subject , without being able to form a conception of its effects ? orof those who deem that the whole principle of the measure they oppose is founded in error , and perauade themselves that it is in vain to hope for the triumph of truth , and so give themselves up to despair ? I wish it were certain that this state of mind , so much to be deplored , was confined to the members of the Legislature . I fear that the s ; entlemen to whom I have referred but Itoo faithfully pourtray the feelings and opinions of those whom they
represent . What then is the cure for this national disease ? How can the nation be aroused from this nightmare ! These , Sir , are questions that must be answered , if Englnnd is to preserve her rank among tbe nations of the . earth . It is not t » y duty to answer them . I look to those whom rank , intellect , and education have elevated io the proud eminence of leaders . I have proved the utter weakness of the philosophy
of the Free-tvade school . I have shown that all is mist , perplexity , and confusion in the mind of the " philosophers . " I ham demonstrated the utter ignorance of those who . W-Vthe House , " prate , " Use your heads ! " I have exhibited the cruelty of the spirit that pervades the " Liberal" p rinciples of this age . I could prove its disorganising influences on society ; but enough ; I have , I hope , convinced the confiding dupes of Sir Robert Peel , that he himself is no Solan—that the most clever statesman of the age has actually been caught in the trap set exclusively for the " vulgar !"
So far , then , I have done my duty . Let those who hone to steer the vessel of State through this storm and mist show—How . I am Sit * , yours , respectfully , ' Richard Oasthjr . London , July ( 1846 . P . S . There is " no mistake" about those whom Mr . Bright says " musfc . govern England . " They arc ever open to the influence of truth . It is for those at the helm to point the way .
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"MR . O'CONNOR AND MR . P . M . M'DOWALI ,. " TO THE EDITOR « P THK NORTHERN STAR . Sib , —In these days of political changes , when agricultural babies are rocked to sleep in the awaddlinjc clothes of " protection to rent , and the good old constitution •" and awake after a disturbed slumber , to the cry of '' Free Trade ; " when working men who used to oppose Free Trade only on ground of expediency , can h 6 ld & conference at Birmirgham , and declare protection tobe " sound in principle ; " when an avowedly Whig ministry talks of borrowing ministers from its predecessors , with us little ceremony as a small fawner would bovrow his neighbour ' s horse tt harvest time—and members of the House of Commons
declare they do not know on which side to sit , 1 think after such an education , sueh a training to change , that the minds of moat men are prepared for strange Psiyipgs , and no'Iess strange doings ; but I must admit , that spite of all , I was not prepared for a statement made by Mr . O'Connor at the evening meetinsr on the opening of the CharttRt Hall at Manchester . Mr . O'Connor ia reported to have said , "Mr . Scholefield is amongst us once more , and Dr . M'Dowall has also buckled on his Chartist armour—( loud and long continued cheering and waving of hats)—and every particle of difference that did exist between us , and those who struggled with us before , must perish and be for ever forgotten . ( Loud cheers . ) The i . 'ncmy is in the field , and we can only be beaten by our own disunion . "
It is not yet two years since Mr . O'Connor , tlie Chartists of Todmorden , Glasgow , Ac , brought grave and heavy charges against Dr . M'Dowall . A tribunal was called at Manchester , for tlie purposeo ( examining the evidence in behalf of these charges . The said tribunal , held in Carpenter ' s Hall , at which Mr . O'Connor waa present , brought in a verdict of " guilty" against Dr . M'Dowall ; resolutions wero pa 3 « ed condemnatory of Dr . M'Dowall , and the Chartists of Great Britain were never more uua .-nimous on any subject than they were in considering and declaring M'Dowall to be a treacherous , dangerous , and bad man . Now , Sir , if tho Chartist body came to such conclusions , after a calm and deliberate examination of facts , I want to know what Dr . M'Dowall has done to entitle him to a renewal of tbe confidence of the Chartist public . Mr . O'Connor informs us that the said M'Dowallhas " buckled on Ills Chartist armour . " All the acts of M'Dowall were
done under the clonk of Chartism ; it was all to serve the movement , and save the people from being deceived by Hint" coward , traitor , and demagoguefi'Gonnor ; " but it so happened that the people thoueht differently , and registered their thoughts by walking M'Dowall out of the movement , something'after the fashion that they are now practising in the case of " Cooper , the Chartist . " Mr . O'Connor , on the plea that we can only be beaten by our own di union , asks us to sink every particle of difference that d' desist between us , and those who struggled with
us . This is a proclamation of amnesty to all the men whom the people in their wisdom tlioughtthey were better without . Woll . if it must be so , wo will have a union of wonderfully honest fellows ; there will be the " Old Chartist , " Mr . Williams , of Sunderland ; Mr . Philp ; Mr . Thomason , the ex pedagogue of tho vale of Lcven ; Mr . O'Brien , of Bentinck notoriety ; Mr . Vincent ; Mr . Lowery ; Mr . A . Duncan , " the man of peace ; " Peter Murray M'Dowall ; Jonathan Bairstow ; John Watkins ; avid the Rev Mr . Hill . Ihope Qrlffin wiUhear of it ; it may 6 e of seruice to Mm . a Whin aouemmentmau want Mm .
The statement of Mr . O'Connor ' s policy contrasts strangely with that of tlie Chnrtists in the case of Cooper . If we are to sacrifice all differences for the sake of ft union , why think of extolling Coopor- from tha movement . Tho people have already done so ; yet Mr . Cooper calls himself " a Chaitist . " Now , suppose Mr . Cooper retires into . private life for eighteen months , ; . t the end of which time he delivers a series of lectures on political subjects . Mr . O'Connor goes down to Manchester , declares Mr . Cooper has " buckled on his armour " —we must forget all the past—Mr . Cooper and Mr . O'Connor are once more friends , and the men of Manchester ( who are novr of opinion that Mr . Cooper is a traitor to their cause ) receive the statement with " waving of hats and loud cheers . " I ask what is public opinion worth in such a Ca ^ 'G % The enemies of Chartism might well call us a " mob . " To court sueh public opinion would be mean ; to fear it would be cowardly .
I can only find the cue to Mr . O'Connor ' s statement in a knowledge of Ills unbounded generosity . X believe him to be capable of forgiving all bis enemies . Such a fueling of benevolence is good in itself ; but when used ndiscriminntely , good men lose a sense of its valuebad men tnka tlu > udvnntnjto of it . I must certainly give Mr . O'Connor credit for one exception to bis general rule of forgiveness ; and that is bis hatred of the Whigs . He will ner « r forgive them for their past actions , and he has good l'fijon not to do so . There is no man in the Chartist movement who will be more willing to co-operate with any honest man , whoto motives may have been misunderstood , and who may have been abused by the people owing to such i \ misunderstanding , than the writer of this lettrr . In such a case I would be proud to acknowledge an error of judgment , nnd endeavour to make- amends for tho injury done .
Hut in all e . 'i . ses where the difference has not arisen 'from ' a misunderstanding , but , on the contrary , from avowed trosiehory , practical niiostacjTt Aon I nslc from the yiarty puuing f ' oi public favour and confidence , an open and public acknowledgment of the crimes of bia past career , as a first step townrrt 6 the gaining of his object ; without which acknowledgment all union will be but a hollow thing , distrustful in its nature : and will , in iny op ' nion , do more to Aestroj a real union of the frieiK's of Chartism th ; tn any ather step I could ( it present think of . T am , yours respectfully , A Member of the Glasgow Branch > •» ' the National
OiuiiTER Association . P . S . —You oiny give my real name to any one desirous of kuowing it , at ; d whom you . Uiink trutlifurfv interested in the success of emocraoi '
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COOPER'S RESOLUTIONS . 70 THE ¦ EDITOR O * THB KOITSEBH 8 TAB . Si * , In reference to the resolutions which it is stated Mr . Cooper the Chartist ! is about to propose to the forth , coming Convention , I would with your kind permission make a few observations . By the nr « t of these missile * it would seem that Mr . Cooper ( if ever he was ) is now unacquainted with Chartist Sentiments and only anxious as a laatpoli'ical source to keep himself before the public . ' Notoriety being ap . parently his hobby no matter at what expen » e to integrity and principle , Mr . Cooper would have the Convention "deplore" the " physical force" acts of parties whose zeal led them on to the sacrifice of thefrlibei ty : he would have the Convention , by deploring , convict themselvBg of a participation in those acts , and were they to " solemnly declare" tlieir " abandonment" and
"disavowal" of them in tbe manner in which it is proposed , theywou'd therby sanction the acts of tho government , and irrevocably seal the door of mercy and justice against the unfortunate exiles , Frost , Williams , and Jones . It is not enough Sir , that the government goaded the people to acts of madness and desperation by its long continued system of misrule , that it puniihed the victims who fall into tho snare which was laid for them , and that It holdi within its iron grasp the personR of men who are and ever will be dear to the people against the voice of public opinion , wittiont having- such a cry raised hy one who shattld be more honest ! He . ' to call en the representatives of labour to denounce labour ' s champions ! Tho Convention of the people to denounce John Frost
and his companions !! And " solemnly promise" to "discountenance" his conduct for the ftrture ! Cooper , Sir , must know and does know that the Cuartista do deplore arid discountenance physical force as much as any mnn living-, but Cooper is mayhap tryiny to pose himself into the faction which is forming , and which has for i t * object the ruin of Chartism . The Convention will , I am confident , treat this resolution as the world will treat its author , when time will have brought with it opportunity for reflection . And no matter whether he takes refuge amongst that faction , or hide 6 himself in "Purgatory , " the voice of public opinion will reach him , even though he should shadow himself under the wing of the last traitor to his country and his cause . Dan , even Dan , cannot save him . - -
The second resolution ought of rig ht to be discussed in the stables of Prince Albert ' s horses ! but as I would not have the Convention to demean themselves by such associations , a , nd as Mr , Cooper insists upon the " tolerance" of the " opinions of others" who can tell but one of those learned animals , whose education cost the people £ 70 , 000 , freight open his sapient mouth , and deliver an oration on the relative value of men and horses . Does Mr , Cooper think because the people cannot climb Parnassus , or because they do not lift their heads above the clouds , erpry into the secrets of "Purgatory , " that they cannot nevertheless understand the language of nature nnd common sense , with its thousand voices ringing In the very vitals of suffering millions ? Are they , because they do not chance to know latin for bread , or Greek for buttermilk , to be branded as "low , " ' vulgar , " " abuRive" and "immoral" characters .
Alas ! poor mortal . The spirit of darkness cannot bear the sunlight , and thus they spit tlieir spite against a little " STAR" light ! " Lucifer was bright" and he would dhine alone , but being eclipsed and punished for his ambition and ingratitude , he , with a spirit of vindictiveness , wages war against everything superior to himself , but cowardlike . wses the mark of virtue and " morality ! " to cover his insidious advances . Genuine Chartism can bear the light , and it matters nnt whether Mr . Cooper ' s vision be unable to bear Star light so long as the people have their eyes open . Tho third resolution is scarcely worth observation , and I will just remark that , as far as I have reason to judge , Mr . O'Connor eannot be spared just now from tnu movement . Nor do I think the people would be quite satisfied , even though an angel came express from heaven to take him .
It is plain , sir , to preserve peace , law , and order , to obtain the Charter morally , educationally , modestly , and genteelly , we must still retain tfae only light left to guide us on our perilous course . And in order to keep peace with sovereign powers , Mr . O'Connor must not be permitted to either ascend or descend from the sphere where he now is at the will or pleasure of nn nmbassndor-extraordinary , whom I have no doubt will be furnished by the convention with his passports to return to . his Government forthwith . Before I close , I would just ask if it be true tbat Mr Cooper has become a member of tbe last new sect ;
they are said to bo a highly patriotic tociety called the Anli . morali )) lyiieiahMMvu Garitonians ; it is further said that their exceeding modesty and astounding philanthropy has induced them to eurtailimore than one-half of the syllables of their name in charity to the ignorant , particularly of the Charlisti , Their address is everywhere , but their honesty and consistency is of necessity so subdivided betwixt the members that you cannot find ft particle of it anywhere . I b » ve the honour to be , Sir , Your most obedient servant , W . II . CLIFTON .
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day ftiternoon an inquest was held belore Mi 1 . TV . Baiter , jun , at the Duke of Wellington , Cannon Street , St . George ' s-in-the-East , on the body of Robert Weston , aged forty , late watchman in the London Docks . It appeared from the evidence that on Saturday eTcnlng last tho deceased was standing on . the pun wale of a barge lying in the Wapping basin , lie was ordered to go on shore by his foreman , when his font slipped and he fell into the water , and immediately disappeared . Several labourers repaired to the spot , and succeeded in recovering the body shortly afterwards , but he was quite deatl . The Jury returned a verdict of " Accidental Death . "
Obstructive Fire at Paisley . —On Wednesday evening , shortly after the workmen had retired from the Underwood Cotton Mill , the alarm was given tiiat fire had broken out in the garret-room in the western section of tho mill . Shortly after the fireengines and a party of soldiers from the barracks , whose services were inriiluable , were on the spot , but all endeavours to arrest the progress of the flames were ineffectual , and the care of tho firemen was concentrated in the adjoining residence of Mr . Orr , which was fortunately saved . In about three hours tliemill was burnt to the ground . The factory was one of the oldest and largest in Paisley ; it contained about 30 . 000 spindles , and gave employment to upwards of 500 people , who by this sad calamit ) are all thrown idle . The property was insured for £ 20 , 000 , which , it is expected , will rover the loss .
Fire ix IIoxtos . — On Saturday morning a fire , which threatened very serious consequences , and by which a man named John Lloyd was dreadfully burnt broke out on the premises of Mr . Oslwue , <> lovc cleaner , opposite the King's Arms , High-street , Iloxtnn Old Town . U ar > pe . irs that tho man w < irengaged in tlie still room , the door of which w . is shut at tho time , where he was distilling a composition of which turpentine Jurma a large portion , and which is used to clean the gloves with , when by somo means or othor , which do not clearly anponr , " but . supposed to be the
boiling over of the compound , it took fire , and the whole plnco was iillod n-itb flames n-Jm ' h burst forth from Mo door and windows of Iho , room The scrcauiB of tlio unfortunate man brought some of the neighbours to his assistance . A cab was prociirotl , and lie was immediately conveccd to St . B-n- - thol'imow's Hospital , where he now l oa in « reat agony , bt-ins ! scvorely burnt about tlm hands aW and fooo . Some of the other wwkmMi returned from ; l » eir hreaklsBfcs , together with therieiuhboors threw arge quantity of wator into the' place to which tho fliunos were thereby confined . '
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FESTIVAL AT THE NATIONAL HALL . On Monday last , there was a soiree to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the National Association for Promoting the Political and Social Improv ement of the People , in the lecture-room of the Institution High Ilolboin ; W . J . Fox , Esq ., in the chair . * After a lengthy speech from the chairman , Mr . Bkggs proposed the first sentiment , which was May the working classes be speedily convinced tba 4 one of their highest duties is tbe moral , social and political enlightenment of themselves , tlieir fa * . rallies , and tlieir brethren , and that limited means . . .. .- ; . ¦ , , - . .-¦ ¦¦ .- ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ __ ¦ .
with combined efforts , would Boon enable them to achieve this great object , and thus make education effective , independent , and truly national , instead of restrictive , sectarian , and governmental . " The sentitnfent was supported by H . Parr , y , Esq , Mr . W . Lovbtt , in a brief and forcible address ' proposed the next sentiment : — " The unenfranchised millions—may a deepaense of their political degradation stimulate them to fresh exertions in favour of their political rights ; and may the next public triumph over legislative monopol y and injustice be tho peaceful and legal attainment of the Ptonle ' s Charter . "
Mr . Elt submitted the last sentiment : — " The principles of peace and brotherhood—may they take deep root and spread widely among the nations of the earth , and may the industrious millions who are now the principal victims of war and warriors in all countries , urge their rulers to establish a Congress of NationB for amicably settling all nationaL disputes . " . Which was supported by Mr . G . M . Thompson . After which tbe proceedings terminated .
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fFrem , Tuesday's Gazette , My 28 , 1846 . J BANKRUPTS . F . B . Kettle , horse dealer— W . M'Dowalland R . Brown ,. Peinberfon-row . Cough-square , printers—F . JUncquwn , I . eadenhall-street , merchant—C . Burrows , and J . Gliddon , Plymouth , beer brewers—B . Evans , Bristol and Weston-super-Mare , Somersetshire , silk mercer—J . Carlisle , West Derby , Lancashire , builder and mason—J . S . Chadwiclc , Manchester , calico printer—E . J . Incliley , Drayton , Leicestershire , corn dealer—W . Inehlev , Drnyton Leicestershire , coal dealer—J . Coates , Leoiiiinister , Herefordshire , tailor and crazier— K . W J Mason Edgbastnn , Warwickshire , builder—T . S . Smith , Wcdnesbury , Staffordshire , carpenter and cabinet maker—T . C . Fletcher , Nottingham , glass dealer and chemical manure ! merchant—W . 6 . W . Tayler , Tywardreath , Cornwall surgeon and apothecary . '
BIHDEKDS . In the Country . R . Mars / len , Bi'ynmawi " , Brecknockshire , linen nnd ¦ woolendraper , Aug . 25 , at eleven , at theCoxirt , Bristol—J . Harrison , Liverpool , merchant and commission n ;? cnh Aug . 21 , at eleven , at the Court , Liverpool—W . B . Pattinson , Liverpool , currier and leatherseller , Aug . 27 , at twelve , at the Court , Liverpool—R . Foulkes'Sowliton , Flintshire , cattle salesman and milkman , Aug . 'J 5 , at eleven , at the Court , Liverpool .
DICLABATfONS OF DIVIDHKDI . 3 , "W , Rogers , Lewis , Sussex , draper , 8 s 3 d , on Fridnys , between tha hours of twelve and three , at the office ' of Mr . Follett , 1 , Sambrook-court , Basingball-street . T . Stnnden , Pudden-lane , Maidstone , brewer and beerseller , 4 s 5 d , on Fridays , between tha hours of twelve and three , at tlie office of Mr . Follett , 1 , Sambrook-court , Bashinphall-street . J . Mirls , Manchester , butcher , 3 s 4 jd , on Tuesdays , between the hours often and one , at the office of Mr . Hobson , 72 , George-street , Manchester . B . Sayle and T . Booth , Sheffield , and Tinsley park , Rotherham , Yorkshire , irnnmasters and coalmnsters ,. Is fid . on Tuesdays , between thr hours of eleven and two , fit th& office of Mr . Kyniuton , 4 , Commercial buildings , Leeds , J . Sudden and D . Sugden , Springfield and Huddersfleld , Yorkshire , fancy cloth manufacturers , Is Id , on . Tuesdays , between the hours of eleven and two , at the office ofKynaston . Commercial-buildings , Leeds .
J . Sugden , Sprinsrfield and Huddersfield , Yorkshire , fancy cloath manufacture , 3 s 9 Jd , on Tuesdays , between the hours of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Kynaston , 4 , Commareial-buildings . Leeds , W . Wilks , Lc « dp , builder and stonemason , 7 s . on Tuesdays , between the hours of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Hope , 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds . J . Pemberton , Knostrop , Leeds , soap boiler , GJd , on Tuesdays , between the hours ot eleven and tiro , at the office of Mr . Hope . 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds . --J . Stainthorpe , Hexham , Northumberland , brewer , 2 d , on Saturdays , between the hours of ten and three , at the office of Mr . Wakley , 111 , Pilgrim-street , Neiveastle-on-Tyne . S . Archer , Rochdale , woollen manufacturer , Is 3 d , on Tuesdays , between the hours of eleven ar . d one , at the office of Mr . Frase >\ 35 , George-street , Manchester . Ct . C . Gveew , George-yard , Bueklersbuvy , wholesale stationer , 2 s Id , on Saturdays , between the houvs of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Edwards , 7 , Frederick ' splace , Old Jewry ,
S . Fuvsell . Satrand , ironmonger , 2 s , * on Saturdays , between the hours of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Edwards , 7 , Frederick ' s-place , Old Jewry . It . G . Fox , Canterbury , wine and spirit-merchant . 4 s 3 d , on Saturdays , between 'the hours of elevan and two , at the office of Nr , Edwards , 7 , Frederick ' s-place , Old Jewry . P , \ V . Carter , Breiver-street , Golden-square , woollendraper- 5 s , ou Saturdays , between the hours of eleven and two , nt the office of Mr . Groom , 12 , Abchureh-laue . P . W . Carter and J , Jackson , Brewer-street , Goldensquare , woollendrapevs , 8 il , on Saturdays , between thehours of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Groom , 12 , Abchurch-lane . G . Dickinson , South Portman-mews , Portman-square , fsrrier and blacksmith , Is 46 , on Saturdays , between the hours of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Groom , 12 , Abchurch-lane . _ E . Burnett , Riehes-nourt , Lime-street , merchant , 3 s , on Saturdays , between the ht . urs of eleven and two , at the office of Mr . Groom , 12 , Abchureh-hme .
T . Johnson , sen ., w . Johnson , and C . Mnnn , Romford , bankers , 2 d , on Fridnys , hetween the hours of ten and four , at the office of Mr . Follett , I , Sambrook-court , Ba » singhall-street . E . Clayton , Edgeware-rond , licensed victualler . 3 d , o Fridays , between rlie liours of twelve and three , at th office of Mr . Follett , ] , Sambrook-court , Busingliall . street . J . A . Dow , Romford , draper , 9 Jd , on Fridays , between the hours of tivelve ai ) d three , at ' the office of Mr . Follett , 1 , Sambrook-cnurtj BasinghaH-street . S . Rogers , Pale-hall , nearUurslem , Staffordshire , earth , enwnre manufacturer , 8 d . between the hours of eleven and two . at the office of Mr . Valpy , 13 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham . J . Itbwlcs , Leicester , worsted . manufacturer , 8 £ d . on Thursdays , between tho . hours of elaven and three , at the office of Mr . Christie , 7 , Waterloo-place , Birmingham .
NOTICES OF CEBTIFIOVTES . In the Country . N . 3 . Reed , Marlborongli , Wiltshire , licensed common brower , Aug . ' - ' 4 , at twelve , at the Court , Bristol . At t !) e Court of Review , Aug-. 48 . W . Dnle , Liverpool , bricklayer—S . Wliatley , William , street , JAsson-grove , grocer—C . Clnrke , Goswell-road , and Cranbourii-stroet , draper—J . Jarvie and J . Ilowluy , Newton , Manchester , silk manufacturers—S . M , Latham , Dover , blinker—T . l > . Brown , Liverpool , commission nierchiint—C , J . Edmonds , ¦ Bluntisham , Huntingdonshire , apothecary—B . M .-Rj-aer , Kingston-upou-Huii , grocer .
PARTNEUSniPS DISSOLVED , U . B . Oirault auclJ . Richardson , Steward-street , Spitalfields , silk-manufacturers—AV . and C . E Newton , A ornonstreet , ttiignlgsjo-wells-roa ^ , cabinet-makers—J . Kii-ho'ls , and T . Hnlluni , Longton . Staffordshire , earthenwnrc-ma . nut ' acturevs—L . Lloyd and J . Dawson , Manchester , stock brokers—J . Lee and W . Shove , Manchester cotton-mercliants—B . Mny ^ cr and W , H , Cowham , New Brentford , millwrights ami engineers—G . and H . Case , Milbuurne , St . Andrew , Dorsetshire . buttoiMnanufncturers—G . and II . Case , Milbournc St . Andrew , linen-drapers— TT . S ' . Shove ami W , A , Trill , Bl ivklieiith , linendnmcrs—Susannah
NolebrooK and faniu SteiMtijr , Edjfivare . ronrt , schoolmistresses—1 \ Searanckennd I \ J . Searancku , St . Afban's , brewers—St . L . 1 'IiiUipFon and II . A . Joseph , liiulge row , City , perfumers—G . Harris and J . Redfern , Manchester , stock brokoi's-Elizabeth JiincEevtie sind Mary CuMwell Cole , Regent's-park , milliners—T . M'Dotignl . R . M . Sain , bourne , and H . Hell ( so for as regards T .-M'Dougal ) , St , Paul ' s Churchyard , warehousemen— W . Oa ' ibniith and J . Wilson , Miiiiuhestcr , publicans—T . Ovingtou , C . War . wlclt , T . 0 . Gvii > gU » , iu \ d M . Ovhuctoit , ( JUt-a ^ liUs—0 . Covbett and E . Lcwty , Stuuvpovt , NYorccstttrshive , coalmpvi'hiints .
INSOLVENT PETITIONERS . William Tlohues , Clcrkcmrull-grccn , butcher — John Porter , Sun-strect . Bisliopsgnte , shoe mercer—George liudden , liniton , Somersetshire , shopman and traveller—John Edivai- 'l Shimmers . Broadway , Essex , omnibus conductor— Henry Davis , Elizabeth-place , Old Kent-road , cnrmaii—Peter lrmijrhtoii , Wood-streut , suli-ritilway contractor—Daniel lilliott , Victoria-place , Old Kent-road , merchant ' s olevk— William Watts , St . Geortfe-stveet , St . George-in-the-East , baker— Richard Bailey Korer , Whitecross-stre ^ t , DM-street , tea dealer—Thomas CuoW , llowl .-uwJ . street , Fitzroy-squaTe , watch maker—Jacob itureit , Dalfton . uriieor—George Ainsworth , Chatham , bread and bisjmit baker— . lane Kelly , DcptforU ; lighterman-James Marshall , norton , Yorkshire , ( rroeev—Samuel Po <« Brad . fiircl-mour , Yorkshire , licur-seilcr—John Pull Kortou Yorkshire , tca-deitlcr-Enliraim Harris , Bristol' "Piieral
lardwuivinan—diaries llootlt , Brouglitmi , Ljim-.-isliire , butcher—Johu Pepper , Liverpool , pilot—Jnlm li . » : u-dman , . iiverpunl . flour dealer —Patrick Boyle , Lirurpoul cow keeper—John Shingles Hallows , Livanwoi sj ¦ vitcun . and apothecary—William Hrutt , Liverpool , temperance hotel keeper—Thomas t'ox , Air Balloon-hill , Plououstovshive , huckster—William Withers , jun ., Lawrence-hill , Gloucestershire , horse dealer— William Clark , Fnr . ise Selwood , Somersetshire , plumber—John Carr , Cheltenham , coach smith and stationer—George Matthews , Deptfi . nl , tailor and habit maker—John Uinstead . Alton , Southampton , cabinet maker— Wilihtin Ward , New Sonh-stnvt , Fins , bury , circular sawyer—Donald MTlicrson , Jjisnjeh atlCtiuner—wiUisini Wardcll , Summer ' s-town , OxSird , chair
maker—Thomas Bm . v , Fetter-lane , coachman - Henry Majnard , Lonir-laiu . I'U'rniondsey , baker— . fitmt-s Beaumont , Monld-giYpii , Uwlik'rstidd , cloth iluwYr---Jeremiah Tilting , Uevi-rley , Yorkshire , sexton—Wiliiam " tVntkins , Jloimmutli , Muinihiiuhsiiirp , plasterer—V . 'U bin Parker , Halifax , stone il . ' \ vav — Tliouins Croudso ' . ! , Bradford , Yorkshire , small shupkeeper—Daniel Wilson , luioforth , Yui'kshir-i . ' . s-Uww umyuu — Gluu'les Smiti ,. IVUr-gate , Darby , joiner \\ w \ wheelwvight—Joh \ i ttaekin-v , Liverpool , whitesmith mul licer-sellev — Thniun-. ' ifenrick , ltti-Uenlii-: \ d , Ciiestar—John Beaumont , Helm . Yorkshire , cloth fmislwr-George Frobisher , Leeds , i'p ' i-thnvirv — Uunry Wilson , Sheffield , confectioner—Tln . m ; is Wafdlc , Charlie Saviliu , Sheffield , warehouseman— D . iniuCreavcs , Sheffield , woollen eloth merchant .
SCOTCH SEQ 0 ESTKAT 10 X 3 . I ) , llomsnu , iiiviTiuiss , bookseller ami s ' -i : ii > : iev , to meet within tiio Caledonian Hotel Inverness , Any . 4 and 2 tVut twelve . J . I ! . Muxtun , mul J . Dixon , Leith . t ' uuw ' crs and uuyii ' uccrs , tt > meat wuiun tlie Waterloo Hotel , Waioi'loo-place , Edidlmv . ili , An-. ; . : ' . and 21 , at three . , 1 . 1 " . bix . « iu . Kiliiiuuvgh , biinkur , to muot within tlio Royal Oak llutul , ;\ Uoa , Aug . 4 ami 22 , at twulve .
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Cflmsponimwe *
Untitled Article
TO THE DELEGATES OF THE NATIONAL CHAR . TIST ASSOCIATION ABOUT TO ASSEMBLE AT LEEDS , "" . . Gentlemen . —From a notice in the Star a short time ago it was underatood that the Chartists of Bohon proposed to raise a subscription to present Mr . Feargus O'Connor with a gold medal and chain , aB a testimonial of that gentleman ' s increasing exertions in the cause of freedom ; and in a later number I find that the Char , lifts ot Newport have resolved that £ 500 out of the Sale of Carpender ' s Estate should be presented to Mr .
O'Connor . Now , gentlemen , I do not think that either ef these propositions are sufficient to compensate Mr . O'Connor for all the losses , pecuniary and otherwise , which he hag f ustained in the cause ; and it is my humble opinien tbat by appealing to the Chartist community of this kingdom , a sum sufficient to raise an annuity for Mr . O'Connor and place him on a level with the other agitators of the day would be readily acceded to , and it would only be in accordance with the principles of the Charter— " Payment of MemberB . " I think that so long as things remain aa they are , we are violating that principle . ¦
When we consider that Mr . O'Connor has sacrificed hit fortune , his time , and his practice at the bar-for thwell beliur of the working classes of this country , should we be unmindful of returning tothatgentlemanwhatialn reality due to him . Gentlemen , were you to Beareh the United Kingdom through , could you find a man to go through ihe work he has done ! Could you find talent , integrity , uprightness and straightforwardness , the nerye and the ability such as Mr . O'Connor possesses ! No ! in a word he is all we want and all we could wish , and shall It be , « s he has told us in his defence against Cooper , " I sIibII die a paupeb « " No , gentlemen , itraustcot be so ~ let the queslion be brought forward at your sitting and an appeal be made by the several delegates throughout the country and the work is done .
I am well aware that Mr . O'Connor ' s good and generods mind would oppose such a proposition , but , that ought not to deter us from doing out duty . I" conclusion I would beg leave to intimate that if you would crown his exertions with success you must strengthen his hands , and by so doing you will let the world see that we value Mr O'Connor above all men , not merely ty votes cf confidence , but by something more substantial . I remain , gentlemen , your obedient servant , ¦ William Russell . Fishpond . house , Broughall , near Wliitchurcii , Shropshire .
Untitled Article
* THE NORTHERN BTJlft ; August I , , lg 46 , M ^ M ^ W ^ W ^^^ MiM ^^ MM ^^^^^ W ^ Wi ^ MMMMBi ^^ ai ^^ Mi ^ MM ^^^^ ^ ^^ , MMMMMa ^ M ^^ B ^ Bi ^^^ ig ^ MW ^**^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ rr !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ r ,, ¦ - ¦¦ ' i mi . . .. _ - _ .
Fatal Accident In The London Docks—On Mon-
Fatal Accident in the London Docks—On Mon-
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 1, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1377/page/6/
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